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A
SHAKESPEARE GLOSSARY
BY
C. T. ONIONS
M.A. LONDON ; OF THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONAJIY
OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1911
PR 0(^
HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBUBGH, NEW YORK
TORONTO AND MKLBODRNE
PEEFACE
The steady advance towards completion of the great Oxford English Dictionary has made it possible for the Delegates of the Clarendon Press to authorize the preparation and issue of this book, which is primarily the outcome of an analysis of Shakespeare's vocabulary conducted in the light of the results published in the Dictionary. The application of these results to the making of a glossary to a single author, if it is to have an independent value and to be true to the facts, must not be a mere mechanical transference of definitions and classifica- tions of meanings such as an industrious compiler might make with small expenditure of time and labour. Such a work as is here attempted is one of difficulty and delicacy, and there are pitfalls even for the expert ; but, relying upon a fifteen years' experience on the editorial staff of the Dictionary, I have allowed myself a wide freedom of adaptation, and trust at the same time to have escaped such errors as would be almost inevitable if a task of this kind were undertaken by one wlio knew the great book only from the outside and had no adequate training in lexicographical method.
The aim of the Shakespeare glossary now presented to the reader is to supply definitions and illustrations of words or senses of words now obsolete or surviving only in provincial or archaic use, together with explanations of others involving allusions not generally familiar, and of proper names carrying Avith them some connotative signification or offering special interest or difficulty in the passages in which they occur. Senses still current in general literature have also been occa- sionally illustrated, chiefly where there is contextual obscurity, or where it seemed desirable, for one reason or another, to give a complete conspectus of a word that has many ramifications of meaning. Words of this last class have received very diverse treatment according to the circumstances of their usage ; but a feature common to the greater number of them is the intro- duction of the scheme of meanings by a statement indicating
iv PREFACE
how far Shakespeare's uses are those of his contemporaries or are peculiar to him, what senses are first exemplified— as far as present evidence shows — in his works or in those of Elizabethan writers generally, what is the relative fret^uency of the various senses, or supplying information of a more general character as to their status or origin. The elucidation of idiom, the definition of colloquial phrases, and the detailed illustration of specialized uses of pronouns and of the so-called particles, are points on which I have bestowed much care. I have throughout recorded any important readings and spellings of the original folio and quarto editions, as well as conjectural emendations, even when these are certainly wrong, as is the case with Pope's widely accepted marisli. It is hoped that this information as to variant readings will enable the student to take his first steps in textual criticism, and will give him an insight into the problems that have to be solved in establishing the text. I have also made it a i^art of my plan to bring together evidence to shoAV the relation of the poet's vocabulary to that of the dialects of the midland area, and in particular the dialect of his own county, Warwick- shire. Interesting, and here and there entirely fresh, information on this head will be found under the words halloic, Basimccu, hatld, hloocl-holterd, bum-haily, cJtop, door, elder-gun, father ., galloiv, (jcclc, groio to (p. 256), honeij-stcdJcs, line s]>.', moUed, vinss, ixtslt, Ijotch, sheep, sight, soiled, tarrc, vails, ichccl. Among articles in which non-midland dialects have been drawn upon to illus- trate the status or interpretation of a word may he mentioned dispttrse, handsaw, overscutchcd, side vb. In one noteworthy instance — that of minnicJc or minnocl' — a collation of dialect evidence has led to the tentative restoration of a word which has been almost universally excluded from the text since the time of Johnson, who regarded it as a genuine word and the right reading. Another special feature of this glossary is that it includes obsolete or technical terms that occur only in stage directions, for example sennet. The common view has been that these form no part of what Shakespeare wrote, but their appearance in the oldest editions of the plays seemed to me sufficient ground for treating tiiem here.
PREFACE
One who enters at this time of day upon so well worked a field of investigation as the language of Shakespeare can hope to do little more in the direction of novelty or originality than present a compamtively few points with a greater degree of clearness or certainty than has been achieved by his many pre- decessors. The following articles in the present book may, however, be referred to as recording words or facts about words that have been either ignored or imperfectly explained by many pi'evions glossarists : — ci-lifc, enew (a palmary emendation of Keightley's), great-helly and thln-heUy doublet, minnicJc (referred to above), relish ( = to warble), salt rheum, the verb sol-fa, washing ( = swashing). A long list might be given of words concerning which I have been able to supply information not usually accessible in books of this kind, or to bring forward suggestions to some extent new, bearing upon a textual question or an interpretation ; the following are selected as typical : — accommo- dation, alarm alarum, Arthurs show, bloat, the two participial adjectives compact, the two adjectives dear, dismal, foregone conclusion, green fields (see field), holy-ale, hue, humour, inn, Lethe, metal mettle, nonce, ordinate, Provincial rose, lioman hand, the adjective royal, Salique, scrowl, spright sprite, steppe, thrce-man-song- men, tidy, token, tract, the verb trash, travail travel, unbraided, vale, tceird sisters, ichinid'st, ivilful-blame, tvorldly, icot.
This glossary contains considerably more matter than any other select glossary of similar scope, and it is expected that many who glance over its pages will express the opinion that it takes in more than is necessary for the guidance of a reader of average literary knowledge ; but a careful examination made with a view to ascertaining what i^roportion of the vocabulary here dealt with can be truly described as present-day English will prove such a criticism to be ill-founded. And hei-e it may not be out of place to suggest a method of study to the serious student to whom an accurate and even minute know- ledge of the meaning of the poet's words is no bar to the enjoy- ment of his poetry. He will do well from time to time to examine the articles in the glossary, especially the longer ones and those concerned with words of Latin origin, apart from the
PREFACE
reading of any Shakespearian text ; he will in this way discover how much he is in danger of missing or misunderstanding, and will gradually acquire that attitude of alertness which is essen- tial to the appreciation of the richness and subtlety of Eliza- bethan English.
To make a selection of words and meanings that should satisfy all, and to carry out their illustration in a perfectly consistent manner, would be alike impossible, even with an expenditure of double the time that has been given to the present book, the compilation of which has occupied the full working days of a year and a half. It is hoped, however, that the oversights and inconsistencies inevitable in a book which, although of slender dimensions, comprises close upon ten thousand separate articles, will not prove to be so numerous or so serious as to impair its general accuracy and usefulness.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Of the lexical works devoted to Shakespeare I am chiefly indebted to Schmidt's Shakespeare-Lexicon and Bartlett's Con- cordance. For textual matters the Cambridge Shakespeare has of course been indispensable. The commentaries from which I have derived the greatest help are those of the Clarendon Press series of select plays, edited by W. Aldis Wright and W. G. Clark, and those of the Arden Shakespeare, of which the volumes by the late H. C. Hart must be specially mentioned for the wealth of illustrative quotation which is distributed among the notes. In investigating technical terms I have had recourse as far as possible to treatises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ; but I have frequently turned with advantage to Rushton's ShaT{€sj)carc a Laivycr, and Shalccspearc and 3Iusic by Dr. E. W. Naylor, who has kindly allowed me to consult him on some musical difficulties.
In the preparation of material and the verification of refer- ences I have been assisted throughout by Mr. J. W. Birt, of the staff of the Oxford English Dictionary.
C. T. O.
May, 1911.
§ 1. SHAKESPEARIAN EDITORS, COMMENTATORS, AND CRITICS.
Campbell (Thomas) 1777-1844 ; td.
1838. Capell (Edward) 1713-81 ; ed. 1 768. Chalmers (Alexander) 1759-1834;
ed. 1805. Clark (W. G.), Glover (J.), and
Wright (W. A.) ; ed. 1863-6 [tlie
Cambridge Shakespeare], reissued
189J-3. Clark (W. G. and Wright (W. A.);
ed. 1866 [the Globe edition] ;
1868, &c. [select plays. Clarendon
Press series]. Clarke (Charles and Mary Cowden ;
ed. 1860, 1864. Collier (John Payne) 1789-1883 ;
ed. 1844. Craig (William James) died 1906 ;
ed. 1892 [the Oxford Shake- speare]. Delius (Nicolaus) ; ed. 1854 ; 1877
[the Leopold Shakespeare]. DowDEN (Edward) living; ed. plays
in the Arden Shakespeare; poems
1903. Dyce (Alexander) 1798-1869; ed.
1857. Farmer (Richard) 1735-97. FuRNESs (Horace Howard) sin. and
jun.; ed. 1871, &c. Halliwell (James Orchard) 1820-
89; ed. 1851-3. Hanmer (Sir Thomas) 1677-1746;
ed. 1743-4. Harness (William) 1790-1869; ed.
1825. Hart (H. Chichester) died 1908 ;
ed. plays in the Arden Shake- speare. Heath (Benjamin) 1704-66. Hudson (Henry Norman) 1814-86;
ed. 1851-6.
Johnson (Samuel) 1691-1773; ed.
1 765. Keightley (Thomas) 1789-1872;
ed. 1865. Knight (Charles) 1791-1873; ed,
1839-42, 1867. Malone (Edmund) 1741-1812 ; ed.
1790 ; edited by James Boswellthe
younger 1821 [the third variorum
edition]. Nares (Robert) 1753-1829. Pope (Alexander) 1688-1744 ; ed.
1725. Reed (Isaac) 1742-1807; ed. 1785 ;
1803 [the first variorum edition] ;
1813 with notes by Malone [the
second variorum]. RoLFE (William James) ; ed. 1871-
96 [the Friendly edition]. RowE (Nicholas) 1674-1718; ed.
1709. Schmidt (Alexander) 1816-87 ;
Shakespeare-Lexicon 1874-5,
1886; 1902. Singer (Samuel Weller) 1783-1858;
ed. 1826. Spedding (James) 1808-81. Staunton (Howard) 1810-74 ;
1858-60. Steevens (George) 1736-1800;
with Johnson 1773. Theobald (Lewis) 1688-1744;
173.3. Walker (William Sidney) 1795-
1846. Warburton (William) 1698-1779;
ed. 1747. White (Richard Grant,- 1821-86;
ed. 1857-9, 1883. Wright (W. Aldis) : see Clark. Wyndham fGeorge) living; ed.
poems 1S98.
ed.
ed.
ed.
§ 2. AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED.
Ascham (Roger) 1515-68 ; Toxo-
philus [treatise on archerv]
1545. Bacon (Sir Francis) 1561-1626. Bailey (Nathaniel) died 1742 ; An
Universal Etymological Englisli
Dictionary 1721, &c.
Baret (John) died 1580 (?) ; An Alvearie or triple Dictionarie, in Englishe, Latin, and French 1573 ; An Alvearie or quadruple dictionarie, containing foure sundrie tongues, English, Latine, Greeke, and French 1580.
AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED
Bloumt (Thomas) 1618-79 ; Glosso- grapliia ; or a Dictionary inter- preting all such hard words, of whatsoever language, now used in our refined English tongue 165C. 1661, l(3~i,&.c.;'Sofj.o-A(^iKoi': a Law- Dictionary 1670, 1691.
Blundeville i^Thonias); The Art of Riding [with] The Order of Cur- ing Horses diseases 1580.
BoRDE (Andrew) died 1549 ; A com- pendyous Kegynient or Dyetary of Helth 1542.
BoTONEK or Worcester (William^) 1415-82 (?^; Itinerarium.
Bourne (William) died 1583 ; A Regiment for the Sea : conteyn- ing most profitable rules ... of navigation 1574.
Breton ; Nicholas) 1546 vV)-1626(? .
Browne (Sir Thomasi 1605-82.
Caxton (William) died 1491.
Chapman (George) 1659 ('?)-1634.
Chaucer ;^Geoifrey) died 1400.
CoKEi^Sir Edward 1552-1634 ; The First Part of the Institvtes of the Lawes of England 1628.
Constitutions and Canons Ecclesias- ticall 1604.
Copley (Anthony) 1567-1607 (?) ; A Fig for Fortune 1596,
CoTGRAVE (Randle) died 1634 (Vj ; A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues 1611 [cited as Cotgr.]; (anot her edition) Where - unto is also annexed, a diction- arie of the English set before the French by S[herwood] 1632 [cited as Sherwood].
Coverdale ("Miles) translator of the Bible 1488-1568.
CowELL (John) 1554-161J ; The Interpreter ; or Booke containing the signification of Words . , . mentioned in the Lawe-writei-s or Statutes 1607.
CuDWORTH (Ralph) 1617-88.
Daniel (Samuel) 1562-1619.
Day (John) ; The He of Gvls 1606.
Dictionary (A New) of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Cant- ing Crew. By B. E. Gent, aliout 1700.
Douglas (Gawin"^^ died 1522.
Drayton (Michael) 1563-1631 ; The Moone-Calfe 1627; Dowsabel 1593.
Dryden (John) 1631-1700.
Dymmok (John) ; A Treatice of Ire- land, about 1600.
Elyot (Sir Thomas) died 1546 ; The Dictionary of syr Thomas Eliot knyght 1538.
Evans (A. B. and S.); Leicestershire Words, Phrases and Proverbs 1881.
Fletcher (John) 1579-1625 ; The Woman hater 1607 ; The Spanish Curate, about 1622.
Florio (Jolm) died 1625 ; A Worlde of Wordes, or most copious and exact Dictionarie in Italian and Englishl598, (enlarged ed.) 1611.
FoxE (John) 1516-87 ; Actes and Monuments of these latter and perillous dayes 1563, 1570, &c. [known as' The Book of Martyrs '].
Fuller (Thomas) 1608-61 ; ' The Church-History of Britain 1655.
Gascoigne (George) died 1577 ; The delectable history of Dan Bartholomew of Bath 1572-5.
Gerarde (John) 1545-1612; The Herball, or generall liistorie of plantes 1597.
GoLDiNO (Arthur) died 1605 (?) ; The XV. Bookes of P. Ovidius Naso entytuled Metamorphosis, trans- lated oute of Latin into English meeter 1567.
Greene (Robert) died 1592 ; The Scottish Historie of James the fourth.
GuiLLiM (;John) 1565-1621 ; A Dis- play of Heraldrie 1610
Hall (Edward) died 1547; The Union of the two noble and illus- trate famelies of Lancastre and Yorke. [ = Hall's Chronicle.]
Hall (Joseph) 1574-1656 ; Virgide- miarum, sixe bookes of . . . satyrs 1597.
Harsnet (Samuel) 1561-1631 ; A Declaration of egregious Popish Impostures . . . vnder the pre- tence of casting out diuels 1603.
Harvey (Gabriel) 1550 (?)-1631.
Heslop (Oliver); Northumberland Words 1892-4.
Hey WOOD (John) died 1580 i,?) ; A Dialogue, conteyninge the num- ber in effccte of all the Proverbes in th(i Englishe tunge 1561.
AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED
HoccLEVE (Thomas) died 1450 (?).
HoLiNSHED (Raphael) died 1580 (?) ; Tlie Chronicles of Englande, Scot- lande, and Irelande 1577.
Holland (Philemon) 1552-1637 ; The Historie of the World, com- monly called the Naturall His- torie of C. PliniusSocundus 1601 ; The Philosophic, commonly call- ed the Morals, written by . . . Plutarch of Chteronea 1603.
Holme (Randle) 1627-99; The Acadeniy of Armory, or a store- house of armory and blazon 1688.
JoNsoN (Ben) 1573(?)-1637 ; Epi- grams, published 1616 and 1640.
Kyd (Thomas) 1558-94 ; The Trage- dle of Soliman and Perseda 1592.
Latham (Simon) flourished 1618 ; Lathams Falconry, or the Faul- cons Lure and Cure 1615-18.
Leland (John) died 1552 ; Itinera- rium [1534-43].
Lily (William) died 1522; Brevis- sima Institutio [Latin grammar].
Marlowe (Christopher) 1564-93 ; The Jew of Malta, about 1590; Tamburlaine 1587-8.
MiDDLETON (Thomas) died 1627 ; The Roaring Girle 1611.
Milton (John) 1608-74 ; Paradise Lost 1667,
MiNSHEu (John) flourished 1600- 17; 'H'ye/^wi' 6'S ras 'yKujaaa';, id est Ductor in Linguas, The Gvide into Tongves 1617.
More (Sir Thomas) 1478-1535.
Nashe (Thomas) 1567-1601.
North (Thomas) died 1601 (?) ; The Lives of the noble Grecians and Romanes, compared together by . . . Plutarehe of Chseronea : translated out of Greeke into French by J. Amyot, . . . Bishop of Auxerre . . . and out of French into Englishe by T. North 1579.
OvERBURY (Sir Thomas) 1581-1613.
Palsgrave (John) died 1554 ; Lesclarcissement de la Langiie Francoyse 1530. [French gram- mar and vocabulary ; cited as Palsgr.]
Peele (George) died 1597 (?) ; The
Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin tlie fair Greek.
Randolph (Thomas) 1605-35.
Ray (John) 1627-1705; A Collection of English Words not generally used ... in two Alphabetical Catalogues. The one of such as are proper to the Northern, the other to the Southern Counties 1674.
Rider (John) 1562-1632 ; Biblio- theca Scholastica, a double Dic- tionarie. Penned for all those that would have within short space the vise of the Latin Tongue, either to speake or write 1589.
Robyn Hode (A Lytell Geste of), about 1500.
Sherwood : see Cotgrave.
Skelton (John) died 1529 ; A . . . tratyse vpon a goodlj' Garlande or Chapelet of LauroU 1523; The boke of Phyllyp Sparowe.
Skinner (^Stephen) 1623-67 ; Ety- mologicon Linguae Anglicanaj 1671.
Smith (Sir Thomas) 1513-77 ; The Common Welth of England 1583.
Smyth (Sir John) 1534(?)-1607 ; Certain Discourses . . . concern- ing the formes and effects of diuers sorts of Weapons, and other verie imijortant matters Militarie 1590.
Spenser (Edmund) died 1599 ; The Faerie Queene 1590-6.
Steenhold (Thomas) and Hopkins (John) ; The whole booke of Psalmes collected into Englyshe Meter 1564.
Stow (John) died 1605 ; A breviat Chronicle contaynynge all the Kynges 1561.
STUBBEs(Philip) flourished 1581-93; The Anatomie of Abuses 1583.
Swetnam (Joseph) ; Swetnam the woman-hater, arraigned by wo- men 1620.
Torriano (Giovanni); Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese, a Dictionary Italian & English 1659.
Wright (Thomas) 1810-77 ; Diction, ary of obsolete and provincial English 1857.
§ 3. TEXT AND AKEANGEMENT OF THE QUOTATIONS.
The text used in the illustrative quotations is that of the Oxford Shake- speare, edited by W. J. Craig, except in a few instances wliei-e it has been set aside for some special reason. Where its numeration of act, scene, and line differs greatly from that of other widely used editions, a second reference is given within square brackets ; so that the Glossary is avail- able for all unabridged editions of the works.
Variant readings, and interpretations of particular quotations, are placed within round brackets ; words inserted to complete the sense within square brackets ; ' &c.' following a quotation reference indicates that more examples occur in the same play or poem.
Paraphrases of passages which are quoted very briefly or indicated by a reference only are sometimes given between inverted commas, e. g.
ADVANTAGE sb. 3.
§ 4. ABBKEVIATIONS OF TITLES OF PLAYS AND POEMS.
of
Ado = Much Ado about Nothing
AU'sW. = All's Well that Ends Well
Ant. = Antony and Cleopatra
Arg. = Argument
AYL.=As You Like It
Caes.= Julius Caesar
Chor. = Chorus
Compl. = A Lover's Complaint
Cor, = Coriolanus
Cym. = Cymbeline
Ded. = Dedication
Epil. = Epilogue
Err. = The Comedy of Errors
Gent. = The Two Gentlemen
Verona 1H4 =The First Part of
Henry IV 2H4=The Second Part of
Henry IV H5 =The Life of King Henry 1H6 = The First Part of
Henry VI 2H6 = The Second Part of
Henry VI 3H6=The Third Part of King
Henry VI HS = The Famous History of the
Life of King Henry VIII Ham. = Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Ind. = Induction John = The Life and Death of King
John
Kins.
Kins;
V
Kim
Kinj
LLL. = Love's Labour 'a Lost
Lr. =King Lear
Lucr. =The Rape of Lucrece
Mac. = Macbeth
Meas. = Measure for Measure
Mer.V. r-^The Merchant of Venice
MND. = A Midsummer-Night's
Dream 0th. = Othello, tlie Moor of Venice Per. = Pericles, Prince of Tyre Phoen. = The Phcenix and the
Turtle Pilgr. =The Passionate Pilgrim Pro!. = Prologue E2--The Tragedy of King Richard
II 113 -The Tragedy of King Richard
III Rom. = Romeo and Juliet Shr. =The Taming of the Shrew Sonn. — Sonnets Sonn. Music = Sonnets to Sundry
Notes of Music Tim. = Timon of Athens Tit. = Titus Andronicus Tp.^ The Tempest Troll. ^Troilus and Cressida Tw.N. = Twelfth-Night ; or, What
You Will Ven. = Venus and Adonis Wint. = The Winter's Tale Wiv. = The Merry Wives of Windsor
§ 5. ABBKEVIATIONS OF TECHNICAL TERMS.
absol. = absolute(ly), i.e. without some usual construction, as a verb without an object, an adjec- tive without a noun
adj. = adjective
adv. = adverb
advb. =advcrbial(ly)
app. = appai-ently
arch. = archaic
attrib. =attributive(ly)
c, cent. = century
cf. = confer, compare
comb. = in combination (with an- other noun)
comm. = commentators
comp. = compound
concr. = concrete
conj. = (1) conjecture(s , (2) conjunction
constr. =(1) construed with, (2) construction
corr. = corruption
Cotgr. = Cotgrave (see above, p.viii)
dial. — dialect(s), dialectal(ly;
e. g. = for example
edd.= editions
Eliz. = Elizabethan (see p. xii)
ellipt. =elliptical(ly)
esp. = especially
etym., etymol. = etymology, etymo- logical
exx.= examples
Fi,&c., Ff (seep, xii)
fig. = figurative(ly)
foil. = following
Fr. = French
freq. = frequent (ly)
gen. = genera l(ly)
i. c. = id est, that is
imper. = imperative
impers. = impersonal
interj. = interjection
intr. = intransitive
It. = Italian
J. = Johnson (soo above, ]>. vii)
\i. = Latin
lit.-literal(ly)
midl. = midland
mod. = modern
mod. edd. = modern editions (from
Rowe, 1709, onwards) obj. = object obs. = obsolete occas. =occasional(ly) O.Fr. = Old French orig. =original',ly) Palsgr. = Palsgrave (see above,
p. ix) pa. pple. =past participle pass. = passive pa. t.-=past tense phr. =phrase(s) pi. = plural
post-S. = post-Shakespearian ppl. adj. = participial adjective pple. = participle pre-Eliz. = pre-Elizabethan pre-S. = prc-Shakespearian prec. = preceding prop. = preposition prob. = probably Qi, &c., Qq (see p. xii) q. V. = quod vide, which see ref. = (,1) reference, (2) referred,
(3) referring roll. -= reflexive
S. = (l) Shakespeare, (2) Shake- spearian (see p. xii) sb. —substantive scil. = scilicet, that is to say sing. = singular spec. = specific(ally) s.v. ^ sub verbo, under the word syll. = syllablers) trans. = transitive transf. = in a transferred sense usu. =usual(ly; vb. = verb
vbl. sb. = verbal substantive viz. — videlicet, namely
§6. SIGNS, SYMBOLS, ETC.
# denotes a word, phrase, or passage the meaning of which is disputed.
Alternative explanations of these are arranged under letters
(a) (b) (c) ; see e.g. purely. •|- denotes a conjectural emendation, e.g. marishI" ; or a form of a word
substituted by modern editors for the form found in old editions,
e. g. STATUAf.
' placed after a vowel marks the Shakespearian stressing of the word in question ; e. g. aspe'ct ; u'nfelt, an/e'lt in the quotations s.v.
(S.), (Eliz.) placed immediately after a word or a definition mean that the word or the sense defined is peculiar to Shakespeare, character- istic of the Elizabethan period, respectively; (not pre-S."), (not pre-Eliz.) are used witli corresponding implication : (once), (twice) = occurs only once, twice, in Shakespeare.
In the introductory note (immediately following tlio headword) of articles in which two or more meanings are treated, the meanings are referred to by their numbers, and the remarks appropriate to each are placed after the respective number. Thus, when expanded, the note s. v. cabin vb. will read : With sense 1 com- pare sense 2 of the substantive cabin ; sense 2 has been echoed by modern Avriters. The note s. v. line sb.^ : Sense 1 involves a metaphor from angling; sense 7 is recorded only from Shake- speare.
Etymological statements are placed within square brackets. The term 'aphetic' is applied to a form produced by the loss of an unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word, e. g. lege, for ' allege '.
Fj, F.,, Fg, Ti^lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Folio edition (of lt)23, 1G32, 1663, 1685, respectively) ; Ff=all the Folio editions.
Qi) Qj> "-^c. = 1st, 2nd, &c. Quarto edition; Qq = all the Quarto editions of a particular play or poem.
The method of recording variants is illustrated by the following examples: couipnlsative (S.; Ff), compulsatory (,Qq) — means that the first form, which is peculiar to Shakespeaie, is the reading of the Folios ; the Quartos having the second form.
Ustsb.': ...0th. II. i. 10-i(Q, ; Qq,, FfZeawe)— means thatthe IstQuarto reads list, the 2nd and 3rd Quartos and all the Folios leaue.
uLiBttxil f (Ft mixtfuU) — means that mist/ul does not occur in any old
edition, all the Folios reading mixtfull. undlstingniislied ... 0 undistingnish'd (Qj Ff in-) space oftcomati's will! (Qq loit) — informs us that the old editions liave the following readings (minor differences of spelling being neglected): — Folios 0 indistinguisli'd space of woman s icill ; 1st Quarto 0 indistinguish'd space of icoman'' s toit ; 2nd and 3rd Quartos 0 undistinguish'd space of u^omans wit. Italic type is restricted to quotations from the text of Shakespeare. Small capitals are employed in referring from one article to another. An article immediately preceding or following is referred to as ' prec' or ' next '.
SHAKESPEARE GLOSSAEY
A-
— ABSOLUTE
a' : for ' )ia ' = lie, in mod. odd. usually a', or re- j placed by he Ham. ii. i. 58 There loas a (juming.
a- : for ' lia ' (q.v.) = have LLL. v. ii. 17, Ham. iv. V. 65.
a ■ (worii-down form of 'of and 'on', freq. in Ff | and Qq and retained in a few places in mod. j edd., but usually altered to o", c^\ or ow
1 = of Ado III. ii. 42 ft mornings, (Cf. a-days, a-
KIGHT.)
2 = on H5 IV. iii. 42 a tip-toe. (Cf. a-ueight, a-high.)
3 = in All'sW. II. i. ii Icept a coil. (Cf. a-piec£S.) | -a used, without affecting the meaning, to provide
an extra syllable in burlesque verse Wint. iv. ii. , 1:54, l:;ti[iii. 133,135], iv. iii. Sitiliv. •.',2-i]MgdttiHtii due/,, iHij datr-ii. Ham. iv. v. 170, i-c. [ii. 117.
aliandoned: banished, kept away /)0i/« Slir. Ind. I abase: to lower (.the eyes) 2H6 i. ii. 15, R3 i. ii.
1248 (Ff). abate U the usual sense; the corresponding intr. | sense ' decrease ' israi'e ; 2 is common Eliz. ; 3 l> are rare)
1 to lessen, shorten MND. ill. ii. 432 A. thy hours.'
2 to blunt, tig. 2H4 i. i. 117 his metul . . . once in him (ihidid, R3 V. iv. 48 Lv. 35] Abate the tdtn of traitors.
3 to deprive of Lr. 11. iv. 161 a-d inc of ludfing trai)i.
4 to bar, except LLL. v. ii. 545 .1. throw at uoviiiii, and the tihole itorld again Cannot pick onfjiie such.
5 to dei)reciate (a person) Cyni. i. iv. 78 / would abate her nothing.
6 to liumble Cor. iii. iii. 130 most Abated caiitiies. abatement (in sense 1 usu. legal nietaplior)
1 reduction, diminution Ham. iv. vii. 120 abate- ments and dilai/s, Lr. I. iv. 64, Cym. v. iv. 21.
2 depreciation of a person's character Tw.N. 1. i. 13. abhor (2 term of canon law = Latin ' detestor')
1 to liorrify, disgust Ham. v. i. 2o5(Ffi how abhorred my inmgination is, 0th. iv. ii. 162 It docs a. }ne.
2 to protest against H8 11. iv. 79 I ntlcrlif abhor, vea . . . lief Use you for myjiidge ; cf. Err. iii. ii. 165.
abhorred :" abominal)le (ireq.) John iv. ii. 224. abhorringf (rare ; • abhorrence ' is post-S.)
1 abhorrence, loathing Cor. l. i. \l\Jtatter hemuth a.
2 object of disgust Ant. v. ii. 60 hi the water-fiies Blow me into abhorrim/ : cf. 'an abhorring unto all tlesh' (Isaiah lxvi.'24i.
abide (.senses 'remain ' and 'endure' are common)
1 no more but a., make onlv a brief stav 'Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 100.
2 to face or encounter in fight MND. ni. ii. 422 A. me, if thou dar'st, 2H4 11. iii. 36, Cym. in. iv. 186.
3 esp.'with ' dear ' = abv MND. iii.' ii. 175 (Q.. Ffi, Caes. m. i. 94, ii. 120.
ability: wcaltli, means Tw.N. in. iv. 380, 2H4 i. iii. 45 ; cf. Ado IV. i. 201 .ibility in m(ans.
abject: adj. his abject object, the object of his con- tempt H8 I. i. 127. — sh. the queen's abjecls, the most servile of her subjects R3 i. i. 106.
abjectly: basely Tit. n. iii. 4 thinksof me so abjectly.
able adj. (1 occurs six times, 2 once)
1 strong, vigorous, active AU'sW. iv. v, 87, 2H4 i. i. 43, Ham. v. ii. 211.
2 talented, clever Sonn. Ixxxv. 7 titat able spirit. able vb. : to warrant, vouch for Lr. iv. vi. 173. abode sb. (1 and 2 now obs. ; 3 now chiefly in echoes
ofthe Bible; cf. ' We will. . . makeourabode witli him ' John xiv. 23)
1 waiting, delay Mer.V. n. vi. 21 my long abode,
2 temporary remaining, stay Cym. i. vi. 53.
3 make abode, to dwell, reside Gent. iv. iii. 23, Lr. I. i. 136.
abode vb. : to bode, forebode 3HG v. vi. 45, H8 1. i. 93. abodement : foreboding, omen 3H6 iv. vii. 13. abomination : sense of 'detestation ' not S.)
1 abominable tiling or act Ant. in. vi. 94 tnost large In his aboiiiiuatiuns, Lucr. 921, 1832.
2 abominableness Lucr. 704 Ere he can see his own a. abortive : adj. born prematuicly ; (hence) un- timely, unnatural, monstrous, lit. and tig. LLL. I. i. 104 (Oi a. birth, 2H6 iv. i. 60 this thy a. pride, R3 I. ii. 21, I. iii. 228. — sb. untimely or monstrous birtli John 111. iv. 158 Abortms. jin^fK/is.
aboiind : to be rich H8 1. i. 83 ; cf. I'liilippians iv. 18.
about : used imperativelv : get to work, bestir yourself! Wiv. v. v. 61,"2H4iii. ii. 305, C»s. in. ii. 209, Ham. ir. ii. 625.
about prep. : follows its nouii in Per. in. Gower 2 •Vo dill hnt snijris thi liousi abimt.
above: upstairs Wiv. iv. ii. 80, Err. 11. ii. 211, II i4 n. iv. 558.
Abraham Ciipid : ace ADA:si-f Cupid. [21.
abram: corruption of 'abron' = auburn Cor. n. iii.
abridge ./Vofi/ : to deprive of, debar from Mer.V. i. i. 127 t(j hi aliridi/'d Front such a nuble rate.
abridg'ement : means of shortening or whiling away t he time, pastime MND. v. i. 39 what abridge- ment have you for this evening?, Ham. n. ii. 448 look uhere my dbridgenuut comes [i.e. the players].
abroach: set abroach, to set on foot 2H4 iv. ii. 14, K3 I. iii. 325, Rom. i. i. 110.
abroad ^the following are the chief uses)
1 outside certain limits : (a) away or apart from one's own body or person 2H6 in." ii. 172 His hands abroad display'd, Cym. i. ii. 4, in. iv. 180, Compl. 137, 183 All my offences that abroad you see ; (b) away from one's home, out of one's house, in foreign lands Tp. in. i. 52, Caes. v. iii. 95, Ham. i. i. 161 then . . . no spirit can walk abroad.
2 about in the world, in public Meas. in. ii. 90, LLL. I. i. 187 There's lillany abroad, Rom. v. iii. IttO, 0th. I. iii. 393.
abrook: to brook, endure, bear 2H6 11. is'. 10. abruption : breaking off in speech Troil. in. ii. 68. absent: iihsint time, time of absence R2 11. iii. 79 ;
so ahsint hours 0th. in. iv. 173. absey-book, i.e. ABC-book : primer, hornbook
John I. i. 196 then comes answer like an ubsey-book. absolute (sense 3 is common in 17tli cent.) 1 free from imperfection, complete, finished, per-
ABSTRACT
I'ect Meas. v. i. 54, Ham. v. ii. 112 an absolitte (/ottlemaii, Per. iv. Gower 31.
2 unrestricted, unconditional 2H4 iv. 1. 18*5, Cor. III. i. 115 Thowjh there the people lind more a. poiitr.
3 positive, perfectly certain, decided Meas. in. i. 5, Cor. III. i. 89 mark tjou his absolute ' shall ' /, Cym. IV. ii. 106.
abstract (3 and 4 are peculiar to S.)
1 epitome (of something greater), compendium (of many qualities) John ii. i. 101, Ant. i. iv. 9 the eihstract of all faults.
2 summary account R3 iv. iv. 28, Ham. ii. ii. 555 abstretds and brief chronicles of the time.
3 summary proceeding All'sW. iv. iii. 100 nn ab- stract of success. Ant. in. vi. 61 (obstruct i).
4 short catalogue or inventory Wiv. iv. ii. 65. abuse sb. (1 and 2 were common Eliz., now obs.)
1 ill-usage, injury, wrong, insult, offence, crime Wiv. V. iii. 9, Meas. v. i. 241, 3H6 in. iii. 188 the abuse done to my niece, Rom. iii. i. 199, Sonn. cxxxiv. 12 throuf/h my unkind abuse.
2 imposture, deception, delusion Ham. rv. vii.50 Or is it some a. and no such thing ? (Cf. Self-abuse.)
3 corrupt practice Meas. ii. i. 43, C«s. ir. i. 115 the time's abuse, Ven. 792.
4 injurious speaking, reviling 2H4 ii. iv. 341 ; pi. (obs.) Meas. v. i. 342 his treasonable abuses.
abuse vb. (precise meaning often doubtful ; in many examples two or more senses are blended)
1 to impose upon, cheat, deceive Ado v. ii. 104. Ham. II. ii. &i0, Lr. iv. i. 22 thy abi'scd father's wrath, rv. vii. 77, Cym. i. iv. 129.
2 to ill-use, maltreat, do violence to Wiv. i. i. 3, Err. V. i. 199, R3 i. iii. 52 his simple truth must be a-d, Rom. iv. i. 29, Lr. iv. vii. 15, Sonn. xlii. 7.
3 to insult Ant. v. ii. 43, Cym. il. iii. 154. |v. 41.
4 to disgrace, dishonour Wiv. ii. ii. 310, IHO iv.
5 to malign, revile Tim. ii. ii. 48, 0th. v. i. 123. abuser : corrupterOth. i. ii. ISabuserofthe icorld. aby : to pay the penalty for, atone forMND. iii. ii.
175 (Q._, Ff abide), 335 (Ff abide). abysm (orig. fonn 'abime'; rliymes with 'time' as late as 1616)
1 bottomless pit Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 147 abysmofhell.
2 profound chasm or gulf (fig.) Tp. i. ii. 50 ubysm of time, Sonn. cxii. 9.
academe : academy, philosophical school LLL. i.
i. 13, IV. iii. 30.3. accent (1 first in S., as also the senses 'peeuliin-
mode of utterance ' A YL. in. ii. 363, ' metrical
stress' LLL. iv. ii. 125)
1 word, speech, language John v. vi. 14 emy accent breaking from thy tongue, 1H4 i. i. 3, Rom. il. iv. 31, Caes. III. i. 113 7n . . . accents yet unknoini , Lucr. .jOO.
2 second accent, echo H5 ii. iv. 126. accept: accepted (as decisive) H5 v. ii. 82. accidence : rudiments of (Latin) grammar Wiv.
IV. i. 18. accident : occurrence, incident, event Tp. v. i. 305
the particular accidents gone by , Ado ii. i. 190, Ham.
III. ii. 211. accite (1 common 1500-1680 ; 2 used by Ben Joiison)
1 to summon, cite 2H4 v. ii. 141, Tit. i. i. 27.
2 used for ' excite ' 2H4 ii. ii. 67 (Ff 3 \ cvcites). accommodate (rare ; 1 first in S.)
1 to furnisli, t(|ui!i 2H4 in. ii. 73. Lr. iv. vi. 82.
2 pa. pi'lc. favijund Cym. v. iii. 32 A-d by the place. accommodation (Ben Jonson in his 'Discoveries'
speaks of : the perfumed terms of the time, as 'accommodation', 'complement", ' spirit ', &c.)
1 provision, entertainment 0th. i. iii. 230 such a. eind hesort As lerels n<ith her breeeling.
2 pi. conveniences, comforts Meas. iii. i. 14 all ih' accommodations that thou bear'st.
- ACTOR
accomplice : comrade in arms 1H6 v. ii. 9. accomplish mot very freq. ; sense 2 only S.)
1 to equip perfectly Mer.'V. iii. iv. 61, R2 n. i. IIS Anouiplislid nilh the number of thy hours (= ot the same age as thou), H5 iv. Clior. 12 The armourers, accomplishing the knights.
2 to gain, obtain 3116 in. ii. 152 to accomplish tuenty (jolden croirns.
accord sb. : (' at a." is Chaucerian ; 2 not post-S.)
1 harmony, concord Shr. in. i. 74, H5 v. ii. 381 : AYL. I. i. ^'■J at accord ( = iii agreement).
2 assent, consent Err. 11. i. 'lo, H5 v. ii. 71, Ham. I. ii. 123 ; Troll, i. iii. 238 .lace's accord, with. Jove, i.e. lieaven, on their side.
accord vb. : to agree, assent AYL. v. iv, 140, Rom. I. ii. 19 iny consent and fair according roic( .
accordant: agreeing, consenting Ado. i. ii. 16.
accosting t : see coasting.
accountant : liable to give an account, account- able Meas. II. iv. 87, 0th. 11. i. 305 accountant for Ks great « sin.
acctise : accusation 2H6 in. i. 160 By false accuse.
acerb : sour and bitter 0th. i. iii. 355 (Qi only).
aclie sb. : pronounced ' aitcli " like the letter H (cf. Ado in. iv. 55) ; hence pi. aches is of two syllables (Tp. i. ii. 370). [edd.
ache vb. : pronounced ' ake ' and so spelt in orig.
Acheron : river of the infernal regions, app. supposed by S. to be a lake Tit. iv. iii. 44.
achieve (freq. in sense 1 ; rare in 2 and 3)
1 to gain, obtain AH'sW. i. i. 53, Cor. i. ix. 33, ,Sonn. Ixvii. 3.
2 to make an end of, kill (Fr. achever) H5 iv. iii. 91.
3 to accomplish one's purpose Cor. iv. vii. 23. achievement: acquisition 2H4 iv. v. 188, Troll.
I. ii. 317, IV. ii. 72.
achiever : winner, victor Ado i. i. 0.
Achilles' spear: the rust from which cured The wcmnded Telephus 2H6 v. i. 100.
Achitophel: Absalom's counsellor (2 Samuel xv.), 2H4 I. ii. 39. [iii. 320.
acknown : be a. on, confess knowledge of Otii. lu.
a-cold: cold Lr. in. iv. 57 Tom's a-cold.
aconitum : poisonous extract of the plant wolf's- bane or monk's-hood, Aconitum Xapellus 2H4 IV. iv. 48.
acquit (tlie foil, are the rarer meanings in S.)
1 to atone for Lucr. 1071 Till life to eleath acquit my forc'el offence.
2 to repay, rc<|uite Mer.V. v. i. 138, H5 n. ii. 144.
3 pa. iiplf. acquit of, rid of Wiv. i. iii. 25. acqiiittance ^h. (rare ; a doubtful instance occurs
in titli. IV. ii. 193; Q] only, i\\>iXQ^\, acquaintance)
1 writing in evidence of a discharge LLL. 11. i. 160 ac<{uitleinces Forsuch a sum, Cym. v. iv. 174.
2 discharge, acquittal Ham. iv. vii. 1. acquittance vb.: to acquit, clear R3 in. vii. 231. across: crossed, folded Caes. 11. i. 240 nith your
eirms across, Liicr. 1062. act sb. (S. has several ordinary uses : earliest known example of ' act ' of a play H8 Epil. 3).
1 performance, action, operation, execution Mer.V. 1. iii. 84, All'sW. i. ii. 30, John 111. i. 274, H8 in. ii. 183 tJie honour nf it hoes paij the ewt of it.
2 event Oth. v. ii. 370 This hcai'ij act.
act vb.: to put ill action 2HG v, i. 103 toa. controlling
lairs. Rom. III. ii. 16, Ant. v. ii. 45. action: gesture, gesticulation Shr. Ind. i. 132,
Cajs. III. ii. 226 .4., nor utt(ranii. nor tin pniier of
speech. Mac. v. i. 31, Ham. in. ii. 20, Lucr. 1403. action-taking': litigious, seeking satisfaction at
law I.1-. n. ii. IS action-taking knave. actor: doer Jleas. II. ii. 37 Condemn th$ fault, and
not the actor of it.', All'sW. n. iii. 29, Lucr. 008.
ACTUAI. -
actual : consisting in action, active Mac. v. i. 13 )ar imlliiiui and ullicr acttud performances, 0th. iv. ii. 153 of tlioiiglif or acfmil (hril.
acture : action, pertuiinaucc Compl. 185.
Adam {'2 ' bufl' ' was useil toi- ' the naked skin ')
1 the offending Adam, the Old Adam, H5 i. i. 29.
2 the picture of old Adam, (jocularly for) the bailiff's officer, who wore bulf (like Adam) Err. iv. iii. 13.
3 = Adam Bell, a fainuus arcliir Ado i. i. 269 [261]. Kenct; Ada mi Ciijiid i.e. tujiid the Archer, Kom. II. i. 13, for orig. Abraham VniUd (whicli has not been satisfactorily explained).
adamant : stone or mineral of excessive hardness 1H() I. iv. 52; identified with the loadstone or magnet MND. li. i. 105, Troil. iii. ii. 186 as turtle /o her mate, As iron to adamant.
a-days (mod. edd. e/ daijn) : 2H4 ii. iv. 250, Tim. iv. iii. 293.
addiction : inclination, bent H5 1. i. 54, 0th. ii. ii. G.
addition (the ordinary uses occur; 1 is frcq. ; 2 and 3 rare)
1 .something added to a man's name to denote his rank, &c. ; title, style of address ; mark of dis- tinction ; Wiv. II. ii. 'MH devils' additions, All'sW. II. iii. 134, Cor. i. ix. 66, Mac. in. i. 106 (cf. sense .3), Ham. i. iv. 20, Lr. i. i. 138 The name and all th' addition to a kinr/, ii. ii. 26, Otli. iv. i. 105.
2 something added to a coat of arms as a mark of honinir Troil. iv. v. 140. [20.
3 puriicular a-s, distinctive attributes Troil. i. ii. address (most freq. in sense 2 ; 3 and 4 are rare)
1 to direct LLL. v. ii. 92, MND. ii. ii. 14.3, Tw.N. i. iv. 15 address thij r/ait iinto her.
2 to prepare, make ready MND. v. i. 106, Mer.V. II. ix. 19, H5 III. iii. 58 To-morrow for the march arc lie addrest, Caes. in. i. 29, Ham.i. ii. 216 it. , . did iiddriss Itself to motion.
3 to get oneself ready Troil iv. iv. 146 Let us address to tend OH Hector's heels.
4 to make one's speech Lr. i. i. 193.
adhere: to hang together, agree Wiv. ii. i. 63,
Mac. I. vii. 52 Xor time nor place Did then adhere. adjunct (not pre-Eliz.) adj. connected, annexed John in. iii. 57, Ronn.
xci. 5 ererij humour liatli his adjiinti jilmsiirc. sb. something annexed LLL. iv. iii. 314 liarnin//
is hutan a. ti> ourself ; pei'son in attendance Sonn.
cxxii. 13 To keep an a. to remember thee. admirable : to be wondered at, wonderful MND.
V. i. 27 strani/e and admirable. [x. 2].
admiral: flagship 1H4 in. iii. 28, Ant. in. viii. 12 admiration (the foil, are occasional uses)
1 quality of exciting wonder or approbation, ad- niirableness Tp. in. i. 38.
2 object of wonder, marvel All'sW. ii. i. 91.
3 note of admiration, the sign ! Wint. v. ii. 12. adxaire (rare use) : to wonder (.at) Tp. v. i. 154,
Tw.N. in. iv. 167 nor admire not in thy mind, why I do cull thcr so. adm.ired (1 <f. unavoided = inevitable)
1 admirable Tp. in. i. 37, Ant. n. ii. 125.
2 wonderful Mac. in. iv. 110 With most a. disorder. admittance: acceptance, sanction; (hence) vogue,
lashiun Wiv. in. iii. 61 ; n. ii. 240 of great ad- mittance {= in high favour).
adoptedly : by adoption Meas. i. iv. 47 Adoptedly ; as schciol-maids change their names.
adoptions Christendoms : christenings of adopted children All's W. i. i. 190^
advance : to raise, lift up Tp. i. ii. 405, H5 v. Prol. 44, K3i. ii. 40.4. thulialberd higher than my breast, Rom. n. iii. 5. 'J TIic many passages in which flags and standards are said to be ' advanced ' may bear this meaning.
— APPECT
advantage sb. (sense ' profit, benefit ' is frcq. with phr. nailce or take a. of, rarely on Yen. 405) ; also 'advantageous or favourable position ')
1 favourable opportunity, chance Tp. in. iii. 13 The next a. Will we take, Oth. i. iii. 299, n. i. 249, Yen. 129 ; 3H6 in. ii. 192 /o»- adiantages ( = as it serves my convenience ; cf. (Joinpl. 123) ; Oth. in. iii. 312 to the (idrantage (= opportunely).
2 pecuniary profit, interest on money Mer.V. i. iii. 71 neither lend nor borrow L'pon adiantagc ; tig. John in. iii. 22.
3 with advantages Uh iv. iii. 50 ('his story will lose nothing in the telling').
advantage vb. (l the trans, sense is more freq.)
1 to be of benefit Tp. i. i. 36 our own doth little a.
2 to augment R3 iv. iv. 324 Adcantaging their loan Kiich interest.
adyantag°eable : profitable, advantageous H5 v.
ii. 88 aiiiiinltigiiible for our dignity. advantageous care: anxiety to obtain a position
of advantage Troil. v. iv. 23. adventure sb.: hazard, chance Wint. v. i. 156,
John V. v. 22 ; at all adventures, at all hazards,
whatever may be the consequences Err. ii. ii.
220, H5 IV. i. 12.3. adventure vb.: to venture Wint. i. ii. 38, R3 i.
iii. lit'.. Rom. ii. ii. 84, v. iii. 11, Cym. in. iv. 1,56. adversity: perverse one, quibbler Troil. v. i. 14. adve'rtise: to inform, instruct Meas. i. i. 41 " o/(c
that can my part in him advertise, 31lr, v. iii. IS,
H8 n. iv. i7<) he might the king . . . ndtniisc. advertisement (stressed always on the second
syllable)
1 information 1H4 in. ii. 172 this a. is five days old.
2 advice, counsel Ado v. i. 32, All'sW. iv. iii. 240 an ad,(rtisiment ...to take heed, 1H4 iv. i. 36.
adve'rtising : attentive Meas. v. i. 384 Advertising
and liol/i to your husiiiess. advice: consideration, deliberation, consultation
Gent. II. iv. 208, Mer.V. iv. ii. 6, Shr. i. i. IIO,
John in. iv. 11, H5 ii. ii. 43 on his more advice
(= after maturer reflection). advise (' to counsel ' is the commonest sense ; cf.
ADVISED 2)
1 reH. and intr. to bethink oneself, consider Tw.N. IV. ii. 104, H5 III. vi. 171, Rom. in. v. 192, Lr. ii. i. 29 Advise yourself.
2 to inform, apprise Gent. in. i. 122, All'.sW. nr. v. 26, H5 II. Chor. 12 advis'd by good intelligence, H8
I. ii. 107 I shall anon advise you Further. advised (see also well-advised)
1 considerate, deliberate, cautious, well-considered Mer.V. I. i. 143 n<ith more advised watch. Joliii iv. ii. 214, R2 I. iii. 188, H5 i. ii. 179 The advised head defends itself.
2 be advised, take good advice, take care, be cautious LLL. IV. iii. 368, H8 i. i. 139, Oth. i. ii. 55.
3 art thou not ftdvistd, art thou unaware? Shi-, i. i. 190 ; so 2H4 i. i. 172, 2H6 ii. i. 47 ; / am etdriscd, I know very well Err. v. i. 214. |122.
advocation : pleading of an advocate Oth. in. iv.
sedile : magistrate in ancient Rome who liad tlie superintendence ol public ))nildiiigs, police, &c. Cor. III. i. 173, &c.
aerial: of the atmosphere oth. ii. i. 39 (Ff eriall).
aerie: nest, or (esp. in S.) brood of a bird of prey, and particularly of hawks John v. ii. 149, R3"i. iii. 264 ; Ham. n. ii. 362 aerie of children (with reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal and St. Paul's, who acted plays).
afar oflF: remotely, indirectly Wiv. i. i. 215, Wint.
II. i. 103.
affect sb. (both senses were in common Eliz. use) 1 kind feeling, affection R2 i. iv. 30.
APFECT— <
2 disposition, tendency LLL i. i. 150, Otli. i. iii. 265 the young affects ( = youthful inclinations). affect vb.' (2 by far tlie commonest sense ; 4 only once)
1 to aim at, aspire to Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 4:i3, 2H6 iv. vii. 103, Cor. in. iii. 1 affects Tyrunnkul jioner, iv. vi. 32.
2 to be fond of, love Tw.N. n. v. 28, Lr. i. i. 1.
\i to be inclined Ant. i. iii. 71 making peace or war
As tliou affect' st. 4 to assume the character of, imitate Jolin i. i. 86 Tlie accent of Ill's towjuc aff'ectith him. aflfect vb.- : to act upon contagiously, as a disease
Troil. II. ii. 59 wh((t mprtiiiasty itself affects. affiected (the mod. sense ■ full of aflectation ' occurs once LLL. v. i. 15)
1 disposed, inclined Gent. i. iii. 60, Slir. i. i. 26 in all aff'ected as yourself, Lr. ii. i. 100 ill affected.
2 in love LLL. ii. i. 230 that which we loi'ers entitle affected, Ven. 157.
afiie'ctedly : lovingly Compl. 48. [145.
affecting': using allectation, affected Wiv. ii. i. afifection sb. (tlie usual S. sense is the ordinary one of ' love ' ; 4 is rare)
1 emotion, feeling, esp. pi. LLL. i. i. 9, Mer.V. i. i. 16, Cses. II. i. 20 when his affections sway'd More tlian Ii is reason.
2 mental tendency, natural disposition Mer.V. i. ii. 37, Mac. iv. iii. 77 my most ill-compos'd aff'ection.
3 state of mind towards a thing, bent, inclination, wish Tp. I. ii. 478 My affections Are then most humble, Ado ii. ii. 7 whatsoever comes athwart his iiffutioii, LLL. V. i. 95, Cor. i. i. 109.
4 atfeitation LLL. v. ii. 408, Ham. ii. ii. 473 (Qq). affection vl>. : to have affection for Wiv. i. i. 234. affectioned * : (a) full of affectation ; (b) self- willed, obstinate Tw.N. ii. iii. 162.
affeer : to confirm Mac. tv. iii. 34 The title is affeerUJ. affiance : confidence H5 ii. ii. 127, Cym. i. vi. 163. affianced : betrothed Meas. m. i. 221 affianced to
h(r by oatli. affined (sense 2 is only S.) [all affin'd and kin.
1 related Troil. i. iii. 25 The wise and fool . . . seem
2 bound 0th. i. i. 39 Whe'r I . . . am affin'd To lore the Moor.
affirm: to maintain (a statement) H5 v. ii. 117, Lr.
II. ii. 83, affray : to frighten away Rom. in. v. 33. [87.
affront sb. : gaee tk' a., made the stand Cym. v. iii. affront vb. (the precise sense in passages under 2
and 3 is doubtful)
1 to meet, accost Ham. in. i. 31 That he . . . may here Aff'ront Ojihelia.
2 to face, encounter Wint. v. i. 75, Cym. iv. iii. 29.
3 to confront ; meet, respond to Troil. iir. ii. 173. affy (both senses were in gen. use till 1650)
1 to tru.st in Tit. i. i. 47 I do affy In thy npriyhluess.
2 to l)etroth 2H6 iv. i. 80.
a-front: abreast 1H4 ii. iv. 226 /oi»- came all a. after (unusual applications of common meanings)
1 according to Tp. n. ii. 79 after the irisest { = in the wisest fashion).
2 at the rate of Meas. n. i. 261.
after- in comb.: = later, subsequent, future ; afler- dibts All'sW. IV. iii. 256, -hours E3 iv. iv. 294, -inquiry Cym. v. iv. 187, -loss Sonn. xc. 4, -lure Gent. in. i. 95, -meetinyCov. ii. ii. 44, -nourishmiiit Per. I. ii. 13, -times 2H4 iv. ii. 51, -wrath Ant. v. ii. 2S'i.
after-dinner: time following dinner, afternoon Meas. HI. i. 33, Troil. n. iii. 122.
after-eye: to look after Cym. i. iii. 16 left To iiflir-eye him. [i. 34.
after-supper: late sijiiper, rere-supper MND, v.
-AlB
ag°ain (sense 2 arose first with vbs. like ' ring ' : cf. Mac. V. iii. 54//((; iC>vy(c/(0, That should applaud a.)
1 back AYL. m. v. 132 why I answer'd not arjaiti, Shr. n. i. 217 come ai/ain. Good Kate, Cym. iv. iii. 1, Sonn. Ixxix. 8 pays ii tine again.
2 used to indicate intensity of action Mer.V. in. ii. 2114 II Oiling here until I siveat again, 2H6 iv. i. 78 sliitll hiss at thee again.
against (see also the aplietic form 'gainst)
1 exposed to Sonn. Ixxiii. 3 those boughs which shake against the cold.
2 in expectation of, in time for AYL. iv. i. 158, Troil. I. ii. 189, Rom. iv. ii. 47, Ham. ii. ii. 513 0.5 we often sec, a. some storm, A silence in the lieaiens.
3 as conj.: in expectation of the time when, by the time that MND. in. ii. 99 against she do appear, Shr. IV. iv. 104.
ag'ate : iise<l fig. in allusion to the small figures cut in agates for seals Ado in. i. 65, 2H4 i. ii. 18 I was iirier iiiinniiil with an agate till now; so agate- Stone l»oni. I. iv. 56.
agaz'd : astounded, amazed 1H6 i. i. 126 stood a.
Agenor : father of Europa Shr. i. i. 172.
aggravate (S. has only two out of many contem- porary uses)
1 to increase Sonn. cxlvi. 10 to aggravate thy store.
2 to make worse Wiv. 11. ii. 301, R2 i. i. i'i'themore
to ilgi/l-iliil/e till IKilt .
aglet-baby : un binall figure carved on the tag of
a lace ; (h) doll or ' baby ' decked with aglets or
tags Shr. i. ii. 79. agnize : to acknowledge, confess 0th. i. iii. 232. agood : in good earnest Gent. iv. iv. 172 / made her
11(1 ji iigood. ague : malarial fever Ca;s. 11. ii. 113 that same ague
iihiili hath wade yon lean ; fit of shivering Mer.V.
I. i. 23 My wind . . . Would blow me to an ague. a-height : on liigh Lr. iv. vi. 59 Look iip a-height. a-higli : aloft R3 iv. iv. 86 One lieav'd a-high. a-hold : close to the wind Tp. i. i. 54 Lay iter a., a. ! aidance : assistance, aid 2H6 in. ii. 165 /o>- aidance
'gainst the enemy, A'en. 330. aidant: helpful Lr. iv. iv. 17 aidant.. la the good
mini's distress. aim sb. (3 meaning doubtful ; some interpret ' let
me liave space or scope ')
1 mark, butt Meas. i. iii. 5, R3 iv. iv. 90 To he the aim of II try dangerous shot, H8 v. iii. 118 ; gate aim to, was tlie object of Gent. v. iv. 101 her that gate aim to all thy oaths.
2 conjecture, guess C»s. i. ii. 162 'What you would work nte to, 1 have some aim.
'igite aim, to guide (a person) in his aim by in- forming; him of the result of a preceding shot ; fig. to lielj) Tit. V. iii. \i^ give me aim awhile*.
4 cry aim, to encourage archei-s by crying ' Aim ! ' wlientheywereaboutto shoot, (hence) to applaud John II. i. 196.
aim. vb. (S. lias also the ordinary sense ' direct a weapon ' witli its fig. derivatives)
1 to guess, conjecture 2H6 11. iv. 58 ihon aiinesf all awry, R3 i. iii. 65, Ham. iv. v. 9 they aim at it.
2 to mean, intend Err. in. ii. 66 (aimf. Ft am). air sb. (senses 2, 3, and 4 become common after S.,
as also the sense of ' tunc ' MND. i. i. 183)
1 breath Wint. v. iii. 78 There is an air comes from her, 2H6 in. ii. 371* catch the air.
2 take air, (of a plan) to get abroad Tw.N. iii. iv. 147 lest the device take air.
3 manner, style Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 758 the air of the court, Tim. v. i. 26 I'romising is the very air 0' the time. '
4 mien, demeanour Wint. v. i. 128 Your father's image. .His very air.
AIR- ;
air vb. (1 is now associatoJ with ' to put on airs ')
1 to wear openly, expose to public view Cym. ii. iv. 96 to air this jewel.
2 aind abroad*, exposed to the airs of foreign lands Wint. IV. i. [ii.] 6.
Ajax : son of Telamon (2H() v. i. 26), one of the Greek heroes in the Trojan war, taken as tlie type of the dull-witted warrior (Lr. u. ii. 132 ; cf. Troil. II. i. 1-69J : with pun on 'a jakes ' LLL. V. ii. 578.
alarm, alarum sb. (diiferentiated spellings of the same word, used indiscriminately in the old edd., but in mod. edd. ulavam is usu. appropri- ated to 1 and 2, and alarm to 'i, 4, and 5)
1 the cry or signal ' allarmo ' (to arras) 2116 v. ii. ?, R3 IV. iv. 149 strike alarum, drums J
2 ca-lltoarmsRSi. irl Oar skrHal<uiims(QiaIarmcs); flg. 0th. II. iii. 27 an alaram to loir.
3 loud noise, disturbance Shr. i. i. 130 (Fi alarum), K2 I. i. 205 these hone alarms.
4 sudden attack, suipriso Mac. v. ii. 4 the <jrim alarm (Fx alarme). Van. 424.
5 state of surprise or excitement mingled with fear Ham. ii. ii. 640 in the alarm of fear (Fj alarum, Qq alarme).
alarum, vb. : to call to arms (fig.), rouse to action
Mac. II. i. 53, Lr. ll. i. 55. alarum-bell : bell rung as a signal of danger
Mac. II. iii. 81. (Cf. 'lakum bell.) alate : Lr. i. iv. 211 (Qq) ; Ff and mod edd. of late. albeit : usu. disyllabic, is trisyllabic in John
V. ii. 9. alchemy : transmutation of base metals into gold
Sonn. xxxiii. 4 (fig.). Alcides: Hercules Mer.V. ii. i. 35. alderliefest : dearest of all 2H6 i. i. 28 mine al-
dtrliifrst SOI ( re 11/ II.. Alecto : one of the Furies 2H4 v.v. 40 fell A' s snake. ale-washed : ' drowned ' in ale 115 in. vi. 85 alc-
ivashed irits. alien: adj. belonging to others Sunn. Ixxviii. 3
eicrij alien pen; sb. stranger 1114 in. ii. 34 an
alien to the hearts Of all tlie court. a-life : dearly Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 263 7/om a ballad in
print a-life (most mod. edd. read o' life). alig'ht : for ' alight from ' Ven. 13 to a. thy steed. all: sb. alloiu-, of us all >Tohn iv. ii. 102, Cor. iv. vi.
34. — adj. any whatever Mac. in. ii. 11 Thini/s wilh-
mtt all remedy. — adv. only, exclusively All'sW.
III. ii. 71, Lr. i. i. 102, Sonn. Ixxvi. 5.— all too, al- together too 2H4 V. ii. 24.— conj. although R3 iv.
iv. 226 Thy head, all indirectly, gate direction, all- in comb. :
1 (objective) nll-buildinr/ Meas. n. iv. 95, -cheeriiu/ Rom. I. i. 139, -hidim/ Lucr. 801, -oblivious Sonn. Iv. 9, -secinyTm ii. i. 83, -seer v. i. 20, -teliinn LLL. 11. i. 21.
2 = ' wholly, completely ', sometimes assuming an instrumental relation = 'by all', all-nlihomd 1H4 v. i. 16, -disgraced Ant. in. x. [xii.] 22, -licensed Lr. i. iv. 223, -o6r //»(//(= obeyed ; cf. UNRECALLiNG) Ant. III. xi. [xiii.] 77, -worthy Cym. III. V. 94 ; all-watched (= tliat has all been spent in watches) H6 iv. Chor. 38.
all-amort [Fr. a la mort ' to death '] : ' sick to death,' dispirited, dejected Shr. iv. iii. 36, 1H6 HI. ii. 124.
allay sb. : means of abatement Wint. rv. i. [ii.] 9 to irhoxefeelin/i sorrows I might be some allay ; so allay ment "Troil. iv. iv. 8, Cym. i. v. 22.
allaying: diluting Cor. ii. i. 53 not a drop of allin/infi Tiber.
allegiant: giving allegiance, loyal H8 in. ii. 177 ulleyiant thanks.
- AMEBCE
All-Hallond eve : eve of All Saints' Day, Meas.
II. i. 135. AU-Hallowmass : Nov. 1st, Wiv.
I. i. 211 All-J/iilhjwn„iss 1, 1st, a f.ehii.jhl before Michaelmas. All-Hallown summer, spell of fine weather in the late autuiun ; tig. vigour lasting on into later life 1H4 i. ii. 177.
all hid: children's cry at the game of hide-and- seek or blindman's-buff LLL. iv. iii. 78.
alliance : marriage Ado n. i. 332, Rom. ii. iii. 91.
allied : related, connected Gent. iv. i. 49, Meas.
III. ii. Ill the vice is of a great kindred ; it is ivella. allot: to appoint 1H6 v. iii. 55 Thou art allotted to
he ta'en by me, allottery: share, portion AYL. i. i. 78 the poor
(illottery my father left vie. allow (the foil, are the less common S. uses)
1 to approve, .sanction, license Tw.N. i. ii. 57, I. v. 100 an allowed fool, Tim. v. i. 167 Allowed wilh absolute power, Lr. n. iv. 194.
2 to grant, admit 2H4 i. iii. 5, Lucr. 1845 ; also with o/Tw.N. IV. ii. 64 ere 1 will a. of thy wits.
3 to assign as one's due Mer.V. iv. i. 304 the law allows it [the pound of flesh].
4 refl. to lend itself Lr. ui. vii. 105 his roguish madness Allows itself to any thing.
allowance : admission or acknowledgement of a claim Troil. i. iii. 377, Ham. in. ii. 32 in your allowance, 0th. ii. i. 49.
all-thing: in every way Mac. in. i. 13 all-thing unbecoming.
ally (cf. allied) : kinsman, relative AYL. v. iv. 196, Rom. III. i. 115.
allycholly : corr. of ' mallycholly ', old form of 'melancholy' Gent. iv. ii. '28, Wiv. i. iv. 160.
Almain : German 0th. u. iii. 87.
almost : used to intensify a rhetorical question .Julm IV. iii. 43. Tf A16th-18th cent. use.
alms-basket: to live on the alms-basket., to live upon l)ublic charity LLL. v. i. 42.
alms-deed : act of charity 3H6 v. v. 79 murder is thy iilms-deed.
alms-drink: remains of liquor reserved for alms- folk, leavings Ant. n. vii. 5.
alms-man : man supported by alms, beadsman R2 III. iii. H'i an alms-man's gown.
alone : having no equal, unique Gent. ii. iv. 168 She is a., Ant. iv. vi. 30 a. the villain of the earth.
alter : to exchange Tw.N. ii. v. 173 She that would alter services with thee.
amain : with full force or speed Tp. iv. 1. 74, her peacocks fly amain, Troil. v. viii. 13 cry you all a.
amaze sb. : extreme astonishment LLL. ii. i. '244.
amaze vb. : to bewilder, perplex John iv. iii. 140 / am a ma id . . . and lose my way, Ven. 684.
amazement: bewilderment, perplexity, distrac- tion, frenzy Meas. iv. ii. '220, John v. i. 35, Troil. V. iii. 85, Ham. in. iv. Ill amazement on thy mother sits. ^ The mod. sense of ' ovei-whelniing wonder' occurs, e.g. Ham. in. ii. 346.
Amazonian : resembling an Amazon or female warrior 3H6 1. iv. 114, Cor. n. ii. 96 his Amazonian chin (' beardless ').
ambition: object of strong desire Ham. in. iii. .55 3Iy crown, mitie own ambition, and my r/uien.
ambuscado: ambush Rom. i. iv. 85.
amend (<f. the much more freq. mend)
1 to correct, reform, improve LLL. iv. iii. 76 Ood amend us, 1H4 in. i. 179, 2H4 1. ii. 143 ; to repair, mend Cor. iv. vii. 12 I must excuse What cannot be amended.
2 to become better, recover Tp. v. i. 115 Th' afflic- tion of my mind amends, Tw.N. i. v. 53.
amerce: to punish Rom. in. i. 196 I'll amerce you Willi, so strong ajine.
2
AMES-ACES -
ANTIC
ames-aces: two aces, the lowest possible throw
at dice All'sW. ii. iii. 85. amiable (2 the commou use in S."s time ; the
mod. sense is later)
1 of love Wiv. II. ii. 248 an umiaUe nieye, Ado in. iii. 160 tltis amiable encounter.
2 lovable, lovely Ado v. iv. 48, MND. iv i. 2 thy muiablc cheeks, Shr. V. ii. 142, 0th. in. iv. 60.
amiss (thrice only in S. , and somewhat rare other- wise ; cf. MISS sb.)
1 misdeed, fault Sonn. xxsv. 7 Myself corrupfimj, sahhw thy amiss, cli. 3.
2 calamity Ham. iv. v. 18 prologue to some great a. am.ong°: eeer among, all the while 2H4 v. iii. 22
And ever among so iiurrily. am.ort : see all-amort. ample : fully, completely All'sW. m. v. 43, Tim.
I. ii. 138 how ample you're beloi'il. an' (in old edd. often and, of which it is only a
clipped fonn)
1 if (freq.) ; even if, though (Mer.V. i. ii. 95) ; also an '/Tp. II. ii. 125, Mer.V. iv. i. 446 ; what an if, though Tit. IV. iv. 9.
2 whether MND. v. i. 196.
3 as if MXD. i. ii. 87 ^Ff, Qq and, mod. edd. as), H5 II. iii. 11.
an- : see an edge, an-end. anatomize (old edd. anathomizt)
1 to dissect Lr. in. vi. 80 let them anatomize Regan.
2 to lay open minutely, analyse (cf. annothaxize) AYL. I. i. 165, AllsW. iv. iii. 37, Lucr. 1450.
anatomy (popular word in sense 1 ; survives dia- lectally as atomy)
1 skeleton Err. v. i. 239, John in. iv. 40 that fill anatomy [i.e. Death]. [in. iii. 105.
2 applied depreciatively to the bodily frame Rom. anchor sb. : anchorite, hermit Ham. in. ii. 231. anchor vb. (literal phrases are used in 2H6 iv. i.
9, Lr. IV. vi. 19)
1 to tix tirmly R3 iv. iv. 232, Ant. i. v. 33 There /could he aiuhor his aspect.
2 to fix one's thoughts Meas. n. iv. 4, Cym. v. v. 394 Posthuiiius anchors upon Imogen.
anchorage* : set of anchors belonging to a ship
Tit. I. i. 73. ancient (corruption of ' ensign ', which in its
early forms was confused with 'ancyen', &c.,
contemporary forms of ' ancient ')
1 ensign, standard 1H4 iv. ii. 34 an old faced a.
2 standard-bearer, ensign 1H4 iv. ii. 26, 2H4 n. iv. 73, 0th. I. i. 33, &c.
ancientry (1 F, aunchentry ; 2 a 16th cent, use)
1 old-fashioned style Ado n. i. 81 state and a.
2 old people Wint. ill. iii. 62 wronging the ancientry. and:
1 joins two nouns (forming the figure called hendiadys) one of which is logically in adject- ival relation to the other ; or two adjs. the first of which is adverbial to the second : tediousness and /»-oft.v,« = tedious process R2 n. iii. 12, flint and hardHcss = Kn\iy hardness Ant. iv. ix. 16; slow and moling ^slovfly moving 0th. iv. ii. 54.
2 =an ' q.v.
andirons: fire-dogs Cvni. n. iv. S8 her andirons . . . tiro innkixg Ciipids Ofsihir. [1H4 in. i. 132.
an edge (moil. odd. on. idiji) : Wint. iv. ii. [iii. J 7, an-end (this form survives dialectally)
1 still an-end : continually Gent. iv. iv. 68.
2 on end 2H6 in. ii. 318, Ham. i. v. 19 each particular hair to stand an-end, in. iv. 121.
angel (tlie sense of ' ministering spiiit, divine niessciipcr ' is freq. ; angels nf light Err. iv. iii. 55) 1 j.'tuius. demon Mac. v. vii. 43 [viii, 14] the angil uhom thou . . . hast sirc'd.
2 (a) good genius; (b) darling C'ivs. in. ii. 186* Brutus . . . teas Cusar's angel.
3 gold coin having as its device the archangel Michael, value from 6s-. 8/. to 10s. according to the period John n. i. 590 ; often used punningly Wiv. I. iii. 62, 2H4 i. ii. 189 ; hence ancient angel,
a fellow of th'old, sound, honest, and worthie
stanipe ' (Cotgr. s. v. ' Angelot ") Shr. iv. ii. 61. angerly : angrily Gent. i. ii. 60, Mac. ni. v. 1 how
now, Hecate .' yon look nngerly. ang°le sb.' : fishing-hook or line Ant. n. v. 10 ; flg.
Wint. IV. i. 51 [ii. 52], Ham. v. ii. 66. ang'le sb.- : corner Tp. i. ii. 223((« odd a. of the isle, angle vb. : to fish with a rod ; flg. to use artful
means to catch a person All'sW. v. iii. 214 i>he . . .
did angle for me, Ant. ii. v. 16. an-heir(e)S : Wiv. n. i. 227. See MYNHEERst- an-hungry : hungry Cor. i. i. 211. a- night : at night AYL. n. iv. 47 coming a-night to
Jane Smile.
annexion : addition, adjunct t'ompl. 208 With the
annexions of fair gems enrich'd. annexzaent : adjunct, appendage Ham. in. iii. 21
£nrh small unnijiiu nt, ["Ity consK/mncc. annothanize iQq, P^i) prob. for anatomize (Ff2 3 4) :
to explain, interpret LLL. iv. i. 70. anon (like 'presently', 'anon' meant orig.
' straightway ', ' at once ')
1 soon, in a little while, presently ; = a waiter's ' coming ' 1H4 ii. i. 5 ; till anon, for a while Ant. II. vii. 45.
2 now again, presently again LLL. iv. ii. 6 ; erer and anon, every now and then LLL. v. ii. 101.
ans'wer sb. (the foil, uses are somewhat technical)
1 reply made to a charge, defence, account 2H6 ii. i. 201 callthese foul offenders to their ansuers, Cor. HI. i. 176, Ci»s. I. iii". 114.
2 anything done in return, corresponding or resulting action, retaliation, punishment H5 ii. ii. 143 to the a. of the law, iv. vii. 143 quite from the answer of his degree (= not bound to answer the challenge of one beneath his rank), Cym. v. iii. 79 Great the skeughter . . . gnat the answer ; in fencing, the return hit Tw.N. in. iv. 308, Ham. V. ii. 283 in a. of the third exchange.
answer vb. ('reply', 'correspond to', 'satisfy", are freq. senses)
1 to return, requite Wiv. iv. vi. 10 hath answir'd my affection.
2 to atone for Ctes. in. ii. 86 grievously hath Casnr answer d it.
3 to render account of lH4iv. ii. 8, Ham. in. iv. 176 I will . . .a. will Thi death I gave him, Cym. in. v. 42.
4 to act in conformity with, obey Tp. i. ii. 190 To answer thy best pliasure.
answerable (only thrice in S.)
1 accountable 1H4 n. iv. 579 if he have robb'd these mi II, He shall be answerable.
2 corresponding, suitable Shr. it. i. 353 all things ansirerable to this portion, Oth. i. iii. 351.
anthem : song of grief or mourning Gent. iii. i.
241, Yen. S3n; Plia-n. 21. Anthropophaginian : Wiv. iv. v. 10, one of the
Aiithiiipiipliiiiii i(ith. I. iii. 144) or cannibals. antic(k (ni old edd. a'ntick or a'ntiqtie in all uses) adj. fantastic, grotesque, ludicrous Rom. i. v. 60, n. iv. 30, Ham. i. v. 172 To put an antic disposition on, Sonn. xix. 10. sb. 1 grotesque entertainment LLT,. v. i. 122 page- ant, or antick, or firi-iiork. 2 burlesque performer, buffoon. mcrrj--andrew Ado MI. i. 63. R2 iii. ii. 162 the untick [Death], Troil. v. iii. 86 Like williss nnticks. antic vb. : to make like btitfoons Ant. u. vii. 132.
ANTICKLY -
— APFBOBATION
antickly : fiintastically Ado v. i. 96 Go untickli/,
>/«)((' outiiiinl hiiUoasHCus. antipathy : contrariety of feeling or disposition
Lr. ir. ii. 92. Antipodes : tliose who dwell on the opposite side
..f the glolio Mer.V. v. i. 127, K2 in. ii. 49
iiitiiihriii;! aitli the Antijwdts. antiquary: ancient Troil. ii. iii. 265 the a. times. antiquity: old age 2H4 i. Li. 211 blasted iiitli
uittiquilij Sonn. Ixii. 10. antre : caveni Otli. i. iii. 140 anires vast and
disarts idle. ape (allusion iji Ham. in. iv. 194 like the /anions
ape, is obscure)
1 imitator Wint. v. ii. 112, C'ym. ii. ii. i31 0 skip! thou ape of death.
2 fool C'yui. IV. ii. i^-ljollitij for apes.
3 /((((/ ajies in lull, the supposed conseiiuentc of dying an old maid Slir. ii. i. 34.
ape-bearer: one who carries a monkey about lor
exhibition Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 102. a-pieces : in or to pieces H8 v. iv. 82 heiii;/ torn a. apoplezed: paralysed Ham. in. iv. 73 tlial sense
Is ajiojiU.r'd. apostroplias : ?read ' apostrophus ' (usu. 16tli-
IStli cent, form) = apostrophe LLL. iv. ii. 124*
Yon find not the a., and so miss the aectitf. appaid : contented, satisfied Lucr. 914. apparent adj. (most freq. in sense 1)
1 evident, plain Gent. in. i. 116 Without ajijiarint hazard of his life, Oas. ii. i. 198.
2 seeming Mer.V. iv. i. 21 thy struni/e-a. cruelty. sb. = heir apparent 3116 n. ii. 64 as apparent to the
croirn ; fig. claimant Wint. i. ii. 177 Aext to thy-
xclf . . ., he's Apparent to my heart. apparently: evidently, openly En\ iv. i. 19 If he
should scorn me so apparently. appeach (2 peculiar to S.)
1 to inform against, impeach R2 v. ii. 79, 102.
2 to give accusatory evidence AU'sW. i. iii. 199 your passions Have to the full appeach'd.
appeal sb. : impeachment, accusation R2 i. i. 4 to make f/ood the . . . late appeal. Ant. in. v. 12.
appeal vb. : to accuse, impeach R2 i. i. 9 // he appeal the duke, i. iii. 21.
appeared (Ft) : made evident Cor. iv. iii. 9 your favour is irell a. {approvuli) by your fonr/iie.
appellant (Ff appmlant) : adj. accusing or im- peaching another of treason R2 i. i. 34 Come I appellant to this princely presowe, iv. i. lOi Lords A ppellanis (Fi: fl.oi'eidji). — sb. one who challenged another to single combat to prove upon his body the treason or felony of which he ' appealed ' him R2 i. iii. 4 the s^tminons of the appellant's trumpet, 2H6 II. iii. 49. [105.
appendix: adjunct (said of a bride) Shr. iv. iv.
apperil : peril, risk Tim. i. ii. 33 Let me stay at thiiit appiril.
appertaining' : appropriate to Rom. in. i. 68.
appertainin^s (S.): belongings, appurtenances Conipl. 115.
appertainments (S.) : rights, prerogatives Troil. n. iii. 88 We lay by Our appertainments.
appertinent (by-form of 'appurtenant' after Latin ' pertinere') adj. I)eh>ni;ing or becoming to LLL. i. ii. 17, 2H4 i.
ii. 196 ijit'ts apptrtinent to num. ah. pi. tilings pertaining (to a person) H5 il. ii. 87 ((// appirtinenis Belonyiiif/ to his honour.
applaud: to approve of, praise Gent. i. iii. 48 0: that our fathers ivould applaud our loves, Mac. in. ii. 46, Per. ii. v. 58.
applause: approbation, approval AYL. i. ii. 2S0 Bijh Lommcndation, true upplauH.
apple of the eye; the pupil of the eye, so calif I because it was supposed to be a solid s'oljulai- body MIsD. ni. ii. 104; LLL. v. ii. 476* laauh upon the apple of htr (ye ('laugh upon her i.i a very affectionate manner').
apple-john: kind of apple said to keep two years and to be in perfect condition when shrivelled and withered 2H4 n. iv. 5.
appliance (the mei.icinal sense colours most uses)
1 (a) willing service ; (b) medicinal treatment All'sW. II. i. \h'>* I conutotender . . . uiy applianci .
2 remedy, medicinal application H8 i. i. 124 that's theupptiance onlyM'liivh yourdisease rc'iuires, Ham. IV. iii. 10, Per. in. ii. 86.
3 means, apparatus 2H4 in. i. 29 With all (qipliaiuis and nu(ins to lout.
application : administration of a medicament, iiifdicinal treatment AH'sW. i. ii. 74.
apply (used freq. with ref. to the application of remedies ; the foil, are rare uses)
1 apply for, interpret as Caes. n. ii. 80 these dots she apply for ivarninys.
2 to attend assiduously to Mac. in. ii. 30 Let your remembrance apply to Banf/uo.
3 to be suitable to Wiv. ii. ii. 252.
appoint (the more usual senses are 'determiue', ' designate ', ' nominate ')
1 to arrange (e. g. a meeting) Tit. iv. iv. lui.
2 to equip, chiefly in pa. pple. Wint. iv. iii. [iv. ] 605 To hare you royally appoinlul, H5 in. Clior. 4 The icell-appointid kiny ; also retl. and fig. Wint.
I. ii. 326* To appoint myself in tliis vexation.
3 to assign, grant C«s. iv. i. 30 / do appoint him store of provender.
appointment (the sense ' engagement, assigna- tion ' and 3 are equally common)
1 resolution, purpose Ant. iv. x. 8*.
2 direction, dictation H8 n. ii. 134 tluit yood fellow . . .follows my appointment.
3 equipment, accoutrement R2 ni. iii. 53 Our fair appointments.
apprehend (1 the commonest meaning ; mod. sense 'anticipate with dread' barely appears: cf. Troil. in. li. 78)
1 to seize, arrest 0th. i. i. 178, ii. 77.
2 to understand Ado n. i. 85 you apprehend iiaxxinr/ shrewdly.Cym. in. iii. 17.
3 to conceive, imagine MND. v. i. 5, 1H4 i. iii. 209 He apprehuuls a world offiyures here.
apprehension (4 tends to "pass into the mod. sense ' anticipation with dread ')
1 seizure, airest 3H6 in. ii. 122, Lr. in. v. 20 that he may he ready for our apprehension.
2 physical perception MND. in. ii. 178 The ear more quick of apprehension. Cor. ii. iii. 232.
3 mental perception, understanding, grasp of mind H5 in. vii. 150 // the English had any a., Troil.
II. iii. 125 his evasion . . . Cannot ouljiy our as. Ham. II. ii. 326 [iii. 319] in a. how like a nod!; quickness of wit Ado in. iv. 67 ; 1H6 n. iv. 102* (or, conception, i. e. of my father and me).
4 conception, imagination Meas. in. i. K Tlie sense of death is most in a., R2 l. iii. 300 thea. oftheyood, Ham. IV. i. 11 in this brainish a., Cym. iv. ii. 110.
apprehensive: possessed of intelligenceornnder-
standing. quick to perceive or learn AU'sW. i. ii.
tiO, 2H4 IV. iii. 107, Cses. in. i. 67 men are fiesh
and blood, and apprehensive. approach: liostile advance, attack John v. ii. 131
This apish and linnuinnerly approach, Tim. v. i.
169 Of Atcibiades the approaches wild ; inf a river)
H8 in. ii. 190. approhation Oion-techuical seiiso of ' approval,
assent ' also occurs)
AFPROOF - i
1 confiniiation, attestation, pioof Wiiit. ii. i. 176, H5 I. ii. 19, Cym. i. iv. I'i9 put . . . on the ujiprv- hation of tvlint I liate spoke.
2 sanction H8 l. ii. 71 Jii/ harned a. of the judijis.
3 probation, novitiate Meas. i. ii. 189 the doidcr otlii; And there recehe her approbation.
approof (not freq. outside S., wlio lias 4 examples)
1 trial, proof All'sW. li. v. 'i of mliunt upproof { = oi proved valour). Ant. iii. ii. 21 on thy approof {-on tlie trial or proof of tliy conduct).
2 approbation Meas. ii. iv. 175 Either of condemna- tion or approof; All'sW. i. ii. 50* So in approof liees not his epitaph { = tlie truth of Lis epitaph is in no way so fully confirmed).
appropriation: special attribute or excellence (added to his onn i/ood parts) Mer.V. i. ii. 45.
approve (1 and 3 are freq. ; the ordinary mod. .sense occure)
1 to prove, demonstrate to be true, corroborate, confirm Mer.V. ill. ii. 79 approve it with a text, All'sW. 111. vii. 13 icUirh well approves You're greed in fortune, H8 ii. iii. 74, Mac. i. vi. 4, Ham.
I. 1. 29 He may approie our eyes, Cym. v. v. 246.
2 to convict Ado iv. i. 44 an approved nanton, 0th.
II. iii. 2\'i approv'd in this offence.
3 to put to the proof, test," try (esp. in pa. pple.) Shr. 1. i. 7, R2 ll. iii. 44 more approved service, 1114 I. i. 54 valiant and approved Scot, Otli. i. iii. 77.
4 to commend Ham. v. ii. 142 (' would not be much to my credit'). Per. ii. i. 56.
approver : one who malies a trial Cym. Ti. iv. 25. appurtenance : that which belongs to something
Ham. II. ii. 397. apricock : apricot MND. iii. i. 173, R2 iti. iv. 29. apron-man: mechanic Cor. iv. vi. 97 i'ou, and
i/oar apron-uti a. apt (1 is freq., but hardly passes into the mod.
' likely, calculated ' ; tlie sense ' fit, suitable " is
also freq.)
1 ready, prepared, willing Ado ii. i. 215, H5 ji. ii. S6 how apt our love was to accord, Cses. iii. i. 160 so apt to die.
2 easily impressed, ready to learn Cor. iii. ii. 29, Cses. v. iii. 68, Ham. i. v. 31 Ifnd thee apt.
3 natural Otli. ii. i. 299 'tis apt, and of yreat credit, V. ii. 175.
aqua-vitae: ardent spirits Wiv. ii. ii. 322 my uqua-
litir lid/llc, Rom. IV. V. 16. Aquilon: north wind Troil. iv. v. 9 paff'd A. Arabian 'bird : phosnix ; fig. unique specimen
Ant. HI. ii. 12, Cym. i. vi. 17. Arabian tree: tree of tlie phwnix Phoen. 2 (cf.
Tp. in. iii. 22-4). araise: to raise from the dead All'sW. ii. i. 79. arcll sb.' : v:alery arch, rainbow Tp. iv. i. 71;
raaUcd arch, heaven Cym. i. vi. 33. arch: adj. chief, prime, principal, pre-eminent R3 iv. iii.
2 Tlie Most arch deed of piteous massacre, H8 in. ii.
103 ; 3H6 ii. ii. 2 (arch-enemy), 0th. iv. i. 71 {arch- mock) , Meas. v. i. 57 (arch-riUain). [patron. sb.- chief, master Lr. li. i. 61 My worthy arch and argal, arg'o : corruptions of ' ergo ', therefore
Ham. v. i. 13, &c. ; 2H6 iv. ii. 32. arg'osy [orig. form ' ragusy ' = a vessel of Ragusa in
Sicily] : merchant vessel of the largest size and
burden Mer.V. i. i. 9, &c. arg°ue: to prove, evince, betoken LLL. iv. ii. 57,
3H6 II. ii. 25 Which aryu'd tliee a tiiost unlnvimj
father, Ham. v. i. 11 itaryaesnn act, Lucr. 65. argument (occurs 78 times in S., of which 18 have
the sense ' debate, discussion ') 1 itroof, evidence. Ado ii. iii. 254 [242] no yreat
arjument of lur folly.
-AKT
2 subject of contention or debate H5 in. i. 21 sheatlCd their swords for lack of a., Mac. ii. iii. 127.
3 subject-matter of discourse, tJieme, subject Ado I. i. 266, 1H4 II. ii. 104 it would be aryument for a week, II. iv. 314, Sonn. xxxviii. 3, Ixxvi. 10.
4 summary of tiie subject-matter of a book Ham. III. ii. 150 ; fig. contents Tim. ii. ii. 188 /// would . . . try the aryument of hearts.
Ariachiie: incorrect for 'Arachne', who chal- lenged Athene to a weaving match ; the goddess tore up A.'s web, and A. hanged herself, but Atliene clianged her into a spider Troil. v. ii. 152.
arithmetic: computation, calculation Cor. in. i. 244 'tis odds beyond arithnutic.
arm vli. : to take in one's arms Cym. iv. ii. 400.
armado : fleet of ships Err. in. ii. 141 whole arnai- dois of carracks, John in. iv. 2.
arm-gaunt": (a) lean from bearing arms or from much warlike service ; (b) with gaunt limbs Ant. I. v. 48.
armipotent : mighty in arms LLL. v. ii. 647 aniiipotiiU Mars, All'sW. iv. iii. 266.
arms : military profession 1H6 ii. i. 43 since first I fotlow'd arms.
aroint thee !-. avaunt, begone Mac. i. iii. 6, Lr. in. iv. 127. ^Cf. the north-country 'roint' or 'rynt thee ' = get out of the way.
a-row : one after another Err. v. i. 170.
arrant : thoroughgoing, out-and-out (freq.) H5 in. vi. 64. ^ Tlie orig. application was to ' thief ' (cf. Tim. IV. iii. 443) ; an arrant ( = errant) thief was an outlawed robber roving about the country.
arras: hanging screen of tapestry placed round the walls of household apartments, often at such a distance from them as to allow of people being concealed in the space between Wiv. iii. iii. 97, Ham. n. ii. 163.
arrearag'es: arrears Cym. ii. iv. 13 grant the tribnti , St nil the arrearages.
arrest sb. (always with legal or judicial reference)
1 under (an) arrest, under legal restraint, arrested Meas. I. ii. 1-U, R2 iv. i. 158.
2 order, decree Ham. ii. ii. 67 he . . . sends out arrests On Voriinbras.
arrest vb. (usu. in sense ' to apprehend ' a pei-son)
1 to seize (property; by legal warrant Wiv. v. v. 121 his horses are arrested for ii.
2 to take as security (hg.) Meas. ii. iv. 135 I do arrest your words, LLL. ii. i. 159.
arrivance (Qq Ff -ancie, -uncy) : people arriving
0th. II. i. 42. arrive (1 is close to the etymol. meaning, Latin
' arripare ' to bring ashore ; cf. ' 1 aiyve or come
newly to a porte by sea ', Palsgr.)
1 to land at 3H6 v. iii. 8 have arriv'd our coast, Cks. I. ii. 110.
2 to reach Cor. ii. iii. 189 arriving A place of potency and sway o' the state, Lucr. 781.
3 arrive at, attain to Tim. iv. iii. 514.
art (4 short for 'art magic ', Latin ' ars magica')
1 skill (esp. opposed to ' nature ') : skill in a par- ticular science MND. i. i. 192, Rom. ii. iv. 97 by art as irell as by nature, Mac. iv. i. 101 ;/ your art ('((», /(// so murh (cf. sense 41, Ven. 291.
2 learning, science Wiv. in. i. 109, LLL. iv. ii. 115 all those pleasures. . . that art irouldconiiiri lieiid; pi. with allusion to the ' liberal arts ' studied in the middle ages LLL. ii. i. 45, Shr. i. i. 2, Per. ii. iii. 82 Ml/ education been in arts and arms, Sonn. Music 13 [Pilgr. 223].
3 practical application of a science H5 i. i. 51 the art and practic part of life ; fig. experience Lr. iv, vi. 227; (';vs. iv. iii. 193-4 (' liis art had not be- come a second nature ').
ABTKUB —
4 magic Tp. i. ii. 1, &c., 1H4 m. i, 48, IHG ii. i. 15 Cun/riv'd hy art find baleful sorcery.
5 artifice Compl. 295 his passion, but an a. of craft.
6 cunning Honn. cxxxix. 4 slay me not by art. Arthur (2 perhaps suggested by place-names such
as ' Arthur's Head ', ' Arthur's Seat ')
1 Arthur's show, exhibition ot archery by the 'Order of Knights of Prince Arthur's Kound Table', or 'the fellowship of Prince Arthur's Knights ', a society of archers which met on Mile-end Green 2H4 iii. ii. 303.
2 Arthur's bosom, jocular alteration of 'Abraham's bosom ' (Luke xvi. 22) H5 ii. iii. 9.
article (in 1 and 2 'matter, business, concern' seems to be the underlying meaning)
1 ofqreat article*, of great moment, of importance; of ^arge scope Ham. v. ii. 123.
2 the article of thy gentry, tlie character of thy rank ^Viv. II. i. 53.
articulate vb. : to come to terms Cor. i. ix. 77 Ttie
liisf, iiilli irliom ire may articulate. articulate pa. pple.: set forth in articles, specified
1H4 V. i. 72 These thinr/s . . . you haie arlicniale. artificial (the sense ' produced by art (not nature) '
becomes common after S.: 3H6 iii. ii. 184)
1 skilled in constructive art MND. iii. ii. 203 like two artificial i/otls.
2 .skilful, cunning Per, v. i. 72 thy prosperous and artificial feat.
3 a. strife, the vying of art with nature Tim. i. i. 38. artist (only 3 exx.; both .senses are common Eliz.)
1 one learned in the ' liberal arts ', scholar Troil. i. iii. 24, Per. ii. iii. 15.
2 professor of the liealing art, medical practitioner AllsW. II. iii. 10.
artless: unskilful Ham. iv. v. 19 So full of artless
jealousy is guilt. as (the following are common old uses, now obs.
in literary English)
1 =t!iat K3 I. iv. 289 coward as thou art.
2 ' as ... as ' =though, however Ado i. i. 120 as like him ns she is, like liim though she is, liowever like liim she may be.
3 =so that Shr. Ind. i. 70, Sonn. Ixii. 8.
4 =asifTp. II. i. 1'28, H5ii. iv.'20. Ham. iv. vii.87; esp. in as it nere.
5 redundant in as how AYL. iv. iii. 143. (Contrast Ham. IV. vii. 58.)
Ascanius: son of ^Eneas 2H6 iii. ii. 116.
ash : spear of ash-wood C'or. iv. v. 114 My grained a.
asinico : see as.sinego.
askance : to turn aside Lucr. fi37 askance their ryes.
aslant (Qq ascaunt) : across, athwart Hani. iv. vii.
167 aslant a brook. aspe'ct ('look, appearance, air' is the most freij.
meaning)
1 look, glance Err. it. ii. 115, Ant. i. v. 33 There woul<l lie anchor liis aspect.
2 the relative positions of the lieavcnly bodies as they appear to an observer on the eartli's surface at a given time, and the influence attributed thereto Wint. ii. i. 106, 1H4 i. i. 97, Troil. i. iii. 92 the ill aspects of planets evil , Lr. ii. ii. 112, Lucr. 14, Sonn. xxvi. 10. [45.
aspen : of the asp tree, Populus tremula Tit. ii. iv. aspersion: sprinkling (of dew) Tp. iv. i. 18 Xo
sitcet aspersion shall the heavens let fall. aspic: asp, venomous serpent 0th, in. iii. 451,
Ant. v. ii. 295. aspire (2 not common before the Eliz. period; 3 is
Eliz., now obs.)
1 to be ambitious Gent. in. i. 154, R2 v. ii. 9.
2 to rise, mount up Wiv. v. v. 103 tchose flames aspire, Lucr. 548.
-ASTBJEA
3 to mount up to Rom. in. i. 123 hath a-'d the clouds. ass: Lr. i. iv. 178 thou borest thine ass (allusion to
jEsop's fable of the man, his son, and the ass) ;
C'or. II. i. 65 the a.<is in compound with the major
•part of your syllables (' .S. was thinking of the
little Latin he learnt at school, and the "As in
pracsenti ", &c.'). assail (special sense) : to address with offers of
love, woo Tw.N. i. iii. 61, Kom. i. i. 219, Cym. n.
iii. 44, Sonn. xli. 6 Beauteous thou art, tlurefore
to be assail'd. assault : love-proposal, wooing Meas. in. i. 187,
Ado II. iii. 129. assay sb. (cf tlie vb.; 3 was in use down to 1700)
1 trial, test Meas. in. i. 102, Tim. iv. iii. 408, Ham. II. i. 65 with <issays of bias, 0th. i. iii. 18 By no assay of reason.
2 effort Mac. iv. iii. 143 The great assay of art.
3 attack, assault H5 i. ii. 151 {essaysi)', Ham. n. ii. 71 To give the assay of arms.
assay vb. (now almost superseded by ' essay ' ex- cept in the sense of testing metals)
1 to try, attempt Meas. i. iv. 76 Assay the poiver you hare. Ham. iv. vii. 152, 0th. ll. iii. 209 passion . . . Assays to lead the nay.
2 to learn by experience Compl. 156 The destin'd ill she must In rsdf assay.
3 to assail with worcis, accost, address with pro- posals of love Wiv. II, i. '25 thai he dares in this manner a. me, Meas. i. ii. 192 bid herself a. him.
4 to challenge to a trial of strength or skill 1H4 v. iv. 34, Ham. ni. i. 14 Bid you assay him To any pasliine ?
assemblance : semblance, appearance 2H4 in. ii.
1:80 the . . . big assembla)tce of a man. ass-head (with 1 cf. Wiv. i. iv. 131 i'ou shall hare
An fool's-head of your own)
1 yoti see an ass-hend of your oun MND. ill. i. 122* ; a way of calling a person a fo(d.
2 dolt, blockhead Tw.N. v. i. 214 «)j ass-head and a coxcomb.
assign : appurtenance Ham. v. ii, 157 six French
rapiers . . . with their a.isigns. assinegfo (Q Ff asinico) : ass Troil. ii. i. 49. assist : to attend, accompany Tp. i. i. 59, Wint. v.
i. 113 Yourself, amsUd with your honour'd friends ;
alisol. Cor. v. v. [vi.] 156. assistance : body of associates Cor. iv. vi. 33
affecting one .sole throne, Without assista)ice. ^ In
liLL, V, i. 131 Qq Ff have assist((nts, mod. edd,
assistance : see the commentators. associate: to accompany, escort, attend Cor. iv.
vi. 77, Tit. V, iii. 169, Koni. v. ii, 0 One of our
order, to associate me. [-04.
assubjugate: to reduce to subjection Troil. ii. iii. assume: to claim, lay claim to Mer,V, ii. ix. 51 /
will assutiie desert, Per. i, i, 61. assurance (2 cf assure 1)
1 pledge, guarantee Tw,N. i. v. 193, iv. iii. 26, 3H6
IV. i. 141 Gire me assurance with some friendly voir.
2 conveyance or settlement of property, legal evi- dence of this Shr. n. i, 390, ill. ii. 137, &c.
3 confidence, certainty, security Ado n. ii. 50, Mac. IV. i. 83, Ham. v. i. 125 ; for {more, better) assurance, to increase confidence or certainty Tp.
V. i. 108, MND, III. i. 21, Shr. v. ii. 65, assure (the following are special uses)
1 to convey (property) to a person Shr. n. i. 373.
2 to promise in marriage, betroth Err. in. ii. 146 swore I was assured to her, John ii. i. 535.
astonish: to stun, dismay H5 v. i. 40, 2H6 v. i.
146, f'xs. I. iii. 56 Such dreadful hiralds to astonish
us, Lucr. 1730, Astrsea : goddess of justice 1H6 i. vi. 4.
ASTRONOMER —
10
AUGER
astronoiuer : one wlio professes a knowledge ol the intiuenceof t lie stars on Imman attaiis, astro- loger Troil. V. i. 103, Cj'm. m. ii. l'7 ; so astro- nomical Lr. I. ii. 170, and astronomy Sunn. xiv. 2.
Atalanta : famous for her swiftness of foot AYL. HI. ii. 156 Atnlanta's letter part*, 295.
Ate : goddess of niisrliief Jolin ii. i. 63 An Ate, stir- riiui him to . .. strife ; (hence) pi. incitements to iiiiseliief LLL. v. ii. 692 More Ates, more Ates ! sitr ihem on !
athwart adv.: from an unexpected fjuarter, per- versely, awry Meas. l. iii. 30 ([Uitc atliwnrt Goes all chroritiii, 1H4 I. i. 36.
Atlas: giant supposed to support tlie universe 3H6 V. i. .36.
atomy' (common Eliz.; used arcliaically ))y Tenny- son and Kingsley)
1 atom, mote AYL. iil. ii. 246 to count atoiiiits.
2 tiny being, mite AYL. iii. v. 13.
atomy- (Q Yi anatomy) : living skeleton 2H4 v. iv.
3_'. (Cf. ANATOMY.)
atone dare before S.; 'atonement' is earlier, in Sir T. More)
1 to set at one, reconcile E2 i. i. 202 Since ire can- not atone yon, Tim. v. iv. 58, Otb. iv. i. 245.
2 to agree, unite AYL. v. iv. 117, (or. iv. vi. 73 (itn no more atone, Tlitin iiolenfe.it contra riify.
atonement: reconciliation 2H4 iv. i. 221, 'K3 i.
iii. 36. Atropos: one of the Fates 2H4 it. iv. 212. attach (orig. a law-tei-m = 'ariest', ' indict' ; the
meaning ' j lin ' is considerably post-S.)
1 to arrest or seize, as by authority of a writ (of attachment) Err. iv. i. 74 / a. yoti hij this officer, 2114 IV. ii. 110 Of capital treason I attach you both, H8 I. i. 217 ; fig. 2H4 n. ii. 3 ; hence attached = atl'ected Tp. ni. iii. 5 atlach'd unth urariness, Troil. V. ii. 1.58.
2 to seize with the hands LLL. iv. iii. 375 citry man attach the hand Of Ids fair mistress.
attachment: arrest, confinement (fig.) Troil. iv.
ii. 5 soft attachment to thy senses. attainder (the foil, senses are peculiar to S.)
1 conilemnation, dishonouring accusation LLL. i. i. loti, L'2 IV. i. 24 the a, of liis slanilerons lips.
2 stain ot dishonour R3 in.' v. 31, H8 ll. i. 41. attaint sb. (1 the orig. legal sense was ' conviction
of a. jury for giving a false verdict ' ; 2 cf. 'taint')
1 impeachment Lr. v. iii. 83 (Si arrest).
2 infecting influence H5 iv. Chor. 39*, Yen. 741 sichness, inhose attaint Disorder breeds.
3 stain on honour, purity, or freshness, disgrace Err. III. ii. 16, Troil. i. ii. 26, Sonn. Ixx.xii. 2, Lucr. 825 clear from tliis attaint of mine.
attaint vb. (2 cf. the aphetic form 'taint')
1 to convict ; to condemn (one convicted of treason or felony) 1H6 ii. iv. 90% 2H6 n. iv. 69.
2 to sully, dishonour ]H6ii. iv. 92 attainted, Cor- rupted, Sonn. Ixxxviii. 7 faults . . . therein I am attainted, Sonn. Music iv. 46 [Pilgr. 344].
attaint pa. pple.:
1 infectedlhGv.v.Slnerer yet a. With any passion.
2 dishonoured LLL. v. ii. 827 )'om are attaint irith faults and perjnry.
attaintnre* : (a) disgrace ; (b) attaindei-, conviction
2H6 I. ii. 106. attask (S.) : to take to task, blame Lr. i. iv. ."^fig. attempt sb.: warlike enterprise, attack .Fohn v. ii.
111. .Mac. III. vi. 39 some attempt at irar ; fig. Cym.
III. iv. 185 this attempt I'm soldier to. attempt vb. (ordinary scn.se of 'endeavour" freq.;
2 is 16tli-17thc.) 1 to try to win, obtain, or subdue Wiv. iv. ii. 2.30,
Tim. I. i. 127, Lr. ii. ii. 129 him attrmptinr/ vho
iras self-suhdu'd. 2 to try to move or influence Mor.Y. iv. i. 422 I
■)iuist atlimjil ijoufurtlier. [iv. 69.
attemptable (ti-ibU) -. open to attempts Cym. i. attend (freq., and in various senses ; 5 only once)
1 to listen to, heed Tp. i. ii. 78 Dost flioii attend me 'I, 3H6 II. i. 168, Cym. i. vi. 142, Lucr. 818.
2 to apply oneself to All's W. l. i. 4 / must attend his majesty's command, 1H6 i. i. 173, Ant. ii. ii. 64.
3 to tend, watch, guard Gent. v. i. 10, Cym. i. vi. 197 in a triink. Attended by my men.
4 to wait for, await Wiv. i. i. 281, E2 i. iii. 116, Mac. III. i. 45 Attend those men Our pleasure 1, Ham. v. ii. 205, 0th. iii. iii. 281.
5 to expect Tim. iii. v. 104 Attend our neigh tier jud(/ement. [11.
attent: attentive Ham. i. ii. 193, Per. iii. Gower attest sli.: evidence, testimony Troil. v. ii. 119 the
atlist (Ff test) of eyes and ears. attest vb. (recorded first from S., who, however,
does not use 1 with personal suhject)
1 to certify, vouch for Tw.N. v. i. 162 attested by tlie lioli; close of lips, H5 Prol. 16.
2 to call'to witness Troil. ii. ii. 1.32 la. the ti<id:<. attired: enwrapped Ado iv. i. 146 attir'd in iron-
der, Lucr. 1601 attir'd in discontent. attorney' (a different word from the next, this being from OFr. ' atom? ', that from 'atornee ')
1 agent, deputy Err. v. i. 100 I . . . Jeili heire tie at- torney bat myself.
2 advocate, pleader All'sW. ii, ii. 24, R3 jv. iv. 414 Jle tlie attorney of my love to her, Yen. 335.
3 atlorney-fjenered, deputy under a general commis- sion and representing his jn'incipal in all lecal matters R2 ii. i. 204.
attorney- : appointment of a legal representative,
legal commission ; hence by attorney = bv proxv
AVL. IV. i. 97, R3 v. iii. 84 7, hy eiltorneij, ble^s
thee from thy mother. attorneyed: performed 'by attorney 'or by proxy
Wint. I. i. .30 ; employed as an attorney Meas.
V. i. 386 Attorney'd at your serrice. attorneyship: by attorneyship = '])y Attorney', bv
proxy 1H6 V. v. 56. attractive : drawing as by magnetic influence
MXD. II. ii. 91 attractire eyes, Ham. iii. ii. 117. attribute: credit, reputation Troil. ii. iii. 126,
Ham. I. iv. 22, Per. iv. iii. 18. attritotition : praise 1H4 iv. i. 3 Such attribution
should the Ilinnjtas have. attribvitive : tliatattributesqualitiesTroil.il. ii.
5S di inclin/able). andible : (in active sense) quick of liearing Cor. iv.
v. 2:!'i ; adv. = audibly Meas. v. i. 40,>. audience (1 the commonest S. use ; the sense
' assembly of li.steneis ' occurs 7 times)
1 liearing, attention to what is said Cor. lil. iii. 30 audicme ; peace 1 1 say, Ham. i. iii. 93, Ant. in. X. [xii.] 21 ; hare a., to be heard LLL. v. i. 144 ; I/ire (lend, rouchsnfe) audience, listen Cies. in. ii. 2 ; Compl. 278 ; LLL. v. ii. 314.
2 reception at an inteniew, formal interview granted by a superior H5 i. i. 92 The French ambassador . . . Crav'd audience. Cor. it. i. 82.
audit: statement of account, chiefly fig. H8 in. ii 142, Cor. I. i. 1.50 I can make my audit up. Ham. in. iii. 82 how his audit stands, Sonn. iv. 12.
auditor (occurs only thrice in S.)
1 hearer, listener M'XD. in. i. 84 What I a play to- irard? Ill be an auditor.
2 person appointed to examine accounts of money 1 H4 n. i. 63, Tim. n. ii. 166 the exartest auditors.
augfer : carpenter's tool for boring holes in wood
AUGUR —
Cur. IV. vi. 8S coiijiii'd Into iin «-'.< Ion ; avig"er- liole Mac. II. iii. 129 rt(rr/n/f, Hid in an n.-huli.
aug'ur sb.: propliet Sonn. cvii. 6, Plioen. 7 Azii/nr 0/ /lie fern-' s inj. ^ In the technical sense S. uses AUGURER, q. v.
aug'ur vb.: to prophesy Ant. it. i. 10 my a-ing hope.
augnre: augury Mac. in. iv. 12-i(Ffau(/MrtA', mud. edd. aitgurn).
augurer: augur, religious official among the Komans whose duty it was to foretell future events from the observation of omens C;ies. ii. ii. 37 ihefiiiy^irers. ..Plucking the enirails of an offer- ing forth, Cor. II. i. 1.
augiiry : art of tlie augur, divination by omens Ham. V. ii. 232 ; prophetic skill Gent. iv. iv. 74 if my augury deceive me not.
aunt (1 peculiar to S.; 2 common 17th c, sense)
1 old woman, gossip MN'D. ii. i. 51 The tvinetit aunt, telling the saddest tale.
2 light woman "VVint. iv. ii. [iii.] 11. auricular : perceived by the ear Lr. i. ii. 102 an
auricular asi'urance. auspicious (not pre-S.; but 'auspiciously' is in Drayton, 1596)
1 favourable, propitious Tp. i. ii. 182 .1 nmst auspicious star, AirsW. iii. iii. 8.
2 betokening happiness, cheerful Ham. i. ii. 11 n i/h one auspicious and one drajjping eye. [241.
authentic: of autliority, authoritative Wiv. ii. ii. authority: those in office Cor. i. i. 16 What
authority surfeits on. authorize (accented autho'ri-e in S."s time)
1 to sanction Sonn. xxxv. 6.
2 to vouch for Mac. ni. iv. 66 A leonuni's story . , . Authorii'd by her grandam.
avail sb.: benefit, profit All'sW. i. iii. 192, iir. i.
22 for your nrails they fell. avail vb. (2 intr. use (-refl.) is peculiar to S.)
1 to be of use to 1H6 in. i. 178, Lucr. 1273 it small arai/s my mood.
2 '(. out of, avail oneself of, profit by Meas. iii. i. 243. avaunt : order to be off H8 ii. iii. li) To give her the a. ave : shout of welcome Meas. i. i. 70 A-s vehement. Ave-Mary : number Ave-Maries, say the rosary
2116 I. iii. 59, 3H6 ii. i. 162. aver : to assert the existence of Cym. v. v. 204. avert : to turn away Lr. i. i. 214 To avert your lik-
iiii/ a more irorthier tray. avised : spelling in old edd. of advised. avoid (1,2, 3 common 16th-17thc.: 4 is a legal term)
1 to get rid of Wiv. in. v. 155, AYL. i. i. 27, Troil.
II. ii. 65 Hoir may I avoid . . . The wife I chose?
2 to withdraw, depart, retire Tp. rv. i. 142, "Wint. I. ii. 462 let us avoid. Cor. iv. v. .34.
3 to depart from, quit Cor. iv. v. 25 a. the house.
4 to make void, refute (an accusation, &c.) Meas.
III. i. 200 (viz. 'by saying that he made trial of you only '), AYL. v. iv. 103. [iv. 277.
avoirdupois (Q Ff haber-de-pois) : weight 2H4 ii. avouch : guarantee, assurance Ham. i. i. 57 the . . .
/rue avouch Of mine onn eyes. avouchnient : used for ' avouch ' H5 rv^. viii. 37. await (iinlv two exx. in S. ; 1 is an unusual sense)
1 to ln,,k Jiut for 1H6 I. i. 48 Posterity, aicait for irretclicd years.
2 to be in store for 2H6 i. iv. 35 What fate aivaits the Duke of Suffolk? [echoed in line 67].
award : to adjudge, decree R3 n. i. 14. away (1 arises from the ellipsis of some verb)
1 (cannot) get on ivith or tolerate 2H4 in. ii. 216.
2 rfiiiie aivay, come here, come along Tp. i. ii. 187, Mac. III. v. 34; so bring nivay R2 n. ii. lo7.
aweless (rare, in senses not freq. in Eliz. period) 1 fearless John i, i. 266 The awehss Won,
11 — BAFFLE
2 tliat inspii-es no awe R3 n. iv. 52 /he iniiDcen/ anil iiiveliss throne. awful (sense 2 is comumn after S.)
1 commanding reverential fear or profound respect Gent. i\. i. 46* (or sense 2), Shr. v. ii. 110, 2H6 v. i. 98 an airful priiinly scip/rc.
2 profoundly lespectfuJ or levneiitial R2 in. iii. 76 To pay /luir an Jul dn/y.
awkward (root-meaning ' turned in a wrong direction ' ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 perverse H5 ii. iv. 85 no sinister nor no a. claim.
2 untoward, unfavourable, adverse 2H6 in. ii. 83 by aivkivard wind. . . Drove back, Per. v. i. 94.
3 uncouth, ungainly Troil. i. iii. 149 ridiculous and aivkicard ac/ion.
axle-tree : used of the axis of revolution of the
heavens Troil. i. iii. (56. ay adv. (all old edd. have the spelling T)
1 yes Tp. I. ii. 268 ; introducing a more forcible statement than tlie preceding one Wint. n. i. 137.
2 used to introduce a question = Come ! Why! Tp. n. i. 284 [276], Shr. v. ii. 42, Ant. in. viii. 38 [x. 29J.
ay interj. (old edd. ay, aye) : ah ! alas ! John in. i.
;M5 : esp. ay me .' (iS-eq.) Ham. ni. iv. 51, Ven. 187. aye: ever; aye-remainine/ Per. in. i. 63 {nir-
rcmaininyf).
B
babe of clouts : rag doll John ni. iv. 58. ^ ' Babe
that children play with,' Palsgr. baby of a e/irl : infant of a very young mother Mac,
in. iv. i06^ baccare : see backare. Bacchanal (from Bacchus, the name of the Greek
and Roman god of wine) (i. 48.
1 priest, priestess, or devotee of Bacchus MN'D. v.
2 dance in honour of Pacchus Ant. n. vii. 111. back sb. (1 said orig. of a sword which is all steel
from edge to back and not merely edged with .steel ; 3 was common 1560-166(1)
1 meteil . . . steel to the very back, sound all tln-ough Tit. IV. iii. 47.
2 rear of an armed force 2H4 i. iii. 79.
3 support, backing Ham. iv. vii. 153 this project Should have a back or second.
back vb. (S. is earliest authority for both uses)
1 to mount 1H4 n. iii. 76, Cym. v. v. 428, Yen. 410.
2 is trith a vineyard back'd, has a vineyard at the back of it Meas. iv. i. 31. " [i. 73.
backare (old edd. bac{c)are) : stand back ! Shr. n.
back-friend ; pretended or false friend Err. r\'. ii. 37 (.with punning allusion to the sergeant approaching from behind or clapping the man on the back), •ff In the Warwickshire dialect ' back- friend ' is a name for the troublesome agnail.
backsword-man : fencer at single-stick 2H4 in. ii. 71. [I. iii. 133.
back-trick : (?) some figure in the galUard Tw. N.
backward : what lies behind, the past Tp. i. ii. 50.
backwardly: perversely Tim. in. iii. 18 And does he think so backicard/y of me noic?
back-wounding : injuring treacherously from behind Meas. in. ii. 201 back-iroiinding calumny.
bacon: (1) 'chaw-bacon ', rustic ; (2') fat man 1H4 11. ii. 99*.
badge : device, emblem, or mark on a piece of cloth or of silver used to identify a knight or distin- guish his followers 1H6 iv. i. 177 he iccars /he badi/c of Somerse/, Lucr. 1054 ; (hence) token, symbol Mer.V. i. iii. Ill, 2H4 iv. iii. 114 /he badge of pusilliinimi/y, Sonn. xliv. 14 : so badged (fig.) Mac. II. iii. 109 badg'd ivi/h blood (applied to Duncans ' grooms ').
baffle: to subject (a perjured knight) to public in-
BAG- 1
famy by exhiliiting the picture of l.ini lianging by the lieels 1H4 i. ii. 113; (hence) to disgrace, treat with contumely Tw.N. ii. v. 177, R2 i. i. 170 ihs(jriu'<l, iiiijHdcli'd, and baffled, 2H4 v. iii. 106 And .shall qniid neirs he baffled?
bag and harjijeiije : (to retreat) with all belongings .saved, without surrender of anytliing, and tliere- iove lionourably AYL. ni. ii. 171, Wint. i. ii. 206.
bail sb. (2 not recorded before S.)
1 security given for the release of a prisoner Meas. nr. ii. 44, All'sW. V. iii. 290 I'll put in hail.
2 person or persons wlio secure the release of a prisoner by becoming surety for his appearance in court All'sW. v. iii. 300, 2H6 v. i. Ill Sirrah, call in my sons to he my had.
bail vb.' : to procure the liberation of (a person)
from arrest or prison by becoming bail for him
Tit. II. iii. 299 ; fig. Lucr. 1725. bail vb.-: to confine, guard Sonn. cxxxiii. 10*. bailiff (only once in S.) : officer of justice under
a sheriff, who executes writs, distrains, and
arrests Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 103. bait (1 cf. haitiny-place 2H6 v. i. 150; 3 first in S.)
1 to set on dogs to bite and worry (an animal, e.g. a bear, bull) 2H6 v. i. 148 ; (hence) to liarass, worry Tw.N. in. 1. 132, R2 iv. i. 238 my ivretched- 1XSS doth hail myself, Mac. V. vii. 58 [viii. 29] hnited ii'ith the rahhie's curse.
2 intr. halt at, harass R3 I. iii. 109 (Qq) so taunted, scorn'el, and halted at (Ff so halted, scorn'd and storni'd at).
3 to entice with bait (lit. and fig.) Err. ir. i. 94 Du their i/ay vesliiienls his affections huitl, Mer.V. 111. i. 57 To bait Jiih tcithal.
baiting' of bombards : drinking deep H8 v. iv. 87.
Bajazefs luiile (unexplained) All'sW. iv. i. 46.
baked-iueats : moat jiies Rom. iv. iv. 5, Ham. i. ii. \x^i tin fuiier<il bak'd meats. ^Bakemeate;- I Fr.] ' viaiiile en paste ', Palsgr.
baker : Ham. iv. v. 43 the owl was a baker's daui/h- li r ; the allusion is to a local legend to the effect that our Lord, being churlishly refused bread by a baker's daugliter,"turned her into an owl.
balance (1 cf. ' a pair of ballauce ', Fuller 1655 ; 2 and 3 are not pre-S.)
1 used as pi. Mer.V. iv. i. 255 Are there h. here?
2 scale-pan of a balance (fig.) R2 in. iv. 87.
3 iig. counterpoise, something of equal value All'sW. II. iii. 183 to thy estate A h. more replete.
balance vb.: to give due weight to 2H6 v. i. 9. bald (1 nonce-use peculiar to S.)
1 bare-headed Cor. iv. v. 206 stand bald before him.
2 meagre, trivial, palti-y Err. li. ii. 112, 1114 i. iii. C5 This beild uniointed chat of his. [i. 169.
bale : injury ; have bah, get the worst of it Cor. i. Ijalk (2 cf. ' in stiytful termes ... to balke," Spenser)
1 to let slip, fail to use, &c. Tw.N. iii. ii. 27, Lucr. 096 altogether balk The prey.
2 ballc logic, to chop logic, bandy words Phr. i. i. 34. balked"* : (?) heaped up 1H4 i. i, 69 Balk'd in their
oil n blood. ball (also = ' round mass ', ' eye-ball ', ' the globe ')
1 the golden orb borne together with the sceptre as an emblem of sovereignty H5 rv. i. 280.
2 = hand-ball or tennis-ball, esp. in fig. phrases All'sW. II. iii. 314, H5 I. ii. 261 Vilitn we hare match'd our rackets to these hetlls.
3 — cannon-ball H5 v. ii. 17.
ballad .sb. (2 used contcmi)tuously in H5 v. ii. 166)
1 li^ht, simple song MND. rv. i. 222 to write a ballad of this dream, AYL. ll. vii. 148.
2 popular song, esp. one celebrating or scurrilously attackingsome personor thing Wint. iv. iii. [iv.J 186, 2H4'iv. iii. 52.
— BAB
ballad vb.: to make (a person) the subject of a popular song Ant. v. ii. 215 scald rimers Ballad Its out o' tune.
ballad-monger : contemptuous term for ' ballad- maker' lH4in. i. 129.
ballast pa. pple.: freighted, loaded Err. in. ii. 142.
ballasting: freight, weight (fii;.) Cym. in. vi. 77.
ballow : north-midland word for ' cudgel ' Lr. iv. vi. 248 (Qq hattero, bat).
balm (only thrice in S.)
1 to anoint with fragrant oil or liquid Shr. Ind. i. 48, Per. ill. ii. 65."
2 to soothe, heal Lr. in. vi. 107 This rest might yet haie halined thy broken sineics.
balmy (only thrice in S.: 2 first in S.)
1 deliciously fragrant Otli. v. ii. 16 balmy breath.
2 deliciously soothing 0th. n. iii. 260 balmy slum- bers, Sonn. cvii. 9 this most h. time. [v. 112.
balsam, balsamum = balm Err. iv. i. 90, Tim. ni. Banbury cheese : kind of cheese which, when
pared, was veiy thin Wiv. i. i. 133. band Ubc foil, were all common uses in S.'s time)
1 pi. fetters, bonds Tp. Epil. 9, 3H6 i. i. 186.
2 obligation, bond, tie Ado in. i. 114 To bind our loves up in a holy band, All'sW. iv. ii. 56 in the band of truth. Ham. in. ii. 172.
3 agreement, promise Err. rv. ii. 49, R2 i. i. 2 according to thy oath and band,
4 deed by whicli a person binds himself 1H4 in. ii. 157 the (tid of life cancels all baiuls.
banditto (old edd. -elto) : outlaw, brigand 2n6 iv.
i. 135 (either attrib. sb. or Italian pa. pple.) bandy (of obscure origin ; 2 first in S.)
1 to strike or throw (a ball) to and fro as in the games of tennis and bandy ; mostly fig. to give and take (blows, words) LLL. v. ii. 29, Shr. v. ii. 173, 3H6 I. iv. 49 / wdl not handy with thie word for word, Rom. n. v. 14, Lr. i. iv. 92 Bo you bandy looks with me?, n. iv. 178 To bandy hasty words.
2 to contend, strive, fight AYL. v. i. 62, IHO iv. i. 190, Tit. I. i. 312, Rom. in. i. 94 the prince ex- pressly lialh Fiirhidihn bandying in Yerona streets.
bane sb. (1 the oriL;. sense ; 2 cf. ' ratsbane ' ; 3 obs.)
1 cause of the drath of another 2H6 v. i. 120, Tit. v. iii. 73 List Rome herself he bane unto herself.
2 poison Meas. i. ii. 138.
3 murder, destruction Mac. v. iii. 59 afraid of death and bane. Yen. 372.
bane vl). : to poison Mer.V. iv. i. 46. banished: banished man, outlaw, bandit Gent. v. iv. 152 ; b. yeeers, years of banishment R2 1. iii. 210. bank sb. (l not later than S. ; 2 not earlier than S.)
1 sea-i3hore 1H4 hi. i. 45, Troil. i. iii. 328 as barren ets hanks of Libya, Sonn. Ivi. 11.
2 .shelving elevation in the sea or bed of a river Mac. I. vii. 6* iipon this bank and shoalf of time.
bank vb.: to coast, skirt (S.) -John v. ii. 104*. banner : little fringed flag on a trumpet (S.) H5
IV. ii. 01. banquet (in ordinary sense freq.; 1 and 2 are obs.)
1 running hiinquet, slight repast between meals ; fig. H8 1. iv. 12, V. iv. 71 (= whipping).
2 course or repast of sweetmeats, fruit, and wine, dessert Shr. v. ii. 9 My Immiuet is to close our stomachs up, Rom. i. v. 126, Tim. i. ii. 162.
bar sb. (3 properly, the barrier marking off the precinct of the judge's scat, at which prisoners stand)
1 plea or objection of force suflficient to arrest entirely an action or claim at law Wiv. in. iv. 7, Shr. I. i. 138 this bar in law, H5 i. ii. 35, 42.
2 obstruction, obstacle, harrier Ado n. ii. 4, Mer.V. n. vii. 45, ni. ii. 119, CiVS. i. iii. 96.
3 tribunal, court H6 v. ii. 27, R3 v. iii, 200,
BARBABY —
Ba;'bary (country on tlie north coast of Africa)
1 sliort for ' Barbary horse ' KJ v. v. 78.
2 Barbary hen, Guinea hen 2H4 ii. iv. 107. barbed: having the breast and flanks armed R2
III. iii. 117, R3 I. i. 10. barber-monger : constant frequenter of tlie
barber's shop, fop Lr. ii. ii. 36. bare sb.: naked surface Couipl. 95. bare adj.: napless, threadbare Gent. ii. iv. 47 : fig.
All's W. IV. V. 105, H8 V. iii. 125. bare vb.: to shave (S.) Meas. iv. ii. 188, All'sW.
IV. i. 5-i tlic hurinfi of mij beard. bare-bone : lean skinny person lH-1 ii. iv. 363 : so
bare-boned Lucr. 1761. [119.
bare-faced : unconcealed, undisguised Mac. iii. i. barely : in a state of nakedness AUsW. iv. ii. 19. bareness : leanness 1H4 iv. ii. 78. barful : hindering TSv. N'. i. iv. 41 a barful strife. bargfain : to sell (a person) a bart/uin, to make a fool
of him, to 'sell' him LLL. III. i. 107. (Cf. B00Tsb2.) bark about : to cover as with l)ark Ham. i. v. 71 a . . .
tefter barked {Fi' bahed) about . . .All niij smootli body. barley-brotb : ale H5 iii. v. \^ sodden water . . .
their barU y-hroth. barm: yeast MND. ii. i. 38. barn : to store as in a bam Lucr. 859. barn(e = child, bairn Ado in. iv. 48 (with pun),
All's'SV. I. iii. 28. barnacle : species of goose fonnerly supposed to
be hatched from the fruit of a tree or from sea- shells growing on it Tp. r\'. i. 251. baron (2 first created under Richard III ; 3 is obs.)
1 noble, peer (orig. one who held from the king) 1H4 IV. iii. 66 the lords and barons of the realm.
2 one of the lowest rank of nobility 2H6 i. i. 8, Yen. Ded. Baron of Tichfield.
3 pi. the freemen of the Cinque Ports H8 IV. i. 48. Bartholomew tide: tlie feast ofSt. Bartholomew,
24th Aumist, H5 v. ii. 3.35 ; Barthol<i,ii,ii hmu-pi,!, one siikl at Baithulomew fair iii West iSniithheid 2H4 II. iv. 249.
Basan: Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 127 ; cf. Psalms xxii. 12 (' bulls of Basan ').
base sb.': reason Tw.N. v. i. 79 on base and (jround euituijh.
base sb.^: boys' game, in which a player who leaves his ' base or ' home ' is chasecl by another, and, if caught, made prisoner Gym. v. iii. 20 to run The country base ; phrase bid a or the base, to challenge as to a race Gent. i. ii. 94, Ven. .303.
base i2 a 10th cent, use, e.g. ' colored liigh or base ')
1 low, low-lying R2 ii. iv. 20 the b. earth, Lucr. 664.
2 (?) dark-coloured (with pun on fig. senses) Tit. IV. ii. 72 is black so base a hue ?
base-court [Fr. 'basse-cour']: lower or outer court of a mansion R2 in. iii. 176.
bases: pleated skirt of cloth, velvet, or rich bro- cade, appended to the doublet and reaching from the waist to the knee Per. ii. i. 173.
base string' : string of the lowest pitch in a musical iiistrimient 1H4 n. iv. 6 the very b. of humility.
base- viol : form of violoncello Err. iv. iii. 22.
Basilisco-like John i. i. 244 : see Kyd's ' Soliman and Perseda ' i. iii. 169 [310] Has.— I, the aforesaid Basilisco— Knight, good fellow. Knight, Knight.
basilisk (2 cf. 'serpentine ', ' culverin ')
1 fabulous reptile, also called cockatrice, supposed to be hatched by a sei-pent from a cock's egg and said to kill by its breath and look "Wint. i. ii. 388.
2 large cannon, generally made of brass 1H4 ii. iii. 58, H5 V. ii. 17 (with plin on sense 1).
Basimecu: contemptuous term for a Frenchman 2H6 IV. vii. 31 Mounsieur Basimecu, the dauphin of France. T] Still applied to Italian organ-
13 -BAVIN
grinders, with the prommciation ' boz imacu ', in some parts of "Warwickshire. basis (S. is earliest for fig. sense of ' foundation ')
1 base, foot Tp. ii. i. 127 o'er his iraie-irorn ba.^is.
2 pedestal Gas. iii. i. 115 on Pompey's b. liesalony. bastard sb.: sweet Spanish wine, resembling mus-
cadel Meas. m. ii. ibroirn and icliiteb.,lR-in.i\. 30. bastard adj. : counterfeit, spurious Mer.V. iii. v. 8
a kind of bastard hope, Sonn. Ixviii. 3. baste: to" sew loosely Ado i. i. 289. bastinado : beating with a stick ; AYL. v. i. 61 ;
fig. .John II. i. 463 he yiies the bastinado with his
tonijue : Our ears are cudt/ell'd. bat : stick, club Cor. i. i. 107, Lr. iv. vi. 248 (Qq'i. batch : quantity of bread produce 1 at one baking ;
fig. Troil. V. i. 6 Thou crust ij batch of nature. bate sb. : strife 2H4 ii. iv. 271 ;' b.-bneciiny Ven. 655. bate vb.': to beat the wings impatiently and flutter
away from the fist or perch Shr. iv. i. 199 these
kites That bale and biut, 1H4 IV. i. 99 (old edd.
baitid, bayted, Malone bated) ; fig. H5 III. vii. 127
(with pun on bate vb.^ 3), Rom. in. ii. 14 Hood
my unmann'd blood, bating ui my chaks. bate vb.- (for the meanings cf. the older abate)
1 to blunt LLL. i. i. 6 bate his scythi's keen eehje.
2 to reduce, diminish, weaken Mer.V. in. iii. 32, IV. i. 72, Tim. in. iii. 26; bated heath : subdued or restrained breathing Mer.V. i. iii. 125.
3 to decrease, fall off 1H4 in. iii. 2 do I not bate ? do I not dwindle ?
4 to deduct Tp. i. ii. 250 To heite me a full year, 2H4 Epil. 16, Ham. v. ii. 23 no leisure bated ; absol. Gym. in. ii. 55 0 let me bate.
bateless : not to be blunted, keen Lucr. 9. bat-fowling : catching of birds by night with
lights and poles or nets Tp. ii. i. 193 [185]. batlet (so Ff 234 ; Fi beitler) : bat or club for beating
clothes in the process of washing AYL. n. iv. 48.
^Gurrent until recently in Yorkshire and
AVarwickshire. battalion (so Ff ; Qq battalia) : R3 v. iii. 11, Ham.
IV. V. 79 not in single spies, but in battalions. [67. batten : to grow fat on Gor. iv. v. 35, Ham. iii. iv. battery (2 not a common sense in or outside S.)
1 beating, assailing with blows, also fig. John ii. i. 446, Gym. i. iv. 23 ; in law, unlawful attack on another by beating or wounding Tw.N. iv. i. .38 on action of battery. Ham. v. i. 110.
2 wound, biiiise 3H6 in. i. 37, Ven. ^26 where a heart is harel, they make no battery.
battle (all the foil, are now obs. or archaic)
1 single combat R2 i. i. 92 / . . .luill in battle prove . . .
2 body or line of troops in battle array 1H4 iv. i. 129 ; fig. Ven. 619 battle. . . of bristly pikes (on a boar's back).
3 main body of an armed force R3 v. iii. 300 the mum battle, Mac. v. vi. 4 Lead our first battle.
battlem.ent : used loosely for 'embattled roof
John n. i. 374. batty : bat-like MND. in. ii. 365 leaden legs and
batty wings. bauble (orig. ' babel ' ; the spelling 'bauble 'appears
first in English in S. Fi ; 1 is the orig. sense ; 2
cf. ' bable for a foole,' Palsgr. ; 3 and 4 are obs.)
1 showy trinket of little worth Shr. rv. iii. 82.
2 stick carried by a court fool All'sW. iv. v. 32, Tit. v. i. 79.
3 foolish, childish person, trifler 0th. rv. i. 137 thither comes this bauble.
4 mere toy Gym. in. i. 27 his shipping— Poor ignorant baubles !
5 attrib. bauble boat, toy boat Troil. i. iii. 35. bavin : brushwood, faggots ; 6. wits 1H4 in. ii. 61
(' soon ablaze '). ^ Still current in the midlands.
BAWBLING
14
— BED-WORK
'bawbling' : tiirtiiiii T-w.X. v. i. 58 A hnahUnii vcsmI.
'it Only S. and ei-hued by mod. writers. bawcock [Fr. ' beau coq '] : fine fellow H.') iii. ii. 27. bawd (north-midland word) : hare Rom. ii. iv. l:iy. baysb.': division of a hon.se included under one
gable or between party-walls Meas. ii. i. 261. bay.sb.= (orig. 'abay'=OFr. 'abai'.mod. Fr. 'aboi')
1 deep prolonged barking Tit. li. ii. 3 L'ncoiipic here (ind kt Its iitdkc a hiiy.
2 in phrases relating to che position of a hunted animal when it turns and faces the hounds, also fig. R2 II. iii. 128 To rotisc hi.i u-rongn and chase ihtni to the hdi/, Yen. 877 the hounds are at a hay, Tit. IV. ii. 42, Pilgr. xi. 13 [155].
bay vb. (1 in mod. use an echo of S.; 2 not pre-S.)
1 to bark at Ctes rv. iii. 27 bay (he moon.
2 to pursue with barking, drive to bay MXD. iv. i. 119 Ihcy hay'd the hear With hounds of Sparta, 2H4 I. iii. 80 Jiayin;/ liiiii at the liccls.
.3 to hold at bay (tig.) C»s. rv. i. 4(t hay'd about with hiiniy (iiiiiiiis. bead (l not known earlier than S.)
1 pi. drops lof licjuid), tears John ii. i. 171, 1H4 ii. iii. 0:5 hi mis (It >^in lit {most old edd. beds), Cses. in. i. 2S4 hiiiils i,/s,,n-iin:
2 applied to a \ cry small thing, e.g. a fairy 'Wiv. V. v. 55 (Ff, &e. Jitde), MND. iii. ii. :S3(i.
" SI t of beads, rosary R2 iii. iii. 147. beaded: in the form of beads Compl. 37 Ofamher,
irystitl, mid ofbiiididjd (Q hidilid). beadle : inferior parish otticer who might punish
petty offences 2HC ii. i. 1;!5, iic, H8 v. iv. 72;
fig. wifh reference to his punitive functions
l>LL. III. i. 185 [177J, H5 iv. i. 180 mar is his b. beadsman : man paid or endowed to pray for
otliers, jionsioner or almsman Gent. i. 1. 18, R2
III. ii. 116. beag'le : small variety of hound, tracking by scent;
fig. used contemptuously of a woman Tim. iv. iii.
176', but also approvingly(?) Tw.N. u. iii. I.i8'. beak : pointed and ornamented projection at the
prow of ancient vessels Tp. i. ii. 1"J6. beam (1 cf. 'the staff of [Goliath's] spear was like
a weaver's beam ', 1 Samuel xvii. 7)
1 wooden roller in a loom, on which the warp is wound Wiv. v. i. 24 ; lance Troil. v. v. 9.
2 with ref. to Matthew vii. 3 : LLL. iv. iii. 162 the kiiiij ycur mote did see ; But la beam do find.
bear sb. : the constellation Ursa major 0th. ii. i. 14. bsar vb. (besides the mod. senses we find the foil.)
1 to have as a member or part of itself Wint. i. ii. 309, 3H6 v. i. 69 the deurist blood your bodies bear, Rom. I. iii. 29 / do bear u brain.
2 to contain (a meaning or the like) AYL. in. ii. 176 more feel than the rerses would hear, 1H4 iv. i. 20 His letters hear his mind. Ant. i. ii. 130, Compl. 19 often readinij witat content it bears.
3 to cany as a consequence Tim. i. i. 132.
4 to sustain (a part), keep going (the burden of a song) Tp. i. ii. 380, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 2991 caw hetcr my part, Lucr. 11.32, &c.
5 to carry on, conduct, execute Ado ii. Iii. 240 [229], John III. iv. 149 This art so eiilly home, H5 I. ii. 212, Mac. III. vi. 3 Tliini/slmic ban stianrjely borne.
G refl. (freq.) and intr. to behave Meas. i. iii. 47 (Ff beare ; mod. edd. bear mi), H8 ii. i. 30 ; also occas. passive Troil. ii. iii. 252 surly borne ( = of surly behaviour). Dear "back, to move or go back Cies. in. ii. 173 Stand hark .' room.' hear bark !, Lucr. 1417; bear down, to ovei-whelm, overthrow Mer.V. iv. i. 214 Thai malice bears down truth, 2114 i. i. 11, Tit. II. i. .30, Cyni. ii. i. 61 ; bear hard (1) to bear ill will to'Cws, I, ii, 318 Cwsardotlt hear me hard,
II. i. 215 ; (2) to take heavily or sadly 1114 i. iii. 270 irho hears hard His hrulhi/s dialh] R:l n. i. 57 (hardly) : bear it, to cany tlie day 2H4 iv. i. 135 He ni'er hud burnt it mil of Coitntn/, Troil. n. iii. 231, 0th. I. iii. 23 : bear" off, to kiep oft Tp. ii. ii. 18 niilliir husli nor shrub to hear (jff any iriat tier: bear out, (1) to support, back up Jolin iv. i. 6 I lioye your aarrunt will bear oul the di id, 2114 v. i. 63; (2) with //, to have tlie upper hand, carry the day Tw.N. i. v. 22, 0th. li. i. 19, Sonn. cxvi. 12 Loce . . . bears it out even to the edije of doom ; bear up, to put the helm up so as to bring the vessel into the direction of the wind, fig. Tp. in. ii. 3.
bearer : possessor, owner, holder 2H4 iv. v. 28 0 majesty! Wlien tliou dost pincli thy bearer, H8 n. iii. 15, Troil. in. iii. 104.
bear-herd (Ff, &c. b(ar(e)-heard, hearard, berard, berrord, mod. edd. bear-ward) : one who keeps and exhibits a bear Ado ii. i. 43, Shr. Ind. ii. 21, 2H4 I. ii. 194, 2H6 v. i. 149, 210.
bearing : cirriage, deportment, behaviour, de- m anour Ado u. i. 168, H5 iv. vii. 186 his blunt hi II vi mi. Cor. 11. iii. 257. [in. iii. 119.
bearing-cloth: child's christening-robe Wint.
beastly adv.: in a beastly manner, like a bea.st Shr. IV. ii. 34, Ant. i. v. 50, Cyin. v. iii. 27.
beat (1 intr. use peculiar to S.: cf bate vb.')
1 to flap the wings with force Shr. iv. i. 199.
2 to think or ponder laboriously Tp. v. i. 246, Ham.
III. i. 183 Vilureon his brains still beatiii// : said of the thouglits Tp. i. 11. 176 still 'tis beating in my mind, Lr. in. iv. 14.
beated* : usually taken to be a term of the south- west country and the Welsh border for slicing .sod from the eroun 1 for burnina Sonn. Ixii. ID Il,ii/id and rhiqip'it irith tann'd antiquity.
beautied : lieaufified Ham. in. i. 51.
beaver : face-guard of a helmet 2H4 iv. i. 120, 115
IV. ii. 44 tliroayh n rusty beaver peeps. Ham. I. ii. 229 ; sometimes, the whole helmei R3 v. iii. 50 is my beaver easier than it was?
become: (pa. t. became, pa. pple. become and beronud)
1 to agree with, befit Mer.V. v. i. 57.
2 inipers. to be fitting 1H6 v. iii. 169 as it hicfjm.s. Tit. I. i. .347 as becoiiirs.
3 to adorn, grace Tp. in. ii. 115, Shr. n. i. 25"*, Cym. V. V. \01 Hewouldhacewellhecom'dthis plan .
becoiued (S.) : becoming, befitting Rom. iv. ii. 27. becoming' : grace (S.) Ant. i. iii. 96, Sonn. cl. 5. bed (1 still to be seen at Rye House, Herts.)
1 bed of Ware, enomious bed 11 ft. square Tw.N. in. ii. 53.
2 grave Tp. ii. i. 292 [284], Cym. iv. iv. .52.
3 b. ofdoirn, delightful resting-place 0th. i. iii. 232.
4 irint iinto my beds, (?) arrived at the 'bed-time' or close of life Tw.N. v. i. 413*.
bed, bedded : old fonns of bead, beaded. Bede : see head.
bedded : laid in a smooth layer Ham. in. iv. 120. Bedlam (earlier 'Bedlein', 'Bethlem', 'Bethle- hem ')
1 the Hospital of St. Mary of Eethlehcm in London used as an asylum for the mentally derauLied 2H6 V. I. 131 To Bedlam with him ; Tom o' ISidlam, madman Lr. i. ii. 152.
2 lunatic, madman John ii. i. 183 Biillam, havednne, Lr. in. vii. 103.
3 as adj. mad H5 v. i. 20 .\rt thou bedlam ?, 2H6 in. i. 51, V. i. 132 a bedlam and amhitiuus liumonr.
bed-presser, lazy fellow 1H4 n. iv. 272 ; bed- swerver, one "unfaithful to marriage Wint. n. i. 92 : bed-vow, marriage vow Sonn. (dii. 3 ; bed-work, easv work such a* could be done in bed Troil. i. iii. "205.
BEEP-WITTED
BENCH
'beef-witted: tliick-litadeil Tioil. ii. i. 14.
beer: sniull bar, trirting matters Otli. ii. i. ICO chronicle siiian heir.
beetle sb. : tliree-mnn beetle, mallet rcquii-ing throe men to lift it, used in raminini;' jiaving' stones 2H4 I. ii. 259 ; beetle-headed, tliick-lieaded, stupid Shr. IV. i. XySOheetU-Iuitilul^flnp-ear'dknnvc!
beetle vb.: to project like beetle brows, overhang threateningly Hani. I. iv. 71 the dreadful summit of the cliff Tlidt beetles o'er his base into the sea.
beetle brows: prominent eyebrows Rom. i. iv. 32.
befall: to become o/ Err. i. i. 123 to dilate What hnlli befall'n of them.
before pi-ep. (follows its sb. LLL. iv. i. 93)
before vie!, on my soul ! Tw.N. ii. iii. 197, Oth. IV. i. l-i7. (^ Modelled on before {mij) God .')
before adv. :
1 in front Shr. in. ii. 58 ncnr-lerje/'d before, Mac. v. vii. 75 [viii. 46] Had he his hurts before ?
2 O'od before, witli God as our leader H5 i. ii. 307.
3 the better font before, put your best foot foremost John IV. ii. 170,' Tit. ii. iii. 192.
4 used adj. earlier, previous H5 rv. i. 182 hefore- brench of the hiiiifs laws.
before co'nj.: rather than Meas. ii. iv. 183, Mer.V. III. ii. 3(12, R3 HI. ii. 44.
beforeband: been beforehand vith, anticipated, forestalled John v. vii. 111.
beg": to petition the Court of Wards, established by Henry VIII and suppressed under Charles II, for the custody of (a minoi-, an heiress, or an idiot), as feudal superior or as having interest in the matter LLL. v. ii. 491 (' You cannot prove us idiots ').
beget (1 this is a late example of the sense)
1 to obtain Ham. ui. ii. 8 You must acejitire and bujet a temperance.
2 to produce LLL. ii. i. G9 Hi,\ eye Ifr/cts occasion fur
his Hit.
beggar sb. : one who begs a favour, suppliant
AliVW. I. iii. 22. beggar vb. (3 freq. echoed by later writers)
1 to reduce to beggary Mer.V. ii. vi. 19, R3 I. iv. 145 [Conscience} ber/e/ars any man that l!ceps it.
2 to make valueless Troil. ii. ii. 91.
3 to exhaust the resources of Ant. ii. ii. 200 It beejijar'd all description.
4 bei/i/ared of, destitute of Ham. iv. v. 92 necessity, ofiiialhrbiyr/ar'd, Sonn. Ixvii. 10.
beggary : contemptible meanness Cym. i. vi. 115. beguile (3 first in S.; 4 peculiar to S.j ^210.
1 to deprive or rob o/" LLL. i. i. 77, Oth. i. iii. 15(i,
2 to cheat, disappoint (hopes) Gent. v. iv. 154.
3 to divert attention in some pleasant way from (anythingdisagreeable), while away (time) Tw.N.
III. iii. 41 Vi'hiles you beyuile the time, Tit. IV. i. 35 And so hcffuile thy sorroiu.
4 to disguise Lucr. 1544 Tarquin . , , so beguiVd With oiifirard honesty.
behalf: in {the) behalf of, on behalf of, in the interest of, in favour of, for the benefit or advantage of AYL. Epil. 9 in the behalf of ayood plaii, All'sW.
IV. iii. 359, rv. v. 77, John i. i. 7, 3HB iv. i. 03 (Fi\ R3 rv. iv. 358 Be eloquent in my b. to her, Oth. iii. iv. 19 (Fi on), Cym. in. ii. 74 ; — in behalf of, on the part of, in the name of 1H4 i. iii. 48, R3 in. iv. 19 m tlie (hike's b. I'll e/ire my voice, Tim. in. i. 18 ; — on behalf of, concerning, with regard to Ado rv. i. 212, Tw.N. in. i. US your yinlle thouijhts On his b.; — in that behalf, in respect of tliat LLL. ii. i. 27, John II. i. 20}.
behave (1 this constr. with pa. pple. not pre-R.) 1 as he is behar'd, according to liis behaviour Ham. III. i. 35-
2 to control Tim. in. v. 22 He did bihari his anr/er. , ■ behaviour (1 in use l.WO-KiSO ; 2 only K.)
1 pl. = sing. C»s. I. ii. 42.
2 in my behaeiour, as represented in my jierson and outward acts John I. i. 3. " (l.M.
behind-hand adj.: backward, tardy "Wint. v. i. beholding vbl. sli. :
1 siglit Cor. I. iii. 10, Lr. in. vii. 9 not fit for your b.
2 looks, aspect Per. v. i. 224 wild in my'behohlinn. beholding ppl. a.: indebted, beholden (freq.) Wiv.
I. i. 28.5.
behoof, behove: benefit, advantage 2Hfi iv. vii. 83 For your behoof. Ham. v. i. 09 /or, nh ! my be- hove (rhymes with love), Compl. 165 m our behoof.
behoveful : necessary Rom. iv. iii. 8 (Qq behoofc-).
behowlt: to bay (the moon) MND. v. ii. 2 [i. 379] (F, &c. beholds).
being (2 is an application peculiar to S.)
1 life, existence Shr. i. i. 11 Pisa . . . Gave me mi\ being, Mac. iii. i. 55, Ham. n. i. 96 end his bcini/, Oth. I. ii. 21 my life and b., Cyin. i. i. 38 he quit b.
2 stay, abode, dwelling Ant. ii. ii. 39 3fy beini/ in Eitypt, Cym. i. v. 54 to shift his beine;. [u. i. 20!!.
being (that) conj.: seeing that Ado iv. i. 251, 2114 beldame (1 cf. ' belsire ' = grandfather)
1 grandmother 1H4 in. i. 32 the old bildawr earth, Lucr. '.•.">3, H.'SS.
2 loathsome old woman, hag John iv. ii. 185 Old men and hddames, Mac. ni. v. 2.
be-leed(S.): in such a position that the wind is intercepted ; fig. Oth. i. i. 30 be-leed and calm' d Hy debitor and creditor.
belie (often in sense 1 ; twice in s.'>nse 2)
1 to tell lies about, calumniate Oth. iv. i. 30.
2 to fill with lies Cym. in. iv. 38, Lucr. 153.3. bell (the ordinary .sense occurs in various con- nexions)
1 with allusion to the little bells attached to hawks 3H6 1. i. 47 ;/ Warwick shake his hells.
2 bell, bonk, and candle, used with reference to a form of excommunication which closed with tlie words ' Do to the book, quench the candle, ring the bell 1 ' John in. iii. 12.
bellman: crier wlio announced deaths and called on the taithfiil to pray for the departed, and acted as night-watchman, calling the hours Mac.
II. ii. 4 //(( oul . . . the fatal bellman. Which gives the si I rii'st ijond-night.
bell-wether": leading sheep of a flock on whose neck a bell is hung AYL. in. ii. 86 ; fig. clamorous person Wiv. in. v. 114.
belly-doublet: see great-bei.ly, thin-belly.
belonging (recorded first from S.)
1 (?) caparison (of a horse) Cor. I. ix. 62.
2 pi. circumstances ; endowments Meas. i. i. 29'' Thysdf and thy b-s Are not thine own so proper . . .
beloving : loving Ant. i. ii. 24 moi-e b. than helov'd.
below (not common as prep, or adv. before the
Eliz. period) [ii. 10.
1 downstairs Wiv. ii. ii. 153 ; = heloir stairs Ado v.
2 in Hades or hell Tp. iv. i. 31 Night kept chain'd b. belt: Mac. v. ii. 16 cannot buckle his di.itempei-'d
caii'Se Witliin the belt of rule { = cannot f,ox\XYo\ his
disorganized party) ; cf. Troil. li. ii. 30. bemadding : maddening Lr. in. i. 38 b. sorrow. be-niete: to measure Shr. iv. iii. 113 I shall so
bi-iiiili thee villi thy yard . . . benioil: to liefoul with mire Shr. iv. i. 77. be-monster: to make monstrous, deform Lr. iv.
ii. 03 lU-inonsler not thy feature. bench sb.: senators collectively Cor. in. i. 105, 100. bench vb. (the foil, senses are rare outside S.) 1 to raise to authority Wint. l. ii. 314 whnin I from
meaner form Nave bench'd and rear'd to worship.
BENCHER-
■2 to sit as a judge Lr. in. vi. 41 Bench hij Ins xide. bencher : senator Cor. ii. i. 93. bench-hole : privy Ant. iv. vii. 9. bend sb.: look, glance Ctes. i. ii. 123, Ant. ii. ii.
•JlCr (' tlieir adoring looks or obtisances added
grace and beauty to her'). bend vb. (3 properly, to bring a gun to bear)
1 h. up, to strain, neixe H5 iii. i. 16, Mac. i. vii. 79.
2 laid file bron>i, &c., to frown, scowl John iv. ii. 90, B2 II. i. 171 Or b. one wrinkle on my soicreiyn's face, Sonn. Music iv. 13 [Pilgr. 311].
3 to level, aim, turn, direct John ii. i. 379 bend Your ttliiirpfst deeds of malice, R-3 i. ii. 95, iv. v. 17 do fheij hind their power, Lr. n. i. 43 'Gainst parri- cides did all their thunelers bend.
4 intr. and refl. to direct one's course, turn, pro- ceed All'sW. III. ii. 57 Thither n-e bend ai/ain, Wint. V. i. lt)5, 1H4 v. v. 3(5 ; fig. to tend, incline Tp. IV. 1. in always bending Towards their project, Ham. I. ii. 55, lib bend you to remain Here, Sonn. cxvi. 4. See also bent pa. pple.
bending' : submissive, courteous K3 iv. iv. 95, Truil. I. iii. 236 ; H5 v. ii. 404* [Chor. 2] (a) bending under the weight of the task, (b) stoop- ing to the hearers' clemency.
beneath used as adj. : this beneath norld, this world below Tim. I. i. 45. Cf. this widirylobehr.u. ii.l70.
benediction : blessing Lr. ii. ii. 168 (the usual form of the proverb is ' out of God's blessing into tliC warm sun ').
beneficial (thrice in S. ; 1 ' beneficent ' is post-S.)
1 beneficent Err. i. i. 151, H8 i. i. 56 the reiyif o' the hinificial sun.
2 ailvantageous 0th. ii. ii. 7 these beneficial news. benefit (1 ' benefaction ' is post-S.; 2 is only S.)
1 liestowal of property or rights, benefaction 1H6 V. iv. 152, R3 III. vii.195 Thisprnferr'd b. ofdiynity. - natural advantage or gift AYL. iv. i. 37 disable all III! Ik ne-fits of your own country, H8 I. ii. 115.
benetted : ensnared Ham. v. ii. 29 benetted round iiilh lillains.
bsnevolence : forced loan or aid levied by kings of England, first raised by Edward IV in 1473 as a token of his people's ' goodwill ' K2 ll. i. 251. "I Its use here is an anachronism.
benign : stressed on the first syll. Per. n. Gower 3.
benison: blessing Mac. ii. iv. 40 Hod's b. yo with you.
bent slj. (not earlier than 16th c. in any sense)
1 '(/ hint for (so Ff; Qq and mod. edd. is bent), turned in the direction of Ham. IV^ iii. 48.
2 inclination of the mind Ado ly. i. 188 the very bent of honour, C'<es. il. i. 210 yire his humour the true bent ; of the eyes, &c., H5 v. ii. 16, Ant. I. iii. 36, Cyni. I. i. 13 the bent Of the kiny's looks.
3 e.xtent to which a bow may bo bent, degree of tension ; (hence) degree of endurance, capacity Ado II. iii. 243 [232], Tw.N. ii. iv. 37, Ham. iii. ii. 4U9 [401] to the top of my bent.
bent pa. pple.: inclined (to), intent (upon) MND. III. ii. 145, 2H6 ii. i. 165, Mac. in. iv. 134/«;» bent to k)toii' . . . the worst, Per. li. Gower 2'.i* full bent iiitli sill (-intent upon sin), Ven. 618 bent to kill.
berattle : to fill with din Ham. ii. ii. 365 [357].
bereave (the commonest use is ' to deprive ' a per- son o/a thing, chiefly in pa. pple. bereft)
1 to take away (a thing) from a person 2H6 ni. i. 85, Oth. I. iii. 259, Luer. 835 ; always passive.
2 to rob of its strength or beauty, (hence) to impair, spoil Err. n. i. 40 to see like riyhi bereft, Lr. iv. iv. 9 his bi reave d sense, Ven. 797.
Bergomask (/'Mi. , (S.): dance af.er the manner of (he jiei'iilc ni Ik'igamo (a province in the state of \'c'uic(- 1, who were n<,ted for the rusticity of tlieir manners and speech MND. v. i. 361, 370.
16 —BETRAY
be-rime : to celebrate in rime Rom. ii. iv. 44 ; in AYL. in. ii. 187 the reference is to the alleged practice of ' riming rats to death ' in Ireland, i. e. destroying them by incantation.
berlady : old form of by'k lady.
Bermoothes: Bermudas Tp. i. ii. 229 the sfiU- iix'd Hi niioothes.
bescreen'd : concealed Rom, ii. ii. 52 bcscreen'd in niyht (Qi beskrind).
beseech: entreaty Troil. i. ii. 317 (' 'While men have still their object to gain, their attitude is one of entreaty ").
beseek : old northern and north-midland fonn of ' beseech ' 2H4 il. iv. 174. [410.
beseeming' : appearance, ' guise ' (S.) Cym. v. v.
beside : adv. by, past Ven. 981 sometimes falls an orient drop beside. — prep, out of (patience, one's senses) Ado v. i. 131 6. their wit, 1H4 ill. i. 178 b. Ills patience, Cjes. in. i. 180 6. themselves icith fear.
besides: out of (= beside prep.) Err. iii. ii. 78, Cyni. II. iv. 149 Quite besides The yovernment of patience, Sonn. xxiii. 2 put besides his part.
beslubber : to daub, smear 1H4 ii. iv. 344 beshibber our yarments.
besort sb. (S.) : suitable company Oth. i. iii. 239.
besort vb. (S.) : to befit Lr. i. iv. 274 such min as may besort our ae/e.
bespeak: to speak to, address Tw.X. v. i. 193 / bespake you fair, R2 v. ii. 20, Hani. ii. ii. 140 my youny mistress thus I did b.; with admixture of meaning ' to engage ' Eit. v. i. 233.
bespice : to season with spice AVint. i. ii. 316.
best : to have the best, to have the advantage 3H6 v. iii. 20 hariny now the b. eit Barnet field ; — at the best, (1) in the best possible way 3H6 in. i. 8, Oth. I. iii. 173 Take up this meinyled matter at the best ; (2) in the best or most advantageous con- dition Rom. I. V. 123 the sport is at the b., Tim. i. ii. 159, in. vi. 30 ; — in the best, at best Ham. i. v. 27 most foul, as in the best it is, Pilgr. vii. 18 [102].
best-conditioned: best-spirited Mer.V. in. ii.294.
beste'd (old edd. bestead) : in a (woi-se) plight 2H6 H. iii. .56.
bestill'd (Qq and mod. edd. distili'd) : (?)made niiitionkss, stiffened, congealed Ham. i. ii. 204.
best-moving: most persuasive LLL. ii. i. 29 our best-iiiiiiinii fair solicitor.
bestow (3 niit pre-S. ; 4 with 'of 'and 'to'onlyS.)
1 to give in marriage AYL. v. iv. 7 i'ou will bestow her on Orlando here?
2 to lay out (money) 2H4 v. v. 18 ; to spend (time) Caes. V. v. 61 bestow thy time ivith me ?
3 refl. to behave oneself Gent. in. i. 87, AY^L. iv. iii. 88, John ni. i. 225, 2H4 n. ii. 186.
4 to confer as a gift (with of) Tw.N. in. iv. 2 what hi stoic at' him?. Cor. ii. iii. 215 (with dative or to) Tit. iv. ii. 165, Lr. n. i. 128.
bestraught: distracted Shr. Ind. ii. 26.
bestride : to stand over (a fallen man) in order to defend him, (hence) to protect Err. v. i. 192, 2H4 I. i. 207, Mac. rv. iii. 4 Let lis . . . Bestride our doirn-fall'n birthdom. [115.
best-teinpered : of the truest 'metal' 2H4 i. i.
beteem : to grant (perhaps with se< ondary ref. to ' teem ' = hour) MND. i. i. 131 ; to allow Ham. i. ii. 141. U Still in use in Gloucestershire.
bethink (also used refl. = ' reflect ' ; 1 and 2 be- came obs. in the 17th c.)
1 to tliink of, considir, devise 3H0 ni. iii. 39 bethink a means to hnak it off. Ham. I. iii. 90 well bethouyht.
2 I am bethouyht, I intend Lr. li. iii. 6. betide: to liappen, liel'all R3 I. iii. 6 what would be- tide on me ! I =lia|)pcn to me, become of me).
betray (1 is derivative of the sense ' deliver up
BETTER— 17
trcaclicrously ', which is freq. ; 2 is common with various objects)
1 to give over or expose to puiiishnieut, or some evil AViv. in. iii. 1'07 to hitrai/ him to tuwtlur pnnisluiunt, Err. v. i. 'JO, AYL. iv. i. 7, H8 ill. i. 55 to betray you . . . to .sorrow.
2 to lead astray, mislead, deceive, entrap Wiv. v. iii. 22 ^V^'ll Utrai) hint find y, 2H0 ii. iv. 64 Um'd hushex to h. thy inmjs, Mac. i. iii. 125, 0th. v. ii. 0 she'll b. more nan ; absol. Tim. r\'. iii. 147.
3 to cheat, disappoint Tit. v. ii. 147 a complot to bifriiy thy/uis.
Ijetter : / inn better, it would be better for me AYL. III. iii. 97, 0th. in. iii. 3G;J ;— adv. rather All'sW. III. vi. 95, H8 iii. ii. 254 liHrrey durst better Biiie burnt that tomjue titan said so.
between: intervarof time Wint. m. iii. (51 in thcb.
bevel: oblique, slant Sonn. cxxi. 11 / may be strniyht thoiiyh they thiiiiseltes be betel.
Bevis of Hampton (i.e. Earl of Southampton), the hero of a mediaeval romance, of whom incredible stories were told H8 i. i. 38.
bevy : company, properly, of ladies H8 i. iv. 4, Ham. V. ii. 197 (I'l Beany, Qq breeel).
beware : take care of IHti i. iii. 47 b. your beard.
beweep U'seJ now chiefly in imitation of S.)
1 to deplore Sonn. xxix. 2 beiveep nty outcast state.
2 to Wet with tears Hani. iv. v. 39. bewray: to reveal :{Hij i. i. 211, Cor. v. iii. 95«oiiW
beiirny irhat life We have led. Tit. ii. iv. 3. beyond: beyoitel beyond, (?) surpassing everything
Cym. HI. ii. 57 (but Ff rightly 6(yo)((/, btyoiid). Bezbnian (common Eliz., fi'om It. 'bisogno ' need):
needy beggar, rascal 2H4 v. iii. 115, 2Ht3 iv. i. 134. bias sb. (all the uses are derived from bowls)
1 one-iided form of the bowl whicli gives an oblique motion to it ; in fig. phrase against the bias Shr. IV. V. 25, R2 in. iv. 5 ; assays of bias, indirect attempts Ham. ii. i. 05.
2 fig. swaying influence John n. i. 574, &c.
3 preponderating tendency, bent Tw.X. v. i. 270 nature to her bias elreic ; LLL. iv. ii. 114, Pilgr. v. 5 101] (' the student leaves his special studv ').
bias adj. : protruding on one side like a bowl I'roil.
IV. V. 8 thy sphered bias cheek. bias adv. : awry Troll, i. iii. 15 dratv Bias, iv. v. 108
bias-flrniiini/'i= turning away fi-om tlie truth). biddy : fowl, chicken, Tw.X. in. iv. 130. bide : to dwell or insist upon Wint. i. ii. 242. biding" : abode, dwelling Lr. TV. vi. 229, Lucr. 550. bifold : double, twofold Troil. v. ii. 141 (Q by-foulel,
Yihyfoul{e).
big (1 orig. sense ; the S. exx. are late instances)
1 strong, stout, mighty H5 r\-. ii. 43 Biej Mars ; fig. Otii. in. iii. 350 bitj tears. [viii. 40.
2 great with young C'ym. i. i. 39 ; fig. Mer.V. n.
3 haughty, pompous All'sW. i. iii. 101 fi biij heart, H8 I. i."ll9 Shall lessen this bie/ book.
bigamy : marriage with a widow (formerly an ecclesiastical offence) R3 in. vii. 188.
bilberry: conuuon midland name of the wliortlc- bcrry, Vaccinium Myrtillus, Wiv. v. v. 61.
bilbo : properly, sword of Bilbao, noted for the temper and elasticity of its blade Wiv. in. v. 115 likt ei (jood bilbo . . . hilt to point.
bilboes : shackles sliding on an iron bar which is locked to the floor, used for mutinous sailors Ham. v. ii. 6 the inutmcsin the bilboes.
bile ihyle) : spellings in the old edd. of boil sb.
billsb.': obsolete military weapon consisting of a long wooden handle liaving at one end a blade or axe-shaped head R2 iii. ii. 118 ; in the 10th and 17th centuries painted or varnished in diffe- rent coloui-s, hence broiva bill 2H0 iv. x. 14, Lr.
— BX.ADDEK
IV. vi. 93 ; a similar weapon used by constables (with play on BiLLsb.=) Ado in. iii. 189 being taken, up of these men's bills, 2He iv. vii. 134. bill sb.- (3 late exx. of this sense ; 5 is very rare)
1 note, memorandum Sihr. iv. iii. 145 Error i' the bill, ties. V. ii. 1.
2 draft of an act Wiv. ii. i. 29, H5 i. i. 1.
3 list, catalogue, inventory MND. i. ii. 109 ei bill of properties, Mac. in. i. 100.
4 note or account of charges Tim. iii. iv. 50.
5 label AYL. i. ii. 132 With bills on the uecks.
0 advertisement, placard Ado i. i. 39 Be set up his bills, Cses. IV. iii. 112 bills of otitlatrry.
7 = bill of exchange Wiv. i. i. 10, Shr. iv. ii. 80 6///.s- for money by i.rih<nt(/i. [iii. OU.
billet sb. : thick stick used as a weapon Meas. iv. billet vb. (twice only in S.)
1 to enroll Cor. tv. iii. 48 distinctly billeted.
2 to assign quarters to 0th. ii. iii. 389 yo tthere thou ati billeted.
bird (1 oiig. sense, from which the mod. sense was developed ; cf. Scotch proverb ' Eveiy craw thinks its ain bird the whitest' : 2 not pre-S. ; 4 partly the old word 'burd'= maiden, partly fig. use of 1 or the ordinary sense)
1 young of the feathered tribes 1H4 v. i. GO the cuckoo's bird, 3H6 ii. i. 91, Tit. u. iii. 154.
2 game-bird ; fig. prey, object of attack Shr. v. ii. 46 Am I your bird? (cf. Kom. n. ii. 182i.
3 term of familiar endeanuent Tp. iv. i. 184, Ham. I. v. 110 come, bird, come.
4 (?) maiden, girl Cym. iv. ii. 197. bird-bolt : blunt-headed arrow for shooting birds
Ado I. i. 42 (Q Ff bttrboU), Tw.N. i. v. 99. birding : hawking with a sparrow-hawk at small
birds, which were driven into a bush ami shot
Wiv. in. iii. 245 ; so birding-piece iv. ii. 00. birlady : old form of by'r lady. birth ^tlle sense of 'act of bringing forth, being
born ' is frequent)
1 that which is born 2H4 r\\ iv. 122 loathly births.
2 parentage, descent ; esp. high descent, good family, noble lineage Ado li. i. 174 no equal fo> his birth, John ii. i. 430 a match of birth.
3 nature Rom. ii. iii. 20 RetoUs front true birth.
4 nativitv, horoscope 2H0 iv. i. 'S-i calculate my b. birtb-child : child born in a particular place'Per.
IV. iv. 41 (.Marina was born in Thetis element,
the sea). [130).
bisson (1 also in mod. edd. b. miiltitiHle + Cor. in. i.
1 purblind Cor. n. i. 72 (Fibees<ini(().
2 (?) blinding Ham. ii. ii. 537 [529] bisson rheum. bite vb. ; bite the (or one's) lip for the purpose of re- straining anger or agitation Slir. n. i. 243, H8in. ii. 114, Troil. iir. iii. 250; bite the thumb at, to defy ' by putting the thumbe nailc into the mouth, and with a ierko from the upper teeth make it to knack ' (Cotgr.) Rom. I. i. 60 ; bite one's tont/ue, to be silent or speechless 2H0 i. i. 231, 3H'6 I. iv. 47, Tit. in. i. 132 ; bite by the ear as a sign of fondness Rom. ii. iv. 84 ; bite by the nose, to treat witli contempt Meas. irr. i. 107.
bitiimed: pitched as with bitumen Per. m. i. 72 l(,)q billumtil), in. ii. 50 iQq buttonied).
blackberry : used as a type of what is of little worth 1114 n. iv. 209 as plenty as blackberries, Troil. V. iv. 13 is not proved tcorlh a b. % Cf. ' He settetlie nut therby a blalvberic ' iHoccleve).
Black Monday : Easter Monday Mer.V. ii. v. 25. ^The current explanations of this name rest on doubtful evidence.
blackness: w-ickedness Per i. ii. 89.
bladder: boil, pustule Troil. v. i. 24 bluilelersfutl of imposthuiiu.
BIiADED
bladed : in t}ie blade MND. i. i. 211 the bladedgmss,
Mac. IV. i. 55* (' not yet in the ear'). blank sb. (etyniol. meaning is ' something white ')
1 white spot in the centre of a target ; fig. any- thing aimed at, range of such aim Wint. li. iii. 5 out of the blank And leid nf my brain, Troil. ui. iii. 232, Ham. iv. i. -12 As Itcd as the cannuii to his blank. . ., Lr. I. i. 101, 0th. lu. iv. 121 stood within the blank of his displeasure.
2 lottery ticket which does not gain a prize Cor. v. ii. 10 lots to blanks ( = all the world to nothing).
3 blank paper Soun. Ixxvii. 10 ; gs\>. = blank charter (R2 I. iv. -18), document given to the agents of the crown in Ricliard Us reign to till up as they pleased R2 il. i. 251.
4 void T\v. X. II. iv. 112 what's her history 1 — A. blank. blank vb. : to make pale, blanch Ham. lU. ii. 232. blast (3 metaphor from the testing of cannon)
1 to ' split ' (the ears) witli a din Aut. jv. viii. 36.
2 to witlier or fall under a blight Gent. I. i. 48 hlastiiiij in the bud, Lucr. 49.
3 to burst Ham. iv. vii. 154 // this should blast in liroof
blastment : blight Ham. i. iii. 42. blazon sb. (1, 2 proper tei-ms of heraldry)
1 armorial bearings, coat of arms Wiv. V. v. 70 With loyal blazon ; tig. Tw.N. i. V. 314.
2 description of armorial bearings according to the rules of heraldry, (hence simply) description Ado II. i. 309 I think your blazon to be true.
3 ]iroclaiming, publishing Ham. i. v. [iv.] 21 this fji rnal 6., Sonn. cvi. 5 inthe b. of sweet beauty s best.
blazon vb. (used partly with heraldic metaphor)
1 to describe fitly, set forth honourably in words, publish the praises of Rom. ii. vi. 26, 0th. ii. i. 03 the quirks of blazoning pens, Compl. 217 \Vith wit well blazon'd.
2 to proclaim, make public Tit. iv. iv. 18 blazoning iiur injistire fiery where. Cym. iv. ii. 170.
bleak : pale All's W. i. i. 116 Look b. in the cold wind.
blear the eyes : to hoodwink, deceive Shr. v. i. 120.
bleeding' : running or suffused with blood, bloody .Tulin n. i. 304 ^/(« b. ground, C'ses. iii. i. 168, Mac. v. ii. 4 : tig. unstanched, unhealed Cor. ii. i. 87 dis- miss the controversy b.; as adv. Tim. i. ii. 81 b.-new.
blench, sb. : swerving, inconstancy Soun. ex. 7.
blencll vb.: to start aside, 'shy' at, flinch /roHi Mcas. IV. V. 5 blench frooi this to that, Troil. I. i. :io //. lit sufirance. Ham. ii. ii. 634 [626]// Ac but b.
blend: Weii<lod Compl. 215.
blent: blcn<kd Mer.V. ui. ii. 182, Tw.X. i. v. 259.
bless (3 in Ado i. iii. 70, with a pun on the sense ' cross oneself, sign oneself with the cross ')
1 to guard, keep /rom R3 lir. iii. 4.
2 to make happy with some gift Tp. n. i. 1.31, H8 n. iv.Mblest with matiy children, Err. fl. i. 79 (ironi- cally)
3 rcfl. to esteem oneself supremely happy Wint. HI. iii. 116, 2H4ii. iv. 102 yon would bless you to liiitr II hat he said.
blest: endowed with healing virtues (cf. plant- names like 'blessed thistle") Per. iir. ii. 35 the hli st infusions Tliat dwell in vegetives . . .
blind (2 cf. L. ' caeca nox ' Virgil, ' caecum an- trum ' Lucan)
1 lieedless, regardle.ss, reckless, indiscriminate Tw.X. V. i. 239 the b. wares, H5 m. iii. 34 TItc b. and bloijilfi solilii.r. R.3 i. iv. 202 to thy oirn soul so b.
2 enveloped in darkness, dark, obscure R3 in. vii. 1l8 bliiiil firijitfulness {Ff darki), v. iii. 02 b. rare itl'ftiriiiil iiii/ht, Lucr. 675 blind roncialing night.
blindfold I twice in S.; 1 is an exceptional use)
1 tiKit (Icsiioys the sight R2 i. iii. 224 b. death.
2 rtckkss Veu. 654 blindfold fury.
18 -BLOW
blindness : concealment Err. iii. ii. 8 Mitffle your false lore with some sliow of blindness.
blister'd: puffed H8 i. iii. 31 l^hort b. breeches.
bloatt : soft-bodied, puffed, bloated Ham. in. iv. 182 (Ff 6/(1/(0. Ti The proper form is blowt (Qq), i(jv which Warburton substituted bloat. ' Blowty ' in the same sense is used in Lincolnshire.
block : wooden mould for a hat, (hence) shape or fashion (of hat) Ado L i. 78, Lr. iv. vi. 188.
blood ifles-h and b., let (a person) b. are fref|. ; man of blood'yiac. III. iv. 126, 4 a hunting expression)
1 vital fluid, (hence) life Rom. in. i. 189 the price of Ills dear blood.
2 supposed source of emotion, (hence) passion Ado II. 1. ISd, faith melteih into blood; temper, niood. dis- position Ado I. iii. 30 it better fits nty blood, 2H4 iv. iv. 38, Tim. rv. ii. 38, Ham. ui. ii. 74 Whose blood andjudgnient are so well comimded ; (emphatically) high temper, mettle, anger Mer.V. i. ii. 20, Lr. rv. ii. 64.
3 fleshly nature of man Tp. rv. i. 53 the fire i' the blood, Compl. 162.
4 /)( blood, in full vigour, full of life LLL. iv. ii. 4, 1H6 IV. ii. 48, Cor. i. i. 165 ('art in the worst condition for running '), rv. v. 226.
5 blood-relationship, (hence) parentage, descent, stock, kindred Meas. iii. i. 141, MND. i. i. 135. AYL. I. i. 48, John iv. ii. 99 That hlnnd which ow'd ( = owned) the breadth of all this isle, IHO iv. v. 16, Mac. II. iii. 147 the near in b., The nearer bloody.
6 good parentage or stock Gent. iii. i. 121 a gentle- man of blood, Troil. iir. iii. 26.
7 man of Are. spirit, or mettle Alo iii. iii. 140, LLL. V. ii. 713, Caes. i. ii. 150 tlie bn id of noble b-s.
blood-bolter'd : having tlie hair matted with bloo 1 Mac. rv. i. 123 b. lianquo. ■f|In Shropsliire tangled or unkempt hair is called ' bantered " : in Warwickshire snow is said to ' baiter' on lioi-se.s' feet ; in Cheshire things are said to be ' bantered ' with mud.
blood-drinking sighs 2H6 ni. ii. 63 : ref. to the popular notion that every sigh causes the heart to lose a drop of blood.
blood-sucker: bloodthirsty person 2H6 in. ii. 226.
bloody 2 tir^t rfcorded from S.)
1 consistini.Mif Mood AYL. in. v. 1 bloody drops; con- taining blood John iv. ii. 2\0* the bloody house of life (=the body).
2 blood-red H5 i. ii. 101 bloody flag, Cses. v. i. 14.
3 passionate 2H4 it. i. ."54 ■* Led on by bloody youth. blossom (much commoner than 'bloom')
1 one lovely and full of promise Wint. in. iii. 43 Jilossoni, sptedthee well, lH6iv. vii. 16, (ironically) Tit. IV. ii. 7.3.
2 in the blossoms, in the prime, at the height Wint. V. ii. 140, Ham. I. v. 76 in the blossoms of my sin.
blot (2 is common Eliz.: 3 not pre-S.1
1 to tarnish, stain, sully Shr. v. ii. 140 It blots thy beauty; absol. LLL. iv. iii. 241.
2 to calumniate, throw mud at John ii. i. 132.
3 to obscure Ven. 184 raponrs iihen they blot the sky. blowsb.:(?) mixture of senses (a) stroke, (b) blasting
noise Shr. i. ii. 212. ^ S. is the earliest authority iorfcdl to blows 2K6 n. iii. 82, at a b. 3H6 v. i. .50. blow vb. ' (2 not pre-S. , but ' blowing ' = ' flies" eggs' is earlier)
1 to inflate, swell, putf up Tw.X. n. v. 49, Ant. iv. vi. 34 This bloirs my heart.
2 (of flies) to deposit their eggs (on) and so make foul Tp. in. i. 63, LLL. v. ii. 410, Otii. iv. ii. 66 sutnintr flics . . . That quicken >rin with btowivo.
blow vb.^: to blossom, bUiom Gent. i. i. 40, MXP. n. i. 249 (( bank whtrcon-f the mid thyme blown ; tig. Troil. I. iii. 317.
SImOWN
blown ppl. a.i (1 a very rare use)
1 wLispered, hinted 0th. in. iii. 182 (Ff hluncd).
2 swollen, inflated (lit. and fig.) 1H4 iv. ii. 54 b.Juck,
Cor. V. iv. 51 /lie b. tide, Lr. iv. iv. 27 b. uiubitiun. blown ppl. a." : blossomed Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 39. blowse : ruddy-faced fat wench Tit. jv. ii. 73. blowt : see bloat.
blue (first in S. as applied to mountains, flame, and veins)
1 formerly the distinctive colour of the dress of servants .Shr. iv. i. 93, 1H6 i. iii. 47 Blue vuats to in any coats.
2 leaden-coloured, livid Wiv. iv. v. 117 heafen black and blue, v. v. 51 as blue as bilbctrij.
3 applied to the bluish-black circle round the eyes caused by weeping or watching AYL. lu. ii. 398, Lucr. 1587.
blue-bottle : nickname for a beadle, in allusion to his blue uniform 2H4 v. iv. 22 (Ff bluv-Bott(c)rd, Q bleabottk).
blue-cap: a 'blue-bonnet' or Scotchman 1H4 ii. iv. 397. ^A broad round flat cap of blue woollen material was fonnerly common in Scotland.
blue-ey'd: see blue 3, Tp. i. ii. 269 tin's b. hay.
blvint (1 historically the earliest; 'dull-edged,' of a tool, is later; this occurs in S., as well as the meaning 'abrupt, unceremonious")
1 of dull perception, dull-witted Gent. n. vi. 41, 2H4 Ind. 18 the blu)tt monster with \incounted heads ( = ' the many-headed multitude ').
2 nide, unpolished, 3H6 iv. viii. 2 blunt Hollanders, Lucr. 1300 ; (hence) rough, harsh, unfeeling 3H6 V. i. 86 so blunt, unnatural, Ra I. iii. 104. Ven. 884 the blunt boar, rourjh bear, or lion proud.
blurt: to pooh-pooh n^ Per. n'. iii. 34 ours was
blurted at. board (1 and 2 are fig. uses of the hostile entering
of a ship ; the sense ' provide meals for ' occurs)
1 to make advances to, address, accost Wiv. ii. i. 91, Shr. I. ii. 96, All's W. v. iii. 213.
2 b(ar up and board 'em Tp. III. ii. 3 (.' make another attack on the bottle ').
boar-pig: young boar 2H4ir. iv. '2h0 Bartholomttcb. boast (used both intr. andrefl. in the usual sense)
1 to display proudly Lucr. 55 ^Yhin beauty boasted blushts.
2 bejast off, to ci-y up, praise highly Tp. iv. i. 9. bob sb.: 'rap', jibe, taunt AYL. h. vii. 55. bob vb.' (of different origin fi-om bob vb.- and vb.')
1 to cheat out of Troil. iii. i. 76 You shall not bob us out of our melody.
2 to filch 0th. V. i. \% jewels that I bohb'd/rom him. bob vb.- : to bang, thump R3 v. iii. 335 bobh'd, and
thnmp'd, Troil. ll. i. 75. bob vb.^ : to move with a jerk MXD. ii. i. 49 tiyainst
/((»• lips I boh. bodement: omen, augury Troil. v. iii. 80, Mac. rv.
i. 96 Siieit bodements! bodg'e : to give way 3H6 i. iv. 19. bodkin (1 the orig. sense, Chaucer onwanis ; the
mod. use is post-S.)
1 dagger Ham. lil. i. 76 When he himself miyht his quietus make With a hate hodkin.
2 small pointed instrument for piercing holes in cloth, &c., Wint. III. iii. 87.
3 long pin or pin-shaped ornament for the hair LLL. v. ii. 612 The head of a bodkin.
\)Ody forth : to give mental shaie to MXD. v. i. 14.
^ Imitated by modern writers. boggier : waverer Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 110 i'ou hare
been a boyyler ever. boil sb. (old edd. bile, byle) : Cor. i. iv. 31 BoHs and
plrif/ues piaster you n'cr .' boiled: boiled brains (Ffn^ hyplicncd'. hot-headed
19 -BOND
fellows Wint. in. iii. 63 (cf. Tp. v. i. 60, and MND. Y. i.i Lovers a ndinadme a huie such. veethiny brains); in boil'd stuff Cym. i. vi. 125 there is an allusion to the sweating-tub. bold (the ordiuai-y senses are well represented in S.)
1 be or wake (so) bold, to venture so far as to, pre- sume to Wiv. II. ii. 164, iv. v. 13 I'll be so bold us stay, H8 iir. ii. 319, Ven. 124 ; be or make bold with tor upon), to take liberties with, make free with Wiv. 11. ii. 267, Ado iii. ii. 8, Kom. iii. i. 83, Caos. n. i. 86 we are too bold upon your rest.
2 confident (o/), trusting (in) LLL. ii. i. 28 B. of your ■worthiness, AU'sW. V. i. 5, 0th. li. i. 51 my hopes . . .Stand inb. cure, Cym. it. iv. 2 Iain b. Iier honour Will n main, hirs ; SO make bold Cym. v. v. 89.
bold-beating : app. confusion of hold-facd (1H6 IV. vi. 121 anil 'brow-beating' : Wiv. ii. ii. 2'8yrjur hold-biiitiiiy oaths.
boldness: confidence Mea.s. iv. ii. l(Ji boldness of { = confidence in).
bolin : early form of ' bowline ' Per. in. i. 43 Slack the bolins there.
bollen (old edd. boln) : swollen Lucr. 1417 all boll'n and red ; Mer. V. iv. i. 56 bollen t bagpipe (old edd. Woollen ; many conj'. wauliny, &c.). [iii. 400.
bolster : to lie on a l)olster(i. e. together) Otli. iii.
bolt sb. (the senses ' door-fastening ' and ' thunder- bolt ' occur ; 2 was common from 1480 to 1690)
1 arrow, esp. one of the stouter and shorter kind with blunt or thickened head MND. ii. i. 165 the bolt of Cupid, Cym. iv. ii. 300 ; A fool's bolt is soon shot (proverb common from the 13th to 18th v.) H5 III. vii. 137 ; I'll make a shaft or a bolt out, Fll risk making something or other out of it, I'll make the venture Wiv. in. iv. 24.
2 fetter Meas. v. i. 345 Lay bolts enouqh on him, CjTU. v. iv. 10 tojjick that bolt. 204.
bolt vb." : to sift (lit. and fig.) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 377 the fanned snow That's b-ed by the northirn blasts.
bolt vb.2 : to fetter (fig.) Ant. v. ii. 6 shackles acci- dents, and bolts lip chanye.
bolter : box or chest in which flour is sifted from bran 1H4 lir. iii. 81 / have yiien them away to baker.s' wives, and. they hare made bolters of them ; so bolting-hntcb fig. 1H4 ii. iv. 501.
bombard : leather j'ug for liquor (probably resem- bling the (annolis formerly so called) Tp. ii. ii. 21, lH4ir. iv. 503 thathu.ji b. of sack, H8 v. iv. 87.
bombast sb. : cotton wool used for padding or stuffing 1H4 n. iv. :;64 my sweet creature of b.\ fig. LLL. V. ii. 789 As h. and as lining to the lime.
bombast adj'.: inflated, turgid 0th. I. i. 13 bombast cirrit instance.
bona-roba : showy wanton (.T.) 2H4 in. ii. 26, 220.
bond (2 and 4 are the most freq. uses)
1 chain, fetter, usu. pL (often fig.) Err. v. i. 250 gnawing , , . my b-s in sunder, John in. iv. 70 liore them (= hairs) /row their h-s, Troil. i. iii. 66, Caes. I. i. 38 capfhe b-s, Cym. i. i. 117 b-s of death.
2 tic of duty, obligation of affection AYL. i. ii. 293 the natural bond of sisters. Cor. v. iii. 25 All bond and privilei/e of nature, Tim. i. i. 145, Lr. I. i. 95 / lore your majesty According to my bond, Sonn. cxvii. 4 Whereto all bunds do tie me ; Cses. u. i. 280 bond of m-arriage ; cf. H8 ii. iv. 38 My bond to wedlock.
3 cementing or uniting force Wint. rv. iii. [iv.]586 Prosperity's the very bond of love.
4 deed by which one binds oneself to another to make a payment or fulfil a contract iMer.V. i. i'i. 28 / think I may take his bond, in. ii. 318, &c., R2 II. i. 64 rolten parchment bonds ; often fig. and in extended use, R3 iv. iv. 77 Cancel his bond of life, Mac. III. ii. 49 Caned and tear to pieces that
BONDAGE - 20
iiruit hijii/l ( = Ban iuo"s life), Sonn. cxlii. 7 seal'cl fdlse homh of love, Lucr. 136. bondag'e (1 with allusion to senses 'captivity', ami ' servitude ')
1 coiulition of being bound Cym.v.v.307i(;^/j/sf(»-Bis alone ; they were not born for lionihuje Conipl. 34.
2 binding force, obligation Cym. ii. iv. Ill the vows eif iifimcn Of no more howJuije he . . .
bone I the usual senses are Ireq. ; 2 used only in '■atlis ; 4 cf. ' The lace-makers still call their work getting their bread out of the bones ', Naresj
1 ijOHtii/ honex, unborn child Lr. ii. iv. 163.
2 tin honm, lingei-s 2H6 i. iii. 193.
3 pi. some rude musical instrument MXD. iv. i. 33.
4 pi. boblMns with whicli bone-lace was made Tw.X. n. iv. 45 weave their thread with bonis.
bonnet: to take off the bonnet in token of respect Cor. II. ii. 30 those who, havinr/ hien supple and eonrfeons to the people, bonneted.
bonny (2 doubtful sense ; 3 still dialectal)
1 pleasant to look upon, comely 2Htj v. ii. 12 the bonny beast he lov'd so well. Ham. iv. v. 186 bonny sirvd Robin, [line of an old ballad]
2 big. stout AYL. n. iii. 8 b. priser (mod. edd. bony).
3 gladsome Ado ii. iii. 71 be you blithe and honny. book (fig. and allusive uses of 2 are freq.)
1 writing, document 1H4 ill. i. 224 By that time will our book, I think, be drawn.
2 volume or literary work read or consulted (freq.); fig. John n. i. 485 tins hook of beauty (— Bianca), Rom. I. iii. 87 This precious ho<d; ejf love, this unbound /o/fc ( = Paris); 2H4 m. i. 45 the hook of fate, R2i. iii. 202 the hook of life, Sonn. xxv. Wfrom the book of honour razid quite ; Tphrases by the hoejk, accord- ing to prescription, with due fomiality AYL. v. iv. 95, R')ni. l. v. 114 ; cf. in. i. 108 ; without look, from memoiy, by rote Tw.N. i. iii. 29, Ti-oih ii. i. 20 learn a prayer without bejok.
3 the Bible Wiv. i. iv. 152, LLL. iv. iii. 250 who can yireanoath? where in a. book?. Hence book-oath '2H4 u. i. 115. Also = religious office-book John III. iii. 12 Bell, look, and candle.
4 = account-book Lr. lil. iv. 98 keep . . . thy pen from lender's books, Cym. m. iii. 26 keeps his book iin- cross'd; = memorandum-book, note-book, or book of records, often fig. IHO ii. iv. 101 I'll note ijou in my book of memory, 2H6 i. i. 101 Blottiny your nami s from bookn of memory. Cor. v. ii. 15 I have been The book of liis yeyod acts. Ham. i. v. 103, Per.
I. i. 94; (hence) in a person's hookls = in favour with him Ado i. i. 80, Shr. ii. i. 223, 2H4 ir. ii. 51 in the devil's hook.
5 by extension of sense 2 = (i) rigmarole, screed Ado I. i. 317 [309] (( b. of words ; (ii) study, learn- ing, instruction Tp. iii. i. 94 I'll to my b., AYL. n. i. 16 tongues in trees, b-s i>i the runniny brooks, H8 I. i. 122 A b(i/;/ar's b. Outworlhs a nobk 's blood.
bookful : Ado V. ii. 32 ; or read, a ivhole hook full. book-man : scholar, student LLL. ri. i. 225, &c. book-mate: fellow-student LLL. iv. i. 103. boorish: used as sb. = illiterate speech AYL. v.
i. 54. boot sb.' (3 influenced by the word ' booty ')
1 something given in addition or into the bargain AVint. IV. iii. [iv.] 6.54, R3 iv. iv. 65 I'onng York he is hut boot, Troil. iv. v. 40 I'll yive you boot ; rilyive you thr^eforone ; esp. in phr. to b. (freo.).
2 advantage, profit : phrases make boot of, profit by Ant. iv. i. 9 ; it is no boot, it is of no avail or use Shr. v. ii. 177 ; to hoot, to our lielp Wint. i. ii. 80, R3 V. iii. 302 Saint Oeorye to boot !
3 bootv, plunder in phr. make boot {upon, of) 1H4
II. i. 01, H5 I. ii. 194, 2H6 iv. i. 13. boot sb.- ; to yivc (a person) the bouts, to fool him
— BOTS
Gent. I. i. 27'. ^ Cf. 'to give one the boots, to sell him a bargaine ' Cotgr. s.v. Bailler. boot vb.' (1 the usual sense ; 2 once)
1 to a-vail : intr. R2 iii. iv. 18 ; trans. Gent. i. i. 28.
2 to enrich with an additional gift Ant. ii. v. 71 / (('/// hejot thee with what ijift biside . . .
boot vl).= : to put on one"s boots 2H4 v. iii. 138. boot-hose : over-stocking covering the leg like
a jack-boot Shr. in. ii. 69 a ktrsey boot-hose. bootless: unavailing (freq.) ; adv. MSD. u. i. 37,
Tit. III. i. 36. border : to keep within bounds Lr. iv. ii. 33. bore sb. (2 metaphor from a gun)
1 small hole Cor. iv. vi. 88 (see augek), Cym. iii. ii. 58 the bores of hearing ( = the eai-s).
2 calibre (fig.; Ham. l\'. vi. 28 too light for the bore of the matter. [v.)
bore vb. (2 used by Fletdier, ' Spanish Cm-ate ' iv.
1 to perforate, trans, and intr. MND. iii. ii. 53, R2
III. ii. 170.
2 to clieat, gull H8 1, i. 128 He b-s me with some trick. Boreas: the north wind Troil. i. iii. 38thc ruffian B. bore-sprit : see Bowsprit. borrow sb.: borrowing Wint. i. ii. 39. borrow vb. (extensions of the common sense are)
1 to derive, receive Troil. iv. v. 132 any drop [of blood] thou borrow'dst from thy mother, Sonn. cliii. 5 Which borrow' d from this holy fire vf Love A dateless lively heat.
2 to assume, putonH5ll. iv. Id The borrow' d glories; cf. Lr. I. iv. 1 If but as well I other accents borrow ; hence borrowed often = counterfeit, false Rom.
IV. i. 104, Lucr. 1549 those borroit'd teecrs. bosky : shrubby Tp. iv. i. 81 My hosky acres. bosom sb. (bosom multiplied Cor. in. i. 130 prob.
= the bosom of the many-headed monster, i. e. the people ; bisson multitueh\) [38.
1 Abraham's h. (Luke xvi. 22) = Paradise K3 iv. iii.
2 fold or pocket in the front part of a bodice, used for letters, &c. Gent. I. ii. Ill, Ham. ii. ii. 112.
3 seat of affection, desire, passion = 'heart' (freq.); Lr. V. iii. 50 the common b. (=the affections of the populace) ; sometimes = (i) repositoiy of secrets Meas. v. 1. 10 To lock it in the wards of covert b., Ctes. v. i. 7 / eem in their b-s, Lr. iv. v. 26 you are of herb.; (ii) desire, intimate thoughts Meas. IV. iii. 143 have your b. on this wretch, Uth. m. i. 58 To speak your b. freely.
4 of things : (i) surface John rv. i. 3 the h. of the ground, Rom. i. iv. 102, ii. ii. 32 the b. of the air ; (ii) enclosing walls (of a tower) R2 v. i. 3 whose flint b.; (iii) depths, inmost recesses LLL. iv. iii. 32, John II. i. 410 this city's b., R3 i. i. 4 the deep h. of the ocean ; cf. H8 li. iv. 180 the b. of my con- science ( = my inmost conscience).
bosomi vb. (Cf. ' I'll bosom what I think', John Day, 1606)
1 lit. to take to the bosom, embrace ; (hence) to admit to close companionship Lr. v. i. 13 con- junct And bosoin'd irith her.
2 to keep in secret H8 l. i. 112 B. up my counsel. botch sb. : flaw resulting from iiuskilfui workman- ship Mac. HI. i. 134 ; so botch vh. to patch, esii. unskilfully (chiefly fig. witli /(;/) Tw.X. iv. i. 6(1 hoa< many fruitless pranks This ruffian hath b-'it up ( = clumsily contrived), H5ii. ii. 115, Ham. iv.
V. 10 b. the words up to fit their own thoughts ; botcher AU'sW. iv. iii. 211, Cor. ii. i. 99.
botchy con, central hard mass of a boil or tumour Troil. II. i. 6 ^?soIne pun on botch vb.).
both-sides: duubk-faccd AllsW. iv. iii. 252 Damn- uhli Imlh-sidis rogiii !
bots : disrase ot horse s caused by parasitic worms or maggots Shr. III. ii. 67, IHl ii. i. 11 ; in oaths
BOTTLE
21
—BRANCHLESS
Per. 11. i. 1'28 bols on't. fj ' Bots ' was used both as sing, (for the disease) and as pi. (for the mag- gots) in Eliz. times.
bottle : truss (of hay i MND. iv. i. 38.
bottled (not pre-S.) : bottle-shaped, big-bellied E3 I. iii. :i42 that hotthd spider, iv. iv. 81.
bottom sb. (freq. in the ordinary sense, and fig. ■= ' depths ')
1 low-lying land, valley AYL. iv. iii. 80 down in the ne/yhbour bottom, 1H4 iii. i. 106 so rich a b.
2 ship, vessel (orig. the keel or hull) Mer. V. I. i. 42 3Iy rentures are not in one bottom trusted, Tw.N. V. i. 61, John n. i. 73, H5 ni. Chor. 12.
3 ball of thread Shr. iv. iii. 137 b. of brown thread. bottom vb. (cf. prec. 3) : to wind, as a skein of
thread Gent. in. ii. 53 as you itnwind her love from
him . . . Van must p^roride to bottom it on me. bottom-g-raes : grass growing in low valleys
Yen. 236. bounce sb. and int. : bang John ir. i. 462 cannon
jirf, and smoke undbounce, 2H4nr. ii. 307 'bounce,''
no til (I a' say. bound sb. (' bound ' = leap is a different word)
1 boundaiy, limit, barrier (lit. and fig. ) Tp. i. ii. 97 A conjidence sans bound, MXD. in. ii. 65, John III. i. Ii Like a proud river peering o'er his bounds ; Hani. IV. vii. Ii8 Jievenye should have no bounds.
2 chiefly pi. territory, district, precinct Err. i. i. 133 tl'irouyk the bounds of Asia, Tim. v. iv. 61 in your city's hounds ; sometimes sing. = area Tp. li. i. 1.59 bound of land, 1H4 v. iv. 90.
bound vb.' : to enclose, confine, restrict .Tohn ii. i.
431, 442 the banks that bound them in, Troil. i. iii.
Ill the boundid waters, xv. v. 128. bound vb." (not pre-Eliz.; 1 and 2 are obs.)
1 to recoil, rebound All'sW. ll. iii. 314 these heills bound; there's noise in it, R2 I. ii. 58 ('She coiii- paies her reiterated complaints to the rebound- ing of a tennis-ball ').
2 to cause to leap H5 v. ii. 145 bound my horse. bound ppl. a.' (older ' boun ', ' bun ' of Norse origin)
1 ready, prepared 3H6 ii. iv. 3, Ham. I. v. 6 I am bound to hear, in. iii. 41 « man to double business bound, Lr. in. vii. 11.
2 intending to go Err. rv. i. 3 b. To Persia, Cor. in. i. 53, Ham. rv. vi. 10, 6. for England, Sonn. Ixxxvi. 2.
bound ppl. a.- (pa. pple. of the vb. 'bind ')
1 under obligation, obliged 1H6 n. i. 37.
2 I dare be bound, I am certain Cym. iv. iii. 18. bounden: obliiied/o AYL. i. ii. 303, John in. iii. 29. bounteous, bountifully, bounty are freq. used
where ' generous ' and ' liberal ' and their deriva- tives would be now usual.
bourn' : brook Lr. in. vi. 28 Come o'er the bourn.
bourn- : boundary, confine, limit Wint. i. ii. 135 Xo b. 'twixt his and mine. Ant. i. i. 16 I'll set a b. how far to be belov'd, Lr. iv. vi. 58 this chalky b. ( = Dover clitfs). TJThe meaning in Ham. in. i. 79 country from whose b. Xo traveller returns has been variously taken by modern writers to be ' goal ' and ' realm, domain '.
bout : round or turn (in fencing) Tw.N. ni. iv. 341, Ham. IV. vii. 158, v. ii. 298 ; transf. to dancing Rom. I. V. 21 ladies that have the toes Vnplagued with corns will walk a bout\ with you (Qi have about = a bout, Qq Ft icalke about).
bowsb.: yoke for oxen AYL. in. iii. 85 As the o.v luith his bow.
bow vb. : to cause to bend, make crooked Shr. n. i. 151 boii'd her hand to teach her fingering, H8 n. iii. 36 tt three-pence bow'd, Per. iv. ii. 94 you arc a young foolish sapling, and must be bowed ; fig. H5 I. ii. 14 wrest, or bow your reading, Cor, v. v. [vi.] 25 He bow'd his nature.
bow-back : < urved or arched back Yen. 619. •[i ' Bow-backed " is recorded from 1470. [16.
bow-boy : boy with the bow, i.e. Cupid, Kom. n. iv.
bow-case: ease in wliich a bow is kept ; in 16th- 17th cent, applied humorously to a lean starve- ling 1H4I1. iv. 277.
bowels: used in the Eliz. period = offspring Meas. in. i. 29 thine own bowels, which do call thee sire.
bower : to embower, enclose Kom. ui. ii. 81.
bowg'et: see budget.
bow hand: hand that holds the bow in arcliei-y, i. e. the left hand LLL. iv. i. 137 Wide o' the b.
bowl (four times in S.; 1 rhymes with 'owl ')
1 to play at bowls LLL. r\". i. 142 challenge her to b.
2 to cause to roll Ham. ii. ii. 526 [518J.
3 to roll like a bowl, i. e. with a regular motion Wint. n'. iii. [iv.] 340' if it be not too rough for some
that knoiv little but bowling.
4 howl'd, pelted with rolling missiles Wiv.in.iv. 91. bowsprit : Yibon-sprit{t, common Eliz. form Tp. i.
ii. 200. boy my greatness : Ant. v. ii. 219 ; allusion to the
fact that l)oys or youths played female parts on
the stage in S.'s time. boy-queiier : boy-killer Troil. v. v. 45. brabble: quarrel, brawl Tw.X. v. i. 69 hi private
b. did ire appreliend him. Tit. ii. i. 62 This petty b. brabbler : quarreller, brawler John v. ii. 162 ; cf.
Troil. V. i. 102 Be will spend his mouth , . . like
Jlrabbler the hound. brace sb. (etym. meaning ' the two arms ', (hence)
'armour covering the arms' ; 3 orig. of dogs,
perhaps because the leash was called a brace)
1 (?) coat of armour "Per. n. i. 137.
2 state of defence 0th. i. iii. 24 stands not in such war-like brace.
3 pair (of dogs) 3H6 ii. v. 129 b. of greyhounds ; (of persons, freq.) Tp. v. i. 126 my h. of lords, [ii. 169.
brace vb.: to tighten the skin of (a drum) John v.
bracta.: kind of hound that hunts by scent Shr. Ind. i. 17, Lr. m. vi. 72 b. or lym ; esp. a bitch-hound 1H4 111. i. 240 Lady, my brach, Lr. i. iv. 125.
bragf vb. (the foil, are rare uses ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 to boast of, vaunt Cor. i. viii. 13, Cym. v. iii. 93.
2 to talk with just pride of Rom. i. v. 71 brags of him To be a virtuous . . . youth, n. vi. 31.
brag'less(S.) : without vain boasting Troil. v. ix. 4.
braid adj. (S.) : (?) deceitful All'sW. rv. ii. 73.
braid vb.' : to plait Yen. 271 braielcd . . . mane, Compl. 35 slackly braided, [yourself.
braid vb.^ : to upbraid Per. l. i. 93 'Twould braid
brain sb. : bear a brain, to have remembrance Bom I. iii. 29 ; beaten with brains, satirized, mocked Ado V. iv. 104 ; for other phrases see boiled,
DRY, HOT, &C.
brain vb. (1 fig. from dashing out the brains)
1 to defeat Meas. v. i. 397 That brain'd my purpose.
2 to conceive in the brain (S.) Cym. v. iv. 147. brained : having brains Tp. in. ii. 7 brained like iis. brainisb : headstrong, passionate Ham. iv. i. 11. brake: thicket Yen. 816 her fawn hid in some b.; fig.
H8 1, ii. 75 the rough b. That virtue must go through. branch (1 peculiar to S. ; in AYL. iv. ii. 5 there is a ref. to the palm-branch and to the division of a deer's horn called a ' branch ')
1 pi. applied to the human hands Tit. ii. iv. 18 made thy body bare Of her two branches.
2 division, section, part Err. v. i. 106 a branch and parcel of mine oath, Mer.Y. n. ii. 68 branches of teaming. Ham. v. i. 12, Cym. v. v. 384.
branched : adorned with a figured pattern sug- gestingbraiichesTw.N. n. v. 65my branched velvet gown. 1 In use 1510-1700.
branchless : fig. destitute Ant. in. iv. 24.
3
BRAUD — i
brand : Cujiid's torch C'yiii. ii. iv. 91, Sonn. cliii. 1. brass : used to symbolize U) liarduess, iiupeiushable-
ness Meas. v. i. 11 chnracters of 0., H5 iv. iii. 97
live in 6., Cjes. i. iii. 93 ualh o/beattn h., Soiin. Ixiv.
4; (ii) insensibility Sonn. cxx. 4 I'liless mij nci-res
vu-eh.; (iii) obduracy LLL. v. ii. S'd'Jdiiy /ticeo/b. brass'dt : see brazeb. brassy : hard as brass, pitiless Mer.\ . iv. i. 31
hriiiisii hosrims and roiifih hinrts of flint. brave sli.: bravado, deifiant threat Slir. m. i. 15
Iinl! ni)t hcnr ilitse Inives of thine, John V. ii. 159
Tlun I ml thy bnne. Tit. n. i. 30. brave adj. (neither sense is pre-Eliz.)
1 finely arrayed ; (hence) sho^\'J-, splendid Shr. Ind. i. 40 bnne nttendnnt^, Sunn. xv. 8 uear their bnne state out of mimonj, Pilgr. xii. 4 [160] Youth like summer brave, aye like irinter bare.
2 verv freq. used as an epithet of praise of persons and" things : excellent, capital, line Ado v. iv. 131 bnne puHishme7its, AYL. iii. iv. 41 that's a brave man ! he writes brnre rerses, speaks brave words, swears brave oaths, 1H4 iv. i. 7 a braver place In my heart's love ; (ironically) Ham. it. ii. 619.
brave vl>. (1 freq. in S. ; 2 in common Eliz. use)
1 to challenge, defy (lit. and fig.) John iv. iii. 87 dar'sl thou brave a nobleman?, R3 iv. iii. 57 when traitors brave the field, Lucr. 40 so rich a thiny, Braviny compare ; also intr. in pres. pple. AlFsW. I. ii. 31 bravinij war, K2 il. iii. 112 braving arms.
2 to make splenilid Shr. iv. iii. 125, E3 v. iii. 280 Hi [tlif sun] shinild have h-'d the east fin hour ago.
bravely: nsed in the senses of the adj., but the meanings 'valiantly' and 'excellently, finely' are often blended, e. g. Mac. v. vii. 26 The noble thanea do bravely in the war.
bravery (sense ' valour ' does not clearly emerge)
1 defiance, bravado Ca?s. v. i. 10, Cym. m. i. 18.
2 splendour, finery, fine clothes Meas. i. iii. 10, AYL. II. vii. 80, Shr. it. iii. 57 With scarfs luid fans a>id double change of bravery, Sonn. xxxiv. 4.
3 ostentatious display Ham. v. ii. 79 the bravery of lii.t grief.
brawl sb. : French dance resembling a cotillon LLL, III. i. 9. T[A ditferent word from ' brawl ' = quarrel, squabble (cf. next).
brawl vb. (1 freq. in lit. sense ; 2, 3 not pre-S.)
1 to quarrel noisily ; (hence) to be clamorous, or noisy, or discordant Meas. iv. i. 11 my brawling discontent, Slu'. iv. i. 209 FU rail and brawl, 2H4i. iii. 70 as the times do b., Rom. i. i. 181 0 h-iny love !
2 (of a stream) to make a noise in its course over stones, &c. AYL. li. i. 32 the brook that breiwls . . .
3 to beat down with clamour John ii. i. 383. brawn (2 in common use from 1400 and now dial.)
1 tiesliy part of the bo 1y, esp. the arm, calf of the leg, or buttock Troil. i. iii. 297 in my vanlbran put this uitlur'd brawn, Cym. IV. ii. 311 The bnwns of Hercnhs ; attnb. = fleshy All'.s^V. ii. li. 20.
2 (?) boar (said of Falstatf) 1H4 n. iv. 125. brazed [from bkass] : hardened Ham. m. iv. 37
(FfQo braid, Qq.,-r, brasd, mod. edd. brass' d-\),
Lr. I. i. 11 1 am brazed to it. brazen: in fig. senses following those of brass
2HG III. ii. 89 ioos'd them [the winds] forth their
brazen caves, 3H6 n. iv. 4 a brazen wall. brazier : worker in brass H8 v. iv. 43 he should be
a brazier by his face. breach (1 is frei[. and colours other uses, esp. 2)
1 gap in a fortification made by a battery H6 iii. i. 1 Once more iin/o the Imacli, dear friends.
2 fissure or gap caused by breaking John rv'. ii. 32 patches set upon a little breach, Ven. 1175 ; esp. = wound Troil. iv. v. 244 the very breach whereout Hector's great spirit flew, Ven. 1066.
-BBZSATH
3 violation, infraction Eir. rv. i. 49 i. of promise, H5 IV. i. 182, Ham. i. iv. 16 a custom More honour'd ■in the breach, Cym. iii. iv. 27.
4 break-up of friendly relations, rupture H8 ]v. i. 106, Lr. I. ii. 167 nuptial hnaches.
5 theb. of the sea, the breakers or surf Tw.N. ii. i. 23. bread : God's bread, the sacramental bread, the
Host (used in oaths) Rom. iii. v. 177 ; bread and
cheese, typical of simple fare Wiv. ii. i. 139 I love
■no/ the liunidur of bnad and cheese. bread-chipper : see chip vb. 2H4 n. iv. 346 breadth: extent (S.) AUsW. in. ii. 26 (Fi brtdth,
Craig hrcath), John iv. ii. 99 (see blood 5), Per.
IV. i. 36.
break (see also broken)
1 to cut open (a persons head) Wiv. I. i. 126 I broke your head. Err. I. ii. 79 / shall b. that merry sconce of yours, il. i. ISIirill b. thy pate across ; similarly Kom. I. iii. 38 the day befori shi hmki Inr broir.
2 to crack (a joke) Shr. iv. v. 72 to Im ak a ji si ipon the company, Troil. i. iii. 148 ; similarly Ado ii. i. 154 briak a comparison or two upon me, li. iii. 256 rimiunils of wit broken on me.
3 to reveal, disclose H5 v. ii. 264 break thij mind to me, lH6i. iii. 82, Mac. i. vii. 48 bn<ik this entir- prise to me \ (hence) intr. construed with uifh or to, to make a revelation or disclosure Gent. in. i. 59 to break with thee of some affairs. Ado i. i. 319 I will break with her, find ivi'th her father, 336 to her father will I break, H8 v. i. 47.
4 to open (negotiations) Tit. v. iii. 19"* break the peirle (or ? = ' break oft' ').
5 to interrupt Wiv. iii. iv. 22 B. their talk, 2H4 r\'.
V. 65 have broke their sleep with thoughts, Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 31 a teeiring groan did break Thi name of Antony.
6 to make docile, train to Err. ni. i. 77 thon wanfest breaking, Shr. li. i. 148 break her to the lute ?
7 intr. to disband, disper.se All'sW. rv. iv. 11.
8 to become bankrupt, fail Mer. V. in. i. 123, (quihblingly) Rom. in. ii. 57.
9 of darkness : to be dispersed by light R3 v. iii. 87. 10 intr. and pass, to fall out or quarrel (with) Gent.
II. V. 19 What, are they broktn I Cor. iv. vi. 49 It cninint be The Volsns flare break leith us.
break the heart of, to kill or overwhelm with grief Ciir. i. i. 217 To break the hinrt of generosity, Lr. III. iv. 4, Lucr. 1239 /hry droini tinir eyes or break their hearts ; break one's heart, to die Wiv. II. ii. 326 they irill brink tin ir hmrts but they will effict. Tit. V. i. 113 ; break a lance, to have a tilting match 1H6 m. ii. 50 : break up, to tear open (seals) Mcr.V. ii. iv. 10, Wint. in. ii. 132 liriak up the seals, (end reftd ; with ref. to the technical term for cai-ving a fowl LLL. rv. i. 56 you can carve ; Break up this capon (see capon) ; break one's wind, to liecome broken-winded 1H4 II. ii. 13 ; break a word, to exchange words irith Err. in. i. 75.
break-neck : ruinous course Wint. i. ii. 363 ; break-promise AYL. rv. i. 202, break-vow John n. i. 56y breaker of promises, vows.
breast : pair of lungs, voice Tw.N. ii. iii. 21 the fool has an excellent breast. ^ Cf. 'Lets heare him sing, h'as a fine breast,' Fletcher.
breath : S. is an early authority for the senses : 'power of breathing' Err. iv. i. 57 yon run this humour out of b.. Ham. v. ii. 285 drink to Ham- let's better b. ; and ' breathing-space, short inter- val ' John III. iv. 134 one quiet b. of rest, H5 ii. iv. 145, R3 IV. ii. 24 .s-enne little b., some pause, Troil.
II. iii. 122 An after-dinner's b. ; the sense 'speech, utterance, language ' is freq. Ado v. i. 276, MND.
III. ii. 44 b. so bitter, Lr. i. i. 62.
BREATHE —
breathe (1 i« imitated by later poets ; 2 the opposite sense of ' rest, pause ' is freq.)
1 to speak Wiv. iv. v. 2 speak, hrenthe, disciiss, Ham. II. i. 44 The youth you breathe of.
2 to exercise briskly All's W. ii. iii. 272 to breathe thftiistU'cs upon thee.
breathed (see also lust-beeathed)
1 exercised, trained LLL. v. ii. 656 A man so hn nth '(/, AYL. i. ii. 234, Shr. Ind. ii. 50 as swift As bnalhid sla(/s. Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 177 ; (hence) in- ured Tim. I. i. 10 breath'd, as it were, To ait uii- tirable and coiitiimate goodness.
2 endowed with breath or life Wint. v. iii. 04. breather (not in general use before S.)
1 one wlio breathes, living creature AYL. iil. ii. 298, Sonn. Ixxxi. 12 <iU tlie breathers of this leorld.
2 one who breather or utters Meas. iv. iv. 31. breathing' (1 cf. 'Hide not thj[ ear at my breathing,
at my cry ' Lamentations iii. 55)
1 utterance Ant. i. iii. 14 to (jive b. to my purpose.
2 pause, rest, delay Ado ll. i. '680 so louy a breathiny, Liicr. 1720 Untimely breath inys.
3 exercise All'sW. i. ii. 17 sick For breathing and exploit. Per. ii. iii. 101 ; so breathing-time of rf((^ Ham. V. ii. 181. [1142.
breathing-while : short time E3 i. iii. 60, Ven. breech : typifying ' the authority of the husband '
2H6 I. iii. 149 wear no breeches, 3H6 v. v. 2i stol'n
the breirh from Lancaster. breech'd: covered as with breeches Mac. ii. iii.
123 ///(/)• (/(((///( j-.v Viimiinnerly breech'd ivith yore. breeching scholar : schoolboy liable to be
whipped Shr. in. i. 18. breed sb. (not pre-Eliz. ; 2 now replaced by 'brood ')
1 race, strain K2 ii. i. 45 This happy breed of men, H8 II. ii. 4, Cym. iv. ii. 25 breed of yreatness! ; family Mac. iv. iii. 108 ; kind, species LLL. v. ii. 267 //((' hi; id of wits so woiidir'd at, Ham. III. ii. 333 [327] this coitrfcsy is nut uf the riijht breed.
2 oflspring Sonn. xii. 14 ; fig. Mer.V. i. iii. 135 A brad of barren metal.
breed vb. (sense 1 is peculiar to S.)
1 bred nut, exhausted, degenerated H5 in. v. 29 Our iiii/tlr is brul out, Tim. i. i. 259 The strain of iiitin's bred out Info baboon and monkey.
2 to keep, support Wint. m. iii. 47 ^Vhich may . . . breed thee ( = may suffice to bring thee up), Lr. iv. ii. 73 A servant that he bred, Cym. ii. iii. 119 One bred of alms, Sonn. cxii. 13* in my piirpose bred (a) kept in my thoughts, (b) intimately bound up with my life-purpose. [iv. 13.
breed-bate (see bate sb.) : mischief-maker Wiv. i. breeding : parentage, descent Wint. iv. iii. 744
[iv. 7411, 2H4v. iii. 109. breeze, breese : gadfly Troil. i. iii. 48, Ant. m.
viii. 24 [x. 14] The b. upon her, like a cow in June. brewage : brewed drink AMv. in. v. 33. Briareus: a hundred-handed giant in Greek
mytliology Troil. I. ii. 30 a youty Briareus, many
hands mid no use. brib'd*: purlo-ned, stolen Wiv. v. v. 27 Divide me
like a brib'd buck, each a hiiunch. briber : something which wins indulgence Tim. ni.
V. 62 a sufficient briber for liis life. bride it -. to play the bride Shr. lii. ii. 254. brief (both senses were common Eliz.)
1 letter, dispatch 1H4 iv. iv. 1 this sealed brief.
2 short account, summary, abstract MND. v. i. 42 There is a brief how many sports are ripe, All'sW. V. iii. 137 a sweet verbed brief. Ant. v. ii. 137 a brief of money, plate, and jewels ; fig. John ii. i. 103.
briefly : in a short time, soon, quickly Cor. i. vi. 16 'Tis not a mile; briefly we heeird their drums, Ant. IV. iv. 10 Go put on thy defence.— Briefly, sir,
23 - BROAD
Cym. V. V. 107, Per. in. Gower 12, i. 53 ; so brief- ness, quickness Lr. ii. i. 20, Per. v. ii. 15 In
feather'd briefness sails arefill'd. bright : the sense ' lively, cheerful ' is recorded
first from S., Mae. in. ii. 28 Be b. and jovial. brim fulness : condition of being full to the brim
H5 I. ii. 150. TJ Johnson read bninfuliuss. brinded: marked with streaks of a Uiiierent colour
from the body-< olour Mac. iv. i. 1 the b. cat. brine: first applied to tears in S., Rom. n. iii. 69,
Lucr. 796 ; cf. brine-pit Tit. in. i. 130 And made
a brine-pit with our bitter tears, and brinish
Lu( r. li!13 the brinish pearl. bring" (the foil, are obs. or .special uses ; 1 is freq.;
2 peculiar to S.; 6 common in Eliz. dramatists)
1 to escort or accompany (a person) on his way Gent. I. i. 55 thither will I briny thee, H5 n. iii. 2 let me briny thee to Staines, Caes. iii. ii. 58.
2 - ' bring word ', rej ort, inform Ham. v. ii. 204, Ant. rv. xi. [xiii.] 10 6. me how he talces my death.
3 to derive 1H6 ii. v. 77 he From John of Gaunt doth briny his pedigree.
4 = ' bring forth ', ' bring into the world' Wint. n. i. 147 To briny false yi nirations, Sonn. xxxii. 11 A diarir birth than this his lore had brought ; cf. Cor. v. iii. 125 That brought thee to this world.
5 briny out of tune, to piit out AYL. iii. ii. 264 ; bring it to that, make it mean that Ant. ir. v. 33.
6 be with (a person) to bring : phrase of various ap- plication but usually implying getting the upper hand in some way Troil. i. ii. 3()4.
bring about, to cause to make a complete revolu- tion, to complete (a cycle of time) LLL. v. ii. 806, John in. i. 81, R2 i. iii. 220, 3H6 n. v. 27 How many hours bring about the day ; bring forth, (1) to express, put forth Troil. i. iii. 242 hring the praise forth ; (2) to set in the public view, i^ro- duce on a stage All'sW. v. iii. 152 To bruii/ forth this discotery, H5 Prol. 10, Mac in. iv. 125, Ant. y. ii. 218 Antony Shall be brought drunkui forth ; bring in, to place or establish in one's position 0th. III. i. 53 ; bring off, to deliver, rescue, ac- quit H8 III. ii. 221 / know A way . . . Will bring me off again, Troil. v. vi. 25 /'// be ta'en too. Or bring him off; bring on, to induce Ham. in. i. 9 bring him on to some confession. Ant. in. ii. 44 ; bring out, to produce (in various applications) Wint. IV. ii. [iii.] 130 If I make not this cheat bring out another, 1H4 in. i. 47, Tim. iv. iii. 189 Let it no more bring out ingrateful man ! ; bring up to, to raise to the pitch of Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 546 And briiui liim lip to liking.
bringings- forth : achievements Meas. in. ii. 157.
brisk (not pre-Eliz.; rare before S.)
1 quick and active Rom. i. v. 18 ; (of the times) fast Tw.N. n. iv. 6 these most b. and giddy-paced times.
2 smartly dressed 1H4 1. iii. 54 To see him shine so b.
3 agreeably acid 2H4 v. iii. 46 wine that's brisk. brisky (S.) : brisk MND. ni. i. 100 Most b. juirnal. broach (orig. = ' to pierce ' ; 3 now the usual sense)
1 to stick (a thing) on a sword's point as on a spit H5 V. Chor. 32 Bringing rebellion broached on his sword, Tit. iv. ii. 86.
2 to tap (a cask), only fig. MND. v. i. 149 ivith blade . . . He bravely broach'd his boiling bloody breast, Tim. II. ii. 187 broach the vessels of my love ; with blood as the obj. 1H6 in. iv. 40, 2H6 iv. x. 40.
3 to begin, introduce in conversation or discussion Shr. I. ii. 85 that I broach'd in jest, H8 ii. iv. 147 broach this business to your highness, Ant. i. ii. 18:3.
broad (not very common in S.) 1 free, unrestrained Mac. in. vi. 21 broad words, Ham. in. iv. 2 his pranks have been too broad ; widely diffused Mac. iii.iv. 23 As broad and general
BROAD-FBONTED -
24
BUDGEK
fix the casiiif/ air ; arrogant Troil. i. iii. 190 in full an proud a'place As broad AchiUts. 2 adv. freelj', unrestrainedly Tim. iii. iv. 0.5 can speaJc h-er ; fully, full- Ham. iii. iii. 81 With all his crimes h.-hloicii, asfinsh as May ; broad-airake, wide awake Tit. II. ii. 17 (Ff simply aicahe) ; hruml-sjir, ndiiKj wide-Spreading R2 in. iv. 50.
broad-fronted: with a broad forehead Ant. i. v. 29.
brock : badger ; used contemptuously as if ' a stink- ina fellow' Tw.X. ii. v. 115.
brogue ; rude kind of shoe, generally made of un- tanned hide, worn by the inhabitants of the wilder parts of Ireland and the Scotch Highlands Cym. IV. ii. 211 3Iy clouted bror/ucs.
broil : to suft'er great heat H8 iv. i. 50 Where have i/oii been broiling ?—Amoni/ the croud i'the Abbey ; to become heated or excited Troil. i. iii. 379* Who broils in loud applause.
broke: to bargain, traffic All'sW. iii. v. 71.
brokea (the foil, are special uses : 1 cf. south- midland dial, 'broken-mouthed' -= having lost teeth ; R.3 ii. ii. 117 Tin brokin rancour of your hiyh-swoln hcetrts {in> Qq ; Ff h((tes), ' your quarrels (or spirits) which had risen high and broken out into rancour ')
1 fragmentary, incomplete ; broken meeds, remains of food, as eaten by servants Lr. ii. ii. 15 A l-neac, n rascal, an eater ejf broken nnats ; AH'sW. li. iii. CO Ml) mouth no more nere brolcen ( = having gaps in the tcetlr, H5 r. ii. 201: brokin Ene/lish.
2 interrupted AVint. v. ii. 10 brokin diliriri/, H8i. iv. 61 brokin hanquel, Troil. iv. iv. 48 brokin tears (i.e. broken with sobs).
rs ruined, bankrupt AYL. ii. i. 57 that poor and broken bankrupt, R2 il. i. 258 bankrupt, like a broken )//<(»( (? = outlaw, the regular meaning in old Scotch law), Cym. v. iv. 19 broken debtors.
4 broken music, music arranged for parts, concerted music (with a pun) AYL. i. ii. 151, H5 v. ii. 202, Troil. III. i. 53.
5 broken bosoms, broken hearts Compl. 254. broker : agent or intermediary (freq. with implied
censure), esp. go-between in love affairs Jolinir. i. 508 tliat .«(/ devil. That broker, that still breaks tlie pate of faith, 582, 3H0 iv. i. 03 To play the broker on mine own behalf ; fig. Ham. I. iii. 127, Conipl. 173 voirs were ever brokers to dejilini/ ; so broker-between Troil. in. ii. 211.
broking' pawn : pledge R2 ii. i. 293 Redeem from broking pann the blemish'd crown.
broocli: in S.'s time used to include any jewel- ornament, esp. one worn round the neck ; hence fig. like 'jewel', ' ;;cm ' E2 v. v. 00, Ham. iv. vii. 9:i the brooch indud And i/eni of all tlie nation.
broocli'd : adorned as wilh a jewel Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 25 not flic imperious .show Of the fnll-fortun d I'll sar ever slinll He hrooch'd with me.
brood : sits on broejd (in earlier English ' abrood '), sits lirooding like a hen Ham. in. i. 174.
brooded* : having a brood to watch over John in. iii. 'rl hroodid untchfulday. ^The coiij. 'brood- eied '=broad-eyed, is plausible: cf Chapman's ' brode-ey'd loue ' (ciipiioTra Z^r, Iliad viii. 200).
brook sb.: flying at the brook, liawking at the river witli a goshawk for waterfowl (contrast bibding), the royal sport of falconry 2H0 ii. i. 1.
brook vl). : to endure, tolerate (freq.) ; cf abrook.
broom-grove' : Tp. iv. i. (iO broom-groves, Whose sliiidiiir till disiiiissid bachelor lores.
broonistaff i lirst in S.) : broom-handle H8 v. iv. 59 //(((/ came to tlie broomstaff to me.
brother (pi. bnthnn, 3 syll. in Tit. I. i. 89, 348, 357): often used for 'brother-in-law', e.g. Err. ii. ii. 150 ; also ' lialf-brotlier ' R3 v. iii. 90.
brother-love: brotherly affection H8 v. iii. 172.
brow : properly, the arch of hair over the eye 2H0 I. ii. -i Why doth the great ]>ukt Hatnphrty knit his brows? ; (hence) pi. the prominences of the fore- head on either side above the eyes LLL. v. ii. .'i93 Helji ! hold Itis brows.', Ca-s.v. iii. 82 ; sing, the fore- head Ven. 59 she kiss'd his brow ; fig. aspect, ap- pearance lH4r\'. iii. 83