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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS

af bay i" Mi Ut a

vs de H

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THE ANNALS

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MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITI LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH ’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )

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VOL. XVIII.—SIXTH SERIES.

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1896.

“Omnes res create sunt divine sapienti et potentix testes, divitiz felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex cconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ; & veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Liuyyavs.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckyer, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.

cies lle iio asa Sie The sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adyenturer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,

| aif ALERE FLAMMAM.

JONTENTS OF VOL. XVIII.

[SIXTH SERIES.]

NUMBER CIUlI.

Page

{. On some new and rare British Crustacea. By THomas Scort, F.L.S., Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, Naturalist to the F ishery Board tor Scotland, and ANDREW Scort, Fisheries Assistant, University

College, Liv erpool. CElatesa ach ie i ae onc Mole ae eee es 1 II. Notes on the Parasitic Copepoda of Fish obtained at Plymouth,

with Descriptions of new Species. By P. W. Bass Tr-SMirH, F.Z. a

Hea MES scurceon, WN: (Plates [ET.-V1.) 2... c= swe ce eels os « 8 III. Some new Forms of American Rotifera. By Dr. ALFRED C.

puenner ne lates, Viblide: WILE) Oe eis See Sate ices 6 ae 17

IV. Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Heterocera from Central and Tropical South America. By HerBertT Deuce,

UE PE Ah Achads (Li, Auats tic. « So 0.4 Siw side See erode + dlelat sui 28 V. On some new Pierine Butterflies from Colombia. By A. G. Burier, Ph.D., Senior Assistant-Keeper, Zooloyical Department, LE Pita aes VN LANNE re CNS calico yc ae! 5 b)s 6, 6 oe 0 stee Suora de 6Nnt este ese wena VI. Notes from the St. Andrews Marine Laboratory.—No. XVI. yaleror MeintosH, M.D), LLD., FUR.S., &6. 0.052 die aden deems 44

VII. Descriptions of new Reptiles and Batrachians obtained by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and Jampea. By G. A. BouLENGER, Pe TMNT n 3/6 <2 0 Se Hen ni oO ape wo Stats abo te SOMO ope: 62

VIII. Animal Temperature as a part of the Problem of Evolution.

Rag EM ENRON SLING rea 2is\a, <p stad a gat lele tes © nina te owes iah ew wk se Wales 64. IX. On a small Collection of Lepidoptera sent from Nyasa in 1895 by Mr. R. Crawshay. By Arruur G. Burier, Ph.D. Rn ee eae 67 X. On a new Generic Distinction between the Scorpions of the Genera Scorpio and Palamneus. By R.I. Pocock .............. 75 XI. The Bees of the Genus Andrena found in New Mexico. By 78

SPP NANO OC RAINE At cet tae eri sind cys pele cogs chose wisi stiles

lv CONTENTS.

Page

XII. Description of a new Species of the Leaf-footed Centipede (Alipes) from Nyasaland, together with Notes upon the previously described Species of the Genus. By R. I. Pocock .......+.+.5+5

92

XIII. A Question concerning a British Pagurid. By James E. Benepicr, Assistant Curator, Department of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum ....... "eiahe/houa tay sitlalls 6) ails shay enave' stake otal tia

XIV. Descriptions of new Species of Nanina, Helix, Amphidro- mus, and Porphyrobaphe. By HuGH FULTON ......++.eeeee eens 100

XV. Observations on some Buprestide from the West Indies and other Localities. By CHarLes O. WATERHOUSE ........++.++- 104

XVI. New Species of Pyralide from the Khasia Hills. By W. Wi PAURIRRETY EAC AN IH, tore anole lela sie (0 ner oreteteleh onatete wiataieial=) avers anna 107

On a Collection of Barnacles, by H. A. Pilsbry; Theoretical Expla- nations of the Distribution of Southern Faunas, by Captain F W. Hhtton SHS, eo cem ans ces eriecinnte seal: cir te oo eaeee 119, 120

NUMBER CIV.

XVII. Further Notes on the Anatomy and Development of Scorpions, and their bearing on the Classification of the Order. By Matcorm Laurin, B.A., D.Sc. F.RS.E., F.LS., Professor of Zoology at St. Mungo’s College, Glasgow. (Plate IX.) .......... 121

XVIII. On the Synascidia of the Genus Colel/a and the Poly- morphism of their Buds. By M. Maurice CAULLERY .......... 135

XIX. Budding in Perophora. By W. KX. Brooxs and GrorGe IR MRR. cise. terol ee ie om Cea ae Cariicks cls 2) oe 156

XX. On a Collection of Land-Shells from the Islands of Selayar, Jampea, and Kalao. By Epear A. Smiru, F.Z.8., Assistant- Keeper of Zoology, British Museum. (Bate X:) ..253..4.5%. eee 144

XXI. Description of a new Genus of Elapine Snakes from Wood- lark Island, British New Guinea. By G. A. Boutenerr, F.R.S... 152

XXII. On Freshwater Fishes from Smyrna. By G. A. Bovu.encrr, F.RS. ...... Pais meter the emer reiel aoe ss eck Sy 153

XXIII. Description of anew Siluroid Fish from the Organ Moun- tains, Krazil. By G. A. BouLenerr, F.RS.

XXIV. Descriptions of Two new Species of Oriental Lycenide. bye GRose SMrrn,, BA. EB Sac... 2. a5 ee nae aan ee 155

XXV. Phoxocepha’us pectinatus, Waiker, or P. simplex (Bate) 2 By ALFRED O. WALKER ....... el i 2 156

XXVI. Descriptions of Twe new Species of Lepidoptera collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in East Africa. By Emity Many SHARPE... 158

CONTENTS. Vv

Page XXVII. Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Nyasaland. ye een OU TLEE, PO OR TS (OC. ie ces st oho ede ess ee 159 XXVIIL. New Species of Pyralide from the Khasia Hills. By W. RR Mae Ease C EIN «AE Sor as Ste ai sie: div) uo ni) tn oy3) +. ni ah <1 5yaNbaI 0d wi A si piecnal dials 163

XXIX. Report upon the Scorpions, Spiders, Centipedes, and Millipedes obtained by Mr. and Mrs. EK. Lort Phillips in the Goolis Mountains inland of Berbera, N. Somaliland. By R. I. Pococx. (Plate XI.)

XXX. Description of a new Species of Fruit-Pigeon from the Highlands of Mindoro, Philippine Islands. By JouN WurreHeEap. 139

XXXI. Description of a new Spindasis from Ceylon. By Francis A. HERON

New Books:—A Manual of North-American Birds. By Rosperr Ripeway.—A Concise Handbook of British Birds, By H. PSGURSFSC SVEMIN ST) csc. cle to afcdehaym cons) ©) (ohel eieiie'= miays\aye Mier mate (a siei« 192, 195

On the Habitat of Gobius elapoides, Gthr., by F. A. Smitt; Note on Plectroplites and Hypoplectrodes, Genera of Serranoid Fishes, by Theodore Gill, LL.D. ; On the Nephridia of Branchiobdella varians (var, astact), by D. N. Voinov, Morphological Labora- HOT ALEC eS BaF Gee ie aE G Bein ae Pineal ack 196—199

NUMBER CV. XXXII. Notes on the Chetognaths. By F.S. Conantr........ 201

XXXII. New Species of Pyralide &c. from the Khasia Hills. ES ee AEORTGNG NY ALS BOS) fos eo oe fe oie 4. ayes Slaeee Pe eee ee 214

XXXIV. Descriptions of Four new Lizards from Roebuck Bay, N.W. Australia, obtained by Dr. Dahl for the Christiania Museum.

eager Ae OOM GONGIOR, MEGS a'."."sTale(c< <sistctate sidtleisvols’ eae wea erie te DO XXXYV. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterecera from Hunan, Central China. By HErBert Druce, F.LS. &......... 230

XXXVI. Necrophagous Diptera attracted by the Odour ‘of Flowers. By E. E. Austen, Zoological Department, British Museum 237

XXXVI. Description of a new Species of Satyrid Butterfly from Costa Rica. By H. Grosr Smiru, B.A., F.ES., F.ZS8., &e....... 241

XXXVUI. On Mammals from Celebes, Borneo, and the Philip-

pines recently received at the British Museum. By OxpFirip THOMAS

XXXIX. The Pholadide.—tIl. Note on the Organization of the

Larva, and the Post-larval Development of Ship-worms. By C. P. SIGERFOOS

vi CONTENTS.

Page XL. A List of the Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera collected by Miss Kingsley on the River Ogové, with Descriptions of some new Genera and Species. By W. F. Krray, F.L.S., F.ES., &e., Assistant in Zoological Department, British Museum (Natural Eiistory,);. (Plate: KUL)... ecias, scien ciae ooroc.occkncnael ees eee 257

XLI. Description of a new Acomys from Somaliland. By Ouv-

EWE IMETOMAS: 1). 2150.4 alee cio Sale ob 015 b05 als erent see ee nee 269 XLII. The Brood-cavities of the Surinam Toad. By F, Leypie,

OH AWRUEZDUTE Ooi. cose eit e eo ress wreuern vie loiloga «late es ieee 270 [hey Bot-ily of the Indian’ Hlephant..:....21. seen eee 275 NUMBER CVI.

XLII. The Development of a Termite—Lutermes (Rippertii?) :

a Preliminary Abstract. By H. McK. KNownr ................ 207 XLIV. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.—

I. Descriptions of new Bees collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend in

the State of Vera Cruz. By T. D. A. CocKERELL .............. 282 XLV. Papers from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

On the Nephridia, Reproductive Organs, and Post-larval Stages of

Arenicola. By H. M. Kyue, M.A., B.Se., Berry Scholar in Natural

Science, University of St. Andrews. (Plates XIII.-XV.) ........ 295 XLVI. On new small Mammals from the Neotropical Region.

SyVVOLDETELD (UHOMAS! o). 2/2/20) terete ialspeetetai ea atelier 301 XLVII. Descriptions of new Terrestrial Mollusca from South

Africa. By JAMES Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., and JoHNn

Hunry PONSONBY, E.Z.5. (Plate OVI) erate cto chester tae 314 XLVIII. Diagnoses of new Mammals from Madagascar. By C. I.

MOR GVEPED MATOR «0.5 c:s.s< ene ale se eh neh Reems get tolehe FARE oc 318 XLIX. On the Rhizopodal Genera Webbina and Vitriwebbina. By

FREDERICK CHAPMAN, A.L:S., VR. MScg meeps nctietei> to susan tere 326 L. Notes on the Genus Byblia (=Hypanis). By Guy A. K.

MARSHAL, F.Z.S,, FHIS. 2 fac... dntlsle seen OE ene eee 333 LI. Descriptions of new Batrachians collected by Mr. C. F. Under-

wood in Costa Rica. By G. A. BouLenesr, F.R.S. ............ 340 LII. On Two new Species of Ablepharus from North Queensland.

By RieBRoom, M.D: , B.Se.0% «sic spereiciclesotel shel a ae eerste Tee 342

Notes on the Anatomy of Yoldia.—L., by W. K. Brooks and Gilman Drew ; Some Observations on Spermatogenesis in Spiders, by Julius Wagner, of St. Petersburg; Note on Phascologale SJULIUDES aia. oo. 6 0 6, s50- cia 8 Wie widyareys cisteiere anion: Oe ee 344—5ts

CONTENTS. Vil

NUMBER CVII. Page LITT. Suggestions for a Natural Classification of the Asconide. By E. A. Mincuty, M.A., Fellow of Merton College, Oxford ...... 349

LIV. On Scolecithrix hibernica, a new Species of Copepod, with some Remarks on the Distribution of the Crustacea. By ANDREW Scorr, Fisheries Assistant, University College, Liverpool. (Plates Se ME SAG NON GUIs) GP ove avn gy he. Rha hw =. sa tsSiayere d.evare 5 s/etsieuapyobaya) syetays 362

LV. Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator,’ Commander C. F. Oldham, R.N.—Series II., No. 22. Descriptions of new Deep-sea Mollusca. By Epnaar A, “SE ETIEIEE «9 a ARE RRS ah Ia ee ae Ma TR grea 367

LVI. On a Collection of Moths from East Africa formed by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, Medical Officer to the Uganda Administration. Bye: W...E Kirby, Assistant in Zoological Department, British Museum (Natural History). (Plate Se Vie Scereceekstenal onal renee tka 375

LVII. On a little-known Australian Fish (Threpterius maculosus, Richardson), with Remarks on the Family Cirrhitide. By G. A.

PORE NIG MEG 0a ona) sa “hatdhdtohs 4)«: ci ones i + eh» a) apeubohensysje 2 obs wens 397 LVIII. On a case of Simous Malformation ina Snake. By G. A.

Bee EC EGED pet ECS) ea. nah ac pvbn at feorGwis|m acne neds ss) dverovaled/eres uses exes es cys, oT eebare 399 LIX. On Contrasts in the Marine Fauna of Great Britain. By

irene Minos MD: Li Dic RAS. 5; GC. .i< cisists wire e)cins 000s lai clous aha 400 LX. On Excretory Organs and Sexual Conditions in certain

isopoda,, By Bonumin Namuc; of Prague“)... 6 sc cece © 415 LXI. A new Genus of Aglossal Batrachians. By G. A. Bou-

MATERGDEE et Eure Nc ach ha tMR ae APA D Ps Have re tasers rails. wee ano) B/G (olecelvha 420 LXII. Descriptions of Two new Frogs obtained in Madagascar by

Dr. Forsyth Major. By G. A. Bovuteneer, IE Saereraseranr asaya s « ab. LXIII. On the Reproduction of the Tripylean Radiolaria (Phzeo-

Peete PME yo RIE, Noy OUNCES Sido eie opi eiaye: nieio, dua stere olv-c'e! ware etene ela 429

New Book:—The Collector’s Manual of British Land and Fresh- water Shells. By Lionet Ernest Apams, B.A

Lysactinic, not Lissactinic, by F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A............... 428

NUMBER CVIII.

LXIV. Some Earthworms from Celebes. By W. BraxLanp Brenuam, D.Se. (Lond.), Hon. M.A. (Oxon.), Aldrichian Demon- strator in Comparative Anatomy, Oxford. (Plates XX. & XXI.).. 429

LXV. On Coleoptera from Aden and Somaliland. By C. J.

Gann, M.A., of the British Museum (Natural History).......... 448 eV. Deseripti ns of Four additional new Mammals from Mada- paccoteby DriC. 1 PORsy TE MASORM 6.2 dscleaaeiaga ts. ¢ won 461

LXVII. Gea, of a new Species of Stick-Insect (Phasmide) from British Central Africa, By W. F. Kirsy, F.L.S., F.E.S., &c. 463

LXVIII. Pseudodiadema Jessoni, sp. n., an Behinoid iam the English Oxford Clay. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., F.G.S......... 465

LXIX. Anew Butterfly of the Genus Acrea from Tugela, 8. Africa. Me NaU RR EVO TIONG EOE SAG Ga> lo) x ciesnla ben ark os wivie'e'e 4 9/8pie,0 e 8s a 00 467

vill CONTENTS.

Page

LXX. Descriptions of Two new Frogs from Lake Tanganyika, pre- sented to the British Museum by Mr. W. H. Nutt. By G. A.

TOULENGER. PVRS Hi ,).0.)se daa ee Se at dulce tomatoe Seimei ene 467 LXXI. On a new Mongoose from Matabeleland, British South Cas DY Ws DIG: WINTON, soc) c actale lw sla's «0 voksiag etme eee 469 LXXII. Homology of the Anterior Segments of Ampharetide (Polychetous sedentary Annelids). By M. Prerrr FAUVEL...... 470 LXXIII. On the Habits of Lvania Desjardinsii, Blanch. By M. ODM OND EES ORDAGIE ch. selaicie ye wiple c olevelele acts rials ehane tote eit nee ctekel gator 473 LXXIV. The “ Claims of Priority,” and what they are sometimes worun.. byl. JERFREY Bets, MAL. yo s0 «cc ccins; om ncheait selene 476

New Book :—Artistic and Scientific Taxidermy and Modelling. By MonnaGum Brown, F.G.S. a6. . 5 ok een selds selene Seteostele 477

The Evolution of Lithocystis Schneider, a Parasite of Echinocardium

; cordatum, by M. Louis Leger; On a Viviparous Ephemera, by M. Causard; Determination of the Directing Element in the Jaws of Insects, by M. Joannes Chatin; On the Hibernation of Clavelina lepadiformis, Miller, by MM. A. Giard and M. Wanmllery eye ct wise e as akenercti gee ta. a epee ete usxewne ee deke eae 478—485

Nin Otay te serene tie cost aoneloitts Bitonte mt. He Re SS SA Goo 487

PLATES IN VOL. XVIII. Prats I. 108 Il. Vs y.{ Parasitic Copepoda of Fish. VI. eee New American Rotifera. IX, Anatomy of some Scorpions. X. New Mollusca. XI. New Scorpions, Spiders, and Millipedes. XII. New Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera.

New and rare British Crustacea.

ONO xv Anatomy of Arenicola. OV. XVI. New South-African Mollusca, XVI. Scolecithrix hibernica. XVIII.

XIX. New Moths from East Africa.

XX. New Earthworms from Celebes. XT

Anav.é Mag. Nat. Hist. 8.6 Vol.XVIL PU.

A.Scott del.

Mintern Bros. lth. Figs 1-13.Attheyella Duthi e1l.spnFigs 1422 Canthocamptus parvus.sp.n. : Fig. 25 Maraenobiotus Vejsdovskyi,Mrazek.

Ann & Mag. Nat. Hist. S.6.Vol.XVIT PUL.

SI SSS

y)

A.Scott del Mintern Bros. hth. |

Figs.-12.Clausia Cluthe. sp.n. Figs 13-21 Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyi,Mrazek.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SIXTH SERIES.]

CS osanennncocSaacnee per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphs Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi econchas Ferte, Dee pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” NV. Parthenii Giannettasi, Bel. 1.

No. 103. JULY 1896.

I.—On some new and rare British Crustacea. By THOMAS Scorr, F.L.S., Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, Naturalist to the Fishery Board for Scotland, and ANpREWw Scort, Fisheries Assistant, University College, Liverpool.

[Plates I. & II.]

Genus CLausiA, Claparéde * (1863). (?) Clausia Cluthe, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 1-12.)

Description of the Species.—Kemale. Length 1:3 millim. (5 of an inch). Body narrow, elongate, tapering gradually towards the posterior end. Antennules (fig. 2) short, stout, six-jointed, and moderately setiferous; there is not much difference in the length of the first, second, third, and last joints, except that the first is rather longer than the other three ; the fourth and fifth joints are also subequal, but they are both shorter than any of the other joints, as shown by

the formula—

Proportional lengths of the joints.. 16.13.12.8.7.138 Number of the joints ............ tS RG Te ee oo

* Not Clausia, Boeck (1864) ; as Claparéde had already used this aes M. Boeck, in 1872, substituted the name Pseudocalanus for his genus.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xviii. l

2 Messrs. T. and A. Scott on some

Antenne stout, three-jointed, middle joint considerably shorter than the first or third; no secondary branch (fig. 3). Mandibles simple, lamelliform, tapering towards the rounded ciliated apex and furnished with three stout plumose marginal sete of unequal length (fig.5). The maxille consist each of an oblong lamelliform appendage, the extremity of which is obliquely truncate, slightly rounded, and fringed with cilia (fig. 6). Anterior foot-jaws simple, one-jointed, armed with a stout elongate spine at the apex in addition to a smaller spine on the inner margin (fig. 7). The posterior foot-jaws form powerful grasping-organs; they are each two-jointed, with the joints short and very robust ; the end-joint terminates in a broadly truncate extremity, to the posterior half of which is articulated a strong slightly curved claw; the anterior angle is lengthened into a stout tooth-like process, against which the claw impinges, as shown by the drawing (fig. 8). The first and second pairs of feet are somewhat similar in structure ; the outer branches are three-jointed and the inner two-jointed; the exterior distal angles of the first and second joints of the outer branches are each furnished with a mode- rately stout spine, while the third joint bears four spines round the outer margin and apex and three long plumose sete on the inner margin; the second joint of the inner branches bears three plumose sete round the inner margin and apex and a small apical spine; a long plumose seta also springs from the inner margin of the first joint; the outer branches are only slightly more elongate than the inner branches (fig. 9). The third and fourth pairs of feet are also nearly alike in structure, but differ considerably from the first and second pairs ; each of the third and fourth pairs is composed of a three-jointed outer branch and an almost obsolete one- jointed inner branch; the small rudimentary joint of which the inner joint consists possesses apparently neither seta nor spine (fig. 10). Fifth pair large and prominent and com- posed of a single two-jointed branch ; the end-joint, which is much shorter than the other, is furnished with three mode- rately stout and plumose terminal sete, the middle one being considerably longer than the other two (fig. 11). Caudal stylets equal to about half the length of the last abdominal segment (fig. 12).

Habitat. Ayr Bay, Firth of Clyde. Among trawl-refuse ; one specimen.

Remarks. Though the species now described was obtained among some trawl-refuse unattached to any other organism, it is apparently a parasitic form of some kind; the structure of the antenne and the simple form of the mandibles and

new and rare British Crustacea. 3

maxille, combined with the remarkably powerful posterior foot-jaws and fifth pair of feet, are fairly satisfactory evidence of its parasitic habits. ‘This species, if not congeneric with Claparéde’s genus Clausia, is at least very closely allied to it, and therefore till further specimens, especially male, be obtained, to permit of a more thorough examination being made, we prefer meanwhile to place it in that genus.

(?) Clausia Cluthe somewhat resembles Clausia Lubbockii, Claus, in general appearance; but the difference in the structure of the antennules and fifth pair of feet distinguishes it at once from that species.

Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyt, Mrazek. (Pl. I. figs. 13-21; Pl. II. fig. 23.)

This curious freshwater Copepod was described for the first time by Herr Al. Mrazek in the seventh volume of the ‘Zoologische Jahrbiicher’ (1893), p. 103, Taf. iv. figs. 17- 32, and Taf. v. figs. 33-37. The following brief description (with drawings) is prepared from Scotch specimens :—

Female. Length °67 millim. (37 of aninch). Body slender and elongate (fig. 13), and in this respect somewhat similar to Ophiocamptus. Antennules short, eight-jointed (Pl. IL. fig. 23). Secondary branches of antenne two-jointed, the end-joint shorter than the other (PI. I. fig. 14). Both branches of the first pair of swimming-feet two-jointed and nearly of equal length (fig. 18). Inner branches of the next three pairs two-jointed and considerably shorter than the three- jointed outer branches (fig. 19). Fifth pair small; inner portion of the basal joint not much produced, broadly truncate and furnished with four moderately short and subequal plumose sete on the margin of the truncate apex ; secondary joint very small, ovate, and provided with three terminal sete, the inner one somewhat like those on the basal joint, the other two subequal and fully twice as long (fig. 20). Caudal stylets short and stout; the principal seta of each stylet is articulated at the base and dilated, as shown in the drawing (fig. 21).

Habitat. Loch Vennachar, Perthshire; not very common.

Remarks. This species, which is an addition to the British fauna, is readily distinguished from other British Harpactids by the structure of the first pair of swimming-feet, both branches of this pair being two-jointed; the mandibles, maxille, and foot-jaws resemble those of Canthocamptus, except that the mandible-palp is rudimentary and represented by a few sete that spring from a papilliform ni process.

4 Messrs. T. and A. Scott on some

The rudimentary character of the mandible-palp, together with the two-jointed outer branches of first pair of feet, sepa- rate Maraenobiotus distinctly from any other genus of the freshwater Harpacticide. We have not been able to give a figure of the mandible-palp, and therefore quote the following reference to it from Herr Al. Mrazek’s description. He says :— Als ein wichtiger Charakter muss hervorgehoben werden, dass der Mandibularpalpus sehr rickgebildet ist, niimlich nur durch einen kleinen drei schwache Borsten tragenden Hocker reprisentirt wird.”

Attheyella Duthiet, sp.n. (PI. I. figs. 1-13.)

Description of the Species ——Female. Length -9 millim, (s+ of an inch). Posterior margins of the second to the fifth thoracic segments serrulated ; the abdominal segments have a fringe of cilia posteriorly; rostrum of moderate length (fig. 1). Antennules short, eight-jointed ; the first two joints are more dilated than the others and the fifth and seventh are somewhat shorter; the approximate proportional lengths of the joints are shown by the formula—

Proportional lengths of the joints.. 16.16.18.12.10.13.9.18 Number of the joints ............ 1 2 8 4 - Scuaee

The antennules are moderately setiferous and bear a short sensory filament at the upper angle of the fourth joint (fig. 2). Antenne stout, two-jointed; the secondary branch consists of a single comparatively slender and elongate joint, which is furnished with a few sete at the distal end (fig. 3). The mandibles have the biting-part armed with two or three jamelliform plates slightly notched at the apex ; the mandible- palp has the basal portion moderately stout, to which is articulated near the distal end a single one-jointed setiferous branch (fig. 4). Maxille and first and second foot-jaws somewhat similar to those of Canthocamptus hirticornis, T. Scott. The inner branches of the first pair of swimming- feet, which scarcely reach beyond the end of the outer branches, are composed of two joints of nearly equal length, but the end-joint is much more slender than the other; the first joint bears a short plumose seta near the distal end and the second joint a similar seta near the middle of the inner margin, while the inner and outer margins of both joints are more or less fringed with cilia; in the second joint the middle one of the three terminal sete is very long and slender, the inner one is very short and plumose, while the outer is elongate, slender, and somewhat claw-like ; the outer branches, which are com-

new and rare British Crustacea. 5

posed of three nearly equal joints, are armed with moderately long marginal spines, the outer margins of all the joints being also fringed with cilia (fig. 7). In the next three pairs the inner branches, which are also composed of two subequal joints, are much shorter than the outer branches; the outer three-jointed branches are elongate, and the principal terminal seta in both branches is very long and slender (fig. 8). In the fifth pair the inner portion of the basal joint is broadly subtriangular and bears about six elongate sete of unequal length round the apex; the secondary joint is broadly ovate and furnished with two sete on the outer margin and three at the end, the middle one of the terminal three is extremely long and slender, the inner margin is ciliated (fig. 11). Caudal stylets about equal in length to the last abdominal segment (fig. 13).

The male antennules form powerful grasping-organs. The second pair of swimming-feet differ somewhat from those of the female in that the first joint of the inner branches is armed with curved tooth-like processes, as shown in the drawing, and the marginal spines of the first and second joints of the outer branches are much stouter than those of the same joint in the female (fig. 9). The end-joint of the inner branches of the third pair in the male terminates in two moderately long and slightly curved processes, which are of nearly equal length; a small plumose seta also springs from near the base of the terminal processes (fig. 10). The male fifth pair are small, the inner produced part bears two stout, moderately long, and spiniform terminal sete; the secondary joint is furnished with five seta arranged as shown by the drawing (fig. 12). The first abdominal segment is furnished at the outer distal angle on the ventral aspect with three set (fig. 12 a).

Habitat. Brough Loch, Island of Yell, Shetland.

Remarks. This species somewhat resembles Ophiocamptus brevipes (G. O. Sars), but in that species the antennules are seven-jointed, the end-joint of the inner branches is shorter than, but nearly as stout as, the first joint, and the secondary joint of the fifth pair is considerably narrower; there is also some difference in the structure of the mandible and in the length of the caudal stylets. It is interesting, however, to observe an oval pellucid area on the dorsal surface of the cephalic segment, similar to that shown in the drawing of

Ophiocamptus brevipes by Herr Al. Mrazek*. As we do not

* “Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Harpacticidenfauna des Siisswassers,” Zoologische Jahrbucher, siebenter Band, p. 116, pl. v. fig. 66, pl. vi. fips. 67-70,

6 Messrs. T. and A. Scott on some

know of any described species similar to this Shetland form we have named it in honour of Mr. Duthie, Fishery Officer, Shetland; it is because of his interest and zeal for natural history work that we have been able to add considerably to the knowledge of the freshwater Crustacea of the Shetland Islands.

(2?) Canthocamptus parvus, sp. n.

(PI. IL. figs. 14-22.)

Description of the Species.—Female. Length *37 millim. (4 of an inch). Body moderately stout; antennules short, six-jointed; the first three joints subequal and robust, the last three also subequal, but considerably smaller than the first three (fig. 15). Secondary branch of the antenne uni- articulate, very small, and bearing a short plumose terminal seta (fig. 16). Mandible-palp small; basal joint moderately stout, bearing at the obliquely truncate end a very small one- jointed branch, which is furnished with three short plumose sete (fig. 17). Other mouth-organs similar to those in typical Canthocamptus. The first pair of swimming-feet somewhat resemble those of Canthocamptus trispinosus ; the first joint of the inner branches is rather longer than the entire length of the outer branches ; the second and third joints are together equal to about half the length of the first joint, but the second is rather shorter than the third; the third joint bears two terminal sete, one short and spiniform, the other about twice the length and more slender ; a short seta springs from near the middle of the inner margin of the first joint; there are also a few minute sete on the outer margins of all the joints (fig. 18). The inner branches of the next three pairs are short and composed of two nearly equal joints ; outer branches elongate, three-jointed, the end-joint rather longer than either of the other two (fig. 19). Fifth pair small, inner portion of the basal joint broadly foliaceous, apex obliquely truncate and bearing five sete of unequal length ; four of them are mode- rately short, and one (the second from the outside) more elongate; secondary joint subquadrangular, rather longer than broad, and furnished with five small apical sete, the two innermost of which are longer than the others (fig. 21). Caudal stylets very short.

Male. ‘The male differs little from the female except that the antennules are apparently eight-jointed and of a compli- cated hinged structure adapted for grasping. The inner branches of the third pair of swimming-feet in the male are three-jointed and rather longer than the inner branches of the

new and rare British Crustacea. "

same pair in the female; the second joint bears a small seta on the inner angle and the last joint is furnished with two terminal setx (fig. 20). The male fifth pair are very small, the inner portion of the basal joint is somewhat triangular in form and carries three small apical sete ; the secondary joint is subrhomboid and provided with five sete round the end, as shown in the drawing (fig. 22).

Habitat. Between tide-marks at Aberlady Bay, Firth of Forth.

Remarks. In Canthocamptus the antennules are usually eight- or nine-jointed, but in the small species now described they are only six-jointed, and the secondary branches of the antenne are uniarticulate and almost rudimentary; but in other respects it possesses all the characters of a typical Canthocamptus according to the present definition of that genus.

We have pointed out elsewhere * that from the great variation in the structural details of the species of which the genus Canthocamptus is composed a revision of the genus will ere long be necessary; when that is done, it may be found expedient to remove the species now described into another genus ; but meanwhile the genus Canthocumptus appears to be the only group of the Harpacticide to which it can be allocated.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PuaTE I. (?) Clausia Cluthe, sp. n.

Fig. 1, Female, dorsal view, X 40. 2. Antennule, x 170, 3. Antenna, X 253. 4. Mouth, x 500. 5. Mandible, x 500. 6. Maxilla, x 500. 7, Anterior foot-jaw, xX 760. 8. Posterior foot-jaw, X 258. 9. Foot of first pair of swimming-feet, x 170. 10. Foot of fourth pair, X 170. 11. Foot of fifth pair, x 127. 12. Last abdominal segment and caudal stylets, x 170.

Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyi, Mrazek.

Fg. 13. Female, side view, X 80. 14. Antenna, x 880. 15. Maxilla, x 380. 16, Anterior foot-jaw, x 380, 17. Posterior foot-jaw, x 3880. 18. Foot of first pair of swimming-feet, x 253. 19. Foot of fourth pair, X 253. 20. Foot of fifth pair, x 380. 21. Last abdominal segment and caudal stylets, x 253.

PuaTeE IL. Attheyella Duthiet, sp. n. 4g. 1. Female, side view, x 50. 2. Antennule, x 253. 3. Antenna

* Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1895.

8 Mr. P. W. Bassett-Smith on

x 253. 4. Mandible, x 380. 5. Anterior foot-jaw, x 380. 6. Posterior foot-jaw, X 380. 7. Foot of first pair of swimming- feet, x 170. 8. Foot of fourth pair, x 170. 9. Foot of second pair (male), x 170. 10. Foot of third pair (male), x 170. 11. Foot of fifth pair, x 170. 12. Foot of fifth pair (male), x 253. 12a. Appendage of first abdominal segment. 13. Last two abdominal segments and caudal stylets, x 125.

(?) Canthocamptus parvus, sp. 1.

Fig. 14. Female, side view, x 80. 15. Antennule, x 380. 16, An- tenna, X 380. 17. Mandible, x 380. 18. Foot of first pair of swimming-feet, X 263. 19, Foot of fourth pair, x 253. 20. Foot of third pair (male), x 253, 21. Foot of fifth pair, x 380. 22. Foot of fifth pair (male), x 380.

Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyi, Mrazek.

Fig. 23. Antennule, xX 253.

II.—Notes on the Parasitic Copepoda of Fish obtained at Plymouth, with Descriptions of new Species. By P. W. BASSETT-SMITH, F.Z.8., F.R.M.S., Surgeon R.N.

[Plates III.-VI.]

In taking up this subject I am chiefly indebted to Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, who suggested it to me as being likely to prove a fruitful and interesting investigation to fill up time while stationed at Plymouth. ‘This I the more willingly did, having the kind assistance of the Director of the Marine Biological Association’s Laboratory and others there, to whom I tender my best thanks. The greater part of the material was, however, obtained by daily and diligent search at certain fishmongers in the town.

Although there are many admirable monographs and treatises dealing with these curious and often bizarre-looking animals, they are chiefly of somewhat ancient date: the most important are :—

Mitier. ‘ Entomostraca.’ 1785.

Orro and BurMeE!sTER. ‘ Nova Acta Natur. Curios.,’ 1826. 1831.

Kroyer. ‘ Naturhist. Tidsskrift, 1838 and 1863.

Mitne-Epwarps. Treatise, ‘Crustacés, tome iii. 1840.

NorpMann. ‘ Mikrographische der wirbellosen Thiere.’ 1832.

Cxiaus. Monographs. 1860-1875.

Cart Vocr. ‘Archives Zoologie expér.,’ tome xvi. 1877.

Camit Heiter. “ Crustaceen,” Reise der Fregatte Novara.

Hrssr. Monographs. 1862-1868.

Van Benepen. ‘ Note sur un Crustacé parasite nouveau, &c.’ 1861.

Barrp. ‘ British Entomostraca.’ 1850.

GERSTAECKER. ‘‘ Copepoda,” Bronn’s ‘ Thierreich.’

Kurz. Monograph. 1877.

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Parasitic Copepoda of Fish. 9

The literature being so scattered makes the investigation difficult—all the more so as nearly every author has his own scheme of classification. I propose now to use that drawn up by Gerstaecker, which is founded more on the minute anatomy of the animals, and is the most recent, though that used by Dr. Heller in his great work is very admirable. A large number of the genera described by both these authors are, however, purely tropical and do not come within the scope of this paper. The most difficult to assign definite places to are the very much differentiated members of the family Lerneo- podidz, where I believe the character of the male is the only safe guide. I would specially point out that the distinction given separating the genera Brachiella and Anchorella, viz. the fusion of the second pair of maxillipeds partly or wholly, is not a reliable one. It would be much better to found these genera on the structure of the pigmy males, which are quite distinctive ; but, unfortunately, these latter are not all known or figured.

From a collector’s point of view one is quickly struck by the much greater susceptibility of some fish over others and the large number of parasites found on them individually. For instance, it is rare to find a fairly grown cod (Gadus morrhua) without being able to take many specimens of the small semitranslucent Anchorella uncinata attached to the folds about the lips and in the gill-cavity. In its mouth and on the palate will be seen frequently half a dozen specimens of Caligus curtus, on the gills, deeply imbedded, a Lernea branchialis, and on the body sore places where numbers of Caligus Miillert have been fixed. Again, one is almost certain ina hake (Merlucctus vulgaris) on opening the mouth to find one or more specimens of Chondracanthus merlucctt firmly fixed to the tongue, floor of the mouth, or palate, generally surrounded by mucus. In one case I removed thirty-three from the palate of a fish, leaving a raw ulcerated surface behind. he hake has two other fixed parasites attached to the gills—Brachiella insidiosa and Brachiella merluccit,—both fairly abundant.

All the Gadide seem to be infested.

The Gurnard family, too, are very prolific both in variety and number of specimens ; but it is generally only in the well- grown fish that the parasites are found, these being Caligus rapax, Caligus diaphanus, Brachiella tmpudica, and Bra- chiella bispinosa.

‘Tucked away in the anterior angle of the gills of Zeus Jaber will almost certainly be found on either side one specimen

10 Mr. P. W. Bassett-Smith on

of Chondracanthus zet, which, from its large size, would seem to be at least inconvenient to its host.

The gills of the turbot and brill are frequently crammed with Lepeophtheirus Thompsoni and Lepeophthetrus obscurus (?) and so on, each fish having apparently in its adult stage one or more parasitic Copepoda.

After the examination of a great number of fish harbouring these parasites I believe that in the great majority of cases their presence is not prejudicial to the life of the fish, seem- ingly causing neither irritation nor destruction of tissue, for the following reasons :—

(1) The fish bearing them were generally mature.

(2) There were rarely any ulcerated surfaces found around or near their attachment.

(3) The individual fish were generally well nourished.

There are, however, certain exceptions to this absence of prejudicial effect on the host.

(1) Lernea branchialis and its allies, whose bodies are full of sanguineous fluid. ‘The head and cephalic processes, d&ply imbedded in a cysted clot of blood in and around the gills, must be a constant source of drain of nourishment and also cause great irritation to the hosts. Very frequently, however, one came across the remains of their chitinous necks still imbedded, from which the bodies had fallen away.

(2) A seeond, which certainly causes much irritation to the fish, is Chondracanthus merluccti, which, though surrounded by mucus and probably living on mucus, causes great destruction of the membrane where it is attached, as already mentioned. The other species of Chondracanthus apparently are not so troublesome, so far as I have seen.

(3) All species of Lerneocera, Lerneonema, and Penella must be harmful.

I do not, however, mean to infer that weakly and diseased fish are not more likely to suffer from these parasites, but that they are plentiful in those apparently healthy.

The curious attached condition of the young of the Caligidee has been much noticed, being by Burmeister, Milne-Edwards, Kréyer, and Baird regarded as a separate genus, Chalimus ; but their true nature is very well