DICTIONARY

OF THE

CHINESE LANGUAGE,

IN THREE PARTS.

PART THE FIRST J CONTAINING

CHINESE AND ENGLISH ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE KEYS ;

FART THE SECOND,

CHINESE AND ENGLISH ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY,

AND PART THE THIRD, CONSISTING OF

ENGLISH AND CHINESE.

BY R. MORRISON, D.D.

PART II - -VOL. I.

MACAO, CHINA.

PRINTED AT THE HONORABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S PRESS, B Y P. P. T a 0 M S.

1819.

(

Jl

^.MTk

TO

THE HONORABLE

THE

COURT OF DIRECTORS

OF' THE

UNITED EAST INDIA COMPANY,

BY WHOSE MUNIFICENT PATRONAGE

THIS WORK

HAS BEEN CARRIED THROUGH THE PRESS,

IT IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY

THE AUTHOR.

3 fl OT 33 fl I C

v - M »2

t 1 A Oil

.fTOHTUA 3HT

PREFACE.

IN the Introduction to the First Part of this Dictionary, a general Yiew was exhibited of' the Origin, Nature, and History of the Chinese Language j any part of which it is unnecessary here to repeat.

The Chinese Work, Woo-chay - jun-foo^. jft n|j ffi °» which the following Part of the Dictionary is founded, was compiled by Chin 5een-sSng Bjft -4p /fc who is said to have spent his life in making the collection of words contained in it ; and to have died before its publication. He committed his Manuscript to the care of his pupil Han-yih-hoo 'tJl' ~~* lM w^° trave"e(' over tne whole empire in order to verify it, and add to it.

Some of Chin Seen-sang's pupils rose to eminent situations in the state ; and when the Emperor Kang-he projected the formation of his Dictionary, one of them, Pwan-ying-pin 5gJL Jjj£ 2C* mentioned lo that great Monarch the work of his Master. After much search.it was at last found yet unpublished in the hands of Hanylh-hoo. Considerable use icems to have been made of it in the compilation of ffanghe't Dictionary, for the definition is often verbatim in both.

Pwan-ying-pin, mentior.ed above, encouraged the publication of the Work, and wrote a Preface to it. He there gife» it as his opinion, that there are in Chinese, including synonimous words, and different forms of the same Character in the plain hand, Fifty Thousand Characters; and taking in every variety of accentuation, that there are from Four to Five Thou- sand enunciated words; and if sounds, for which no Characters exist, be included-, he thinks there are Five Thousand Words.

In the original, the arrangement is according to the Sounds and the Tones; but the Characters pronounced alike, and which diner only in Accent, are placed in different volumes, and divided with so much minuteness as to puzzle all the Natives whom I ever saw attempt to consult it. In the year 1812, I took it to pieces, and arranged it under the Syllables as they now stand. It contained about 40,000 Characters, which I at last thought proper to abridge to the number which is contained in this Part of the Dictionary. In the progress of the Work, I hate collated it with Kanghe's Dictionary, which is commonly

TART It.

VI.

much fuller. »d with a null CbiMie Dicliontry, called Fun-yun ^ ^ a, «dl « with the Alphabetic Diction.ry of the Human Catholic Missionaries.

The Pei-win-yun-foo ftj( ^ ^ jff Dictionary, if atranged in the same manner as lh« Woo-chay-yun-foo, and is equally con.plic.tcd «nd difficult to be consulted. I posses>ed Ihii hook from the commencement of my Chinese studies, but neTer found it useful. There are ISl volumes in nil, full of bare quotations, and parts of sentences which are often obscure in themselves, and are generally unaccompanied by any illustration. It was compiled by order of the Emperor KamfHe, in the forty-third year of his reign. Seven years were required to complete it; .and seventy-six Literati where engaged in collecting and arranging the materials. In A. D. 1 71 1 , it was published.

The .l"rh-ya SI jJtt it an ancient Dictionary, rather of things than of words, and. is BOW. usually printed in three quarto volumes, with wood cuts ; when ils definitions are useful, they are generally quoted in KmgMt Dictionary.

When a Person studying Chinese, sees a Character which is .new to him, he is unable to find it in a Dictionary by its Pronunciation, for that is not asccrlainable from the character itself; he mutt therefore seek for it under its Badictl or Key, hence the necessity of the First Part of thi< Dictionary: but when a Student hears a new word pronounced, or recollects the sound of a Chancier which he wishes to use in composing, and the formation of which lie either never knew, or h.is forgotten, its arrangement under the Keys will not enable him .to .find the Character required ; then it is, that the Alphabetic Arrangement becomes necessary.

It having been determined to be more concise in this Second Part of the Dirlkinnry th.ui in the First; it was thought practicable to finish it iu one year; and the desire to have A Complete Part for the use of Subscribers, induced the Author to interrupt the Printing of the Pint Part in order tu.Prioi thi«, which is uow laid before the Public.

A person who would learn Chinese, must at< first .employ Books «r Papers which contain the correctly .farmed Cha- racter; a knowledge of abbreviated forms must be acquired in. the nine way as a knowledge of the running hand in any .Alphabetic Language, where the scope and connexion assist the Reader in determining for what the imperfectly formed letter is intended. To insert iu a Dictionary all the mist-»iiellin*i, abbreviations, and distortions, which ignorance, or caprice, or local usage .adopts, would be an absurd and endless task : there are, however, some abbreviations very gene- rally used, and those, it has been thought right, in many instuiccs to insert below the more correctly formed character, connecting them bj a brace.

•As it is a principle in most Languages, that from a ihort word of a specific meaning, rariouc other words, increased by the addition of letters, or syllables shall ari.-f, us plants grow up ai.d brar.ch oQ' from a root, something similar exists iu lie Chinese Language, and which, as the Student will find, Las been attended to in the arrangement of HIM Part of {he

Til.

Dictionary. The following were laid down at rulci by the Author to himnelf, in the arrangement of the Character*, but those rules 'hare not been invariably adhered to.

I. That the elementary wordi or Primitive!, under each Syllable, should follow each other according to the numbei

of strokes in each. \

II. That the Primitives should be joined with their compounds, according to the order of the Chinete Keys. And,

III. That after regularly formed Characters had been given under each Syllable, the Anomalous, or Miscellaneous Characters should be inserted.

The Chinese Accents or Tones, of the more usual Chiraclers are marked, according to the mode which is given in the Author's Grammar tfthe Chinete Language, to which the Reader is referred. As the Tones are not an original part of the Chinese Language, but like the Hebrew Points, a subsequent addition ; and though useful, not essential, be would recom- mend the Student to defer attention to them, till he has acquired a stock of words and idioms, and then, if acquired at all, it must be by the ear from a living teacher. Without a good Chinese Assistant, a correct pronunciation is nut attainable. nor is at all of importance to reading and understanding Chinese books. The nicer modulations of the living voice <anuot be taught by letters. Accents and other Mvks may recall to a Native the right tone, but will not enable a Foreigner to acquire it. No Frenchman caa I .raru to [no mun.-.e English well by book. Marks fur this purpose arc almost useless, and it they be made the foundation of the Classification (if words, they become most embarrassing, even to Natives, as it every day exemplified in thiu«, in the use of ihe Dictionaries arranged according to the Tones* for the Accents and quantity, are often v«r.v disputable subjects on which Scholars and Dictionaries differ materially.

It will be found from the following Work, that -there is a great variety of Pronunciation, in parts more perceptible than the Accents ; and wliich in various instances will embarrass a beginner, and for which there is no remedy, but more know- ledge and experience of the sul-jrcl.

The Student must not expect from lliis Work, the precise words -to be employed in translation, but so much of the meaning of a word, as will furnish him with a clue to select a proper phrase. Nor must the Poetical meaning of words be expected to be given with precision; nor the whole of (he figurative meaning; nor the Clatsical allusiani,onM occa- sions. These require more associated cfl'urt: more diversity of talent, and of pursuit, than have yet been applied by Europeans to the Chinese Lai.guage ; and much more than is likely to be soon applied ; not because Chinese is less worthy the attention of European Literati than many other subjects to which they do attend, but because application to it is not dktated by fashion, — nor by interest, — nor by. national intercourse.

To undertake a dtfenc* of every lenient* k> the Dictionary, and to answer every objection which has been, or

VIII.

anticipate those which may be brought against it, would be an unprofitable occupation. That it has fault*, and

contain* errors, the Author will feel no reluctance in acknowledging! at the same lime he mutt affirm, that he a not convinced of am that are material.

Some Persons hare thought the Dictionary too diffuse; and others h»ve been gratified by the occasional notices of Chinese opinion* and uage*, which are introduced.

The Author's object has been, and the intention of the Dictionary oug-ht to be, to communicate the Language to F.uraffi-iti Now the question i», can this be done by a bare definition of tingle words and of detached sentences ? If it ran, the Dictionary if too diffuse; but if it cannot, the Dictionary is probably not sufficiently copious. The fitness of the Dictionary to effect its object, depends entirely on the determination of the question proposed. The Author is of opinion, that European', and most of all of those out of China, and who bate no Native Assistant, cannot learn Chinese from a Die- tionary, which contains only a definition of single word-, and of detached sentences. Still with such a collection of Book* and Papers, respecting Chinese, as is contained in some European Libraries, and with a great sacrifice of time, it is probable that considerable progress may be made in the Language; but these are helps which few- can command ; and what may be practicable in that case, becomes impossible to those who are differently circumstanced.

From this view of the question, the Author is still convinced, that with exception of a few paragraphs, as much of the Dictionary as has been Published, is rather too concise than too diffuse. To compare it witli a Dictionary of a Lan- guage, intended for the inhabitants of a country, with whom that Language is vernacular, and to whom all the allusions contained iu the language are more or less familiar — will lead to an erroneous conclusion. And, since Grecian and Roman dory are familiar to the inhabitants of Europe, to compare it with Greek, and Latin Dictionaries, will also mislead the judgment. The Chinese are an original people. Their modes of thinking and reasoning are original ; and are often widely dif- ferent from those of Europeans, which difference is sometimes amusingly apparent in the disquisitions of European Writers, who try to trace the motives of Chinese conduct in various cases. Some Writers attribute a train of thinking and judging to the Chinese, which a very slight acquaintance with the m/nrfof China would convince them never existed. And an ig- norance of the usages and MM of China, will always subject a foreigner to a misapprehension of their language, in any thing that is a little more recondite than, hand a chair ; — or, bring a plate.

When the Author expresses his opinion here, and elsewhere of the great difficulty of learning Chinese in Europe, he doet it with regret, not with triumph, and to find that he is mistaken will lie a source of pUature, not of mor-

It has been suggested that the Orthography of the Dictionary should have been that of the Manuscripts and Books already found in Europe. Had there existed any uniform Orthography in the world, it would have been adopted before the suggestion

IX.

was made. But the Portuguese, the French, and the Germans, had all previously uned an Orthography suited to their retpre- tive languages, and different from each other. In fact this variety in writing the names of Persons, Places, and foreign Words, ii a material defect in Alphabetic writing; which defect has introduced much confusion into History, Geography, and Foreign Languages. As no uniform system of writing Chinese words with the Roman A I pin bet existed, the Author could not Me any propriety in his giving the English reader Xi, for the sound She; Gael, for We : ; Pirn, for Ping, fii, for Ttze, &c., merely because the first European Writers on the Chinese Language hid spelled the sounds in that manner. Tl e French had already altered much of the Orthography ; they had turned Xi into Chi, for the sound which in English is expressed by Shrt but that tended to mislead the English reader (for whimi the Work was particularly intended) just as much as the first spelling, and therefore it was judged proper lo adopt an entirely new Orthography. There are, however, some single sounds, which at first sight an English Scholar would spell differently from the Orthography of this Dictionary, hut when he has gone through all the sounds, he will probably find that the one he has adopted, is wanted in another part of the tyilem, with a different sound from that in which he has already used it , for example Kae and Keae, where At, has the sound of igh, in the word high. It occurs to many to write this sound with Ay ; but ay, is required in Chinese Syllables pronounced as in the words, Day, May, &c., Trhich confounds the Chinese sound High, here spelled Hue, with the English Hay. If it be said, why not make it Hi, 1 would ask the objector to write He-ae f Portuguese Hiai,) which he must then make JKi. I further request him to write the sound Wei, or the Portuguese Gael; for which Ei alone will answer, but Ei in the preceding instance, and in this, must be pronounced very differently.

So with respect to the Syllables Teen, Heen,&c. Some would write Tien,Hien, but iff has been adopted, as is employed above in Hi, Hien will by no means give the sound wanted ; in the one case, Hi sounds like High, and in the other, like He. A similar confusion in other cases could be easily exemplified, were it here necessary.

Without assuming that the Orthography adopted is the best possible ; it is affirmed that to enable a person to judge, it is requisite that he first spell art the Chinese words; for to judge of single words only will mislead and subject him to the absurdity of giving the same spelling (or different soundt.

la extenuation of the stiffness and occasional harshness of the style in this Work, it may be said, that as long as the tense of the English sentence is apparent, a literal and idiomatic translation of Chinese Sentences is much better for a Student, than a free and vague translation, which contains generally the idea of the original, but nothing of the manner. A man who wants to learn the language of Confucius, had better hear him with a little of his Chinese idiom (call it broken English if you will) than listen to him speaking the most Classical English stjle. Although a free translation is always more easy than a close translation, the Author prefers the latter, because he thinks it mere calculated to answer the end proposed : but to unite a close rendering and perspicuity, is sometimes impracticable,— in such cases more freedom must be used.

PART II. C

X.

Apologies for real faults are seldom well received, because they are very often tlie unfounded pretexts of ignorance or carelessness: however the) are sometimes well founded, and should bo listened to liy candid interpreters of men's characters and works. The Chines;: Letters, in this part of tho Dictionary, are confessedly dehcic-ut in elegance of form. The large cues in the first Part of the Dictionary, are in general, beautifully written: but those in thin volume, though correct, are sometime* rather clumsy. The difference was occasioned by an Act of the Chinese Government; — it said, '• You may learn our language if you can, but we will afford you no facilities ; our suljects shall not cut letters for you." In consequence of this decision, it became necessary for an English Printer to write the Characters, and to employ I'ot tuguese subjects locutlheui. And fur some lime, neither the Writer, 1'iinler, nor Type Cullers, had any native assistance. The experiment proved to all parties, that such assistance was not now indispensably necessary.

A* to the uli'ity or importance of the Chinese Language, it does not well become the Writer to spenk much in its fa- »onr. It has been said, that " It must be left to Merchants and to Missionaries to t<'il their way through the wilderness of the Chinese Language to the deserts of Chinese Liter.. turf."* This is the language of narrow prejudice, i«nor..nt of Ihe su! ject of which it speaks, and will not weigh much with those who can view the human species with more liberal sentiments than such as are dictated by merely national or European feelings. Without insisting on the fact, that there are beautiful pieces of Poetry; interesting aid instructive portions of History and Biography; and important Moral Maxims, in Chinese, as well as in other Languages; that it is a language amongst the most ancient and Ihe most extensively known on earth; that it

is the living language of live nitions, which together, consitute one Ihird of mankind. Not to insist on these circum.

stances, I would now recommend another view of the subject :

It is not the sole question which the virtuous member of a f.imily puts to himself. Will this benefit me t He

also asks in reference to any course of action. Will this do good to. my family I The true Pat iot goes beyond his family

occa.. onally, and docs whal he Ihinks for the benefit of hU country, though not lo the interest of his own family; and the truly

good man, sometimes does that which is an inconvenience to himself, or which does not beaelit his family or his country iiu-

mediately, but which is calculated eventually to benefit mankind. Whilst Christendom lus furnished many individuals who

have cherished a real and practical general benevolence, it has seldom or never entered into the views of learned bodies, or

national councils to act occasionally solely for the benefit of others. Scholars otte;i ask, what they are to get by learning

Chinese; but supposing there be nothing to learn, have European Scholars nothing to teach? — has it never occuned to

them as Individuals or as Societies, to karn Asiatic languages for the purpose of writing Looks of Sciei.ee. and of general Litcr-

ilurc in those language-. ? If they, whose uiii ds l.ave been illumined with the shearing beunii of science, will not sometimes

learn foreign languages ft,r th<- purpose of communicating it, how is it to be expected tout those who yet grope iu darkless,

should be at Ihe Iroi.ble to learn a foreign language for the sal%eof th..t knowledge of which they cannot perceive Ihe vaiue.

11 men continue lo act on th s principle, the pi ogress of science must indeed lie slow.

"~~

* ElecLc ilcview.

England, Holland, Vorlugal, and America, liuve at present, most intercourse with China; and tlieir pecuniary interetlt

' are most concerned. The Dutch Government indeed rules over an extensive colony of Chinese, 011 J..TH. Is it exp'.-ct'.ng

loo much of these several Governments to devote a few hundred pounds annually to the cultivation of the Language of the people with whom they have extensive dealings ?- Is it too much to ask them to feiTe some existence in their Public ?chooli to a Lingiiage which contains many Thousand Volumes of Original Literature? Will the Colleges and Universities them- selves not allow of any appropriation of their funds, nor any encouragement to their leisure members to attend to this subject?*

Till a few individuals of correct sentiments and feelings, whose sole profession is Literature and Science, be sup- ported by their respective Governments, or learned Societies, to study and te.ich the Chinese Language, its Character cannot be fairly estimated, nor can European Science be transfused into it. The mind of man is but limited. Mcrchanti and Missionaries have other objects to attend to besides Language, Literature, and Science. They are not therefore to be hastily blamed because they do not perform all that is desirable.

The sentiments of Chinese Sa^es and Moralists are quite in favour of peaceable endeavours to communicate the knowledge one man possesses to another ; nor can they, according to their own principles ever blame it. They have indeed sometimes acted on the principle both in ancient and modern times. Confucius travelled tt> instruct and civilize others; and the reigning Dynasty sent an envoy to Loo-choo, to advise that District Schools should be established on those islands, and that the King should reward, by his favour and countenance, the diligent students. St.ndard Chinese Writers blame the selfishness, which under various plausible pretexts would hide the light of truth, or forbid its being exhibited to the views of mankind ; and their Moralists enjoin the virtuous to print and distribute widely good books. It is true, that their benevolent doctrines are but rarely seen in their practice; but it is not to justify what they do, that their sentiments are here introduced, but to shew that they also inculcate the opinion, that we should not always act merely from a regard to ourselves.

This doctrine is perhaps universally acknowledged in respect of individu-ils, and as it is equally true of largo communities and of nations ; the more it is adopted ai d acted on by these, just, in the same proportion will Peace and Order prevail throughout the world, and ultimate happiness, t e wish of every heart, be geuerally diffused.

* The soil of Oiirntal Literature in Holland, as elsewhere, is barren. Litin and Greek Literature receive more en-

.couragcment here. 1 should be mure reconciled to it, it some $ mall part of this patronage were to overflow upon the

orientalists. H. A. Schullens, to Sir IV. Jvnei.

XH.

It K incumbent on the Author to return tincere thanks to THE TToyomim.e THE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE fxiTED EAST INDIA Co>rA*v, for their generosity in defraying the expense of this Work ( and also to return his best acknowledgement* to the Select Committee, and fereral other Gentlemen, belonging to the English Factory in China, whose good office* have not been wanting to second the liberality of the Honorable Court, in regard to the progress of the Dictionary.

To His Majesty's Ministers, who act as Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, the Author is indebted for the rem'uiion of all Import Charges on the Dictionary, and his other Publications on the Chinese Language; and he feel* it his duty to express here, the grateful sense he entertains of their condescension and kindness in thus encouraging the efforts of an individual to promote the study of a hitherto neglected part of Philology.

lf*c*o, CiriHj, *• M-

Oct. 8, 1819.

X.111.

RULES

TOR CONSULTING THE DICTIONARY.

1st. To those Student* who hear a Native speak Ihe Mandarin Tongue, and to those who have those founds upon i memorv, tlu: reference is at once to the body of the Dictionary in the same manner as in any Alphabetic Dictionary. Sd. When Persons who speak the men- Northen Diahrts are heard, No. I, will help lo remove difficulties which arise from variety of Pronunciation. 3d. When a Student hears Persons who speak only the Canton Dialect, assistance will be derived from No. III. And 4th, When a Student consults Manuscript Dictionaries, No. IV, will refer him to the ?)llible which corresponds in this Dictionary.

5th. When a Person who knows not the sound of a character, nor has any living Teacher, desires lo find a Character

• •••••«««• ...

which he sees in a Chinese book, he must refer to No. XI, where the Characters are arranged according lo the number of the strikes of the pentil, exclusive of the Radical : thus /^"Wflis -found under the Radical A or'^ Jin, and fnestrokes. 4^ Chung, under ;Q\ Sin, and four strokes, &c. "When the Character sought is found by this mean*, the Syllable oppotite it, will direct to that part of the body of the Work, where its definition -will be found.

6th. When a difficulty occurs in ascertaining the proper Radical, assistance will be found from \o. XII, in which case all the lines in thp Character must be counted, aud when found, the Radical will be seen at the lower part of the column.

7th. To a Person composing in Chinese, No. XIII, by referring from the numbers to the body of the work, will assist the memory,' or suggest' new terms. It must not be expected from it that rt will enable a Persdn wholly ignorant of the language to choose proper terms to express his ideas. See Contents.

fcf- The Reader will find more on this subject at the commencement of the Second Volume.

ANOMALIES IN THE ORTHOGRAPHY.

It will Itssen the difficulty of finding iron/*, to remember thet

1. Ching and Tsing, Cho and Tso, arc sometimes confounded with each other.

2. G, is hard in Gih,

3. Gan and An, Gaou and Aou, are used for each other.

4. K, in the Peking Dialect, before e aud i,. is pronounced as Cu and Ts ; thus King,, is turned into Ching; and Ktanj,

becomes Tseang.

5. H before e and i, is by some pronounced as Sh and as t ; thus He, becomes She, and UeS, is changed to SeJ.

6. Man and Mwan; Pan and" Pwah, are confounded.

7. Tsoo and Choo ; We and Wei ; Me and Mei * are also confounded.

a. The provincial Pronunciation, as given in this Dictionary, is that of the City of Canton, which is often different fiora

that of Macao, and other districts in the Province; and, 9. Although the Pronunciation of each class of Characters be generally the same, there are exceptioni ,- and it ha> not

been attempted to give the pronunciation of each Character by itself.

MARKS.

[ - ] Ping-shing. [ > ] Shang-shing. [ ' ] Keu-shing.

[c] This added to the preceding, denotes that they are aspirated, or are pronounced with a forcible

breathing, supposed to resemble the Spiritus Asper of the Greeks. TART ii. e

XIV.

CONTENTS.

J. Oa the Anomalies in the Orthography. ..;...••••••

II. Marks u»ed in the Dictionary ibid.

HI. Orthography of the Canton Dialect XT.

IV. The Orthography of theold Manuscript Dictionaries with the corresponding Orthography in this Work. . x?ii.

Y. A Table of all the Syllables in one page. *'*•

VL The Syllabic Dictionary 1

VII. A list of stars 106&

Till. Addenda and Corrigenda. 1084

VOLUME IL

IX. Content!. ...... I MM iii.

X. A Table of the Radicals. T.

XI. Index of Characters under the Radicals 73

XII. A Table of Keen-bze Characters for shewing the Radical of complicated Characters. .... 129

XIII. Index of English Words, referring by numbers to corresponding word* in Chinese contained in the

Syllabic Dictionary. . . . . . . . .130

XIV. Tung-win jfSj ^ or a collection of the Running Hand and Seal Characters, arranged Alphabetically, as in the

body of the work.

• Those who choose to do so, may bind these two volumes in one; but the liability of Chinese paper to tear easily, it an objection to a thick volume.

XT.

A TABLE

ASSIST TO FIND WORDS IN THIS DICTIONARY BY THE CANTON DIALECT.

TfB FltST irOHD IN BACH COLOUN IS THE CANTON D1AI.RCT, THB WORD OPPOSITS TO IT, THB SHILLING OSBD IN TBI3 DICTlOKABi; AND WHICH COR&BSPOftDS GENERALLY TO THB OPPOSITB. IfOKO.

A		E		Heep	Heih	Jug, Ung . . . .	Woo
				Tlak	KTh
A, (broad) see	Ya	E, Ne, Ng, see	E	Hoo.Foo*....	Foo	K
An	Gaa	E«n ....	Yea	Han see	Han
		F		Hoan ....	Han	Ka se*	Kern
C				Heen ....	Heen	Kae, Koe . . . .	Keae
Chi see	Ch*	Fa gee Fae	Hwa Kwae	Hing\ Ying} •-	King	Kak, Hak.... Keem ....	Kid Keen
	/Chae	Fan	Fan	Haong ....	Heang	Kan, Han....	Kan
Chae Chak	\Tsae Tsih	Fat Fe.Fei ....	Fa Fe, Fei	Haw 1 How«J •	How	Kaou .... Keep, Keet . .	Keaou
Chan	Chan	Fo,*Wo ....	Ho	Hei,» He	He	Kap	Kein
Chan	Chin	Fok	FS	Hcem ....	Keen	Kow	Kew
Chat	Cha	Fong	Fang	Hei	He	Ke	Ke
Chay Chow	Chay Chow	Fow Fow	Fow Pow	Heep Heut	Hee' Heue	Keet Keong ....	Keang
Che Chan .... Cheok Cheok ....	Che Chen ChS Ch5	Fun Fung -I Hung*/ '	fFim LHcun Fung	Hew Ying»/ •••• Ho, Fo ....	Heaou King /Ho, \Ko	Kuv Keut King Koan	Keu Keu< King Kan
Cheok	sha.	G		Hoak	He5	Kok	K8
Choang	("Chang			Hoe	Kae	K (it'll ....	Kwan
Chew Chak \ Chek* / ' Chin \ Chan*/ '	Chaou Ch« Chin	Ga see Gak Gang Gong Go	W«, Ya Gib Gang Gang Go	Hoan, Koan . . Hong Hoe. Foo How	/Kan, \Han Hang Poo . Haou .	Kin .... Kung .... Kuy,.Huy.... Kwa ....	Kin /Kung \Keunjj Keu Kwa
Ching Cheok	Ching Cha.TiS	Gow, Ow		Hung ....	(Hung Htung	Kwiu ....	Keun Kwan
Cheng Chcu	Chwang f Chu \Choo	Gung "1	Uug	Buy Heea ....	/Keu, \Heu Keen	Kwan Kwong .... Keut	Keuen Kwang KeuS
				Unit	K.UO
Chun	Chun	II		\\\j\j ...»		Kwae ....	Kwei
Cliune	CillltMl	Ha see	Hea	1		Kwo,Ko ....	Kwo
CXut Cbuy	Chue Chuy	Hae 1 Keae*/ ""	Heae	•1 Jin, Yun see	Jin	Kwok ... Kwong	Kw8 Kwaog

* Macao Dialect.

XVI.

L		Vcnj ....	Mang	I'lln	Pin	Sheen	.... Shen
		Mc.w	MHO	Pan	Pan	Sheet	.... Shg
La tee	11	Moon	Mnn	Pong ....	Pang	Shong	Shwang
LTk	Le:h	Mow	Maou	Ping ....	Ping	Shcut	Shwo
Lam, Lao... .	Lan	Mut	M8	Paou ....	Paou	Shew	Sluou
1-nm	Lin	Muog ....	Mung	Pat	Pi	Shg	.... Shg
Lae, Lap	Li			Pe	PC	Shing	Shing
LS	La			Peen	Peen	Sheu	Soo,
Low	Lew			Peet	Pei<	Shoo	.... Shoo
Leu	Low	Nn, No ....	Na	Pei	Pe	Shun	Slum
Lang ....	Ling	Nae	Nae	Pew	Peaou	Shun	Shin
Lei	Le	Nap	Ni	Peek	PeS	Shtiy	.... Shwfiy
Lien	Leen	Nam ....	Nan	Ping	Ping	Shuy	Shwae
Leet	Le«	Ning ....	Ning	Po	Po	So	.... So
Lei	Le	Naw	New	Pok	P8	So	.... Sok
Look	LeO	Ne	Ne	Poos	Pang	Sok	.... S5
Leung	LeanS	Nei	Nei	o Poon	Pun	Song	.... Sang
Lew ....	Lea ou	Nren	Neon	Poon ....	Pwan	Sheu	.... Shoo
Lik	Leili	N> <-p ....	Nee	Paou ....	Paou	Sow	. .. Saou
Ling	Liog	N''onjj ....	Nea.ig	Pung ....	I'ung	Sum	.... Sin
Lo	Lo	New ....	Neaou			Sun	.... Sin
Loe	Lae	Nik ....	Neg	S		Sune	Swau
Long Loo	Lang Loo	"Ning .... No	Ning No	Sik see	S,-Th	Sung Suy	Sung Shwiiy
Luen	Lwan	Noang •....	Noang	Sam ....	S;in
Lara	ff.in, \Larn	Noe •	me	Ping ....	Sin
Lun	Lun	Nok	N8	Sang ....	Sang		T
Lung	Lung	Noo	Noo	Sap, Sit ....	Si
Luy ....	Luy	Now	Naou	Sow ....	Sew	Tae	see Ta
		Nune	"Nun	Say	Seay	Tap	Tii
M		Nune ....	Nwan	Sei : . . .	Se	Tik	.... Teih
		Nimg ....	Nimg	Se	Szc	Tain	.... Tan
Ma tee	Ma	Nuy	Nuy	Sect	Seg	Tan	.... Tan
Mae	Mae			Seen ....	Seen	T&ng	.... Ting
Man	Mm	O		S™k ....	S<:0	Tit	.... Ti
Win	Win			Scut	S.ue	Tow	Tow
Mang	Mang	0 see	O	Pew	Seaou	Te	.... Te
Ming ....	Ming	Oae	Gae	Scot	Seg	Teen	TeVn
Maou ....	Mow	Oan	Can	Sin:; ....	Sing	Tt-et	.... Tee
M,y ....	May	Oan, Yun	Gan	Sh.i	Sh,i	Tew	Teaou
Me	Mei	Oei ....	Yae	Sho	Shwa	Tew	.... Tew
Me	WY.Wei	Ok,Gok	5, GS	Sh:ie	Shae	Tik	Tcih
Mem	Mecn	Ow, Gow	Gaou	Shok	Ba	Ting	.... Ting
Meet Mat \ Meet / ••••	Meg MeTh	P		Shan \ San * / ' ' ' ' Slril	Shan, Sha,	Toe Tok Too	.... Tae .... TS Too
Mak	MTh	Pa «ee	Pa	Sheet	Slig	Tong	Tang
Mew	Meaou	Pae	Par	1 '-v ....	Show	Tsoe	Tsae
Ming ....	Ming	Peet	PoK	Shay	Shay	Tstk	.... Tselh
Mo	Mo	Put	I'flll	She	She	Tsuy	.... Scu

xvn.

Tslm see Tsam	Tsin Tsan	Tsing Tso	•ee Tsing .... Tso	Une	fYuen ice J Wan \| Fuen	Wool lee Wooy ....	Hw> Hwfiy
Tsing ....	Tsang	Tsok	Ts«		Llluen	y
Tiat	fTsi	Tsong	Tsang	Ung	.... Woo
L -VI L . . . •	\TseS	Tsoo	.... Tsoo			Ya tee	Yay
Tsiu	/Tsew \Tsow	Tsow	/Ts«m \ Tso, Tsoo	Wa	W see Bwa	Yak	/ShTh \KeTb
Tsay	Tseay	Tsuen	Tswan	W-it	f Hwi	Yim	Yin
Tsee.Tsze ....	/Tsee \Tsze	Tsune	/Tsun \Tsuen	V* <IIV Wan	"\Hw8 • • • . Hwan	Yaong .... Yaou	Yang Yew
Tsei	Tie	Tsung	Tsung	Wit	Wi	Ya,	Yay
Tseen	Tseen	Tuen	.... Twan	Wei	Wei	Yat	YJ, J(h
Tseet	Tsee"	Tuk	.... TS	Wing	.... Yung	Yin	Hin
Tseoiig	Tseang	Tun	Tun	Wo	Ho	Ying, Ing ...	Ying Woo
Tseuue ....	Tseuen	Tuy	.... Tu,	Wok	Hwo.Woo	Yok	J5.Y8
Tieu Tsew	Tsew Tseaou		U	Wong	/Hwang \Wang	Yow Yu	Jow Ju, Joo
Tseut .... Tlik	TseuS T*ih	Ue Uet	.... Yu Yue	Woo Woon	.... Hoo Wan	Yung	/Yung \JUDS

ORTHOGRAPHY

MANUSCRIPT DICTIONARIES

With the corresponding Orthography in this Work. The first word is that found in the Manuscript Dictionaries, the opposite one that of this Dictionary. The Manuscript used on this occasion was a copy of that in the library of tlie Royal Society, and which was ouce the property of Sir William Jones. The French and Germain have altered some of the Syllables.

Ca		cie	see Tseay	cun	see Tsun	Che" see	ChTh
		tie	- - T'.ee'	{ling	Tsung	Chen	Chen
^i see	Tsa	9! en	- - Tseen	cuon	Tswan	Chi	Che
?ai,cay - -	Tsae	cin	- - Tsin			Chin . -	Chin
ran	Tsan
Sa"		cing	- - T»ing		Ch	Ching - -	Ching
^arn, gang	Tsang	91 u	Tsen			ChS - -	ChS
^ao	Tsaou	fiuen	Tseueu	Cha	- - Cha	Choang -	Chwang
tf	Tsth	C.IUH	Tseun	Cha	. - Cha	Chu - -	Choo
<;en	Tsin	CO	- - Tso	Chai	. - Chae	ChB - -	Chuli
^eni, geng -	Tsang	c«	- - TsS	Chan	Chiin	ChuK - .	Chile
^eu	Tsow		Tsuh	Chang	Chang	Chuen	Chuen
v - -	Tse	cu	Tsoo	Chao	Chaou	Chui . .	Chuy
?iang - -	Tseang		Tsze	Che	- - Chay	Chnn - -	Chun
<;iaoa	Tseaou	(jui	Tsuy	CM	- - Che-	Chung - -	Chung
PART 11.	e

XVIH.

F		lift ] tee	Ho	Ring see	King		M
Fl if c	Fi	H5 - -	H8	RiS	KeS	Ma	9CC j\Ts
Fin - -	Fan	Hoa - -	Hwi	Kin - -	Reu		AllA
Fang - - Feu - - Fi, F> - -	1 0»	Hai Ilnai Hoan	Hwi Hwae Hwran	Kiu« - - Kiuen Kiun	Keuo Kruen Keim	Man Man* Mao	- — ,>lilC - - Man Mang M ao u
F8 - -		Hoan^' - -	ll»»ng	Kiung - -	Reung	MS	Mih
	Full	Hoe - -	JHwi \HwS	Ro - - KS - .	Ko KS	Men	Mun
Turn	Fuu	Hoi-i - - linen	Ilwny Hwan	KS - -	Kuh	M^ng Meu	- - Ming Alow
Tuug	Fueg	Hu	})<>o	Ku - .	Koo	Mi	- - Me
6		Hung		Kua - - KuS - .	Kwa KwS	Miaou	Aleiou
Gai. Ngai Gan, Njjan	Gae Gall	Hu5 - -	\Hwuli	Kuai Kuan	Kwae K \Vfin	£	..... A' - - Meih
Gang.Npm-- Gao, .Ni;;u>	Gang 0.0?	J Jang - -	Jang	Ruang - Kue - -	Kwii	Mien M.cu	Meen - - Mew
G<J, Nj« -	Glh	Jao	Jaou	Kuei . -	Kwei	Min	- - Min
Gen	Gin	Je - -	Jay	Kueu	Kwan	Ming	Ming
Geng, Ngeng -	Ging	Jue . .	Ji	Kueng	Kwang	Mo	- - Mo
Geu, Ngeu	Gow	Jen	Jen	Kung	Kung	MS	- - Mi$
Gin - -	Jin	Jeng . .	Jing	Kuo, Ko -	Kwo, Ko	MS	- - Mfih
Go, Ngo -	Go, Wo	Jeu	Jow	Kufl - -	KwS	Moei	Mei
G8, Ng8 - -	G5	Jong - -	Jene	Ruoii	Rwan	Mu	Moo
Goei . .	Wd	Jin, Gin -	Jin	T „		Muen	Mun
Gu, Ngu	Woo	JS . .	JS	IIP		Mung	Mung
H		Ju - . IX	Joo	LS - - Lai - .	LS Lae	Muon	f Mwaa ' \ Man
Hai - -	Hae	JO,	Juh		Tan
JJan - - Hao . .	Han Haou	Jui Jim - .	Juy Jun	Lang Lao	iiall Lang L&oij	Na	N - - Na
H,n - .	Hin	Jung . .	Jung	•	LTh	Na	- - Ni
Heng llni . . Hi . .	Hing How He	f Kai Ran . .	Rae Kan	Leung Lei.g - - Leu - -	Leang Lang Low	Nai Nan Nang	Nae - - N.m - - Nang
Hia . .	Hea	Rang - .	Rang	Li . -	Le	Nao	N.iou
Hiai . .	Hene	Kao - .	Kaou	Liao - -	Leaou	Neu	- - Now
Hianjr . -	Heang	R« - -	Klh	Lie - -	Le«	Ni	- - Ne
Hiao . .	Heaou	Ken - -	Kiin	Li«	Lc-ih	Niang	Neang
Hi« . .	HeS	Keng	King	Lien	Leen	Niao	Neaou
Hi« -. -	Hetll	Reu . .	Row	Lieu	Lew	Nie	- - Ne8
Hiea	Bean	Ri - -	Ke	Lin	Lin	Ni8	Neili
Hii-u - - liin - - Hing - - His . . Hiu . .	Hew Bin Hing HeS Heu	Ria - . Kiai - - Riang . Ki on KiS . .	Rea Keae K.ang Keaoii Keg	Ling - - Lo . . I.fl . . La . . Lu	Ling Lo 13 Liih	Xien Nieu Nin Ning trio	Neen - - New Nin Ning Neu
Hiu* . .	Hcu£				iOO	\o	- - No
Hii-ucn - Hiun Hiung	Heuen He mi Heung	Ri« - - Kien - . Kicu Kin - .	Kflh Keen Kew Rin	Lui - . Lun Lung Luon	Luy Lun Lung Lwan	N8 NS Nu Nui	- - NS - - Ndh - - Noo TU
					• - Wuy

XIX.

Nun see	Nun	Sen see	Sin	Ti see	Te	Xe	see Shay
Nung	Nung	Seng - -	Sing	Tiao - -	Tcaou	TU	- - Sh«
Xuun . .	Nwan	Seu . .	Sow	Tie-	Te*	xg	- - Shth
0		Si - -	Se	Tie'	Teth	Xen	SI.
		Siang	Seang	Tien - -	Teen	Xeu	Show
0 - -	O	Siao	Seaou	Tieu	Tew	Xi	- - She
« - -	8	Sic . .	Seny	Ting - -	Ting	Xin	- - Shin
* - -	tin	Sig . .	See	To	To	Xing	Shing
p		Sig . .	Sell)	TS - -	TS	Xo	- - Sho
		Sien	Seen	TS	Tuh	xs	- - ShS
Pa	Pa	Sieu	Sew	Tu - -	Too	xs	- - Shun
Pai	Pae	Sin	Sin	Tui	Tuy	Xoa	- - Shwa
Pan - -	T;m	Sing	Sing	Tun	Tun	Xca	- - Shwi
Pang - -	P.ng	Sid - -	Seuh	Tung - -	Tung	Xoai	Shwae
Pao	Paou	Si5 - -	Sed	Tuon	Twan	Xoang	Shwang
Pe - -	PTh	Siu - -	Seu	U		Xu	Shoo
Peng - -	{Ping \Pung	Siii Siug - -	Seuh Seue	U, Gu - -	Woo	Xu« Xui	- - ShwS Sh w u y
Pi	Pe	Siuen - -	Seuen	Ul.Ulh, Lh -	Urn	Xun	Shun
Piar> - -	Penou	Siun	Siun	Ung	Ung
Pi? - -	PeS	So - -	So	V			Y
Pig - -	Peih	ss - -	SS
Picn Pieu - -	Pecn Pew	SS, Su bn	Siih Poo	Va Vi - -	Wa Wa	Y Ya	- . E - - Ya
Pin - - Ping - - Po - -	Pin Ping Po	pu Sui - - Sun - -	Suy Sun	Vai - - Van - . Vang - -	Wae Wan Wang	Yi Yang Yao	- - YS - - Yang Yaou
P8 - - PS Poei - -	PS Puh Pei	Sung - - Suon Szu - -	Sung Swan Sze	Ven - - Vi - - Vo - -	Wan We Wo	Ye Yg Yg	- - Yay - - Y« - - YTh
Pu - -	Poo	T		V3 - .	S	Yen	- - Yen
Puen	Pun			Vo« - -	Wfih	Yeu	- - Yew
Puon	Pwan	Ta - -	Ta	Von - -	Wan	Yi.	. - Yin
		TS	Ta	Vu - -	Woo	Yng	- - Ying
		Tai, Tay - -	Tae	X		Y5	- - Y«
S5 - -	S5	Tan - -	Tan	Xa . -	Sha	YS	- - Yah
Say, Sai - -	Sae	Tang - -	Tang	X$ - -	Sha	Yn	- - Yu
San	San	Tao	Taou	Xan - -	Shan	Yug	- - Yu«
Sang - -	Sang	Te - .!	Tin	Xam "!		Yuen	- - Yuen
Sao - -	Saou	Teng - -	Tang	Xangj	Shang	Yun	Yun
sk - -	STh	Teu - -	Tow	Xao - -	Shaou	Yung	- - Yung

V. ORDER AND NUMBER OF THE SYLLABLES.

A, 1.	IP, 40.	H«S, 82.	Keili, 123.	LeO, 1^5.	Ming, 907.	Pe'en, 248.	Phay, 290.	Teen, 332,	Tung, 375.
An, S.	.111, 41.	Hwie, 88.	Kro, 124.	.I'll, 165.	M wan, 208	Pfi, 229.	She, 291.	'eih, 333.	Tuy, 376.
Aou, 3.	in, 41.	Iwan, 84.	Keu, 125.	Leu«, 167.		Peih, 250.	She, 292.	Tew, 334.	T«an, 377.
	an;:, 43.	Iwin. >5.	Keue, 126.	^eiien, ins.	Na, 209.	1'ew, 251.	Shen, 293.	Ttb, 335.
Mia. 4.	Ging. 4J*	Iwang, 86.	Keucn, 127	Ledh, 169.	\i, 210.	Pih, 258.	MiTh, *94.	Ting, 336.	dh, 378.
Chi, ».	i;inil, 45.	HwSng, 87.	Keiih, 128.	Lew, 170.	Nae, 211.	Pin, 253.	Shin, 295.	To, 337.	Ung, 379.
Chae, 6.	lih, 46.	Iw8, 88.	Keuu, 1*9.	Lih, 171.	Nan, 2W.	Ping, 254.	Shin;:, 296.	TO, 338.	Urh, 880.
Chan, 7.	o. 47.	HwBh, 89.	Keung, ISO.	Lin, 172.	Nang, 213.	Po, 255.	Sh8, 297.	Too, 339
Chang, 8.	GiS. 48.	Hwuy, 90.	Kew, 131	Ling, 173.	NSng, 214.	P8, 256.	Shoo, 298.	Tow. 340.	Wa, 381.
Chiou, 9.	low, 49.		Kih, 132.	Lo, 174.	Naou, 215.	Poo, 257.	Show, 299	I'si, 341.	Wi, 382.
Chay, 10.		Jang, 91.	Kin, 133.	1,8, 175.	Ne, 216.	Pow, 258.	Shuh, 300.	1'sae, 342.	Wae, 383.
Che, 11.	Hae, 50.	Jaou, 92.	King, 134.	l.oo, 176.	Nrang, 217	Puh, 259.	Shun, 301.	Tsan, 343.	Wan, 384.
Ch«, 12.	Ian, 51.	Jay. 9S.	Ko, 135.	Low, T77.	Neaou, 218.	Pun, 260.	Shwa, 302.	Tsang, 344.	Win, 385.
Chen, 13.	Hin 52.	J«, 94.	K», 136.	Liih, 17-8.	Ne6, 219.	Pung, 261.	Mnvi, 303.	Tsing, 345	Wang, 386.
ChTh, 14.	Ian;;, 53.	Jcn«. 95.	Koo, 137.	I. mi, 179.	Niien, 220.	Pwan, 262.	Shwae, 304.	Tsaou, 346.	We, 387.
Chin, 15.	Hing, 54.	Jlh, 96.	Kow, 138.	Lung, 180.	Neth, 221		Shwang, 305	Tse, 247.	Wei, 388.
Ching 16.	liiou, 55.	Jen, 97.	Kfib, 139.	Luy, 18).	Nc5, 228.	Sh, 263.	Shw8, 306.	1'seang, 348.	Wo, 389.
Ch8, 17.	He, "56.	Jin, 98.	Kim;:, 140.	Lwan, 1&2.	Neu, 223.	Pae, 264.	Shwiiy, 307.	I'seaou, 349	WO, 390.
Chno, 18.	Hea, 57.	Jing, 99.	Kwa, 141.		New, 224	San, 265.	STh, 308.	Tseay, 350. '	Woo, 391.
Chow, 19.	HeS, 58.	J8, 100.	Kwi, 142	Ma, 18S.	Nin, 225.	Sin, 266.	Sin, 309.	Tsee, 351.	Wuh, 392.
Chue 80.	Heae, 59.	Joo, 101.	Kwae, 143.	Mi, 184.	Ning, 236.	Sang, 267.	Sing, 310.	Tseen, 352.
Chuen, 21,	lleang, -60.	Jow, 102.	Kwan, 144.	Mae, 185.	No, 287.	Ping, 268.	So, 311-	TseTh, 353.	Ya, 393.
	Heaou, 61.	Jiien, 103	Kwa.i, 145	Man, l!«6.	N8, 228.	Saou, 269.	So, 312.	TseO, 354.	Y5, 394.
ChiSh, 22.	He«, fi2.	Jiih, 104.	Kwang, 146	Mang, 187.	Moo, 229.	Se, 270.	Soo, 313.	Tseu, 355.	Yae, 395.
Chun, 23.	Heen, 63.	Jun, 10ft.	Kwing, 147	Mang, 188.	Now, 230.	' Scang, 271.	Sow, 314.	Tseue, 356.	Yang, 396.
Chun;;, 24.	Ili-ili, 64.	Jung, 106.	Kwei, 148.	Maou, '189.	Nuh, 231.	Seapu, 272.	SHh, 315.	Tseuen, 357.	Yaou, 397.
Chuy, 25	HeS, 65.	Juy, 107.	Kwo, 149.	May, .190.	Nun, 232.	Seay, 273.	Sun, 316.	Tseun, 358.	Yay, 398.
Chwa, 26.	Hen, 66.		KwS, 150.	Me, 191.	Nung, 233.	Pe«, 27.4.	Sung, 317	Tsew, 359.	Y8, 399.
Chwae, 27.	Heu«, 67.	Kae, 108.	Kwuh 151	Meaou, 192.	Nuy, 234.	Seen, 275.	Suy, 318.	Tsih, 360.	Yen, 400.
Chwang,28.	Heuen, 68.	Kan, 109.		Me«, 193.	Nwan, 235.	^eih, 276.	Swan, 319.	Tsin, 361.	Yew, 401.
	HeBh, 69.	Kin, 110.	La, 152.	Meen, ',94.		<cS, 277.	Sze, 320.	Tsing, 362	Yin, 408.
*; 29.	llenn, 70.	Rang, 111.	L4, 153.	Mei, 195.	0, 236,	Seu, 278		Tso, 363.	Yin, 403.
	Heung, 71.	King, 112.	Lae, 154.	Mew, 196.	8, 237.	Seue, 279.	Ta, 321.	Ts5, 364.	Ying, 404.
n, so.	Hew, 78.	Kaou, 113.	Lin, 155.	Meth, 197.	Pa, 238.	Peuen 280.	Ti, 322.	Fsotf, 365.	YO, 405.
Fan. 31.	Hih, 73.	Kf, 114.	Lang, 156.	Mih, 198.	Pi, 239.	Seuh, 281.	Tae, 323.	I'sow, 366.	Yu, 406.
Fang, 32.	Hin, 74.	Kea, 115	Lang, 157.	Min, 199.	Pae, 240.	Seun, 282.	Tan, 324.	Tsuh, 367.	Yu«, 407.
Fe.orFei, So	Hing, 75.	Kei, 116.	Laou, 158.	Ming, 200.	Pan, 241.	Sew, 283.	Tang, 323.	Tsun, 368.	Yuen, 408.
Foo, 34.	Hn, 76.	Keae, 117	Le, 159.	Mo, 201.	Pang, 242.	Sha, 284.	Ting, 326.	'rsiing, 369	YBh, 409.
F8, 35.	Hfl, 77.	Keang, 118	Leang, 1 60	MO, 202.	Ping, 243.	Phi, 285,	Taon, 327.	Vsuy, 370.	Yun, 410.
Fow, 36.	Hoo, 78.	Kea. .n, )\|9	Leaou, 161.	Moo, 20S.	Paou, 244.	Shae, 286.	Te, 328.	l\wan, 371.	Yung, 411.
F8b, 37.	How, 79.	Kcay, 120.	Leg, 168.	Mow, 204.	Pe, 245.	Shan, 287.	Teaou, 329	Tsze, 372.
Fun, 38.	Hung, 80.	Kef, 121.	Leen, 163.	Milh, 205.	Peaou, 246	Shang, 288.	Teay, 330.	Tflh, 373.
Fung, 39.	Hwa, 81.	Keen, 122.	LeTh, 164.	Mun, 206.	Pee, 247.	Shaou, 289.	Tee1, 331.	Tun, 374.

DICTIONARY

OF THE

CHINESE LANGUAGE,

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

AOU

CHA

A.

I. SYLLABLE.

A, as in Art, or as if written Ah. This initial sound is common in the Provincial Dialect of Canton ; in the A'u'fln or Mandarin Dialect, it becomes Ya.

3.

f 1. Of the second class; inferior. This is the ap- pellative so common in the names of poor people, as A-lan, A-pin, &c. Many row write it |{pj* O, which, in the Provincial Dialect, is pronounced as A. For words thus pronounced, see Ya.

TART II.

AN. II. SYLLABLE.

At if written Aan. Provincial Dialect, Oan.

*

2. Rest ; composure. For a further definition, and words thus pronounced, see Can.

AOU. III. SYLLABLE.

A broad, and coalescing with Ihe other vowels. Provincial Dia- lect Ow, as in How.

/ 3. A deep bay ; inlet from the sea or mouth of a river. For further definition, and words thus pronounced, see Gaou.

CHA. IV. SYLLABLE.

A broad. The Provincial Dialect in the same; by tome pronounced Tsa.

1 4. Wood floating in

_^JJ^~ water ; a float ; a raft ; to j ~\ examine into; to enquire ; to refer to records in public offices. A surname. A bar or hindrance. J5 1 Keu-cha, The great raft,— probable allusion to the ark of Noah.

Cha-chi ^Q- Aj£ to examine ; to scru- tinize narrowly.

Cha-hea 1 ~K name of a plac?.

Cha-wan I RJj to enquire, to »>k about, to investigate.

en A

C11A

CHA

Tuis word, occurs very fre- quently in Chinese government pa- pers. after stating a case, and brfore g'm n, they use it denot-

ing, / have referred to the law, or the recttrat of the office, and find — then follows an opinion or decision.

' 5. Settlings; grounds; dregs ; faeces. The nam* of a river. Cha tsze K VfF dregs; fo?ces.

/ 6. To smear ; or to apply ointments or other external medicines to the skin. In common use, but not sanctioned by the Dictionaries. To prick AS with a pin or needle.

Cha-hwa ^g ^ to delineate with a needle. (MS. Dictionary.)

7. To tread upon with the feet..

Cha-U OX P* denotes, the same.

** (1 J* U-

Not sanctioned by some Dictionaries.

8. Plants which float on the surface of the- water.

9. Wood floating on water.

The same as number 4;

Reiterated, Cha-cha, The Toice of a certain bird. The name of a fruit.

MO. A wooden bar; to stop or hinder as with a

'wooden bar. The name of a place.

« II. To stretch out; to extend » to op«o or spread out. Cha-hoo ^aE- p -to open a door.

Cha.yen 1 "=" stretched out word* ; ostentatious speech.

I ••. To, stretch out to. extend.

\ 13. Th« appearance of st°ne! tumbling down, is expressed by^ ^ Cha-ra.

14. Adhesive. From Cha, To stretch, and Shro, M illet or grain, of which paste is

made. Reiterated Cha-cha, or Cha-na |j|8> 1fa& adhering together as •when pasted; mutually adhesive; sticking together.

* Chay, Large; wide.

15. An empty noisy blus- ter ; rodomontade. From Ohay, To spread wide, and

Sia, The heart.

16. An ill-closed cicatrix.

17. A large horn, wide spreading horns; to seize an animal, as by the horns.

18. To talk big. ^ Cha-na, To be ashamed

of poverty, and to endea-

vour to conceal it by a wordy ostentatious display. Cha-naou | ^hj inexplicable, clamor- ous, and ostentatious boaiting, lo conceal actual poverty and meanness.

haad.

T»o, A fierce and artful tiger.

19. To take, to seize. Com- pounded of Tso, A ravenous artful tiger, and Yew, The

20. To take hold of witu, the hand.

21. A house going to de- cay ; a ruinous house.

22. To place the fingers upon ; to feel with the

f££f ^ fingers ; to take with the fingers.

23. The name of a river, ^1 1""* or stream of water, in the

north.

24. A species of grain. Red ^ Taou Grain is called ^ ||[ Chih-ch*.

25. An incrustation fondl- ed over a sore by matter, is called jjjfl ||| Kea-cha,

and J|jj BB Kea-kea.

26. A red pimple or swelling on Ihe nose ; from cold or the influence of

liquor.

• Characters which may be considered the Primitives of those that immediately follow; different forms of the same character, «nd characters whicb-alwaj s or occasional!) cxprcs. the same sense, are placed here in a smaller sized letter.

CHA

C1IA

CHA

27. A pimple on the nose.

28. The reddened swelling of a drunkard'! nose. Same

, as 26.

29, Distorted teeth ; the teeth unevenly set.

I % 30. Plants floating on the surface of the water. Same

as 8. This character is pronounced several other ways, in a variety of senses.

' 31. Thenameof a sacrifice

offered in the close of the

year.

38. , To bind close; to restrict; the name of the sacrifice referred to in the preceding definition, because in the close of thejear, nature binds up every thing.

33. The juice or sirup of a plum-like fruit, called 'ci* jll Chang-tsaoM. -

34 Same as 33.

t 35. To be out of the straight line ; to exceed ; i^/F —i to be beyond. Erroneous ; error; mistake; differing. Read Chae, To send.

Cl.a ptih to TJ5 ~ft^ !%f error not much.

Cha puh yuen 1 ^?\ j|J| error not

remote; i.e. nearly, not very far from the truth.

Cha tih yuen ] ^{J if| different from remotely ; very different from.

Yih she cha tso — • \\^ 1 $& a. temporary mistaki- ; f.iiling for once, or accidentally, into error.

* 36. A small spear. To

_*. tf -. -

pierce ; to stab. 7S& ^|l Tsan cha, To shrink up, to shrivel.

' 37. To pare or hew wood or trees aslant Kan-dui, To hew 5 to fell.

parej to

C. 38. A certain description of boat, .or (mall vessel.

39. The upper garments put aside, and discovering ' the under parts of the dre«s.

N 40. A name, different from what is usual, for coppen coin, or money.

Yew, The hand.

t 41. The -fingers of the hand inserted into each other;. any thing diverging, or forked ; a road diverging into two or more direction*.

Cha show ^? 3i the hands j.oined. with the fingers crossing each, other.

. 42. To take hold of by compressing two things, like nippers ; an instrument for harpooning certain fish, by sticking

it into the mod. To tir'tkfi to hit will) llic fist. Used for number 41.

c 43. Water diverging into several stream*. Forms part of the name of a place.

* 44. The parUof Chinese garments which open on each side to afford room to

walk.

C. 45. A kind of clasp; to fasten a girdle round a per-

_ G 48. Diverse or strange

•^Nf speech. To reprehend. To \J/ ^- take hold of a person's er- rors; to be suspicious.

47. The name of a plant. The budding of herbs > a bud.

r it 48. A diverging road ; to tread.

49. A receptacle for »r- . rows ; a quiver.

t 50. The side of the face; the jaw. Expressed also by

« »

t 51. Tea. The Chinese commonly understand by the single term Cha, The infusion.

The sorts commonly known to Europeans are these. Bohea, j£^ ^ ;M;\VOo-c-cha, now called y£ j T.i-

cm

CHA

<ua,; find, Campoi, Ug ^ Keon- pei; Sd, Congo, ~f -^ Kuu-r-foo ; 4th, Pekoe, £j /Ql J'lh-haou; 5lh, Pouchong, or Padre tea, 'flj

11 cbung ; 6lh, Souchong, /K S3} Seaou-chung 7lh, Caper or Sonchi tea. if| J^ ?hwanS.che, or ^

fl Choo-lan. - The seven sorts of i^Tvj

Black Tea are understood generally by the term jj& 2jt E-cha, or by contraction r/H E, fom ^ y^i l|i Woo-* than, The Woo-c, (Bohea) hills in Fuh-kcen Province where they grow. Tlie Green Teas are, 1st, Sung-lo, JQ jjj^ Sung-lo, 2nd, Hyson, ffB ^He-chun; 3d, Hyson skin, & Fc-cha ; 4lh,

Twan-kay, jtj V|| Tun-ke ; 5th, Gun-powder tea, orj*jj j Choo- chs, (Pearl tea); «tb. Ouchain, or Young Hyson, pj| fltj Yu-tseen, (before the rains). The six sorts of Green Tea are denominated generally by the term, fe. Sung-cha. They grow in the Province

^|" Kan cha, To inspect tea ; toeiamineitsquality. S| 1 Ching-

cha, To weijih tea. Si ] Panjr- i >'. . l

cha, j^ | Paou-cha ; or 'j^ J Tun.clia, To prepare tea by boiling. P£ | Kclh-cha, or ^ | Chth- cha, To drink tea; the more usual phrase is [tj^ I llo cha.

Cha-chung^jU Jj^ a tea cup.

Cha-hwa | fe the flower Camellia

J.iponira. Clia-ke ^ /L A small stand or tahl»-

ou whiib to pl.icc tea'

Clu-mS 1 ^fe tea which is much bro- ken; broken down to mere dust.

Cha-pei 1 5I> a tea-cup.

Cha-she At ^b a tea spoon.

Cha-sze 1 fijl) a person who inspects the quality of teas and decides the prices, is, at Canton so called ; a Tea Inspector.

Cha-tsze 1 'pt the broken refuse of tea-leaf, used by the Chinese to wash the hands with.

Cha-ye ' 'IS: tea leaf t the term by which the Chinese distinguish the leaf from the infusion.

» . ' ' t 52. A lone or expletive,

used in modern songs.

t. 53. To rub as on Applying any ointment with the hand.

Chachwang ^ ^ to rub with any application a wound or sore. This character is not sanctioned by the Dictionaries.

Cha-fun ] ^ to paint the face ; to rouge.

54. Difficulty in walking, is expressed by jj^j f^f Clia-che.

p I 55. Suddenly; inadvertent-

•^^-> ly ; abruptly ; speedily, has- tily ; for a short lime ; to commence.

Cha-keen ^p ^ to see unexpectedly and for a short time.

» ' 56. A loud sound; a X3^» tumultuous noise. To haste to eat. Used also in the sense of 58.

57. Largrj big; ostenta- tious; boastful.

58. Broad; wide; full; solid.

% t 59. An unfinished house

£A^ or dwelling. A shelter sud- J |"* denly raised.

Cha-ya t^ fjjp uneven ; irregular.

60. A wound which does not close.

Cha-na

disease.

a severe state of

1- Tne name of a p'antj

I 62. A stone tablet.

f 63. A kind of press for

rf* f *~

^^ ilraining w;ne or other li- quor ; to strain ; to defecate.

64. To ornament with silk.

' 65. Erroneous ; false ; de- ceitful, fraudulent.

Cha.shen =£ ^ hypocritical.

Cha-jen 1 j^C fallaciously ; fraudu- lently.

Cha-tsang 1 ^f and |j£ I Go-cha, To obtain money from people by

CI1A

CHA

ru\

working on (heir fears; applied chiefly to the officer!) of the police and retainer! about public courts. Cha-wci j fgj false; hypocritical.

66. To utter what it shame- ful.

67. A carriage split or broken.

68. A kind of preserved or pickled fish.

Cha-yo ;&£ J§| name of a fish, de- •cribed like the blubber fish; said to be two kinds, the red and white; the fir^t sort is eaten b» the Chinese.

orTsih, If arrow; ttrait; deep defile.

69. To press down with the hand ; to bold a thing down with . the hand.

70. An utensil for com- pressing and defecating oil

or wine.

71. A wine pressi an uten- >il for expressing oil.

To, An ear of groin tending down, whilst iti roftl spread out under grtund.

it

/ 72. A young girl ; an un- married woman.

' 7$. The name of a plant.

74. The round of fire burning briskly ; the noise

of flame ascending.

75. To sputter and speak angrily; to boot at; to speak to sharply. From T8,

To rely on, and Kow, The mouth.

16. From Chlh, To dwell, and Mouth. To fume and (putter at in anger; to matter) to crauneb and roako a noise with the mouth and teeth. To commiserate. Used for 76 and 78

77. Saraea»76and78.

78. To talk wildlj and extra. Tagaotly i to boast and talk ostentatioutlj. Strange j extravagant From to dwell or consist in, and words -, q. d. con- listing only in wordi; mereUlk, cot el preterea nihil.

To sputter and admit moiitet from the note.

. tt.

ruX

C1IA

('II A

CHA. — V™ SYLLABLE.

~^ TO. From Show, The hand, ^Fl and Yin, PtoopingV - - To

T ^^* pluck up; to eradicate.

Chi ft ^ jj^i to bind together; the

•amc is expressed by Xjg, %,j- Chen-f,..

Cii hwa 1 xj/" to embroider with a

needle, (MS. Dictionary). Not »anc-

'

tioned by Kang.be; probably belongs

.

to 81, or ii a vulgar and local usage of the character.

„

tl

. , , . A plain board <

mrd to writ,- , '

or tablrt on 'before the

invention of paper, was called ChS ; and jjy ^Keen cha, or I Shoo-cha, are still used to ex- press » letter. A numeral of the scales or pieces of armour. Untimely death by plague or pestilence, is •zpretied by Cha.

1- 1 '•*

81. To bind the part of a bow grasped by the left hand; to tie or bind to-

gether.

It. Name of an intect.

\ t •'- A bird with varie- gated feathers; a certaiu water bird that feodi on li»h.

81. Distemper; pes-

^

tilenre; untimely death.

.* 85. To prifi with a st\1e

-or needle ; a particular form of statement to the Em- „' pefor. 'A certain bundle <if paper •'» "lied $J f ,(hat«,, or<g|| | Che chii; in th'n -sense appears -on the jigii boards of Stationers. 1

kit) ' ' J

.Ip. Cha-tan, A written agreement made between the buyer and seller.

86. A diligent and strenuous exertion of one's strength.

87. Desultory, incoherent discourse, is expressed by

88, A gate that may be opened or shut, whether placed at the ends of streets; narrow passes in the country, or on, canals forming a kind of lock.

Chi-tsa JijjJ -t- a gateway at streets or passes, kept by a military guard.

Chi-fang ' Jlj the guard-house at a Chi. The wall and gateway which limits, or forms a barrier, to Euro- peans at Macao, is called H

m l

Kwan-chS.

ChS-ho ] '/nT the river with locks; expresses the famous Chinese Canal.

1 nri Chi-mun j BH a lock on a river, or

' canal.

t S9. To stand on tiptoe ai when looking to a distance.

1 jjf t f

90. The first buds of plants in Spring; the budding forth of plants. Auimali increasing in size; fattening.

t 91. To pound with* pestle in a mortar; to stick in to; to beat down as when raising a ir,U(j wall. Frora =f. Kan> Representing a pe,,]e) and ^ ftew, A raortar

Choo, Representing the arras raised and lifting the r.estle high to acquire the greater momentum when letting the pestle fall again into the mortar. (Cbing-.

CHA

CM A

tszc-tung.) The modern character for pestle is /{A- Choo, which if also ap- plied to the beater used in raising mud walls ; and which in some parts of the country is called Chi.

f^Tfi Ar\ 1*1 * »"K A

09 fifrt illl ^ na-tce, A JpJ l"«

pounded wretch ; a sorry, petty, worthless creature. The-Chinese express the same ideaby A\ TV Seaou-jin, A petty man.

i'J

93. The noise of slicing a thing with a knife, or mire- ing a thiiig-siii ail with a knife.

94. Mincing many wordi; loquacious; talkative} chat- tering; prating.

95. To cover as in a mortar; to store up; to secret; to hide; a low cottage.

96. To pierce flesh; to si ick into; to plant ; to insert ; to attach to, as a flag to the mast head. Same as N" 110. An iron instrument; to stick into or pierce the ground. Cha kow ^jJi'P to insert one's month,

or I yk. Clia.isuy, To insert one's lips, denote putting in one's word: interfering in a conversation or de- bate.

Chala-chQh | MJij« j$a tuput a candle into a stand for it.

97. Same as N* 4 and 37. The name of a fruit; part of the name of a jerson.

!is. Low and damp. One gajs, Witter falling down in drops | to drip. The cha- racter seems formed from Water and the sound of Chi.

99. To close or shut with a board or plank. From 14* I'een, A splinter or plank, •nd Chi, The noise ru ide in shutting a door or gate ; hriwe the meaning, To shut a city gale; any thing closed, shut or covered with boards or planks.

1 T T\y

% 100. Rumpled; puckered;

IF/ wrinkled 1'ke the skin of old */' ^people.

.'

/j^J-ji 101. A stony appearance.

102. From grain, and to stick in. To plant.

t- 103. To insert iilk; to seam ; to sew.

104. To prepare in a certain way by boiling.

m a

105. A kind of double collar worn by the Chinese. A •light appearance of being bound, or fastened round.

IOC. -jft J Chi-tse, Re- iterated words, like the dull tautology of a pestle; miltterin" ; murmuring. CliS-ya ] |H uncertain1, dubious lan- guage, the noise of laughter.

107. Name of a gaming utcniil.

108. Hasty »lep«; to walk •with speed.

109. Appearance of the feel mo-ring.

110. An instrument of agri- culture for driving into the ground ; to raise or lurn the earth. Same as 96. A kind of hoe.

111. From Rain and Cha, i?_ The noise of rain; a heaty rain.

• 112. Grain benten lo flour,

/taTa aiul i*1*"**1 aia ball! a

P<P bait

113. The appearance of a horse walking, pacing, prancing coursing, i« ex- pressed by Cha, or Cha-cha.

The

molioa of the teeth.

C. 115. Reiterated examination; to i to examine; to

to judge; to manifest; to m;ike con- spicuous, to lake an extend e or general survey. Chichi, (lean, clear, pure; uncorriipted n.qr.iry. Read Tse, To sacrifice: de' ..ling that when all human cnqnin haj failed, recourse is had to superior powers by sacrifice.

C'llAE

CHAE

CliAE

'fcS. to euquire iulo; to xl>

examine.

Chit5 1 If examine and decide; are words of form which close the prayer of pertooi petitioning their •uperiori.

1 16. To examine with the ^ baud i to rub assiduously.

^R

&

17. Minute and careful involution; thj idea is generally the same an 115. A person's name.

1 18. To take hold of; to grasp; to lead; to lift up. To bow in the Chinese man- ner with the folded hands to the ground. Formed of the Hand, and

Reaching or extending to. To insert; ta plant, &c.; l.ke 96.

119. A post or fl:g staff. A hollow pUlar of brick or stonework commonly culled a p >goda ; a temple of the. priests of Buddah. -fa ^|J Koo-cbl, An ancient pagoda.

CHAE. — VITH SYLLABLE.

Broad A and E, coalescing. Sound like igh in nigh.' Manuscript Dictionary f An/, ttay, Tihay. Often confounded with Tsae.

Canton Dialect, generally Chac. Same as in the Kwan Dialect.

' 20- From TJ^ To manifest, and WJV* Tse, Order, regu- hirity. To Cleanse the heart; respect, veneration for what ii good ; to fast; abstinence from sensual in- dulgence. ?fa jfc Chie keae, To abstain from wine, animal food, and renery. ^ Sh.h chac. To eat vegetable food. fi 1 3jB ^^Che chae, keae sh J, To keep a fast ; and abstain from tikirg animal life.

181. From Yen, a covering, and Chae, Abstinence. A straw hut; a thatched cot-

128. Commonly read Tse.

Even; regular; in order.

Read Chae, in the same sense as 1 80. To regulate the pnssioni ; to rectify the state of the heart.

183. Persons of the same order or class ; a company ; a party; a group. • Forms the plural of pronouns. 2r <fi|£ Woo chae, We ; in the language of books, — not colloquial.

126. To strike a thingwith K£jJ^ the fist. Read Tse, To put " / " I in order with the hand.

124. To bite or gnaw with the teeth.

185. From Gold and fork. A kind of bodkin or large pin with which the Chire* females fasten the folds or plaits of their hair. Part of the name of a certain'medicine. |jj p Chae-kow the point of a pin or bodkin.

V/J.

X J4-, 1ST. To dislike; to suspect; ^M r~l to conjecture; to. guess.

Chae-han ^ fg, to feel dislike or ill-will.

Chae-e j )jj£ to doubt; to cherish suspicion-

Chae-leang ] jj| or | ]R|f Chae-t5, To conjecture ; to suppose.

Chae chS j ^ io conjecture rightly.

Chae-pHh-chS I A\ ^ to be unable to guess.

Chae mei | ^ or j ip Chae keuen, To guess the number of fin- gers thrown out, or stretched straight from a previously folded hand; which is a drut.ken amusement of the Chinese. When the opponent guts e< the right number of fingers thrown out at the instint he speaks, he wins ; and the person throwing out

CHAE

CIIAE

CHAR

9

his fingers has to drink as a forfeit. Read also Tsae.

1-J8. f- To send a messenger; the messenger sent.

/.; anenv°J-

Chae she ] |j£ public service on which any one is sent.

Chae-fun ] ^ and Ji | Chung- chae, Are terms used in arithmetic.

|fi^ Kin chae, An imperial messenger; an envoy of the Em- peror of China, to any part of his own dominions, or sent to neigh- bouring states. He refuses to allow any Envoy or Embassador from an- other nation to employ the term Kin. 4lg Tang chae, To sustain an imperial or government commission ; to be actually sent on some public service. ;£"]" I Ta chae, To send away for any cause.

129. *• A small spear. Also read Cha.

Tsan cha j | to shrink up, to shrivel.

180. Disease in a conva- lescent state.

131. Bundles of sticks; fuel. iffl^ H^ Fan chae, The wood in ancient times burnt in sacrifices. Paper is now commonly used for this purpose.

Chae-ho 1 nf fuel for the fire; \fc I Kan chae, To cut

fuel.

fuel in the woods or on the hills.

Chae fei ] ^p or I |HJ Chae

mun, The door of a cottage, as if

made with bits of sticks ; any door.

V% 13«- The wood used in

*%.Jr^ sacrifice; to burn wood in

*^\ ^ sacrifice to the gods of

heaven, or to Heaven. 131 was the

original form, which was changed to

this form in order to distinguish it

from the common word for Fuel.

»t

.

183. tTo tread upon with the feet. Kang-he reads Tsze.

134. / A certain animal said to be so covetous or ra- venous, as to devour fire, and cause its own death, is called $&:£% Heae-chae. It is also said to possess divine intelligence, by which it discovers the right from the wrong, the just from the unjust. In allusion to these properties, it is always painted before the gates of public courts to remind the Magis- trate, that covetous extortion is ruin- ous to himself as eating fire; and in allusion to the second property of this animal, an executioner's cap, is called it? I £3' Heae-chae-kwan.

'Ill \ /L_l

Military officers have it embroidered on their breasts, probably in allusion to its diritig; implying that thry will go through fire to effect their purpose. To vaunt or boast of one's courage is also called Heae-chae.

% 135. 'A ravrnuus bemrt

i\ of prey ; a wolf; called

T also $jft jj^ Chae-Uag,

and \k Jfj] Cliae-kow. In the She-king the words | M/Chac-hoo, Wolf-tiger, occur. Jut* Mj jj\ \ | Shin sow joo chae, As lean as a wolf, is quoted in the MS. Dictionaries. One says, Chae should be the character 131, which would make the saying, As lean as a stick.

186. «- The htel of the foot ; to beat with the feet in a fit of anger is ex pressed by jug Chae-tsfin.

137. ' To bear a burden; to be in debt ; a debt.

Chae-jin $^ h or 3 I Foo-chie,

A debtor.

Chae-choo I ^« creditor. y^ Keen chae, To owe a debt.

:,S J Hwan chae, To pay a debt. 32= I i V

= fr 1 Taou chae ; JT]^ Tseu- chae, To seek or ask for the re- covery of a debt.

188. t A dwelling amongst thehillswilhiapalisjdes. An enclosure for sheep. An encampment ; a station or barracks for troops ; which is also expressed by *$r> ^i Ying chac. H|J ^LJ Tsien shan chae, The military station at Casa Brauca, mar Macao, is so called.

CHAN

139. ti TV «Bl ra \enoiiil v ; t» bite; to gnaw. Pj{| jfa. Chac hruS, To suck blood.

140. The twig or stem by which fruit hangs.

111. A species of scorpion in v IKKI: tail is a sting. A sting situated in the tail, as the sting of a bee, a wasp, and so on. A man's name, used for 140. A thorn.

142. t- Disease. &*• ) Lao ST. \

chae, Contagious distemper. ?• T»ze chae> To

^J>

inflict disease, or bring misery on one's self.

CHAN. — VII™ SYLLABLE.

Manuscript Dictionaries and Canton Dialect, all the same. Often confounded with Tsan: MS. Dictionary Can.

Composed of JJ& CAS, An animal like a ha re ; and T»o, A hare or rabbit.

143. An artful crafty hare. Chan-tan, The narne

I M3-

of a tree, said . to have be- longed to Confucius. The last syl- lable Tan, is now applied to sandal wood.

141. Men in an unsettled dis- orderly state, like horses or rabbits. Irregular, uneven ;

a line of soldiers in disorder ; hasty ;

indecorous levity ; contemptible

manner.

145. From Knife and the sound Chan. To cut a- •under ; to chop-, to cut with a chi§sel.

1 46. t. To pull or toss things about in order to take from amongst.

14T. To peck; to sip; to taste slightly ; to speak for, or imitate others.

148, The name of a limit or boundary around an altar or grave.

149. C. Same as 151.

ISO. Irregular; uneven.

151. t To pierce; t» stab; to stick. One says, To sup- port. A comet is called

|f^ JJ£ Chan tsoang sing. (') To repair the side of; to complete mending or repairing.

152. Name of a certain wood. Same as 143, A comet is expressed by i|£ ift

I>T- I/I J

Cbantseang; same as the preceding.

Sharp pointed, (fy A water gate*- Same as 1 55.

1 53. To laugh.

16+. The noise of water rushing or falling dowa ; the sound of fish frisking or leaping in the water, the same i* expressed by J|| y|9 Chan-tseS, The hands or feet wet with perspiration.

156. A wooden barrier ^ against water \\ flood-gate.

156. The noise made by a

'57. A large boat, or other vessel for the purposes of i^ navigation.

158. A horny appearance; like haviuir horns

CHAN

II

159. To be fond of talking of ^•iSC people's vices; tocalumniate; ^/ *~^ flattery to the persons ad- dressed, and insidious calumnies against the absent; sly reflections, intended to injure other people. The name of a tripod; the name of a place. Chan yen = == and | fc Chan-

*VE I — I I l^*

ning, express the same; the latter expression, denotes A specious flattery connected with the calumny.

^f? fj57 =% Chan chen meen- I PH \t±t p/\.

yu, To slander the absent and offer adulation to the person present.

Chan jin 1 ^a. .slanderer.

169. The name of a place. To involve in ruin; downfall.

161. A pointed instrument; a p;>i..t d stone; the coulter of a plough, To pierce ; to

stick into. Same as 145. A vessel for preparing drugs.

162. Chan, or ;$§ Can, chau, A saddle for a horse.

16S. HI JH Lan Chan, The appearance of the head; a ^ long head.

161. Greedy; gluttonous: used also in common with fl& Chan.

165. To engrave blocks for printing books in an erroneous manner j to blur.

Chucn ; Three weak orphan children; objects of compulsion. Attentive, observant? also written %% thus, Three children feebly striving to be first, and hence the idea of Weakness.

166. Three children stand- ing below a door. Weak ; embarrassed; sighing.

Chaejo | Jjjj feeble; weak.

167. To see; to manifest.

Chan-Uow, Abu-

168. To cut ; to arrange; to attack.

169. Chan, or ^ Cliaii-hwan, The noise of water flowing, the appear- ance of a stream running, of tears flowing.

Chau-shwfiy J 7J( the name of a stream, of water.

no. Name of a particular sort of carriage; a military chariot; a carriage to sleep

171. A horse without sad- dle or bridle.

S to ride a horse witli-

Chan-ke

out either saddle or bridle.

From two spears. To wound, to injure; to rob. Read Tseen, denotes what is Sinull; shallow.

High; lofty.

173. Boardi which rovrr the tilr* of the roof intide Chinese houses.

174. A kind of stage or scaffold ; a tent with an upper story -, a place fenced in ; a place to store goods ; a ware- house; a kind of carriage made of bamboo and wood; a hearse; A path or bridge made with boards or planks ; palisades or railing, boards connected together for any purpose. A stable, or floor for a stable made with boards. LL /|^< Ma chan, A stable for horses. ^E Yang coan, A sheep cotj a sheep fold. Mil Y£ J". itSji 1'iiig chan e kaou tsaou, A tent, stable, or fold, should be high and dry. The name of a wood. A sm:.ll bell.

a lofty appearance, a certain fra-

Cban-yQh [ Chan-heang

grant wood. Chan-fang ] J£ a warehouse; a place

to store un goods.

175. High lofty; stiM higher.

176. A house or room for keeping sheep , a sheep cot Some use 181.

177. A cup made of chry-

supras stone.

178. A wine cup; or other vessel for containing wine. Used also for the preceding.

CHAN

179. An artificial Lank raited against water.

180. A theepcot; an in- cloiure in which to keep any domestic animal.

181. The attack of a bird of prey. Rapid flight.

1 88. The name of a plant.

183. A species of cat. A tiger having cajt its hair it called |f& 'ift Chan-

maou.

184. A certain insect va- riously denominated; one of its names is & | Ma- Chan. Vulgar name it J3| jjj^ Ma- chi5h. The horse insect peculiar to stables. Called also, Jj^ Bjj ] Helen ma than; and fjL jjjj<S Ma keuen, represented as a creeping worm-like insect, with numerous feet.

185. A cup for wine; probably a horn cup.

186. The name of a certain valley.

187. A military carriage; a carriage to sleep in.

denotes the same.

188. A small cup for con- taining wine or oil. Horn «ups were used for lamps; heiice Chan is the numeral of lamps. 3& '^ Y"ih chan ting, A lamp.

189. The name of a certain tree or wood.

190. A species of wheat.

191. Chan, or gfc &f

'J'N r^ I

Chan-gan, Irregular dis- torted teeth; the teeth appearing as if falling out.

192. From a military carriage and a battle axe. A carriage rent or cut

asunder; to cut asunder; to de- capitate; to kill. Chan denotes, Existing but for a short time, as an increase of military and weapons speedily decides any affair.

The light parts of the inflo- rescence of plants which fly off; hence to fade; to be forgotten; or the traces of the lost; to be tattered or in coarse fringes. In

O

the first sense it is applied to the actions, whether of good or bad men, which Mencius said were lost trace of in five generations. In the Utter sense, mourning garments for parents are called 1 Hp*" Chan- shwae.

Chan twaol^ jtijand $$ Chan

**-r I-*? I I ^j^

tsee, To cut off; to cut asunder.

Chan show ^ or j SH Chan

tow, To cutoffs person's head. Chanfi ] ££to subjugate. Chan tsuy ffi a capital wffence.

193. A lofty mountain, the view of whose summit is cut of, or lost in the clouds ; the lofty

pointed peak of a moun- tain ; or a mountain with an acuminated summit.

194. The feeling a- rising from being cut off from the good, or the virtue one wishes to per- form j a sense of failure, or defect ; shame ; to feel

to blush. JgE ||jlf Sew- IJJH Chan fcwei, or jjfa Kwei chan, all express the sense or feeling of shame. Often read Tsan.

195. Read Tseen, denotes Shallow. Read Chan, or Tsan; to ford a shallow

place.

196. The name of a demon, said to expel malig- nant influences: this character is commonly the last word at the foot of paper charms used by the Chinese.

197. Chan, or Chan-hoo, Name of an animal said to be like a m«nkey and of a white colour.

CHAN

13

198. A high rocky pre- cipitous mountain.

199. Chan or Tseen, To cut away weeds or plants that run into confusion.

200. Species of monkey. Same as 197.

^ |_s

|£ Shin, from ~j: [* Kan, Sweet, and

pC Pe'th, A pair. Pleasure; delight; * "

excett; hence the common accep- tation : Exceedingly; extremely; very.

»201. > Chan, or j|jl y?t Chan-jen, Great order and regularity, such as becomes human beings.

208. / Deep water-, an ap- pearance of depth, thickness ; weight; stillness; clearness, said of heaven and of heavy dew. Quiet; composure. The name of a river. V^ •& Ching chan, Clear ; pure. A surname. Read Tan, Pleasure; delight; excess. Read Chin, To sinkor immerse in water; to steep; to soak; to imbibe; to receive benefits. Head Yin, Long continued rain. Read tsin, To steep or im- merse in water; or wine. Dregs.

a£! Sun, originally written 5$ Sun, Things selected and placed on a "TT" Ac, or Stand. To prepare; to ar- range; to submit; to accord; to yield.

FART. II. £

203. ' Chan, Chen, or Chuen, To regulate; to form according to rule; to make; to dispose in order; to record; to correct; to put books in order. Read Seuen, To semi; to •elect. ifjj; ~? Seuen che, A species of grain so named from being well picked and examined. £4 1 Pihseuen, A species of pearl shell. U£ 1 Sew chan, Title of the first literary personage in the empire ; otherwise called jj^ T£ Chwang- yuen; he is called Sew-chan, in allu- sion to his putting in order the national records.

i- s Torccord; to make;

_J_OlCl

• -4-" to do • to prepare ; to adj ust.

Same as the preceding.

/Mr

Otherwise written JA. Tseuen. Read Tseuen, To give special instructions to the young; to exhibit to them the virtues of their ancestors.

205. v Chan, Cbuen, or Seuen, Boiled meat min- ced and mixed up with blood; after which it is reboiled. Sometimes rice is blended with it.

206. 'Food; victuals; to prepare and lay out food. Jit tgf Tsae chan, Vege- tables and meat; food generally. Read Seuen, Money or silver to the value of six leang, or taels.

207. Cv To produce, as from the ground by growth ; to send forth from the native

place, said also of persons. To bear, as the female of human, or other creatures; that which is produced ; an

estate; patrimony ; property ia house* or land. The occupation* of the people, in order to obtain • lire- lihood. A nautical iostrumeat of the reed kind. The name of a riTer;» surname, jj'J j Ch^(ik«n»TB>P"r-

chace an estate, jj&sf ^ Chaoui;*' r* - ^\. '

Property in houses or land. '^e( 1 K<-n chan, the property of a family. IvyT '^fc ] Hc'en kei chan. To give up all the property of a family as in the case of a bankrupt merchant, ^fi

destroy and losa one's patrimony.

/r^ 1 Fun chan, To divide • " I patrimony amongst all the children.

jfc j Too chan, The productions

of the soil, te Hang chau,

Constant occupation or employment.

j Sing chan, To bear a child.

208. O A pointed iron in- strument, as the coulter of a plough. To pierce; to

cut open.

209. x Chan, or |$| itfe" Kcen-chan, Circuitous win- ding intricacies amongst

hills and mountains.

,

810. t Perfect Tj-tueJ says, A company ; a j

211. Demerit; of hand. to take or select with the hand. Dcxtrously ; skilfu lly

212. The name of a stream of water mentioned in history. x/cg Chan-

chan, A numerous appearance. One says, The appearance of shedding tears.

CHAN

9 IS. Tame or domesticated animals

214 £ rising of the skin.

fSf Hj|Pechan, A blister. £xV J»££

AQ instrument for levelling wood ; a plane. To level ; to plane.

A_

815. To ride without sad- dle or bridle.

916. An iron utensil for smoothing or planing wood ; a plane ; to cut or pare away, and remove irregularties ; to level.

217. Same as the preceding.

818. The teeth of « child; the teeth which are first produced.

819. Rice which has been pounded once in order to remove the husk. .

Seen or Tieen, Mountain jcal- lions or leeJcs. WM leeks. Small; minute.

iJ

^ 220. ' Chan, Tsan, Chin, or

Tsio, To repent i to feel

i-M» i • contrition. 'Jpj 'Bjji Chan

, To repent and -reform.

221. «- Hwj8| Leen-chan, A particular kind of soup made of pig's guts, pepper, mustard, and vinegar.

.222. «• Sour ; a sour taste.

223. t Sheep in a cot or fold. The upper part of the character denotes a house or shed; to lead or go before^ as sheep follow the leader.

224. C. To cut even i to cut to pieces and adjust.

225. ' To stick into.

V 226; Chan or Chin, Be- tween two pillars; to adjust; to put to rights.

2*T. O An utensil for broil- ing or roasting meat, by applying it to the fire.

i j 288^ ' The seam of a gar,

•fc |j*» meat ; a rent seam ; a seam

^^ opened ; to open as a scam.

229. ' To impede; to cause to delay; to hinder. Same sense as H^ 'Hjl Tan- woo, To sell not at the real price; to impede another person's affairs by underselling him; to gain profit by trading. ^|| ^j Chan- tsecn, To make a profit. ;^ /£J

4;Si 1 We vew tseen chan, There S£Xi I

is no profit to be made.

230. Common form of the tho preceding, in Canton.

231. ' The seam ef a gar- ment opened or slit. ;^j|j i£f Poo chan, To mend a

rent seam. Read Tan, in the same sense.

232. ' To stand up; to stand erect. Astopping; standing. or remaining still; a stage

of a journey.

Chan ke lae jfe j|E ^ stand up. •jfo ~t ftff | Te fang nan chan, A place difficult to stand or remain in, either from the character of friends or acquaintances; of superiors, or from the nature of the service.

-4 • J Stoh yih chan, Eleven

stages. |lp I Yih chan, A stage of the government express.

833. Salt taste; very salt.

CHANG

15

CHANG. — VIIITH SYLLABLE.

Manuscript Dictionaries, Chang, and Tchang. Canton Dialect, Chrong.

~Y^1

234. From Yin, Sound, and-f-Shih. Ten; a per- fect number ; a piece of music completed; a piece of music variegated. -i§- "Sr Tsing chih, Azure with carnation colours are called JJ£ Win. ^ ^ Cblh pih, Carnation with white are called 7|? Chang. y£ | WJn-chang, Elegant literary composition ; prize essays.

ftp ^ Tsi3 win <*anS» To write a prize essay. 1 Chang,

or j-JL Peen chang, A section ; a chapter. jfc f$ [ Pub. ching chang, To leave a statement, an estay, or an affair unfinished.

A clause of an; arrangement. • ^j: Chang-clung, A statement of re- gulations. ^ 1 Ta chang, The great rules laid down by ancestors, the name of an ancisut piece of music. |3- | Hwang chang, Imperial laws and regulations. ^[J | Fan-chang, To violate the laws of the empire. ^£ i Peaou chang, or ppfe j Tsow chang, A luminous statement presented to the Emperor. Chang, Luminous; clear. A numeral of forest trees. The name of a place ; of *n official situation. Jt j shan§

chang, The year under certain circumstances, jflj Yin chang, A leal. A period of nineteen yean in reference to the moon; the golden number is called Chang, or ' j*|\ Chang poo. ^ Chang-poo,

A certain ancient cap. The name of various palaces; the name of a country. Occurs used for 237, 242, 944, and 246.

235. 'pjj <]J| Chang-

hwang, The external ap- pearance of alarm or fright.

936. To stop up; to separate by something intervening.

237. The epithet by which a wife designates the father or mother of her husband.

Pae ko° cnans-— Ko&-

chang denotes a husband's mother. — To make obeisance to the parents of ahusband. In this sense 234 occurs. P I Heung chang, A husband's brother. 235 occurs in the same sense.

238. Same as jfij» Chang.

239. A nigh »nd dan- gerous mountain. j|p fij^ Fung-ehang, jl| | Shan- ebang, A high precipitous moun- tain forming a kind of tereen. tit 1 Tiing chang, A verdant hill

_ -. _ . ^y * 240. From Cbing, Tane-

/ gated i and Shang, Hair or ' feat hers i beraoie the colour and beauty of quadrupeds and birdi consist in their hair and feather*. Elegant composition. Luminously exhibited. To manifest; to exhibit.

A manifest display of the tuprr- intendance of Heaven in rewarding or punishing.

241. g f| Chang hwaag. hurry and perturbation ia walking; an irregular hur- ried f tep.

Jf |r •§

««. ^ fg Clung-

Hwang, Atarm of mind,

apprehension , feu.

243. The light of the Tp-| setting sun rUinjf higher ~^" and higher on an object Clear, bright. Same as ?34

16

CHANG

* y=f shoo ; j ^t Chang mah ; ^§i | Heang chang, The Camphor tree; it grow* very large at ^j />E Sin-kin Keen, in the Pro- vince of Keang-se. 5® I Yu Chang, are two species of camphor tree, which must grow together seven years before they can be separated. The name ofa distrct in Keang-se, so called from the trees which grow at it. A small camphor tree is called ] Kow-chang.

Chang naou J Hg camphor. Borneo camphor is called ^ t|~ Ping-peen.

• ••

245. The name ofa stream of water in the north; the name of a district.

vH

246. Same as ||| Chang.

'

1_ 247. A kind of sceptre made of chrysopras stone ; a play thing for a child. The

• W ' t-

birth of a boy is expressed by 3§ pa Lung chang ; of agirlby ^rr Jf Lung-wa.

248. Chang, or Jj Chang-le, A distemper caus- ed by pestilential vapours issuing from deep vallies or caverns, it is called a hot or feverish disease. •0J" Chang-moo, Mother of the Chang disease; is an expression applied to a strange appearance seen on the •outh of the Mei-ling mountain. At first it i.s the size of an e«s-

no •

increases to a circle like a wheel, and

spreads wider and wider till it in- fects the whole neighbourhood. An unwholesome atmosphere is called ^ Yen-chang, and j ^ Chang-ke.

249. \arne of a certain plant.

250. To walk ; to go.

.

251. Chow-chang, jlnl 1

| •^-*! I

Remote, wide, rague.

"

252. The name of a place.

"

253. A separating dike; • to divide ; to separate by

a dike. ffi P| Paou- chang, A dike or mound raised for a fence ; important and dangerous places. ^ 1 Poo-chang, A place covered over as a walk.

254. Chang-ne, Sa yfi? Certain ornamental work on a saddle.

255. A certain description of horse.

256. Chang, or gl2 W? Chang-ken, A certain water fowl.

257. A small species of deer; said lobe a very pretty animal.

258. t Long, in respect of sp-.ce or time; senior, aged ; greater ; in a more elevated rank; constant; skilled. (') To increase J by growth; to extend. The name of a star ; of a palace ; of a place; of a hill; of an animal; ofa plant. A surname , name of a spirit or divinity. Chang ke keaou gaou -fe jiL "jj: 'fW

To nourish his pride. Chang keang ] ^ the os coccygis.

Chang kew J /f^ a great length of

time.

Chang kwang 1 ;££ crazy kind of . conduct. Chang le 1 JJ5 a superior officer

Chang pei 1 j!r superiors.

Chang ping I fr long weapons ;

mow, ko, keih, The bow, the single pointed spear, the hooked lance, the spear with a central and a diverging point, the spear with a central, and two diverging points. Chang-shS loo te ming | ^t •£&

jQ & Chang-sLo, name of a place in the state Loo; the birth place of Confucius. Chang ting 1 T~ along form or stool.

Chang twan & -w^ long and short.

Chang urn sow sbang yuS hoo 1 jjfrj 4S? p p^ Sjj^ long and lean in the upper part (of the vessel) is called Hoo.

Chapg seaou Icang kew -Ig. BjH' gf «**C /iln ^\~

iK to whistle aloud for a long time.

J ».

.

Chang wo Icang suy

two years older than 1 am.

CHANG

CHANT,

CHANG

17

Chang-pih-shan J Q jji mountain on the south of Man-chow TartarT, near the frontier of Core i.

Chang-iha ] ^ the capital of Hoo- nan Province.

Chang yKh shin yew pwan | — • ^ /£f QL one half longer than one'i kody — applied to night clothes.

Chang yv.en | £y" remote, distant.

Chang yew | $1) old and young. £j£ I Kea chang, The senior of a family. [rjjjj J Sze chang, A teacher. W1 I Tsun chang, A person in a more honorable place. pi -^ I Pih fbo chang, The principal man of a hundred; the commander of a hundred men. 4a( J Ho chang, is applied to the Mates or Officers of Merchant vessels, ^fc , j Sang chang, To grow; applied to animals or plants. 5g I Tang chang, or inverted, Chang-yang, To bring up; to nourish; to educate; to cause to grow. ^ Shaou

chang, A little older.

559. Madly ; blindly ; to fall down.

Chang-hSng 'ffe 'JVE careless. Chang kwang 1 ££ crazy kind of behaviour.

Chang kwei ,] & the manes of a man who has been devoured by a tiger; a kind of vampire.

560. From To extend and a Napkin, or piece of cloth. A curtain; a cloth spread

out. To spread out; obscurely. *jji

! Win chang, Mosquito curtains, it r

|l|l ] Wl'' riving ; j 3- Chang tszc ; j _^J. Chang in;;. Any cur- tain. Jf^r Chang fang, A tent, used lilerally and figuratively fur

one's place of abode. ^Dt \ <s|,g \\X* )

chang, To pitch one's tent ; to officiate as a teacher. yK ViV

tkli />Li I |

HwSn-hwin chang-chang, In a con- fused indistinct obscure manner. I M^T Chang poo, An account book. Some erroneously use ^K for the second character. _tj'i Swan chang, To reckon np; to rslimate; to state and discuss UK: reasons of. ~f\ I Ta chang, To estimate the weight or force of reasons ; to calculate accounts. ~>jjjfl | Jinchang, Toacknowledge a debt, or the justness of a claim, jj^r

Show-chang, To receive a debt.

*f I 3 Chang muh, A bill or account.

I Kae chang, To make out an account. ^£ | Wan chang, To icttle an account.

261. From To extend and a Bow, To draw the string of a bow, or an instrument; to stretch out ; to hang up and spread out; tolay out. To boast; to place; to state, or draw out an account or list of things; a numeral of tables, beds, and such things as imply the idea of spreading out. The name of an animal, and of a star. A surname. In composition it sometimes means, The mind stretched out, or distracted. Used for 260. 1 ^ Chang been, To draw the string of a bow. Kg I Kae chang, To open, to spread j Choo-chang, To lord

out.

the spreading out, In

opinion or plan : In dn

1 [ •wWVtiang; T.I vtr.-M, :irrrlain

kind ofbow wilh tlie ft-i-t. ! Clmng linj;. To Innd up and lampi or lanterns. ' I C

M"f k

chang,Wildly,strang.-lv.prrcip,'

J Kwae chang, rnrrn.mably,

kow tachuen, Gaped- and panted

exceedingly.

To open or spread outan nmhrrll.i

268. The appearance of a hillock of sand 'rising up.

S83. Water extending itself or rising .higher; to over- •^C ttow, an inundation; the name of a southern tea. ^ ^ Chanfyih, To overflow; to inundate.

J64.' A disease which con- >K* Tti sists in a swelling out of the pacts, as in dropsy.

- 265. Chang-le ^

name of an 'n>ect ' wise called J^J |^

yen, it is represented with long and numerous feet.

266. Feeling of regret and disappointment. ^fc ^^ Chang-wang, or -^ ] Wang-chang, To wait and expect, with the unpleasant fit-rings arising from delay. 'H/,) | Chow-chani^, Grievud and disappointed.

267. Same ai S63.

18

CHANG

268. A swelling of the abdomen. Same as 264.

269. To stretch the to 'tire with vexation and disappointment

270. ' To rub ; to grind ; to stop up.

271. Rice for food. A local word, the same as ^jj Leang.

272. A swelling, of the abdomen, from an nC«u- rmi'ation of water, or otl.er causes; the same is expressed by ||jl Too-chang;]^ | Ffih-cl.arg; I Loo-cba; g. yjjr ] Koo- chang, Swelled like a drum, fiji? • 1 Keae charg, or ypj j Senou chang, To all.-.y or mit'gate a swell- ing, -fa 1 Shwfiy charg, A swell- ing from water. ^ Chung cliang, A general swellirg. Ijjjjj j Heu chang, Swelling from weakness «f constitution.

t7S. The name of a plant or tre?. A surname, "g" SS Ch:mg t-ioo, A certain

tree, fe j Woo chang, The name

of a country.

274. A certain insect. Same as 265.

275. Wild; irregular. |p ^ Chow-chang, Irregular,

precipitate manner, ai if

crazed. | fy Chang-tun, A care- ICM, loose, hasty manner.

276. Used commonly for |{jj| Chang, in those senses which

^> refer to accounts; as llw ^ Chang mtth, An account of money

owing. Fee 860. This character is not found in Chinese Dictionaries.

277. Sharp; a keen edg", or sharp noiiit. A mail's name.

278. t Pkin str tched out; covering; or, as it is ex- pressed in Chinese, Clothing

for a bow.

279. A leather covering for a bow ; a box in vhich to contain a bow ; which is

usually kept warm.

280. Meat spread out; a baiti which is also expressed by wj| 6g Chang-hwang.

281 . The sound of a drum.

282. tThe light of the rising sun. Elegant; beau- tiful. Suitable; abundant; affluent Increasing in strength, affluence and splendour, applied to nations.

Ckmg-ming ^ fljij bright, splendid.

Chang-shing j J^ efTulgent and

affluent. ^ \ Wang-chang, The

name of a star or deity. Chang it

used for ife^ Wuh, A thing.

k ^| 283. 0 A splendid shewy A _Z^ person ; a singing girl. To | I--/ harmonize, or accord with.

A seducer ; a leader. Uiod for 284

and 285. Chang-yew <f^ yjjk entertainments of

singii'g and pl.iying; theatrical a-

musements. Players; si,.ging girls,

prostitutes. Chang >u ho yu | ^ ^ ^ do

you sing, and I will respond to you.

(She-king.)

Teen-hca chang ^ ~p I the leaJer, first or h_-a;l of the empire; the Sovereign.

Ching Iwa^ S^ to lead or head

an insurrection.

Chang suy ] ggor | |f] Chang.

ho, To lead and to follow ;— applied

to hv.sYind and wife. Chang tow \ B^a nead or leader. Chang kwang J |£ irregular vicious

conduct.

284. t To utter the roice. To recite; losing.

Chang ko jlH 5fr or reversed, Ko-

chai g, To sing graver songs. Kaou chai g ^ j to sing aloud. Chang he IH) to recite plays.

Chang le ||[y to give the word at great sacrifices for the performance of the several prostrations and so on. The master of ceremonies is culled Jill1 ^ Le-sing.

Chang keuh t<ze |tl} -T- te

sing light songs.

Chang jS Pp ^ a salutation per-

CHANG

19

formed by raising the folded hands as high as the face, and letting them fall again. It is otherwise called •^ jjjr Chang yih.

285. A strumpet ; a pros- titute ; a whore. Otherwise expressed by ^ ^ Chang-

;-ncu ; Igj^ -jp- Peaou- tsze; and j fc. Chang-foo.

S86. c Garments thrown loosely about one; without I'f being bound by a sa .li or girdle.

287. t- Chang-, or "jpR Jjf Cha:-g war, The stones or other ornaments attached to

the ears by barbarians ; otherwise

called JR. J'fr Urn-tang.

288. t-Thc husk ofpaddyj chaff.

289. A water plant; a kind of sedge. Otherwise called ijfH Chang-poo, and 3|E ^jj|| Q Chuy keen tsaou, Acorns Calumus, or the hanging (word plant, which is popularly thought extremely efficacious in cutting off various demonical in- fluences, and expelling bugs. On the 5th of the 5th moon, it is stuck up in great abundance at the doors of houses.

290. A certain small shell fish; a cockle.

291. Garment* loosely thrown about one. Same a« 286.

^"r 292. To sing. Pamea?284.

S3 [— / A mai/4 name.

palace ; the name of a modern city gale in Keang-

nan.

Chang-k8 R|j mme of a wind said to arise in the west. Thegite of heaven, said to be kept by the

RH I — r

a iic :c.it warrior KSl jr" -I- Kwan- lyrJ / ^ J

foo-tsze.

894. A designation of a hone.

bird.

296. The sediment of a natural salt.

297. Ancient form of 284. 00 |^ To sing ; to play.

f^j Shang,from/\ Pit, To be separated from, anrfjpj Hcong, Towards. To be slightly different from; nearly about, to add to; to adorn, or gloss over. To like; to love ; to esteem ; to honor. That which the mind desires hopes or expects. That which is loved, valued, or esteemed. The chiefs the principal. £pilhet of things per-

taining to the Emperor. To rult i K> direct great affairs.

298. t To »top suddenly ( the appearance of doing w.

Chang-jen rhe 4jg ^ Jj^- slopped suild.nly. More frequently read

Tang.

JUiscoi.c rk-d, di*:i| pointed j irrc-olule; afTccting a kind

of extravrg:irre, and desperation.

Soniethi: g of the sci sc ol ?Jh jfi|J

Pae-hwuy, Driven hither and tbilhtr ;

irresolute.

SCO. O Chang, or Ch:ing-hwang,Dis;ipp(iinteds disconcerted, and displeased.

301. C Level, elevated land from which a distant \irw is had. Open ; |il.iin; fully disclosed; manifest; d. S Sv JW Kaou chang te, Elcva'ec', sp rioin, level region; in Cintr.. distinction from Narrow, irregular, ai.d cramp- ed position; applied figuratively to circumstances. L. Chang

warg, Destitute of room and ease t crannied; disconcerted.

302. *• Wide: roomy; liberal, as SOI.

303. / Or Chwang, An open shed; a roof without sur- rounding walls; such erec- tions are common at mine* shore

20

rii.vxc

CHANT.

CHANG

sround, and at other places where mtrks art carried on, as Yin-chang, Erections for work« at silver mine*. J^ \ Mri- chang, A colliery, f^ | Seaou- chang, Salt-pelre works. ^ jtj^ | Lew-hwang-chang, Sulphur sheds, where sulphur it prepared.

304. ' Alarmed; appre- hensive; frightened appear- ance. Abbreviated by tlic

character 300.

305. The feathers of a certain bird called & Tsew.

| Tseaau-cbang, The feathers of a little bird said to be •woven ii)to garments.

306. C. Same as the preceding.

307. To sit- cress-legged, in the manner of'the priests of Bmldah:

308. / A certain

309. To rub. One says, A piece of iron surrounding the rim of a wheel.

». 310. «- Fromrjja Snang, To manifest or di-plav. and ft]

Kin, A piece of cloth. Gar- ments which, a/e aluiayi displayed ; hence used also for ^§?J Chang, The lower garments.— Constant; usual; common ; constantly ; frequently ;

in the habit of. Five rirturs which ounht tu be uiTuiiably practiced, are called the Five Chang. The name of a divinity ; of a district ; of a hill ; of astreara; of a banner; ef a spear or lance. A surname; a measure of sixteen cubits. 'sfc Chang-

changs [}^ I She chang; Com- monly ; constantly ; always, it Fei chang Unusual, extraordinary. Chaou chang, According to what is usuaL. 2E j Ping- chang ; 5^1 | Sin or Tsin chang, and j^ Yung-chang, All ex- press Common •, ordinary, applied to persons or. thing. ^J[ King- chang, Regular; constant usages.

flB C.hang-fQh, One's ordinary

.

dress, not full dress. %St I J&ff xJ* g/A

Kea-chang fan, A family dinner. [ /fT Chang sang, Continual ; never-ending, eternal life. {

jin, c, le, che, sin, The five constant virtues, Benevolence, justice,, de- corum, knowledge, and truth.

!».

Ifit Ke-chang, A banner with the sun and moon depicted on it, given by the Emperor as the reward of splendid deeds. j& ]. Fung- chang, He who bears the banner.

311: Chang-go

A celebrated ' goddess in the

palace of the moon. -ftpj

Wug, is also used for the first

syllable.

w|>

318. Used for 310, in reference to the Five virtues.

313. 'The palm ofthe hand, the sole of an animal's foot, called by Hie Chinese, The middle, and the heart of the hand; the root of the fingers. To grasp with the hand. To rule; to conlroul. a surname. t|> 'Jj= C:he-chang, or -i \f ai Shttiiy-che, or B^ -S- Ma-hwang, A leech. Ahfe 1 Yang chang, To lose one'i ease and self- controul; perturbed; disconcerted. J)3x | Chih chang, The controul which belongs to one's office. I Jffl Chang-Ic, rt 1 Choo-

f • • — !_-• I

char.g, 'p^ Chang- kwan, To-

rule ;. to manage. J5fr Chang-

keaou, To rule and teach; applied to tutors. "ft~f ,/jjt _« Td 1 Ta ta yih pa chang, Give him a slap with the hand. ~m\ ^K gft &y* Joo she choo chang hoo, Easy, as pointing out any thing on th« palm of the hand. H b. ^K- ^M?

1 1 > \ I X X XJ»

Heung chang mei wei, The sole of

a wild boar's foot, has a sweet smell.

rb Chang cluing, In the palm

of the hand. _}^ Chang shang,

On the palm of the hand, ^j ^P-

1 Kan show chanj, To practice

palmistry.

314. t The na»e of a plant ,

115. A certain Taluablcslone.

316. t Chang, or Shsng, To screen or fend off; the gar- ments for the lower p»rt of.

CHANG

CHAM;

the body; a petticoat j otherwise tailed ^a" Keun or 1|f KeUn. Vest- ments for the upper part of the body are called ^fc E. ~Jfj^ Is* E-chang, Garments generally; clothes of any kind. Jf£ -fa ] Chuen e chang, To put on clothes.

317. CFrom Che, The will, and Chang, To manifest. YJ^-f To taste ; to try ; to essay. Having already done. The name of a certain sacrifice; a surname.

Kow chang che PJ '^j* ^ taste it with the mouth.

Chang-yfh-seay j — — &• taste a little.

I -1

take

Chang-yih-chang

a taste. She chang Sj|H 1 try.

~£^ E tsth chang che, When you

doubt or have suspicion, try it.

;jj^ ] We chang, Not yet; not

occured heretofore.

^ 318. t Chang, or iala |& Chang-yang, A flying fish,

^ ^f said to have a head re- sembling a swallow. Also called in I Yang-hwang-

the north kee.

319. 'To pay the value of; to recompence; to pay for ; to make amends ^- ft

Sha jin chang ming, He who kills a man must pay or forfeit his life. ^ ]£fy ,^ Yew kung tang chang, He who has merit should be recompensed, jtj^ Teen chang ; ^ j Te chang, To pay or forfeit; generally applied to

SJ

the life. fc ffi ] Dg K,-:,n chae, rliang tseen, He who owes a debt, must pay the money.

320. t Same as the following.

331. tflie name of a bird.

322. x A surname. In its other senses read Tang.

3? 3. Yang, From Day, One, and Sudden, To fly and spread abroadl ike the light emanat- '"g from the rising gun. Light. Strong; increasing; multitudinous. Spread, opened or laid out. The tecotid form is usual tut not correct.

324. t. A piece of ground laid out and appropriated to some particular pur- pose. An arena on which to perform the rites of sacrifice; on which to gather in the grain; to perform literary exercises, or military con- tests ; to execute capital punish- ments; on which to consecrate priests ; for gaming ; and for the concourse of reptiles or insects. \umeral of affairs; circumstances; a particular period of life. Time, state or class of persons. ^CJfcjp- Ho chang, Place where grain is collected. ^3- I Ko chang, Place of public literary examinations. \f£ I Fi

chang, Place of execution. J^ Too chang, A place fur gamin;; /]/ ^£ 1 Miaou nceti chang, The focicty of the young. — ' />,'• Yih chang mung, A Visionary state; a dream: laid of tea in allusion to life.

325. C A kind of ttonr sceptre, otherwise called rJrKwc i, in li.-i.gth a cubit

and two tenths.

326. E- The parts which, tlie Chinese say', give expansion to the subtle fluids of the

stomach ; the intestines ; the bowcN ; the seat of the affections ; thu name of a plant; and joined with other characters, forms several proper names. -^ DETachuiig, The great intestines leading to the anus. /j\ [ Scaou chang, The small in- testines; i. e. the urinary ducts.

<& 1 S'" chang- A fr. towards, a liking or disposition for. -£• j Yang-chang, N'ame of the side of a hill. ^HF. | \Voo-chang, Name of a country. Jl'j I chang, Name of an animnl. (\\

,,.! I

Yu-chang, Name of a sword. «p I Hwang chang, Name of a coffin.

327. t' The c.vci Hence, good, or Inppiness which exists within, passing to the out- side; expanding, pervading; to permeate; pcrmeant ; spreading all around. Filling; to fill; ex- pansion of th'- animal spirits, content- iiK-nt ; joy; hilarity. A surname, the full moon ; on a certain occasion

CHANG

the lllh moon. Applied to the playing of some songs, from their exhilarating effect. J§ $% $- <4M« Tnnsj chang yu wae, To per- meate, extending to the outside. ^ Mei cliang, Excellent ; plea- sing; agreeable. I jj^ Chang »uy, According with one's wishes, plea- sing. '£Jj | Kwae-chang, Feeling delight; delightful, j ft Chang yue'.Tbe llth moon. ) JA" Chang chung, To pervade; to fill. r-fc 328. C: Land extensively spread, but unfertile; ex- pansive ; permeant. Said to be the proper form of the preceding.

- 329. 0 rlants or herbage ex-

panding; luxuriant.

1-, 1 330. I The seal character ^F represents a hand grasp-

' ^^- ) ing Ten. A measure of ten cubit? length. A slafF. £ -^ Chang- leang, To measure. An epithet applied to old persons. jfi£ Chang-foo, A husband. -£jf Yd chang, A wife's father. J^

Chang-jin, or ^ j Laou chaug, Term of respect to a wifi 's father, or any old person. -fa ^ Ta chaag foo, A great irau. ~}j j Fang chang, A temple or monastry of Fuh ; the head of a monastry. life Han-chang, The chair of a teacher. The vulgar form is with a dot.

Chang lenng ti'en mow, j i to measure land.

ffl

1 331. t ' Generic term for wea- Jt^~ pons; such as the sword,

\' ^^ spear, and Lmce. w£- "O^ Ping chang, ^ | Kechang.Military weapons. ?J0 ] Tsae-chang, Orna- mented weapons. Jj Tachang, To fight. /j|s \ E-chang, The im- perial guard. H| i ?tth chang, Crosier used by a priest.

[C] To rely, or depend on. ^ ] E chang, y^fe ] Ping-chang, To lean against, to depend on. ffl ] Yang ch.ing, To look up to for support. Occurs denoting A path or way. Used for 332.

338. To hurt ; to wound .

333. That which is grasped ;

to support one in walking;

a staff ; a cudgel or blud- geon; the stem or wooden part of alance. ['] To hold in the hand; to lean upon, to beat with a stick or bludgeon ; to beat with the bamboo ; a Chinese punishment. iK Kwae-chang, A stick, orstaff. Kwae is a short stick ; Chang, a long staff that reaches above ore's head. &£ ] Oie-chang, To beat or flog with the bamboo. ] — ^' Chang ylh- plb, To flog with a hundred blows, j^ ] Hoo-chang, A plant j ^ Chang-chay, An old mm ,— at 50

years of age, he may use* staff in the house; at 60 i.i the village; at 70 in his native princedom , and at 80 in the palace of the Emperoc.

334. Disease.

335. t Chang or Tsang, From 'ph Shih, To eat and Pi Hwuy, An enclosure.

A square building in which to store up grain. A granary. See Tsang, Haste, hurry.

336. t Chang or Chwang, The heart perturbed. /||j£ 'h& Tse-chang, 1'erturbation

of mind ; painful feeling ; grief.

*MH Chang-hwang, Disappointment,

vexation.

337 «- To hurt j to wound. A wound ; a sore.

338. C. A wooden lance point- ed and hardened by fire. Used by peasantry against banditti.

339. (i The name of a fra- grant plant, which is blended with black millet and fer- mented.to form a species of wine used in sacrifice, jj^ 1^ Kcu-chang, Black millet and the plant Chang, An odoriferous wine used to invoke and cause a descent of the gods. Used for 327. 1 f$ Chang-mow, Lux- uriant.

CHAOU

CHAOU. — IXT" SYLLABLE.

A broad, the three rowels coalescing ; no similar sound in English. Manuscript Dictionarief , Chto. Canton Dialect,

Chew, ew as in Tew.

340. ' To call upon with au- thority ; to summon ; to cite to appear , to invoke. ~^L Chaou keen, To summon to an interview, as is frequently done by the Emperor. Another person's invi- tation i» called |j| j Chung- chaou, A gracious summons. -^ ^f- Foo chaou tsze, A father summons his son.

Chaou tilae /j3 fy ^call him here.

Cbaou chin I K[ summons his mini- sters to attend.

Chaou pah taou X\ ^|] not to appear on being summoned.

341. To call aman. j ^ Chaou muh, To walk in or- der. To place people in proper order. Chaou denotes a father; and ^ Muh, A son. J]Q Chaou is used in the same sense.

342. I From Chaou, To in- yoke, and S P;"ih, To divine. To enquire by divi-

nation.

343. Calling to in a hoarse guttural manner.

344. A female name.

345. A pool of water ; a pond. One says, A pool with a winding margin. A

piece of ground appearing in a pond ; an island.

346. The same as 347. To call one's self.

347. A certain kind of bow. The elastic flying back of a bow after the arrow shoots

from it. ^ J Ta chaou, A large bow.

348. From To call, and A hand. To call and make a signal of invitation at the

same time; to invite with the hand; to beckon ; to induce to come by proclamation. Hand-bill or sign board. To entreat ; to entangle ; to t-ke crime to one's self; to confess. To assume ; to excite ; to raise. A

surname.

1 Show chaou,

To beckon with the hand. Chaou-chaou-chow-tsze' J ] to hail a boatman.

Chaou gan 1 $jr to issue proclama- tions to soothe the people, or invite insurgents to submit.

B

Chaou hi-en ^ to invite good

people to come forward. Chaou jay | ^ to provoke. |

& Chaou yaou, To shake, to excite. Chaou kaou j $j to invite the peo-

ple to accuse suspected officers. Chaou lang juh shay |

inviting a bride to enter a cottage. Chaou mooping

soldiers, or ]

It t»

chaou tiiea hea, To call the whole empire. Chaou shang | j§j to invite people to come forward to engage in the mercantile concerns of govern^

meat.

a hand bill or pla-

Chaou pae, A sign

| jjfp ; or ]

Cnaou

Chaou tc'S ]

card.

board. Chaou tsuy

jin, To confess some crime. jrj I Tsze chaou, To bring upon one's

self Chaou ho | ||^ to bring some cila-

mity on one's self; which is also ex-

pressed by j Chaou

tsae Iwi ho.

CI1AOU

CHAOU

S49. ' The splendour of the lun | bright ; iplendid ; light ; manifest t manifested ; refulgent

Chaou mfih []# ^ the display of order, as between father and son; far off and near at hand ; old and young ; nearly and distantly related. Cbaou is HH Ming, Luminous ; and Mflh, denotes ^ Tsze, Order. Chaou is the higher place, on the left side, or towards the south ; Mflh, is the right side, or towards the north. I E&£ Chaou-soo, The manifes- tation of Spring, by the flight and noise of various insects. An ab- breviation of the following.

350. 'The light of fire reaching to; light illu mining by falling upon an object ; to illumine; to extend care and su- pcrintendance to ; to ac- "^ J cord with former acts, usages or precedents ; like ; according to ; the same as. 3$f 00 Poo chaou, To illumine every place, ^t Kung chaou, To surround with light and splendour, ilf I Ho chaou, Firelight. JjJ ft ^J'hy»e

chaou lin, The light of the sun and moon descending or reaching to. |p Ching chaou, Light falling at right angles. J3 ] Fan chaou, Reflected light. 1 |ft| Chaou ying, | ^pj Chaou koo, To pay atten- tion and regard to, for the purpose of asiistiuj. | fjjf Chaou kwan, J

leaou, To oversee ; to manage and direct affairs.

Cbaou chang j *H* The same as

as usual, Sin chaou J|^> 1 To regard or pay

attention to with the heart or mind.

Chaou kcw ] ^ The same as

formerly. Chaou le pan le J ^ijj |M $i] to

act or manage agreeably to standing

regulations.

Chaou peth ' ^' a wall opposite the gates of government offices.

Chaou soo * 3& according to the number.

Chaou swan 1 1j[. according to the 1 -r\~

calculation or reckoning to be made. Chaou tsze | j|£ according to this.

Chaou yang I ;tjj| the same as a

pattern. Chaou joo teenjih 1 -flft Jc PI

as manifest as the sun in the

heavens.

351. The appearance of a tree agitated; a target to shoot at. A bathing seat

or conch.

352. The light of fire; to illumine by fire. Light; mental discernment A sur- name. Same as 350

353. Another name f Clnrang, A bed, or couch.

354. The thin membrane which covers flesh below the external skin.

355. A certain vessel.

356. <S To make signs, in sport, to a person with the eye. To wink; to ogle j to play with the eye.

357. C The name of a person.

358. Also read Teaou, A broom ; to sweep.

359. ' To declare; announce, or proclaim to ; a Royal or Imperial declaration, or proclamation. To teach; to instruct; to promulge to the whole empire. 'f^P I Tae-chaou, Name of a cer- tain office in the Han-Iin Co'1 je. Name of a certain Barbarian king. j!j|| ^ ~~JC Pan-chaou teen

he a, To promulge the Imperial will to the whole Empire. A [j* ~7"

n ^ s: m i % z

Jingan, puh ke.nsze e, tsth chaou kaou die, If a man does not perceive what is proper in any affair, then instruct him. Chaou-che JS or ~mh ] chlh-

• i — ' /TJ^ i

chaou, or j*j | Tan-chaou, An official and public declaration of the Emperor's will ; an imperial pro- clamation addressed to his ministers and people. P3 j GSn-chaou, A gracious declaration of the Im- perial will, as, a general pardon.

CHAOU

25

360. To step lightly; to

tr'P i to steP over > to 'eaP over; to precede; to sur-

pass,- to excel ; to raise to a higher state of intellectual or spiritual ex- cellence ; to raise from purgatory to the region of the blessed. A sur- name.

Chaou chBj|9 j^_ personal accom-

plishments or talents, surpassing

others. Chaou keun | to excel the or-

dinary class of men in talents or

virtue.

Chaou sing 1 Jraj supernatural. Chaou too I \$? to raise from a

state of suffering, departed spirits. Chaou yu5 | jj|| to raise or pro-

mote over the heads of others.

%# Chaou pa ; 1 ^f chaou shinS '

and 1 J^ Chaou keu, all express

a similar idea.

j, j2U

rf^! 461. A large sickle or scythe.

362. A cool breeze; a

I"71

|X;j breeze when the air is pure and clear.

363. Name of a horse.

7 Shaou, 364. Few in number; to derogate ; to disparage ; to lets- en a person or thing ; to abuse. Toflatter and compliment a person it expressed by itt opposite £%+ \/ To che, To much him ; to in- ereate-him — as to good qualities. It also denotes Young, holding a second place, and so on.

TART II. II

o/j;

365. (Read Meaou. The

&

hoarse voice of a certain wild fowl. Read Chaou, Clamour ; to wrangle. iQ pA> Seang chaou, Mutual wrangling. Chaou jang J 4J| Or Chaou-naou | PU to make a clamorous di>tur- banccj to clamour. XpT ^B I Ho tangchaou-naou, what a wrang- ling noise and bother!

L366. To take ; to take by '•O force; to take or stir as

with a spoon. To seize a person's effects by au order of government. To transcribe, or copy a paper. A surname. yU zj^i Chaou seay, or ^ Chaou ting, To

transcribe any paper or book. ra Cbaou-pih, To make a fair copy of any original official docu- ment, j jj; ^ Chaou ching tsze, To copy out in the plaiu hand. 1 -JJJZ. Chaou kea, or ^jjp [ Cha chaou, and Cha chaou, |j£ jgjj Kea chan, all express Searching a person's house ; and taking possession of the property by order of government. Same as $0 Chaou.

Chaou-tsze J?fa jjgt copy of an official letter from one officer of rank to another.

367. t- To fry j to roast in a pan with a small portion of water, lard, or liquor.

368. « To till or plough the ground.

369. An instrument of husbandry, to plough and rcplough the ground

370. A boat reitleii or agitated on the surface of the wat<T. « Jt

371. -To make a disturbance, a tumult. Light; volatile , slender waisted ; artful A name. Same as 365, in the phrase Chaou-nauu.

372. A horn spoon.

373. - To take ; to seize by order of government; tn transcribe ; to copy. Same

1MU F*H Chaou iTlO

kwan, A sealed document, or official receipt given by an officer of Govern- ment for articles received. A kind of paper money or bank note em- ployed by government, uader the dynasty Sung, in the reign of &j (8? Shaou-hing, (A. D. 1170); value from one to five thousand cash were called •^ I Ta chaou ; and from one to to seven hundred, were called A\ I Seaou chaou. Offices were appointed every were to receive and give them out. They were to be renewed within seven years, and fifteen cash for every thousand was deducted for the expence of making the notes ; a general name for them was ^jJ£ j Tseen-chaou ; and they were also called -)M $$Cchoo-pe. A scarcity of copper is assigned as one reason ; and another is, a want of money to pay the army ; which led to this scheme to entice the merchant

CHAOU

individual*.

with the convenience of it ; for it ii

•aid that ^ ${ ^ 'twas conven- ient both for the government and

874. A certain prepar- ation of rice and wheat flre-dried and ground to a powder, or formed into certain cakes.

^^ 375. ^ The nails of the fin- j IV gers and toes» the claws of S I ^k an animal j the talons of a bird. To scratch ; to claw » to tear to pieces with the claws ; to lay the claws upon any thing j to lay the hand upon with the palm undermost; to take with the hand. ~~f ^ TTf JC. Wang che chaou ya, The king's clatei and teeth ; applied to himself by an ancient statesman. ^ ite 1 Mae-pan-chaou, The Compradore's claws ; i.e. the labour- ing people he employs. j jj||| Chaou Ian, To tear to rags with the claws. tijj* I Hoo chaou, The claws of a tiger } and so of any other animal or bird.

376. ' To scratch gently, or tickle} metaphorically to cajole; to tear with the nails. 3=. iflT <Jb Show chaou shlh, To seize food with the fingers. Chaou-choo ] •$£ to grasp with the

talons, as an eagle does. Cbaou-chaou-urh 1 I ~£L to scratch

one's ear.

Chaou-cho-ta-telh-yang-choo 1 ;& "fifi $3 '$£ ^ scratch the part of him which itches ; assail him on his weak side.

Chaou-po-leen 1 /GRr jjujt to scratch and tear a person's face.

377. ' Wood acuminated. A thorn » to pierce with a sharp point

378. r An utensil made of 'ifjrly * bamboo or reeds for receiv-

/\ V. ing solids and permitting fluids to pass through, said to be like a spoon. (MS Dictionary.)

Chaou-le 'rrr 6!£ a kind of uncovered yi» r*J

basket The nest of a bird, when made in any hole, and not on a tree.

379. Chaou. A tortoise shell dried by fire, for the purpose of divination. An

altar of earth ; the mound which sur- rounds an altar or grave. A million, dj^ Chaou, or 1 jj|| Chaou-thow, or Tr* J Seen chaou, An omen ; a prognostic. =!? J Keth chaou, A favorable prognostic; an omen of good, jig? j Yth chaou, The hun- dred thousand and the million, denotes The mass of the people, which is also expressed by &• Chaou min.

133 King chaou, The place

where the million assembles, the residence of the Emperor and court. Tsih chaou, The ground round a tomb. |fe j Yew chaou, A certain year of the Cycle.

380. Same as the preceding.

381. Same as the following. BudTaou, Acareia a field.

383. Chaou, or T'haou. Any dike, limit, or boundary, it called Chaou. The name of a certain sacrifice. ^P l}|£ Tsih- chaou, The dike drawn round a grave, in the Chinese manner, to mark the limits of it.

E _ 383. / A kind of banner on 'II* which dragons and serpents are depicted, to which su- perstitious ideas are at ached. fli|J ~fcf|,; Ke chaou, A banner, a flag with various devices worked on it.

384. An ancient form of] Chaou.

385. A surname.

386. A strong powerful dog.

387. Grain growing spon- taneously, without towing or cultivation.

388. Silk threads which pass obliquely, neither length- wise nor crosswise, at in weaving figures ; variegated. A nu- meral of pieces of silk.

A sheep under, a year old. One says, A foreign sheep a hundred catties weight.

or according to some, A three year old horse.

CHAOU

27

391. The name of a fish.

392- C The raorninS- * jjjH Chung chaou.Themora-

ing till breakfast. A sur- name. Ministers haying an inter- view with the Sovereign, is tailed Chaou, from their being required to go early in the morning ; waiting on ; seconding. Nobles or princes seeing the Sovereign, not on business, is also called Chaou. Local officers seeing a governor, is called Chaou ; but not in modern use. Chaou, is the place in which the affairs of government are listened to and audience given. Chaou is also used for a dynasty ; for the reigning family ; for the court, and for the empire. 4fe I Wo chaou, Our dynasty. 4J6 1 Tso chaou, The Emperor seated to give audience. 1 Shang chaou, To go to court. •4f^ 1 Ta chaou, A visit to court every fifth year. 0^J Ming chaou, The late Chinese dynasty. -k J-ji? 1 Ta tsing chaou. The reigning Tartar Dynasty. /J\ Seaou chaou, A triennial visit of an- cient princes to the Emperor. Chaou fuh 1 HR court dress.

Chaou keen j^ to have an au- dience of the Emperor. The Chinese designate the existing dynasty, and their own empire, ^ Te'en-

chaou, The Celestial Empire; or the Dynasty especially appointed by Heaven, to rule the world.

Chaou kung 1 gf to present tribute, as dependants.

Corea. or 1 0W Chaou

' "'

Chaou yay, Morning

Chaou-seen I Chaou-selh

m

wan, or and evening.

Chaou ting 1 ^ the hall of audience; the court ; the Emperor.

393. Chaou. To laugh; to jest; to ridicule; to boast.

singing or chirping of birds. Read Taou, |f|St | Leaou taou, Many words; verbose. Read Chow, |

Pf£ Chow tseaou, The chirping of

An small birds: the sound made by the

swift course of a flight of small birds. Read Leaou, Tolaugh immoderately.

394. Chaou, To laugh; to jest; to ridicule; to play and jest with each other.

L Chaou-seaou, Laughing and

*

joking.

395. t The tide. 'Water is the blood or breath of the earth ; and the tide is the advancing and retiring of this blood or breath; it accords with, or follows the state of the moon.* The tide rising in the morning is expressed by Chaou ; in the evening by ^fy Seth. j^ lj^ Choou chow, The name of a dis- trict in Canton Province, 'jpj Sze chaou, A kind of fowl that crows always at high water ; vulgarly called TiC H&Chaou-shwuy-ke. ?g 1 Wang chaou, A certain fish. yfc£ Chaou-shih, Damp, foggy, moist air, or ground. Tide, ^ Shing chaou, To avail one's self of the tide; to go with it.

I' 1C" ~^A jw| J Chaou chang leaou ; or

I

"T Chaou ihwBy mwta

leaou, express The tide flowing, or high water. ^ ~^ Chaou

tuy leaou, Ebb tide. jl|£( \ Snua chaou, The tide with one. j^ Ncih chaou, or 1 "Jj.^ Chaou ting, The tide against one.

— nFI 396- SameasS93- To jeer; to ridicule -, to laugh at.

397. A surname.

J5L ChlS, 398. Erected firmly t eitat- linked; raited high ; eminent; lofty and liable; distant.

399. / To stamp with the feet. Lame, yet able to walk.

,

400. C Same as *g Chd.

401. ' Longoan. Same as |3| Chaou. Also read Che. which see.

402. To accord » to harmo- nize with.

403. To carry on the horns of cattle.

404. The name of an animal. The royal hunt in winter. Abo read Cho.

405. ' A kind of basket or cage, made of reeds for fish- ing with.

CHAOU

niAOU

CHAOU

406. ' A kind offuhing K-i-krt. Same as the pre- ceding. To cover over ; to shade. A shade; a ihade to keep the wind from a candle. JS ~f£

Chaou e, A kind of surtout. ffiH? I Kcaou chaou, A cover to keep a sedan chair from the dust.

407. A small net.

408. To propel a boat ; an oar -, to row.

409. / A certain animal.

410. 6 Walking; going; over stepping; leaning; go- ing rapidly, applied to de- signate the wind.

411. « To stamp with the feet; to walk; to go; to pass over.

412. B A particular part of a carriage.

413. >) A bird's nest on a tree ; a nest, as of thieves ; a lurking place. The name

of a place. The name of a country; of a lake ; of an instrument of mu- sic; of a carriage.

414. Little; imall. fcji J Chaou chaou, Long ap- pearance.

415. Chaou. The noise, or sound of the voices of a multitude of persons.

416. Chaou or Tseaou, The ap p earance of a lofty hill or

mountain.

.*> 417. Chaou or Tseaou, To seize and strike; an active turbulent effort. To take.

418. Chaou or Tsaou, The name of a lake.

419. Tsaou, A dwelling mage of stones piled on each other, without mortar; reared by people who throw them- selves on, or attach themselves to, a country.

yfc-JL. 420. An instrument of music, consisting of a collection of tubes; a large one of the kind.

421. A certain species of net ; a small one; an utensil for cat ching fish.

422. Chaou mth ti| jxK The name of a plant.

423. C. To take ; to seize.

»//> 424. v ' Chaou, or Tseaou, ^° 'P63*1 f°r others ; or to assume the words of others; to echo merely what others say, with-

•ut any will of one's own.

425. t To rise up ; to strive to be first in walking.

t»j 426. A kind of stage on the top of a carriage | V for the purpose of standing high, and surveying an enemy

427. The name of a district.

423. To tie round ; to bind ; to restrict.

»»> »^ 429. A high derated appear- ance; a thing with long leSs> or feet *° 't. 430. / To repair hastily to; to repair to and announce to a superior, ai a small state to a greater one ; to return a thing borrowed. Acute; of long duration. Small or few. A surname; the name of a country.

431. O To roast; to fire-dry. - to roast

Chaou leth tsze

chesnuts. Chaou hwa sang 1 ,/£ ££ to roast

or fire-dry ground nuts.

Same as the preceding.

432. ' To supply, or en- deavour to supply, what is deficient, or required; to seek for ; to exchange money.

CHAY

CIIAY

CHAY

Chaou hwan jin tseea

or 1 j:js Chaou tsc'en, To ex- change silver for copper coin.

Chaou hwan teen 1 ^ Jft money changer's shop.

Chaotthwuy yiu J [p] <M| exchange given to bring the value of articles bought, and the money paid to a level.

t Jlrf'

Chaou poo | ^|)j to make up what is wanting ; to supply.

Chaou tsin | ~=>j£ to »eek for. Chaou tsfih ke shoo 1 W IBv

r*JU ^* -\ 2v\

to make up the full number.

_^_ }f 432. ' To strike ; to com- mence ; to begin. To cor- rect, or rectify. Intelli- gent, perspicacious; to devi.se; to project. Long, or of long contin- uance. The name of a hill. Used for. 378.

Chaou king-foo £|f J?S HS the name of a district in the Province of Can- ton.

433. t- A certain insect. A surname. In the sense of 391. The morning. The splendour of gems.

434. ' A net to catch bird* by throwing it over them and preventing their flight.

•y* 435. / An oar by which a boat it impelled, an oar ap- plied by the »ide, to row »-

boat.

436. Same at 404.

CHAY.-— X™ SYLLABLE,

Ay, pronounced ai in Day. Manuscript Dictionaries Che and Tche. Canton Dialect, Chay.

437. v The Chinese define this word as a Disjunctive Particle, and at a Demon- strative Pronoun, Thii; for which the character ^jg Chay is now, though erroneously, always em- ployed. In the first sense it is often used when defining, and is pl.icej after the characters to be defined, and the definition given; as ~fc ^K~ Jjp fy Teen-chay,le yay ; Heaven, — that is — a principle of order. In By | Ke chjy, at the commence- ment of letters, Chay has merely this Disjunctive sense, denoting a pause after Ke, which implies, I commence ;

FART. II. I

I now begin to state or open the sub- ject. After a Verb, or a sentence denoting action or passion, Chay denot s commonly the Agent, or the person suffering ; answering to, as he ; she ; it ; or they, who. ^& I Gae ch:iy, He who loves or lov- ing ; is the example usually given. But the fact is, that whether follow- ing Verbs or Nouns, it simply directs the mind to pause, and point it to the word or sentence preceding; Gae- chay, may either be, The virtue of love or charity, or those who love.

i-- 1 'J£ "{§» Jin chay &** yy-

Jia (^benevolence) that- is love. Jia-

chay, may, when standing alonp, either be Benevolence, or those who exercise it.

4S8. To rend asunder.

439. Read Chay, The name of a district; of a hill ; and of a certain river. Alto

read Too, which see.

440. Affluent) extravagant; wide spread; prodigal,- wasteful. ~ Name of an an- cient beauty. A surname ; the name of » divinity. Following H

CIIAV

CM AY

C11AY

0, it denotes a prison -who marries an old woman. Following j|Fj Lan, To praise i to flatter. Chayche &• 4& \ wasteful, extra- Chayhwa 'J(t[J yag.int; pro-

digal.

Chay che fan hwa ] f^ ^ ^ "- travagance ; show ; splendour.

441. > To tear or split open -, to drag along; topull rough- ly and forcibly. Chay tslh ^ Jlr to pull or tear apart.

T" »/ P

Chay keu ] ^ to tear away. Chay lei 1 M. to riye or tear asun-

der.

442. 6 Chay, or fif Vg Tsih J& *T^I

ehay, Turbid* foul.

443. C Wide; large. Read To, Thick.

444. O To itrike j to flog ; to beat.

445. The epithet of a father. A local word.

416. The sugsr can*.

»447; V Red earth; carna- lion colour.

Chay ihlh yjft- ^"a carnation pigment,

u§ed by Painter*. Chay e j ^j? garment* worn by

criminals.

Chay h»ang pion j ^j ^) a cer- tain royal or imperial garment.

448. Name of ahorse.

449. C Chay, or Chow-chaj, Tgly.

450. Black; dark.

451. A carriage; cart, or any vehicle which is drawn by horses, or that goes up- on wheels. The jaw bone which con- t ins the teeth; to. turn a wheel. A surname. Also re^d Keu. Some dislii guish the characters by making the upper horizontal line longer than the lower one in Chay, and reversed it in Keu.

Chay chwang JJ£ ft a Turner's lathe.

Chay lun 1 rftjjjj a cart wheel.

Chay Isae tow leang 1 gj]» 3\* -& a cart carries grain measures; or a great many measures ; — there are a great many such persons or things.

458. Nar, e of a certain hill.

453. t Chay keu a certain stone, white co- lour, of which some Chinese

cap buttons are made. Inferior to

the stone called jj: Yuh.

454. ' A dysentery.

455 Chay tic en W "MM a certain plant, said to be a remedy for a tuppression of urine.

456. A certain insect.

457. The jnw bones; the wheels of the face which contain the teeth.

458. Chay. Chay !o, rtron; but not virtuous.

459. Ch\y. To screen; to hide. The appearance of much talking, great loqua-

460. A woman's name.

city.

461.

drag ; to drag affairs into notice, which do not arise naturally.

462. A species of mulberry tree.

463. ' The sugar caae.

464. Many words ; much talk. To reprimand > to abuse , to insult.

CHAY

('HAY

C1IAY

:n

465. To cover over; lo pre- "* LI vent seeing , to screen, litcr-

l. TO

conceal. Chay kae ^ ^ to cover over.

Chay mwan j}S to hide from a

person's knowledge. Chay pe 1 -jtJj/ to screen. Chay shih HJn to gloss over.

Chay shih J^- to conceal one's

failures or errors. Chay yen j JS to screen or con-

ceal from.

466. / The sugar cane.

467. The sugar cane. Same as the preceding.

548. A certain insect. One says, A ipecies of locust

470. Name of a medicinal plant.

471. Chay koo g jgj a partridge.

47!. A snrname. Otherwise read Chih.

473. C To fasten with a cord.

475. C Opposed to at a dis- tance.

476. 0 Name of a hill.

476. * To itand in the road.

477 /To cauterize j to roast ; to •warm. Otherwise read Chih. Chay show 1 3= to warm the hands

at a fire. Chay ho j iff to warm at a fire.

478. / A clear day.

I . 479. To pu'l or tear with jpl I* the hand; to drag ; to pull M'^™^ asunder. CVy kae |jj |J^ to pull open, to pull

apart. Fame as 141. •»_* — 4&0. ' This applied to per- j"^* sons or things. V: r'.mn ^>i^^" numerals are joined with it according to the Noun which follows. Chay ko jin jjj jPjj J\^ tlm man. Ch ly le ] ^ or j|| this place; here. Chay sze 1 ^ or 1 -^t .ifi Chay

keen *zc, This affair or business. Che she 1 {};fe or tj^ j^ Chay she how, At this time.

Cbay ynng 1 J|| thus.

Chay t5ng ] ^ this class, sort, or kind; such.

481. Chay. t Gaping; the appearance of opening the mouth wide; large mouthed appearance of the lip hanging down. The wish or opinion of a multitude. The name of a person. J]4£ ffi Chay jen, With one consent, una- nimously.

48S, / A ipccia of mulberry tree.

CHE

CHE. — XFH SYLLABLE.

E, nearly as in Me. Manuscript Dictionaries Ckl. Canton Dialect, Che.

• ^ 483. From a Dart, and Mouth; .<fc f -1j denoting the rapidity with S • which knowledge is com-

municated. To know; to be ac- quainted with; to advert; to per- ceive; to remember; to cause to know ; to tdl. The name of a me- dicine; name of a place; a surname. Che che chin ; hing che leih tfl\ ~%_ "§ji fa %,~f] knowing its truth, practice it strenously. Che fW I fisfthe magistrate of a

Foo district Che been I L^f. the magistrate of

a Hl:en dMrict. Che hwuy '&? to give information

to ; to inform ; to tell. Che ke ch ly 1 -I ;gj a very inti- mate friend.

Cheke8 | ^ to advert to; to re- mark; to observe; to notice Che kej oo shin ] ^ ^p jjfljl to

know incipient causes like the gods. Chemingchoo tang ] ^ fa ^ that which is clearly perceived will be managed well.

Che mwan j j^ or ^ J^ Che tsHh, To know that one has enough ; to be contented.

Che taoii I ^fj or 1 ^ ~f Che I ^«~i j >ti j

taou leaou, I know it; very well;

•aid in rrp'y to some information given. It does not signify approba- tion, nor its opposite. These words are often the official reply of the Emperor to papers which are sent to him.

Che «hih j g3f knowledge; informa- tion.

Che woo pHh yen 1 3JH: yf\ "Q to tell, to a pupil, all that one know*.

484. To walk; to go or ccme.

485. To walk; to go or come.

486. \ The hair of an animal abundant ; shaggy ; hairy.

487. ' Knowledge: very ", general info rmalion ; uni-

B

vcr,sal science. Wise ; wis- dom. Occurs in a bad sei.se, for the skill and talent of a villain.

Che-sze ^ il a wise andgood Chc-ch>y ] ^ J man-

Che ch--tvan ~7/ JT^J the priuci- I /^» *nIB

pies of knowledge.

ft*

488. t Name of a stream of water.

489. -To stamp; to beat with the feet; to knock the head against the ground.

490. 6 Foolish; diseased knowledge; diseased intel- lect ; derangement of mind.

Che choo \ '•$? not ^P10'6 of

understanding.

Che pi^g pnh chejinize j ^ ^f\ &lj /I ^! diseaie of silliness or idiotism ; in which a person is in- capable of comprehending human affairs.

491. \ Che-moo^^: a certain plant. 483 i.< also used in the same sense.

Chc-choo a sp'der.

493. - To give property as a- pledge or security.

494. Hesitation ; embarrass- ment; irresolute.

GHE

c i i !•;

nil-;

Che-choo jj-jfj] {M embarrassment ; unable to proceed either on with a journey or with affairs.

495. t'A kind of demon or CTil spirit.

496. ' Che-choo Ife 3$ the

,

appearance of the Running. hand character; a mere black daub.

497' Three battlements or embrasures of a city wall are called Che.

498. / A bird flying down to the earth, where it arrives at the termination of its flight. To go or come to ; arrival at the given or extreme point; to arrive at a certain place, or point of time; till, -the extreme limit; the higheit degree ; great ; good ; to communicate information to ; the extreme of the lun's cour§e north and south ; the solstices. Ai to; respecting. Che-chang 35 -Jp name of an insect. Che-chow j ^| most ugly. Che-e [ ,*n most easy,

Che-g5 ] |jfjj extremely viciousj wicked in the highest degree.

Che-heen ] W the highest degree

of morals and goodness. Che-kin ] J^£ as near as possible.

Che-kung ] Q most just and equit-

able. Che-keth \ K& the utmost extreme ;

I ISO

a double superlative. Che-nan I $|| most difficult.

TAUT. II. K

Che yuti pang ) ^ went

to another state. Che laou keen scay j

even until old age, intriguing and

unprincipled. Che shing I 1C most holy, is applied

to Confucius. Che-shin 1 JTjm most divine, was ap-

| 7UtJf r

plied to the first Emperor of the Ming

dynasty.

Che-tih | ^ most virtuous. Che-ts'm 1 $3 tne nearest related —

I /I7"

are father and son; elder and young-

er brother. Che tsze te we. | J^ ${j fi to

this state of circumstances — either

good or lad, Che-yuen 1 jj| extremely remote.

Che-jin 1 /fe most benevolent,

499. t A certain jpecies of bamboo.

500. tf To go to, or come to ; to visit; to take pleasure in ; to repair to with alacrity ; to carry to the utmost degree; to push inquiries for the perfecting of knowledge. To terminate or resign «n office. To expose or venture one's life in a cause. To rule or regulate ; the end to be aimed at and the man- ner of pursuing it. Minute ; subtile. To lead to ; to tend to ; that, noting the cause which leads to a certain end ; or the tendency to a certain end.

Che-ching ^T Il^tne utni()st truth

and sincerity.

to make a li.t uf and

send.

Che-e | ^'o communieiU or.e'i good wishes or compliments to another person.

Che-ming J -grf to give or sacrifice one's life in a device.

Che-neu j -jjr the formal civilities of inquiry and compliments paid to a bride three months after marriage.

Che-shoo ] ~ft a letter betwfp,i equals ; a national letter from the Tartars is so called in History.

Che-sze 1 <f]£ to resign an office. Che-sze j pjBone who stimulates

to daring in battle. Che-shin j j^»to resign one's life.

Che-tS j|g to communicate in- formation to.

Che-che-tsae-kih-wuh | £p ;£ ig, ^ the perfecting of knowledge consists in scrutinizing the properties of things.

Che-yiing 1 fll to collect or prepare

for use. Che-yS J ?*$ to regulate music.

501. Che. Things coming together, coming into eon. tact.

508. f To apply the hand to ; to pierce ; to sUb ; to plunder; to take property from. [\ ] To point with the finger ; to go to j or arrive at.

503. 'Damp; moist; ten- dency to wetness.

CM!-:

CHE

504. / Disease in the in- ferior eztrrmities.

505. ' Fine, tubtile, de- licate; elegant; soft) ef- feminate. To mend or repair

garment! ; torn garment*.

506. To seam or mend garment*.

Large grasi.

Words; discourse; laugh at ; to ridicule.

509. X Sole of a shoe.

510. / The [& Yin or dark

• ^V

Tapours obscuring the [ft?- Vang, or Light. Close and

•ecret.

511. I The name of a fish.

% 512. -To stop; either as an

Active or Neuter Verb. To

™* desist ; to be still ; to rest or

abide in a certain place, or given

circumstances; to stop at a certain

point; hence, Only; the point at

which any transaction closes.

Che-lew ^ gj to stop; to detain.

Cbe-noo ] ^ to desist from anger; to be pacified.

Che-seih 1 H to desist from. I /lii1

f he-she ] 4H- only is ; only ; but Che-tin "] ^ only can.

513. Che.orTe. To bewail with cries and tears; the crowing ofa cock; the note

ofa bird, JJ& fiK.

Kiih kiih te te, Weeping and la- mentation, fe 1 Neaou te, The bird sings.

Te kiih pfp[ .^ to bewail and weep.

514. A foundation; that

is fundamental. j Ke che, A founda- tion, as ofa house or a family ; seems also used metaphorically.

515. Eight "H" Tsun or tenths of a cubit. Che- chih j^t J-j^ measures of length generally. Near to ; not far.

516. A small island ; a small pond in wfckh is an island.

517. A large stone; a stone for beating silk.

518. Happiness; felicity.

ft

Chc-fuh jjjlj- jjft or reversed, Ffih-che, Happiness; joy; felicity.

519. To le supplied with provisions is expressed by ^nj jHp Kung-che. To hull; l» hesitate.

520. Certain rushes or grass platted into a cord.

-jy * 521. 6 Vulgar form of KK 1 Che, A feeling of shame ; to

put to shame.

Che-jfih jjij£ jjj£ to disgrace, or insult. Che-sin j y^ a feeling of shame. JL- tn 522. A certain fragrant me- dicinal plant; also called Q |K Pih-che, and -4t- ^Fang-heanr. The name of a place.

f I— '• •

523. To accuse; to accuse face to face; to impeach a superior.

._j 524. n The toes of the feet ;

V % V. the foot of a wall ; a foun- V^ 1 1 . dation.

Keaou-che ^& ^[J- Cochinchina was formerly so called ; appears to have been a.nick name implying that their toes folded over each other, in an odd manner,

Che kaou sin pHh koo ] ja ji\ ~/^ |j§J He who trips lightly has an unsteady mind.

525. > Same as the preceding. Used al«o for jt|{^ Che.

526. \ From ^ Issuing forth from; going to; meeting with. The lower stroke

represents the ground ; the middle one the stem ofa plant ; those on the side, leaves or shoots which go forth from the stem ; hence, borrowed to denote the Possessive Case of Nouns. Ex- pressive of that which comes forth

CHE

from; or belongs to. It may often be translated by, Of, or the sign of the Genitive 's. — • /\ ~/£_ •^jp Yih jin che tsze, A man's son. Tfr J^I Teen che gan. The favour of Heaven. When coming between two Nouns, the first of which is preceded by a Verb, it may be translated fVho,or Which; as,

'rf fiS 1 A Yew tTh che Jin' A man who is possessed of virtue;

i. e. A virtuous man. /pT UDP j

IJ \Art *

S|! Yew heen che sze, An affair which has danger; i. e. a dangerous affair. It is the same between a Verb and a Nounj as, W55 1 3p£ Koo wuo che sze, An affair which is worthy to be hated ; i. e. a detes- table affair. After a Verb, it may be translated by the Pronouns, Him, her, it, them. ^K jffl. -jrW PiSh yaou tso che ; Don't do it. In the lame sense it occurs before the Verb, as ^^ | \fi\ fy Chin we che wan yay, I have not heard it. It frequently occurs doubled, I Che che. The first of which if translated, Him, her, it, them ; according to the Gender and Number of the Antecedent Noun ; and the tecond Che, is translated by Who;

" ii 1 1 A Tin» che

che jio, Theperson who hears him, or her, or it, or them. I 3£~ Che tsze. A bride.

% ». 527. - The budding forth of w^^ plants; name of a particular *^*<*m plant, said to be incorrupti- ble, and is used as an emblem of hap- piness. It has nine stems ; is of a

CHE

gold colour, and admits a hulre at nights. Others say there are six > ;<.- rieties of colour. It is called sj>'£ ;£. Jjfij J?pL Ling-che suy tsaou. The spiritual Che, thefclicitous plant. A surname. There are varieties call- ed n( | Shwfiy-che, and ~T| Too-che.

Che Ian che shlh j fj£f ~*/ S? the mansion of the Che-lun flower; and

fragrant exhalations of the Che-lang ; both refer to the beneficial influences, of human happiness. 1_ 528. - A hand pulling offa «^*S branch of bamboo. A branch ; •^ ^^fc those that branch off, as pos- terity. To branch off; to diverge; to separate; diverging. To grasp or holdup; to measure. The twelve Che are periods of two hours each. A surname. |Kj ==j£ ^/ && ShwO hwa che le, A discourse that branches off and leates the point in question. Vague, irrelevant harrangue. ^fc | Pun che, The root and branch ;

j »^ 4

ancestors and posterity. ^^ Tsung che, Those who are descend- ed from the same ancestor. Chechu | ^ a post; a support. Che kan ] ^p branch and trunk. Che keih ] fifa to give out to ; to

distribute. Che le 1 ffi§ branching off widely!

vague ; not to the point. Che pae 1 }jfi, to point to a particu- lar branch, or situation. Che tsze ] -4- descendants from the first born son of the Emperor or princes.

C11K

35

Che Ueay | ffi to lend.

Chr yung 1 J|| lo employ in itiown

branch; to appropriate, to lay out

mny money. Che>* ' ^ the branch .nd leave*.

529. ' To dislike; to hatr, stubborn; froward. To offend; to injure.

530. The branch of a trer; to spread ; to scatter ; the joints of the fingers. Nu- meral of branches of flowers. A sur- name.

Che ko ^ jipf a branch or half. Che ye 1 'eg: the branch and leaves.

Che wo I ;fcX the first is an upright post, the other is placed aslant. ^ SSI. - Diverging streams of ~^l J> water flowing from one y.<^^^ source.

53*. - A stalk of grain.

53J. - Sickness; disease.

534. - Certain garments pe- culiar to the Nuns of the Buddha sect, and enjoined

by the rules of their order.

535. - The upper and lower extremities of the body are called JJJ Jj£ Sze chr, The

four Che. Chete ] |gthelM>,!v

Che keae 1 '&£ to cut a body into four parts; to quarter.

36

CHE

536. The feet diverging; pressing onward to the at- tainment of virtue. Read Ke, in other senses. Che wang Hjj -^g to stand on tiptoe with expectation ; to hope anxiously for.

5S7. / Wings of a bird. The fins of a fish,

538. -Che, or $| jJH Che tsS, A certain bird referred to in Fable and in Poetry ; harbinger of glad tidings.

539. Many; much..

540. That on which the mind determines ; the in- dilution; the will. To- pographical and Statisti- cal works.

Che

the inclination; the

bent of mind; the will. Che hcang j fpj that to which the

mind or inclination is directed ; the

inclination. Che e kaou yuen ] ^* J0J ^ an

elevated and comprehensive mind.

511 . ' To forget.

442. ' A dark black spot on tne humau body ; a spot of any kind or colour. Jin yew sing hung che teih k /fa /£

CHE

-Jsj there are some people who break out in red spots. Yew haou clip, yew go che ^ ^ /fa iul j there are good spots, and there are bad spots. It is re- marked of the first Emperor of the Han dynasty, that he had on his legs seventy-two dark spots.

543. / Che, or Ke-theg^

upon the memory ; histori- cal annals. Used also for 1JR Che and |jg Che.

f 544. - A surname; the name |~ y~ of a person; forms part of W \l the name of a state on the west ; called also £3 ~^fe YUC* che. wfl f\, Ven she> EP'thet of an an- cient Tartar. Name of a Keen dis- trict. See She.

Te. 545. - Down to the ground; to a given point; the base; the frigin; the root or ground of. Ra- dically important, applied te ita- tetmen. Kame of country; of a ttar ; and of a divinity. Read Che,

1 yfaChe che> Name "f " district-

546. Che, or Te. A kind of soft stone, fit for ^**\ grinding or rubbingtools on. Leading to a final end ; that ; certain ; to, -or at. Jg^Teshih, A whet- Chen yen liwuy, ko che hiug, My words are reasonable, and may, be carried into effect. (Shoo-king.) Che-choo j ^ name of a hill.

CHE

547. Che. To stop; a bank; a small stream whirl) is banked in.

548. Used for 3^ Che, To, or at a given point. Com- monly read Te, which tee.

549. To strike; to beat or strike with the hands; to clap the hands. More fre- quently read Te, which ice.

550. A grind-stone on which to rub tools. Even; flat; level as a stone which is

rubbed plain ; equitable.

Che-le ]fj|j ffi stones on which to rub or grind tools; to exercise one's self in moderation; to rub off vicious angles or asperities.

Che-gae, or yae 1 luable stone.

a certain v»-

551. Respect; awe; veneration, such as it felt when a communication is made from a divinity ; to receive respectfully. Same as the following.

558. Only ; but, as intro- ducing some qualifying clause. Also read Te.

553. Grain beginning to ripgir. One says, it denotes re- planted. Also read Te.

CHE

CM IE

37

554. ' Cue denotes Smooth;

J

something made level and smooth by rubbing on a stone. Paper; it should be written without the dot. The character is formed from Silk, because in former times docu- ments were written, on silk. A surname. _?Js 1«n Tsae lun, (A. D. 940) Cut to pieces old cloth, pounded and made paper of it from which time rlj Kin, A piece of cloth entered into the com- position of the character. p4 I Pih che, White paper. j?££ 1 Hung che, Red paper. JEJi Tsaou ehe, Paper made from plants. Che chang j ij^ paper in sheets j a sheet of paper.

Che tseen ^jj| paper money;

means paper burnt in certain rites.

Che pae j Jj^J gaming cards. Jflf I JjE Ta cl>e Pae< To P'ay at cards. They are of various sorts. The most ancient and most elegant are called Wi ~^- Jjffi Teen tsze pae, Dotted cards. The- dots have a re- ference to the stars. They were introduced by the Emperor J3 jft\ Seuen-ho, Originally called ^- Jj^l Ya pae, Bone or ivory tickets.

Che-tung ^ the paper -like la- mina of the plant Tung, known in England by the term Rice Paper.

Che-tung hwa I S*^ /n? artificial flowers made of rice paper.

555. Name of a certain insect; or shell fish.

TART. n. t.

>

556. Che, or Jj|| Jjfl- Pe che, The stomach or crop of a bird. The stomach of a cow.

557. A certain drinking ves- sel.

558. Same as^ Che, A

AJU

wing. Occurs in the San- kwS.

559. - To tread with the feet.

560. A certain pearly kind of shell fish.

>56\, A certain fish.

bulc,

562. Che; or Te, A certain bird.

563; Se or Che, Slow ; not progressing ; length of time; stillness. Strong, jlp ^)j Che le, Stro, g benefcial or u -eful ; ap- plied to utonsils.

564. Clie. A raised pith leading to the hall or prin- cipal anaruuei:!; the vesti- or open landing i<lace in front

of a hall, to which there ion ucent by one flight of step*; the name of a country. ^ ^- JTJI ^ ^

Jli^fPf fl S T-heen-Uze , tan tslh tc koo ching Un-che, The Emperor varnishes the ground with a red colour, and hence the path or vestibule is called Tan-che. The landing place is commonly called- ^ ff^ Teen keae. That of the Emperor is otherwise denominated. jfa j CMh-che, and^g ] YdU che. The first of which terms denote* that the vestibule is of carnation colour; and the last, that it is of gems. A great variety of epithets are applied to this vestibule, open to the heivens, as ^ Teen-che ;

^ | Keae-che;£ | Kin-che, The golden vestibule or porch.

lEft | YahlunS che- "O16 precious stone dragon vestibule, and

»o on. 33- y I Pae yut che, The vestibule, on which the moon ii worshipped. Jtk jjjlf | Chfihsaou che, The bamboos brush the vestibule.

fl-'uit 1 Lo° ying °he> Th" vestibule covered with dew. Though

the word Vestibule i« not strictly applicable to an uncovered porch, it is here used to avoid circumlocution. Same as }Jp Cne-

565. Young grain; late grain ; grain that is late

in ripening, whatever

f _ -. u young and small is

•arl^j> exprcs.ed by Che. On« \' . says, A self conceited

hsughty manner. Chc ke M£ 43. delicate tbmperameut.

38

CUE

CHE

Che Uze Jfie ^ a yonng, a delicate

boy. Che tseay kwanj 1 ^ tf£ young

and wild.

566. Name of a plant

Language serious and impressive. A roan's name.

568. To walk leisurely ; to be long in doing; to impede by being in too much baste. Slow; dilatory; late; to delay or stay for. A surname. ^k jM Wei che, Remote, distant appear-

delay ; dilatory. 5|ow and long. to detain ; or be de-

Come late. ? ] T,e che, To

J.5% I

desist ; to lay by and wait for ; to

stop. Che che JS impeded in its

course. Chehwan ] Che kevf j

Che lew ]

tained. Che che woo hing ^E.

slow and leisurely do I walk. Che ming j

day-break. Che sS pilh tung [ *

slow and fast arc different.

_ - — -» tj^ 569. Slow, leisurely mode of

~

before or about

— 570. Speaking in a (low leisurely tone.

CKih, Togratp; In Tiold; to itop, or cause to desist; to pursue and »eize. See CMh.

571. 'To seize or grasp with the hand; to hurl or break ; to reach or extend

to; that which extends to and ma- nifests. To take a thing and offer it as a present whea about to sec a person. A present ; to introduce to; to carry to the extreme. Name of a country ; the name of a person. To loosen or open up. Read Che, To drag along the ground. Read Chth, A surname.

Chih keen le wBh J|£ ^ |t ^ to take a present, when visiting a superior.

572. A present, or offering made at the first visit to a superior, or a person from

whom one has to request something. The presents mentioned are, valuable stones, or pieces of silk; these are called great presents. Rare birds are called smaller presents. Women give fruit.

Che-e gj "jig thexyrcsents which are proper or suitable for~"ttic occasion.

57S. A cart heavily laden on the fore part

574. A bird of pwy; any ravenous animal; to grasp ; to seize by violence.

575. To cut things.

576. To cut and forms to adjust; to regulate ; to direct; to rule; to make; to invent

Kwo-che ^ -f^J the rule or govern- ment of the country. Kin-che^ J prohibitory regulation Hee-che l/j^ J to restrict ; to confine.

Pin-che pp j the laws of rank. Che-fi ] ^ or Che-ling ] fy

rules ; laws ; national regulations. Che-ts5 j *ft to make ; to do. Che-too H| to form rules ; rule ;

9 *—^^

management; direction; plans of

government; laws. Che tse T^V to cut and divide a

victim about to be sacrificed. Che-tae j ^ or -^ Tae, also j

jjS Che-keun, The person at the

head of the government in a Pro-

577. ^ To drag upon the ground. j|J j];J- Che- chow, To impede as by holding under the arm; to put an obstacle in the way of progress being made; to embarrass or hinder.

CUE

cm:

578. / fhe,orChe-ho the name of a river.

579. ' To cut out clothes for garments; to make; to form ; to fashion ; to regulate; to decide; to compound, as medicines. A pattern for clothes.

cut. out clothes. J^j I ajKFa-che yS, To compound, or make up me-

decines. fa } &'j|"flvjfc

4^ rfe 0B Ta che trfh she sh8 m5 yang e fiih > What is the pattern of the clothes which he is cutting out !

Che-ts5 | ^^» to make; to do;

Che-tsaou J j^J to inrent.

580. A clear bright eye.

581. Fish brine; the hrine from salted fish ; pick- led or preserved fish roes.

— vt|| 582. Perverted speech.

583. An instrument for era- dicating plants.

. | 581. Name of a certain fish; MJ certain pickled or preserved

fish, of which the head is • w *» much esteemed. Hence the Pro-

Ul? & Si Ning keu luy she tsih,

puh keu che-yu gih, Better be de- prived of an house which has been possessed for ages, than be deprited

of the head of the Che-fish.

.@ Oi?A, 585. Real ; substantial; plain ; honest ; sincere •, true. To prove the fact by bringing accuser and accused face to face ; to ex- amine.

588. Something left for se- curity as apledge ; to pledge; to pawn ; to give a person as a hostage. <£ ^ Keaou che, Mutual hostages. See Chih. „» _> 587. Read Che or Chih, The •Jvfifc stone below a pillar; the 1^? base of a pillar.

5S8. ' To stumble by some- thing embarrassing the feet.

stumbled

Che urh teen S|

and fell headlong. Che keue 1 SKf to stumble ; to fall ;

familiarly ^ j]ifi Shlh ke8' T° S''P the foot.

^J E. 589. It me. To be pleased; to be gratified. Head Tae, A cer- tain hill; an elevated place. Used for ^ Tae , A stage, or elevated terrace. To elevate; to recommend. Used as an honorary epilhet,asy^ I Heungtae, referring to the person one addresses in a letter. Forms part of several proper names.

590. •»* The morning ; to be- gin; then, as denoting the beginning of one circum-

stance aft T another hat cUpwd. Forms part of the name of mi-t\u of a star j and of a hill. 0 "4j i S/c che, refers to the origin of ma- terial existences. 1 San che, refers to the year, the sun, and the moon. -^ j Tslh che, Tlir n.uiie of a infdici.ia i applied abo to Heaven, earth, man, and the four seasons.

Che chung j i&th'? beginning and end of any atfair ; applied also to human existence.

Che chung keu shen I *v£ lH fc the beginning and end of (.human life) both such as are desirable.

Che tih shdh hwuy j ^ J{™ [gj then succeeded in being restored by ransom.

A 591. - / Name of a stream of water. To put in order. \ • To hetl; to rule; to direct; to govern a family or a nation ; to form. Denotes some cad being sought; experienced, or accustomed to ; the petty affairs of prisons. The retired Apartments of thesect Taou. Also read Tae and E.

Che hea ^ T% to rule those below

one. Che kea jin ' 3& ^ to chastise

domestics. Che kea 1 '4? to rule a family.

Che kw5 | t|| to rule or govern a nation.

Che jin che taou j A /£. i£ """ principles by which to govern others. Che ping ] ^ to cure a disease.

40

CHE

Che she che tsae J £ ^A ^- lents fitted to rule the world.

> ff- 593. t- To beat with a bam- ^.\ boo or stick ; to flog ; one

I— J of the petty punishments of China. To chastise ; to correct ; it is intended to cause a feeling of shame.

Che chang lew too I if" ySfe" yfife 1 ^s*~ //ftj IAt

to bastinade and transport. The two first and two last express different degrees. Che chay, so e keaou che yay | 3£

t/T yJ* ?&(. /£ til correction is the means of instruction.

593. Vulgar forms of the

594. Near to.

595- Only; simply; singly;

I— X this and no more ; merely.

• Also read Chih. Sometimes

denotes Particularly.

Che tih joo tsze

obtain this ; merely this ; obliged

to act thus.

Cheseaytungse | ^ ^ jgj only a few things.

596 The ancient cubit, equal to eight tenths of the pre- sent one. It rontiined J[

Tjj- Pa Uun, and is called

Chow chTh.

In a tmall degree, j-

Che chih che keen, Between a Che and Chih , i. e. much the same.

I

597. ^ To open ; in the »—J same sense read Ke. Read * Chae, To strike.

v»— ft S98- s Name °f * hisQ

ft* *"^ thorny tree of which hedges are made. A certain tree which bears a fruit. To hurt

Che kBh ^{J ^ a certain medicine.

Che la ^ a place fenced in as a residence.

Che shlh | *-j? the fruit of the Che tree.

C^ ft 599- N»n>e of a stream of •/ _

water.

600. To beat and wound; to bruise with the hand or with a stick; to peel the

skin off and discover the part, but not cut the flesh.

601. A certain appurtenance f»— • of the wheel of a cartj a

"^ kind of covering for the end of the axle. Name of a district. Diverging. Same asj^ Che.

•^p Sze or She. From "\J" Tsun, A measure of length ; a place that is regulated by fixed laws ; a temple of the Buddhists, so called after the ori- ginal one built in the time of Han. Eunuchs of the Imperial Palace are called |

602. A lofty mountain. Kung che <f j£ Jjrfe provided with ; prepared for.

Che-leih >^ to stand firm as a

mountain.

Che ke chang Ji. ^^ well pro- vided with a supply of provisions.

60S. N Placed beneath a house or cover; provided with ; having a supply.

Che choo j^ 'fejf accumulated toge- ther; laid up in store ; said of grain or provisions.

604. - To grasp; to hold fast.

Che show tae yen jP to hold fast with too great severity.

Che ylh sin neon FSh ] • — >|^ ^^ to fix the whole heart in me- ditation on Buddha.

•^, _| . 605. Waters diverging and ^"™ ' leaving places dry ; a small f ^J island; an island in the midst of a stream.

606. A place of sacrifice. The name of a place.

607. A disease in the poste- riors; an ulcer of the anus, of which there are |7^ 5j£Nuy

che, internal ; and ^qv j Wae che, External. Che denotes To gnaw or eat : as if corroded by insects.

Che-chwang j ijfc a posterior ulcer.

CHE

41

608. To halt ; to stop. Che- Choo jj^ Ijjjf or ijjjj Choo, Irresolute; iudetermined ;

unable to make progress. The phrase is variously written.

609. Prepared. Same as the preceding.

610. To wait; to stand pre- pared for. Syn. with 599.

To, 611. Many; much.

612. Large; tending to ex- pand ; extended ; profuse; prodigal. To screen or shelter the ribs. -j^J ^jjp Chay-che, Extravagant, prodigal. Chay he che he |l££ £^ /&•

denotes the apparent expanding, or . the scintillation of the stars. Che-sze I -J|K irregular, extravagant.

613. Wide; large j exten- sive ; to extend ; to in- crease the power of; to attack on one side.

614. Gaping; the appearance of opening the mouth wide; large mouthed ; appearance of the lips hanging down. The wish or opinion of a multitude. The name of aperson. tyfc jS^CChayjen, With one consent; unanimously.

615. To lean or rest upon. To rest or depend upon land ; to work or cultivate the land.

616. A pretty woman; a ijyt worthless woman, a pros-

titute. Elegant ; good. Oc- curs as a local word applied to de- ceased parents.

617. A person's name.

618. Much flesh; fat; plump; handsome. Blj JJ>£ Chay che, Coarse.

6 1 9. Read E and Che, in the same sense, as the following.

620. Separated; diffuse; spread out.

Che-chang tended.

spread out; ex-

621. To walk briskly; to approach or recede from with rapid steps.

Che tae ffii j^ a kind of terrace, appended to a royal palace mentioned in history.

622. Same as ffiffl Che.

623. The rushing down of a bill or mountain.

624. 0 A kind of tripod, or other distorted vessel;

kind of still or vessel for chemical purposes.

625. Read Chih, but in a sense which is lost. Read Che, Clayey adhesive earth.

626. 0 A kind of banner or flag ; » pendant stream- er i tu attach to, or fasten, as by sewing, or with cords. To make « re- cord of; to record.

627. / To grasp something and stand opposed to , to oppose.

628. 0 The flame of : light or splendour issuing from a flame, or from a star. To burn.

689. To inscribe on a tomb- stone; an inscription; to

remember. £5 SgB Moo ^iN PWi

che, An epitaph. Read SHh, To know.

630. C Dyed silk of which »

scholar's garments are made ;

>|— I

• *~^^ the coloured silk of which banners or streamers are made; hence used as 621. Read Chih, To

jL *

weave.

631. O Hindered; impeded; wishing to advance, but prevented by something which embarrasses. Read Tc, The bit of stalk by which fruit hangs from the tree.

| _ 632. ^ Excellent in its kind;

^3^ a