Che Canadian Entomolomst.
LXXIV APRIL, 1942 No. 4
A NEW ARGYROTAENIA FROM SPRUCE (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) * BY I. N. FREEMAN
Ottawa, Ont.
The following description is offered in order to provide a name which can be used by economic workers for a species of Argyrotaenia which is destructive to spruce foliage, and which has been erroneously regarded as lutosana Clem., following Robinson’s misinterpretation of Clemen’s species (Robinson, 1869, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 279, pl. VI, fig. 59). A subsequent paper dealing with the status of several species in this group is in preparation and more complete notes will then be included.
Argyrotaenia occultana 0. sp.
Outer side of palpi whitish with fuscous-tipped scales; inner side whitish. Head and thorax fuscous with a mixture of colorless or fuscous tipped scales. Ground color of fore wing white, finely reticulate with dark-brown; basal area dark brown, its,outer margin defined by a darker line which starts at the costal one-quarter and extends obliquely outward to the median vein, where it angles obliquely inward to terminate at the basal third of the posterior margin; median band broad and distinct, starting at the costa just before the basal half and extend-
ing obliquely outward to the outer third of posterior margin; inner side of this Band is in general quite straight (in some specimens slightly constricted in the region of the radial vein), the-outer side irregular, and arcuate as it nears the posterior margin thus causing this portion of the median band to be wider; at the outer third is a dark brown, sub-triangular, costal spot which is faintly connected to a lighter colored tornal spot; fringes fuscous becoming lighter in the tornal region. Hind wing uniformly shining smoky; fringes light with dark basal line. Expanse: ¢, 17 mm., 9, 19 mm.
Holotype— 8, Mt. Lyall, Que., June 28, 1933 (W. J. Brown); No. 4320 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ont.
Allotype—@, same data as holotype, July 6, 1933.
Paratypes—1 3, Digby, N. S., June 17; 1 8, Barrington Passage, N. S., June 19, 1910 (C. H. Young); 7 ¢, Mt. Lyall, Que., June 28—July 14, 1933 (W. J. Brown); 1 3, Wright, Que., June 19, 1932 (G. S. Walley); 1 4, Cas- capedia, Que., May 25, 1933 (M. L. Prebble); 1 8, Kazubazua, Que., June 6, 1927 (J. McDunnough) ; 1 ¢, Burbidge, Que., June 25, 1937 (F. A. Urquhart) ; 1 4, Mer Bleue, Ont., July 9, 1935 (F. A. Urquhart); | ¢, Nordegg, Alta., June 16, 1921 (J. McDunnough); 1 ¢, Barrington Passage, N. S., July 13, 1910 (C. H. Young); 1 ¢, Forsythe, Que., reared from spruce by the Forest Insect Survey (emerged in incubator Mar. 28, 1938) .
Food plant—Spruce.
Distribution—N. S., Que., Ont., Alta.
This species can readily be separated from the other eastern species of 1rgyrotaenia by its larger size, the white ground color, and the distinct, brownish- black bands, the basal one of which extends to the costa. The larva of this species is described by Brown and McGuffin in the following paper.
*Contribution No. 2160, Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department of Agri culture, Ottawa.
BG.
58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR., 1942
NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, IV, HERCULLA,
TORTRIX, AND ARGYROTAENIA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE AND TORTRICIDAE) *
BY A. W. A,
BROWN AND W. C. Ottawa, Ontario
McGUFEFIN
Herculia thymetusalis WIk. Plate VIII, a
Penultimate Instar, Head width 1.4 to 1.7 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.
Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.7 to 1.9 mm. Body about 17 mim. long and 2.5 mm. in width; fusiform in general shape, each segment divided by a transverse fold into a broader anterior and narrower posterior portion; skit: closely covered with minute hexagonal pits; ground colour light greyish-brown, with five well-defined longitudinal lines, as follows: a narrow dark grey mid dorsal line fading posteriorly, two wide grey-brown subdorsal lines, and two interrupted brown supraspiracular lines; oblique outfolded ridges in subspir acular position, separated by deep, infolded wrinkles, which are darkly pigmented and bear irregularly scattered pits, one series of these wrinkles forming a fine interrupted suprapodal line, the venter light brown. Head ruddy-brown and wrinkled, frontal sutures very dark and angled outwards, adfrontal sutures very light and sinuate, epicranial index 0.7 to 0.8; preclypeus golden brown, fou times the width of the darker and pitted postclypeus, its ventral margin very slightly concave; labrum translucent chestnut brown, its cleft at an angle of 120 degrees; distance between ocelli | and 2 one and one-half times to twice the distance between 2 and 3. Prothoracic shield brown, smooth and shining. well delined. Anal shield of ground colour with small dark pits. Setigerous tubercles composed of a papilla with a narrow but decidedly dark rim, set directly in the integument with pleats radiating from it; the _ setae and conspicuous. Spiracles circular, light brown with very dark rims. legs light brown, darker distally. biordinal and arranged in a circle.
Mandibles especially stout with 2 or 3 teeth only (Fig. 1). Hypopharynsx with lingua densely covered with sharp spines, the gorge narrow and bare, and the lobes with longer retrorse spines (Fig. 4). broad, tapering gradually towards the tip. the proportion of 13:2:13.
This species feeds on white and black spruce, with a single record from jack pine.
Body length about 7 mm.
long Thoraci Abdominal legs light brown, the crochets
Spinneret 3 times as long as Labial palpi with the segments in
Tortrix packardiana Fern. Plate VIII, b
Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.1 to 1.4 Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.
Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.5 to 2.2 mm. Body about 18 mm. long and up to 2.2 mm. in width; of nearly equal width throughout but tapering slightly posteriorly from the sixth abdominal segment, and in the thoracic seg- ments; venter clear green; skin minutely granular; general colour emerald green, paling to yellow-green laterally and at the junction of the segments, with a slightly darker dorsal line. Head emerald green occasionally tinged with light brown, shiny, appearing smooth but slightly ragulose; a darker patch in the ocellar area, and another larger patch posterior of it and extending to back ol
mm. Body length 14 to 17
in.
*Contribution No. 2120 from the Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. This is the fourth of a series of contributions from the Canadian Forest Insect Survey.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
PLATE Vill
(ultimate instar), b, larva of Tortrix pac hardiana larva of Argyrotaenia occultana Frmn. (ultimate instar).
a., larva of Herculia thymetusalis WIk.
Fern. (ultimate instar), ¢,
60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR., 1942
head; epicranial index 1.7 to 2.5, the colourless adfrontal sutures touching the vertical triangle, the clypeus green; distance between ocelli 1 and 2 is one to one and one-quarter times that between ocelli 2 and 3. Cervical shield medium green, shiny, with a somewhat darkened posterior margin. Anal shield clear green. Setigerous tubercles consisting of small, conical, very light brown papillae, borne on relatively colourless circular mamma-like projections or chalazae; setae conspicuous. Spiracles green with a wide light brown rim. ‘Thoracic legs pale green, light brown distally. Abdominal legs clear green; crochets biordinal.
Mandibles with 5 teeth, the fifth truncate and the remainder pointed and ciaw-like, with 3 ridges and no internal tooth (Fig. 5). Hypopnarynx apparently completely bare except for scattered spines on the lobes (Fig. 2). Spinneret 3 times as long as broad, tapering gradually towards blunt apex. Labial palpi with segments in the proportion of 10:2:10.
T. packardiana feeds on white, black, Engelmann, and Sitka spruce, and also balsam fir, showing a preference for the underside of young growing shoots.
Mandible of Herculia’ thymetusalis Wik. (Fig. 1), Argyrotaenia occultana Frmn. (Fig. 3). and Tortrix packardiana Fern. (Fig. 5). Hypopharynx of Tortrix packardiana Fern. (Fig. 2) and Herculia thymetusalis Wik. (Fig. 4).
Argyrotaenia occultana Frmn. Plate VIII, c
Egg. 0.8 mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide. Yellowish green, flat in one planc and ovate in another, laid in overlapping groups on the mid-section of the needle. Chorion smooth with faint colourless reticulations.
First Instar. Head width 0.15 mm. Body 1.2 mm. long, the ground colour light brown. Head light brown, unmarked. The larva mines in the mid- section of spruce needles, also spinning a loose web around them.
Intermediate Instars. The ground colour gradually changes to green in succeeding stages. Head also gradually develops a greenish tinge, unmarked in instars 2 and 3, but in 4 and 5 with a single pair of longitudinal bands.
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LX XIV THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 61
Sixth Instar.* Head width 1.2 to 1.3 mm. Body 11 to 13 mm. long and from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. wide; shape subcylindrical, the segments that bear ventral prolegs being the largest; skin evenly covered with extremely minute conical granules, except on the pinnacula around setal bases. Ground colour emerald green, the middorsal line (marking position of blood vessel) conspicuous and bluish-green; dorsum markedly wrinkled, each segment with a central transverse wrinkle separating the alpha from the beta setal pairs, with the intersegment marked by a pair of parallel wrinkles; the lateral shoulders of the segments, where the skin is somewhat puffed outwards, are paler and tinged with yellow; subspiracular folds present. Head shiny yellow-green to light greenish-brown, conspicuously marked with brown to black stripes formed by large coalesced circular dots; there are 8 such stripes, 4 on each side, the first bordering the epicranial stem, two stripes bordering the genae extending to just above the ocelli, and the remaining stripe between these and the first; an additional stripe, grey in colour and not visible above, borders base of genae; adfrontals extend to vertical triangle, being widest opposite the apex of frons, the epicranial index varying widely from 1.3 to 3.6; frons and postclypeus green, preclypeus light green with a broadly concave distal margin, the labral cleft being deep and acute (at angle of 75 degrees) with a dark border; distance between ocelli 1 and 2 about twice that between 2 and 3, ocelli 3, 4 and 5 nearly contigous, a dark patch covering ocellar area but excluding ocellus 1; antenna black, the pedicel light green. Prothoracic shield shiny, of ground colour, about one-fifth of head withdrawn under it. Anal shield concolorous. Setigerous tubercles composed of very light brown papillae set on smooth, slightly elevated, fairly large pin- nacula. Spiracles circular, yellow-green, with a narrow dark brown rim. Thoracic legs light green, with well-marked sclerotized areas, those of the tarsi deeply pigmented. Abdominal legs light green to concolorous, the crochets arranged in a circle, largely biordinal.
Seventh Instar. Head width 1.3 to 1.4 mm. Body about 14 to 15 mm. long and 2.2 mm. in width. Head marking more conspicuous, otherwise as in sixth instar. “The larva spins a light web among the needles of spruce.
Mandibles with 5 teeth, the first appressed to the second, the fifth very broad and low, the remainder pointed and claw-like, with 3 ridges and no internal tooth (Fig. 3). Hypopharynx apparently completely bare except for scattered stout spines on the lobes. Spinneret 314 times as long as broad, taper- ing gradually towards blunt tip. Labial palpi with segments in the proportion of 15:2:13.
This species feeds on white, black, and Engelmann spruce; it is very occasionally found on balsam fir, tamarack, and lodgepole pine.
ON ANT NESTING HABITS IN NORTH DAKOTA IN 1941 COMPARED WITH DROUTH YEARS
BY NEAL A. WEBER,
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota Forming somewhat of a supplement to the article, “Notes On ‘The Effect Of Drouth Upon The Nesting Habits Of Ants”, in the August, 1941, Canadian Entomologist, are recent brief observations over widely separated areas in North Dakota. The summer of 1941 in this state was unusually wet and was preceded
*The number of instars in this species was established by rearilig; pupation may take place either from the sixth or seventh instar,
62 fHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS1 APR., 1942 paxty by several season of “normal” rainfall. The conditions contrasted strikingly with those of the drouth years of the early 1930's, That ants, driven out or exterminated in drouth years, may soon repopulate an area during wetter years is indicated by my finding Monomorium minimum Buckley and Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus DeGeer on the University of North Dakota campus in July and August. ‘The former species is soil inhabit. ing, widespread in the state, and normally occurs in open, sunny situations. ‘Uhe latter is a forest species nesting in dead wood and occurs in the woods along the Red River two miles away. Neither species was included among fifteen forms hei taken by Lionel Monda (MS) in a careful survey of the campus ants made in ses the summer of 1936 during the drouth. p “ On July 24 an unusually large colony of Myrmica brevinodis brevis pinosa oye Whecler was discovered on a slight wooded ridge forming the ancient northeast we shore of Devils Lake, N. D. ‘This colony, at the bases of several of a clump of ae five elm and boxelder trees about 20 cm. thick, probably amounted to several he thousand individuals. It may possibly have represented the coalescence in a aa favorable site of several colonies during the drouth years. On one side of the pro} ridge during the 1930's existed a dry and dusty ‘alkali’ lake bed; on the other ae side was an equally dry and dusty grassland. — - Phe ants on the brief survey reported nesting under stones during the si drouth were, of course, but a fraction of the species having this habit. Additional species taken in 1941 include such common and widespread species as Solenopsis ue molesta Say (Valley City, Belden), Leptothorax rugatulus Emery (Belden), alot Myrmica lobicornis fracticornis Emery (Hope), Lasius niger americanus Emery slig (Valley City, Kathryn), Lasius brevicornis Emery (Hope), L. (Acanthomyops) pal latipes Walsh (Valley City), Formica sanguinea ssp. (Valley City, Belden) and sae Formica fusca argentea Wheeler (Hope). More significantly, the following fe species formed nests with crater or slight soil turret entrances on the open prairie hin among grass: Monomarium minimum (Valley City, Verendrye Nat. Mon,), Myrmica sabulett americana Weber (Valley City, Ellendale, Beach) and M. -
lobicornis fracticornis (Stanley), Tapinoma sessile (Stanley), Lasius — nige americanus (Stanley), Formica bradleyi Wheeler (Towner) , Formica neogagates vetula Wheeler (Stanley) , Formica sanguinea ssp. with F. fusca argentea Wheeler slaves (Verendrye Nat. Mon.).
Myrmica fracticornis and Tapinoma sessile were also taken on the brie! drouth survey, the former only in a nearly dry creek bed, the latter only under rocks. Wetter conditions very probably made it possible for these and some of the other species to nest on the open prairie. Several, however, (e.g. Formica bradleyi) nest in pure sand and stand drouth well.
On the other hand, the nesting habits of ants found in the Badlands in 1941 appeared to be similar to those found on visits during the drouth. — In addition to all of the genera and many of the species given above, Pogonomyr- mex occidentalis (Cresson), Manica mutica Emery and Dorymyrmex pyramicus niger Pergande are characteristic inhabitants of this Upper Sonoran Life Zone area. ‘These latter are adapted to more semi-arid conditions and their popu- lations probably do not vary as considerably as do those of the Transition Zone which covers most of the state.
The conclusion, from these and many other observations, that ant popu lations fluctuate greatly in such areas with variable climate as North Dakota is clear. “The ant populations of areas with relatively stable climates, whether arid or humid, seem on the other hand to be relatively constant, Fluctuating with the ants, of course, are populations of other animals and plants inextricably involved in communities with them.
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1 HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST PORTRICID NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS*
BY J. McDUNNOUGH, Ottawa, Ont,
OLE THREUTINAE Endothenia affiliana n. sp.
Looks much like a very small melanosticta Wishm.
Palpi with basal portion of second joint and entire third joint blackish, otherwise largely creamy, especially beneath. Head ana collar dull brownish, Thorax largely blackish with apical hall of patagia creamy, tipped with brown. Primaries with basal and median areas predominantly blackish, overlaid with an admixture of whitish, brown and leaden-colored scaling, the latter mosi noticeable on inner margin at base. ‘The pale, slightly oblique, antemedian band is generally obscured by brownish scaling as well as by a patch of leaden-colored scales in the cell; outer margin of median band irregular, snowing two blunt projections in and below the cell. Outer fourth of wing largely creamy; a small, upright, dark, pretornal patch, partially joined to the median band by dull brownish and leaden-colored scaling; a narrow dark subapical bar, largely obscured by white scaling, leaving the ground color as four or five small black spots in the costal section; between this and apex a slightly metallic leaden suffusion crossed by several obscure brownish streaks; several brownish spots along costa. A dark terminal line except at anal angle. Fringes dull leaden, slightly checkered with brown, paling to cream-color at anal angle. Secondaries pale, with faint smoky tinge, this color deepening in outer fourth to form a darker marginal band. Fringes whitish, shaded with smoky at and below apex and with a smoky basal line. Pro- and midlegs and hind tarsi banded black and white; hind tibiae white, without hair-pencil. Expanse 13 mm.
Holotype— g, Fairy Lake, Que., May 6, 1941, (IT. N. Freeman) ; No. 5265 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype—@, Aylmer, Que., May 27, 1935, (W. J. Brown).
In the male genitalia the tip of the uncus is broadly expanded as in nubilana Clem.; the projection from sacculus containing the spine cluster, Spc’, is longer than usual, broad and of even width throughout, evenly spined from base to apex. ‘The female genitalia seem closest to those of melanosticta as figured in Heinrich’s revision (Pl. XXXI, fig. 191).
Exartema fraternanum McD.
Two males of this species, heretofore only known to me by the single male holotype, were bred in the spring of 1941 from larvae rolling up the leaves of Alder at Blackburn, Ont., 10 miles east of Ottawa at the edge of the peat-bog known as the Mer Bleue; the larvae were the usual Exartema type, very wiggly and green with black head and thoracic shield; nearly all were parasitized. One male matched the holotype excellently in pattern, the second, while agreeing yenitalically, showed the dark median area much overlaid with olivaceous, pre- senting somewhat the appearance of furfuranum McD. which is a Rubus feeder; such partial suffusion of maculation occurs apparently all through the genus and must be considered as of little specific value.
Exartema tilianum Heinr. A small series of this species was bred in the spring of 1941 from larvae found in the leaf-buds of Tilia at Merivale (Ottawa district) Ont., early in May. The larvae are scarcely distinguishable from those of EF. atrodentanum Fern, on
*Contribution No. 2132, Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department of Agri culture, Ottawa.
64 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS1 APR., 1942
oak, found at the same time and place; they also can be easily contused in earlie stages with the ubiquitous larvae of A. rosaceana Harr.; the head and shield are, however, more evenly deep black and the head is distinctly narrower and morc elongate. While most of our bred series showed on the primaries the olivaceous suffusion of the dark areas mentioned in the original description as characteristic, certain specimens possessed as distinct a brown banding as in well-marked forms of nigranum Heinr., proving that such a character (as already mentioned pre viously) cannot be used as a specific one. Tilianum and nigranum are dithcult to separate without recourse to the male genitalia; Heinrich’s figures (ligs. 86 and 97) of the claspers in his revision are accurate and | would call particular attention to the different positions of the two necks in relation to the sacculi; also to the longer and fewer spines in Spe! of nigranum, two of which are much longer and point inward, a feature not occurring in tlianum; the broader uncus of tilianum seems also a specific character. From Dr. A. Braun of Cincinnati, with whom I have corresponded on the subject, | learn that the food-plant of nigranum larvae is Sugar-maple (dcer saccharum) and she has kindly — sent me two bred specimens; a study of these in connection with two male paratypes and our small Ottawa series inclines me to believe that nigranum is best separated, as far as maculation goes, from tilianum by the presence of a broad dark shade extending along the inner margin of primaries; this shade may assume at times great prominence and at others be reduced to almost obsolescence but traces are apparently always visible whereas in tilianum nothing of the kind can be preceiy ed. A separation, based on this character and later confirmed by genitatic slides, showed that a large proportion of our tilianum had been masquerading — as nigranum. ‘he generally paler head and collar of tilianum and the trequent presence of a small dark spot on inner margin in the paler antemedian band are often useful characters but more unreliable than the first mentioned one. Exartema trepidulum Heinr.
What undoubtedly seems to be this species occurred at light in small numbers at White Pt. Beach, N. S., and a single specimen was bred from a larva found on Viburnum cassinoides Linn. By diligent searching around the same plant at Baddeck, N. S., in 1941 a small series was captured, the moths flying out of the bush when it was gently shaken.
The species to my mind is very close to melanomesum Heinr. which occurs in the same localities; both show, along with the closely allied viburnanum Mel)., the paling of secondaries toward base. In melanomesum the basal patch is entire, extending to costa and showing none of the light purplish shading found in trepidulum; the median band shows more bright brown scaling, frequently, in perfect material, obscuring the darker costal area which gave rise to the name; finally the pretornal patch is moderately distinct, this being practically obsolete in trepidulum. In trepidulum the pale yellow line cutting the median band in the region of the teeth—which is really only a joining of the two pale lines bordering the band—is not always evident and cannot be satisfactorily used as a key-character, as done by Heinrich.
I agree with Heinrich that trepidulum fits in excellently with Zeller’s figure and description of nitidanum (zellerianum Fern.). Heinrich’s claim that Zeller’s characterization of the median band as “golden-brown” (Zeller’s term is “tief gelbbraun’’) does not fit the present species is rather weakened by the fact that in the initial Latin diagnosis Zeller uses the word “nigro-brunneis” for the color of the median band, which does fit excellently. Eventually a study of Zeller’s specimen in the British Museum should settle the point. If it becomes necessary to supersede trepidulum with zellerianum then for Heinrich’s zellerian- um we apparently have available Kearfott's Mss name of betulanum, validated by Heinrich on page 140 of his bulletin, or possibly rusticanum McD. which may be (as Heinrich states), merely a duller-colored Manitoba race.
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Exartema baccatanum 2. sp.
Belongs in the permundanum group with similar type of maculation and genitalia. At once recognizable by the rusty-red (varying to orange-red) color of primaries as compared with the olive-green color in typical permundanum, the color in the present species being almost as intense as in zellerianum Fern. as defined in Heinrich’s revision,
Palpi with second joint whitish, tinged with ruddy apically, with small basal and median black spots and a smoky suflusion in the ventroapical tulting; third joint smoky. Front smooth, creamy; head, collar and thorax rusty-red or orange-brown with faint admixture of smoky in vestiture at back of head and in metathoracic tuft; metathorax, adjacent to first abdominal segment, whitish, abdomen smoky, slightly banded with paler. Primaries very distinctly of a red shade which varies considerably from a deep red-brown to a paler orange-brown but which in general might be termed a rusty-red. Maculation similar to that ol permundanum Clem., the basal patch, median band, tornal spot and subapical bar having a blackish ground color which is so heavily overlaid with the reddish scaling that only traces of the dark color appear in the basal area above inner margin, the lower outer tooth of the median band, and as transverse streaks in the tornal spot and subapical bar. Costal half of basal area with considerable pale scaling; outer margin of this area irregular, in general angled gently inward from centre of wing to costa at 4. Antemedian band composed of pale, glisten- ing scaling, usually with a decided pinkish tinge, and cut by a fine median red- brown hair-line. Median band much as in permundanum, clean-cut, the two outer teeth moderate in length, the upper one a straight bar, the lower chunky at base and tapering apically; the rust-red overlay showing frequently a distinct olivaceous tinge in the portion above inner margin. Subterminal areas, delin ing median band, tornal spot and subapical bar, composed of glistening scaling similar to that of antemedian band, and cut by median, ruddy hair-lines. ‘Tornal spot large, roughly triangular; subapical bar broad with little contraction medial- ly. Beyond median band on costa five pairs of pale dashes, separated by oblique streaks of the ground color, the second of which connects narrowly with the sub- apical bar, the outer ones more or less coalescing to form a slight apical patch, containing a few blackish scales. A distinct dark line at base of fringes, these being largely leaden-colored, variably cut by pale scaling, which usually forms a patch below apex of wing and another at anal angle. Secondaries rather evenly deep smoky with whitish fringes cut by a smoky basal line and showing faint smoky suffusion at apex of wing. Beneath rather evenly deep smoky, secondaries slightly paler; costa of primaries showing the pale paired dashes of upper-side. Expanse 15 mm.
Holotype—, 8. March, Ont., June 21, 1941, (J. McDunnough). (Bred from Gaylussacia baccata) : No. 5266 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype—same data, June 20.
Paratypes—25 8,17 @, same data, various emergence dates between June I8 and 29.
The whole type series was bred from larvae found tying the terminal shoots of Gaylussacia baccata in an area near South March about 20 miles south- west of Ottawa. The active larvae were yellow-green, much the color of the plant leaves, with the usual black head and prothoracic shield. In previous years our survey in Nova Scotia had produced a few similarly-colored adults from larvae on the same food-plant but not until the present long series was bred did I feel justified in considering that the form was sufficiently distinct from permundanum to warrant description. The species may eventually prove to be closer to sericoranum Wlshm. than to permundanum but as far as I can judge from the few specimens known to me, sericoranum has yellow-brown primaries
sn
66 THE CANADIAN EN1OMOLOGIS1 APR., 1942
with less cleanly cut maculation. Then, too, the food-plant of sericoranum is
given by Heinrich as Myrica; as to the correctness of this I have some doubts as the only Myrica-feeder in the group known to me produces an imago with deep russet-brown primaries concerning which | have already commented in a previous article (1933, Can. Jour. Research, IX, 514). The genitalia, apart from slight differences in size, etc., apparently offer nothing tangible whereby baccatanum can be distinguished from its close allies.
EUCOSMINAE
Thiodia citricolorana n. sp.
Very close to refusana WIk. in maculation, differing in the evenly pale lemon color of primaries, without the white costa or longitudinal streaks through the cell. The large circular ocellus is much as in refusana, containing in lower portion two rows of 4-5 black spots, bordered and separated by silver streaks, the upper portion shaded with whitish and crossed by several smoky lines com- posed of minute dots. Silvery costal streaks as in refusana., smoky, deepening in shade outwardly. Expanse 17-18 mm.
Holotype— é , Saskatoon, Sask., July 4, 1924, (K. M. King); No. 5267 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Paratype—1 8, Cypress Hills, Sask., June 5, 1939, (A. R. Brooks) .
In the male genitalia the clasper is shorter and chunkier than that of refusana with much thicker neck and consequent reduction in the size of the ventral excavation between sacculus and cucullus. The ventral edge of the cucullus is, furthermore, drawn out into a sharp point whereas in refusana (vide Heinrich’s fig. 119) it is gently rounded,
Hind wings pale
Thiodia autumnana DP. sp.
Scarcely separable from refusana on maculation but with somewhat deeper ground-color of primaries which are also noticeably shorter and broader. ‘The male genitalia are quite distinct.
Palpi, head and thorax light smoky brown. Primaries light yellow-ochre, heavily suffused in basal half with smoky, through which in the region of the cell several fine, creamy, parallel lines run, much as in refusana. Costa narrowly creamy, slightly dotted with brown. Outer edge of smoky basal area rather even, slightly outwardly oblique, with traces of metallic scaling, leaving a narrow band of the ochreous ground-color anterior to the ocellus. Ocellus much as in refusana, the lower portion defined by two silvery streaks, slightly convergent and more or less joined above anal angle to form an open V; between these are 8-10 black dots, arranged in a double row and partially separated by silvery dashes. A broader silvery arc defines the upper portion of the ocellus enclosing a patch of the ground color, sprinkled with smoky scaling, arranged more or less in transverse lines. From each end of the are a straight silvery streak ascends to costa and between these below costa are several short silvery dashes. Fringes pale, heavily peppered with black. Secondaries rather deep smoky, slightly paler toward base. Fringes pale faintly smoky with a deeper smoky basal line. Expanse é 17-18 mm.; @, 15-16 mm.
Holotype— 8, Lac Ste. Marie, Que., Sept. 7, 1935, (T. N. Freeman); No. 5268 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype—@, same data.
Paratypes—1 8, 1 9, same data; | ¢@, Pt. Colborne, Ont., Sept. 15, 1934, (D. Gray).
In contradistinction to refusana which flies in early spring (around
Ottawa in May) the present species occurs in the fall. The male genitalia are
LXXIV
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LXXIV THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 67
quite distinct from those of refusana and much closer to those of the western decempunctana Wlshm., according to Heinrich’s figure (fig. 120); the neck of the clasper is, however, still narrower and the ventral excavation, in con- sequence, considerably deeper.
Thiodia vernalana n. sp.
Allied to rupestrana McD. with very similar maculation, but much smaller and less definitely marked.
Male. Palpi, head, and thorax a deep smoky gray-brown. Primaries similar in color with sparse sprinkling of white scales, most prominent in median area above inner margin and subterminal area above ocellus. ‘Traces of a lon- gitudinal white basal streak; basal patch only defined by an indistinct, oblique, darker band from cell to inner margin at 4. An obscure, dark, oblique, post- median band from costa at 4 to inner margin before tornus, forming a sharp outward angle opposite cell. Costa beyond this band with the usual 4 pairs of geminate oblique white streaks separated by small dark patches; the outer streak of the second pair crossing obliquely to outer margin as a narrow, partially silvered white line and connecting with a similar vertical streak descending from the last and -largest streak situated just before apex of wing. Ocellus defined by two silvery dashes, forming an open V above tornus and including an upper transverse black streak and several irregular black dots below this. ‘Terminal area somewhat peppered with fine white dots. Fringes leaden-colored, pale- tipped, with fine, white, basal line and slight pale peppering beyond _ this. Secondaries pale smoky with paler fringes.
Female. Smaller than male, primaries slightly paler with better defined maculation, the median, pale area above inner margin more evident, the white costal streaks more extended and more definitely silvered inwardly. Expanse, é,18mm.; 2, 15 mm.
Holotype— g, S. March, Ont., (Ottawa Dist.) , May 30, 1941, (J. McDun- ough) ; No. 5269 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype—@, Bell’s Corners, (Ottawa Dist.), Ont., May 14, 1941, (T. N. Freeman) .
Paratype—1 9, same data as Allotype.
A male and female from Emerald Lake, Field, B. C., received years ago with the Dod Collection, also: appear to belong here.
‘The male genitalia are very similar to those of rupestrana, but smaller and the cucullus is more triangular and less extended ventrally.
Eucosma jejunana 0. sp.
Male. Palpi, head and thorax deep gray, former rather rough-scaled. Primaries rather narrow and elongate, deep gray, heavily sprinkled with white scaling. Maculation rather indistinct, consisting of an upright, dark subbasal band, broadest and best defined on inner margin and fading away before attain- ing costa; also a dark pretornal patch, slightly inwardly oblique to the middle of wing, where it fades out and is continued to costa beyond 14 merely by several fine dark lines. ‘The broad median space between these two dark bands gives somewhat the appearance of a paler dorsal patch, due to heavy white sprinkling, and is cut by several fine dark vertical lines. Costa with fold dark brown, beyond this striate with numerous dark dashes, one in outer area continued across wing to tornus and others joining with a narrow, obscure, sub-apical bar. Ocellus obscurely indicated by two slightly metallic bars, overlaid with white sprinkling, between which the above mentioned dark line runs. Apex of wing preceded by slight metallic tinges. Fringes deep leaden, tipped with white. Hind wings smoky with somewhat paler fringes. Expanse, 15 mm.
68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
Holotype— 8, Blackburn, Ont., May 20, 1941, (J. McDunnough) ; No.
5270 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Paratypes—1 §, same data; 1 g, Kazubazua, Que., June 6, 1935, (G. S. Walley) . In the paratypes the darker maculation in the terminal area of primaries is less evident, the apical spot and subapical bar being scarcely indicated and this whole section showing merely a few fine, brown, irregular lines through
the pale sprinkling. ‘The species is very similar in general appearance to Epiblema abbreviatana Wlshm. and in fact was thought to be this species at the time of capture; the wings are, however, narrower and longer and the maculation more obscure. ‘The genitalia, while in a general way quite similar to those of abbreviatana, quite lack the rudimentary harpe at the base of clasper, character istic, according to Heinrich, of the genus Epiblema; in consequence the species would fall into Eucosma, where its position is rather uncertain but placed ton the present next hohana Kft.
Eucosma aeana 2. sp.
Male. Palpi, head and thorax creamy white, the former very faintly shaded with pale smoky. Primaries elongate, with short costal fold, pale whitish clay with the darker maculation a light olive-brown, ‘This consists of a slightly outwardly oblique basal bar, arising from inner margin at Y%4 and continued beyond cell to costa merely by a few striations; an irregularly triangular pretornal patch, containing scattered black scaling, its apex narrowly connected with an oblique, irregular, postmedian band from costa at Y, where it is defined by two darker streaks; a small, oval, apical patch and a spindle-shaped subapical bar, both slightly defined by black. Outer half of costa with numerous dark streaks extended obliquely downwards by lines of olive-brown, one of which joins the subapical patch and others beyond coalesce and attain outer margin, these latter bordered by faint metallic shades in the pale area of wing. Ocellus obscure, formed by two irregularly vertical, faintly metallic bands, enclosing a pale area partly crossed by 2 or 3 short faint dark streaks; upper part sprinkled with light smoky scaling. Outer margin largely narrowly whitish, especially below apex. Fringes smoky, pale-tipped and peppered with white scaling. Secon- daries smoky with whitish fringes, cut by smoky basal and apical lines. Expanse, 20 mm.
Holotype— §, Fillmore, Utah, Aug. 10, 1940, (D. H. Bishotl); No. 5271 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
The species bears considerable resemblance to a small Thiodia tarandana Moesch., but the male costal fold precludes a reference to this genus. The genitalia bear most resemblance to Heinrich’s figure of E. suadana Kft. (fig. 243) but the angle between ventral edge of sacculus and excavation of neck is less sharp and the excavation in consequence broader, the cucullus is more regularly circular and the aedeagus appears to be sharply bent at right angles apically, with a small bunch of long fine cornuti protruding from its mouth.
Eucosma betana 0. sp.
Male. Palpi smoky outwardly, pale creamy inwardly. Head and collar
pale grey with smoky shades between and behind antennae. ‘Thorax fawn-brown with faint pink tinges, patagia deep pink. Abdomen pale smoky. Primaries almost unicolorous deep pink, with traces of what appears to be a light fawn ground color showing through where scaling has been rubbed; costal edge to end of fold deep smoky brown. Fringes pale, tinged with pink and cut by a smoky sub-basal line. Secondaries light smoky, paling slightly basally, with whitish fringes. Beneath primaries unicolorous smoky with costo-apical fringes pale ochreous; secondaries pale smoky. Expanse, 23 mm.
APR., 1942
LXXIV
A272 u
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LXXIV 1HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 69
Holotype— §, Swilt Current, Sask., Aug. 24, 1939, (A. R. Brooks) ; No.
KQOro
5972 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
The species resembles E. immaculana Kft. in color but the pink shade is deeper. ‘Ihe genitalia are extremely similar to those of fernaldana (Heinrich’s fig. 209) in shape of claspers but the socii are thinner and the aedeagus shorter.
Kucosma sperryana 2. sp.
Male. Palpi creamy-white, shaded outwardly with brown in apical halt of second joint. Head and thorax creamy-white with basal half of patagia and scattered scaling on central portion of thorax, brown. Abdomen dorsally light purplish-gray. Primaries deep purplish-gray with scattered light brown scaling in and below the cell, subapically and basad of the ocellus. Costa narrowly creamy-white, this color broadening in the apical area, striate with numerous purplish streaks which change to a brown color before apex of wing; inner margin narrowly creamy-white with scattered blackish spots in outer portion. Radius and its branches faintly, cubitus, submedian fold and vein | prominently outlined in creamy-white, giving a distinctly striate appearance to the wing. No other definite maculation; a few black dots near base of wing, an irregular line of broken blackish scaling, margined slightly inwardly with brown, between basal portion of cell and inner margin at 1/3; another curved line of black scaling, somewhat like a question-mark, from below outer portion of cell to inner margin at 2/3, this followed in the fold by a larger triangular patch of black scales with smaller patch above it, both partially surrounded by white and brown scaling. Ocellus merely indicated by three superimposed short arrow-like black streaks in a whitish area; between these and apex of wing further irregular black scaling, partially defined by white and brown bordering. A short, brown, in- wardly oblique, apical streak. Outer margin largely whitish with slight: brown scaling above tornus. Fringes purplish at base, largely whitish outwardly, this color cut by purplish, broadly above tornus and twice narrowly below apex of wing. Secondaries light smpky, paling towards base with white fringes cut by a smoky subbasal line. Expanse, 31 mm.
Holotype— é, Opal, Wyo., June 24, 1933, (G. and J. Sperry); No. 5273 in the Ganadian National Collection, Ottawa.
‘The large size, striated appearance, together with lack of the usual macula tion are quite distinctive. “Lhe genitalia appear to be closest to those of invicta Wishm. as figured by Heinrich (fig. 192).
Epinotia signiferana Heinr.
The larvae were very common at Aylmer, Que., in May and June, 1941, tying up the terminal shoots of a Ceanothus species. ‘They are typical Epinotia larvae being sluggish, dirty yellowish-white with yellow head and a brown pos- ierior margin of the prothoracic plate; they enter the ground when full grown and spin a tough cocoon in which they aestivate, pupation occurring in late summer and emergence in early September. ‘This is the first record of this striking species for eastern Canada and also for the food plant of the larva.
LASPEYRESIINAE
Grapholitha boulderana n. sp.
Palpi white, third joint blackish. Pectus and a fringe of scales below eyes white. Head and thorax deep brown, peppered with white. Primaries deep wood-brown, suffused with light ochraceous in the costa-apical area; scales arrang- ed in such a way as to form parallel vertical lines, giving a decided ribbed ap- pearance, those of the basal area finely tipped with white. From costa before
70
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR.,, 1912
l /
a narrow, convex band of white extends across wing to inner margin just beyond 14, this is bordered narrowly outwardly with metallic scaling. Beyond this on costa are five small white patches, slightly margined with darker and extended inwardly across the ochreous apical area by metallic streaks. “Two semivertical metallic bars, of which the inner is the longer, define the narrow, open, V-shaped ocellus, which is largely filled with deep black scales, irregularly and only partially covered with ochreous. Along outer margin a black subapical streak is separated from a longer bar of same color, opposite ocellus, by a fine line of ochreous scaling; tornal area deep brown sprinkled with white. Fringes deep metallic leaden. Secondaries deep smoky with a short white streak along outer margin below apex. Fringes pale smoky in basal half cut by deeper smoky basal line, outer half whitish. Legs with the basal joints deep black, tibiac clothed with an admixture of light brown and white scaling, tarsi deep smoky, ringed with white. Expanse, 11 mm.
Holotype— $, Boulder, Colo., May 19, 1936, (IT. N. Freeman); No. 5274 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype— 2, same data.
The male genitalia are very similar to those of caeruleana Wlshm. but, instead of a bundle of short cornuti, the aedeagus is armed with only two long, slender ones which extend nearly from base to apex of the organ.
TORTRICIDAE
Genus Peronea
Peronea walkerana McD. ‘Two males were reared from larvae found on Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) in late May, 1941, at Blackburn, Ont., 10 miles east of Ottawa. These larvae were unfortunately mixed in with those of A phania capreana Hbn. and had pupated before a proper sortation could be effected; in consequence no data other than that of the food plant is available at the moment. “The moths emerged during the first week of June (the season was a very early one) and were of the same dark smoky color with poorly defined maculation which characterized my type series.
Peronea inana Rob. ‘Two males were bred from larvae taken on Hazel (Corylus sp.) in the vicinity of Merivale, Ont., a few miles south of Ottawa in late May, 1941. ‘Phe larvae were pale yellow-green and when full-grown remain- ed between spun-together leaves fully 10 days before pupating. | “The moths emerged on June 30. — As far as I know this is the first authentic food plant record for the species.
Peronea bowmanana McD. A single male was bred from a dull yellowish larva found tying the terminal shoots of Spiraea at Brackley Beach, Prince Edward Is., in early June, 1941. This larva aestivated when full grown for about six weeks and did not pupate until after my return to Ottawa on August 15. The moth emerged on September 17. Although diligent search was made at the time. the only other larvae found were those of Evora hemidesma Zell. which were very common.
Peronea braunana McD. At Baddeck, Cape Breton Is., the larvae of this species were very common on Alder (Alnus sp.) in early August, living when young in a fold of the leaf along one of the ribs and later tying the apical portions of one or two leaves together, Pupation took place late in August and the moths (possibly a second generation) emerged in September. All the specimens were of the normal dark brown color with the exception of one female which belonged to the striking form with the basal portion of the forewings white. are pale green with a blackish head.
Peronea gallicolana Clem.
The larvae
The larvae of this species were common in
LXNI
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LXNIV THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 71
ie the early spring of 1941 tying the terminal shoots of Pussy Willow (Salix ; ond \ g 41 ty \ (Salix discolor) ae at Blackburn, Ont. ‘They fed up quickly, pupated and emerged in the first week “a of June. All the moths were of the typical pale form with slight ruddy suffusion a and prominent, blackish, costal, triangular patch. The larvae are green with , black head and shield. arly ical fine IVs nye oky PbWO NEW SPECIES OF DRAGONFLIES COLLECTED BY MRS. ALICE L. jae DIETRICH IN MISSISSIPPI ky, BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, 7 4 Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Among the dragonflies of a fine collection made by Mrs. Dietrich in Mississippi and recently presented to Cornell University, there are two new ut, species of Gomphus that she has modestly asked me to des¢ ribe. e, Gomphus (Stylurus) potulentus n. sp. Length 52 mm.; abdomen 39; hind wing 33. (Fig. 2 and 4). This is a blackish species with sides of the thorax and leg bases yellow. Lhe tace is dull olivaceous, with a pair of blackish bars extending upward from the lower outer angles of the postclypeus across it to the margin of the trons, n Labrum olive green with a brownish front border and paler edgings around s the basal external angles. ‘Top of frons yellowish except for a very narrow a basal band that is confluent with the broader black ocellar cross stripe of the vertex. Antennae black; first and second segments ringed with whitish. Vertex ‘f p brown. Postocellar ridge nearly non-existent; only a low prominence behind ’ each lateral ocellus. Occiput dull yellow, its slightly convex border fringed with 1 short stiff black hairs. Prothorax brown, with faint marginal streakings of paler. Front of synthorax dark brown with yellow collar and yellow-edged carina. The pale
stripes of the dorsum are isolated above, strongly divergent forward, where con- fluent with the collar, forming with it a pair of opposed 7-marks. ‘The crest is wholly brown, and completely confluent with the wedge-shaped middorsal brown stripe that doubles in width to the anterior end, ‘The antehumeral pale stripe is very narrow and inconspicuous below and interrupted above where | directed toward the depression in the humeral suture, while its detached and isolated upper end is a rather conspicuous squarish spot of yellow situated out
of line with the lower portion beneath the outer angle of the crest.
The sides of the synthorax are yellow except for a wash of brown that overspreads to rearward the humeral and midlateral sutures at their upper ends; also a little touch of brown on the latter suture below the level of the spiracle. No dark stripe on the third lateral suture. ‘The pale color of the sides continues beneath the thorax, envelops the short basal segments of the legs and over- spreads the femora, increasingly from front to rear, with the hind femora mainly yellow, having only a dwindling line of black running proximally toward the body from the knee. ‘Tibiae, tarsi and claws wholly black.
Wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown; edge of costa yellow. Nodal crossveins 14:12/9:11 in fore and hind wing respectively. ‘Triangles of very unequal length, that of the fore wing being a fourth shorter; in the space beyond the triangle in the fore wing there is a single cell extending across from vein M, to Cu, (this I should hardly expect to be a constant character; for the two fore wings are not alike, there being an extra initial cell next the triangle on
72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR., 194:
one side and none on the other). There is a single paranal row of cells in thef
fore wing. Postanal cells in the hind wing three or four in the first row (prob ably normally four). In the first and second postanal interspaces there are first two large single cells and then two rows to the wing margin. The first anal vein is angulated at the anal loop cell. ‘The gaff is about three-fourths of the length of the inner side of the triangle.
The abdomen is black except on the sides of the moderately dilated seg ments at both ends, but there is a remnant of the usual middorsal pale line, continuous on J and 2 and disappearing near the middle of segment 3. ‘Th:
Be.
ee \ a
= an \ = \ - 3 4 ee i i.
Fig. 2, 4, Gomphus potulentus un. spi Fig. 1, 3, Gomphus modestus u. sp.
sides of and 2 and the base of 3 are yellow, including the auricle; genitalia vellow. Segments 7—9 obscurely luteous with a reddish tinge, this color extend ing to the outer border on 9 but not on 7 and 8; 10 wholly obscure; caudal ap pendages brown.
A single male specimen from Whisky Creek, near Leaf, Mississippi, in the Alice L. Dietrich collection, dated July 5, 1931.
This is a very distinct species that is easily recognized by its sharply bi colored sides; half black above, half yellow below. It is perhaps as closely 1% lated to G. plagiatus Selys as to any other species, but it is much smaller and has wings that are less widened toward the base. ‘The tip of the superior caudal appendage in the male is much less angulated on the outer side than in that species.
Gomphus (Gomphurus) modestus n. sp.
Length 62 mm.; abdomen 45; hind wing 34. (Fig. 1 and 3).
This is a greenish yellow species heavily striped with black, and with a black abdomen spotted with yellow. Face yellow above becoming greenish down ward, cross striped with black on all the sutures, and besprinkled with sparse. stiff, short, blackish hairs. Labium pale, its divisions brown tipped. Labrum greenish olive. Ante- and postclypeus brownish, the latter with black edging on the lower prominences. Frons yellow both in front and on two-thirds of its upper surface; then with a straight-edged crossband of black that merges with the cross stripe that to rearward covers the entire vertex. Postocular ridge high and bare. Occiput yellow both above and behind, with a slightly convex, black-edged ridge that is fringed with short black hair.
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L\XIV
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 73
Prothorax black above, with a submedian twin spot and a pair of large lateral spots yellow. Synthorax greenish yellow with blackish stripes on the front and on all lateral sutures. The middorsal carina is black, edged with yellow in its middle portion; collar broadly yellow each side. The middle stripe of black is widened forward into a broad triangle. The yellow dorsal stripes beside it are isolated above and confluent below with the yellow of the collar, forming a pair of opposed 7-marks. ‘The antehumeral yellow stripe is complete but much narrower than the black on either side of it, and it is abruptly dilated at its upper end next the crest; below it runs down onto the yellow of the middle coxae. The blackish stripes on the second and third lateral sutures are narrower but distinct and continuous. They are conjoined below by black stripes on the curving sutures of the lower sides.
The legs are black except for the under side of the front coxae. ‘The wings are hyaline with black veins and tawny stigma, and a very narrow front edging along the costa. The nodal crossveins are 12-14:11-13/8:12-14 in fore and hind wing respectively. The paranal space in the fore wing is wide, filled with several large cells and two that are divided; postanal cells of hind wing four; first and second cubito-anal crossveins close together at their posterior end; vein A, curved but not angulated at outer angle of anal loop cell. In both wings there are two cell rows beyond the triangle with an extra initial cell at its hind angle.
Abdomen black, slender in the middle and with wide segments at both ends broadly marked with yellow. ‘The sides of 1 and 2 and base of 3 yellow in their lower half, including the auricle on 2 except for a black line that runs down on the edge of it. A iniddorsal narrow band of yellow on | and 2 is broken and abbreviated into basal round spots at 6; on 7 a pale basal crossband of the dorsum runs down low on each side into a longitudinal rufus yellow band that fades out posteriorly and does not cover the expanded lateral margin; on 8 there are three yellow spots, one small median basal, and two large diffuse, lateral, sub-basal, again not.encroaching on the lateral expansion of the seg- ment; on 9 the dorsum is black but the sides are mainly yellow, with that color covering the expansion at the sides. The black edges of this expansion at the sides of the segments is spinulose-serrate where it is black on 7 and 8, and smooth where yellow on 9. ‘The blackish segment 10 is about half as long as the ninth, and distinctly shorter than the black caudal appendages. Genitalia of the basal abdominal segments black.
A single male specimen taken at Lucedale, Mississippi, on April 25, 1929.
The species is near G. vastus Walsh but differs in its slightly larger size and paler coloration. The black antehumeral stripes of the synthorax are con- tinuous up to the crest; they are abbreviated above by confluence of the adjacent
bordering stripes of yellow. ‘The postanal cells of the hind wing are four; in vastus normally five. ‘The superior caudal appendages of the male are more acuminate than in vastus.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR., 19.8) [XXIV
THE FEMALE OF LEUCORRHINIA PATRICIA WALKER, WITH smalle FURTHER NOTES ON THE MALE the gel BY E. M. WALKER, but th
are SO) Department of Zoology, University of ‘Toronto
Since the type male of this species was described*, the following addition. halt < al material has been determined: Smoky Falls, Mattagami River, Cochrane § District, Ont., June 26, 1934, 2 3; July 1, 8, 1934, 5 8,1 9 (G. S. Walley, Pei! Canadian National Collection, Ottawa); Fort Severn, Hudson Bay, Patricia such |
portion of Kenora District, July 3, 6, 1940, 1 ¢,3 9 (C.E. Hope, Royal Ontario In g¢
Museum of Zoology, Toronto. in fie
ed to appe pare! ings. of fh with Prot hin witl ant spo foll sire act car wil ial mu at fu in th
Fig. 1. Leucorrhinia patricia Walker, abdomen of 4 ; Fig. 2, same, abdomen of female; Fig. 3, L. hudsonica, abdomen of ¢ ; Fig. 4, same, abdomen of g ; Fig. 5, L. patricia g , vulvai lamina and sternum of segment 9; Fig. 6, L. hudsonica, Q, vulvar lamina and sternum of segment 9.
The specimens from Smoky Falls were identified during a brief visit to Ottawa in 1940 and, through the kindness of Dr. J. H. McDunnough, the single female and two of the males were later sent to the writer for further study. A cursory examination of the specimens listed indicates that L. patricia averages
*Walker, E. M., 1940, Can. Ent., 72:12, Pl. IL.
dition. chrane
Valley. atricia Ntario
LXXIV THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 75
smaller in size than L. hudsonica Selys. It is, in fact, the smallest species of the genus. Some individuals of L. hudsonica are as small as an average patricia, but these appear to be exceptional. ‘The specimens of patricia from Fort Severn are somewhat larger than those from Smoky Falls.
In the male there may be a linear mid-dorsal yellow streak on the basa! half of segments 4 and 5 of the abdomen (Fig. 1), but these markings are extremely narrow and, on segment 5, vestigial. Of the three males before me, besides the type, one from Smoky Falls and the single one from Fort Severn have such streaks; in the other from Smoky Falls they are not, or scarcely discernable. In general the yellow markings are lighter and more clear-cut in patricia than in hudsonica, but in a relatively old male from Smoky Falls the yellow has turn- ed to deep orange. ‘The slenderness of the abdomen and the characters of the appendages and genitalia, as described for the holotype male, are equally ap- parent in the other males.
Female. All the females seen are young enough to show clear-cut' mark- ings. Face creamy yellow, labrum shining piceous, labium wholly black. Dorsum of frons, vertex and most of occipital triangle black, the latter brownish behind, with a tuft of long tawny hairs; rear of head also black with pale brownish hairs. Prothorax black with a double median yellow spot, and the median part of the hind margin light yellow; hind lobe with long tawny hairs. Synthorax black with yellow markings as in male, much more clearly defined than in hudsonica: antehumeral stripes nearly divided in the upper fourth; inter-alar tubercles and spots at bases - wings clear yellow. Abdomen black with yellow markings as follows (Fig. 2): segment | with lateral spot and a transverse dorsal marginal streak; 5s caked 2 with a thick L-shaped lateral spot and a large dorsal spot, acute be hind: segment 3 in front of transverse carina and dorsally, behind the carina, in the form of a rounded spot, pointed behind; segments 4, 5 and 6 each with a median narrow dorsal spot or streak, decreasing caudad, sometimes vestig- ial on segment 6. Wings hyaline, costal veins brownish proximally, becoming more yellowish beyond the nodus, clear yellow just beyond the stigma; vein R, at this level, is also touched for a short distance with light yellow. Pterostigmata fuscous, the hind margins slightly convex. Dark brown basal spots much as in hudsonica; front wings with two dark dashes, the second larger, occupying the cubito-anal space as far as the cross-vein, and also the first anal cell; hind wings with an anicrior spot Occupying basal cell as far as first cross-vein, and a large triangular posterior spot, whose anterior margin extends halfway, or more. to the base of the triangle. Abdomen a little shorter and stouter than in the male. Scales of vulvar lamina shorter than in hudsonica, about one-fourth as long as the lateral margin of segment 9, separated by a distinct space (Fig. 5). Epiproct broader than long, bluntly rounded distally. Cerci as in hudsonica, longer than segment 10.
Venation (both sexes). Antenodals, forewing, ¢ ¢ 7, hindwing, ¢ 9¢
6; postnodals, forewing, ¢ 7, 2 6—7, hindwing, ¢ 6—8, @ 7.
Measurements (mm. both sexes). ‘Total length g 25.0—28.5, 9 24.5— 27.0; abd. ¢ 17-21, @ 18-19; h. w. 8 18.5-22.0, 9 19-25; pt. f. w., é 1.2—1.6, ¢ 1.70—1.75; pt. h. w., 6 1.3-1.7, Q 1.75—1.80; sup. apps. é 1.15—1.338, ¢ .7—.8.
NOTES HUMAN SLEEPING SICKNESS TRACED TO COMMON MOSQUITO BITE
Mosquitoes—carriers of malaria, yellow fever, dengue and many other maladies of man and animals—have been proved one of the transmitting agents responsible for the spread of encephalitis (sleeping sickness of man) and en- cephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness of horses). More than 3,000 cases of human
76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APR., 1942
sleeping sickness with about 9 percent omnes were reported this year by the U.S. Public Health Service.
Specialists of the Bureau of Rensiniiems and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture, assisted University of California and Washington state and local health authorities in collecting nearly 10,000 mosquitoes, tlies and other biting insects this season, and tested them for viruses of these two diseases. he work was conducted in the Yakima Valley of Washington because 27 humans and 40 to 50 unvaccinated horses had sleeping sickness in that area during the summer of 1940. ‘The insects were identified, frozen and shipped in dry ice to the San Francisco laboratory of the University of California. Then they were divided into lots or “pools” according to family and species, washed, ground and the “liquid” injected into mice. One pool composed of Culex tarsalis mosquitoes produced symptoms of St. Louis type sleeping sickness. Another pool of the same kind of mosquitoes produced the western equine sleeping sickness.
While it has been demonstrated previously that mosquitoes can transmit the disease under laboratory conditions, this is the first time that mosquitoes collected in the field have been proved to be carrying the disease virus. The particular species of mosquito found carrying the virus is widespread in states west of the Mississippi.
As a result of this finding, scientists now want to know if: (1) mosquitoes are the only transmitting agents of human encephalo; (2) more specifically, if the Culex tarsalis mosquito is the only type that transmits the disease; (3) whether mosquitoes must be abundant in order to cause the disease; and (4) whether mosquitoes harbor the disease between outbreaks. If these facts are established a plan for mosquito eradication can be mapped that might control sleeping sickness as effectively as mosquito eradication helped to control yellow fever. Successful vaccines for horses have been developed and are widely used, but sleep- ing sickness vaccination for humans is not yet practical.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture REARING THE APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE SULZER, INDOORS IN WINTER
The aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, is frequently present on the leaves of the Swedish turnip at time of harvest, and if the roots are placed in a warm cellar the insect continues to multiply on the sprouts formed on the turnips. Observation of this suggested the use of sprouting turnips for the rearing ol aphids indoors, since these plants can be obtained at any season and can be grown without greenhouse facilities. The rearing has been continued during three winters, producing the winged aphids for use in spray experiments and in virus disease transmission tests. With six turnips in pots on the laboratory table, it has been possible to maintain a daily production of 50 winged aphids from November to March. With 20 turnips in a box of sand, a daily production of 1000 winged aphids for spray tests was maintained without difficulty. The plants had to be changed from time to time when the sprouts and leaves became wilted due to aphid feeding.
The best conditions for rearing were found to be a temperature of 76° Fah. and a humidity of 35 per cent. ‘The plants were kept on a laboratory table uncovered. The winged aphids flew to and gathered upon a nearby window from which they were easily collected as needed.
The simplicity of the method makes it possible for any entomologist or teacher to maintain a supply of living aphids for use at any time in the winter.
R. P. Gorham, Fredericton, N. B.
GUELPH PRINTING SERVICE Mailed Tuesday, May 5, 1942.