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: the Secretary and the Financial Report f the Executive Committee of
JAN 21 1954 LIBRARY.
Smithsonian Institution
Report of the Secretary and the Financial Report
of the Executive Committee of
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UNITED STATES | GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1953
CONTENTS
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3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts.__________- 38 feaeport onthe reer, Gallery of -Art........._..........-.- 48
5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology_____________ 60
6. Report on the International Exchange Service_____________ 93
7. Report on the National Zoological Park_____._____________ 102
8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory._______________-_ 121
9. Report on the National Air Museum_____________________ 126
10. Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area___._____________ 141
ES US RPTL SD 7 2 5 oh: ga 148 TES A Ce (fe ee ee 152
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_____________ 159
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THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
June 30, 1953
Presiding Officer ex officio.—Dwicut D. EISENHOWER, President of the United States. Chancellor.—F rep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Dwicut D. EISENHOWER, President of the United States. RicHarp M. NIxoN, Vice President of the United States. Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. JOHN FostER DULLES, Secretary of State. GrorGE M. HUMPHREY, Secretary of the Treasury. CHARLES E. WILSON, Secretary of Defense. HERBERT BROWNELL, JR., Attorney General. ARTHUR E. SUMMERFIELD, Postmaster General. Doucias McKay, Secretary of the Interior. Ezra Tarr BENSON, Secretary of Agriculture. SINCLAIR WEEKS, Secretary of Commerce. MARTIN P. DuRKIN, Secretary of Labor. OvetTA Cup Hospy, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Regents of the Institution: FRep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. RicHarp M. Nrxon, Vice President of the United States. Rosert A. Tart, Member of the Senate. CLINTON P. ANDERSON, Member of the Senate. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. JOHN M. Vorys, Member of the House of Representatives. Leroy JOHNSON, Member of the House of Representatives. ARTHUR H. COMPTON, citizen of Missouri. VANNEVAR BusH, citizen of Washington, D. C. RoBert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D. C. JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts. Ezecutive Committee.—Rospert VY. FLEMING, chairman, VANNEVAR BUSH, CLAR- ENCE CANNON. Secretary.—LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Assistant Secretaries.—JouN E. Grar, J. L. Keppy. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—Mrs. LOUISE M. PEARSON. Treasurer.—J. D. HowAkp. Chief, editorial division. Pau. H. O£HSER. Librarian.—Mkrs. Leta F. CLarkK, Chief, accounting division—THomaAsS F. CLARK. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—L. L. OLIvEr. Assistant Superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLEs C. SINCLAIR. Chief, personnel dwision.— Jack B. NEWMAN. Chief, publications division—L. E. COMMERFORD. Chief, supply division—ANTHONY W. WILDING. Photographer.—¥. B. Kestner.
VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Director.—A. REMINGTON KELLOGG. Chief, office of correspondence and records.—HELENA M. WEISS. Editor.—JouHN S. LEA.
SCIENTIFIC STAFF
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, J. E. Anglim, exhibits preparators; W. W. Taylor, Jr., collaborator in anthropology.
Division of Archeology: Waldo R. Wedel, curator; Clifford Evans, Jr., asso- ciate curator.
Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; J. C. Ewers, C. M. Watkins, associate curators; R. A. Elder, Jr., assistant curator.
Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator.
Associate in Anthropology: Neil M. Judd.
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY: Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief exhibits preparator ; C. H. Aschemeier, W. M. Perrygo, E. G. Laybourne, C. 8. East, J. D. Biggs, exhibits preparators; Mrs. Aime M. Awl, scientific illustrator.
Division of Mammals: D. H. Johnson, H. W. Setzer, associate curators; Charles O. Handley, Jr., assistant curator; A. Brazier Howell, collaborator ; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate.
Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator; Samuel A. Arny, museum aide; Alexander Wetmore, research associate and custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collections; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator.
Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, associate curator.
Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; E. A. Lachner, associate curator; W. T. Leapley, Robert H. Kanazawa, museum aides.
Division of Insects: Edward A. Chapin, curator; R. E. Blackwelder, W. D. Field, O. L. Cartwright, Grace E. Glance, associate curators; Sophy Parfin, assistant curator; W. L. Jeilison and M. A. Carriker, collaborators.
Section of Hymenoptera: W. M. Mann, Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodians.
Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian.
Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection.
Division of Marine Invertebrates: F. A. Chace, Jr., curator; Frederick M. Bayer, associate curator; Mrs. L. W. Peterson, museum aide; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, Max M. Ellis, J. Percy Moore, collaborators; Mrs. Mildred S. Wilson, collaborator in copepod Crustacea.
Division of Mollusks: Harald A. Rehder, curator; Joseph P. E. Morrison, R. Tucker Abbott, associate curators; W. J. Byas, museum aide; Paul Bartsch, associate.
Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, collabo- rator.
Associates in Zoology: T. S. Palmer, W. B. Marshall, A. G. Béving, C. R. Shoemaker, W. K. Fisher, Austin H. Clark.
Collaborator in Zoology: R. S. Clark.
Collaborator in Biology: D. C. Graham.
SECRETARY’S REPORT vil
DEPARTMENT OF BoTANy (NATIONAL HERBARIUM) :
Jason R. Swallen, head curator.
Division of Phanerogams: A. C. Smith, curator; E. C. Leonard, E. H. Walker, Lyman B. Smith, associate curators; Velva E. Rudd, assistant curator; EK. P. Killip, research associate.
Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator.
Division of Grasses: Ernest R. Sohns, associate curator; Mrs, Agnes Chase, F. A. McClure, research associates.
Division of Cryptogams: C. V. Morton, acting curator; Paul S. Conger, asso- ciate curator; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collections and honorary curator of Fungi; David G. Fairchild, custodian of Lower Fungi.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY:
W. F. Foshag, head curator; J. H. Benn and Jessie G. Beach, museum aides.
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, acting curator; E. P. Henderson, G. S. Switzer, associate curators; F. E. Holden, museum technician; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths.
Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Gustay A. Cooper, curator; A. R. Loeblich, Jr., David Nicol, Arthur L. Bowsher, associate curators; W. T. Allen, museum aide; J. Brookes Knight, research associate in paleontology.
Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; J. B. Reeside, Jr., custodian of Mesozoic collec- tion; Preston Cloud, research associate.
Section of Paleobotany: Roland W. Brown, research associate.
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator; D. H. Dunkle, associate curator; F. L. Pearce, A. C. Murray, exhibits preparators.
Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, S. H. Perry, J. P. Marble.
Associate in Paleontology: R. S. Bassler.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES:
Frank A. Taylor, head curator.
Dwwision of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, acting curator.
Section of Civil and Mechanical Engineering : Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Marine Transporation: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Electricity: K. M. Perry, associate curator.
Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Land Transportation: S. H. Oliver, associate curator.
Division of Crafts and Industries: W. N. Watkins, curator; Edward C. Ken- dall, associate curator; E. A. Avery, William E. Bridges, and Walter T. Marinetti, museum aides; F. L. Lewton, research associate.
Section of Textiles: Grace L. Rogers, assistant curator.
Section of Wood Technology: W. N. Watkins, in charge.
Section of Manufactures: W. N. Watkins, in charge.
Section of Agricultural Industries: W. N. Watkins, in charge.
Division of Medicine and Public Health: George B. Griffenhagen, associate curator; Alvin E. Goins, museum aide.
Division of Graphic Arts: Jacob Kainen, curator; J. Harry Phillips, Jr., museum aide.
Section of Photography: A. J. Wedderburn, Jr., associate curator.
Vill ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY: Mendel L. Peterson, acting head curator.
Divisions of Military History and Naval History: M. L. Peterson, associate curator; J. R. Sirlouis, assistant curator; Craddock R. Goins, Jr., assistant curator.
Division of Civil History: Margaret W. Brown, associate curator; Robert Leroy Morris, museum aide.
Division of Numismatics: S. M. Mosher, associate curator.
Division of Philately: Franklin R. Bruns, Jr., associate curator.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
Trustees: Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman, JOHN Fostrer DULLEs, Secretary of State. GrorcE M. HUMPHREY, Secretary of the Treasury. LEONARD CARMICHIAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SAMUEL H. KRESS. FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN PHILLIPS. CHESTER DALE. PAUL MELLON. President.—SAMUEL H. KRESs. Vice President.—FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. Secretary-Treasurer.— HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Director.—Davip E. FIN ey. Administrator.—Harry A. McBrRIDE. General Counsel.— HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Chief Curadtor—JOHN WALKER. Assistant Director.—MacGILL JAMES.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
Director.—THOoMAs M. BrEces.
Curator of ceramics.—P. V. GARDNER.
Chief, Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service—Mrs. Joun A. Pope. Exhibits preparator—ROwLanp Lyon.
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Director.—A. G. WENLEY.
Assistant Director.—JOHN A. Pope.
Assistant to the Director.—Burns A. STUBBS.
Associate in Near Eastern art.—RicHARD ETTINGHAUSEN. Associate in technical research.—RUTHERFORD J. GETTENS. Assistant in research.— HAROLD P.. STERN.
Research associate.—GRACE DUNHAM GUEST.
Honorary research associate.—Max LOoEHR.
SECRETARY’S REPORT Ix
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Director.—MATTHEW W. STIRLING.
Associate Director.—FRANK H. H. RoBerts, Jr.
Anthropologists.—H. B. CoLiins, Jr., PHILIP DRUCKER.
Ethnologist—JOHN P. HARRINGTON.
Collaborators.—FRANCES DENSMORE, RALPH §S. SOLECKI, JOHN R. SwANTON, A. J. WARING, Jr.
Scientific illustrator.—K. G. SCHUMACHER.
RIvEeR BASIN SURVEYS.—IF'RANK H. H. RoBErtTs, Jr., Director.
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Chief.—D. G. WILLIAMS.
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN. Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER. Head Animal Keeper.—F RANK O. LOWE.
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
Director.—LoyYAL B. ALDRICH. DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH: Chief—WILLIAM H. HOOVER. Instrument makers.—ANDREW KRAMER, D. G. TALBERT, J. H. HARBISON. Research associate.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Chief.—R. B. W1THROW. Plant Physiologists —WILLIAM H. KLEIN, LEONARD Price, V. B. Evstap, Mrs. ALICE P. WITHROW.
NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM
Advisory Board: LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Chairman. Lt. GEN. LAURENCE C. CrRAIGIE, U. S. Air Force. REAR ADM. T. §. Coss, U.S. Navy. GROVER LOENING. WILLIAM B. Stour. Head curator.— Pav. E. GARBER. Associate curator.—R. C. STROBELL. Manager, National Air Museum Facility —W. M. MAte. Museum aides.—STANLEY PoTTerR, WINTROP S. SHAW.
CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA
Resident Manager.—JAMES ZETEK.
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Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
LEONARD CARMICHAEL For the Year Ended June 30, 1953
To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian I nstitution:
Guntiemen : I have the honor to submit a report showing the activi- ties and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for the fiscal year which ended on June 20, 1958.
GENERAL STATEMENT
My duties as the seventh Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution were assumed on January 2, 1953. Thus, during approximately half the year covered by the present report the Institution was under the able direction of its eminent former Secretary, Dr. Alexander Wet- more. Detailed statements covering the work of the several bureaus and divisions of the Smithsonian during the full year are presented elsewhere in this report.
I should like first to express my deep appreciation to the Honorable Fred M. Vinson, Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution, to the chairman of our executive committee, and individually to our regents, all of whom have most unselfishly performed many services essential to the effective operation and progress of the Institution during the year covered by this report. I wish also to thank Dr. Wetmore for the great assistance he has given me as his successor, and the entire Smithsonian staff for the cooperation they have extended to me as the new occupant of the office of Secretary.
The Smithsonian has many pressing needs and unsolved problems, but it is fortunate in possessing a staff that is in an outstanding degree professionally qualified and is superlatively loyal to the best interests of the Institution. Many former employees, some long retired, return regularly to carry on research and follow the progress of the Institu- tion with keen interest. Ina striking way present and past staff mem- bers correctly feel that they truly belong to the old and distinguished Smithsonian family. In this respect and in many others I find the Institution similar to a great university.
The Smithsonian is unique because it is the Nation’s principal re- search center in a number of basic scientific and cultural fields. Be- cause of its unequaled natural-science collections, which contain a vast number of “type specimens,” it is a continuing repository of standards
1
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2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
for much work in biology and geology. In its collections of history and technology, of aviation, and of the fine arts the Smithsonian has special distinctions and responsibilities in maintaining a proper and complete record of our national achievements and of preserving in trust for the Nation valuable gifts from its citizens. Its expeditions and researches in anthropology in our own and other American coun- tries have brought to light much of the past that was hidden and have preserved much that would otherwise have been lost. Its researches in solar radiation continue to be a principal source of special information in a field of growing practical importance. Its library of more than a million and a half titles is one of the world’s great repositories of published scientific information and by far the greatest in the Western Hemisphere. Through its extensive publication program, its inter- national exchange service for scientific literature, its museum exhibits and traveling exhibitions, and in the answering of thousands of indi- vidual inquiries yearly the Smithsonian is surely a world center not only for the increase of knowledge but for the proper diffusion of exact information.
In some ways, this means that the Smithsonian may be thought of as a living encyclopedia that is always being kept up to date. Re- search workers connected with industrial development as well as scientific investigators all over the country continually call upon our expanding collections and records for the identification and descrip- tion of plants, animals, minerals, and unknown or puzzling objects of human workmanship, especially works of art, and for information pertaining to our other fields of scholarly interest.
In these first months of my service as Secretary it has become clear to me that the Smithsonian has, through its more than a century of service, won a special place in the hearts and minds of American citi- zens from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Taking all our buildings to- gether, more than 8,200,000 visitors entered our various halls last year. It is reported at the USO information desk in Washington’s Union Station that 9 out of 10 members of the Armed Forces inquire for the Smithsonian Institution. A Gallup poll of last summer, at- tempting to sample the opinion of the estimated 35 million adult Americans who have visited Washington at least once, indicated that except for the Capitol and the White House, the Smithsonian Insti- tution is regarded as “the most interesting thing for a visitor to see in Washington.” Car and bus loads of individuals from the Pacific Coast States and from every other part of the Nation come day after day to the Smithsonian. These visitors are of all ages. Many of them are impressionable high-school seniors on what may well be their one trip to Washington. It is thus borne in upon everyone connected with the Smithsonian Institution that our exhibits must be prepared in such a way that they will most effectively tell these eager and
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SECRETARY'S REPORT 3
earnest visitors the story of America’s national history and of the rise of the industrial and scientific greatness of America. These fu- ture leaders of our Nation cannot help being wiser in all that they do concerning our country if they see in our halls examples of the ingenious productions of the great inventors and leaders of the past. The very fact that other countries of the world in recent years have voiced their pride in their eminent inventors indicates something of the importance of emphasizing America’s great inventive contri- butions of human society in building our own Nation’s morale.
This year certain facts were presented to the Congress concerning the fundamental needs of the Smithsonian Institution. Without ex- ception, the press comments on these statements from all parts of the country agreed that the Smithsonian has a significant place in our Nation’s life and that its work should be adequately supported.
The history of the Smithsonian makes clear how the present finan- cial situation of the Institution has arisen. Almost all our endow- ments were given for various specific purposes. Therefore, little of the income from the invested funds of the Institution is available for alteration or growth from year to year. In this connection, it is a pleasure to report that a few small funds from bequests have come to the Smithsonian during the current year. Those who are con- nected with the administration of the Smithsonian are delighted at any time to discuss with prospective donors the means by which their gifts can support the general work of the Institution.
The bureaus of the Smithsonian which are financed in varying degrees by congressional appropriations have developed through the years in an uneven way. In general, it may be said of the continuing activities of the Institution that instead of expanding in the last 20 years, which have seen so much growth in many activities of the Fed- eral Government, the Smithsonian has financially remained static or even in some respects has retrogressed. A comparison of the situation in 1934 and in the present year is illuminating. In the period since 1934 the national collections in charge of the Smithsonian have in- creased 130 percent. The number of visitors to our 5 exhibition buildings on the Mall have increased by more than 150 percent and our correspondence in answering scientific and other questions has grown several times that amount.
In spite of this growth in work load, the total number of man- hours per week available at the Smithsonian has actually decreased during the past 20 years. In cash, the appropriations for functions other than personnel is $11,000 less than it was in 1933. This means that in purchasing power the Smithsonian has had its funds cut more than in half during this period.
The Honorable Charles R. Jonas, Member of Congress from North Carolina, in a published news report to his constituents this year com-
4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
paring our national expenditures for military affairs with those at the Smithsonian, said in part, “So there are two of our outstanding national collections—the study at the Smithsonian of man’s construc- tive progress, and the study at Aberdeen of man’s destructive prog- ress. In both cases we can marvel at and feel proud of American ingenuity and energy ... But at Aberdeen, there is mixed with our pride a certain sadness and shame that American thought and wealth must of necessity be spent on a collection of terrible weapons to use against other men. Billions for war, pennies for cultural life . what a tragic arrangement of accounts.”
The Smithsonian is not an “inflated agency,” but rather one that in recent decades has not been permitted to perform for the citizens of this country its many basic functions as well as it would have been able to do if it had been given more financial support. During this time, however, the loyal but numerically declining staff of the Insti- tution has carried on approximately 150 percent more work than was required of their more numerous predecessors.
All who are interested in the welfare of the Smithsonian must, therefore, it seems, be prepared to explain its unique and fundamental place in American life to all responsible individuals, both inside and outside our Government, who can assist in its development. I am happy to report that appropriations made to the Smithsonian for the fiscal year 1954 will allow the Institution to take some first steps in the long-overdue rehabilitation of its exhibitions and in the needed renovations of certain of its buildings. Funds to continue modern- ization and renovation will be most urgently needed in the succeeding years. In the near future plans must also be made for new buildings to relieve the now almost intolerable overcrowding of our present structures.
In its basic charter the Smithsonian was established, as Smithson its wise donor directed, to provide for “the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” ‘The importance of these functions in the welfare of a nation becomes more clear with each passing year. Can anyone doubt that the sensible and constructive growth of our free institutions is based upon a clear knowledge by most of our citizens of the factors that have made our past achievements and activities possible? Our American conception of social progress is based on a realization that advancement is founded on a willingness to take advantage of improvements in the existing way of doing things. We do not intend to have here the destructive and self-defeating chaos produced by revolutionary upheavals. We must thus insure as wide a dissemination as possible of a knowledge of the past achievements of our Nation and of its natural resources.
It is symbolic of the mission of the Smithsonian that what has been called “the No. 1 Museum Item of America,” the great flag Fran-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 5
cis Scott Key watched as he wrote the “Star-Spangled Banner,” is proudly displayed in our halls. In this dangerous time of the world’s history, when free institutions continue to be challenged by totalitarian ideologies, a true knowledge on the part of our citizens of the story of our country’s rise to preeminence is important. This amazing na- tional growth is illustrated in many Smithsonian exhibits. Thus the honored old Smithsonian Institution provides today one of the means by which a forward-looking American can pass on to new generations a true understanding of our free heritage as a society that stands for liberty under law.
THE ESTABLISHMENT
The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson, of England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.”
THE BOARD OF REGENTS
The Institution suffered a great loss during the year in the death of two of its most valued regents. Eugene E. Cox, member from the House of Representatives, died on December 24, 1952, and to fill the vacancy created the Speaker of the House appointed Representative Leroy Johnson, of California, to serve until the fourth Wednesday in December in the second year succeeding his appointment. The death of Harvey N. Davis, which occurred on December 3, 1952, created a vacancy in the class of citizen regents, but this had not been filled at the end of the year.
When the opposite political party becomes the majority party, it is required that one of the members of the Board resign. Senator Walter F. George, therefore, submitted his resignation to the Vice President since he was the most recent Democrat to be appointed to the Board of Regents. This vacancy was filled by the appointment of Senator Robert A. Taft, of Ohio, on March 9, 1953.
On January 20, 1953, Vice President Richard Nixon became an ex officio member of the Board to succeed the Honorable Alben W. Barkley.
6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
The roll of regents at the close of the present fiscal year was as follows: Chief Justice of the United States Fred M. Vinson, Chan- cellor; Vice President Richard Nixon; members from the Senate: Clinton P. Anderson, Leverett Saltonstall, Robert A. Taft; members from the House of Representatives: Clarence Cannon, Leroy John- son, John M. Vorys; citizen members: Vannevar Bush, Arthur H. Compton, Robert V. Fleming, and Jerome C. Hunsaker.
On the evening of January 15, 1953, preceding the annual meeting, an informal dinner meeting of the Board was held in the main hall of the Smithsonian Institution, with the Chancellor, Chief Justice Vinson, presiding. This followed a custom established in 1949 at the sugges- tion of Chancellor Vinson, who believed that an evening meeting each year would help the regents by further acquainting them with the scientific and scholarly work of the Institution. Several research workers representing different departments of the Institution were present and gave brief firsthand accounts of their recent studies to the Board members.
The regular annual meeting of the Board was held on January 16 in the Regents Room. The Secretary gave his annual report covering the activities of the Institution and its bureaus. The financial report of the executive committee was presented for the fiscal year ended June 30, and this was accepted by the Board. The usual resolution was passed authorizing expenditures of the income of the Institution for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954.
INDUCTION OF NEW SECRETARY
Dr. Leonard Carmichael, psychologist and former president of Tufts College, who had been elected seventh Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution by the Board of Regents at its meeting on April 9, 1952, took office on January 2, 1953. Special induction ceremonies were held in the Regents Room, with the Honorable Harold M. Stephens, chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals, administering the oath of office. Dr. Carmichael succeeded Dr. Alexander Wetmore, biologist, who retired after serving 28 years with the Institution, since 1945 as Secretary. Dr. Wetmore, as research associate, is continuing his scientific work with the Smithsonian.
FINANCES
A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian private funds, will be found in the report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, page 159.
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SECRETARY’S REPORT z
APPROPRIATIONS
Funds appropriated to the Institution for the fiscal year ended June 380, 1953, total $2,419,500, obligated as follows:
iE eee Soe epee er ee ee ena $57, 289 iN Lignin? NUSEINA. 8 765, 514 nn HEReTICAT HLNNOIOP Ya = 0 ek 59, 454 ESTE 1) ae ge Mia AIS Aa RR PO eet leinee ee 119, 840 natertion Of Wine Arig. te 43, 619 OTS i 2S a 2 ee ne ee en 145, 242 a eR oe a ee 7, 000 eee exchange Service.._.._._____.___.___.|_-__.___..---.---..- 65, 664 jesntenance and Operation of buildings_._._____....___.____.__.__~ 864, 945 GT ae ES Se ne ee ee 290, 528 a EE) Oe Se es SE ee the ee 405
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In addition $1,428,050 (of which $13,825.80 was unobligated) was appropriated to the National Gallery of Art, and $615,000 was pro- vided in the District of Columbia appropriation act for the operation of the National Zoological Park.
Besides these direct appropriations, the Institution received funds by transfer or grant from other Federal agencies, as follows:
From the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, $24,287.37 for the operation of the Institute of Social Anthropology through December 31, 1953.
From the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, $122,- 700 for archeological projects in connection with the River Basin Surveys.
From the National Science Foundation, $6,000 to supplement Smith- sonian funds for the transportation of exchange publications through the International Exchange Service.
VISITORS
Visitors to the Smithsonian group of buildings during the year 1952-53 again topped all previous records, totaling 3,429,429, or 3,392 more than the previous year. April 1953 was the month of largest attendance, with 535,832; August 1952 was second, with 475,102. Largest attendance for one day was 44,533 for May 9, 1953. Table 1 gives a summary of the attendance records for the five buildings. These figures, when added to the 3,231,450 estimated visitors at the National Zoological Park and 1,647,470 at the National Gallery of Art, make a total number of visitors at the Smithsonian Institution of 8,308,349.
275494—53—__2
8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
TABLE 1.—Visitors to certain SS during the year ended June 80, 1953
Smith- pause ona ant ANecenft ne Year and month sonian ustries istory ae ; 0 Building | Building | Building | Building | Building | —
1952 PE IS ni etnies tae 73, 580 196, 035 83, 429 29, 122 7, 968 390, 134 See oe 84, 587 245, 475 100, 092 35, 097 9, 851 475, 102 TL Sn cS ee ane 45, 340 107, 327 53, 678 17, 755 6, 283 230, 383 D111 2 nll peepee ges me 37, 107 90, 921 60, 933 14, 494 5, 127 208, 582 Noveniver.... .». 22s 2-225s0c2-2 30, 512 66, 385 45, 746 12, 482 3, 858 158, 983 PRION, oo 5 cig i rig 19, 479 42, 224 33, 076 8, 472 2, 623 105, 874
1958 STALLS an gpl ememinopers: ua axceph, Vaapapean ety. 25, 555 59, 076 46, 302 11, 990 3, 182 146, 105 February=-..-..=---.s=-<=--==-- 29, 885 74, 429 43, 350 12, 386 3, 495 163, 545 |: ERR ep Enea PR Se 35, 812 89, 224 53, 442 13, 557 4, 595 196, 630 SPIT ae a a 92, 510 289, 714 113, 078 31, 568 8, 962 535, 832 LOT ESR SEAR RRS Elin Sere eae 80, 047 222, 349 111, 340 25, 756 8, 247 447, 739 DUNO) one er eee eee 68, 855 183, 454 86, 309 24, 785 0 a 370, 520 Togabs2 252i Ooms 2 623,269 | 1, 666, 613 830, 775 237, 446 71, 308 3, 429, 429
A special record was kept of groups of school children visiting the Smithsonian. The count showed that 207,420 school children came in 5,041 groups, or about 40 toa group. These are enumerated by month in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Groups of school children visiting the Smithsonian, 1952-53
Groups Children
1952: Silly. So oh ey eee 91 2, 188 VAT! nn eee. Cape ee eM. gers: 94 2, 337 September Sk eRe cree ee eee 76 2, 066 OGtober Ue Luk Sree To napeypnere 210 6, 292 Wovermber: 2.6.0.2. 2 7 eo eee 276 7, 947 Deeember 2 oe ee ri 1, 723
1953: JAMUAPY 2 BO DR ee ee 178 4,127 MGDIMBEY 68 i 8 ee 225 5, 658 Mareh © fituly Auli ina. 1O seo >. peRieee 426 14,179 Aipiil oP ois tt ee 1, 393 76, 193 Wig, ere tr ee ed Ree oe 1, 414 61, 471 Firtie Jo sligosd aut Ber BAG! lepers __ otaed 581 23, 239 pi CLF 1 weap Seed bcsees Mare Se ce teste ae eye chee 5, 041 207, 420
TWENTIETH ANNUAL JAMES ARTHUR LECTURE ON THE SUN
In 1931 the Institution received a bequest from James Arthur, of New York, a part of the income from which was to be used for an annual lecture on some aspect of the study of the sun. The twentieth Arthur lecture was delivered in the auditorium of the Natural History Building on the evening of May 21, 1953, by Dr. C. E. Kenneth Mees,
SECRETARY’S REPORT 9
director of the research laboratories of the Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. The subject of Dr. Mees’s address was “Recent Ad- vances in Astronomical Photography.” This lecture will be published in full in the general appendix of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for 1953.
JAMES SMITHSON’S TOMB
Ceremonies were held on the afternoon of June 24, 1953, in con- nection with the rededication of the tomb of James Smithson, founder of the Smithsonian Institution, which is located in a small chapel near the north entrance of the Smithsonian Building. Speakers for the occasion, which marked the 124th anniversary of Smithson’s death in Genoa, Italy, were Sir Roger Makins, British Ambassador to the United States; Sir John Cockcroft, Chairman of the Defense Re- search Policy Committee of Great Britain; and Dr. Leonard Car- michael, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The Ambassador and Sir John, on behalf of the British people, presented a Union Jack to be displayed with the Stars and Stripes beside the tomb as a “symbol of international understanding.”
The next day following the ceremonies William W. Johnson, of the Treasurer’s Office, was presented with a certificate of award for his original suggestion that Smithson’s crypt be redecorated.
TERMINATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY
At the end of the calendar year 1952, the activities of the Institute of Social Anthropology came to an end with the termination of grants from the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, Department of State, under which the Institute had operated. This agency was created in 1943 as an autonomous unit of the Bureau of American Ethnology to carry out cooperative training in anthropological teaching and re- search with the other American republics as a part of the wartime program of the Interdepartmental Committee for Cooperation with the American Republics. Its first director and founder was Dr. Julian H. Steward, who was succeeded in 1946 by Dr. George M. Foster. Summaries of the work of the Institute have been included each year within the report of the director of the Bureau of American Eth- nology. One of the lasting monuments of the agency is the 16 mono- graphs in the Smithsonian series entitled “Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology,” the final number of which appeared in 1953. Several anthropologists remaining on the Institute of Social Anthro- pology staff on December 31, 1952, were transferred to the Institute of Inter-American Affairs.
10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
RENOVATION OF NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
A complete rearrangement of the paintings and art objects in the National Collection of Fine Arts was completed in May under the supervision of its director, Thomas M. Beggs. The collection, housed in the Natural History Building, consists of several major bequests to the Nation through the Smithsonian. Terms of the bequests some- times require that the collections be preserved as entities, although they often consist of paintings quite miscellaneous, both in subject matter and style. Compliance with these terms sometimes has been difficult, especially with the limited space available for exhibition of constantly increasing material. This problem has been solved by the rearrangement in which paintings from the different collections repre- senting various nationalities are grouped in adjacent alcoves without breaking up the integrity of any collection.
Nucleus of the rearrangement is the Harriet Lane Johnston collec- tion, bequeathed to the Nation by the niece of President James Buchanan and First Lady of the White House during his administra- tion. It was this bequest, quite typical of the Civil War period taste in art and containing such relics as the Bible used by President Buchanan at his inauguration, that started the original National Gal- lery of Art. This collection is maintained in its entirety in the new arrangement. This is also true of the Ralph Cross Johnson, John Gellatly, and Alfred Duane Pell collections. Other large collections are represented by only a few examples. These include the William T. Evans collection, the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, and the A. R. and M. H. Eddy donation.
SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION
National Museum.—The collections of the National Museum in- creased by more than 1,607,000 specimens during the year, a million more than the previous year, bringing the total catalog entries to 34,764,250. Some of the year’s outstanding accessions included: In anthropology, more than 300 chipped-stone artifacts from Dauphin County, Pa.; 2,000 potsherds from Transjordan and Palestine; and a fine collection of ceramic ware representing New England folk pot- tery ; in zoology, more than 1,000 mammals from South West Africa, about 2,400 bird skins and skeletons from Colombia, 14,000 fishes from Bermuda and the Caribbean, 14,000 ladybird beetles, and 3,200 iden- tified polychaete worms; in botany, 45,000 plant specimens from Ecuador and Colombia; in geology, an array of minerals, gems, and meteorites, 500,000 Arctic Foraminifera, and several excellent fossil vertebrate remains; in engineering and industries, about 500 radio and electronic devices and a collection of lithographic materials and equip-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 11
ment; and in history, a fine lot of laces, linens, and jewelry from Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, a dress of Mrs. Harry S. Truman for the First Ladies collection of gowns, and 93 pistols for the modern firearms series,
Members of the staff conducted fieldwork in Panama, British Guiana, South West Africa, Thailand, Tahiti, Mexico, Fiji Islands, and many parts of the United States. The Museum issued 18 publications.
National Gallery of Art—The Gallery had 1,647,470 visitors dur- ing the year, an 8-percent increase over 1951-52. In all, 1,408 acces- sions were received, by gift, loan, or deposit. Works of art accepted included paintings by A. V. Tack, Manet, Berthe Morisot, Sir William Orpen, Leonid, John Kensett, Cranach, Van Dyck, P. Gertner, A. Benson, and B. Bruyn; a bust of Whistler by Sir Joseph Boehm; and several groups of prints and drawings. Nine special exhibitions were held. Traveling exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collec- tion were circulated to 17 galleries and museums in this country and 1 in Canada. Exhibitions from the “Index of American Design” were given 58 bookings in 21 States and the District of Columbia and also in Germany, Austria, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Palestine. Over 43,000 persons attended the Gallery’s special tours and the “Picture of the Week” talks, and 14,000 attended the 39 auditorium lectures on Sunday afternoons. The Sunday evening concerts in the west garden court were continued.
National Collection of Fine Arts—The Smithsonian Art Commis- sion met on December 2, 1952, and accepted for the National Collec- tion 8 oil paintings, 1 sculpture, 5 pieces of modern glass, and 4 ceramic pieces. An addition of $5,000 was made to the Barney fund. The Gallery held 13 special exhibitions during the year. The Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service circulated 32 exhibitions, 20 in the United States and Canada and 12 abroad.
Freer Gallery of Art.——Purchases for the collections of the Freer Gallery included Chinese painting, bronzes, metalwork, jade, lacquer, and pottery; Persian paintings, pottery, and manuscripts; Indian paintings; and Japanese pottery. More than 71,000 persons visited the Gallery. In May the Gallery adopted a new plan of keeping open to the public on Tuesday evenings, with occasional lectures.
Bureau of American Ethnology.—The anthropologists of the Bu- reau staff continued their researches, Dr. Stirling on mid-American archeology, Dr. Collins on the Eskimo and Arctic anthropology, Dr. Harrington on Indian linguistics and the California Indians, and Dr. Drucker on the ethnology of Mexico and the northwest coast of North America. Dr. Roberts continued as Director of the River Basin Surveys, and Dr. Foster as Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology (to the time of its termination on December 31).
12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
International Exchange Service-—aAs the official United States agency for the interchange of governmental, scientific, and literary publications between this country and other nations of the world, the International Exchange Service during the year handled 1,021,938 packages of such publications, weighing 855,102 pounds. This was 20,324 packages and 29,475 pounds more than the previous year. Con- signments were made to all countries except China, North Korea, and Rumania. Toward the end of the year, a grant of $6,000 was received from the National Science Foundation to supplement funds for the transportation of exchange publications that otherwise would have been delayed.
National Zoological Park.—The Zoo received 810 accessions during the year, comprising 1,797 individual animals, and 1,/31 were re- moved by death, exchange, et cetera. The net count of animals at the end of the year was 2,741. Noteworthy among the accessions were 2 Barbary apes, a Formosan civet never before exhibited in the Zoo, 3 East Indian monitor lizards, a young flat-tailed otter from Brazil, also the first of its kind to be exhibited here, and 2 of the rare Allen’s monkeys. In all, 247 creatures were born or hatched at the Zoo during the year—95 mammals, 119 birds, and 33 reptiles. Visitors totaled approximately 3,231,000.
Astrophysical Observatory.—The manuscript of volume 7 of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory was completed and sent to the printer late in the year. Mr. Hoover completed a thorough study of the silver-disk pyrheliometer. Two of these instruments were built in the APO shops for other institutions. Solar-radiation studies were continued at the Observatory’s two field stations—at Montezuma, Chile, and Table Mountain, Calif. Research carried on by the Divi- sion of Radiation and Organisms concerned mainly physiological and biochemical processes by which light regulates plant growth and the mechanisms of the action of the auxin-type growth hormones, and several scientific papers were published.
National Air Musewm.—Providing adequate storage facilities for the space-consuming material awaiting a National Air Museum build- ing continues to be a serious problem. Twenty loads of material were brought from Park Ridge, Ill., to the new storage facility provided at Suitland, Md. The Museum staff has helped in the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Powered Flight, participated in many special aeronautical events and exhibits, and inspected material for possible accession, besides taking care of the collections. The Museum re- ceived 32 accessions (totaling 112 specimens) from 28 sources. Full- sized aircraft received included a Douglas DC-3 transport plane that had traveled 814 million air miles, the Hxcalibur III in which a series of historic flights were made, the original HJler-copter, and a German Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket interceptor. At the end of the year
SECRETARY’S REPORT 13
manuscript of a new edition of the Handbook of the Aeronautical Col- lections was nearly completed.
Canal Zone Biological Area.—New diesel generators installed at the station now insure an adequate supply of electric current. A number of other necessary improvements were made. During the year 700 visitors came to the islands, a hundred more than the previous year; 57 of these were scientists who used the facilities of the island to further their various researches, chiefly in biology and photography.
LIBRARY
Accessions to the Smithsonian library totaled more than 68,414 publications during the year, these coming from more than 100 foreign countries. One of the most notable gifts of the year was a large and valuable collection of books and periodicals on philately presented by Eugene N. Costales, of New York. At the close of the year the holdings of the Smithsonian library and all its branches aggregated 941,328 volumes including 584,295 in the Smithsonian Deposit at the Library of Congress but exclusive of incomplete volumes of serials and separates and reprints from serials.
PUBLICATIONS
Eighty-one publications were issued under the Smithsonian imprint during the year. (See Appendix 12 for complete list.) Outstanding among these were: “Primitive Fossil Gastropods and Their Bearing on Gastropod Classification,” by J. Brookes Knight; “Structure and Function of the Genitalia in Some American Agelenid Spiders,” by Robert L. Gering; “Dresses of the First Ladies of the White House,” by Margaret W. Brown; “The Generic Names of the Beetle Family Staphylinidae,” by Richard E. Blackwelder; “Life Histories of North American Wood Warblers,” by A. C. Bent; “Catalog of the Cycle Collection of the Division of Engineering, U. S. National Museum,” by Smith Hempstone Oliver; “The Indian Tribes of North America,” by John R. Swanton; “La Venta, Tabasco: A Study of Olmec Ceramics and Art,” by Philip Drucker; and “Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Virt Valley, Peru,” by Gordon R. Willey. In all, 177,675 copies of Smithsonian publications were distributed during the year. The galley proof of the ninth edition of the Smithsonian Physical Tables
was being read by the compiler, Dr. W. E. Forsythe, at the end of the year.
APPENDIX 1
Report on the United States National Museum
Sim: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condition and operations of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953:
COLLECTIONS
Specimens incorporated into the national collections totaled 1,607,911 (more than twice the number received last year) and were distributed among the six departments as follows: Anthropology, 10,540; zoology, 211,677 ; botany, 82,984; geology, 1,275,140; engineering and industries, 2,008; and history, 25,562. The unusual increase is attributable chiefly to the accessioning of a large number of small fossils, including 750,000 Permian invertebrates and 500,000 Arctic Foraminifera. Most of the other accessions were acquired as gifts from individuals or as transfers from Government departments and agencies. The Annual Report of the Museum, published as a separate document, contains a detailed list of the year’s acquisitions, of which the more important are summarized below. Catalog entries in all departments now total 34,764,250.
Anthropology.—A collection of 315 chipped-stone artifacts, includ- ing fluted projectile points and other man-made objects that suggest a Paleo-Indian culture, from the Shoop site, Dauphin County, Pa., is of particular interest. The Carnegie Institution of Washington, in continuation of their generous cooperation, donated a collection of potsherds representing type objects from excavated sites in the Maya area.
Through an exchange with the Denver Art Museum, the division of ethnology acquired two ceremonial bundles that were formerly used by northern Blackfoot Indians in the rites for tobacco planting. A rare and valuable Chinese Lamaist robe, of dark blue silk and embel- lished with over-all couching of braided silk and embroidery in metal- lic gilt, was presented by Maj. Lee Hagood who had acquired it in Shanghai in 1918. Objects recovered from historical sites of villages, trading posts, and factories in Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New York, and Massachusetts and other New England States were received from various donors. Of outstanding interest and usefulness to the collector and student of early American ceramics are 189 pieces of red- ware, stoneware, and other types of New England folk pottery pre- sented by Mrs. Lura Woodside Watkins. These pottery fragments excavated from sites of New England potteries in existence between
14
SECRETARY’S REPORT 15
1687 and 1880 were assembled by Mrs. Watkins as a study collection for use and illustration in her “New England Potters and Their Wares.” Another important addition, presented by Mrs. Florence Bushee of Newbury, comprises 320 fragments and whole specimens of glass and ceramics excavated by the late Charles H. Danforth at the site of the Boston and Sandwich Glass Co. factory at Sandwich, Mass.
A cast of the Hotu II skull excavated in Iran in 1951 was donated by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research and the American Institute of Human Paleontology.
Zoology.—More than 1,000 mammals collected by Charles O. Hand- ley, Jr., in the Kalahari Desert region of South West Africa, while serving as a member of the Peabody-Harvard expedition under the leadership of L. K. Marshall, were added to the collection. Nearly 500 small mammals were received from various units and members of the military services stationed in Korea and Japan. As transfers the Museum received 47 mammals of Madagascar from Lt. Vernon J. Tip- ton, United States Army Medical Service Graduate School; and a series of rodents from the Marshall, Gilbert, Phoenix, and Tahiti Islands from investigators working under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey and the Pacific Science Board of the Na- tional Research Council. Dr. Henry W. Setzer, while giving instruc- tion on the preparation of specimens for purposes of documentation to members of a U. S. Army medical unit, obtained 156 mammals in Panama.
On the termination of fieldwork in Colombia by M. A. Carriker, Jr., whose collecting has been financed for several years by the income from the W. L. Abbott bequest, 2,174 skins and 225 skeletons of birds were forwarded to the Museum. The Abbott bequest also provided funds for the purchase of 349 skins of birds from Northern Rhodesia. Dr. Harry M. Smith presented 386 skins of birds taken in northern Burma. As transfers the Museum received 58 Alaskan bird skins from the Pub- lic Health Service’s Arctic Health Research Center at Anchorage and 49 skins and 20 skeletons of birds from the Office of Naval Research taken in the vicinity of Point Barrow, Alaska.
Collecting on various islands in the Pacific Ocean, chiefly in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands and the Tuamotus, under the auspices of the Pacific Science Board by Joe T. Marshall, Edwin T. Moul, and J. P. E. Morrison, and of the United States Geological Survey by F. R. Fosberg, resulted in the transfer of 365 lizards to the Museum.
More than 14,000 specimens of fishes obtained by Dr. William Beebe in Bermuda and the Caribbean area were presented by the New York Zoological Society. Other important accessions recorded were some 1,500 fishes from the Blue Dolphin North Atlantic expeditions under the leadership of Comdr. David C. Nutt; 528 fishes from the Gulf of Mexico and the coast of Washington transferred by the United
16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
States Fish and Wildlife Service; 67 paratypes of Mexican fishes from Dr. José Alvarez; and 582 fishes from the Red Sea collected by Dr. Eugenie Clark. As exchanges there were received 144 fishes, including 32 holotypes and paratypes, from the University of Hawaii, and 161 specimens, representing 100 species of Indian fishes, from the Zoologi- cal Survey of India.
The Korschefsky collection of ladybird beetles, comprising over 14,000 specimens and containing 1,445 named species representing 206 genera, was acquired by purchase by the Smithsonian Institution, thus increasing the usefulness of the reference series for this family of beetles. Asa result of the gift of 539 termites, comprising 96 species hitherto unrepresented in the collections, of which 65 were represented by type material, by Dr. Alfred Emerson, University of Chicago, the national collections now contain representatives of more than 1,000 of the 1,800 known species.
Over 3,200 identified polychaete worms were presented by Dr. Marian H. Pettibone, of the University of New Hampshire. As transfers from the Pacific Science Board, the Division of Marine In- vertebrates received 3,412 forms of marine life found on Raroia Atoll in the Tuamotus; 3,980 invertebrates collected on the northern Mar- shall and Gilbert Islands from the United States Geological Survey; and more than 10,000 identified peneid shrimps and some 500 miscel- laneous crustaceans and other marine invertebrates of the Gulf of Mexico from the Fish and Wildlife Service. About 800 holotypes and paratypes were added to the marine-invertebrate collections by the donors who described the new species.
Mollusks from atolls in the northern Marshall Islands, Onotoa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, Raroia in the Tuamotus, and localities in the Fiji, Cook, and Society Islands were transferred by the Pacific Science Board and the United States Geological Survey. Approximately 2,000 land, fresh-water, and marine mollusks from Stewart Island, New Zealand, were presented by Miss Olive Allan. A representation of almost all known races and colonies of the colorful tree snails (Liguus) of Florida, totaling 1,680 specimens, was received from Ralph H. Humes. Dr. George R. LaRue, University of Michigan, one of the leading American parasitologists, presented 1,200 lots of tapeworms and digenetic trematodes. Nearly 100 echinoderms from Onotoa Atoll collected by Dr. P. E. Cloud, Jr., and 707 from the Marshall Islands collected by F. S. MacNeil were transferred by the United States Geological Survey.
Botany.—An important addition to the South American collections resulted from the transfer to the National Herbarium from the herb- arium of the National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, of 45,000 botanical specimens collected in Ecuador and Colombia by the staffs of the Cinchona missions. The Division of
SECRETARY’S REPORT 17
Plant Introduction and Exploration, United States Department of Agriculture, transferred 704 specimens from Turkey and South Africa and 963 specimens from southern Brazil. Australian plants collected by L. R. Specht while participating in the National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution-Commonwealth of Australia expedi- tion to Arnhem Land were presented by the Australian Government.
Gifts included 283 plants of the table mountains of Venezuela from the New York Botanical Garden; 1,693 Virginia plants from H. A. Allard; 498 specimens, mostly from the Amazon region, from the Instituto Agronomico do Norte, Belém, Para, Brazil; and 446 Colom- bian plants from the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota.
As exchanges, several large collections were received, of which refer- ence may be made to 2,070 specimens, mostly from Cuba, from the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm; 1,812 specimens from the Komaroy Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences, U. S. S. R.; and 579 specimens from the Belgian Congo from the Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels.
E. P. Killip collected 2,281 plants for the Museum on Big Pine Key, Fla., and the Isle of Pines, Cuba. Fieldwork by Dr. Ernest R. Sohns in Guanajuato, Mexico, added 875 specimens to the herbarium.
Geology.—Noteworthy gifts received include an exhibition group of datolite crystals from Joseph S. Rapalus; uranium minerals from Utah from George Dix; and a large polished slab of rhodocrosite of rich rose color obtained in Argentina from Ellis Clarke Soper.
A fine crystal of gadolinite from Norway, an aquamarine (beryl) crystal from Russia, a large specimen of vanadinite from Mexico, sev- eral groups of unusual cyrtolite crystals from Colorado, and a milarite crystal from Switzerland were added to the Roebling Collection.
Included among the additions to the Canfield Collection were a large and unusual cruciform twin crystal of quartz from Mexico, a group of quartz crystals from Madagascar, an emerald crystal from Austria, an opal from Australia, and a large green tourmaline crystal from Brazil. The Chamberlain bequest provided funds for the purchase of a 28.8- carat green apatite from Burma and a 17.3-carat pink scapolite cat’s- eye from Ceylon. A very unusual golden beryl cat’s-eye from Mada- gascar, weighing 43 carats, was acquired for the gem collection by exchange. Dr. Stuart H. Perry continued his interest in the meteorite collection by donating a sample of the unique Soroti, Uganda, meteor- ite; other meteorites, mostly from the United States, were acquired by gift or purchase.
As gifts, the Museum received Permian gastropods from the Florida Mountains, N. Mex., Miocene mollusks from Bogachiel River, Wash., Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera from Egypt, Cretaceous inver- tebrates from Texas, Permian invertebrates from Sicily, Devonian
18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
fossils from Iowa, Tertiary invertebrates from Trinidad, and Foram- inifera from the Gulf of Mexico.
Through funds provided by the Springer bequest, the Museum ac- quired 11 type specimens of Carboniferous and Ordovician crinoids and 45 metatypes of other Ordovician crinoids from Oklahoma. The Museum purchased under the Walcott bequest Mesozoic invertebrates from the Austrian Alps and Tertiary and Mesozoic brachiopods from Sicily. Fieldwork financed by the same bequest resulted in the col- lection in Mexico of 900 rock samples containing Foraminifera by Dr. A.R. Loeblich, Jr., and Dr. David H. Dunkle, and 10,000 invertebrates by Dr. G. A. Cooper, Arthur L. Bowsher, and William T. Allen in New Mexico, Texas, and Missouri.
Six transfers were received from the United States Geological Sur- vey, among which were specimens sorted out from the deep-sea cores obtained in the North Atlantic. Another transfer, received from the Office of Naval Research, contains the type specimens of fossil woods from the Cretaceous of Alaska described by Dr. C. A. Arnold, of the University of Michigan.
One of the largest accessions, 500,000 Arctic Foraminifera, includes materials obtained during cruises of the U. S. S. Albatross vessels under the command of Capt. R. A. Bartlett and Comdr. David C. Nutt, and specimens obtained by Dr. A. R. Loeblich, Jr., under a grant from the Office of Naval Research.
New and interesting specimens have been acquired by exchange, in- cluding many genera and species of Foraminifera not hitherto repre- sented in the collections, 158 invertebrates from the Triassic of Eng- land and the Tertiary of Germany, 355 Austrian Triassic brachiopods from the Naturhistorisches Museum, and 69 Paleozoic and Cenozoic brachiopods from Japan from the National University, Yokohama.
Transfers from the Smithsonian River Basin Surveys include, among others, a nearly complete skeleton of the fossil reptile Champ- sosaurus from the Paleocene of North Dakota, a plesiosaur skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming, and some 70 specimens of mammals from Oligocene and Miocene strata of the Canyon Ferry Reservoir area in Montana, all collected by Dr. T. E. White. An im- portant assemblage of Paleocene mammalian jaws and teeth from the Bison basin in central Wyoming as well as several small cellections of mammals from Eocene beds of the Powder River and Wind River basins in Wyoming and from the Eocene and Oligocene in Montana were transferred by the United States Geological Survey. Lower and Middle Cretaceous fishes were collected in Mexico by Dr. David H. Dunkle under the income of the Walcott bequest. An excellent col- lection of cetacean and other mammalian remains from the Miocene of the Chesapeake Bay region made by the late Dr. R. Lee Collins was presented to the Museum by his wife.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 19
Engineering and industries—Nearly 500 electronic and radio de- vices collected and preserved by the late L. C. F. Horle, radio pioneer and engineer, were presented by Mrs. Susan Horle. Of equal inter- est is a small planing machine reputed to have been used to plane bamboo for the filaments of early Edison lamps, presented by Dr. Vannevar Bush. Allen Pope presented a gasoline engine made about 1898 by his father, Harry Pope, to power an experimental automo- bile. An apparatus for taking core samples of the ocean bottom, perfected by Dr. Charles S. Piggot and received from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has considerable historical significance inasmuch as the subsequent development of this instrument has vastly extended knowledge of the ocean floor.
From Dr. Selman A. Waksman the Museum received the original shaking machine and innoculating needle used by him in the experi- ments that resulted in the discovery of the antibiotic streptomycin.
Another outstanding accession was the gift by the Lithographers National Association, Inc., of 142 lithographs, plates, and other tech- nical materials which will be used in preparing a display of the his- tory and techniques of offset lithography. José Ortiz Echagiie, a dis- tinguished Spanish pictorial photographer, presented 15 of his carbon fresson process prints. Six prints by the English pictorialist, the late Alexander Keighley, were received from his estate.
A scale model of the Fourdrinier papermaking machine was pre- sented by the Hammermill Paper Co., and one of a modern cotton ginning mill constructed at the United States Cotton Laboratory, Stoneville, Miss., was transferred from the United States Department of Agriculture. A pictorial quilt of Fort Dearborn, made about 1815, was received from Mrs. John H. Snyder.
As exchanges, the Museum acquired 20 specimens of woods of Thailand from the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Study sets of the woods of New Zealand, Sarawak, and Iriomote Islands were also added to the collection.
History.—Of particular interest among the accessions was the gift by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson of the laces, embroidered linens, and a large gold, diamond, and lalique glass brooch presented to her when she accompanied President Wilson to Europe in 1919. The collection of dresses of the First Ladies of the White House was augmented by the dress given by Mrs. Harry S. Truman to represent the administration of President Truman, 1945-1953. A black crepe dress worn by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom about 1880 was given to the costume collection by Mrs. Langley Moore, of the London Museum of Costume.
The Department of Justice transferred 93 pistols needed to com- plete the series of modern firearms in the division of military history.
Further additions to the Straub collection of gold and silver coins were made by Paul A. Straub.
20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
The Post Office Department transferred to the division of philately 3,198 recently issued stamps which had been distributed by the Uni- versal Postal Union. Gifts of stamps also were received from the | Governments of Monaco, Philippines, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Australia, and Norway, and from the United Nations Postal Administration. Outstanding additions to the phil- utelic collection were as follows: 12 volumes of stamps of Convention States of India from an anonymous donor; carrier stamps and rare foreign stamps from Philip H. Ward, Jr.; Nesbitt dies and postal fiscal stamps of Austria-Hungary from B. H. Homan; and United States precancels and Bureau print precancel errors from John R. Boker, Jr.
EXPLORATION AND FIELDWORK
At the invitation of Princeton University, Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, curator of archeology, participated from July until September 1952 as the representative of the Smithsonian Institution in the interpretation of the archeological aspects of a site near Cody, Wyo., occupied nearly 7,000 years ago by aboriginal hunters of buffalo. Ninety-five archeo- logical sites located in the Upper Essequibo, the Rupununi savannas, and the coastal area of the northwest district of British Guiana were — surveyed and excavated in the interval between October 1952 and April 1953 by Dr. Clifford Evans, associate curator of archeology, under a Fulbright research grant, funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution, and grants from other sources to the coinvestigator, Dr. Betty J. Meggers. At the request of a field party of the United States Geological Survey working in the Monument Valley-Comb Ridge area of northeastern Arizona, Dr. Walter W. Taylor, collaborator in anthropology, visited 41 sites, from 17 of which sherd collections were assembled for subsequent study. At the close of the fiscal year John C. Ewers, associate curator of ethnology, was conducting field investi- gations of Assiniboin Indian arts and crafts on Fort Peck and Fort Belknap Reservations, Montana.
During the last half of the year 1952, Charles O. Handley, Jr., assist- ant curator of mammals, observed and collected mammals in the Kalahari Desert region of northeastern South West Africa while assigned to the Peabody-Harvard ethnological expedition. Following arrival at Walvis Bay on July 1, 1953, the party, under the direction of L. K. Marshall, proceeded to Windhoek which served as a base for the 6-months investigation of the primitive Bushmen residing in the desert south of Okavongo River. Maun in Bechuanaland was the easternmost locality visited. In June 1953 Mr. Handley also made a short field trip to the Dismal Swamp of Virginia to obtain additional data for inclusion in a memoir on that swamp sponsored by the Vir- ginia Academy of Sciences. At the request of the Army Medical
SECRETARY’S REPORT 21
Services, Dr. Henry W. Setzer, associate curator of mammals, was given a detail in January and February 1953 to proceed to the Canal Zone of Panama to give instruction to members of the 25th Preventive Medicine Survey Detachment on the collection and preparation of study specimens of mammals involved in the parasitological and epi- demiological investigations of tropical diseases, and on the comple- tion of this assignment he devoted a few days to the study of the fauna of Barro Colorado Island.
During May and June, Dr. Alexander Wetmore, research associate, assisted by W. M. Perrygo of the National Museum, carried on field studies on the distribution of bird life in Panama in continuation of a program begun several years ago. The work this year covered an area in the southern part of the Province of Veraguas, extending from the National Highway that crosses western Panama down through the great tracts of swampy forest that lie back of the southern coast. The series of specimens obtained give valuable comparative material from an area that previously had been poorly represented in the National Museum collections. Field observations were highly interesting, since the middle of May marked the beginning of the rains, whereas most of the earlier studies had been made during the dry season of the year. Many of the resident birds exhibit marked difference in habit between the two periods. Though most of the great host of migrant birds from North America that winter here leave for the north by May, numerous records were obtained of several species of which there are groups of younger individuals that have not yet attained breeding status but that remain in these tropical areas through the summer season when the older members are on their northern nesting grounds. Orni- thological fieldwork in Thailand by Herbert G. Deignan was made possible by grants from the Guggenheim Foundation and special research funds of the Smithsonian Institution. He arrived at Bangkok on October 8, 1952, and 12 days later departed for the hills west of that city accompanied by Robert E. Elbel, Mutual Security Agency, and three native assistants. Collections were made in Kanchanaburi province during October and November. Fieldwork in Prochnap Khiri Khan province, which is situated in southwestern Thailand between the Gulf of Siam and the Tenasserim Mountain range, was completed on December 31, 1952. The field party worked during January 1953 in the mountainous areas of western Nan and northern Lampang provinces on the Thailand-Laos frontier. On February 9, 1958, Deignan arrived at Chiang Rai, capital of the northernmost province, and from there proceeded to the Mekong River Valley and made collections at Chiang Saen Kao in the region where the boun- daries of Burma, Thailand, and Indo-China meet. After returning to Bangkok on March 20, Deignan devoted a week to fieldwork in Ratburi province, which is situated betwen the provinces of Kanchanaburi and
22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Prochnap Khiri Khan. The field party then proceeded late in March to the forested area near Ban Hua Thanon in Khlong Klung Valley, province of Nakhon Sawan, where fieldwork in Thailand was termi- nated on May 4, 1953.
Traveling by air from Washington, D. C., Dr. Joseph P. E. Morri- son, associate curator of mollusks, arrived at Viti Levu, one of the Fiji Islands, on June 11, 1952, and continued the flight on the same day to Tahiti by way of the Cook Islands. Following 10 days of col- lecting on Tahiti, the team for the study of coral-atoll ecology or- ganized by the Pacific Science Board was transported, through the courtesy of the French Government, some 450 miles by schooner to Raroia Atoll, where field studies and collections were made from June 26 to September 7, 1952. Members of the field party were brought back to Tahiti by the same French schooner. Following another week of collecting on Tahiti, Dr. Morrison proceeded by air to Aitutaki in the Cook Islands and Viti Levu, the season’s work being completed on September 23 at that locality.
Fieldwork by three parties engaged in search for invertebrate and vertebrate fossils was financed by the income from the Walcott bequest. Dr. G. A. Cooper, curator, Arthur L. Bowsher, associate curator, and W. T. Allen, aide, division of invertebrate paleontology and paleo- botany, commenced the season’s work on July 9, 1952, at Adair, Okla., where they spent 2 days collecting Mississippian fossils while en route to Pine Springs Camp in the Guadalupe Mountains of western Texas. Blocks of invertebrate fossils were quarried from the Permian reef limestone near Guadalupe Peak. On July 18 Cooper’s party pro- ceeded to Silver City, N. Mex., to obtain Devonian fossils and thence to other Devonian localities in the vicinity of Kingston, Mud Springs Mountains, Derry, the San Andreas and Sacramento Mountains near Alamogordo, and the Mimbres Mountains. Blocks of silicified upper Pennsylvanian limestone were also collected in the southern part of the Sacramento Mountains. On the return trip stops were made July 29 to August 2, at Ponca City and Tulsa, Okla., to collect Permian invertebrates, and in Missouri for Mississippian fossils.
From the middle of September until mid-December, associate cura- tors Dr. A. R. Loeblich, Jr., and Dr. David H. Dunkle searched for Jurassic and Cretaceous invertebrates and Mesozoic and Tertiary vertebrates in eastern and southern Mexico. They made initial col- lections in the extensive Cretaceous beds in Coahuila and Tamaulipas and later continued the fieldwork in Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. In the course of this trip, which traversed the Sierra Madre Oriental from the vicinity of Monterrey to beyond the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, they collected Foraminifera, mollusks, and brachiopods from the Mesozoic deposits and vertebrates from an Upper Cretaceous forma-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 23
tion in Tamaulipas, Lower Cretaceous deposits near 'Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, and a Tertiary occurrence near Guanajuato.
The recently discovered occurrence of Paleocene mammals in the Bison Basin near the divide between the Red Desert and the valley of the Sweetwater River in south-central Wyoming by a field party of the United States Geological Survey led Dr. C. L. Gazin, curator of vertebrate paleontology, with the assistance of I’. L. Pearce, to com- mence an intensive search for additional materials.
A grant from the National Science Foundation enabled Dr. A. C. Smith, curator of phanerogams, to proceed from Washington on March 6, 1953, to Fiji, where it is his intention to continue botanical] field studies until January 1954 on the upland regions on south-central Viti Levu as well as on Ovalau, Taveuni, and Ngan.
Dr. Ernest R. Sohns, associate curator of grasses, devoted several weeks in October and November 1952 to collecting grasses in Mexico, mostly in the State of Guanajuato.
EK. P. Killip, research associate in botany, continued his critical studies of the plants of Big Pine Key, Fla., and was engaged also for several months in collecting plants on the Isle of Pines, Cuba.
Mendel L. Peterson, acting head curator of the department of his- tory, participated in May 1953 in the underwater investigation of the site of a Spanish ship sunk off Plantation Key, Fla. Evidence found on the wreck proved this ship to have been one of a fleet com- manded by Admiral de Torres which, according to documents pre- served in the Casa Lonja in Seville, Spain, was wrecked on a nearby reef during a hurricane on July 15, 1733. Hand grenades, cannon balls, swords, flintlock muskets, silver coins, and pewter utensils were recovered at the site. This fieldwork is carried on under a grant of funds from E. A. Link, of the Link Aviation Corp.
VISITORS
During the fiscal year 1953 there were 3,120,657 visitors to the Museum buildings, an average daily attendance of 8,549. This is an increase of 17,006 over the total of 3,103,651 visitors in the previous fiscal year. ‘The 207,420 school children included in this total arrived in 5,041 separate groups. Most of them traveled by bus, and some came from localities as far distant as Montana, North and South Dakota, Texas, and Mississippi. Small groups of schoolchildren are not recorded. Almost two-thirds of all the visitors entered the Museum buildings during April to August, inclusive. April 1953 was the month of the largest attendance with 495,302 visitors; August 1952 was the next largest with 480,154; and May 1953 was third with 413,736. Attendance records for the buildings show the following numbers of visitors: Smithsonian Building, 623,269; Arts and Indus- tries Building, 1,666,618; and Natural History Building, 830,775.
275494533
24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
During the year five office rooms assigned to the division of crafts and industries in the Arts and Industries Building were reconditioned, the work involving the construction of concrete floors, the painting of the office rooms, and replastering of one wall. Steel racks were constructed for housing 1,170 drawers, which provided accessibility to 3,860 cubic feet of anthropological materials hitherto located in essen- tially dead storage.
CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF
The vacancy in the division of medicine and public health was filled on December 8, 1952, by the appointment of George B. Griffen- hagen as associate curator.
Respectfully submitted.
Remineton Ketroce, Director.
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 2 Report on the National Gallery of Art
Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trus- tees, the Sixteenth Annual Report of the National Gallery of Art, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953. ‘This report is made pursuant to the provisions of section 5 (d) of Public Resolution No. 14, 75th Congress, Ist session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51).
ORGANIZATION
The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secre- tary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The five general trustees con- tinuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953, were Samuel H. Kress, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Duncan Phillips, Chester Dale, and Paul Mellon. The Board of Trustees held its annual meet- ing on May 5, 1953. Samuel H. Kress was reelected President and Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice President, to serve for the ensuing year. Donald D. Shepard continued to serve during the year as adviser to the Board.
All the executive officers of the Gallery continued in office during the year:
Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treasurer. David E. Finley, Director.
Harry A. McBride, Administrator. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel.
John Walker, Chief Curator. Macgill James, Assistant Director.
The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the annual meeting May 5, 1953, were as follows:
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Chief Justice of the United States, Fred M. Vinson, chairman. Samuel H. Kress, vice chairman.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Leonard Carmichael. Paul Mellon.
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Secretary of the Treasury, George M. Humphrey, chairman. Samuel H. Kress, vice chairman.
26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Chester Dale. Paul Mellon. ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE
Ferdinand Lammot Belin, chairman. Duncan Phillips. Chester Dale. Paul Mellon. David E. Finley. PERSONNEL
On June 30, 1953, full-time Government employees on the staff of the National Gallery of Art numbered 304, as compared with 301 employees as of June 30, 1952. The United States Civil Service regulations govern the appointment of employees paid from appro- priated public funds.
APPROPRIATIONS
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953, the Congress of the United States appropriated for the National Gallery of Art $1,428,050, to be used for salaries and expenses in the operation and upkeep of the Gallery, the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board of Trustees, and all administrative expenses incident thereto, as au- thorized by section 4 (a) of Public Resolution No. 14, 75th Congress, ist session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). This sum in- cludes the regular appropriation of $1,240,550 and a supplemental appropration of $187,500 for the replacement and repair of refrigera- tion equipment used in connection with the air conditioning.
From the regular appropriation the following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred:
Petsanal services. a eee $1, 108, 950. 00 Printing and reproduction_.._________________ Jo eT 5, 222.31 Hlectricity, supplies, equipment, ete____________________________ 126, 347. 59 Unobligated balance.__._____._....»_______.__..._ ._ | see eee 30. 10
i eT ae. ee ee WRN LTE 1, 240, 550. 00
From the supplemental appropriation the following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred :
Replacement of 3 refrigeration machines_________________________ $170, 398. 00 Repair of moter, ¢te......._... ee ee eee 3, 306. 30 Unoebligated balance... =. 13, 795. 70
RN gi ce 187, 500. 00
SECRETARY’S REPORT 27
ATTENDANCE
There were 1,647,470 visitors to the Gallery during the fiscal year 1953, an average daily attendance of about 4,538. This is an increase of 124,874 over the number for 1952. Since March 17, 1941, when the Gallery was opened to the public, to June 30, 1953, there have been 21,931,483 visitors.
ACCESSIONS
There were 1,408 accessions by the National Gallery of Art as gifts, loans, or deposits during the fiscal year 1953. Most of the paintings and a number of the prints were placed on exhibition.
GIFTS
PAINTINGS
The Board of Trustees on July 21, 1952, accepted from Mrs. Augus- tus Vincent Tack the gift of a portrait of President Truman, painted by her husband, which will be held for a National Portrait Gallery. On October 21 the Gallery received the gift of a painting from Samuel L. Fuller, entitled “Portrait of a Lady,” by Salviati, which had been accepted by the Board of Trustees on December 6, 1950. On Novem- ber 3, the Board accepted the bequest by the late Mrs. Charles S. Carstairs of three paintings: “Head of a Woman,” by Manet; “The Sisters,” by Berthe Morisot; and a portrait of herself by Sir William Orpen. The gift of a painting by Leonid entitled “Faraduro,” from the Avalon Foundation, was accepted by the Board of Trustees on December 3, 1952. On February 9, 19538, the Board accepted from Frederick Sturges, Jr., the painting “Newport Harbor, 1857,” by John Kensett. On March 30, 1953, the Board accepted a bequest of the following seven paintings from the late Adolph Caspar Miller:
Artist Title AEDS 22 oe 0 Sa ee Madonna and Child. | ES eT Se Portrait of a Young Man. OS EES ee eee Portrait of a Young Man. ee ES oe Portrait of a Lady. Ee Portrait of a Man. ee ee Portrait of a Lady. NS RED ed Ee Se ee Portrait of a Man. SCULPTURE
On October 21, 1952, the Board accepted a bequest by the late Albert E. Gallatin of a bust of Whistler by Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm which will be held for a National Portrait Gallery. On December 3 the Board accepted a gift from the children of the late Mrs. Otto Kahn
28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
of a terra-cotta bust of an old man, Florentine School, second half of fifteenth century. PRINTS AND DRAWINGS
On October 21, 1952, the Board of Trustees accepted 693 prints and drawings from Lessing J. Rosenwald to be added to his gift to the Gallery. On December 3 the Board approved the addition of 96 prints by Alphonse Legros to the gift of George Matthew Adams. On December 30 the Board accepted a gift from Rush H. Kress of an early sixteenth-century German manuscript choral in two volumes.
EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART
On October 21, 1952, the Board of Trustees accepted the offer of Lessing J. Rosenwald to exchange the following five prints by Van Meckenem for superior impressions of the same works: “Christ Before Caiphas,” “Scourged,” “Pilate Washing His Hands,” “Christ Shown to the People,” and “Crucifixion.” On May 5, 1953, the Board ap- proved Mr. Rosenwald’s offer to exchange the following three prints for superior impressions: “The Spinner,” by Van Meckenem; “Vir- gin with the Pear,” by Durer; “Madonna and Child Standing on a Crescent Moon,” by Altdorfer.
WORKS OF ART ON LOAN
During the fiscal year 1953 the following works of art were received on loan by the National Gallery of Art:
From Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.: Artist Mrs. Chester Dale. 2293 0" ote: ee a ee Bellows. PG rig 9 A 64 by 1 Mlle Silene Re i ada Re es eh BP ese 3 Bazille. Le Pont Neuf) 20, Soe eb Oe ee Marquet. Pie Ei a oe en es Bonnard. Woman). de a sCRERRBe 3 ee Derain. Mie. Dora) Manse). 6 es eee Picasso. Mnins in the; Garden. 2 os ee Vuillard. Jacnges duis. Danid.2 ee ee Rouget. DU Ge i ee te ia tn hi lie ae De la Fresnaye. i TR is ho ie a Modigliani. UEC res eet ee Brie et ae ot ee ee eee Monet. Wotan svi s arian Or er ee ee Matisse. Putnam Foundation, San Diego, Calif.: LMM PHS Cer 1s Rae SIN Ye Mi Mine: So OY Rembrandt. Death of the’ Viren 2 WOOO s SPER OILY ae Petrus Christus.
Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C.: 16 objects of pre-Columbian art.
LOANED WORKS OF ART RETURNED
The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal year 1953:
SECRETARY'S REPORT 29
To
Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.: Artist raarareper 2 i he Sele Se Se David. SE ET SO lee de 25 2S Monet. Re eer Pee ee Bellows. TEES SELES 9 a a Feke. EERE TT Op rs UL 2s Theus. sR getaeetea id ae hail ais Rin Darter aie ae a King. 2 al ln at en a eRe on Rousseau. ec See ae eee eee Ryder. a SG al a a Oudot. a el ga 2: ea ee rr ee Matisse. SRS ee a eee Picasso.
Fernand Stuyck del Bruyére, Belgium: Ne Henri met de Bles.
WORKS OF ART LENT
During the fiscal year 1953, the Gallery lent the following works of art for exhibition purposes:
To The Chattanooga Art Association, Chattanooga, Tenn.: Artist PRE MIAIOT LASS OY 8 ee Various. The Mint Museum, Charlotte, N. C.: EST eral rics th 0c OO OS RI A A em ae Ot Various. Randolph-Macon College, Lynchburg, Va.: se eC dee A Various. American Federation of Arts, New York, N. Y.: a Rb RE EW: CP 4 Gilbert Stuart. Virginia Museum, Richmond, Va.: einroceus (series of 4). Goya. The White House, Washington, D. C.: meee ree-roed Woodpecker... J. J. Audubon. ES i og Noe ae 2 a8 LYE eee ile Le J. J. Audubon. OSES dis Ls a ne ee es Childe Hassam. Sie © ene | ae een ee Volk. SOR aaa ee ee Lambdin. IRR eG 22 ee Kensett. IN es 8 i Harpignies. EU a ee a yee a oes Se eee Emanuel Leutze. ef a ee ere eee John W., Jarvis. I a iat Ralph Karle. erent’) Waentineton af. Princeton... __.____= Charles Polk. ee (oH Marco, Venice) E. Vail. Blair-Lee House, Washington, D. C.: TES ENG Se ia ra, SO renee Healy. Se re OR ae Healy. EES RE OTS, 7 a a a a Lambdin. SE ACRE ARE SES OE Aa a ee eer Lambdin.
30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
EXHIBITIONS
The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art
during the fiscal year 1953:
Lithographs by Toulouse-Lautree. Selected from the Rosenwald Collection. Continued from previous fiscal year through August 3, 1952.
American Portraits from the Collection of the National Gallery of Art. August 10 through September 28, 1952.
Demonstration of Techniques. Watercolor renderings from the Index of American Design. October 5 through October 7, 1952.
American Antiques. Watercolor renderings from the Index of American Design. October 9 through October 19, 1952.
French Drawings, Masterpieces from Five Centuries. From the Louvre, other French museums and private collections. Sponsored by Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service. November 2 through November 30, 1952.
Twentieth-Century French Paintings From the Chester Dale Collection. Opened November 22, 1952, to continue indefinitely.
Japanese Painting and Sculpture, From the 6th Century A. D. to the 19th Century. Sponsored by the Government of Japan. January 25 through Febru- ary 25, 1953.
Nuremberg and the German World, 1460-1530. Prints and books from the Kress and Rosenwald Collections. March 15 through July 12, 1953.
19th- and 20th-Century Paintings from the Edward G. Robinson Collection. May 10 through June 24, 1953.
TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS
Rosenwald Collection.—Special exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated to the following places during the fiscal year 1953:
Chattanooga Art Association, Chattanooga, Tenn.: Collection of Master Prints.
July 12—-August 4, 1952.
University of Alabama, University, Ala.: Toulouse-Lautree Prints.
August 1952.
Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Mich. : 18th-Century Venetian Art. September—October, 1952.
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Md.: “The World Encompassed”—4 maps. October 7—November 23, 1952.
Academy of Music, Philadelphia, Pa.:
3 Blake prints, to accompany premier of Virgil Thompson’s themes from Blake’s “Songs of Innocence and Experience.” October 10, 1952.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.: “Graphic Art by 20th-Century Sculptors’—12 drawings. October 11—December 7, 1952.
Society of the Four Arts, Palm Springs, Fla.:
2 Oudry Drawings. November 15—December 12, 1952,
SECRETARY’S REPORT 31
Religious Art Committee of Student Body, Union Theological Seminary, New work, N. Y.: 4 prints. November 30—December 16, 1952.
John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis, Ind.: 18th-Century Venetian Art.
November 1952-January 4, 1953.
Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, Lynchburg, Va.: Collection of Master Prints.
December 1952.
Virginia Museum, Richmond, Va.: Goya-Tauromachia prints. January 1953.
Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio: Musie Manuscripts.
January 11—March 1, 1953.
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, N. Y.: “Landscape Drawings and Water Colors; Breugel to Cezanne”—7 drawings. January 30—April 11, 1953.
Philadelphia Art Alliance, Philadelphia, Pa.: Selections from Recent French Acquisitions. February 9—March 1, 1953.
Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colo.:
“Art Tells the Story”—1 Blake print. March 1-—April 28, 1953.
Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia: French Impressionism, Drawings and Watercolors. March 23-April 19, 1953.
Tyler School of Art, Elkins Park, Pa.:
Hobby Show for Abington Hospital Benefit. April 15, 1953.
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Minn.: 19th-Century Monotypes—5. May 5-June 30, 1953.
Index of American Design.—During the fiscal year 1953, 25 travel- ing exhibitions of original watercolor renderings of this collection, with 58 bookings, were sent to the following States and countries:
Number of State or country exhibitions 2 TPC RR sD MF “es RRs pe 3 2 PES eae lledl lle Greet aytien-rs: paral: send allot lpcang apna 1 IMG OLICUt 2s Ue RIOD ei ak 1 Peeamies, Gf Columbiayza 2 {racic bs ey 9 A SP ee RET ee | eee oe ee | eee 2 Cosy a ae ec ee es 1 NTR A ORE aid a PR Se a ee 6 5 Sa yar I ae Eglo he tiga pat 1 Hite. SOLS 2 PORT) ee 1 Wi tinye tar iri tyiel 82) 2 es eh ete 1 NERO ee eA TAR ate 3 US PO OE eee Se ee ee eer 1 UA RSs tiller Mat ata et ap SANE A ee eT eee 1
IEW ERSE Woe ee eee es, See. Cane ee 2
32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Number of State or country exhibitions Wier em no on a eee 4 North Carcimna "522.2322 5 Oia SUS ess 2 ae ee eee 4 Pennsylvania. q ~~ j<<.0- ~ 22c6<¢:~< “eae ee 1 Bonth Carolina - 52... 2k ses aoe a ee if TONNOGHROR aie = Sei cen he ee eee 2 Virginia .<.c22. --- 425-4 eee il WIRBONISIR mo eee ee ee ee 1 CreG@GG eo ate Sh 1 TEAR oo = ecteasiee Bae ee Se ee 1 Palestirie. 3 eit snc ee ee eee 1 RG oi ihre i ee 1 Western Germany. = 2.5... 322 eee 1 Western Germany and Austria_____.__------ 1
CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES
The Curatorial Department accessioned 927 gifts to the Gallery dur- ing the fiscal year 1953. Advice was given regarding 285 works of art brought to the Gallery for opinion, and 60 visits to other collections were made by members of the staff for either expert opinion or in con- nection with offers of gifts. About 1,200 inquiries requiring research were answered verbally and by letter. On August 10, 1952, John Walker, as representative of the United States Government on the occasion of the Centennial Celebration of the German National Mu- seum of Niiremberg, gave an address before a large audience. Charles M. Richards conducted two courses in art history under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture. Miss Elizabeth Mongan gave a series of lectures on prints at Beaver College, Swarthmore College, and the Tyler School of Art. Mr. Richards served as an “expert on art” and lecturer at the Career Conference held at George Washington Uni- versity. Healso attended the annual meeting of the American Associ- ation of Museums at Buffalo, N. Y., and an organizational meeting of the Southern Conference of Museums at Raleigh, N. C. Miss Katharine Shepard was sent asa delegate from the Washington Society to the annual meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America in Cleveland. Perry B. Cott was elected vice president of this Society. Mr. Cott served on the following committees: Fine Arts Committee, Washington Cathedral; Advisory Committee for Fulbright Awards in Fine Arts; Committee for the Inaugural Medal; Committee for the Protection of Cultural Property. Mr. Cott arranged a schedule of tours of United States museums for visiting foreigners under the International Exchange of Persons Division, Department of State. Erwin O. Christensen was one of five judges at the Army-Wide Li- brary Publicity Contest. Mr. Christensen was chairman of the session on “Kuropean and American Art” at the Howard University Festival of Fine Arts this spring, and he also made examinations and wrote
SECRETARY’S REPORT 33
reports on the Morosini and Negroli helmets in the Widener Collec- tion. William P. Campbell was one of three judges at the “Neigh- borhood Art Show” in Fauquier County, Va.
Special installations were prepared for the French drawings exhibi- tion and the exhibition of Japanese paintings and sculpture under the direction of Mr. Cott. He also supervised the installation of new vitrines for the Robert Woods Bliss Collection of pre-Columbian art.
RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF WORKS OF ART
Necessary restoration and repair of paintings and sculpture in the Gallery’s collections were made by Francis Sullivan, resident restorer tothe Gallery. Thirty-one pieces of furniture in the Widener Collec- tion were shipped to New York for repair and conditioning; these were returned to the Gallery in October.
PUBLICATIONS
During the year Huntington Cairns contributed an article on “Symbolism and the Language of Jurisprudence” to the forthcoming volume “In the Beginning Was the Word: An Inquiry into the Mean- ing and Function of Language,” and reviews of “The Theodosian Code and Novels” and “Law, the Science of Inefficiency,” by William Seagle, to the Library of Congress United States Quarterly Book Review; “The Note-Books of Matthew Arnold,” edited by Lowry, Young, and Dunn, to Poetry Magazine; and “Feeling and Form,” by Susanne Langer, to the Virginia Quarterly Review. He also delivered a series of lectures at the Johns Hopkins University on “The Theory of Criticism.” :
In November a new book, “Great Paintings from the National Gal- lery of Art,” by Huntington Cairns and John Walker, was published by the Macmillan Co.
Nine articles by John Walker on paintings in the Chester Dale Collection appeared in the Ladies Home Journal.
Mr. Christensen contributed an article, “A Page from the Sketch- book of Martin Van Heemkerck” for the Gazette des Beaux-Arts.
Other publications by the staff during the fiscal year 1953 include the following:
“Objects of Medieval Art,” Handbook No. 3 in the National Gallery of Art series by Erwin O. Christensen.
A catalog entitled “Twentieth-Century French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection” was prepared by William P. Campbell.
A book for hobbyists entitled “Early American Design: Toleware” was written by Mr. Christensen. He also wrote the book “Early American Wood Carving.”
A monograph on Giovanni Bellini’s “Feast of the Gods” is being revised by Mr. Walker and a sixth edition of the catalog, “French
34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection,” is being prepared by Mr. Campbell.
During the fiscal year 1953 the Publications Fund added four new color postcards and a new 11- by 14-inch color reproduction to the list available and 6 additional new 11- by 14-inch color prints were on order. Nineteen new monotone postcards and four new Christmas- card color plates were produced. At the time of the opening of the exhibition of Twentieth-Century French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection a stock of 18 color and monotone postcard subjects was also acquired from the Art Institute of Chicago and distributed here. Eleven more large collotype reproductions of paintings at the Gallery distributed by a New York publisher were placed on sale, and this company also produced the first 6 of a new series of 11- by 14-inch plate-size color reproductions of our works of art.
A new set of playing cards, Wedgwood plates bearing a picture of the Gallery building, a stock of “Famous Paintings” calendars includ- ing many Gallery paintings, and the book, “Italian Painters of the Renaissance,” by Bernard Berenson, illustrated with numerous Gal- lery paintings, were also made available. The 1952 A. W. Mellon lectures of Jacques Maritain in published form were placed on sale as well as four other books by National Gallery of Art staff members.
Exhibition catalogs of the French drawings, Robinson, and Japanese shows were distributed, and over 20,000 postcards of Japanese works of art were sold here during the latter exhibition.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The attendance for the general, congressional, and special tours and the “Picture of the Week” totaled 43,544, while the attendance at 39 auditorium lectures on Sunday afternoons was approximately 13,068 during the fiscal year 1958.
Tours, lectures, and conferences arranged by appointment were given 202 groups and individuals. The total number of people served in this manner was 4,701. These special appointments were made for such groups as representatives from leading universities and museums, groups from other governmental departments, high schools, college students, women’s clubs, Sunday-school classes, and a number of for- eign visitors. This service also included the training of Junior League volunteers who thereafter conducted tours for art students in the Washington high schools and a training program for members of the Arlington American Association of University Women who served as volunteer docents and conducted tours in the Gallery for all the Arlington public-school children in grades 2 through 6.
The staff of the Education Office delivered 17 lectures; 22 lectures were delivered by guest speakers. During March and April Sir Ken- neth Clark delivered the second annual series of the A. W. Mellon
SECRETARY’S REPORT 35
Lectures in the Fine Arts on the theme, “The Nude: A Study of Ideal Form.”
During the past year, 113 persons borrowed 3,827 slides from the lending collection. Seven copies of the National Gallery film were cir- culated on itinerary with 106 bookings completed. In the coming year, 18 copies of the film will be placed in audiovisual libraries in as many different States so that they may have the maximum distribution with guaranteed good treatment.
Hight more sets of the “Christmas Story,” a mimeographed lecture illustrated by 34 slides, were made up and circulated with approxi- mately 1,882 people viewing the slides.
The printed Calendar of Events, announcing all Gallery activities and publications, is distributed monthly to a mailing list of 5,100 names.
LIBRARY
Books, pamphlets, periodicals, photographs, and subscriptions pur- chased out of the fund presented to the National Gallery of Art by Paul Mellon totaled 306 during the fiscal year 1953 ; 33 were purchased out of the fund given by Harold K. Hochschild. Gifts included 270 books and pamphlets, while 718 books, pamphlets, periodicals, and bulletins were received from other institutions. Outstanding among these gifts were 50 books presented by Lessing J. Rosenwald.
Although the Library is not open to the public, it is possible for stu- dents of art and persons with art questions to use the services of the Library. During this fiscal year the Library staff handled 1,480 refer- ence questions, and there were 635 readers other than the Gallery staff who used the Library.
The Library is the depository for photographs of the works of art in the collections of the National Gallery of Art. During the year 425 persons other than the Gallery staff came to purchase prints, and 215 mail orders were filled.
INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN
During the fiscal year 1953, a total of 7 new exhibits containing 304 renderings were completed. Index material was studied during the year by 572 persons representing special research interests, de- signers, groups interested in the material for publications, exhibitions, and slides, and to get a general idea of the collection as a whole.
A total of 859 photographs of Index renderings were sent out of the Gallery on loan, for publicity, and purchase. <A gift of seventy 2-x-2’’ slides of Index material was made by Dr. Konrad Prothmann. Twenty-two sets (consisting of 1,435 slides) of 2-x-2’’ slides were circulated in 26 States, Italy, and England.
36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
MAINTENANCE OF THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS
The usual work in connection with the care and maintenance of the building and its mechanical equipment and the grounds was continued throughout the year. Flowering and foliage plants grown im the moats were used in the garden courts.
In order to provide additional storage space for the Publications Ojffice, a new concrete floor was laid in an unfinished area at the west end of the ground floor.
A partition, stainless steel sink, and print washer were installed in one of the darkrooms of the photographers’ laboratory in order to increase the efficiency of that department.
The elevators were inspected by a representative of the District government, and also by a representative of the Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., and found to be in good mechanical condition.
The high-tension switchgear, together with the safety relays and protective devices, was examined and tested by the Potomac Electric Power Co.
Refrigeration machine No. 4 was thoroughly checked and the neces- sary adjustments made in order that it would be in first-class operating condition when the heavy summer load of air-conditioning would be placed upon it.
With funds appropriated for the purpose, a contract was entered into with the Worthington Corp. for the replacement of three refrig- eration machines. Two of the machines were in operation by June 23, 1953, and the work of installing the third machine is now under way.
OTHER ACTIVITIES
A total of 38 Sunday evening concerts were given during the fiscal year 1953 in the West Garden Court. The National Gallery Or- chestra, conducted by Richard Bales, played nine concerts at the Gal- lery with additional performances at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., and in the Corcoran Gallery of Art. Two of the orchestral concerts at the National Gallery were made possible by the Music Performance Trust Fund of the American Fed- eration of Musicians. During April, May, and June, seven Sunday evenings were devoted to the Gallery’s Tenth American Music Festi- val. Thirty-two compositions by thirty-one American composers were played. Most of the concerts were broadcast in their entirety by Station WCFM, Washington, and the Continental Network. A new feature of the series was the addition of the Church of the Ref- ormation Cantata Choir to the National Gallery Orchestra at two concerts which presented both classical and contemporary composers.
The photographic laboratory of the Gallery produced 14,018 prints, 402 black-and-white slides, 1,156 color slides, and 127 color trans-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 37
parencies, in addition to 2,130 negatives, X-rays, infrared and ultra- violet photographs.
During the fiscal year, 2,358 press releases were issued in connection with Gallery activities, while 142 permits to copy paintings, and 224 permits to photograph in the Gallery were issued.
OTHER GIFTS
Gifts of books on works of art and related material were made to the Gallery by Paul Mellon and others. Gifts of money were made during the fiscal year 1953 by the Old Dominion Foundation, the Avalon Foundation, and Harold K. Hochschild.
AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY
An audit of the private funds of the Gallery has been made for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953, by Price, Waterhouse & Co., public accountants, and the certificate of that company on its examination of the accounting records maintained for such funds will be forwarded to the Gallery.
Respectfully submitted.
Hountineron Cairns, Secretary. Dr. Leonarp CaRMICHAEL, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 3
Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts
Sm: Ihave the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953:
THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION
The 30th annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was held in the Regents Room of the Smithsonian Building on Tuesday, December 2, 1952. The members present were: Paul Manship, chair- man; Alexander Wetmore, secretary (member, ex officio) ; John Taylor Arms, Robert Woods Bliss, Gilmore D. Clarke, David E. Finley, Lloyd Goodrich, Walker Hancock, George Hewitt Myers, Archibald Wenley, Lawrence Grant White, Andrew Wyeth, and Mahonri Young. Thomas M. Beggs, Director, and Paul V. Gardner, curator of ceram- ics, National Collection of Fine Arts, were also present.
The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents the reelec- tion of David EK. Finley, Paul Manship, Eugene E. Speicher, and Archibald Wenley for the ensuing 4-year period.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Paul Manship, chairman; Robert Woods Bliss, vice chairman; and Leonard Carmichael, secretary. The following were elected members of the executive committee for the ensuing year: David E. Finley, chairman, Robert Woods Bliss, Gilmore D. Clarke, and George Hewitt Myers. Paul Manship, as chairman of the Commission, and Leonard Car- michael, as secretary of the Commission, are ex officio members of the executive committee. Dr. Alexander Wetmore, retiring Smithsonian Secretary, was added to the list of emeritus members of the Commis- sion.
Dr. Wetmore reported to the Commission that a bill (H. R. 8216) had been introduced in the House of Representatives “to establish as a branch of the Smithsonian Institution an American Academy of Music, Drama, and Ballet, for the education of selected pupils in all the various phases of these arts, and for other purposes, as part of a National War Memorial (to include a theater and opera house).” A similar bill was introduced in the Senate (S. J. 105).
Mr. Beggs presented his annual report to the Commission, and said that special emphasis had been given to exhibitions during the year. He reported the completion of the renovation of the first-floor galleries,
38
SECRETARY’S REPORT 39
the reorganization of the permanent exhibition of the Harriet Lane Johnston, Ralph Cross Johnson, John Gellatly, and Pell Collections, and the preparation in progress of a new catalog and handbooks of the collections. Responsibility for scheduling the monthly foyer exhibitions in the Natural History Building, including those of scien- tific materials, was transferred by the Secretary to the National Collection of Fine Arts.
Mr. Beggs also described other activities of the National Collection of Fine Arts: The Third Annual Exhibit of the Kiln Club of Wash- ington, representing accomplishment by local craftsmen under Paul V. Gardner’s direction; the exhibits of paintings by Edwin Scott and Alice Pike Barney, indicating new uses of the Barney Fund; the Art and Magic in Arnhem Land Exhibit, shown first in the Natural His- tory Building and now being circulated by the Smithsonian Travel- ing Exhibition Service; the exhibition of “French Drawings of Five Centuries,” lent by the French Government, first shown at the Na- tional Gallery of Art by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service, followed by showings at the Cleveland Museum of Art, the City Art Museum of St. Louis, the William Hayes Fogg Art Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, before its return to France. Mr. Beggs reported that the contract with the Department of State for funds for the preparation of exhibitions to be sent abroad in 1953 and 1954 had been renewed.
The following objects were accepted by the Commission for the National Collection of Fine Arts:
Oil, The Stephen Children (Theodore Brower, Cornelia, John, and Esther Amelia), attributed to a brother of President Madison. Gift of Amelia R. Lowther.
Oil, Man in White (Dr. Henry Sturgis Drinker), by Cecilia Beaux, N. A. (1863-1942). Henry Ward Ranger bequest.
Oil, Portrait of Dr. George F. Becker (1847-1919), geologist, by Fedor Encke (1851-?). Gift of Mrs. George F. Becker. Accepted for the National Portrait Gallery.
Marble, General Philip H. Sheridan (1831-1888), by Thomas Buchanan Read (1822-1872). Gift of Benjamin Bell. Accepted for the National Portrait Gal- lery.
Five pieces of modern glass: Gazelle bowl and base (crystal glass designed by Sidney Waugh and made by Steuben Glass, Inc., Corning, New York) ; vase (8 inches high), ashtray (smoke crystal glass with cut flutings), globular vase (614 inches high with crystal glass engraved fish decoration), all designed by Gerda Stromberg and made at Strombergshyttan, Sweden. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr.
Ceramic, bottle, 14 inches high, St. Ives pottery, stoneware, Tenmoku glaze, designed by Bernard Howell Leach. Gift of the artist.
Ceramic, bottle, 16 inches high, stoneware, Sgraffito decoration, designed by Paul D. Holleman, Roxbury, Mass. Gift of the Kiln Club.
Two award-winning pieces from the Third Annual Exhibition of Ceramic Art, 1952: bottle, hand-modeled, ivory matt glaze, by Alta C. Fuller, winner
275494—5 34
40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
of the B. F. Drakenfeld award; and bowl, wine-red glaze, by Lisle Pursel, winner of Winthrop Ceramic Supply Company award. Gift of the Kiln Club.
STUDY COLLECTION
A ceramic sculpture, Toad, designed by Ollie Palmore Long, gift of the Kiln Club, was added to the study collection.
TRANSFERS ACCEPTED
Four watercolors were transferred from the division of birds on March 13, 1953: Cardinal, Towhee Bunting, and Purple Grackle, by John James Audubon; and Rose-breasted Grosbeak, by Joseph B. Kidd, after Audubon. :
Three oils were transferred from the division of graphic arts o March 25, 1953: Indian Summer, by Jaspar F. Cropsey, N. A.; Octo- ber, by Robert C. Minor; and November, by Jervis McEntee, N. A.
LOANS ACCEPTED
Miniature, James D. Simons, attributed to James Peale, was lent by Miss Henrietta Simons, Charleston, S. C., on July 19, 1952 (with- drawn by owner on September 5, 1952).
Seventeen miniatures were lent by Mr. and Mrs. Ruel P. Tolman, Washington, D. C., as follows:
Man with Red Hair, by Alvan Clark (1804-87).
Unknown Gentleman, by Robert Field (c. 1769-1819). Unknown Gentleman, by Thomas Flatman (1633/7-88). Unknown Gentleman, by Sarah Goodridge (1788-1853).
John (or Uriah) Vaughan, by Christopher Greiner (fl. 1837-64). Robert Parker, attributed to Henry Inman (1801-46). Unknown Young Lady, attributed to Henry Inman (1801-46). J. B., by Raphaelle Peale (1774-1825).
Self Portrait, by Sarah Peale (1800-85).
Unknown Lady, by John Ramage (1748-1802).
Self Portrait, by Edward Savage (1761-1817).
Unknown Man, by Richard M. Staigg (1820-81).
Nancy de Villers, by Carolyn D. Tyler.
Miss Mary Angell, by Carolyn D. Tyler.
Elizabeth Moore, by Carolyn D. Tyler.
Mr. W., by an undetermined artist.
Unknown Man, by an undetermined artist.
Six pieces of modern glass were lent by Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr., Scarsdale, N. Y., on April 11, 1953.
LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Table, French, 18th century (P. 220), was lent to the American F ederation of Arts, Washington, D. C., on July 10, 1952, for an indefinite period.
Venetian plate, of the Cozzi period, c. 1780 (P. 497), and a soup
SECRETARY’S REPORT 41
tureen, dated Turin, c. 1775 (P. 801), were lent to the Detroit Institute of Arts for an exhibition of Arts of Venice in the 18th century, from September 28 to November 1, 1952. (Returned November 14, 1952.)
Two portraits, by Charles Hopkinson—Nikola P. Pashitch and Prince Kimmochi Saionji—were lent to the Century Association, New York City, for an exhibition of work by Charles Hopkinson, from December 3, 1952, to January 4, 1953. (Returned January 22, 1953.)
Oil, Caresse Enfantine, by Mary Cassatt, was lent to the Munson- Williams-Proctor Institute Art Gallery, Utica, N. Y., for an exhibi- tion of expatriates, Whistler, Cassatt, and Sargent, from January 4 through 25,1953. (Returned January 30, 1953.)
Oil, The Storm, by Ludwick Backhuysen (with seven oils by Edwin Scott from the Smithsonian Lending Collection), was lent to the United States District Court of the District of Columbia on December 15, 1952, for a period of 4 years.
Two oils, Cliffs of the Upper Colorado River, Wyoming Territory, by Thomas Moran, and Moonlight, by Albert P. Ryder, were lent to the American Federation of Arts on January 12, 1953, for an exhibi- tion of 19th-century American paintings to be circulated in Germany.
Two oils, An Abandoned Farm, by Ernest Lawson, and Laguna, New Mexico, by Albert L. Groll, were lent to The White House on February 6, 1953, for an indefinite period.
Oil, Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way, by Emanuel Leutze, was lent to the Denver Art Museum for an exhibition, “Art Tells the Story,” from March 1 through April 26, 1953. (Returned May 6, 1953.)
Oil, At Nature’s Mirror, by Ralph Blakelock, was lent to the American Federation of Arts on February 13, 1953, for their traveling show “American Tradition 1800-1900,” through May 1953. (Returned May 29, 1953.)
Two oils, Roses, by Walter Shirlaw, and The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, Christmas Eve, 1814, by Sir Amedee Forestier (with 4 pastels by Alice Pike Barney, and 5 oils by Edwin Scott, from the Smith- sonian Lending Collection), were lent to the United States District Court of the District of Columbia on February 18, 1953, for a period of 4 years.
Oil, Portrait of Wyatt Eaton, by J. Alden Weir (with 5 oils by Edwin Scott, from the Smithsonian Lending Collection), was lent to the Department of Justice on March 12, 1953, for a period of 4 years.
Bronze, Bust of Hon. Elihu Root, by James Earle Fraser, was lent to the National War College on March 13, 1953, for a period of 4 years.
Oil, Portrait of Dr. George F. Becker, by Fedor Encke, was lent to the National Academy of Sciences on April 17, 1953, for a period of 4 years.
42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Four oils, Sea and Rain, by George H. Bogert; Evening Glow, Mount McIntyre, by James Henry Moser; The Vintage, by Alexander Rene Veron; and Conway Hills, by Frederick B. Williams (with a watercolor, Hill and Lake, by James Henry Moser, from the Smith- sonian Lending Collection), were lent to the Department of State on April 23, 1953, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
Oil, Portrait of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, by Seymour M. Stone (with 4 oils by Edwin Scott from the Smithsonian Lending Collection), was lent to the Bureau of the Budget on May 13, 19583, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
Three oils, Col. William Shakespeare King, by George Catlin; Hon. Salmon P. Chase, by James Reid Lambdin; Rustic Dance, by Jean Antoine Watteau; and two marble busts, Hon. Charles Evans Hughes, by Moses W. Dykaar, and Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, by Thomas Buchanan Read, were lent to the United States Court of Military Appeals on June 11, 1953, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
Four watercolors by William H. Holmes, My Old Mill, Holmes- croft, Near Rockville, Maryland; A Maryland Wheat Field; Over the Maryland Fields; and the Normal Rock Creek about 1910 (with 1 oil by Edwin Scott, from the Smithsonian Lending Collection), were lent to the Bureau of the Budget on June 25, 1953, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
LOANS RETURNED
Two oils, Portrait of George Washington, attributed to William Winstanley, after Gilbert Stuart, and The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, Christmas Eve, 1814, by Sir Amedee Forestier, lent March 22, 1949, to the Department of State, were returned January 19, 1953.
Three oils, Conway Hills, by Frederick Ballard Williams; The Meadow Brook, by Charles P. Gruppe; and Sea and Rain, by George H. Bogert, lent March 14, 1946, to the Department of the Treasury, were returned February 12, 1953.
Oil, December Uplands, by Bruce Crane, lent June 27, 1950, to the Executive Office, Council of Economic Advisers, was returned Febru- ary 26, 1953.
SMITHSONIAN LENDING COLLECTION
One oil painting, Paris, 1910, by Edwin Scott (1863-1929), was added to the Alice Pike Barney Memorial Collection on April 11, 1953.
The following paintings were lent for varying periods:
Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.: August 15, 1952: Old Man with Pipe, by O. W. Roederstein. Soldiers of the Empire, by Indoni. Tangier, by L. Garcia.
SECRETARY’S REPORT
Ballerine, by Alice Pike Barney.
Captain Wheeler, by Alice Pike Barney.
Laura Alice in Big Hat, by Alice Pike Barney.
Laura in Fichu, by Alice Pike Barney.
Laura with Blue Scarf, by Alice Pike Barney.
Marie Huet, the Painter, by Alice Pike Barney
Martha, by Alice Pike Barney.
Matsu and Puss, by Alice Pike Barney.
Self Portrait in 1924, by Alice Pike Barney.
Self Portrait with Palette, by Alice Pike Barney.
The Brass Kettle, by Alice Pike Barney.
Woodsprite, by Alice Pike Barney.
Young Girl with Fichu, by Alice Pike Barney. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.:
September 25, 1952:
Marie Huet, by Alice Pike Barney.
R. D. Shepherd, by Alice Pike Barney.
White Paradise, by Alice Pike Barney.
Chambre des Députés No. 3, by Edwin Scott.
Femmes prés des Escaliers No. 1, by Edwin Scott.
Place de la Madeleine, by Edwin Scott.
Quai de la Seine, Bglise St. Gervais, by Edwin Scott.
Scene Italienne prés del a Fontaine, by Edwin Scott.
March 12, 1953:
La Madeleine No. 2, by Edwin Scott.
Maison de Millet, by Edwin Scott.
Notre Dame, by Edwin Scott.
Place St. Germain-des-Prés, by Edwin Scott.
Porte St. Martin No. 2, by Edwin Scott.
43
United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, D. C.:
December 15, 1952: Bateau de Péche, by Edwin Scott. Fglise de Ville, by Edwin Scott. Homme au Chapeau Rouge, by Edwin Scott. Honfleur Fishing Boats No. 1, by Edwin Scott. Saint Roche, Rue St. Honore, by Edwin Scott. Téte de Femme, by Edwin Scott. The Seine at Paris (L’Institute), by Edwin Scott. February 18, 1953: Ali Kuli Kahn, by Alice Pike Barney. Camille Gorde, by Alice Pike Barney. Jimmy Davis, by Alice Pike Barney. Old Actor, by Alice Pike Barney. Cote aux Environs de Cherbourg, by Edwin Scott. Porte de Cherbourg, by Edwin Scott. Porte St. Martin et Enterrement, by Edwin Scott. Ships at Anchor, Cherbourg, No. 1, by Edwin Scott. Ship at Anchor, Cherbourg, No. 2, by Edwin Scott. Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.: March 3, 1953: Chambre des Députés in a Mist, by Edwin Scott. Saint Roche Church, by Edwin Scott. The Madeleine at Dawn, by Hdwin Scott.
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
44 Department of State, Washington, D. C.: April 23, 19538: Hill and Lake, by James Henry Moser. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.: May 13, 1953: Boulevard St. Germain (Prés St. Germain-des-Prés), by Edwin Scott. Chambre des Députés No. 1, by Edwin Scott. Place de la Concorde No. 1, by Edwin Scott. Saint Germaine des Prés No. 3, by Edwin Scott. June 25, 19538: Saint Germaine des Prés No. 2, by Edwin Scott.
ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND
An addition of $5,000 to the fund established in 1951 by Miss Natalie Clifford Barney and Mrs. Laura Dreyfus-Barney, in memory of their mother, for the purpose of encouraging the appreciation and creation of art in the United States, was received in January 1953.
THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND
According to a provision in the Ranger bequest that paintings purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, and assigned to American art institutions, may be claimed during the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the death of the artist represented, 2 paintings were recalled for action of the Smithsonian Art Commission at its meeting on December 2, 1952.
No. 62. Man in White (Dr. Henry Sturgis Drinker), by Cecilia Beaux, N. A. (1863-1942), was accepted by the Commission to become a permanent accession.
No. 5. The Orange Bowl, by Anna §. Fisher, N. A. ( ~—1942), was returned to the Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, R. I., where it was originally assigned in 1921.
The following paintings, purchased by the Council of the National
Academy of Design in 1952, have been assigned as follows:
Title and Artist 137. Yorktown Heights (watercolor), by Warren Baumgartner, N. A. (1895- P . Pirates Alley, New Orleans, by Guy Pene Du Bois, N. A. (1884- ).
. Night Fair, by Martin Jackson (1871- ).
Tide Water Creek, Oreg. (water- color), by Theodore Kautzky, IN. A,
My Studio, by John Koch (1910-
Assignment Suffolk Museum, Stone Brook, Long Island, N. Y.
Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa, Okla.
Mead Memorial Museum, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
William A. Farnsworth Library and Art Museum, Rockland, Maine.
Society of Liberal Arts, J oslyn Art
140.
141.
142.
y Still Life with Leaves, by Roger Kuntz.
Museum, Omaha, Nebr. Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Mass.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 45
SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE
Thirty-two exhibitions were circulated during the past season, 20 in the United States and Canada and 12 abroad, as follows:
UNITED STATES AND CANADA Painting and Drawing
Title Source
Contemporary Swiss Paintings__---~~- Hidgenoessische Kunstkommission of Switzerland ; Dr. Heinz Keller, Curator of Kunstmuseum in Winterthur.
Finnish Paintings and Sculpture____ Fine Arts Academy and Finnish-American Society in Helsinki; Finnish Legation (Heikki Reenpaa).
French Drawings, Masterpieces from Mme. Jacqueline Bouchot-Saupique; M.
Five Centuries. Georges Salles; French Embassy. German Drawings and Watercolors._ Dr. Charlotte Weidler. Pee ban Painters. ___._..______.___ Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston; Pan American Union (José Gomez Sicre).
Graphic Arts Children’s Books from Fifty Coun-
tries I. U. S. Office of Education and State Children’s Books from Fifty Coun- Department.
tries II. Modern Swedish Bookbindings___-_~- Swedish Association of Master Book-
binders; Swedish Institute in Stock- holm; Swedish Embassy.
Woodecuts by Antonio Frasconi__—-_~_ Print Club of Cleveland; Cleveland Mu- seum of Art; Weyne Gallery.
Design Furniture, Costume, and Textiles___._ Index of American Design, National Gal- lery of Art. Beie train Britain —__ Council of Industrial Design; Dollar
Exports Council; British Embassy.
Architecture
EEE ST a ee ee The Re-union of Architecture and }American Institute of Architects. Engineering.
Textiles eee Pextens—.- Swedish Embassy; Swedish Homecraft League; Friends of Textile Art. Ceramics Artists and Potters of Vallauris I_-___|Rene Batigne, Director, Museum of
Artists and Potters of Vallauris II__{ Vallauris, France.
46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Folk Art Norwegian Decorative Painting------ Norwegian Artists Guild; Norwegian Embassy. Our Wide Land-------------------- Index of American Design, National Pennsylvania German Arts and Gallery of Art. Crafts. Ethnology Art and Magic in Arnhem Land-_----- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Anthropology. ABROAD
Influences on American Architecture (Gropius). American Wallpaper.
Contemporary American Textiles.
Containers and Packaging.
The World of Paul Revere.
The City of New York.
Aspects of the American Film—Fourteen Directors. Mississippi Panorama.
Fashion and Color Photography.
Carl Schurz.
These displays were scheduled as an integral part of the programs of 77 museums and galleries, located in 29 States, the District of Columbia, and Canada. Catalogs were published for each, including the exhibit of the “French Drawings of Five Centuries,” lent by the Government of France. This exhibit was first shown at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C., and then sent to Cleveland, St. Louis, Boston, and New York City, before its return to France. The catalog, prepared by Mme. Bouchot-Saupique, curator of drawings at the Louvre, was privately printed, with an introduction by Mrs. Anne- marie H. Pope, chief of the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service.
INFORMATION SERVICE
In addition to the many requests for information received by mail and telephone, inquiries made in person at the office numbered 1,482. Examination was made of ‘773 works of art submitted for identification.
Washington art groups and local chapters of national civic organi- zations were served during the year by National Collection of Fine Arts staff members who judged art exhibitions and competitions, and addressed meetings on subjects in their special fields.
Introductions also were written to catalogs of exhibitions published by organizations showing in the foyer gallery.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 47
SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS Thirteen special exhibitions were held during the year:
July 2 through 30, 1952.—An exhibition of Swedish textiles, arranged in co- operation with the Swedish Embassy by the Potomac Craftsmen, consisting of 195 ceramics, rugs, textiles, books, and paintings.
August 7 through 27, 1952.—An exhibition of 55 oil paintings, “Reveries of Paris,” by Edwin Scott, from the Alice Pike Barney Memorial Collection. An illustrated catalog was printed with private funds.
August 7 through 27, 1952.—An exhibition of 14 portraits in oil, “Citizens of Japan,” by Marguerite S. Hardesty. An illustrated catalog was privately printed.
September 5 through 28, 1952——The Third Annual Exhibition of Ceramic Art, sponsored by the Kiln Club of Washington, consisting of 225 pieces (117 by local artists, 39 by invited American artists, and 69 loaned by various Washington Embassies and Legations as representative of the work of their national artists). Demonstrations on the potter’s wheel were given twice a day four times a week. A catalog was privately printed.
September 5 through 28, 1952.—The Second Regional Exhibition of the Wash- ington Sculptors Group, consisting of 50 pieces of sculpture. A catalog was privately printed.
October 9 through 29, 1952—Norwegian Decorative Painting through One Thousand Years, held under the patronage of His Excellency, the Ambassador from Norway, Wilhelm Munthe de Morgenstierne, consisting of 96 large mounted photographs, and 55 pieces of ceramics. A catalog was privately printed.
November 9 through 27, 1952.—The Fifteenth Metropolitan State Art Contest, held under the auspices of the D. C. Chapter, American Artists Professional League, assisted by the Entre Nous Club, consisting of 308 paintings, sculpture, prints, ceramics, and metalcraft. A catalog was privately printed.
December 7, 1952, through January 4, 1953.—The Tenth Annual Exhibition of the Artists’ Guild of Washington, consisting of 50 paintings and 9 pieces of sculpture.
January 11 through 28, 1953——Contemporary Indian Art and Crafts, sponsored by the Government of India, organized by the Academy of Fine Art, Calcutta, and the All-India Association of Fine Art, Bombay, consisting of 363 items. A catalog was privately printed.
March 5 through 29, 1953.—The Sixty-first Annual Exhibition of the Society of Washington Artists, consisting of 83 paintings and 16 pieces of sculpture. A catalog was privately printed.
May 10 through 31, 1953—The Twentieth Annual Exhibition of the Miniature Painters, Sculptors, and Gravers Society of Washington, D. C., consisting of 221 examples. A catalog was privately printed.
May 22, 1953—At the request of Representative Charles R. Howell, of New Jersey, the model of the 1939 prize-winning design for the Smithsonian Gallery of Art, by Bliel Saarinen, was piaced on exhibition in the lobby of the Natural His- tory Building.
June 7 through 28, 1953.—The Fifty-sixth Annual Exhibition of the Washington Water Color Club, consisting of 135 watercolors, etchings, and drawings. A catalog was privately printed.
Respectfully submitted. Tuomas M. Brces, Director. Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 4 Report on the Freer Gallery of Art
Sim: I have the honor to submit the Thirty-third Annual Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1953.
THE COLLECTIONS
Additions to the collections by purchase were as follows:
BRONZE
52.28. Chinese, Northern Wei dynasty (A. D. 386-535). Standing Buddha image of gilt bronze on a low four-legged platform ; removable mandorla deco- rated with flames and floral patterns cast in low relief. 0.859 x 0.144. (Illustrated.)
53.62. Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1525-1028 B. C.). Cast socketed dagger-ax of the type ch‘ ko. Decorations in relief and intaglio; patination mala- chite with spots of cuprite. 0.236 x 0.068.
JADE
53.9. Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1525-1028 B. C.). Very light, translucent, greenish nephrite ornament mask. Carved in relief and incised. Rear side pierced with six holes for fastening, and a central hole running from top to bottom. 0.046 x 0.041 x 0.006.
LACQUER
53.8. Chinese, Chou dynasty (ca. 3d century B. C.). Brown lacquer bowl with decorations overlaid in red and flat lacquer. 0.055 x 0.271.
53.63. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Wan-li period (A. D. 1573-1619). Red lacquer box with cover ; decorations carved in relief and countersunk decoration carved in black and tan intaglio. 0.132 x 0.323.
53.64. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Yung-lo period (A. D. 1403-1425). Red lacquer box with cover; decorations carved in relief and countersunk intaglio. 0.079 x 0.266.
53.69. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hsiian-té period (A. D. 1426-1435). Red lacquer box with cover; decorations carved in relief and countersunk intaglio. 0.045 x 0.098.
MANUSCRIPT
53.71. Persian, mid-16th century (A. D. 1557). A leaf from Yisuf-u-Zulaikha by Jami. Persian text in black nasta‘lig in two columns. Text inlaid in larger leaf of rose color with designs in gold (ibexes, deer, birds). 0.254 x 0.151.
53.72. Persian, mid-16th century (A. D. 1557). A leaf from Yisuf-u-Zulaikha by Jami. Persian text in black nasta‘liqg in two columns with two-line caption in red. Text inlaid in larger leaf of rose color with arabesques and animal designs in gold. 0.253 x 0.151.
53.73. Persian, mid-16th century (A. D. 1557). A leaf from Yisuf-u-Zulaikha by Jami. Persian text in black nasta‘liqg in two columns with two-line caption in red. Text inlaid in larger leaf of rose color with animals in landscape and birds in floral rinceaux, respectively. 0.254 x 0.150.
48
SECRETARY’S REPORT 49
_ 53.74. Persian, mid-16th century (A. D. 1557). A leaf from Yisuf-u-Zulaikha ' by Jami. Persian text in black nasta‘liq in two columns with two-line caption in red. Text inlaid in larger leaf of rose color with animals in landscape and floral and arabesque rinceaux, respectively. 0.254 x
0.151. METALWORK
52.29. Chinese, Ming dynasty, 15th century. Gold jar with cover; studded with 21 settings for semiprecious stones of which 7 are empty; both jar and cover decorated with incised pattern of dragons among clouds.
0.092 x 0.091. PAINTING
§2.25. Chinese, Yiian dynasty. Ch‘ien Hstian (A. D. 1235-1290). Handscroll entitled “K‘o fang t‘u.” Ink and faint colors on paper. Artist’s signa- ture and 8 seals on painting; 1 inscription and 12 seals on mount. 0.251 x 1.034.
52.27. Chinese, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1464, Ming dynasty, Hsi Ch‘ang (A. D. 1388-1470). Handscroll entitled ‘Hsiao-hsiang-kuo-yii.” Bamboos in ink on paper. Two inscriptions and seven seals on paint- ing; title, two inscriptions and nine seals on mount. 0.290 x 7.800.
52.31. Indian, second half of 16th century, Mughal, school of Akbar (A. D. 1555- 1605). Illustration from a dictionary (unidentified): “Ruler holding court in a tent encampment and investing retainer with gold kaftan.” Color and gold. On verso: 35 lines of black nasta‘liqg writing, captions in red. Wide border with birds and plants in gold. 0.238 x 0.123.
52.32. Indian, second half of 16th century, Mughal, school of Akbar (A. D. 1555-— 1605). Illustration from a dictionary (unidentified): ‘River scene— Ruler and attendants in main boat and smaller boat in foreground from which a man is being drowned.” Color and gold. On verso: 35 lines of black nasta‘liqg with captions in red. Wide gold-painted border with Indian figures in floral setting. 0.231 x 0.125.
52.33. Indian, second half of 16th century, Mughal, school of Akbar (A. D. 1555— 1605). “Audience scene in a palace pavilion during which an old courtier kisses the hand of an enthroned young prince.” Colors and gold. Wide border with crude animal scenes io fit painting into an album. 0.242 x 0.129.
52.34. Indian, second half of 16th century, Mughal, school of Akbar (A. D. 1555- 1605). Illustration from a dictionary (unidentified): ‘Preparation for the hunt in the palace courtyard.” One line of nasta‘liq writing on top. Delicate color tints and gold. On verso: 385 lines of nasta‘lig writing in black, captions in red. Wide gold-painted border with Indian figures in stylized landscape. 0.216 x 0.122.
52.35. Persian, 14th century (A. D. 1341), Mongol (Il-Khin period), Inju school (Shiraz). Page from a Shkd/i-néma manuscript showing “Rustam lift- ing Afrasiyab from the saddle.” Painted with colors and gold, writing in black proto-nasta‘liq in six columns between red columnar lines. 0.086 x 0.171.
53.12— Persian, first half of 17th century (between 1598 and 1648). Period of
53.60. Shah ‘Abbas, school of Isfahan. By Riza Abbasi (Rizfiye ‘Abbasi), and other artists. Album of 60 drawings.
53.61. Persian, early 17th century. Period of Shah ‘Abbas, school of Isfahan. “Lamentation over the dead body of Christ.” By ‘Ali Rizg (‘Abbasi) after Perugino. Color and gold. Three gold-painted borders, the last and widest one with animals in rinceaux on blue ground. 0.210 x 0.152.
52.13.
52.16.
52.17.
52.19.
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
POTTERY
2. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-906). Figurine, mortuary, of a man
on horseback; fine, whitish-buff clay, fired medium hard; transparent glaze, with fine crackle, over areas of brown and green on white Sur- face; man’s head, hands, boots, and saddle blanket unglazed and painted. 0.935 x 0.340 x 0.117.
Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-906). Figurine, mortuary, of a woman on horseback; fine, whitish-buff clay, fired medium hard; transparent glaze, with fine crackle, over areas of brown and green on white sur- face; woman’s head unglazed and painted, also other small areas. 0.481 x 0.376 x 0.148.
. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-906). Figurine, mortuary, of a Negro
groom, left hand restored; fine, whitish-buff clay, fired medium hard; transparent glaze, with fine crackle, over green robe with brown lapels and brown boots, hand white; head and neck unglazed and painted. 0.207 x 0.067.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hsiian-té period (A. D. 1426-1485). Bowl with conical sides and foliate rim; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired; decoration in underglaze cobalt blue, fruit and floral sprays inside and out; six-character Hstian-té mark on base. (Pair with 52.17.) 0.079 x 0.227.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hsiian-té period (A. D. 1426-1485). Bowl with conical sides and foliate rim; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired ; decoration in underglaze cobalt blue, fruit and floral sprays inside and out; six-character Hstian-té mark on base. (Pair with ~ 52.16.) 0.078 x 0.227.
. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Ch‘eng-hua period (A. D. 1465-1487). Bowl with
plain, slightly flaring rim; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired; decoration in underglaze cobalt blue, large lotus sprays inside and out; six-character Ch’eng-hua mark on base. 0.070 x 0.151.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hung-chih period (A. D. 1488-1505). Dish with plain straight rim; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired ; decoration of dragons amid clouds incised in the paste and covered with brilliant green enamel which shows a fine crackle; six-character Hung- chih mark on base. (Pair with 52.20.) 0.044 x 0.215.
. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hung-chih period (A. D. 1488-1505). Dish with
plain, straight rim; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired ; decoration of dragons amid clouds incised in the paste and covered with brilliant green enamel which shows a fine crackle; six-character Hung-chih mark on base. (Pair with 52.19.) 0.044 x 0.215.
. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Chéng-té period (A. D. 1506-1521). Jar of the
type cha-tou; fine white porcelain; transparent glaze, high-fired, inside and on base; decoration of dragons amid Clouds incised in paste and covered with green enamel on a ground of yellow enamel; four-character Chéng-té mark on base which is perforated by four symmetrically placed drilled holes. 0.113 x 0.146.
. Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 690-1279), Ying-ch‘ing type. Vase with
broad rounded shoulder and cylindrical neck; coarse-grained white porcelain with earth adhesions; transparent glaze with faint bluish tone and fine crackle; decoration, in relief under glaze, carved lotus pattern below a row of stamped patterns on shoulder, horizontal fluting on body. 0.202 x 0.127.
52.23.
52.24,
52.26.
52.30.
53.6.
53.7.
53.65.
Pr
SECRETARY’S REPORT 5i
Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. C.—A. D. 920). Wase, small, of hu shape with flaring flanged rim; reddish-buff clay with sand tempering, fired medium hard; green glaze with pale iridescence and fine crackle, all over; decoration of horizontal lines in relief and intaglio, three tri- angular spurs on flat base. 0.131 x 0.107.
Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. C-A. D. 220). Vase, small, with broad shoulder, contracted mouth and low, thick rim; reddish clay with sand tempering, fired medium hard; green glaze with pale iridescence and fine crackle, all over; decoration, none. Two triangular spurs and remains of a third on flat base. 0.113 x 0.149.
Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. C.—-A. D. 220), Yiieh ware. Basin with rounded sides and horizontal flaring rim; clay not visible, but probably fine gray stoneware; thin, transparent, mat glaze, with slight greenish tinge, all over; decoration stamped and incised in clay; four animal masks with rings applied in relief outside. 0.086 x 0.356.
Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1525-1028 B. C.). Gray pottery vessel of the type hwo, decoration incised and in relief. Replica of 42.1, a bronze huo. 0.193 x 0.213.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hstian-té period (A. D. 1426-1435). Bowl with plain, straight rim; fine white porcelain, brownish mottling on footrim ; plain, transparent glaze; decoration in underglaze blue; garden scene with figures outside; plain white inside; six-character Hsiian-té mark. 0.070 x 0.191.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Hstian-té period (A. D. 1426-1435). Bowl with plain straight rim and convex center; fine white porcelain, fired pale orange on footrim; plain, transparent glaze; decoration in underglaze blue ; floral border and lotus panels outside, scroll border, floral wreath, and interlocking festoons with arabesques ; six-character Hsiian-té mark. 0.060 x 0.152.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, second half 15th century. Vase of mei-p‘ing shape with straight neck; fine white porcelain, scattered black flecks on base; plain, transparent glaze; decoration in underglaze blue, clouds on neck ; overlapping petals and pendent leaves on shoulder; landscape garden with figures, stylized lotus panels. 0.228 x 0.144.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, late 15th century. Bowl, shallow with plain, slightly flaring rim ; fine white porcelain ; plain glaze, faintly gray, trans- parent inside; decoration in colored glazes, turquoise five-claw dragons on deep blue ground with white flecks, plain inside. 0.038 x 0.148.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, second half 15th century. Bowl with plain, straight rim ; fine white porcelain; plain, transparent glaze ; decoration in under- glaze blue; cash diaper band at rim, nine dragons amid waves outside; one dragon in waves inside. (Pair with 53.6.) 0.073 x 0.132.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, second half 15th century. Bowl with plain, straight rim; fine white porcelain; plain, transparent glaze; decoration in underglaze blue; cash diaper band at rim, nine dragons amid waves outside; one dragon in waves inside. (Pair with 53.5.) 0.075 x 0.1382.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Chéng-té period (A. D. 1506-1521). Dish with plain, straight rim; fine white porcelain; plain, transparent glaze; decoration in underglaze blue and overglaze yellow enamel; blue flowers op yellow ground; six-character Chéng-té mark. 0.045 x 0.213.
Chinese, Ming dynasty, Yung-lo period (A. D. 1403-1424). Bowl of thin white porcelain with floral decorations traced in the white body under the glaze and scarcely visible except as a transparency. 0.100 x 0.201.
53.67.
53.10.
53.11.
52.11.
53.70.
52.15.
Total
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, K‘ang Hsi period (A. D. 1662-1722). Porcelain
bowl of solid aubergine color, with cloud and dragon decorations carved in body under the glaze; six-character mark of the K‘ang Msi period incised on unglazed foot. 0.091 x 0.128.
Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, K‘ang Hsi period (A. D. 1662-1722). White bottle-shaped porcelain vase decorated with lotus-leaf design in relief around base; six-character mark of the K‘ang Hsi period in underglaze blue on base. 0.200 x 0.069.
. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, Ch‘ien Lung period (A. D. 1736-1795). Bottle-
shaped famille rose vase decorated with enamels in the mille fleur design ; six-character mark of the Ch‘ien Lung period in red on base. 0.128 x 0.067.
Japanese, late 17th century, Kakiemon. A chrysanthemum-shaped deep porcelain plate decorated with vitrifiable enamels. 0.282 x 0.054. (Illustrated. )
Japanese, late 17th century, Kakiemon. An oval-shaped porcelain bowl decorated with vitrifiable enamels; black lacquer cover. 0.089 x 0.193 x 0.150.
Persian, 10th century. Platter, shallow, wide-rimmed, on low ring-foot. Two Kufie inscriptions in black-brown on white slip. The clear glaze shows a fine crackle in places. Inside of foot unglazed, revealing the light reddish clay. Broken and put together in ancient times (three bronze rivets) and again recently. Greater part of outer edge and small area on wide margin made of plaster. 0.468 x 0.060. (Illustrated.)
Persian, 10th century. Bowl, shallow, on solid foot. Knot design in center — and festooned edge are in deep brown slip on white glaze pitted in parts and occasionally chipped off along edge. Broken and put together, but only very small pieces missing. 0.324 x 0.067.
STONE SCULPTURE
Chinese, Northern Ch’i dynasty. Standing figure of a Bodhisattva in high relief against a flat background; right hand holds a lotus bud, left hand a flask. Traces of color. 1.034 x 0.417.
number of accessions to date (including above)_-_______________ 10,794
REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTIONS
Cleaning and restoration of 24 American paintings were completed by John and Richard Finlayson, of Boston. The Gallery has obtained the services of Takashi Sugiura as picture mounter, assigned to the ori- ental collections.
CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS
Changes in exhibitions totaled 141 as follows:
American art:
Mtchings:) 0 U iitisoter of iy osok! sit ariel pve 2 Oil ‘paintings 20 ut a7b_bss_siid Ss atorehhy at doe 19 Watercoler .‘paintingss. 02> 0_ tele cunt. 2ia_- Anv6re sale ea 9
SECRETARY’S REPORT 53
Chinese art:
Peronve> 6s RRO di) er See 2) A Uo Se 2
7 ll geo eee es 6 otis Bee ct WS Se AB ET hs A 1
| SLU btn SE ie a ne a 1
7 a A 2 Eb a ee eee ee 2.
a is as 2 ee ee oe ee ie
rnterecin parckiaing sy. 2 oot) a5.) yt te At 30
0 ASST TC 1 di Oe CORE Se SL CO Pe, eae ae ere eee, See a 2 Japanese art:
2 UIPSCITD 0) 92 ly Sen kaeesr) oe) ae CEL Sees Ges. (OPE ee ee Poe Se, ee A
2 T'e NRE Eo 2 eet See ee keene ee ee Se 42
0 EST SS TSS cies fad O02 ER Ge 2 SOE! (CSET waren a OP 10 Sassanian art:
a SRR a SEUSS StS Beka, See ice es 2 KPa) ed ee Ce 2 Venito-Islamic art:
Cs ROD Be es eae M8 Pe 2 ee 1
LIBRARY
Accessions of books, pamphlets, periodicals, and study materials totaled 835 pieces, making a total of 31,905 books and pamphlets, of which 18,308 are in Chinese, 6,682 in Japanese, and others in Arabic, Armenian, Hindi, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Turkish, as well as in the Western languages. The above total does not include study material. One of the year’s outstanding gifts to the library was the Horyuji Kondo hekiga shu reproductions from the Tokyo National Museum.
In addition to the work of expanding the card catalog and revision of the oriental books catalog, 976 publications and scrolls were cata- loged, 229 parts of serial publications were entered, 3,522 cards were added to the catalogs and shelf lists. A total of 509 items were bound, labeled, repaired, or mounted.
Bibliographic references of the American paintings owned by the Gallery were coordinated with the catalog cards and the Gallery folder sheets. Work on indexing of both the English and Japanese editions of the Japanese periodical Kokka continued, and the project is more than half complete. The compilation of abstracted material in the field of art and archeology in cooperation with the associate in tech- nical research has consumed a great deal of time. This publication is intended to be the principal guide to all recent literature on technical abstracts of art and archeology, beginning with published sources for 1943, through December 1952. It is intended that the completed abstracts will be published in the near future as one of the series of Occasional Papers of the Freer Gallery of Art.
PUBLICATIONS
Three publications of the Gallery were issued during the year:
Pope, John Alexander: Fourteenth-century blue-and-white. A group of Chinese porcelains in the Topkapu Sarayi Miizesi, Istanbul, 1952. Occasional Papers, vol. 2, No.1. (Smithsonian Publ. 4089.)
54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Pope, John Alexander: Ming porcelains in the Freer Gallery of Art. May 1953. Gallery Book I: A selection of etchings, drypoints, lithographs and lithotints by James MeNeill Whistler (1884-1903).
Papers by staff members appeared in outside publications as follows:
Wenley, A. G.: A hsi tsun from the Avery Brundage Collection. Archives, Chinese Art Society of America, vol. 6, 1952.
. Exhibition of Japanese painting and sculpture. Bulletin, Vereeniging van Vrienden der Aziatische Kunst, Derde Serie, No. 1, June 1953.
Ettinghausen, Richard (contributor) : Bibliography of periodical literature on the Near and Middle East, vols. 19-22. The Middle East Journal, 1951-52.
Gettens, R. J.: Science in the art museum. Scientific American, vol. 187, No. 1, pp. 22-27, July 1952.
. The bleaching of stained and discoloured pictures on paper with sodium
ehloride and chlorine dioxide (with French translation). Museum, vol. 5,
No. 2, pp. 116-1380, 1952.
. La technique des “Primitifs Flamands.’’ Studies in Conservation, vol.
1, No. 1, pp. 1-29, October 1952. (With P. Coremans and J. Thissen.)
REPRODUCTIONS
During the year the photographic laboratory made 3,814 prints, 242 glass negatives, and 1,125 lantern slides. ‘Total number of nega- tives on hand, 10,044; lantern slides, 7,067.
BUILDING
The general condition of the Freer building is good, and the main- tenance and operation have been satisfactory, but the galleries and much mechanical equipment need renovation.
The major projects of the cabinet shop have been the completing and putting in service of eight new exhibition cases and the over- hauling of the shop for the oriental picture mounter. Miscellaneous odd jobs in connection with the maintenance of office and Gallery equipment, crating, etc., continue as usual.
ATTENDANCE
The Gallery was open to the public from 9 to 4: 30 every day except Christmas Day, until May 25, 1953. Since that date the hours on Tuesdays have been from 2 to 10. The total number of visitors to come in the main entrance was 71,308. The highest monthly attend- ance was in August, 9,851, and the lowest was in December, 2,623.
There were 1,703 visitors to the office during the year.
HERZFELD ARCHIVE
The Herzfeld material continues to be used by experts in Near Eastern archeology throughout the world.
PLATE 2
Secretary's Report, 1953.—Appendix 4
SH a8
Recent Addition to the Collection of the Freer Gallery of Art.
Secretary's Report, 1953.—Appendix 4 PLATE 3
Bes.
53.10
Recent Additions to the Collection of the Freer Gallery of Art.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 55
AUDITORIUM
On May 26, 1953, Mr. Pope gave the initial lecture in the 1953-54 series at 8:30 p. m. in the auditorium on “The Ming Dynasty and Its Porcelains” (illustrated). Attendance, 521. In addition, the audi- torium was used by four outside agencies.
STAFF ACTIVITIES
The work of the staff members has been devoted to the study of new accessions, of objects contemplated for purchase, and of objects sub- mitted for examination, as well as to individual research projects in the fields represented by the collections of Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Arabic, and Indian materials. Reports, oral or written, and exclu- sive of those made by the technical laboratory on specimens (listed below), were made upon 4,925 objects as follows: Belonging to private individuals, 2,040; belonging to dealers, 1,142; belonging to other mu- seums, 1,748. In all, 503 photographs of objects were examined and 790 oriental language inscriptions were translated for outside indi- viduals and institutions. By request, 8 groups totaling 343 persons met in the exhibition galleries for docent service by staff members; and i group of 9 persons was given docent service in the study-storage rooms. There were 25 distinguished foreign visitors who studied the collections.
Work done in the technical laboratory included the characteriza- tion of an organic red pigment found on a number of Chinese objects within and without the Freer Collection, and the analysis of a copper- corrosion product in ancient Egyptian bronzes which is to be described as a new mineral. Examinations were made of 29 objects from the Freer Collection, and 56 from outside sources. Many of these bore on the two problems mentioned above. Also work was continued on the collection of material for Abstracts of Technical Studies in Art and Archeology. The laboratory equipment was augmented by the instal- lation of a comparison microscope, a chemical balance, and an X-ray viewer.
By invitation the following lectures were given outside the Gallery by staff members:
1952
Oct. 15. Mr. Pope addressed members of the Oriental Ceramic Society, in Lon- don, on “Some Blue-and-White in Istanbul.’ (Illustrated with photographs.) Attendance, 100.
Oct. 24. Mr. Pope addressed a joint meeting of the members of the Svenska Orientsillskapet and the Féreningen Keramikens Viinner, in the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, on “Chinese Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine.” (Illustrated with photographs.) Attendance, 90,
275494—53 5
56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
1952
Oct. 29. Dr. Ettinghausen addressed a joint meeting of the members of the Middle East Institute, the Oriental Club, and the Washington So- ciety, Archaeological Institute of America, at Dumbarton Oaks, on “Islamic Miniatures and the West.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 120.
Oct. 30. Mr. Pope gave a public lecture in the Kunstindustriemuseum, Copen- hagen, on “Chinese Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine.” (Illus- trated with photographs.) Attendance, 40.
Nov. 6. Mr. Pope addressed members of the Association Frangaise des Amis de l’Orient (in French), in the Musée Guimet, Paris, on “Chinese Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine.” (Illustrated with photo- graphs.) Attendance, 100.
While in London, Mr. Pope gave the following lectures at the Uni- versity of London under the auspices of the Percival David Founda- tion of Chinese Art and the School of Oriental and African Studies, as follows:
Noy. 12. “The Introduction of Chinese Porcelain into Europe.” (Illustrated with photographs.) Attendance, 70.
Nov. 18. “Chinese Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine.’ (Illustrated with photographs.) Attendance, 50.
Nov. 25. “Chinese Porecelains from the Ardebil Shrine.” (Illustrated with photographs.) Attendance, 55.
Dee. 11. Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members of the Middle Hast Institute, Washington, D. C., on “Islamic Art.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 20.
Dec. 16. Dr. Ettinghausen lectured at the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, on “Great Art Monuments in Iran, Afghanistan, and India.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 101.
1958
Jan. 5. Dr. Ettinghausen lectured at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D. C., on “Tran and Her Historical Monuments.” (Illustrated.) Attend- ance, 170.
Jan. 15. Mr. Wenley addressed the annual dinner of the Smithsonian Board of Regents, giving a brief account of his trip to Japan as chairman of the committee for the Japanese Loan Exhibition. (Illustrated.) Attendance, 26.
Jan. 16. Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Iranian Embassy in Washing- ton, D. C., on “Iranian Architecture.” (Illustrated with Dr. Etting- hausen’s own slides.) Attendance, 85.
Feb. 6. Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Foreign Service Institute, State Department, Washington, D. C., on “Islamic Art.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 24.
Feb. 8. Mr. Stern gave a public lecture at the National Gallery of Art, Wash- ington, D. C., on “The Exhibition of Japanese Art.” (Illustrated with borrowed slides.) Attendance, 350.
Feb. 8. Mr. Stern gave a lecture to the District of Columbia Library Associa- tion at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C., on “The Exhibition of Japanese Art.” (Illustrated with borrowed slides.) Attendance, 175.
1058 Feb. 13.
Feb. 24.
Feb. 24.
Mar. 23.
Mar. 24.
Mar. 28.
Apr. 8.
Apr. 8.
Apr. 9.
Apr. 10.
Apr. 16.
June 17
June 18.
June 23.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 57
Mr. Pope gave a lecture at the John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis, Ind., on “The Introduction of Chinese Porcelain into Burope.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 110.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at The Mosque, Washington, D. C., on “Near Bastern Art and Facilities for Its Study in Washington, D. C.”’ (Illustrated with borrowed slides.) Attendance, 220.
Mr. Pope gave a lecture at the Chinese Art Society, China House, New York City, on “Chinese Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine.” (Illus- trated.) Attendance, 60.
Mr. Gettens gave a lecture at the Chemistry Club, Trinity College (Catholic University), Washington, D. C., on “Artificial Coloring Materials of the Ancients.” (Tllustrated.) Attendance, 25.
Mr. Stern gave a lecture at the Center for Japanese Studies, Rackham Amphitheatre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, on “The Traveling Exhibition of Japanese Art Treasures.” (Tllustrated.) Attendance, 220.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Science Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., on “Archaeological Travels in Afghanistan and India.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 100.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Frick Collection, New York City, on “Islamic Miniatures and the West.” (Illustrated.) At- tendance, 185.
Mr. Pope gave a lecture at the American Oriental Society, Catholic University, Washington, D. C., on ‘‘Tentative Identification of Cer- tain Harly Persian Collectors of Chinese Porcelain.” Attendance, 40.
Mr. Stern gave a lecture at the American Oriental Society, Catholic University, Washington, D. C., on “Hokusai’s Hyakunin-isshu Ubaga Etoki, or Poems of a Hundred Poets Explained by a Wet Nurse.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 40.
Mr. Stern gave a lecture at the American Oriental Society, Hotel Washington, Washington, D. C., on “The Exhibition of Japanese Painting and Sculpture Currently Touring the United States.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 60.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, on “Archaeological Travels in Iran, Afghanistan and India.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 250.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Md., on “Archaeological Travels in Iran and Afghanistan.” (Illus- trated.) Attendance, 90.
Mrs. Usilton gave a lecture at the 48th annual meeting of the American Association of Museums (Librarians’ Section), Buffalo, N. Y., on “Selling Your Museum Library to Your Board of Directors.” (Illus- trated.) Attendance, 20.
Mr. Gettens gave a lecture at the 48th annual meeting of the American Association of Museums, Buffalo, N. Y., on “Current Art Technical Literature: An Abstracts Project.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 85.
Dr. Ettinghausen gave a lecture at The Cultural Attachés’ Group, United Nations Club, Washington, D. C., on “Art and Nature in the Near East.” (Tllustrated.) Attendance, 38.
58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Members of the staff traveled outside of Washington on official business as follows:
1952 July 7- Mr. Wenley went to Japan to serve as chairman of the committee Sept. 23. representing five American Museums in which the Japanese Loan
Exhibition is being held. This committee was sent to advise with the Japanese Government concerning the contents of the exhibition. Sept. 23— Mr. Pope, in Europe, carried out further research on problems related Dec. 22. to the Chinese porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine; visited museums and collections and consulted with scholars and connoisseurs in London, Glasgow, Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Paris.
In addition, 5 members of the staff made a total of 18 trips outside of Washington on official business. Members of the staff held honorary posts and undertook additional
duties outside the Gallery as follows: Mr. Wenley: Research Professor of Oriental Art, University of Michigan.
Member, Board of United States Civil Service Examiners at Washington, D. C., for the Smithsonian Institution.
Member, Board of Trustees, Textile Museum, Washington, D.C:
Member, Council of the Far Eastern Ceramic Group.
Member, Board of Trustees of the Hermitage Foundation, Norfolk, Va.
Member, Visiting Committee, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Member, Smithsonian Art Commission.
Member, Consultative Committee, Ars Orientalis.
Chairman, Louise Wallace Hackney Scholarship Committee of the American Oriental Society.
Mr. Pope: Member, Board of Governors of the Washington Society of the Archaeological Institute of America; the Board met at the Freer Gallery of Art, on July 23, 1952, and on May 13, 4953.
President, Far Eastern Ceramic Group.
Art Editor, Far Eastern Quarterly.
Member, Editorial Board of the Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America.
President, Southern Association of Exeter Alumni in Wash- ington.
Accompanied 5 students and 1 teacher from the Garrison- Forest School, Baltimore, Md., through the Japanese exhi- bition at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C., February 12, 1953.
Dr. Ettinghausen: Research Professor of Islamic Art, University of Michigan.
Near Eastern editor of Ars Orientalis.
Member, Editorial Board, The Art Bulletin.
Trustee, American Research Center in Egypt.
Member, Comitato Internazionale di Patronato, Museo Inter- nazionale delle Ceramiche, Faenza, Italy.
Member, Editorial Advisory Committee, Studies in Art and Literature in Honor of Belle DaCosta Greene.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 59
Dr. Ettinghausen: Editor, A Selected and Annotated Bibliography of Books
Mr. Gettens:
Mr. Stern:
and Periodicals in Western Languages Dealing with the Near and Middle East with Special Emphasis on Medieval and Modern Times; published by the Middle East Institute, 1952.
Went to the Georgetown Branch of the District of Columbia Public Library to examine and advise about the exhibition of 30 Egyptian paintings by Youssef Sida; wrote the Fore- word in the Catalogue of the Exhibition of Modern Paint- ings by Youssef Sida under the Patronage of H. E. the Egyptian Ambassador, July 17-19, 1952.
Associate Editor, Studies in Conservation, published for the International Institute for the Conservation of Museum Objects.
Abstractor for Chemical Abstracts, American Chemical Society.
Assisted in the preparation of the catalog of the Japanese Loan Exhibition; also in the installation of the objects in the Exhibition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C., November 1952-January 1953.
Respectfully submitted.
A. G. Wentey, Director.
Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 5 Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology
Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Amer- ican Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1953, conducted in accordance with the act of Congress of April 10, 1928, as amended August 22, 1949, which provides “. . . to continue independently or in cooperation anthropological researches among the American In- dians and the natives of lands under the jurisdiction or protection of the United States and the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains.”
SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES
On January 28 Dr. M. W. Stirling, Director of the Bureau, left for Panama on the fourth National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution archeological expedition to Panama. From February 13 — to March 1 the expedition was in Darién where 2 weeks were spent on the Sambu River studying the little-known Choco Indians. The fact that their territory was opened for settlement only 2 years ago offered unusual opportunity to study the beginnings of the ac- culturation process. Following this, Dr. Stirling spent a month in archeological work on the islands of the Gulf of Panama, with head- quarters on Taboga Island. Excavations in shell-midden sites were conducted on Taboga and Taboguilla Islands and a large burial site in a rock shelter on Uraba was investigated. He spent the first half of April on Almirante Bay in the Province of Bocas del Toro where he examined midden and cave sites and made test excavations. He re- turned to Washington on April 20.
Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., Associate Director of the Bureau, was occupied most of the year with the management of the River Basin Surveys, of which he is Director. In August he went to Lin- coln, Nebr., to inspect the headquarters of the Missouri Basin project, whence, accompanied by Ralph D. Brown, chief of the Missouri Basin project, and Dr. Gordon C. Baldwin, archeologist from the Region 2 office of the National Park Service at Omaha, Nebr., he proceeded to the Harlan County Reservoir project in south-central Nebraska where he visited the excavating party from the Laboratory of An- thropology of the University of Nebraska, under the direction of Dr. John L. Champe. The work at the Harlan County Reservoir was
60
SECRETARY’S REPORT 61
a cooperative undertaking between the Laboratory of Anthropology and the Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage Program. While there the party examined several sites which had been excavated during the summer or were then being dug. From Dr. Champe’s camp the party proceeded to Medicine Creek Reservoir, near Cambridge, Nebr., where E. Mott Davis of the Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska, was carrying on another cooperative project, excavating a site con- taining material belonging in the Early Man category. From Medi- cine Creek Dr. Roberts and his associates went to Denver, Colo., where they conferred with officials in the regional office of the Bureau of Reclamation. From Denver they went to Laramie, Wyo., where they examined and studied a collection of specimens from excavations carried on by Dr. William Mulloy of the University of Wyoming at the Keyhole Reservoir. The latter work was also a cooperative project. From Laramie the party went to Cody, Wyo., where it spent 2 days at the Horner site where a joint party from the Smithsonian Institution and Princeton University, under the leadership of Dr. Waldo R. Wedel and Dr. Glenn L. Jepsen, was collecting interesting new evidence on one of the early hunting groups in the Plains area. From Cody, Dr. Roberts and his companions went to Billings, Mont., to confer with regional officials of the Bureau of Reclamation about the various projects underway or contemplated in that portion of the Missouri Basin. At Billings the party was joined by John L. Cotter from the Washington office of the National Park Service. From Billings, they went to the Garrison Reservoir in North Dakota where they inspected the excavations being conducted by River Basin Surveys parties at the site of Fort Berthold IT and an early his- toric Indian village on the top of a small butte near Elbowoods, N. Dak. The group then went on to Bismarck, N. Dak., where it examined and studied materials which had been collected by a party from the North Dakota State Historical Society at the site of the Indian village which was adjacent to Fort Berthold IJ. From Bis- marck the party proceeded to Jamestown where the River Basin Sur- veys were excavating a village site and some mounds in the area to be flooded by the Jamestown Reservoir. It then proceeded to the Oahe Dam of the Oahe Reservoir near Pierre, S. Dak., where two River Basin Surveys groups were digging. One of the latter was at work in the remains of a fortified village a short distance above the dam while the other was occupied at an earlier site some miles upstream. From Pierre, Dr. Roberts and his associates went to the Fort Randall Reservoir where another River Basin Surveys party was digging in two sites. En route they stopped and inspected a site where the University of Kansas had carried on a cooperative excavation project during the earlier part of the season. From Fort Randall the group returned to the headquarters at Lincoln where
62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
several days were spent in examining and studying collections coming in from the various field parties. At that time Dr. Roberts assisted Mr. Brown in preparing plans for the termination of the various field parties and for the fall and winter work at the laboratory in Lincoln.
Dr. Roberts returned to the field office at Lincoln in September following the accidental death of Mr. Brown, and for a period of 2 weeks took charge of the operations there, supervising the termination of the field projects and the return of personnel and equipment to the field headquarters. At that time he also reviewed and edited a number of preliminary reports on reconnaissance surveys, and ap- proved them for mimeographing and distribution.
In December Dr. Roberts went to St. Louis to attend the annual meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and gave the retiring address as chairman of Section H, speaking on the subject “Progress in the Inter-Agency Archeological and Anthro- pological Salvage Program in the United States.” In May he at- tended the meetings of the Society for American Archaeology at Urbana, II1., taking part in a number of discussions pertaining to the work in the Plains area. Later in the month he went to Lincoln, Nebr., to take part in a meeting of the Missouri Basin Inter-Agency Field Committee. In January he completed a manuscript, “Earliest Men in America, Their Arrival and Spread in Late Pleistocene and Post Pleistocene Times,” for the International Commission for a Scientific and Cultural History of Mankind. During the year Dr. Roberts received an alumni award from the University of Denver for distinguished service in the field of American archeology.
Dr. Henry B. Collins, anthropologist, continued his Eskimo studies and other Arctic activities. He continued to serve as a member of the National Research Council’s Committee on International Relations in Anthropology and was appointed a member of the Permanent Council of the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethno- logical Sciences, to participate in planning for the next session of the Congress, to be held in Philadelphia in 1954.
As a member of the Board of Governors of the Arctic Institute of North America Dr. Collins attended several meetings of the Board and of the executive committee held in Montreal, Ottawa, and Wash- ington. As chairman of the directing committee of the Arctic Bib- hography, he continued to supervise the operation of this project and made arrangements with the Department of the Air Force for support of the work during the present and coming fiscal years and for the publication of the material assembled in 1952 and 1953. The Arctic Bibliography is being prepared for the Department of Defense by the Arctic Institute under contract with the Office of Naval Research. It describes, and indexes by topic and region, the contents of 24,000 publications in all fields of science relating to the Arctic and sub-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 63
Arctic regions of America, Siberia, and Europe. About 40 percent of the material is in English, 30 percent in Russian, and the rest mainly in Scandinavian, Finnish, German, and French. ‘The first 3 volumes of the Bibliography, of approximately 1,500 pages each, will be issued as a publication of the Department of the Army in July 1953. A fourth volume of the same size, representing the work of the past 2 years, was turned over to the printer at the end of the present fiscal ear.
‘ Dr. Collins participated in the preparation of a Program of His- tory of America, which the Comisién de Historia of Mexico is or- ganizing under the sponsorship of the Rockefeller Foundation. In January he attended a meeting in Havana at which plans for the program were discussed, and prepared a paper on the subject assigned to him—the Arctic Area—which summarized existing knowledge of the archeology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and history of the Eskimo and Indian tribes of the American Arctic.
On June 23 Dr. Collins and his assistant, William KE. Taylor, were flown by the R. C. A. F. from Montreal to Cornwallis Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to conduct further archeological ex- cavations for the National Museum of Canada and the Smithsonian Institution. The principal objective of the work is to obtain addi- tional information on the prehistoric Dorset culture, traces of which were found there, with Thule culture remains, by Dr. Collins and Mr. Taylor in 1950 and 1951.
The beginning of the fiscal year found Dr. John P. Harrington, eth- nologist, engaged in the preparation of a study of the Abenaki In- dians of Maine, Quebec, and formerly also of Vermont, who speak the nearest related living language to the extinct tongue of the Massa- chusetts Indians, in whose language the Eliot Bible was written. The two tongues were so closely akin that an Indian speaking one could with a little practice have understood the other. A complete treatise on the Abenaki has been assembled, including unique lists of the terms referring to their culture, and the material awaits completion of the typing to make it ready for the printer.
On December 20 Dr. Harrington proceeded to Santa Barbara, Calif., where he continued his studies of the Chumash Indians of the Santa Barbara Channel region. In 1542 the Cabrillo Expedition visited these shores, and, contrary to the custom of the time, put on record about 42 place names, nearly all of which can be identified. Atl the sites along the coast were visited. The coming of Cabrillo antedated that of the Pilgrim Fathers to what is now Massachusetts by nearly 80 years, and the Indian words written down are far older than any others recorded in California. During the four centuries which have elapsed since Cabrillo came, the language has evidently changed but little. Through good fortune Dr. Harrington was able to locate the
64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
long-looked-for chapel of Saxpilil and to identify the site of the vil- lage of Coloc. On April 20, 1953, he returned to Washington.
At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. Philip Drucker, anthropolo- gist, was in Washington continuing his studies of Meso-American archeology. During the latter part of the summer he began prepara- tions for an acculturational study in southeast Alaska. On Septem- ber 30 he left Washington for Juneau, Alaska, where he began his investigation of the development and function of the highly interest- ing intertribal organization of Alaskan Indians known as the Alaska Native Brotherhood. In November he had the good fortune to be in- vited to attend the annual convention of this organization at Hoonah, Alaska, in the role of an observer. On the first of December he re- turned to Washington and began preparation of a report on the study just completed.
Shortly after the first of the year Dr. Drucker went to Mexico, D. F., where he conferred with officials of the Mexican Government and ob- tained the necessary permits to enable him to carry out a program of archeological reconnaissance in the Olmec area of western Tabasco and southern Veracruz. This research project was sponsored jointly by the Smithsonian Institution and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. At the end of January he departed for the field where he continued his investigations until the middle of May. He returned to Mexico City to make arrangements for the exportation of the ceramic samples collected in the course of the survey, the study of which should make it possible to identify as to culture affiliation each of the 70-some-odd archeological sites discovered and tested in the course of the trip. On June 10 he left for Washington, D. C.
RIVER BASIN SURVEYS? (Report prepared by Frank H. H. Roserts, Jr.)
As in previous years the investigations of the River Basin Surveys were carried on in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior, the Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army, and various State and local institutions. During the fiscal year 1952-53 the work was financed by a transfer of $122,700 from the National Park Service to the Smith- sonian Institution. Included were $111,065 for investigations in the Missouri Basin and $11,635 for all other areas where projects were underway. An additional $50,294 in carryover of previous funds was also available for the Missouri Basin, making a total of $161,359 for that area. The over-all total for the fiscal year, including an unex- pended balance of $3,390, was $172,994. That amount was approxi-
* See article by Dr. Roberts in 1951 Smithsonian Report, pp. 351-383, for a 5-year summary of the River Basin Surveys work.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 65
mately 26 percent less than for the preceding year and necessitated a corresponding reduction in operations.
Field investigations consisted of reconnaissance or surveys for locating archeological sites and paleontological deposits that will be affected by construction work, or are located in areas that will be flooded, and the excavation of sites that previous survey parties had observed and recorded. Following the trend of the preceding year there was much greater emphasis on excavation because the survey parties had in large measure caught up with the general program and there were fewer proposed reservoir areas requiring preliminary study. Reconnaissance parties visited 6 new reservoir basins located in 8 States. Further surveys were made in 7 reservoir areas where some preliminary studies had previously been carried on. They were in 5 different States. At the end of the fiscal year excavations were completed or were underway in 6 reservoir basins in 4 States. During the course of the year there were nine excavating parties in the field. Four of them were in areas where there had been no di igging previously. The other five continued investigations at reservoir projects where work was started during prior field seasons. A paleontological party collected materials and made geologic studies in 4 reservoir basins in 3 States. By June 30, 1953, reservoir areas where archeological surveys had been made or excavations carried on since the start of the program in 1946 totaled 241 in 27 States. One lock project and four canal areas were also investigated. The survey parties have located and recorded 3,469 archeological sites, and of that number 852 have been recommended for excavation or limited testing. Preliminary ap- praisal reports were completed for all the reservoirs surveyed, and where additional reconnaissance has resulted in the discovery of fur- ther sites supplemental reports have been prepared. Some of those finished during the fiscal year, together with others completed toward the end of the previous year, were mimeographed for limited distribu- tion to the cooperating agencies. In the course of the year 23 such reports were issued. The total number distributed since the start of the program is 172. The variance between that figure and the total number of reservoirs investigated is partially attributable to the fact that in a number of cases a whole series of reservoirs occurring in a basin or subbasin has been included in a single report. Other completed manuscripts had not yet been mimeographed at the end of the year. Excavations carried on during the year brought the total for reservoir projects where such investigations have been made to 42 located in 17 different States. The results of certain phases of some of that work have appeared in various scientific journals, and Bulletin 154 of the Bureau of American Ethnology, River Basin Surveys Papers, containing 6 reports, was ready for release on June 30, 1953. Detailed technical reports on 10 additional excavation projects have
66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
been completed and are ready for publication. Paleontological sur- veys have been made in 121 reservoir areas. Archeological work has also been done in 88 of them and the remaining 33 will eventually be visited by archeological parties. The total of all reservoir basins — surveyed, including those where archeological studies are still to be made, is 273.
The reservoir projects that had been surveyed for archeological re- mains, as of June 30, 1958, were distributed by States as follows: Alabama, 1; California, 20; Colorado, 24; Georgia, 4; Idaho, 11; Illi- nois, 2; Kansas, 10; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Minnesota, 1; Missis- sippi, 1; Montana, 15; Nebraska, 28; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 13; Ohio, 2; Oklahoma, 7; Oregon, 27; Pennsylvania, 2; South Da- kota, 9; Tennessee, 3; Texas, 19; Virginia, 2; Washington, 11; West Virginia, 2; Wyoming, 21. Excavations have been made or were being made in reservoir basins in: California, 5; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 4; Kansas, 3; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 4; Oklahoma, 2; Oregon, 2; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 3; Texas, 7 RELA. ts Bi ies 3; West aaa Lis wre 2. Only ‘the work of the River Baie Surveys or that in which there was direct cooperation with local institutions is included in the foregoing figures. Projects that were in direct cooperation with the National Park Service or were carried on by local institutions alone are not included because complete information about them was not available.
The River Basin Surveys continued to receive extensive and helpful cooperation during the year from the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Corps of Engineers, and various State and local institutions. Detailed maps of the reservoirs under investi- gation were supplied by the agency concerned and at a number of projects temporary office and laboratory rooms, as well as dwelling facilities, were provided. For survey work in Tennessee guides and transportation were furnished by the Corps of Engineers and the same source made transportation available at a series of excavations in Georgia. The work of the River Basin Surveys men was made much easier by the assistance of the field personnel of the other agencies and their accomplishments were much greater than they would have been without that help. As in other years, the National Park Service functioned as the liaison between the various agencies both in Wash- ington and in the field. Through its several regional offices it secured information about the locations for dams and reservoirs and data on their construction priorities. The National Park Service also was mainly responsible for the preparation of estimates and justifications and procurement of funds for carrying on the program. The en- thusiastic cooperation of Park Service personnel was a definite aid in all phases of the operations.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 67
The main office in Washington directed and supervised the work in the east and south, while that in the Missouri Basin was under the supervision of a field headquarters and laboratory at Lincoln, Nebr. The materials collected by survey and excavating parties in the east and south were processed in Washington. ‘Those from the Missouri Basin were handled at the Lincoln laboratory.
Washington office—The main headquarters of the River Basin Surveys continued under the direction of Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., throughout the year. Carl F. Miller and Ralph S. Solecki, archeologists, were based on that office, although Solecki was trans- ferred to the Missouri Basin Project early in July and continued there until October when he returned to Washington. Late in No- vember he was granted leave of absence to accept a Fulbright Scholar- ship for archeological investigations in Iraq. He was appointed a collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution and from March until the end of June conducted excavations financed jointly by the Iraq Government and the Smithsonian Institution.
At the start of the fiscal year Mr. Miller was in the office working on material obtained the latter part of the previous year at the John H. Kerr Reservoir (Buggs Island) on the Roanoke River in southern Virginia. During July he spent several days inspecting a site near Cambridge, Md., where a large mound attributable to the Adena culture was being destroyed by a housing development. In August he made a brief survey of the Demopolis Reservoir basin on the Warrior River in Alabama and checked on several sites in the Grenada Reser- voir on the Yalobusha River in Mississippi. In October he took part in the Southeastern Archeological Conference held at Macon, Ga., and in November made all arrangements for the annual meeting of the Eastern States Archeological Federation which met in Washington. During the autumn months he completed his technical report on the excavations that he made at the Fort Lookout Trading Post site in the Fort Randall Reservoir basin in South Dakota while on loan to the Missouri Basin Project the previous year. He also finished cer- tain revisions in the completed technical report on work at the Alla- toona Reservoir on the Etowah River in Georgia. He revised a paper on Indian pottery types of Pissaseck, Va., for publication in the Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Late in December Mr. Miller visited the Bluestone Reservoir on New River near Hinton, W. Va., to ascertain the exact status of the reservoir pool and what the situation was with respect to sites that had been recommended for excavation and testing when a survey was made of the area in 1948, During January and February he studied materials from his exca- vations at the John H. Kerr Reservoir and worked on his technical report for that project. From March 9 to June 6 he conducted exca- vations at four sites in the Jim Woodruff Reservoir area on the Flint
68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
River in southern Georgia, and gave a number of talks on the River Basin Surveys program before local groups both in Georgia and northern Florida.
Dr. Theodore E. White, geologist, divided his time between the Washington office and the Missouri Basin. From November 12, 1952, to March 30, 1953, he was in Washington, cleaning, cataloging, and identifying the small mammals he had collected during the field sea- son. In addition he identified three lots of bone from archeological sites in the Columbia Basin and one lot from a site excavated by a cooperating agency in the Missouri Basin. He completed a series of five papers on “Observations on the Butchering Technique of Some Aboriginal People” and was a joint author, with C. M. Barber, of a sixth. All have been submitted for publication in American An- tiquity. He also finished a manuscript, “Endocrine Glands and Evo- lution, No. 3,” for the journal Evolution. Two other papers, “Lith- ology, Distribution and Correlation of the Alachua Formation of Florida” and “Lithology, Distribution and Correlation of the Bone Valley Formation of Florida,” were submitted to the Committee on the Nomenclature and Correlation of North American Continential Ter- tiary. Three papers by Dr. White were published during the year. They were: “A Method of Calculating the Dietary Percentage of Various Food Animals Utilized by Aboriginal Peoples,” American Antiquity, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 896-98; “Collecting Osteological Mate- rial,” Plains Archeological Conference News Letter, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 3-7; and “Studying Osteological Material,” ibid., pp. 8-15.
Alabama-—An archeological reconnaissance of the Demopolis Reservoir basin on the Warrior River made August 5-7, 1952, showed that although archeological remains are present in the area they would be little affected by flooding in the bottomlands. No excava- tions were recommended for the project.
Georgia.—During the period from March 9 to June 6, 1953, surveys and excavations were carried on along the Flint River, in southern Georgia, in a portion of the area that will be flooded by the Jim Wood- ruff Dam situated in the Apalachicola River, just below the junction of the Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers, in northern Florida. Carl F’. Miller completely excavated 2 sites, partially excavated 2 others, and located 25 sites not previously listed by the University of Georgia when it made the preliminary survey there. One of the excavated sites, Montgomery Fields (9Dr10), was basically Weeden Island in its relationships but contained a number of traits not previously reported for that culture. The floor pattern of a fairly large rectangular struc- ture that had been formed by individual posts, each set in its own hole, was uncovered, and outlines of a number of small circular structures suggesting the same type of construction were found. The large feature probably was a dwelling, while the smaller ones were either
SECRETARY’S REPORT 69
sweat houses or menstrual huts. There were some 30 midden or roast- ing pits associated with the house remains. One dog burial was found but no human remains. Underlying the Weeden Island material was a nonceramic level characterized by stone artifacts in which projectile points were the predominant form. The latter differ from previously known types from preceramic levels in the area and may indicate a separate culture. A slightly different variant of Weeden Island cul- ture was found at the Lusk Springs site (9Dr21), which was thor- oughly tested but not completely excavated.
The second site was on the south bank of the Flint River 214 miles east of Hutchinson’s Ferry Landing. An extensive deposit of shells located there had been recorded as a single site (9Dr29) but actually proved to be two (designated Aand B). Unit A was found to contain a straight Weeden Island II component, while Unit B represented a Weeden Island I component with an underlying deposit of Santa Rosa-Swift Creek materials. About 150 yards east of 9Dr29 early spring floodwaters in the Flint River exposed another small site (9Dr37). The deposits at that location were widely scattered and had very little depth. From various eroded pits and subsequent test dig- cing, however, a series of Deptford, Swift Creek, and Weeden Island I potsherds were recovered, which makes possible the placing of the site in the cultural sequence for the area. During the course of his surveys Mr. Miller joined in the search for the historically significant location of Apalachicola Fort or Cherokeeleechee’s Fort at the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers. That town was established in 1716 by the Apalachicola when, as a result of the Yamasee war, they moved back from the Savannah River in South Carolina to the territory they had formerly occupied in southern Georgia. Their chief at that time was named Cherokeeleechee or “Cherokee Killer,” and his town fre- quently goes by the same designation. Not many years later the group withdrew to a new location farther up the Chattahoochee. Mr. Miller tested one site tentatively identified as that of the fort but did not find evidence to support such a possibility.
During the period that Mr. Miller was working in the Jim Woodruff area Joseph R. Caldwell, archeologist of the National Park Service, was digging at a productive site on the Chattahoochee River known as Fairchild’s Landing. Considerable new material was found there in a series of stratified shell deposits. Several phases of the Weeden Island culture are represented, and at one end of the site were some early historic remains. Caldwell’s data and those of Miller should serve as cross checks and definitely establish all Weeden Island charac- teristics for the area. In the region adjacent to Fairchild’s Landing Mr. Caldwell observed evidence of a possible historic Indian site which may represent one of the several “Fowl Towns” mentioned in various documents. Mr. Caldwell also took part in the search for Apalachi-
70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
cola. Dr. Mark F. Boyd, of the Florida Historical Society, through an agreement between the National Park Service and the Society, made a historic-site survey of the whole reservoir basin, working in conjunction with Miller and Caldwell in a number of instances. Dr. Arthur Kelly, of the University of Georgia, cooperated in all the recent activities, giving Caldwell and Miller the benefit of the knowl- edge he obtained while making a general survey of the Jim Woodruff area in previous years. He also helped Dr. Boyd with his historic- sites investigations.
During June excavations were carried on by Ripley P. Bullen in the small portion of the Jim Woodruff Reservoir lying in Florida, under a cooperative agreement between the National Park Service and the Florida State Museum of the University of Florida. Mr. Bullen and his party dug one site near the dam, finding four superimposed occupation levels separated by sterile zones. The bottom level yielded quantities of lithic materials and definitely represented a preceramic culture. The next higher cultural layer contained sherds from fiber- tempered pottery, fragments from steatite vessels, and numerous stone artifacts. The latter, Mr. Bullen reported, constitute many times the number of previously documented worked-stone specimens from the fiber-tempered period in all Florida. The third occupation level was found to belong to the Deptford cultural horizon. The upper layer contained village remains of the Fort Walton period. Associated with that occupation were four “specialized” pits containing charred ker- nels of corn. The evidence from the site will be extremely important to Florida archeology because it is the first place that a fiber-tempered complex has been found in situ in west Florida and is only the second place where undisturbed Fort Walton village material has been avail- able for extensive study. Investigations at three other sites produced materials that will help in filling the gap between the Deptford and Fort Walton periods at the large site. One of the three indicated a Weeden Island period and another a Kolomoki complex. That is the first time “pure” Kolomoki remains have been found in Florida.
Mississippi.—The Grenada Reservoir area on the Yalobusha River in Mississippi had been surveyed for archeological remains during a previous fiscal year by the University of Mississippi operating under a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service. Upon the com- pletion of that survey 4 of the 51 sites found were recommended for excavation. ‘lo determine whether digging there was more essential than in some other areas, several of the sites were examined during August 25-27, 1952. It was finally decided that the meager funds available for digging might be used to better advantage in districts where less was known about the cultural manifestations, particularly so since there is a considerable number of sites in the Grenada basin that will not be affected and can be investigated at some future date.
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SECRETARY’S REPORT 71
Missouri Basin—The Missouri Basin Project continued to operate throughout fiscal 1953 from the field headquarters at Lincoln, Nebr. Ralph D. Brown served as chief of the project from July 1 to Septem- ber 7, when he died as the result of an accident. On September 22, Robert L. Stephenson, who had been on leave from the River Basin Surveys’ staff, returned to active duty and was assigned to the super- vision of the project, serving as acting chief throughout the remainder of the year. In the interval from September 7 to 22, Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., was in direct charge of the Lincoln office. Activities dur- ing the year were concerned with all four phases of the salvage pro- gram. There were preliminary surveys; excavations; processing of the collections obtained from the digging, analyses and study of the materials, and the preparation of general and technical manuscripts on the results; and the publication and dissemination of scientific and popular reports. Most of the work was in the second and third phases. Much of phase 1 was finished in previous years and phase 4 will not get into full swing until more of phase 3 is completed. At the start of the year there was a permanent staff for the Missouri Basin Project of 20 persons. In addition there were 4 temporary part-time em- ployees assisting in the laboratory. Through July and August and part of September 6 temporary assistant archeologists, 60 temporary student laborers, and 25 local nonstudent laborers were employed in the field. During the summer season 11 of the regular staff were also engaged in fieldwork. As the surveys and excavations were brought to a close the temporary employees were gradually laid off and by the first of November only the permanent staff of 20 and a temporary draftsman-illustrator were on the rolls. In May it became evident that a much more limited budget would be available for 1954 and that a reduction in force would be necessary. Consequently by the close of the day’s work on June 30 the staff had been reduced to 11 persons.
On May 18 and 19 the Interior Missouri Basin Field Committee, consisting of representatives from all the agencies of the Department of the Interior concerned with the over-all Missouri Basin program, held its 61st regular meeting at the River Basin Surveys’ head- quarters on the campus of the University of Nebraska, at the invitation of the Missouri Basin Project and the Laboratory of Anthropology of the University. The first session was devoted to routine business, but during the evening of May 18 the members visited the Surveys’ labo- ratory located in the business section of Lincoln and heard Mr. Stephenson explain in detail the mechanics of the field and laboratory work of the salvage program. A series of exhibits of fossil speci- mens, objects from historic sites, Indian-site artifacts, and methods of pottery reconstruction was used to illustrate portions of Mr. Steph- enson’s talk. The visitors were also shown the entire process of han-
275494536
72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
dling materials from the time they arrive from the field until their analysis and study have been completed and the covering report has been written. Most of the session on May 19 was devoted to a pre- sentation of the work and results of the Inter-Agency Archeological and Paleontological Program. Howard W. Baker, regional director of the National Park Service, Region 2, at Omaha, Nebr., served as chairman. Frederick H. Johnson, secretary of the independent- advisory Committee for the Recovery of Archeological Remains, sketched briefly the general background and importance of the re- covery program and explained the activities and purpose of his com- mittee. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., then discussed the Smithsonian Institution’s part in the program as a whole, both from the standpoint of the Missouri Basin and other areas throughout the country. Dr. Gordon C. Baldwin, archeologist, Region 2, National Park Service, explained the part his organization has played, told what had been accomplished as of that date, and outlined the needs for the future in a 6-year program. Robert L. Stephenson told about the plans for the remainder of the fiscal year in the Missouri Basin and explained the reasons for the proposed projects. Dr. C. Bertrand Schultz, di- rector of the Nebraska State Museum of the University of Nebraska, summarized the work that his institution had been carrying on as a ~ cooperative effort in the paleontological phase of the investigations and stressed the need for such studies in a proper understanding of the Missouri Basin. Dr. John L. Champe, director of the Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, commented on the status of archeology in the Plains area before the salvage program was started and spoke about the current activities from the viewpoint of the cooperating institutions. The historical aspects of the program were presented by Merrill Mattes, regional historian of the Region 2 office, National Park Service. He outlined the historical background for the area, described the current activities and the methods used in mak- ing the studies, and made clear the relationship between that subject and those discussed by the other speakers. As a result of the session the members of the Committee undoubtedly left Lincoln with a much better understanding of the salvage program and its aims.
During the year 10 field parties operated in the Missouri Basin. One of them made a series of extensive tests in 4 archeological sites, while 7 were primarily occupied in conducting full-scale excavations in 19 sites. In connection with that work, however, some reconnais- sance was carried on in the areas where their investigations were underway. One of the parties was concerned mainly with archeo- logical surveys and another with paleontological studies. The exca- vations were in 2 reservoir areas in North Dakota, 2 in South Dakota, and 2in Kansas. The survey party operated in 5 reservoir areas in Kansas, 3 of them being covered for the first time and 2 being revisited
SECRETARY’S REPORT 73
for further checking. The paleontological party worked in 1 reser- voir area in Montana, 1 in North Dakota, and 1 in South Dakota. It also visited another project in North Dakota to examine a specimen reported from the Upper Cretaceous deposits there. During July and August 1952, 3 aerial photographic missions were flown over 12 reservoir areas. In all, 5,000 air miles were flown and 62 objectives were photographed. The latter included excavated archeological sites, sites to be excavated, dams and reservoir construction features, and the general topography of the areas to be covered by the ground surveys. The plane used was the personal property of one of the staff archeologists and the pictures were taken by the staff photog- rapher.
The reservoir basins where reconnaissance work was carried on were: The Kirwin, on the north fork of the Solomon River, where 4 additional archeological sites were located and recorded; the Webster, on the south fork of the Solomon, where 3 were found; Tuttle Creek, on the Big Blue River, with 118; Glen Elder, on the Solomon River, with 17; and Wilson, on the Saline River, with 18. On the basis of the evidence obtained, it is apparent that no additional studies will be needed in the Kirwin and Webster areas. At Tuttle Creek, however, there is important material and 10 of the sites have been recommended for future excavation. Included in the 10 are 4 historic sites which are of special significance with respect to the early exploration and settlement of that section of the West. Of the 17 sites recorded for the Glen Elder, 6 small ones gave evidence of being extremely im- portant because they contain materials thus far not observed in the area and they have been recommended for complete excavation. At the Wilson Reservoir 6 of the 18 sites were found to be significant from the standpoint of their relationship to one of the pre-Columbian cultures which thus far is imperfectly known. Two of the sites are caves, probably containing dry materials, and should yield types of artifacts rarely preserved in open sites. One of the recommended sites may prove to be of considerable importance because materials there are eroding from a terrace bank and appear to belong to one of the early occupations in the Plains area. Parties working in the Fort Randall Reservoir basin in South Dakota located 2 new sites, while those operating in the Oahe basin in the same State found 180. At the Jamestown Reservoir in North Dakota 3 new sites were found. The total of new sites observed and recorded in the Missouri Basin during the fiscal year was 339.
In the Garrison Reservoir basin on the main stem of the Missouri River above Bismarck, N. Dak., 2 field parties conducted archeological excavations in 8 of the 147 known there. During July and August and part of September one party dug in the remains of Fort Berthold II. The work at that location falls into the historic category, but it
74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
is important because the fort was established in connection with the large Mandan-Hidatsa-Arikara village, called Like-a-Fishhook, which was occupied from about 1845 to 1890. The remains of the Indian village were studied by parties from the North Dakota State Historical Society under a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service, but much information was needed with respect to the fort and the evidence it might contain bearing on the relationships between the Indians and the Whites. Fort Berthold was originally built in 1858 as a trading post and was known as Fort Atkinson. Its name was changed in 1862, and from 1863 to 1867 it served as a military post. Later it became the agency for the three tribes living in the adjacent village. While there is fairly extensive documentary evidence about the military and trading post, there are many gaps in the record and the archeological excavations contributed information which will help to complete the story of the activities there. About 75 percent of the fort, including the stockade line and two bastions, was excavated. Plans call for further work there during fiscal 1954.
In July and August one party excavated the site of a fortified village on the top of a small butte on the north bank of the Missouri about 10 miles above Fort Berthold. The site is known by the name Night-Walker’s Butte in the Bull Pasture because there is an Indian ~ tradition to the effect that a Hidatsa chief by the name of Night- Walker broke away from the main tribe and led his band to the top of a butte where he built a village. Two other sites in the area are also in somewhat similar locations, and which of the three actually was the Night-Walker village is open to question. Nothing found during the excavations throws any light on the problem. The floor areas of 27 earth lodges were uncovered; 29 fire pits, 26 cache pits, 10 roasting pits, and 2 sweat lodges were dug; and approximately three-fourths of the stockade which encircled the edge of the butte was traced. Ma- terials found there suggest that the village was built about or shortly before 1800. The excavations were completed and the detailed tech- nical report on the results was well in progress at the end of the year.
In September the party that worked on the butte investigated the remains of an earth lodge across the river from the village site. It was called Grandmother’s Lodge and was the traditional dwelling place of one of the Mandan or Hidatsa supernatural beings who was believed to be the patroness of gardens and crops. The ceremonial lodge, which was only partially excavated, appears to have been rec- tangular in floor plan and may be older than any other lodge thus far reported for that area. At least one additional lodge and prob- ably several others are present at the site and further work is planned for it during fiscal 1954. That particular location provides an ex- cellent opportunity for comparing evidence obtained through archeo-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 75
logical investigations with the legendary story which is a part of _ the myths of the Indians in that district.
At the Jamestown Reservoir on the James River in eastern North Dakota one field party continued excavations started toward the close of the previous year. By the end of the season in September it had dug in 5 of the 28 known archeological sites which will be flooded by that reservoir. Two of the sites were burial mounds attributable to the Woodland culture, one was a campsite consisting of a series of boulder-lined depressions strung along the crest of a low bluff, one was a burial pit exposed by a power shovel in the borrow area directly west of the dam, and the other comprised the remains of an Indian village. The floors of four circular houses and a small sweat lodge were uncovered at the latter location. The site covers more than 2 acres and only about 10 percent of it was investigated. A few metal objects and the potsherds found there suggest that the village had Mandan afiiliations or at least trade relations with that group and that it was occupied during the first half of the eighteenth century.
In the Oahe Reservoir Basin in South Dakota two parties continued investigations started toward the end of the preceding fiscal year. Excavations were carried on in 4 of the known 318 sites in the basin. At the Black Widow site (89ST3), the location of an extensive earth- lodge village of many scattered houses, about 30 miles upstream from the dam on the west side of the Missouri, evidence of two occupations was found. One period was prior to contact with the whites and the other was during the eighteenth century. During July, August, and September numerous cache pits, a refuse mound, and extensive areas of village surface were dug and four house floors were cleared. Three of the houses belonged to the early period, while the other was of the later occupation. The fourth house was superimposed upon cache pits of the early occupation. All four houses were circular in outline but there were conspicuous architectural differences between the three older examples and the one late form. Materials from the site suggest that the older level had its closest affiliations with the Myers site (39ST10), where the South Dakota Archeological Com- mission did some excavating in 1949, and with one of the three com- ponents in the Cheyenne River site (89ST1), which was partially excavated by a Missouri Basin Project party in the summer of 1951. The later period of occupation appears to be Arikara, although his- toric documentation for the site seemingly is not known. The same party exhumed a single flexed burial which was about to be destroyed by erosion at a multicomponent site (89ST23) not far from the Black Widow site. Part of the skeleton was missing and there were no mortuary offerings accompanying it.
The second excavating party concentrated its efforts in the imme- diate vicinity of the dam. It completed excavations started at the
76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
Indian Creek site (39ST15) the previous year, made a series of tests at the Mathison site (89ST16), and did extensive digging at the Buffalo Pasture site (89ST6). At the Indian Creek site, which lies on the line of the proposed discharge channel for the Oahe Reser- voir, two house floors were cleared. One, probably a ceremonial struc- ture, was 50 feet in diameter. It contained a raised earthen platform or altar, covered with mud plaster, along the wall opposite the entry- way. Beside the altar was a buffalo-skull shrine. Only about 1 per- cent of that site was excavated, but since it was evident that there would be some delay in the construction of the discharge channel, further efforts were deferred until a later field season. The Mathi- son site, also on the line of the discharge channel, is stratified and the tests showed it contains data on several different Indian periods. In addition it probably was the location of Fort Galpin, one of the fron- tier posts. Most of the activity during July, August, and early Sep- tember was at the Buffalo Pasture site 1 mile upstream from the right wing of the dam on the west bank of the river. A large fortified, earth-lodge village had been located there. Four earth lodges, the cross section of the defensive ditch or moat, and over 210 linear feet of the palisade wall inside the moat were excavated. One of the lodges proved to be a ceremonial house and contained an excellent example — of an altar with bison-skull offerings. Although only about 8 percent of the site was excavated there was an unusually large yield of arti- facts. Included in the materials are over 100 restorable pottery ves- sels, which is a rare find so far as the Plains area is concerned. The material and information from Buffalo Pasture rounds out and helps to clarify that obtained from two sites, Dodd (39ST30) and Phillips Ranch (398T14), between it and the dam which were dug during previous seasons.
While the River Basin Surveys parties were working in the Oahe area in the summer of 1952 the South Dakota Archeological Commis- sion and the W. H. Over Museum of the University of South Dakota carried on excavations at the Thomas Riggs site (89HU1) under a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service. On two pre- vious occasions the W. H. Over Museum had worked there but had not completed its investigations. During the 1952 season its party, under the leadership of Dr. Wesley R. Hurt, Jr., excavated the remains of five houses and dug a long trench through the village area. Evidence found there indicates that the village was occupied at about A. D. 1500 and that it probably did not have more than 200 inhabitants at any one time. Just what the relationship between it and later Ari- kara or Mandan communities may have been is still to be determined.
The two parties, one for Indian and one for historical sites, working in the Fort Randall Reservoir basin continued the operations started toward the end of the preceding year. During the field season excava-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 77
tions were carried on in 6 of the 53 known sites which will be inun- dated. At the start of the year the Indian-site party was centering its activities in village remains where considerable digging had been done the previous field season. At that location, the Oldham site (89CH7), there was evidence for three periods of occupation. The latest was an earth-lodge village with palisade and moat where most of the digging was done during the 1951 season, the middle period was an earth-lodge village with a palisade but no moat, and the earliest was an occupation level underlying both of the others. At the start of the 1952 field season, in May, activities were centered on the portion of the site representing the middle period. Beginning with the new fiscal year attention was turned to the area where there was some over- lap between the remains of the last two periods. During the course of the digging 2 earth lodges, 3 drying racks, 2 infant burials, 270 feet of stockade, including 1 bastion, 76 pits, most of which were cache pits, and numerous fire pits were uncovered. Tubular copper beads were found in one of the infant burials. The specimen yield from the site was great and study of the material shows that when the results are completely tabulated there will be much new information about the material culture of the people who inhabited that area. The mid- dle period apparently correlates with what is known as the Great Oasis Aspect in Minnesota. Although less than half of the site was ex- cavated, sufficient data were obtained to warrant stopping the work in August and moving the laborers to a new location. The latter, the Hitchell site (89CH45), consisted of the remains of a semipermanent village characterized by circular, hutlike, pole-framed structures which probably were covered with skins or brush. The site was stratified and preliminary analysis of the materials from it indicates that it was related to the latest and the earliest periods at the Oldham site. While work was underway at the Hitchell site some of the laborers, under the supervision of a field assistant, dug 1,698 feet of test trenches at the Pease Creek site (39CH5) several miles down- stream. ‘The evidence revealed by the trenches shows that there were two occupations. ‘The latest was by a group using the location mainly as a camping area, while the earlier presumably had a more permanent type of settlement. Pottery found there suggests Upper Republican and Nebraska cultural influences. The artifact complex as a whole is unique in the Fort Randall area. During the summer season addi- tional testing was carried on at a campsite (89CH51) where some digging had been done during a previous year. Those investigations completed the studies at that location. The activities of the Fort Randall Indian party were brought to a close in late September. During July the historic-site party completed the excavation of the Fort Whetstone site (89GR4) on the west bank of the Missouri River near the mouth of Whetstone Creek. The palisade was traced
78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953
and the outlines of the buildings that stood inside the fortification were followed. Exact dimensions of the fort and buildings were obtained, as were some of the constructional features of the interior of the build- ings. All wooden structures had been burned, and evidence indicates that the post was destroyed shortly after abandonment in 1872. About 90 percent of the site was excavated and no additional work will be required there. A number of discrepancies found between the various features revealed by the digging and a plan of the fort drawn in 1871 raised a number of puzzling historical problems. About 500 yards northwest of the fort the remains of a “Missouri Dugout” were found and excavated. At the end of July the party moved to the Fort Randall site (39GR15) on the west bank of the Missouri River half a mile southeast of the Fort Randall military post. Work there showed that the remains were those of a brick kiln, which probably belonged to the period of Fort RandallI. The remains of the kiln and features associated with it were completely excavated and the party left the Fort Randall Reservoir area at the end of August, proceeding to the Kirwin Reservoir in Kansas.
During the 1952 field season work was also carried on in the Fort Randall area by the Nebraska State Historical Society and the Uni- versity of Kansas under cooperative agreements with the National Park Service. The Historical Society party under the direction of Marvin F. Kivett continued excavations in two sites (39L.M26 and 39L.M27) located along the highway a short distance east of Oacoma and about 2 miles west of Chamberlain, S. Dak. Some digging was also done at a site (89L.M81) 1014 miles upriver from Chamberlain. The work at the first two locations, which was completed, showed evidence of a historic Siouan occupation underlain by an earth-lodge village belonging to what has been called the Fort Thompson focus. The third site was found to have three components, histeric Siouan, a level producing a simple-stamped type of pottery which has not yet been culturally correlated, and an earlier Woodland occupation. The University of Kansas party under Dr. Carlyle S. Smith spent a third season at the Talking Crow site (839BF3) about 314 miles below Fort Thompson, S$. Dak. During the three seasons at the site 9 houses were completely excavated, 4 were partially excavated, and 14 were tested to obtain their dimensions and samples of materials from them. Stratigraphic tests were made in three refuse mounds, trenches were dug across the surrounding fortification on four sides of the site, two long trenches were cut through areas between the houses, and numer- ous other test pits and trenches were dug. From the data obtained it appears that the site had four components. The latest was Siouan dating from shortly after the Civil War. Prior to that was the last occupation by earth-lodge-building people, probably the Atrikara, during the period when European trade goods were beginning to
SECRETARY’S REPORT 79
| appear in the area. Preceding that was an occupation which just ‘antedated the introduction of trade goods. The earliest occupation 'was definitely prehistoric in age and its cultural affinities seem to ‘have been widespread. ‘The latest component appears to correlate with one phase of Kivett’s Oacoma sites and with the Indian Creek ‘site in the Oahe area. The one just preceding seems to equate with an older phase at Kivett’s sites and with the latest component at the Oldham site. The next to the oldest component correlates with the older level at the Black Widow site in the Oahe area, but there is still some question as to the relationship of the first occupation at Talking Crow.
In the Kirwin Reservoir basin in Kansas the historic-sites party, which had moved from the Fort Randall area, spent the period from September 2 to 20 excavating the remains of Camp Kirwan, an old frontier post located on the right bank of the Solomon River in Phil- lips County. The site (14PH6) was completely excavated and the palisade line was traced as an intrusive trench in the soil.
An archeological party spent 3 weeks in June 1953 testing sites at the Tuttle Creek Reservoir in Kansas. During that period work was carried on at four sites; three of them were in the spillway construction area, and one in the general construction area for the dam. Two of them had been severely damaged by the cut for the spillway, while the others were in immediate danger of destruction by further activities. One of the sites in the spillway line (14P014) was an earth and stone mound approximately 26 feet in diameter with a maximum height of 11% feet. The mound contained a burial pit with skeletal remains oc- curring at two levels. The original interment of at least three bodies apparently had been dug into to make room for subsequent burial of three, possibly four, more bodies. In both levels there was one articu- lated skeleton in a semiflexed position. Stone implements, copper beads, and fragmentary bits of copper sheeting were found with the bones. At some distance from the pit the remains of an extended burial without a skull were found. It had no accompanying mortu- ary offering. Indications were that the skull had been removed by some earlier digger and also that the interment was a later intrusion in the mound. In general appearance the mound suggested relationship to others