OLLAR

THE NEW

GRADATIM

GINN AND COMPANY

L

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

GIFT OF

Class

THE

NEW GRADATIM

A REVISION, WITH MANY ADDITIONS AND OMISSIONS, OF

"GRADATIM,"

AN EASY LATIN TRANSLATION BOOK
FOR BEGINNERS

H. R. HEATLEY, M.A.-

BEAUDESERT PARK SCHOOL, HENLEY-IN-ARDEN
AND

H. N. KINGDOM, M.A.

HEAD-MASTER OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, DORCHESTER

| J

PREPARED BY

WM. C. COLLAR

HEAD-MASTER OF THt, ROXBT-tJ V L> TIN SCHOOL, BOSTON

OF THE

UNIVERSITY

OF

BOSTON, U.S.A., AND LONDON

GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS

1899

iQ^v

COPYRIGHT, 1895
BY WM. C. COLLAR

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

'NOTE TO THE REVISED EDITION OF 1889.

I HAVE found Gradatim to be a most useful book to
accompany and supplement the first year's work in Latin.
The Latin is pure, simple, and idiomatic, easily under-
stood by the young learners, interesting, and even amus-
ing. If Caesar must be read as the first classical author,
this book may be very happily used for some weeks to
smooth the way, by giving practice in translating easy
Latin. The enormous sale of the book in England shows
how helpful it has proved to teachers in Latin there.
The work of revision has consisted mainly in rewriting
the first twenty anecdotes, — in which the authors made
the unhappy experiment of writing the Latin in English
order, — marking the quantity of long vowels everywhere,
and correcting the vocabulary, which was unusually rich

in mistakes.

WM. C. COLLAR.
ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL,
June, 1889.

THE above note shows at what point this second revi-
sion has been taken up. It was my purpose to do little

iv NOTE TO REVISED EDITION.

more than correct errors that had been overlooked in pre-
vious impressions, and make certain omissions ; but pro-
longed examination suggested other changes, together
with additions so various and important that it has
seemed necessary to modify the title in order to distin-
guish this edition from the book in its earlier form.

Thirty-four anecdotes have been omitted. Some of
these seemed rather pointless, others a little questionable
in tone or taste.

By permission of the author of Fabulae Faciles, Mr. F.
Ritchie, the Story of the Argonauts and the Story of Ulys-
ses, amounting to nearly thirty pages, have been added.

Some important principles of grammar have been
added, emphasized, or expanded.

Notes explaining such difficulties as it has been found
embarrass and delay young pupils are given at the end
of the reading lessons.

Finally, immediately following each anecdote, from two
to ten of the words that occur in the text are set down,
chosen out as likely to be the least familiar to the learner,
and either defined by more familiar Latin words, or having
references to places where they have occurred in preced-
ing anecdotes. It is most important to encourage stu-
dents in every way to form the habit, when they meet
with what seems a new word, or a familiar word in a new
sense, of trying to recall its previous occurrence, instead
of turning at once to the vocabulary, or to a lexicon.

NOTE TO REVISED EDITION. v

The need of putting some easy Latin into the hands of
pupils very early in their study, to accompany and sup-
plement the learning of forms and the elements of syntax,
is now happily coming to be realized, and it is hoped
that The New Gradatim will be found to supply exactly
that want.

The Stories of the Argonauts and of Ulysses, abound-
ing as they do in the words, idioms, and constructions
of Caesar's Gallic War, ought to make it easy for the
pupil to pass from them to The Gate to Ccesar ; but it
will generally be better to interpose not a little easy and
rapid reading for the sake of an enlarged vocabulary.

WM. C. COLLAR.

ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL,
June, 1895.

CONTENTS.

HINTS TO BEGINNERS.

PAGE

Pronunciation . T

Verb

PAGE

. Q6

Declension

2

3

5

6
8
10
16
ii

22
27
32

33
39
4i
48

48

OF

12
13
14
H
15

18
18

Infinitive

c6

Con j ugation

Space
Double Accusative
Quality

• ov
• • 57
. . 61
. . 62

Subject and Predicate . .
Transitive and Intransitive
Verbs .......
Adjectives

Participles

. 67

Price and Value . .
Deponent Verbs . .
Gerunds and Supines
Impersonal Verbs . .
Subjunctive Mood
Accusative and Infiniti
Indirect Questions
Cum Causal or Conces
Relative of Purpose .
Ablative Absolute . .
Notes

. . 67
. . 72

• • 77
. . 80
. . 87
ve . 95
. . 95
sive . 96
. . 96

• • 139
129-143
145-189

. . 19

20

Apposition

Question
Order
Partitive Genitive ....
Demonstrative Pronouns .
Comparison

Time

The Relative
Active and Passive . . .
"Cui" Verbs

Place

VOCABULARY . . .

STORIES.

Orchard-robbing . .
Faithful Caleb . . .

TABLE

The Naughty Boy ....
The Rotten Apples . . .
The Miser
The Broken Dike ....
The Piper's Slave ....
The Young Doctor . . .
The Sporting Doctor . . .

Judge Gascoyne . .
Alfred and the Cakes .
Sir Walter Raleigh .
Too Clever by Half .
The Young Shaver .

. . 20

. . 21
. . 21

. . 22
• • 23

Vlll

CONTENTS.

Logic 23

Wat Tyler 24

The Miser's Shoes ... 25

Cruel Frederick ... . . 26

Follow the Leader .... 26

The Vulture's Nest ... 28

The Standard 29

The Faithful Hound ... 30

The Gossip 31

The Siege of Calais ... 31

The Babes in the Wood . . 34
The Rats in the Barn . .35

The Pied Piper 37

Caught by the Tide ... 38

Rollo and the Two Sticks . 38

Buried Alive 39

A Ride on the Centaur's

Back 43

A Wonderful Dream ... 44

The Lighthouse .... 45

The Snowstorm .... 46

A Noble Action .... 47

The Ugly Duckling ... 50

The Touch of Gold ... 51

The Gossiping Trees ... 52

A Scapegoat 53

Ingratitude 53

The Wolves 54

A Cat's Paw 55

A Breach of Discipline . . 58

A Bull's-eye 58

The Weather-wise Donkey . 59

How to please Everybody . 60

The Inexhaustible Purse . 62

The Golden Loaf .... 63

Hospitality 64

Honesty is the Best Policy . 64

PAGE

Self-Restraint 65

A Promising Pupil ... 66
Counting her Chickens . . 66
Adventures of Robert . . 68

A Lover Lost 70

The Guards Outwitted . .71
A Disguised Monarch . .71
Which is the King ? ... 72

Dumb Show 73

A Hard Bargain .... 74
The Foolish Maid-Servants 76
Inattention Rebuked ... 76

The Robbers 78

Caught by the Robbers . .79
Two can play at that Game 79
The Forty Thieves ... 80
The Wonderful Island . . 81
The Diamond Valley ... 82
The Giant's Cave .... 83
The Royal Sepulchre ... 83
The Old Man of the Sea . 84
How to pick Cocoanuts . -85
The Elephant's Burial-place 85
The Subterranean Passage 96

Home at Last 87

The Donkey's Advice . . 88
The Bottom of the Stream 89
A Dishonest Couple ... 90
May a Man do what he likes

with his own ? .... 91
The Good-natured Boy . . 92
Timely Assistance .... 92
The Attack on the Castle . 93
An Ill-matched Pair ... 94
Greediness Punished ... 94
The Argonauts . . . 97-111
Ulysses 112-125

THE NEW GRADATIM.

\

PRONUNCIATION. -

1. Vowels.

a like last a in aha'. i like z* in pin.

a " first # in aha'. o " 0 in ^0/y.

e " e in M<?y. o " o in wholly?-

e " £ in «?^/. u " oo in ^<?/.

I " z* in machine. u2 " ^£? in

2. Diphthongs.

^ae like a/ in az.r/i. tf^-oe like 0z" in boil.

au « 0# in our. eu " *?# in feud.

ei " « in eight. ui " «;*.

3. Consonants.

Consonants generally have the same sounds as in English.
But observe the following: —

c like c in come. B like s in sun.4

g " g in get. t " /in time.6

i3 " j in _y^/. v " w in w/w^. •

ch like k in &'/*.

1 That is, as the word is com- nounced like w, and joined in ut-
monly pronounced ; the sound terance with the preceding letter,
heard in holy, shortened. 3 1-consonant, that is, before a

2 In qu, and also commonly in vowel in the same syllable.
gu and su before a vowel, u is a 4 Never like 2.
semi-vowel or consonant, is pro- 5 Never like sh.

2 DECLENSION.

DECLENSION.

4. Nouns are the Names of Things.
In English we say, —

The wasp killed the bee.
The bee killed the wasp.

In these sentences the words "wasp" and "bee"
are unchanged; though in one the "wasp" does
the action, and the "bee" suffers the action. In
the other the opposite is true. The order only has
been altered.

In Latin this difference is expressed, not by alter-
ing the order, but by changes in the form of the
word called case-endings.

NOMINATIVE, vespa, apis, when the wasp or the bee

does the action.
ACCUSATIVE, vespam, apem, when the wasp or the

bee suffers the action.

Vespa apem necavit. The wasp killed the bee.
Vespam apis necavit. The bee killed the wasp.

Pronouns are the only words in English which have
different forms for nominative and accusative.

NOM. I ; who.
Ace. me ; whom.

CONJUGA TION. 3

5. Besides the nominative and accusative, Latin
has three other cases,

Genitive, Dative, Ablative,

the meaning of which is expressed in English by
prepositions, of, to, by, etc.

GENITIVE, hastarum, of spears.
DATIVE. hastae, to a spear.
ABLATIVE, hasta, with a spear.

6. There are thus in Latin five cases in the
singular, each with its own ending, and the same
number in the plural.

To give these changes in the form of a noun is
called declining a noun.

There are also two other cases, the vocative and the
locative. The vocative is used of the person addressed,
but it has always the same form as the nominative, except
in nouns in -us of the second declension. The locative
is almost confined to names of towns, and expresses the
idea of at, in, on.

CONJUGATION.

7. Verbs express actions.

Actions are done by different persons : we express
this difference in English by placing pronouns before
the verb, sometimes (but not often) altering its form

also.

/ love, you love, he (or she} loves.

4 CONJUGA TION.

In Latin there is a special form for each person,
both in the singular and the plural, therefore the
pronoun need not be used.

amo, / love ; anias, you lovej amat, he loves.

All nouns are of the third person ; if, therefore, a noun
is used, the verb will be in the third person.

aves cantant, birds sing.

8. Actions differ also in the time in which they
are done ; they may be present, past, or future. In
English, to express this difference, we use other
verbs, called auxiliary or helping verbs, though there
is also a special form for past time.

PRESENT. / love, am loving, or do love.

PAST. / was loving, used to love, did love, loved.

FUTURE. / shall love.

In Latin there are special tense-forms to express
these differences of time.

PRESENT, amo, / love, am loving, or do love.
PAST. amabam, / was loving, used to love, did

love, loved. x

FUTURE. amabo, / shall love.

To give these special tense-forms is called conju-
gating a verb.

In Latin the present is often used of a past act,
as in English, for the sake of greater vividness.
See examples in the first and second anecdotes,

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 5

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

9. Sentences are divided into subject and pred-
icate.

The subject is the person or thing talked about.
The predicate is what is said about the subject.

The subject may be —

Simple: One noun.

Birds sing.

Qualified: Noun with words added to it to tell you
something more about the subject.

Small birds sing.

Composite : Two or more nouns.

Blackbirds and thrushes sing.

The predicate may be —

One verb.

Birds sing.

Verb with qualifying word or words.
Birds sing sweetly.

Verb with governed word or words.
Birds sing sweet songs.

In Latin the subject and predicate may both be
contained in a single word.

cantamus, we sing.

6 INTRANSITIVE VERBS.

10. Special attention must be paid in Latin to
certain RULES, which are not so necessary in English.

RULE i. — The verb must be of the same person
and number as its nominative.

corvi cantant, ravens croak.

corvi canto would mean, ravens I croak, which would
be nonsense.

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE IN ONE WORD.

1. ridemus, we laugh.

2. ambulabatis, you were walking.

3. manebimus, we shall remain.

4. videbis, you will see.

5. dabant, they were giving.

6. erimus, we shall be.

7. tenetis, you hold.

8. vulnerabitis, you will wound.

SUBJECT DISTINCT FROM PREDICATE.
SUBJECT. PREDICATE.

1. pueri manebant, boys were remaining.

2. servi ridebunt, slaves will laugh.

3. ego et nuntius manebimus, the messenger and I shall

remain.

4. tu et puella cantabitis, you and the girl will sing.

5. taurus apparet, a bull appears.

INTRANSITIVE VERBS.

11. When an action affects only the doer the verb
is called intransitive, because its action does not
pass across from the doer to anything else.

maiieo, / remain.

TRANSITIVE VERBS. 7

TRANSITIVE VERBS.

But when an action affects some person or thing
besides the doer the verb is called transitive, because
the action passes across from the doer to the other
person or thing, and this latter is put into the
accusative case.

RULE 2. — When used transitively, verbs govern
the accusative case.

1 . periculum videbitis, you will see danger.

2. timemus lupum, we fear the wolf.

3. amicos advocamus, we call to friends.

4. intro aquam, / enter the water.

SUBJECT. PREDICATE.

1 . puer taurum vulnerabit, the boy will wound the bull.

2. taurus vulnerat puenim, the bull wounds the boy.

3. magister puellam docebit, the m aster will teach the girl.

4. fossae agros terminant, ditches bound the fields.

12. Care must be taken not to confuse the accusa-
tive case with the dative. These are easily confused
in English, since the preposition to, which is the
sign of the dative, is frequently left out.

RULE 3. — The dative is the case of the recipient,
or the person (or thing) who is interested in an
action but does not actually suffer it.

I give sugar to the wasp.
I give the wasp sugar.

8 ADJECTIVES.

What I give is sugar ; the wasp receives it, and is
interested in what I do.

SUBJECT. PREDICATE.

1. magiater fabulam pueris narrat, the master tells a

story to the boys.

2. agricola dabit poma amicls, the farmer will give

apples to his friends.

3. advena puellae cibum praebet, the stranger fur-

nishes the girl food.

4. furtum domino apparet, the theft is apparent to

the master.

5. praefectus oppido praeerat, the governor was in

charge of the town.

ADJECTIVES.

13. An adjective is a word added to a noun to
distinguish it from others like it.

In English, adjectives have only one form.

In Latin, many adjectives have three terminations
in each case, one for each of the three genders, —
masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Possessive adjectives agree in Latin with the thing
possessed, and are not affected as in English by the gender
of the possessor.

taurus vulneravit suam dominam, the bull wounded
his mistress.

ADJECTIVES.

RULE 4. — An adjective must be put in the
same gender, number, and case as the noun with
which it is used.

saevus oculus, savage eye.

clara aqua, clear water.

vir eat bonus, the man is good.

In English the gender of a word is always settled by
the meaning, but in Latin there is more difficulty, for it is
settled generally, not by the meaning, but by the form of

a word.

eye is neuter in English.

oculus is masculine in Latin.

SUBJECT.

1 . templa

2. agricolae

3. servus

SUBJECT.

1 . multae puellae

2. niger servus

3. maesti agricolae

PREDICATE.

Copula. Complement.

sunt sacra, temples are sacred.
erant probi, farmers were honest.
est piger, the servant is lazy.

PREDICATE.

canoram fistulam amant, many girls

love a melodious fife.
timebat cornigerum taurum, the black

slave feared the horned bull.
saevum bellum timebunt, the sad
farmers will fear cruel war.

14. The genitive case of a noun can often be used
instead of an adjective.

My father's gardens \

paterm hortl.
patris hortl.

10 APPOSITION.

SUBJECT. PREDICATE.

1. nuutius deorum adest, the messenger of the gods is

present.

2. ripae rivi sunt altae, the banks of the river are

high.

3. verbci amicorum sunt grata, the words of friends are

pleasing.

4. feminarum ira est acerba, the anger of women is

bitter.

5. ocean! midae terrain inundabunt, the waves of the

ocean will deluge the land.

RULE 5. — A noun used to limit or define another,
and not meaning the same person or thing, is put in
the genitive.

APPOSITION.

15. RULE 6. — When a descriptive noun is joined
to another, meaning the same person or thing, it is
called an appositive. An appositive agrees in case
with the noun which it limits.

1. verberabo Caium, malum puerum, / shall beat Caius,

a bad boy.

2. membra Pompei, servi Afri, sunt nigra, the limbs of

Pompey, the African slave, are black.

3. Roman! oppidum Veios oppugnabunt, the Romans will

besiege the town Veii.

4. dabimus argentum poetae, nostro amico, we shall give

silver to the poet, our friend.

11

16. The ablative case generally qualifies a verb
like an adverb, and answers the questions, how ?
why ? when 2 where ?

He slew him, with a sword, from hatred, at night,
in the street.

OBS. i. — The conjunction -que, and, cannot stand by
itself, but is joined to the end of the word to which it

belongs.

pueri puellaeque. pueri et puellae

OBS. 2. — Latin has no article ; therefore in translating
a noun think whether you ought to put in a or the before
it or not.

OBS. 3. — The possessive pronouns my, his, their, etc.,
are often left out in Latin.

servi videbant dominum, the slaves saw their master.
ORDER.

17. English, having so few case-endings, is tied
down to a particular order of words.

The man swallowed the fish

is different from
The fish swallowed the man.

Latin has much more freedom.

homo devoravit piscem,
piscem homo devoravit,
piscem devoravit homo,
devoravit piscem homo,

all mean, "The man swallowed the fish."

12 ANECDOTES.

While —

piscis devoravit hominerrl,
hominem piscis devoravit, etc.)

all mean, "The fish swallowed the man."

Thus the beginner must not be surprised to
find-

(1) The accusative before the verb ;

(2) The nominative after the verb ;

(3) The adjective after its noun.

RULE 7. — In making out the meaning, it is
often best to take the words in the order in which
they come ; but if this does not give the sense, look
first for the verb ; it always points to, if it does not
include, the nominative.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The figures under the Anecdotes refer to the Anecdotes by number and line.
These references are designed to remind the learner of the previous occurrence of
the same word, or of a word of the same family. If he has forgotten the meaning,
he should look back, instead of referring again to the vocabulary. If the former
meaning does not seem appropriate, the vocabulary should be consulted and the
meanings in the two sentences be compared. It will be apparent that only a few
of the words that are repeated have been selected for comparison.

Latin words are occasionally defined by other Latin words, supposed to be more
familiar to the learner, mainly for the purpose of giving him increased readiness in
reading and writing Latin, but the words defined and the definitions are no more
exact synonyms than in similar cases in English.

The abbreviation cf. stands for confer, i.e., compare.

i. The Naughty Boy.

Albertus, puer Ignavus, litteras non amabat. Magi-
strum suum saepe vitabat et agros pererrabat. At taurus

ANECDOTES. 13

saevus habitabat agros. Aliquando puerum videt. Primo
stat et advenam lustrat saevls oculis. Albertus fugam
tentat. Turn Instat taurus. Mox miser! puerl 'tergurn
volnerabit monstrum cornigerum.

litteras, libros. lustrat, spectot.

saevus, ferox. mstat, persequitur.

2. The Naughty Boy — continued.

Fossa lata, limo et aqua plena, forte terminabat agrum.
Puer miser loco appropmquat et aquae se mandat
temere. Aqua non est alta, sed llmus profundus membra
cohibet. Taurus puerum videt sed aquae perlculum
timet. Diu haeret Albertus ; taurus vana Ira captlvum
lustrat. At agricola forte agrum intrat. Statim baculo
magno taurum deturbat liberatque puerum.

diu, longum temfus. at, i, 2.

lustrat, i, 4. deturbat, fugat, depellit.

3. The Rotten Apples.

Carolus, agricolae impigri filius, bonus erat puer sed
amlcos amabat malos. Agricola igitur puero calathum
pomorum plenum dat. Bona continebat calathus poma,
pauca tamen erant putrida. Puer donum diligenter
curat, sed poma mala maculant bona, et mox mala sunt
cuncta. Carolus maestus adversam fortunam plorat.
Turn agricola filium ita monet : " Poma mala maculant
bona, certe mall amici maculabunt puerum bonum."

impiger, non tgndvus, i, i. cuncta, omnia.

plenum, 2, i. maestus, trlstis.

mox, i, 5. adversam, malam<

14 ANECDOTES.

4. The Miser.

Plutus, vir avarus, parvam fossam parat, atque ibi
argentum celat multum. Servus forte agrum arabat.
Subito latebras nudat spoliatque argentum. Postridie
domino apparet furtum, nam oculis avidis thesaurum
suum saepe spectabat. Miser Plutus terram et caelum
implet querelis. Mercurius, fidus deorum nuntius, subito
adest, et causam lacrimarum benigne postulat. Plutus
igitur fortunam malam ita narrat.

subito, cf. statim, 2, 6. implet, cf. plenum, 3, 3.

spectabat, lustrdbat, i, 4. adest, advenit.

5. The Miser — continued.

" Sum vir egenus, tamen parvum habebam thesau-
rum ; magna cura pecuniam meam semper servavi.
Nunc tamen nihil mihi manet." At deus maestum viri
animum mulcet et fossam saxis implet. Turn Plutum
admonet ita : " Tu quidem argentum semper lustrabas,
nee umquam attrectabas divitias. Avaro divitiae non
prosunt ; saxa igitur argent! locum tibi supplebunt."

egenus, pauper. implet, 4, 6.

tamen, 3, 4. admonet, monet, 3, 7.

maestum, 3, 6. attrectabas, tangebds.

6. The Broken Dike.

Cimbri terram habitant mlram, nam oceanus tecta agros-
que agricolarum saepe inundat. Incolae fossis tumulis-
que magms undarum violentiam coercent ; aliquando
tamen aqua claustra deturbat et vastat terram. Forte
erat tumulus non validus ; iam apparet parva rima ; mox
via magna patebit et terram superabunt undae. At

ANECDOTES. 15

perlculum videt puer parvus ; statim dextra rimam implet
coercetque aquam.

coercent, cohibent, 2, 4. apparet, 4, 4.

deturbat, 2, 7. dextra, supply manu.

7. The Broken Dike — continued.

Diu et constanter servabat puer praesidium. lam
rigebant membra, at dextra parva aquam semper coe'rce-
bat. Postridie agricolae loco approplnquant. Puer fri-
gidus et moribundus dextra tamen aquam coercet. Saxls
celeriter tumulum conformant, et limo rimam implent.
Turn umerls puerum sublevant recreantque cibo. Tantam
constantiam saepe commemorant Cimbri, narrantque libe-
ris suis puerl factum.

dm, 2, 5. postridie, 4, 3.

dextra, 6, 7. approplnquant, 2, 2.

coercebat, 6, 3. constantiam, cf. constanter, 7, i.

8. The Piper's Slave.

Carolus, puer inhonestus, servus erat Clodi, honest!
viri. Clodius erat fistula peritus et canons sonis ami-
cos saepe delectabat ; at fistulam non amabat puer,
sed saepe erat domino molestus. Forte agricola, Clodi
vicinus, nuptias filiae celebrat, vocatque et dominum et
servum. Cena erat copiosa ; mensa caseum magnum vix
sustinebat ; hie ova, illic poma erant ; at convivarum
oculos praecipue delectabat porculus.

hie . . . illic, here . . . there. at, sed, 2, 3.
poma, 3, 3. praecipue, mdxime.

9. The Piper's Slave — continued.

Convivae epulas exspectant cupide ; mox splendide
cenabunt. Interea saltant et dominus Carol! fistula

16 QUESTIONS.

cantat. At puer avidls oculls mensam lustrat et videt
porculum. Raptim dextra tenet praedam et fugam tentat
frustra. Nam Clodius fugitlvum occupat, recuperat prae-
dam ; baculo tergum servi mall verberat. Inde Carolus
maestus et ieiunus mall factl poenas dat.

convivae, 8, 7. avidis, 4, 4.

epulas, cf. cena, 8, 6. raptim, statim, 2, 6.

mox, 3, 5. tentat, i, 4.

cenabunt, cf. cena, 8, 6. baculo, 2, 6.

QUESTION.

18. To turn a simple statement into a question in
English place the nominative after its verb.

statement, you are happy,
question, are you happy?

Sometimes interrogative words are used as well.
why are you happy?

In Latin interrogative words are always used.
The most common are —

num, expecting the answer no.
nonne, expecting the answer yes
-ne, expecting the answer yes or no.

-ne is always joined to the first word in the sentence.

STATEMENT. QUESTION.

I. equus 11011 habet pennas, 2. num equus habet pennas ?
the horse has not wings. has the horse wings, he

has not, has he ?

QUESTIONS. 17

3. pueri amant poma, boys 4. nonne pueri amant poma ?

like apples. do not boys like apples ?

5. medicus est aeger, the doc- 6. est-ne medicus aeger? is

tor is sick. the doctor sick ?

7. verberas canem, you are 8. cur verberas canem ? why

beating the dog. are you beating the dog?

In translating questions into English the auxiliary verb do
is often used.

cur laudatis puerum ? why do you praise the boy ?

Double questions (i.e., two questions expecting one
answer) must have two interrogative words.

utrum mihi an meo fratri dabis pomum ?
will you give me or my brother an apple ?

19. Prepositions when used in Latin govern the
accusative or ablative case.

The following govern the ablative case :

a, ab, absque, coram, de,
palam, clam, cum, ex, ande,
sine, tenus, pro, and prae.

Sometimes in, sub, super, subter govern the ablative.

All the other prepositions govern the accusative
case.

cum, with, is joined to personal, reflexive, and relative

pronouns.

"me-cum, with me, vaibis-cum, with you,
with whom, etc.

18 ANECDOTES.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.
The following anecdotes require a knowledge of —
(a) Declensions I, II, III. Nouns.

(ft) Present VT j- *• A «.• r ^u T,,. ,

/ Indicative Active of the Third

\ and Fourth Conjugations.
Future Simple )

10. The Young Doctor.

Medicus quondam longo labore fessus breve otium
apud rusticam villam amici petebat. Interea filio curam
clientium committebat. luvenis labore superbus comiti
iocoso fortunam ita narrat : " Pater mihi clientes suos
committit." "At," respondei amicus, "ubi pater urbem
repetit, ex clientibus quot supererunt ? "

quondam, aliquando, i, 3. ita, 3, 7 ; 5, 5.

interea, 9, 2. supererunt, mm erunt.

ii. The Sporting Doctor.

Timon medicus, vir benlgnus sed suae artis omnmo
Ignarus, nee causas nee remedia morborum intellegebat.
Itaque clientes plerumque e vita discedebant. Timon
erat venator, sedulus quidem sed impentus. Canes et
equos habebat multos, sed iacula sagittasque praecipue
amabat. Quondam dum tela ante portam aedium parat,
occurrit amicus. " Hodie saltern," inquit, " 6 medice,
nihil occldes."

benlgnus, 4, 7. praecipue, 8, 8.

itaque, igitur, 4, 8. aedium, domus.

imperitus, cf. ferttus, 8, 2. occldes, necdbis.

<

ANECDOTES. 19

1 2 . Orchard-robbing.

>T-4JlcoO

In Hispania olim vivebat Nero, puer improbus. Forte
erat vlcmo in horto arbor magna maturls pomis onusta.
Ubi puer arborem videt, magna cupldo praedae animum
occupat. " Num dominus me videbit?" inquit puer
avidus. " Cur arborem non statim ascendo ? " Itaque
sine mora ramum prehendit et in arborem se trahit. lam
inter poma sedet ; iam dextra fruges tenet gratas.
At subito raucum clamorem audit. Ecce sub arbore
magnum saevumque canem videt. Frustra Nero se
celat, nam canis furem sentit impletque agros clamore
rauco. Denique sub arbore iacet exspectatque pue-
rum.

improbus, inhonestus, 8, i. avidus, 9, 3.

vicino, 8, 5. dextra, 6, 7.

onusta, cf. plena. iam, 7, i.

cupldo, cf. cupide, 9, i. subito, 4, 3.

occupat, 9, 5. frustra, 9, 5.

13. Orchard-robbing — continued.

Diu in alta sede manet puer. Interea consilia multa
et callida in animo volvit. " Nonne custos saevus mox
dormiet? Nonne callgo noctis me liberabit ?" Denique
quod canis praesidium non relinquit, de salute desperat.
At fortuna captivum iuvat. Taurus niger agrum intrat.
Statim videt canem et torva fronte inimicum antiquum
petit. Nee pugnam recusat canis, sed dentibus saevis
modo tergum modo frontem tauri tentat. Turn puer
occasionem non praetermittit, at ex arbore desilit petitque
fugam. Adversarii nee fugam sentiunt nee pugnam relin-

2© ANECDOTES.

quunt. Itaque Nero a tanto perlculo tutus pro salute
dis agit gratias.

sede, cf. sedet, 12, 7. denique, 12, u.

manet, 5, 3. torva, saevd.

interea, 10, 2. sentiunt, 12, 10.

saevus, I, 3. dis, from deus.

14. Faithful Caleb.

Tlmon erat vir generosus sed egenus. In aedibus
magnis sed obsoletis habitabat, et inopiam cibi saepe
tolerabat. Calebus, servus domesticus, multum amabat
Timonem et paupertatem domini celabat diligenter.
Aliquando viatores multi hospitium a Tlmone petebant.
Vir benignus portas aedium libenter aperit. Ubi hora
cenae adest, quod cibum habebat nullum, Calebus pau-
lum haeret. Vicinus forte epulas celebrabat; subito ad
locum currit Calebus et magna voce, " Aedes ardent,"
exclamat. Convivae hue illuc erumpunt. At Calebus
sine mora a mensa anserem abstrahit nitidum apponitque
viatoribus epulas magnificas.

egenus, 5, i . cenae, 8, 6.

obsoletis, rumosis. haeret, 2, 5.

celabat, 4, 2. vicinus, 8, 5.

viatores, cf. via. epulas, 9, i.

X5- Judge Gascoyne.

Henricus IV., rex Britannorum, pigrum prodigumque
filium habebat ; nam iuvenis comites malos nimium ama-
bat. Forte elves Caium, amicum principis, coram iudice
accusant furtl. Princeps ad locum properat et dlris minis
veniam delicti postulat. At iudex, vir strenuus, veniam
negat. Princeps igitur gladium stringit. Turn iudex

ANECDOTES. 21

catenis iuvenem vincit superbum. Post mortem patris
iuvenis Henrlcus, iam rex, iudici praemia digna dat
habetque in amicorum numero.

pigrum, cf. impigri, 3, i. postulat, 4, 7.

furti, 4, 4 ; ci.furem, 12,10. delicti, mall facti, 9, 7.

16. Alfred and the Cakes.

Aluredus, rex Britannorum, cum Dams saepe pugnabat.
Primum Dam copias regias vincebant, et rex exsul hospi-
tium ab incolis parvae casae petit. Incolae figurae regis
Inscii hospiti cenam exiguam lectumque durum praebent.
Postridie ad laborem pergunt. Agricola oves pascit ; uxor
verrit aedes , rex ignem incendit torretque liba. Mox
tamen quod Aluredus multls curls anxius laborem prae-
termittit, flammae adurunt liba. At uxor agricolae ubi
factum videt Ira plena hospitem pigrum increpat, et
dextra aures regias verberat. Sed rex poenam patienter
tolerat.

petit, 14, 5. curls, 10, 2.

hospiti, from hospes. praetermittit, 13, 9.

exiguam, parvam. adurunt, incendunt.

aedes, u, 6. regias = regis.

17. Sir Walter Raleigh.

Elisabetha, regma Brittanorum, vestes splendidas et
pretiosas semper gerebat. Fgrte magna cum caterva
comitum per vicos urbis ambulabat. Subito ante pedes
multum videt lutum. Regina stat incerta quod viam
lubricam timet. At ex turba exsilit iuvenis ; umerls
novum pallium detrahit et locum tegit vestimento ; turn
iterum ad socios recurrit. Laeta regma super pallium

22 ANECDOTES.

ambulat nee pedem maculat. Statim grata iuvenem in
numerum amicorum ascrlbit.

comitum, 1 5, 2. turba, catervd.

lutum, limum, 2, i. umeris, 7, 6.

stat incerta, haeret, 14, 8. maculat, 3, 5.

in numerum amicorum, cf. 15, 9.

PARTITIVE GENITIVE.

20. RULE 8. — The name of a whole, of which
a part is taken, is put in the genitive case.

multi Romanorum, many of the Romans.
Especially after neuter words.

nihil argent!, no money.

tantum nummorum, so much money.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following eight anecdotes require a knowledge
01-

r Nouns.

(a) Declension III. ^ A j. A.

| Adjectives.

r active of the first and second

(b) Indicative \ ^ and

Imperative ] ^ yerb

18. Too Clever by Half.

Roscius, praeclarus iurisconsultus, publicos ludos
quondam spectabat. Subito vir rusticus occurrit. " Da
mihi," inquit, " responsum, 6 praeclare Rose! ; cams
divitis vlcini meum agrum intravit, necavitque tres pullos.

ANECDOTES. 23

Quantam tu mulctam domino canis imponis ? " " Quat-
tuor asses," respondit Roscius. "Da mihi igitur asses,"
inquit vir, "tuus enim canis erat reus." "Res aequa
est," iterum respondit Roscius, " et libenter tibi quattuor
asses dabo. At tu primum numera mihi quinque asses,
numquam enim Jurisconsult! sine mercede dant re-
sponsa."

quondam, aliquando, i, 3. divitis, from dtves ; cf. di-

occurrit, cf. currit, 14, 9. vitids, 5, 6.

igitur, 15, 6; 5, 7.

19. The Young Shaver.

Glaucus, puer Corinthius, adultorum hominum mores
semper induebat ; nam togam virilem volgo gerebat et
saepe tondebat molles genas. Quondam intravit taber-
nam praeclari tonsoris, et magna voce " Tonde," inquit,
" meam barbam sine mora." Tonsor, vir iocosus, parat
aquam ; obducit mentum iuvenis spuma alba ; cultrum
acuit ; postremo vadit ad portam, habetque sermonem
cum amicls. Primo Glaucus rem patienter tolerabat ;
tandem non continet Iram, sed causam morae postulavit.
"At," respondit tonsor, " tuam barbam exspecto."

gerebat, 17, 2. postremo, demque, 12, n.

molles, tenerds. tolerabat, 14, 3.

quondam, 18, 2. tandem, postremo.

praeclari, 18, i. continet, 3, 3.

20. Logic.

Rusticus olim, nomine Gellius, vir dives sed indoctus,
mittit filium ad ludum Zenonis, praeclari philosophi.
Post aliquot annos filius repetit paternum tectum, et

24 ANECDOTES.

parentes sua sapicntia delectat ; nam omnes ingenio et
sermone superabat. Mox tamen iuvenis disputat cum
patre de cultu arvorum ; tandem Iratus baculo caput et
umeros senis verberat. "6 scelerate," exclamat Gellius,
" num. verberas patrem ? " "Equidem," respondit iuve-
nis "et recte ; nonne tu me parvum puerum verberabas ? "
"At invltus verberabam te, et pro tua utilitate." "Et
ego hodie verbero te pro tua utilitate, et invltus."

rusticus, 1 8, 2. senis, from senex.

dives, 18, 4. num, 12, 4 ; cf. nonne, 13, 2.

repetit, 10, 6; cf. petit, 10, 2. verberat, 16, 10.

tectum, aedes, 14, i. hodie, cf. postridie, 16, 5.

21. Wat Tyler.

Ricardus, adhuc iuvenis, succedit regno Britannorum.
Mox erat gravis seditio plebis. Vir rusticus, nomine
Figulus, seditiosam turbam ducebat. lamque ingens
caterva intraverat urbem Londinium et omnia spoliabat.
Inde dum elves claudunt tabernas et fugam tentant,
subito rex iuvenis cum paucis equitibus adest. Figulus
autem prehendit equi regis habenas. Sine mora magister
equitum stringit gladium occlditque hominem audacem.
Statim omnes sumunt arma tenduntque arcus. Rex
autem procedit in medium. " Comites," inquit, " hie
iacet vester dux, nee umquam resurget. Deponite tela ;
ego posthac ero vobis dux."

adhuc, ad hoc tempus. prehendit, 12, 6.

turbam, 17, 5. stringit, 15, 6.

caterva, 17, 2. comites, amlci.

spoliabat, 4, 3. iacet, 12, ir.

claudunt, opp. patent, 6, 6. tela, n, 6.

ANECDOTES. 25

22. The Miser's Shoes.

Senex, nomine Abulus, dives sed avarus, antiquas
sordidasque vestes gerebat. Omnes elves cognoscebant
pannosos avarl calceos. Olim senex lavabat membra
apud publicas thermas. Forte vir iocosus locum intrave-
rat. Ubi videt vestlmenta Abull, sine mora mutat calceos
senis avarl cum purpurels soleis consulis. (Nam consul
ibidem forte se lavabat.) Mox Abulus ex aqua emergit.
Nescius fraudis, dis agit gratias pro tanto mlraculo, et
cum purpureis soleis discedit. At ubi consul sentit
furtum et cognoscit calceos Abull, vix continet iram.
Denique invltus foedos calceos induit.

vestes, 17, i. vestimenta, cf. vestes.

gerebat, 19, 2. senis, 20, 7.

iocosus, 19, 5. dis ... gratias, 13, 12.

ubi, 12, 3. sentit, 12, 10.

23. The Miser's Shoes — continued.
Postridie lictores trahunt Abulum apud consulem, atque
hominem furtl accusant. Infellx Abulus multis cum
lacrimls veniam imprudentis factl orat, at frustra. Nam
consul aspera voce, "Deliga," inquit, "lictor, ad palum
malum furem ; verbera tergum saevis virgls." Lictores
haud invltl sumunt poenam, calceosque Abulo reddunt.
Abulus vix trahit miserum corpus ad flumen (magnum
flumen non procul aberat). Turn exclamat, " Numquam
iterum, Infellces calcei, dominum perdetis." Inde aquae
calceos committit.

trahunt, 12, 6. inviti, 20, 10.

furti, 4, 4. sumunt, 21, 9.

veniam, 1 5, 5. procul, longe.

haud, non. numquam, cf. 21, n.

aspera, opp. mitis. inde, turn.

26 ANECDOTES.

24. Cruel Frederick.

Fredericus, puer crudelis, non amavit animalia ; saepe
divellebat alas muscarum et corpora formicarum acubus
transflgebat. Aliquando vexabat Traianum, suum canem,
saxis et verberibus. Saepe pater Fredericum ita monuit :
" Cave canem, nonne dentes habet acutos ? " At puer
verba patris neglegit et manu caudam miseri canis torquet.
Diu Traianus rem patienter tolerat. Tandem iratus
mordet dextram puerl. Fredericus multis cum lacrimis
patrem petit. " Cur tandem," inquit pater, "meum con-
silium neglegebas ? "

verberibus, cf. verberat, 16, 10. iratus, cf. Ira, 2, 5.
tolerat, 16, n. petit, 13, 7.

tandem, 20, 6. inquit, n, 7.

25. Follow the Leader.

Pastor, nomine Panurgius, multas oves habebat ; at
dives vicinus vigintl ex numero subducit. Pastor ad
iudicem properat furemque accusat. Sed iudex, vir
inhonestus, prae timore divitis viri preces pastoris spernit.
Turn pastor humiliter accedit ad furem : " Retine,"
inquit, ''oves, da mihi tamen arietem, ducem gregis.'*'
Fur incautus arietem dat. lam pastor tollit animal in
umeros et discedit. At oves audiunt vocem ducis et
universae notum ovile sui domini petunt.

dives, opp. egenus, 5, i. tamen, 20, 5.

vicinus, 8, 5. umeros, 7, 6.

properat, 1 5, 4. universae, omnes.

ANECDOTES. 27

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

21. Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point
out or distinguish some person or thing.

They are either substantival — used instead of a
noun — or adjectival — used with a noun.

The most common are, is, hlc, ille, idem, ipse.

1 . videsne eum ? do you see him ?

2. videsne eum leonem ? do you see that lion ?

3. is leo quern vides est fulvus, the lion which you see is

tawny.

4. videsne eius caudam ? do you see his tail ?

5. hoc a te peto, / ask you this favor.

6. Demosthenes, ille orator, Demosthenes, the famous orator.

7. hie erat taciturnus, ille loquax, the latter was silent, the

former talkative.

8. ipse venit, he came himself.

9. eodem niodo omiiia agis, you do everything in the same

way.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following ten anecdotes require a knowledge
of —

(a) Nouns. Declensions III, IV, V.

f Demonstrative.
(o) Pronouns. "\ r* ~ ••!••

I Definitive.

(c) Indicative / active of the third and fourth
Imperative 1 conjugations.

28 ANECDOTES.

26. The Vulture's Nest.

Voltur olim finxerat nidum in alta et praerupta rupe.
Hie din impune teneros pullos alebat. Saepe iuvenes
descensum ad nidum tentaverant, at frustra, quia praeceps
scopulus imminebat et lubrica saxa vestigia fallebant.
Tandem senex iuvenes his verbis derldet ; " Cur, Ignavi,
periculum timetis ? ecce ! mea parva f Ilia ad locum
descendet." Iuvenes etsi rem vix credunt, tamen man-
data eius peragunt. Magna quercus impendebat scopu-
16 ; huic funem aptant et omnia parant.

finxerat, from Jingo. lubrica, 17, 5.

hie, in hoc loco. ignavi, i, i.

tentaverant, 21, 5. ecce, 12, 8.

27. The Vulture's Nest — continued.

lam senex tenero corporl virginis funem caute aptat.
Turn sex validl iuvenes earn ex alta rupe demittunt.
Omnes tacitl eventum exspectant ; at ilia secura aerium
iter pergit et magno conto defendit acutos scopulos.
lam pervenit ad nidum et dextra parvum volturem tenet.
Statim dat signum reditus. At pater voltur audit vocem
prolis et magno clangore puellam petit. Ilia tamen, etsi
saevi alitis ungues teneras manus dilacerant, cultro se
defendit nee praedam demittit. lam iuvenes vident
periculum puellae ingeminantque laborem. Mox laetus
pater audacem flliam amplexu tenet.

iam, 7,1. petit, 13, 7

pergit, 1 6, 5. etsi, 26, 7.

acutos, cf. acuit, 19, 7. alitis, avis.

prolis, pulldrum, 26, 2. cultrd, 19, 6.

ANECDOTES. 29

28. The Standard.

Ricardus, rex Britannorum, olim cum Solimano bellum
gerebat. Multos equites diversarum gentium, socios
adiutoresque belli, habebat. Hi fortis regis timebant
virtutem sed superbiam parum amabant. Forte rex
suum slgnum in alto et inslgni loco constituent. Id
movebat Irani sociorum et noctu slgnum dlvellunt. Rex
igitur, ubi reponit slgnum, deligit custodem loci equitem,
nomine Cennetum. Nee ille tantum honorem recusat at
laetus arma induit. Inde, etsi ipse haudquaquam hostem
timebat, canem fidelem vigiliae comitem advocavit.

gerebat, 22, -2. dlvellunt, 24, 2.

superbiam, cf. superbus, 10, 3. tantum, 22, 8.
parum, non multum. recusat, 13, 7.

29. The Standard — continued.

Nox erat et lima sereno fulgebat caelo. Diu et vigi-
lanter Cennetus locum custodiebat. At subito canis
latratum edit. lam ipse audit lenem sonitum. Statim
stringit gladium. At vox nota, "Depone," inquit, "te-
lum ; Cloelia, tua sponsa, baud procul ab hoc loco te
exspectat ; venl igitur mecum celeriter." Stultus eques
fidel immemor stationem deserit ; relinquit tamen canem
custodem loci. Dum abest, clangorem armorum audit,
deinde gemitum. Dolore furens recurrit ad locum.
Eheu ! slgnum abest et fidelis custos moribundus iacet.

caelo = in caelo. n5ta, 25, 9.

lenem, opp. acutum, 27, 4. moribundus, 7, 4.

30 ANECDOTES.

30. The Standard — continued.

Paucos post dies Ricardus copias sociorum recensebat.
Dum ipse in regio solio sedet, principes equitesque cum
multis milibus militum ante oculos regis incedebant.
Haud procul ab eo loco stabat Cennetus cum cane fideli
(is enim vires corporis recuperaverat). lam duces
singillatkn regem salutabant. Subito canis cum saevo
latratu equitem auro et ostro msignem ex equo in pulve-
rem deturbat. Comites cum clamore occurrunt. At
rex, " Consistite," inquit, " amici ; iusta est poena, hie
enim meum slgnum violavit."

recensebat, lustrabat, i, 4. msignem, 28, 5.

regio, 1 6, 10. deturbat, 6, 4.

incedebant, trdnslbant. consistite, manete.

latratu, 29, 3. iusta, aequa, 18, 7.

31. The Faithful Hound.

Cambricus olim, acer venator, fidelem habebat canem,
nomine Gelertum. Dum ipse in silvis abest, canem saepe
relinquebat parvi fill custodem. Aliquando more suo
Gelertus dominum reducem cum laeto clamore salutabat.
At subito dominus pectus eius et dentes sanguine cruentos
notat ; perterritus cunas parvi fill petit. Eheu ! puerum
non videt sed undique cruorem, foedi certaminis indi-
cium. Statim caeco furore canem, mail auctorem, iaculo
transflgit. Gelertus cum gemitu exsplrat. Simul domi-
nus in recessu aedium mfantem videt salvum atque incolu-
mem. Sed baud procul ab eo loco iacebat ingens lupus.
Fidelis enim custos vitam Infantis ita servaverat.

venator, n, 4. mail = mall facti, 9, 7.

clamore, Idtrtita, 29, 3. gemitu, 29, 9.

furore, cf. fur ens, 29, 9. ingens, cf. mdgnus.

31

32. The Gossip.

Erat Timoni uxor garrula. Haec aliquando apud
feminam vlclnam cenabat. Diu Timon uxorem suam
frustra exspectaverat. Tandem Iratus aedium portam
obserat et petit cubile. Mox tamen uxor redux ostium
vehementer pulsat. " Aperi celeriter portam," exclamat
ilia, " nonne uxoris tuae vocem audls ? " " Minime,"
respondit ex cublli dominus ; " tu non mea uxor es nee
vocem tuam cognosce ; mea enim uxor iam mecum
cubat."

apud, 10, 2. aperi, 14, 6.

obserat, cf. daudit, 21, 5. cognosce, 22, 2.

redux, 31, 4. enim, 30, 10; cf. nam, 22, 6.

ostium, portam, 14, 6. cubat, cf. cubile.

33. The Gossip — continued.

Diu femina preces producebat, sed frustra ; tandem
dolum parabat. "Nisi tu," inquit, "portam aperies, ego
in hoc flumen desiliam." Simul in aquam magnum lapidem
devolvit et sese non procul abdit. Vir sonitu territus
ostium aperit properatque ad ripam. Protinus irrumpit
in aedes uxor obseratque portam. Frustra vir infelix
ostium pulsat ; " Discede," inquit uxor, "tu enim, ut ipse
dixisti, non es meus coniunx."

desiliam, 13, 9, vir, coniunx.

simul, eddem tempore, 31, 9. prStinus, statim, 2, 6,

abdit, celat, 12, 10. obserat, 32, 4.

34. The Siege of Calais.

Edvardus olim, rex Britannorum, urbem Gallicam
oppugnabat, Diu incolae copiarum regis impetum magna

32 COMPARISON.

cum virtute sustinuerant. Tandem, ubi nihil cibi supere-
rat, miserique elves mures et pelles edebant, cum rege de
deditione agebant. At rex, propter tantam hostium perti-
naciam iratus, saevas condiciones pacis imponit mortem-
que duodecim prmcipum postulat. Sine mora duodecim
viri se pro patria devovent. Inde comites maestl funibus
colla amicorum vinciunt eosque ad regem ducunt.

incolae, 6, 2. postulat, 15, 5.

ubi, 22, 5. funibus, 27, i.

agebant, 13, 12. vinciunt, 15, 7.

35. The Siege of Calais — continued.

Rex inter nobiles in praetorio sedebat. lamque maesta
turba civium captives ad locum ducit omnesque multis
cum precibus ad pedes victoris cadunt. At rex durus
preces eorum spernit avertitque voltum. Forte reglna
rem cognoscit ; statim ad praetorium properat suasque
lacrimas cum precibus civium iungit. " Da mihi, rex
magne," inquit, " vitas horum fortium virorum ; nonne hi
recte suam patriam defenderunt ? " Rex primo preces
non audit, tandem lacrimae uxoris iram vincunt poenam-
que captivis remittit.

maesta, opp. laeta, 27, 10. defenderunt, 27, 4.

precibus, 33, i. poenam, 9, 7.

COMPARISON.

22. (i) When two things are compared they are
put into the same case and coupled by quam.

amo te magis quam eum, / love you more than him.

TIME. 33

(2) If the first is either in the nominative or
accusative, the second may be put into the ablative,
leaving out the quam.

lulia sorore pulchrior est, Julia is more beautiful than her
sister.

The comparative can often be translated by too, rather,
comparatively, etc.

tardius ambulavit, he walked rather slowly.

longius e navi erravit, he wandered too far from the ship.

TIME.

23. (i) The time during which an action lasts is
put into the accusative, sometimes with the preposi-
tion per.

totam hiemem in urbe manibat, he remained in the city
during the whole of the winter.

If the sentence is negative, the ablative is used.

tota hieme lupum non vidi, I have not seen a wolf all the
winter.

(2) The time when, or within which, an action is
done is put into the ablative without a preposition.

media hieme ab urbe discessit, he went away from the city
in the middle of winter.

Observe the phrases —

multis post annis, many years afterwards.
aliquot post menses, several months afterwards.
baud ita multo post, not long after.
ante annum, a year before,

34 ANECDOTES.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following ten anecdotes require a knowledge
of-

(a) Comparison of regular adjectives.

(b) Numeral and pronominal adjectives.

(c) Indicative ) active of verbs in -to, third conjuga-
Imperative ) tion.

36. The Babes in the Wood.

Duo olim erant fratres, Verres et Timon. Horum
alterum gravis corripuerat morbus. Hie iam moribundus
fratrem ad lectum vocavit eique curam parvorum liberorum
mandavit. Ille multis cum lacrimls mandatum accipit
fidemque unum annum integram servat. Secundo tamen
anno, quod liberl erant agris nummlsque dlvitissimi,
patruus auri avidus msidias nepotibus struebat. Itaque
duos latrones ad sese appellat. " Interficite," inquit,
"clam hos infantes; vobis magnum pondus argentl,
pretium caedis, dabo."

moribundus, 29, 10. nummis, pecuni d.

mandatum, 26, 7. interficite, occidite, 21, 8.

37. The Babes in the Wood — continued.

Postridie Timon mala fraude nepotes ad se advocat,
" Hodie," inquit, uvlcinae urbis incolae ferias agunt; hi
igitur ex meis servis fidelissimi, deliciarum causa et
voluptatis, vos ad locum ducent." Simul manu duo
latrones ostendit. Liberi magno cum gaudio discedunt
et iam animo mille laetitias praecipiunt, Mox autem

ANECDOTES. 35

viatores ad densam silvam, locum ad caedem aptissimum,
veniunt. Forte unus ex latronibus altero erat mollior.
Huius pectus grata vox liberorum lemverat Hie igitur,
ubi ad locum veniunt, non modo factum abnuit sed etiam
sua manu comitem crudeliorem interfecit.

incolae, 34, 2. lenlverat, cf. lenem, 29, 3.

agunt, celebrant, 8, 5. factum = malum factum.

laetitias, voluptdtes. abnuit, recusat, 13, 7.

caedem, 36, 10. interfecit, 36, 8.

38. The Babes in the Wood — continued.

Liberi gladiis et cruore perterriti lacrimas effundunt.
Victor tamen timorem mulcet eosque in densiorem silvam
ducit. "Hie," inquit, "manete, dum ipse absum ; mox
vobis placentas lactisque copiam reportabo." Simul a
loco discedit. Unam horam liberl sine timore flores
silvestres undique carpebant. Mox quod fames corpora
premebat reditum latronis misere cupiebant. Frustra
tamen hue illuc currunt et omne nemus maesto clamore
implent, nemo enim questiis eorum audit. Tandem fessi
cursu et fame languid! sese sub arbore deiciunt. Mors
benigna celeriter finit labores nee deerat honor sepulcri,
parvae enim aves corpora frondibus teneris texerunt.

cruore, 31, 7. hue illuc, 14, 10.

mulcet, 5, 4. questus, querelds, 4, 6.

placentas, llba, 16, 8. deerat, from desum.

reditum, 27, 6. texerunt, from tego.

39. The Rats in the Barn.

Erat olim in Germania mala fames, messis enim eo
anno fuerat nulla. Magna igitur turba civium cottidie a

36 ANECDOTES.

principe panem vehementer petebat. Tandem precibus
eorum fessus princeps crudelis omnes in horreum ingens
vana spe cibi induxit. Mox, ubi horreum plenum fuit,
flammas tecto admovit et omnes ad unum delevit. Inde
dum clamoribus miserrimis et caelum et terra resonant,
" Audite," inquit, " murium stridorem." Vix ea dixerat,
cum vocem magnam comites audiunt. " At miser, paucis
post diebus ildem mures tuum corpus devorabunt."
•>

fames, 38, 6. tecto, cf. texerunt, 38, 12.

ingens, 31, u. miser, wretch.

40. The Rats in the Barn — continued.

In medio Rheno forte eo tempore stabat turris altis-
sima ; hue princeps dira voce perterritus f ugit ; nihil enim
aqua tutius habet. Hie unum diem manebat tutus et
alterum ; tertia tamen nocte custodes mille pedum crepi-
tum audiunt. Mox ubi sol noctis umbras fugavit, immane
portentum vident. Utramque enim ripam fluminis innu-
merabilis murium multitude complet. lam mures in
aquam desiliunt turrimque petunt. Frustra princeps
portas fenestrasque obserat ; hi enim scandunt muros, illl
acutis dentibus llgneas portas rodunt. Passim in aedes
irrumpunt et universi in principem impetum faciunt.
Fnistra is deos invocat Iratos, sescentl enim hostes ex
osslbus cutem divellunt et crudelis fact! terribilem poenam
sumunt.

dira, 15, 4- obserat, 32, 4.

tutus, salvus, 31, 10. passim, kite illilc, 14, 10.

immane, ingens, 39, 4. sescentl, mtlia.

desiliunt, 33, 3. divellunt, 24, 2.

ANECDOTES. 37

41. The Pied Piper.

Hamelmam, urbem pulcherrimam, vexabat olim dira
pestis ; murium enim innumerabilis multitude non modo
omnia devorabat, sed etiam Infantes, dum iacent in cunis,
oppugnabat. Incolae omnia consilia frustra tentaverant ;
denique magnum pondus argent! proponunt, totius generis
exit! pretium. Hoc ipso tempore vir picta veste Insignis
intravit urbem laboremque suscipit. Statim magna
caterva eum ad forum deducit. Hue ubi pervenit advena,
ex sinu tibiam parvam detrahit paucosque modos fingit.
Vix id carmen cessaverat, ubi mirum prodigium evenit,
undique enim ad sonum ingenti tumultu mures concurrunt.
Primo consistunt, deinde omnes, albi, nigri, senes, iuvenes
ad modos tibiae saltant. Postremo uno impetu in flumen
e conspectu desiliunt.

cunis, 31, 6. fingit, 26, i.

pondus, 36, 9. prSdigium, portentum, 40, 6.

pretium, 36, 10. consistunt, 30, 9.

insignis, 28, 5. impetu, 34, 2.

42. The Pied Piper. — continued.

Primo elves rem vix credunt ; deinde laetitiae ingenti
se dedunt. lamque tibicen sui laboris praemium postulat.
At elves iam pericull expertes fidem ingrati violant et
magnam partem argent! retinent. Itaque iratus iterum
tibiam corripit alterumque carmen priore pulchrius fundit.
Protinus ex omnibus domibus magna puerorum virginum-
que caterva virum cingit. Inde tibicen, dum ill! chores
laetissimos agunt, omnes ad proplnquum montem deducit.

38 ANECDOTES.

Turn miser! parentes rem terribilem vident ; nam ipse
dehiscit mons et immense hiatu totam manum accipit.

laetitiae, 37, 6. fidem, 36, 5.

tibicen, cf. tlbiam, 41, 9. corripit, 36, 2.

expertes, liberdti. agunt, 37, 2.

43. Caught by the Tide.

Canutius, Icenorum rex, longe sapientior erat aliis
regibus. Huius olim opes et auctoritatem Onus ex
adsentatoribus hoc modo laudabat. " Nonne," inquit,
" rex magne, et mare vastum et celeres venti tua mandata
peragunt?" Rex nihil respondit sed postero die iussu
eius servl ad litus maritimum solium deducunt. In hoc
adsentatorem locat et ipse in rupe stat propinqua. Forte
aestus ex alto se incitabat. Turn rex, " Recurre," inquit,
" mare superbum ; nonne tu meus servus es ? Cur igitur
tui fluctus audaces meum solium ita violant ? " Fluctus
tamen surdi mandata regia non audiebant sed se in ipsum
solium inlidunt. Turn rex, " Nemo nisi Deus imperium
maris tenet."

et . . . et, 39, 7; 8, 5. posterd die, postrtdie, 37, i.

mandata, cf. manddvit, 36, 4. solium, 30, 2.

peragunt, 26, 8. propinqua, viand, 37,

2.

44. Rollo and the Two Sticks.

Apud Graecos scriptores hoc invenimus de Rollone,
cane callidissimo. Magister, dum ipse ambulat, semper
can! comitl scipionem suum auratum committebat. Hunc
Rollo superbo ore per vicos gerebat. Forte tamen
magister pro sclpione aurato baculum sumit ligneum
altero turpius. Hoc more suo canl committit. At Rollo

UNIVERSITY

THE RELATIVE. 39

propter tantum dedecus Iratus diii laborem recusat.
Tandem ubi magister baculum inter dentes mseruit, canis
e conspectu subito fugit ; brevi tamen ad magistrum sine
baculo recurrit. Tres inde menses magister frustra
baculum quaerebat; quarto tamen mense dum servl
fimum ex stabulls in agros transportant, baculum sub
ingenti fiml acervo inveniunt.

scipi5nem, baculum. more suo, 31, 3.

vicos, 17, 3. recusat, abnuit, 37, 10.

gerebat, ferebat. e conspectu, 41, 14.

ligneum, 40, 10. brevi = brevi tempore.

45. Buried Alive.

De eodem Rollone aliud et mirabilius invenimus.
Magnus anatum grex in lacu finitimo natabat. Harum
unam canis mir5 amore fovebat. Saepe iussu magistrl
hanc suo ore etiam ab ulteriore margine lacus ad pedes
eius reportabat. Ea quidem res erat gratior can! et
domino quam anati ; haec igitur pennls pedibusque canis
impetum semper fugiebat. Tandem Rollo tall pervicacia
defessus solum in horto effodit anatemque vivam sepelivit,
slve ludibrio, seu (ut magister credidit) quod eum locum
magis idoneum putavit.

mirabilius, cf. mirum, 41, 10. iussu, 43, 5.

fmitimo, vicino. ludibrio, cf. lud-os, 18, i.

THE RELATIVE.

24. (a) The Relative is used to avoid repeating a
word (called its antecedent) already used once.

video munim, quern Balbus aedificavit, / see the wall, which
Balbus built.

40 THE RELATIVE.

If there were no relative, we should have to say,
video murum et Balbus eum murum aedificavit, / see the

wall and Balbus built that wall.

Thus it has also the force of a conjunction and serves
to connect sentences.

• RULE 9. — The Relative agrees with its antecedent
in gender, number, and person.

1. nos, qui fortes sumus, pugnabimus, we, who are brave,

will fight.

2. tu, quae parva es puella, nutricem amis, you, who are

a little girl, love the nurse.

RULE io. — The Relative is not necessarily in the
same case as its antecedent, but in the case which
its antecedent would be in if repeated.

1. babes asiiium qui (asinus) est laboris patiens, you have

an ass which is patient of labor.

2. equus quern (equum) habemus est celer, the horse which

we have is fast.

3. virum cuius (viri) filius es amamus, we love the man

whose son you are.

4. hie est puer cui (puero) poma dedimus, this is the boy to

whom we gave the apples.

5. hasta qua (hasta) hostem occldisti erat acris, the spear

with which you killed the enemy was sharp.

(V) A sentence containing a relative word is often
called an adjectival clause, because it qualifies a
substantive like an adjective.

est mihi mensa quae est iiigra, / have a black table.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 41

A relative clause may be omitted without altering the
construction of any other word in the sentence.

(c) A relative word is often omitted in English
but never in Latin.

ubi est ea mensa quam heri vidi ? where is the table I saw
yesterday ?

(d) The relative always comes first in its own
clause (except after prepositions), and generally
next to the word it qualifies.

Relative words are —

qui, quails, quantus,
quo, qua, unde, ubi.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.

25. The Verb has two voices —

(1) Active, when you do something;

(2) Passive, when something is done to you.

In turning a sentence from an active into a
passive form

accusative becomes nominative,
nominative becomes ablative.

All other cases remain unchanged.

{anseres Manlium e somno excitaverunt, geese woke
Manlius from sleep.
Manlius e somno anseribus excitatus est, Manlius
was wakened from sleep by geese.

42 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.

( puer necabit lupum, the boy will kill a wolf.

\ lupus necabitur a puero, a wolf will be killed by a boy.

reives militibus cibum dabunt, citizens will give soldiers

food.

I cibus militibus a civibus dabitur, food will be given to
L ' soldiers by citizens.

( Caesar civitati ducentos imperat obsides, Ccesar
makes a demand upon the state for two hundred
j hostages.

ducenti obsides civitati imperantur a Caesare, two

hundred hostages are demanded of the state by
Ccesar.

(1) If the doer of the act is & per son, the preposition a
or ab is used with the ablative. It is then called the
Ablative of the Agent.

(2) Transitive verbs become intransitive in the passive.

1 . centaurus sagitta ab Hercule volneratus est, the Centaur

was wounded with an arrow by Hercules.

2. Hercules sagittas veneno tinxit, Hercules stained arrows

with poison.

3. via montibus altissimis contirebatur, the road was

hemmed in by very high mountains.

4. praemium victori debetur, a reward is due to the victor.

5. numquam mihi hoc persuadebitur, never shall I be per-

suaded of this.

ANECDOTES. 43

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following nine anecdotes require a knowledge

of-

(a) Relative Pronouns.

(£) Passive of conjugations I. and II.

46. A Ride on a Centaur's Back.

Centauri, qui in montibus Thessaliae habitabant, caput
manusque humanas equinum tamen corpus habebant.
Hercules olim per has regiones cum uxore Deianira,
quam nuper duxerat, iter faciebat. Mox ad ripas altl
rapidlque fluminis viatores perveniunt frustraque vadum
petunt. Subito occurrit centaurus quidam, nomine
Nessus. "Multae," inquit, " antea trans hoc flumen a
me transportatae sunt. Te quoque, 6 pulcherrima
Deianira, si cupis, lato meo tergo libenter transportabo ; "
simul feminam haud invitam suscipit ; deinde perfidus
magna celeritate in montes fugit

nuper, opp. olim. quoque, cf. etiam, 45, 4.

viatores, 37, 7. haud invitam, volentem.

47. A Ride on a Centaur's Back — continued.

Hercules autem, quern fraus centaur! non fallebat,
arcum rapuit et una ex iis sagittls quas ipse sanguine
Hydrae tinxerat fugitivum volneravit. At moribundus
feminae consilium hoc iniquissimum dat Nessus : "Accipe,"
inquit, "hanc tunicam, quam meus sanguis tinxit; haec
tibi aliquando amorem coniugis restituet." His verbis
centaurus occidit.

44 ANECDOTES.

Paucos post annos Hercules, Oechaliae victor, lolen
captivam Deianira pulchriorem adamavit. Haec igitur
verborum centaurl hand immemor, tunicam fatalem ad
coniugem misit. Hanc Hercules incautus induit et ipse
necatur dira vl illlus venenl quo olim suas sagittas
tinxerat.

fallebat, 26, 4. tinxerat, from tingo.

rapuit, cf. corripit, 42, 5. iniquissimum, cf. aequa, 18, 7.

sanguine, crtiore, 38, i. induit, 19, 2.

48. A Wonderful Dream.

Tres olim viatores a Gallia ad Italiam iter faciebant.
Via erat et longa et difficillima, quod undique montibus
altissimis continebatur. Saepe magnam cibi inopiam
viatores tolerabant ; tandem nihil illis supererat nisi unus
panis, baud ita grandis, quem omnes diligentissime
servabant. Hunc sibi quisque vindicat. Denique fessi
somno se dant panemque proponunt somrn insignissimi
praemium. Mane suum quisque comitibus somnium
narrat. Primus ex viatoribus sic incipit : " Mihi in
somnio apparebat rapum ingentissimum ; vix id trecenti
viri ex agro trahebant. Num. vos aliquid hoc mirabilius
videbatis ? Mihi certe praemium debetur."

tolerabant, 14, 3. trahebant, cf. abstrahit, 14, n.

supererat, 10, 6. num, 12, 4.

proponunt, 41, 5. mirabilius, 45, i.

49. A Wonderful Dream — continued.

Turn secundus, " Somnium quidem mirum narravisti ;
mihi tamen aliquid mirabilius visum est. Nam vidi in
somnio vas ingentissimum, quod vix qumgentl homines

ANECDOTES. 45

totius anni spatio paraverant. Facillime eo vase istud
rapum continebatur. Nonne hoc somnium mirabilius illo
iudicatis ? " At tertius, qul haec tacite audlverat, "Certe,"
inquit, " uterque vestrum rem mirabilem narravit panem-
que bene meruit. Mihi tamen aliquid mirum visum est.
Nam in somno (ut videbatur) esuriebam ; panem igitur
devoravl."

visum est, f r. videor. eo vase = in eo vase.

spatio, tempore. esuriebam, famem habebam.

50. The Lighthouse.

In ea parte Britanniae quae ad septentriones spectat
litus undique rupibus asperrimis continetur. Incolae
igitur, quod ibi multae naves naufragium fecerunt, turrim
altissimam, quae pharus appellatur, quadam in rupe
aedificaverunt. Hanc turrim habitabant senex et filia
eius parva, qul noctu semper incendebant lucernam, cuius
lumen saepe nautas de periculo praemonebat. At non-
numquam vis tempestatis labores nautarum exsuperat,
et navis Infelix aut sub undis se mergit, aut scopulis
crudelibus adflictatur.

turris, 40, i. exsuperat, cf. superabunt, 6, 6.

incendebant, 16, 6. mergit, 22, 7.

praemonebat, cf. monuit, 24, 4. scopulis, 26, 4.

51. The Lighthouse — continued.

Fuerunt olim multos dies continuae tempestates ;
tandem dies tranquillus succedit. lamque procul e turri
custodes magnam aspiciunt navem, quae in scopulis
haeret ; mox etiam paucos vident nautas, qui manibus
signa dant auxiliumque petunt. Turn virgo animosa cum

46 ANECDOTES.

patre parvam scapham deducit et remis vellsque navem
ambo petunt. Undique ingentes fluctus surgebant, vix
enim cessaverat procella ; nullo tamen periculo ill! terren-
tur sed e morte nautas eripiunt omnesque tutos ad turrim
reportant.

haeret, 2, 5. cessaverat, 41, 10.

animosa, fortis. procella, tempestds.

52. The Snowstorm.

Pastor! culdam duo erant filii, Brutus et Nero. Hie,
puer acutus, a parentibus praecipue amabatur ; ilium
tamen annis seniorem omnes stultum exlstimabant. Hi
olim cum cane suo aliquas petebant oves, quae per
montes devios erraverant. Forte dum procul a casa
paterna absunt, eos opprimit nox ; simul nix crebra omnia
operiebat et spem reditus eripuit. Tandem fessi labore
sub saxo ingenti sese proiciunt mortemque exspectant.
Turn Brutus e collo fratris taeniam, donum matris, detrahit
eaque cervicem canis circumdat ; "Age," inquit, "patrem
pete."

culdam, 46, 7. seniorem, from senex.

acutus, 24, 5. operiebat, obduc'ebat, 19, 6.

praecipue, 8, 8. proiciunt, cf. deiciunt, 38, 10.

53. The Snowstorm — continued.

Interea, quod pueri nondum revenerant, ingens sollici-
tudo pastoris animum agitabat. Subito latratum audit
canis ; portam aperit ; videt canem, qui taeniam sul fill
gerebat. Hanc ubi vir agnoscit sine mora facem accendit
et cum cane fideli, duce viae, tandem ad ipsum pervenit

ANECDOTES. 47

scopulum, sub quo pueri iacebant. Hie vero triste
spectaculum visum est ; Nero enim, quern frater suo
pallio texerat, placide dormiebat, at Brutus, qui suum
corpus hoc modo nudaverat, saevo gelu rigebat ; nam
puer fortis, quern propter segnitiam omnes deridebant,
vitam suam fratri condonaverat.

sollicitudo, cura, 10, 2. pallio, 17, 6.

aperit, 32, 5. rigebat, 7, 2.

agnoscit, cf. cogndscit, 22, 10. segnitiam, stultitiam.

accendit, cf. incendebant, 50. deridebant, 26, 5.

54. A Noble Action.

Philippus, eques Britannicus, alios equites fortitudine
animl corporisque viribus aequabat ; omnes tamen comi-
tate et mansuetudine superabat. Forte Britanni cum
Hispanis bellum gerebant atque equites utriusque
exercitus fere cottidianis pugnls vires exercebant. Ali-
quando dum urbem quandam Britanni oppugnant, Philip-
pus cum paucis comitibus magna manu hostium circum-
datus est. Diu et acriter nostri Hispanorum impetum
sustinebant. Tandem Philippus iaculo graviter volneratus
est. Post pugnam dum comites maestl Philippum mori-
bundum ad castra reportant, aliquis el galeam aquae
plenam dedit. Ille autem, etsi sitis fauces urebat, militi,
qui non procul iacebat avidisque oculis aquam lustrabat,
poculum dedit ; " Nonne huius volnera," inquit, "graviora
sunt meis ? "

aequabat, cf. aequa, 18, 7. graviter, ci.gravis, 36, 2.

utriusque, 49, 7. maestl, trist'es, 53, 6.

cottidianis, cf. cottidi'e, 39, 2. urebat, cf. adurunt, 16, 8.

48 PLACE.

26. A dative is naturally used to complete the
sense after such adjectives as —

amicus, utilis, similis,
propinquus, finitimus, par.

"GUI" VERBS.

27. A few verbs, which we should expect to govern
an accusative, for some reason or other prefer the
dative. The most common are —

parco, pareo, placeo,
faveo, noceo, servio,
invideo, nubo, ignosco,
maledico, indulgeo.

magister, cui paremus, benignus est, the master 'whom ive

obey is kind.
parcit mihi, he spares me.

These verbs are called "cui" verbs from the dative of
the relative pronoun, with which they are sometimes used.

RULE II. — Many verbs compounded with ad,
ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, and super,
take the dative.

PLACE.

28. (i) Place where is expressed by the ablative
with the preposition in.

Exception. Names of towns use an old case
called the Locative.

PLACE. 49

The locative in the singular of declensions I. and
II. is the same form as the genitive, elsewhere
commonly the ablative.

These locatives are also found,

domi, at home,
ruri, in the country,
humi, on the ground.

(2) Place whither is expressed by the accusative
with ad or in.

Exception. Names of towns (also domus and rus)
omit the preposition.

" To," when it means towards, is never the sign of the
dative, but always of the accusative.

(3) Place whence is expressed by the ablative with
ab or ex.

Exception. Names of towns (also domus and rus}
omit the preposition.

The name of a small island is treated as if it were a
town.

1. naves Tarenti aedificatae sunt, ships were built at

Tarentum.

2. Pericles Athenis habitabat, Pericles lived at Athens.

3. exercitus in Hispaiiiam missus est, an army was sent

to Spain.

4. postero die Corinthum pervenit, on the next day he came

to Corinth.

5. ex Hispania statim discessit, he departed at once from

Spain.

50 ANECDOTES.

6. Galli Roma baud procul aberant, the Gauls were not

distant from Rome.

7. domum ex urbe revenit, he returned home from the city.

8. Cypri multi erant servi, there were many slaves at

Cyprus.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following nine anecdotes require a knowledge
of-

(a) Comparison of Adjectives (Irregular).

(b) Indicative \ Passive of the Third and Fourth
Imperative > Conjugations.

55. The Ugly Duckling.

IngentI aliquando gaudio complebantur incolae cuius-
dam fundi, gallma enim ex ovis pullos nuper excluserat.
Unum tamen ex ovis, quod grandius erat ceteris, adhuc
integrum manebat. Turn pavo, qui maximus natu erat
omnium, his verbis gallinam admonet : " lam satis
laboravisti ; tandem inutile istud ovum desere." At
galllna pertinax consilium pavonis non audit multosque
inde dies in loco manet. Denique post tantum laborem
parit pullum, qui ceteros magnitudine quidem corporis
superabat, sed specie et forma longe Inferior videbatur ;
nam erant ei turpes pedes, deforme corpus, collum
procerum.

gaudio, 37, 5. integrum, 36, 5.

cuiusdam, 52, i. inde, 44, 10.

pullos, 26, 2. quidem, to be sure.

excluserat, from excludo. turpes, opp. pulchru

grandius, 48, 5. prScerum, longum*

ANECDOTES. 51

56. The Ugly Duckling — continued.

Diu in hoc fun do anaticula turpis vltam infelicem
agebat; nemo enim el favebat. Gallinae quidem cum
pavonibus miseram volucrem spernebant, quod aquam ita
amavit. Anates autem et anseres duris rostrls advenam
sua aqua depellebant. Tandem maesta et infelix a fundo
in locum desertum effugit, qua sola totam hiemem habita-
bat. At vere novo ad lacum advenit, in quo multi cygni
natabant. His duo puerl frusta panis iactabant. Turn
ilia, quod iam mortem optabat, ad cygnos ipsa natavit,
flexitque caput ad ictum rostrorum. At attonita suam
imaginem, quam aqua reddebat, vidit audlvitque vocem
puerorum, qui cygnum ceteris pulchriorem laetl accipie-
bant. Anaticula enim turpis gracilis cygnus evaserat.

fundo, 55, 2. qua. = 2uom loco.

anaticula =parva anas. his = his cygnis.

turpis, de for mis, 55, n. flexit, from facto.

depellebant, deturbabant, 2, 7. evaserat, from evado.

57. The Touch of Gold.

Midas, rex Phrygiae, quod olim Baccho placuerat,
egregio munere a deo donatus est. "Delige, rex magne,"
inquit deus, "id quod maxime cupis ; hoc tibi libenter
dabo." Turn vir avarus mirum donum impetravit, omnia
enim quae suo corpore tangebat in aurum mutata sunt.
Pr5tinus rex laetus regiam domum percurrebat manuque
vasa, mensas, lectos, omnia tangebat. Inde ubi nihil
ligni aut argent! in aedibus manebat, gratias pro tanto
benencio Baccho persolvit Tandem labore fessus cenam

52 ANECDOTES.

poscit avidisque oculis dapes splendidas lustrat Mox
tamen ubi piscem ad 6s admovet, cibus in aurum statim
mutatus est ; rex igitur, cuius in faucibus rigida haerebat
massa, vlnum poscit ; idem evenit. Tandem rex esu-
riens, quod nihil nee edebat nee bibebat compluribus
diebus, maximis precibus Bacchum orat. Inde cum risu
deus fatale donum amovet.

egregio, mlro. dapes, epulas, 9, i.

munere, dond. faucibus, 54, 12.

protinus, 33, 5. haerebat, 2, 5.

ligni, cf. Itgneas, 40, 10. esuriens, 49, 9.

gratias . . . persolvit, cf. 13, 12. edebat, 34, 4.

58. The Gossiping Trees.

Apollo olim, curvae lyrae inventor, cum Satyro quodam
de arte sua decertabat. Tandem tanti certaminis arbi-
trium ambo ad Midam regem (de quo supra demonstra-
vimus) commlserunt. Rex autem, qui numeros omnino
Ignorabat, postquam carmina utriusque audiverat, Satyro
palmam dedit. Deus igitur, tall stultitia iratus, capiti
regis asini aures adfixit. Turn rex callidum consilium
concepit ; regium enim tonsorem ascivit, cuius opera
suum dedecus ab oculis omnium abditum est. At tonsor,
vir loquax, qui, dum manet in urbe, rem vix celabat, rus
discessit, regisque fortunam arboribus narravit. Hae
autem comarum susurro, quod vento rami agitati sunt, his
verbis rem volgabant, " Sunt Midae aures asini."

commlserunt, from committo. callidum, 44, 2.

numeros, modds, 41, 9. tonsorem, 19, 4.

utriusque, 54, 4. ascivit, advocdvit.

palmam, praemium, 48, 8. CQia&r\mL,folidrum.

ANECDOTES. 53

59. A Scape-Goat.

Volpes sitiens, quae desiluerat in puteum baud ita
altum sed lateribus praeruptis postquam omnem rationem
fugae frustra tentaverat, ab omni spe reditus interclusa
est. Mox tamen caper, qul aquam petebat, quod fervid!
solis radii agros urebant, ad eundem puteum advenit.
" Salve," inquit, " dulcissima, nonne aqua ista frigida est
et iucunda ? " " At numquam iucundiorem bibi," respon-
dit volpes, " desili igitur quam celerrime, ego enim iam
diu parco aquae, quod te exspecto." Hoc ubi audivit
stultum animal, in puteum desiluit. At volpes callida
in cornua amici prosiluit, quorum opera sese ad terram
sublevavit. Inde miser! amici immemor domum discessit.

sitiens, cf. sitis, 54, 12. reditus, 52, 7.

desiluerat, 13, 9. urebant, 54, 12.

praeruptis, 26, i. callida, 58, 7.

60. Ingratitude.

Apud antiques scriptores multa legimus de quodam
equite, qui Philippum (de quo supra demonstravimus)
mansuetudine exsuperabat. Huic ehim, dum saucius
humi iacet, aquam multo labore apportaverat amicus. Is
autem insigni abstinentia aquam uni ex hostibus, qui
iuxta iacebat, integram praebuit. At perfidus hostis, dum
donum accipit, cultro manum quae poculum porrigebat
volneravit. Turn eques ingrato viri animo iratus, post-
quam eum modice culpaverat, partem aquae ipse bibit,
partem tamen hosti iterum dedit.

mansuetudine, 54, 3. integram, totam.

saucius, volneratus. cultro, 27, 8.

insigni, mirdbili. bibit, 58, 7.

54 ANECDOTES.

61. The Wolves.

Omnium animalium, quae Scythiam incolunt, taeterrimi
sunt lupl ; hi enim saepe ab omni parte conveniunt per-
que silvas magno agmine praedam exquirunt. Femina
quaedam cum tribus liberis per has silvas in curru vehe-
batur. Subito luporum ululatum audiunt et mox dlrum
agmen apparet. Frustra ilia habenas dat equo, equos
enim facile cursu adsiduo exsuperant lupi. Vix breve
spatium interponitur miseraque femina linguas san-
guineas, fauces nigras, dentes crudeles aspicit. lam
fervidum spiritum saevorum animalium fere sentit. Turn
metu vesano mater ex curru minimum natu liberorum
deicit et dono horribili impetum luporum parumper
cohibet.

taeterrimi, horribiles. sanguineas, cf. sanguis, 47, 5.

agmine, grege, 25, 6. fervidus, 59, 4.

exquirunt, petunt. vesano, insdno.

habenas, 21, 7. parumper, opp. diu, 2, 5.

62. The Wolves — continued.

Prlmo atrox consilium successit, lupl enim, dum saevo
clamore praedam rapiunt, agmen sistunt ; mox tamen
ubi carnem ex ossibus miserl infantis dilaniaverant (nee
longus ille fuit labor) iterum fugientibus mstabant. Ite-
rum femina mfellx idem facit alterumque Infantem lupls
concedit. lamque per arbores, spectaculum gratissimum,
visa sunt tecta aedium in quibus amici habitabant fessus-
que equus ingeminat cursum. Nee tamen domum advenit,

ANECDOTES. 55

antequam mater tertium Infantem eodem modo morti
obiecit.

Inde ubi convocaverat propmquos fatum liberorum
suamque fugam narravit. Turn maximus natu, dum ceteri
horrore obstupefacti sunt ; " Tu tuis infantibus," voce
inquit terribili, "non parcebas ; nee ego tibi nunc parcam."
Haec ubi dixerat, securi, quam manu tenebat, caput impiae
matris percussit.

atrox, crudele, 24, i. ingeminat, 27, 10.

dilaniaverant, cf . divellebat, 24, 2. parcebas, 59, 9.
mstabant, i, 5. percussit, from percutio.

63. A Cat's Paw.

Apicio mercatori, qui Capuae vlvebat, ex Aegypto felem,
slmiam ex Libya suae naves transportaverant. Hae qui-
dem bestiae sub tect5 mercatoris concordissime vivebant,
longe tamen aliud fuit utrlusque ingenium. Ilia natura
tardier magnam diel partem dormiebat ; haec alacrior
comitem stolidam saepe per ioca vexabat. Forte Apicius
castaneas aliquando Igne torrebat Has ubi videt simia,
ad ignem accedit avidisque oculls nuces observat. Diu
haeret incerta ; dulces quamquam fruges animum adliciunt,
fervidus ignis a furto deterret. Subito manu felem, quae
ante ignem more suo dormiebat, rapit et pede eius casta-
neas singillatim ex igne detrahit. Deinde dum ilia magno
gemitu casum deplorat, ipsa nuces secura devorat.

aliud, dissimile. accedit, appropmquat.

tardior, stolidior. casum, dolor em.

torrebat, 16, 6. secura, 27, 3.

56 INFINITIVE.

VERB.

29. Every Verb has two parts —

(1) Finite, limited by person.

amo, / love.
amas, you love.
amat, he loves.

(2) Non-finite, not limited by person.

amare, to love.

The FzWte part of the verb contains the indica-
tive, subjunctive, and imperative moods.

The Non-finite part of the verb contains infinitives,
gerunds, supines, and participles.

These are partly verb, partly substantive or adjec-
tive.

As Verb (i) they govern cases.

(2) they have tenses.
As Noun r (i) they follow the ordinary rules of num-

or ^ ber, gender, and case.

Adjective [ (2) they cannot form complete sentences.

INFINITIVE.
30. The Infinitive is used —

(i) Like the nominative of an ordinary noun, as sub-
ject to a verb; e.g.—

C hoc pomum est iucundum, this apple is pleasant.
\ edere est iucundum, to eat is pleasant.

SPACE. 57

C fames nocet pueris, hunger is hurtful to boys.

2. \ m'minm edere nocet pueris, to eat too much is hurtful
I to boys.

3. videre est credere, to see is to believe.

4. dare quam accipere melius est, to give is better than to

receive.

5. Cato dlcitur discessisse ex urbe, Cato is said to have

gone from the city.

(2) As accusative to such verbs as possum, void, audeo,
soled, conor, incipio, statud, etc., which are not often found
with the accusative of ordinary nouns.

1 . ex equis pugnare solent, they are accustomed to fight on

horseback.

2. potesne huic persuadere ? are you able to persuade him ?

SPACE.

31. In measuring distance, height, breadth, etc.,
the accusative is used.

1. Britannia a Gallia multa milia passuum abest, Britain

is many miles distant from Gaul.

2. haec arbor est viginti duos pedes alta, this tree is twenty-

two feet high.

But when two things are compared, the difference
between them is put into the ablative.

1. multo plures quam hostes sumus, we are much more

numerous than the enemy.

2. altus erat sex pedes, pede altior quam soror, he was six

feet high, a foot taller than his sister.

58 ANECDOTES.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

The following anecdotes require a knowledge of —
(a) Indicative "1 passive of verbs in -id, third con-
Imperative J jugation.
(b} Infinitive active of the four conjugations.
(c) Ahoflossum, void, nolo, maid.

64. A Breach of Discipline.

Fredericus, Germanorum rex, quod ab hostibus pre-
mebatur, saevissima discipline, mllites cohibebat. Rex
saepe noctu solus per castra ambulabat et ipse custodes
in stationibus disponebat. Aliquando dum more suo
castra perlustrat, videt lucernam quae in tabernaculo
finitimo ardebat. Rex igitur, qul maxima Ira movebatur,
quod ignem mllitibus interdlxerat, silenter tabernaculum
intravit. Hie miles epistulam scrlbebat ad uxorem. Dum
multis verbis dura perlcula belli, suam salutem, amorem-
que constantem narrat, subito regem Iratum aspicit. Turn
rex, " Iterum epistulam repete, haec tamen adde ; vale,
6 carissima, eras enim ego, quia imperatorl male parui,
capitis damnabor."

premebatur, 38, 7. more su5, 31, 3.

cohibebat, 6 1, ad fin. lucernam, 50, 6.

stationibus, 29, 7. ardebat, 14, 9.

65. A Bull's-eye.

Loxias, quod vitam in silvls semper degebat, omnes
alios sagittarios superabat. Saepe lupos aquilasque volu-
cribus sagittls transflgebat, nee umquam frustra ab eo
telum mlssum est. Forte inc'olae urbis proplnquae ludos
sollemnes celebrabant. Prlmo quadrlgas agitabant iuvenes,
deinde pugnls certabant, postremo certamen sagittariorum

ANECDOTES. 59

Institutum est. Diu Loxias, qui cum ceteris decertare
noluit, se a certamine abstinuit, nee arcum ab umerls
amovit. Denique quidam ex regiis sagittariis, cul nomen
erat Hubertus, sive casu, seu quod ventus ei favebat,
mediam metam sagitta transfixit. Turn demum Loxias
arcum tendit et suo telo sagittam HubertI in duas partes
findit. Ingens ad caelum tollitur clamor omnesque Loxian
victorem salutant.

degebat, agebat, 56, i, 2. pugnis, from piignus.

sagittarios, cf. sagitta. certabant, decertdbant, 58, 2.

45, 2. arcum, 47, 2.

66. The Weather-wise Donkey.

Ludovicus, rex Gallorum, fidem maximam habebat el
generi hominum, qui astrologi vocantur, quod motu stella-
rum imbres ventosque praedlcere solent. Rex, qui multum
in venationibus erat, aliquando dum magnum cervum
canibus per silvas agitat, celeri equo longe ante omnes
socios praetervectus est. Interea caelum nubibus obscu-
ratur gravisque imber cum multa grandine in terram
decidit. Rex igitur, quod parvam casam inter arbores
videt, tempestatis perfugium petit. Turn ubi is graviter
incusabat indoctos illos astrologos, " Nulla tamen tem-
pestas," respondit agricola cuius casa erat, "me incautum
excipit ; semper enim meus asinus, qui fruges horti ad
forum portare solet, voce rauca imbrem mihi praedicit."
" Nlmirum," cum risu respondit rex, " si tuus asinus tarn
bonus astrologus est, meos astrologos posthac in numero
asinorum habebo."

venationibus, cf. n, 4. indoctSs, tgndrds, u, 2.

agitat, 65, 5. rauca, 12, 8.

incusabat, increpdbat, 1 6, 9. risu, 57, ad fin.

60 ANECDOTES.

67. How to please Everybody!

Senex quidam, qui asinum vendere voluit, cum filio eum
ad urbem ducebat. Mox occurrunt choro virginum, quae
dona ad templum Minervae portabant. " Hercle," inquit
ex his maxima natu, "numquid potest esse stultius illls,
qui pedibus iter faciunt, nee asino vehuntur?" Hoc ubi
audlvit senex, filium asinum conscendere iussit et ipse
alacri gressu iter pergebat. Non procul ab eo loco aliqul
senes sermonem inter se serebant. Turn unus, "Eheu,"
inquit, " quantum tempora mutantur ! Ubi nunc est ille
senectutis proprius honor ? desili ex asino, puer impu-
dens, et patrl cede." Inde iuvenis, quern pudor fact! iam
movet, celeriter id quod sibi imperatum est facit senexque
invicem asinum conscendit.

occurrunt, ir, 6. alacri, celeri.

maxima natu, cf. minimum ndtu, 61, n. pergebat, 27, 4.
vehuntur, cf. praeterv'ectus est, 66, 6. desili, 59, 8.

68. How to please Everybody ! — continued.

Forte via secundum flumen ducebat, in quo duae feminae
vestes lavabant. Hae ubi viatores vident, una voce crude-
litatem patris filique durum laborem plorant. Senex igitur,
qui omnibus placere vult, puerum post se sedere iubet.
Nee tamen ea res prospere evenit, quod alius viator iis
occurrit. "O impudentiam nefandam!" inquit, "facilius
potestis asinum ipsi vehere, quam vos miserum animal."
Turn senex, qui ne id quidem ineptum putabat, postquam
crura asini funibus ad magnum contum vinxerat, novum
onus cum maximo labore in suos filique umeros sub-
levavit. At asinus, cui haec minime placebant, dum

DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE. 61

ponte flumen transmittunt, subito nisu vincula rumpit et
in aquam praecipitatur.

evenit, 41, 10. contum, 27, 4.

occurrit, 67, 2. sublevavit, 59, 12.

vehere, portdre. transmittunt, trdnseunt.

DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE.

32. Verbs which make sense with an accusative
either of the person or of the thing, sometimes use
both at once. This is called Double Accusative.
te philosophiam docebo, / will teach you philosophy.

(1) With some verbs the accusative of the thing is
generally expressed by the present infinitive.

docebo te tacere, / will teach you to be silent.
quis te vetuit canere, who forbade your singing?
omnes discedere iussit, he ordered all to depart.
Cimbros prohibuerunt suos fines vastare, they kept the Cimbri
from laying waste their territories.

(2) If converted into the passive —

Accusative of person becomes nominative.
Accusative of thing remains.

magister docet puenim litteras, the master teaches the boy
letters.

puer docetur litteras a magistro, the boy is taught letters
by the master.

patres consulem exercitum scribere iussenmt, the fathers
ordered the consul to enroll an army.

consul a patribus exercitum scribere iussus est, the con-
sul was ordered by the fathers to enroll an army.

62 ANECDOTES.

QUALITY.

33. A quality is something peculiar in a man which
distinguishes him from others.

A man •with a beard.
In English quality is expressed —

By an adjective.

A talented man.

By the equivalent of the Latin genitive.
A man of talents.

By the equivalent of the Latin ablative.
A man without talent.

In Latin, if the genitive or ablative is used, an
epithet must always be put in.

vir ingeniosus, a talented man.

vir summi ingenl, a man of the highest talent.

vir nullo ingenio, a man without any talent.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.
The following anecdotes require a knowledge of—

(a) Infinitive passive of the four conjugations.
(£) Also fero, fid, eo.

69. The Inexhaustible Purse.

Die Dianae sacro duo advenae sordida veste et specie
humill cibum petebant ab Ephesiis, qul templum deae

ANECDOTES. 63

celebrabant. Ubi ex tot divitibus nemo preces audire
voluit, piscatorem pauperem, qui adstabat, auxilium roga-
verunt. "At," respondit ille, " est mihi nee cibus nee
argentum domi, quod continuae tempestates pisces a
nostrls oris iamdudum depellunt. Si tamen mecum venire
vultis, hanc noctem sub meo tecto requiescere poteritis."
Inde advenas, qui laeti beneficium accipiunt, domum ad
uxorem ducit. Ilia autem maesta, quod digno hospitio
advenas non potest accipere, loculos vacuos, inopiae sig-
num, ostendit. Subito ad terram decidunt asses duo.
Piscator miraculo attonitus vinum cibumque emit ; nee
posthac duram paupertatem ferebat, numquam enim loculir
deerant divmi asses.

sordid!, squalida. Oris, litoribus, 43, 6.

veste, vestimentd, 17, i. maesta, trtstis, 53, 6.

divitibus, from dives. decidunt, 66, 8.

adstabat, aderat. paupertatem, cf. pauperem, 4.

rogaverunt, petierunt. deerant, from desum,

70. The Golden Loaf.

Lydon, agricola pauper sed probus, aliquando cum
filio edebat parvum panem, quem totius die! mercede vix
emerat. Dum puer dentibus suam partem panis frangit,
complures nummi aurei, qui in cibo occulti erant, in
gremium eius deciderunt. Hoc ubi videt puer, " Accipe,"
inquit laeta voce, " pater, hos nummos, quos deus aliquis
tibi, paupertatis remedium, tribuit." " Minime, caris-
sime," respondit pater, "pecuniam potius reddemus
pistori, qui, dum panem coquit, pecuniam cum farina
nescio quo casu miscuit." Sine mora ambo ad pistorem
properant remque narrant. Turn ille, " Macte virtute,

64 ANECDOTES.

Lydon ;. fortunam quam bene meruisti carpe ; hunc enim
panem iussu regis el quern inveni probissimum libenter do."

probus, opp. inhonestus, 8, i. deciderunt, 69, ad fin.

edebat, 57, ad fin. nescio q\id = atit?u0.

emerat, 69, ad fin. casu, 63, ad fin.

nummi, 36, 6. carpe, 38, 6.

71. Hospitality.

Multa audivimus de luxu divitilsque eorum sacerdotum
qui sacrls Cereris praeerant. Ex his unus, cui nomen
erat Lycus, quamquam modicas modo divitias habebat,
omnes alios benignitate et liberalitate superabat. Hie
enim, qui cottidie cibum semel edebat, semper ad fruga-
lem cenam binos pauperes vocabat. Aliquando dum cum
duobus pauperibus cenare incipit, tertius hospes, quem
ipse non vocaverat, domum intravit. Turn Lycus, quod
cena quattuor convivis non suppetebat, suum lectum
advenae concessit. (Romani enim, dum cenant, in lectis
semper iacebant.) "Tu,"" inquit, "hodie cena ; equidem
heri cenavi ; eras quoque, si dis ita placet, cenabo."

praeerant, fromfraesum. convivis, 9, i.

benignitate, cf. benignus, n, i. lectum, 57, 7.
pauperes, 70, i. dis, from deus, 13, ad fin.

72. Honesty is the Best Policy.

Padius, agricola probus, qui multo labore aliquid argenti
conlegerat, vaccam tandem emit, cuius lacte et sese et
liberos alebat. Complures menses satis pabuli praebebat
pratum baud ita magnum ; at media aestate, quod totus
ager ardore solis torrebatur, ilia fame misere pressa est.
Hoc ubi sensit Padius, quod acerrimo dolore perturbatus

ANECDOTES. 65

est, ad horreum divitis colon!, qui non procul habitabat,
noctu accessit. Hie postquam umeros magno fen I pondere
oneravit, subito suae virtutis memor pabulum his verbis
ad terrain deiecit ; " Magna est probitas, nee malo furto
vaccam servare volo." Postrldie colonus, quern nee factum
nee verba Pad! fefellerant, donum ad eum misit tantum
feni, quantum plaustro vehl poterat, cum epistula, in qua
haec scripta erant: "Magna vero est probitas, equidem
tamen tuam vaccam servare volo."

praebebat, 60, 6. fefellerant, from /#//<?.

torrebatur, 16, 6. vehl, portdri.

probitas, cf. probus. equidem, 71, ad fin.

73. Self-Restraint.

Voluerunt olim animalia novum creare regem, quod
leo, qui regnum antea obtinuerat, a venatore quodam
occisus erat. Itaque certo die simius, cuius ioca ceteris
magno opere placebant, suffragils omnium rex creatus est.
Volpes tamen, cui simi nova dlgnitas minime grata fuit,
regem submovere constituit. "Veni mecum," inquit,
" rex magne, inveni enim sub antiqua quercu multum
argenti, quod iure regum tibi proprium est." Simius
statim iussit earn ad locum se ducere inciditque in plagas,
quas volpes paraverat. Turn ilia cum rlsu, " Quo modo
tu potes," inquit, " alios regere, qui ne te ipsum quidem
regere potes ? "

regnum obtinuerat, regndverat. mecum, 69, 7.

magno opere, maxime. plagas, insidids.

submovere, cf. dmovet, 57, ad fin. paraverat, fecerat.

66 ANECDOTES.

74. A Promising Pupil.

Medicus qiridam gloriosus, qui maxima paupertate
premebatur, omnium animos in se convertere voluit. Is
igitur dum per urbem album asinum ducit, magna voce
clamitabat, " Hunc quern videtis asinum, elves, litteras
Latmas docere possum." Turn rex, cui id nuntiatum est,
postquam hominem ad se arcessivit, eum rem statim
perficere iussit. Is vero operam libenter suscipit, sed
moram decem annorum postulat. Postero die unus ex
amicis medicum ita admonuit ; " Fuge, 6 stultissime, ex
hac regione, tu enim capitis certe damnaberis, quod rem
quae fieri non potest suscepistl." At ille, " Bono es
animo, amice ; nam decem annis aut ego aut rex aut
asinus occiderimus."

premebatur, 38, 7. capitis damnaberis, 64, ad fin.

arcessivit, advdcdvit. occiderimus, 47, 7.

75. Counting her Chickens.

Phyllis, ancilla quaedam, mulctrarium novi lactis ple-
num Nolam ferebat. Dum iter facit, suas opes ita
numerabat. " Certe," inquit, " ubi lac vendidero, ova
complura potero emere. Nonne ex ovls gignuntur pulli ?
ex pullis argentum ? Turn suem emere in animo est,
quae brevi porculos multos mihi pariet. Inde erit mihi
vacca ; nee multo post vitulus fusco colore, oculis pulcher-
rimis. Quanta laetitia vitulum, dum saltat in pratis,
aspiciam ! " Haec ubi dixit, prae gaudio saltavit ipsa, quo
subito motu lac omne una cum divitiarum spe effusum est.

opes, divitids. pariet, feret.

suem, from sus. fusco, nigro.

brevi, brevi temfore. effusum? from effunrfo.

PARTICIPLES. 67

PARTICIPLES.

34. Participles are partly Adjective, partly Verb.

Participles may often be translated by a relative
clause, or by an adverbial clause, introduced by the
conjunctions when, while, because, etc.

1 . vidi meum fTlinm salt antem.

( dancing.
I saw my son \ 7 ., 7 . .

^ while he was dancing.

2. vidi latronem gladio armatum.

( armed with a sword.
I have seen a robber 4 . ,

( who was armed.

3. hostes victi pacem petiemnt

( conquered, sought for peace.
The enemy, \ y ° J

( when they had been conquered.

4. milites armis impediti fugere non potuerunt.

( hammered with their arms, could not flee.
The soldiers, \ , ., , . ,

(^ because they were hampered.

5. flumen eos transituros equites oppressenint.

( about to cross the river.

The cavalry surprised them < , , . . ^

( as they were on the point.

N.B. — Remember that the past participle is passive, and do not
translate it by having.

PRICE AND VALUE.

35. Fixed value is expressed by the ablative ;
tmfixed value is expressed by the genitive.

i. parvi hostes habet, he thinks the enemy of little impor-
tance.

68 ANECDOTES.

2. emit hortos ducentis minis, he bought the gardens for two

hundred minae,

3. vendidi altenim equum talento, alterum pluris, / sold one

horse for a talent, the other for more.
f quanti aestimas agnim ? at what price do you value the

4. J field?

[_ quinque talentis, (af) five talents.

36. The relative is often used in Latin after a
full stop. This does not make the sentence adjec-
tival, but simply serves to connect it with what has
gone before.

RULE 12. — After a full stop do not translate the
relative by who or which, but by the demonstratives
he, this, etc., with or without a conjunction.

1 . quod ubi sensit, (and} when he perceived this.

2. cui respond! t senex, (buf) the old man answered him.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

76. Adventures of Robert, King of Scots.

Robertus, Scotorum rex, vir et armis et virtute inslgnis,
bellum cum Britannls non prospere prlmo gerebat. Erant
enim in castris hostium complures Scot!, qui ob privatam
invidiam Britannls auxilium praebebant. Ex his unus
constituit regem capere per canem fidelissimum, quern
ipse donum ab eo acceperat. Robertus forte maioribus
hostium copiis circumdatus suos fugae causa in omnes

ANECDOTES. 69

partes discedere iusserat ; ipse tamen cum uno comite se
in silvas abdidit. At hostes cane ductl regis perfugium
facile invenerunt. Hie autem latratu canis admonitus
per alveum fluminis duo milia passuum ambulavit ; quo
consilio saevos hostes elusit. Canis enim, qui vestigia
domini terra cognoscere poterat, aqua omnino falsus est.

insignis, 30, 7. abdidit, from abdo.

constituit, 73, 6. elusit, decepit.

se . . . abdidit, se celavit, 1 2, 10. falsus est, 47, i.

77. Adventures of Robert — continued.

Postquam duas horas in silva densissima erraverant,
tandem rex comesque fidelis tribus viris armatis specie
feroci obviam iverunt. Rex tamen, etsi hos in susplcione
habuit, fame confectus hospitium datum non abnuit.
Inde ductus ad casam, quae baud procul aberat, benigne
acceptus est a latronibus, qul totam ovem coxerunt
magnamque partem advenls dederunt. Post cenam Ro-
bertus longo labore defessus somno sese dedit. Comes
tamen, qui a rege vigilare iussus erat, gravi somno op-
pressus officium omisit. Turn latrones, qui ipsi somnum
simulaverant, furtim petebant earn partem casae qua
hospites dormiebant.

obviam iverunt, occurrerunt. coxerunt, from coquo.

etsi, quamquam. Smisit, neglexit.

abnuit, recusat, 28, 8. furtim, cf. furtum ; fur, 12, 10.

78. Adventures of Robert — continued.

Rex tamen, qui leviter dormiebat, somno excitatus a
lecto prosiluit et postquam comitem suscitavit, gladium
destrinxit. Atrox inde certamen factum est, rex enim

70 ANECDOTES.

gladio unum e latronibus transfixit ; at comes Infelix
subitd impetu perturbatus a latronibus interfectus est.
Turn rex Ira et dolore incensus, quod gladium e corpore
latronis interfecti detrahere non poterat, face ardenti,
quam e foco corripuerat, alterius latronis caput ellsit.
Quod ubi videt tertius, morte comitum perterritus fugam
tentavit. Nee tamen e periculo evasit, rex enim iam
armatus gladio quo occisum latronem spoliaverat, hostem
fugientem mortal! volnere confecit.

destrinxit, eduxit. ellsit,//^'/, 65, 13.

certamen, pugna. evasit, effugit.

79. A Lover Lost.

Galli, qul audaciam maximl aestimabant, ferarum cer-
taminibus multum delectabantur. Aliquando rex cum
magna caterva nobilium mulierumque clararum ludos
sollemnes aspiciebat. Quaedam ex his, quae sponsi forti-
tudinem tentare voluit, aureum torquem deiecit in mediam
harenam, qua leo ingens cum duobus tigribus certamen
acerrimum agebat. "Tu quidem," inquit, "si quid in te
residet amoris erga me, torquem mihi e feris eripe."
Statim iuvenis his verbis accensus in harenam se praeci-
pitavit ; saltu alacri torquem rapuit ; tutus cum praemio
rediit. Turn ille, dum omnes factum plaudunt, cum risu
ad pedes virginis crudelis torquem proiecit. " Tu qui-
dem," inquit, "rneam vitam minimi habuisti ; ego tuum
amorem."

sponsi, cf. 29, 5. praemio, palmd, 58, 6.

deiecit, 38, 10. proiecit, 52, 8.

alacri, celeri. habuisti, aestimdvisti.

ANECDOTES. 71

80. The Guards Outwitted.

Henrlcus, rex Britannorum, qul cum civibus turbu-
lentis bellum gerebat, filium suum equitatui praefecerat.
Hie tamen, iuvenis acer, quod equitibus hostium effusis
audacius mstiterat, tandem captus est ab hostibus. Victo-
res autem, qul 'captive volebant indulgere, eum sinebant
cottidie cum paucis custodibus in equo vehl. Aliquando
custodes iussu principis inter se cursu equorum contende-
bant. Tandem postquam equi omnium cursu et labore
confectl sunt, prmceps, qul a certamine de industria
abstinebat, " En," inquit, " vobis novum certamen propo-
no." Cum his verbls equum integrum incitavit celeriter-
que e conspectu hostium fessorum ad amicos vectus est.

turbulentis, s'editiosls, 21, 3. institerat, perseciitus erat.

effusis, pulsis. confecti, defessl.

81. A Disguised Monarch.

lacobus, rex Scotorum, vir gloriae militaris avidus,
saepe sine ullo comite errabat, veste suae fortunae dissi-
mili indutus. Olim dum per quandam silvam iter facit,
de improviso a tribus latronibus oppressus in maximum
capitis periculum adductus est. At rusticus quidam, qui
ad clangorem armorum occurrerat, securi armatus regi
volneribus et labore paene confecto auxilium attulit fuga-
vitque latrones. Turn ubi rusticus pro tanto beneficio
praemium accipere noluit, rex "Saltern," inquit, "redl
mecum ad urbem, qua te dlgno accipiam hospitio, quod
ipse apud regem habito."

indutus, 47, ad fin. oppressus, raptus.

de impr5vis5, subito. attulit, from adfero.

72 DEPONENT VERBS.

82. Which is the King?

Rusticus, qui regem videre valde cupiebat, laetus cum
hospite Ignoto ad regiam iter fecit. Post cenam rex " Si
vis," inquit, " mecum in alteram partem aedium Ire, et
regem et nobiles complures tibi ostendam." " Maxime,"
respondit rusticus, " sed quo modo regem cognoscere
potero ? " "Facile," respondit ille, "nam ceterl sunt
capite nudato, rex autem solus capite operto manet."
Inde splendidum ineunt atrium, ubi adstant virl complu-
res, ostro Insignes et auro. Frustra rusticus oculis regem
per totum coetum exquirit. Tandem ad comitem versus ;
" Ex nobis," inquit, " alter rex necessario est, nam soli ex
tanto coetu capite sumus operto."

valde, mdxime. ostrd, 30, 7.

vis, from void. adstant, 69, 4.

DEPONENT VERBS.

37. Deponent Verbs are passive in form but active
in meaning.

morior, / die.
queror, / complain.

(1) The present and future participles are active in
form as well as meaning.

querens, complaining.
questums, about to complain.

(2) The past participle of deponent verbs is active in
meaning, and may therefore be translated by having.

questus, having complained.

ANECDOTES. 73

Fruor, Fungor, Etc.

The verbs iitor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, are
used with the ablative case instead of the accusative.

The ablative follows also

the adjectives dlgnus, worthy, indlgnus, unworthy ;
the substantives opus, need, and usus, use.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

83. Dumb Show.

Admetus, vir pauper sed Idem acri ingenio praeditus,
quod nihil cibi duobus diebus gustaverat, fame deperibat.
Tertio autem die dum aedes splendidas praeterit, a portae
custode aliquid cibi petiit. Hie autem hominis miseritus
iussit eum domum ingredl atque ab ipso domino cibum
petere. Admetus id quod imperatum est facit dominum-
que in atrio sedentem invenit. QuI ubi rem cognovit,
" Agite," inquit, " servi, aquam quam celerrime adferte."
Deinde paulisper moratus, etsi apparebant nee servi nee
aqua, manus lavantis gestum imitatus est. Admetus, etsi
re satis attonitus est, tamen quod noluit dominum offen-
dere, idem fecit. Deinde dominus servos primam cenam
apponere iussit et tamquam veras dapes et ipse edit et
hospiti praebet.

fame, 38, 6. paulisper, breve tempus.

ingredl, intrdre. apponere, 14, ad fin.

atrium, 82, 8. dapes, epulds, 9, i.

74 ANECDOTES.

84. Dumb Show — continued.

Postquam eodem modo simulates dapes ab 6v6 usque
ad mala devoraverunt, Admetus iam ab omni spe cibi
delectus, " Siste," inquit, "laborem, satis enim edi, ultra
nee possum nee void." Cui dominus, " At, si non edere,
certe aliquid bibere potes." Simul, " Agite," inquit,
" servl, adferte mihi illud vinum, quod cado avus noster
Plancus condidit." Deinde, ut an tea, postquam vlsus
erat vinum effundere in f Ictum poculum, id amico tradidit.
Hie autem personam etiam melius sustinuit ; prlmum
enim ad lucem poculum sustulit, deinde vim odorem
naribus captavit, postremo absorbere visus est. Postquam
saepius vinum biberat, ebrium simulans, crura et bracchia
iactare incipit ; denique, tamquam casu, caput hospitis
iocosi ictu gravissimo pulsavit. Inde dum ille hum! iacet
saucius, hie foras sese eripuit.

mala, poma, 3, 5. sustulit, from tollo.

delectus, 79, 5. saucius, volneratus.

visus erat, from videor. se eripuit, fugit.

85. A Hard Bargain.

Agricola quidam, vir dives atque idem* av^rus, dum per
agros errat, opes divitiasque secure, considerabat. Sege-
tes quidem aristis, pomis arboj^s. oneratae sunt, stabula
autem bobus pinguibus iumentisque abundabant. Ex agris^
domum regressus, postquam aedes intravit, arcam. ubi
nummi conditi sunt, avidis oculis contemplabatur. Subito-
vocem audivit dicentis : " Num auro divitiisque bene:
usus es ? Umquamne pauperes egenosque curavisti ? ""
Qua voce attonitus dum vitam praeteritam recenset,

ANECDOTES. 75

occurrit pauper quidam et aliquid argenti ab eo petiit.
" Id tibi libenter dabo," respondit ille, " si voles meum
sepulcrum dies noctesque tres custodlre." Quibus verbis
pecuniam alter! tradidit et statim e vita discessit.

segetes, agri. umquamne = num. umquam.

bdbus, from bos. egenos, 14, i.

nummi, pecunia. recenset, secum considerat.

86. A Hard Bargain — continued.

Inde pauper iustis funebribus perfunctus, quod fidem
datam violare noluit, per duas noctes sepulcrum agricolae
custodiebat. Tertia tamen nocte Mors ipsa apparuit
funebri veste induta, et corpus sibi tradl iussit. Is autem,
etsl capilli prae metu horruerunt, promlssi non oblitus
Mortem ita adlocutus est. " Equidem, Mors, hoc cadaver
tibi concedam ; repeto tamen pro tali munere tantum aurl
quantum ex mels cothurnis alterum compleverit." Mors
non respuit condicionem. Inde dum haec pecuniam
arcessit, ille cultro imum cothurnum perforat. Haud ita
multo post Mors regressa nummorum saccum, quern
reportavit, in cothurnum effudit. Mlrata quod cothurnus
nondum completus est, alterum saccum priore maiorem
arcessivit. Tandem postquam ne hie quidem cothurnum
complere valuit, dum tertium saccum arcessit, sole oriente
excepta necessario fugere coacta est.

induta, vestita. respuit, abnuit, 37, ad fin.

adlocutus, from adloquor. arcessit, adfert.

cadaver, corpus. regressa, 85, 5.

munere, beneficio. excepta, deprehensa.

alterum, unum. coacta, from cogo.

76 ANECDOTES.

87. The Foolish Maid-Servants.

Anus quaedam, quae baud procul Tarento ab urbe
habitavit, suas ancillas ad galll cantum e somno excitare
solebat. Hae igitur quod a prlma luce usque ad occa-
sum solis laborem sustinere coactae sunt, gallum malo-
rum causam occidere constituerunt. Postero igitur die
sub vesperum, dum altera pedes galll utraque manu
retinet aversata, altera, quae paulo audacior fuit, caput
avis Infellcis securi percussit. Id tamen longe aliter
evenit ac putabant. Postquam enim gallus interfectus
erat, anus, quae ad id tempus cantum eius patienter
exspectare solebat, ancillas nunc media nocte, nunc prlma
luce, semper tamen maturius quam antea, e somno excita-
vit. Ancillae igitur, quae ita se fefellerant, pro tanto
facinore dignas poenas persolverunt.

e somno excitare, 78, i. securi percussit, 62, ad fin.

constituerunt, 73, 6. fefellerant, from /#//#.

88. Inattention Rebuked.

Demosthenes, ille orator clarissimus, quod res publica
in summum discrlmen adducta est per consilia Philippi,
Macedonum regis, Athenienses de perlculo quod immine-
bat saepe monebat. Postquam diutius more suo elves
hortatus est, miratus quod surdls auribus verba faciebat,
subito vocem mutavit. "Ceres olim," inquit, " una cum
hirundine et angue itineris comitibus profecta, ad altum
pervenit flumen, quod tranavit anguis, hirundo autem
pennis transvolavit." Hie ubi orator subito sermonem
interrupit, "At Ceres ipsa quo modo traiecta est?" ex-
ceperunt elves. Turn ille voltu severe, " Numquid vobis

GERUNDS AND SUPINES. 77

stultius esse potest, Athenienses, qui ita delectamini fabu-
lis, quibus auctoritatem quidem nullam adiungere debemus,
Philippum tamen, qui exitium civitati minatur, nihili
habetis?"

discrimen, pericuhim. profecta, from proficiscor.

verba faciebat, dlcebat. traiecta est, trdnsiit.

GERUNDS AND SUPINES.

38. Gerunds and supines are used to make up the
cases of the verb-noun infinitive.

amare, loving; amandi, of loving; amando, to or by loving.

Thus the gerunds are used like the genitive, dative,
and ablative, of ordinary nouns.

1 . amor bibendi, love of drinking.

2. parendo artem regnand! discimus, by obeying we learn the

art of ruling.

NOTE. — Only intransitive verbs as a rule use gerunds, which are
declined in case, but not in gender or number.

Transitive verbs use an adjectival form called the gerundive, which
agrees with its noun in number, gender, and case.

1. Belgae vixerunt piscibus edendis, the Belgae supported

life by eating Jish.

2. profectus est cum duabus legionibus ad urbem expug-

naiidam. he started with two legions to storm the city.

78 ANECDOTES.

The supines are two noun forms of declension IV.

(1) Supine in um — an accusative of purpose after

verbs of motion,
veni te visum, I have come to see you.

(2) Supine in u — an ablative of respect used chiefly

with adjectives.

( to be said !
mirabile dictu ! wonderful \ .

( in the saying !

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

89. The Robbers.

Balbus agricola, qui in silvas ligna caesum Iverat,
virgultls occultus magnam manum latronum, qui adibant,
vidit. Qui dum perterritus nullum sonum edere audet,
dux ipse latronum altissimam rupem aggressus earn dextra
pulsavit haec locutus, "Aperl te, horreum." Quibus
verbis, mirabile dictu ! fores celatae aperiri visae sunt
antrumque ingens patefierl. Inde latrones antrum ingressl
onera, quae portabant, deposuerunt iterumque regress!
e conspectu discesserunt. Deinde Balbus, qui tandem
e latebrls exlre ausus est, lisdem verbis usus, rupem
ipse pulsavit antrumque patefecit auro completum et
argento, quod a viatoribus raptum latrones in eo loco
abdiderant. Quo vlsu attonitus sese quam maximo aurl
pondere oneravit domumque laetus rediit.

caesum, from caedo. regress!, 85, 5.

Iverat, from eo. ausus est, from audere.

aperi, 32, 5. attonitus, 69, ad fin.

ANECDOTES. 79

90. Caught by the Robbers.

Balbo erat frater nomine Caius, vir dives sed avarus.
Hie de fortuna Balbi per uxorem certior factus fratrem
carmen illud, quo antrum aperiri poterat, diris minis
divolgare coegit. Itaque cum tribus asinis ad rupem
profectus verbisque magicis usus antrum intravit asinos-
que auro oneravit.

Mox autem ubi redire voluit, carminis oblitus, "Aperi
te," inquit, " hordeum ; " cui voci quia fores parere no-
luerunt, nee carminis ipsius meminisse poterat (tantae
enim divitiae rationem animi perturbabant), a latronibus
brevi captus est. Hi postquam virum gladiis interfece-
runt, corpus eius in quattuor partes divisum intra antrum
suspenderunt. Postero autem die Balbus, qui rem suspi-
catus locum ipse adierat, noctu membra fratris ex antro
eripuit.

diris, terribilibus. Oblitus, from oblwiscor.

minis, cf . mindtur, 88, ad fin. brevi, 44, 9.

coegit, from cogo. adierat, from adeo.

91. Two can Play at that Game.

Hoc ubi cognovit dux latronum, suorum callidissimum
rei exquirendae causa ad urbem misit. Qui quidem dum
urbem pererrat, forte occurrit sartori cuidam, qui a Balbo
iussus fratris membra disiecta acu iunxerat (corpus enim,
in quattuor partes divisum, sepeliri leges vetabant). Hie,
vir loquax, a latrone callide interrogatus, non modo rem
omnem quaerenti divolgavit, sed domum etiam Balbi
ostendit. Inde latro, postquam fores creta notaverat, ad

80 IMPERSONAL VERBS.

antrum rediit noctuque comites ad locum duxit. Id
tamen quod latro fecerat non effugerat Balbl ancillam,
quae consilium eius suspicata domorum vlcmarum fores
eodem modo notaverat. Latrones igitur, quod inimicl
domum cognoscere non poterant, in silvas inritl redierunt.

callidissimum, 44, 2. callide, cf. line i.

sepelm, 45, 8. inriti, frustrd.

92. The Forty Thieves.

Postero die dux latronum ad aedes Balbi ab eodem
sartore ductus naturam loci oculls accuratissime observa-
vit. Inde viginti asinos vasis ingentibus oneratos paravit ;
quorum unum quidem oleo implevit ; in reliqua tamen
singula binos abdidit latrones. Deinde vesperl mercato-
rem simulans ad urbem cum asinis profectus est et a
Balbo quern pro aedibus sedentem invenit hospitium sibi
suisque petiit. A quo benlgne acceptus vasa omnia in
horto disposuit comitesque signum silentes exspectare
iussit. At ancilla eadem, quae, dum dux latronum cum
domino suo cenat, fraudem perspexerat, oleum ex primo
vase deductum atque Igne tostum, latronibus, qui in reli-
quis vasis latebant, iniecit omnesque ad unum suffocavit.

sartore, 91, 3. vesperi, noctii.

vasis, 49, 3. tostum, from torreo.

IMPERSONAL VERBS.

39. Impersonal Verbs are those which cannot have
for their nominative a personal pronoun or a sub-
stantive.

ANECDOTES. 81

They are of two kinds —

1. Those which always have a nominative, but

it can only be

(1) a neuter pronoun ;

(2) an infinitive ;

(3) a clause.

These are libet, licet, accidit, constat, etc.

1. oportet me ablre, I must go (lit. it behooves me to go).

2. si illud non licet, certe hoc licebit, if that is not lawful,

at any rate this will be.

2. Those which need have no nominative ex-

pressed.

piget, pudet, poenitet, taedet, miseret.

The passive of all intransitive verbs must be used
impersonally.

1 . invidetur mihi, / am envied.

2. pugnatum est acriter ab utrisque, (the battle} was fought

sharply on both sides.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.

93. The Wonderful Island.

Mercator quidam, nomine Sinon, quod eum cessandi
et nihil agendi piguit, perlcula maris tentare constituit.
Navl igitur ad Indos vectus primo, quod procellae fluctus

82 ANECDOTES.

agitabant, gravi nausea oppressus mortem optavit. Mox
autem, ubi vis tempestatis mitescebat, morbum depulit.
Faucis post diebus, dum aperto marl procul a portu navi-
gatur, parvam Insulam nigro colore baud multum super
aquam eminentem nautae vident. Turn omnes e nave
egressl hue illuc per totam Insulam vagantur ; tandem
Ignem accendere incipiunt. Subito sub pedibus diro
sonitu msula evanuit in undas omnesque in gurgitem
hausti sunt. Monstrum enim marinum, quae nautis
insula ob magnitudinem visa est, e somno Igne excitatum,
in mare se mersit. Quo casu omnes nautae perierunt ;
Sinon autem magna sustentus trabe quam forte ad ignem
ferebat, natando ad terram ignotam pervenit.

constituit, 73, 6. diro, 90, 3.

hue illuc, 14, 10. perierunt, cf. 83, 2.

94. The Diamond Valley.

Sinon quidem totum diem per loca deserta vagatus
omni spe reditus deiectus est. At noctu dum dormit, ad
vallem altissimis montibus interclusam ingenti ave raptus
est. Tali miraculo attonitus postero die aliquid etiam
mirabilius vidit; tota enim vallis gemmis ornata est.
Incolae huius terrae quod in vallem descendi non potest,
gemmas ita conligere solent. Summis de montibus
carnem deiciunt, quam aquilae ab Ima valle in nidos
ferunt. Inde mercatores magno clamore aves depellunt,
gemmisque carni adhaerentibus ipsi potiuntur. Quod ubi
Sinon cognovit, postquam sese quam plurimis gemmis
oneraverat, suum corpus ad carnem adligavit tutusque
magna aqm'la ad nidum l^atus est. Unde ad urbem prg-

ANECDOTES. 83

plnquam facile descendit gemmasque magno pretio ven-
didit.

vagatus, pererrdns. ima valle = Imdparte vallts.

interclusam, circumdatam. carnem, from card.

95. The Giant's Cave.

Idem Sinon ne his quidem divitils contentus Oceanum
iterum tentare constituit ; celerl igitur nave cum paucis
sociis vectus ventls adversls ad terrain Ignotam pulsus
est, quam incolebant homines barbari advenis inimicis-
siml. Hi scaphis navem aggressl Sinonem sociosque
duxerunt ad suum regem, gigantem immanem specie
horribili, qui unum modo oculum in media fronte positum
habebat. Rex postquam captives omnes manu ingenti
tractaverat, ex ils, quern pinguissimum iudicavit, igne
tostum devoravit. Ceterl tamen, quod incaute a barbaris
custodiebantur, eodem veru, quo comes mfellx transfixus
erat, oculum gigantis dormientis transfoderunt et veils
remisque a terra inhospitall fugerunt.

sociis, comitibus. media fronte, cf. medidnocte, 87, n.

scaphis, 51, 6. tostum, 92, ad fin.

96. The Royal Sepulchre.

Haud ita multo post secundis ventls Sinon sociique ad
insulam fertilem et oplmam vecti sunt. Quo in loco dum
Sinon studio frugum carpendarum longius a navi errat, a
sociis infidelibus relictus est. Rex tamen huius Insulae
hospitem benigne accepit suamque filiam, virginem pul-
cherrimam, el in matrimonium dedit. Id tamen minus
prospere evenit ; uxor enim Sinonis proximo anno mortua
est. Turn elves, quod dura lege viros una cum uxoribus

84 ANECDOTES.

sepellre solent, Sinonem vivum cum uxore mortua funibus
demittunt in puteum profundum, quo sepulcro reges illlus
terrae utebantur. Huic tamen ab omni spe salutis inter-
cluso fortuna patefecit iter. Sinon enim fame sitique iam
moriturus volpem vidit quae cadaveribus vescebatur.
Quam per vias occultas diu secutus parvam rimam qua
ipsa puteum intraverat tandem invenit. Inde Sinon,
postquam magna vi nisus lapidem ingentem submoverat,
se liberavit atque ad oram maritimam evasit.

secundis, opp. adversis, 95, 3. funibus, 27, i.

opimam, divitem. puteum, 59, ad fin.

prospere, felldter. cadaveribus, 86, 6.

97. The Old Man of the Sea.

Sinon per litus quinque milia passuum vagatus senem
quendam in ripa fluminis sedentem invenit. Hie Sinonem
se trans flumen umerls transportare iussit. Itaque Sinon,
quern senis infirml miseruit, eum in umeros sublevavit, id
quod imperatum est facturus. Senex autem, simul in
loco firmiter sedit, cruribus collum amplexus, Sinonem
onus deponere prohibuit. Turn Sinon, quod luctari non
audebat, senex enim diro amplexu eum suffocabat, domi-
num hue illuc per totum diem vehere coactus est. Nee
nox laboris flnem fecit, senex enim etiam dormiens captl-
vum artius amplectebatur. Postero tamen die, dum iussu
domini per silvam iter facit, Sinon repente caput senis
arboris ramo qui impendebat maxima vi admovit. Quo
Ictu stupefactus senex crura laxavit atque ad terram mori-
bundus cecidit.

vagatus, 94, i. hue illuc, 93, 9.

sublevavit, 68, 10. vehere, portfire.

luctari, contenders, cecidit, from cado.

ANECDOTES. 85

98. How to pick Cocoanuts.

Tali perlculo ita liberatus Sinon dum per silvam pedem
refert, mercatoribus occurrit compluribus qui ad nuces
carpendas ibant. Cum his se iungere constituit. Nuces,
quae summis modo ramis dependent, mercatores baud
facile carpunt, quod levis arboris truncus ascend! non
potest. Hunc tamen modum invenerunt. Simias, quae
plurimae silvas colunt, saxis vexant : quam ob rem illae
Iratae nuces ab arboribus direptas in mercatores deiciunt.
Sinon nucibus multls potitus mercatores simias ipse cap-
tare docuit. lussu eius vasa quaedam aquae plena ad
Imas arbores admoverunt, quibus in vasis manus multo
cum fragore lavabant. Inde vasa eadem nigra pice com-
pleverunt discesseruntque e loco. Simiae autem homines
ex consuetudine imitatae, ubi manus in vasa imposuerunt,
pice retentae facile captantur.

occurrit, obviam it, 77, 3. vasa, 49, 3.

carpendas, 96, 3. Imas arbores, cf. imti valle, 94, 8.

direptas, carptds. lavabant, 83, 10.

99. The Elephants' Burial-place.

Haud multum ab eo loco magnus grex elephantorum
teneris frondibus pascebatur. Quo visu perterriti ceterl
in fugam se dederunt, Sinon tamen arcu armatus post-
quam in arborem ascenderat, celeribus sagittis maximum
ex elephantls interfecit. A mercatoribus igitur, qui ebur
maximi aestimant, donis oneratus est. Inde Sinon, cul
divitiae animum addiderunt, quandam in arborem, quae
iuxta parvum lacum crescebat, saepissime ascendebat.
Quo consilio complures interfecit elephantos, quos bibendi
causa eum locum adire oportebat. Tertio tamen mense

86 ANECDOTES.

elephanti, quibus aquam sine noxia adire non licebat, in
Sinonem universi impetum fecerunt crebrlsque ictibus
ipsam arborem radicitus evellerunt. Inde virum attoni-
tum mortemque exspectantem in tergum sublevavit dux
gregis longeque per silvas ad eum locum portavit quo
sepulcro elephanti utebantur. Sinon igitur, qui ex mor-
tuis elephantis satis eboris potitus est, vlvis posthac par-
cebat.

baud multum, cf. 96, i. ictibus, 84, ad fin.

maximi, cf. minimi, 79, ad fin. sublevavit, 97, 5.

saepissime, iterum atque iterum. parcebat, 62, ad fin.

100. The Subterranean Passage.

Sinon dives ita factus, quod domum ad suos redire
voluit, nactus idoneum tempus ad navigandum, e portu
solvit. At paucos post dies coorta est saevissima tem-
pestas, cuius violentia navis ad scopulos appulsa nau-
fragium fecit. Hoc in loco aestus per latus mentis
praeruptum alveo haud ita magno fluminis modo volvitur.
Sinon comitesque complures dies in angusta rupe mane-
bant, quod hinc vis fluctuum eos abire prohibuit, illinc
mons altissimus nullo modo ascend! potuit. Tandem
Sinon postquam parvam ratem e trabibus navis fecerat,
sine ullo comite se committere ausus est flumini, quod
sub Imum montem volutum est. Inde per vias occultas
summa celeritate vectus, quod nee iter videre nee cursum
dirigere poterat, labore et excubiis defessus gravi somno
oppressus est.

nactus, from nanciscor. trabibus, 93, ad fin.

appulsa, cf. 95, 3. ausus est, 89, 3.

naufragium, 50, 3. volutum, from volvo.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. $7

10 1. Home at Last.

Quo somno Sinon oppressus duos dies omni sensu
carebat ; tertio tamen die, ubi animum vix recepit, solem
laetus aspexit : ratis enim, dum ipse dormit, iter pericu-
losum confecerat et vl fluminis vecta ad oppidum quod-
dam in ripa positum advenerat. Deinde cives tali
miraculo attoniti Sinonem ad regem suum duxerunt.
Hie postquam rem omnem cognovit, quod tanta pericula
plus quam humana videbantur, Sinoni, honoris causa,
pallium purpureum aureamque coronam dari iussit navi-
que egregia donavit. Inde Sinon secundis ventis domum
advectus inter amicos propinquosque reliquum vitae
spatium tranquille peregit nee ullo periculo posthac
vexatus est.

somno, cf. somnium, 48, 8. peregit, cf. dego, 65, i.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

40. The Subjunctive Mood is never used, like the
Indicative, to describe a fact.

It expresses desire, hopey or doubt.

1. boni simus, let us be good.

2. sis felix, may ycu be fortunate.

3. quid faciam ? what am I to do ?

The perfect subjunctive with ne is used, instead of the
imperative, to express negative commands of the second
person.

ne hoc feceris, do not do this.

Observe that ne, used in commands, is placed first in its
sentence ; -«/, used in questions, is added to the first word.
See § 18.

88 ANECDOTES.

The subjunctive mood is used to express purpose,
consequence, condition, etc.

It is translated by the English subjunctive when
it expresses purpose, and sometimes when it ex-
presses condition, but in other cases by the indicative.

1. portas claudit, ne quis effugiat, he shuts the gates, that no

one may escape.

2. tanta erat caedes, ut nemo effugeret, so great was the

slaughter, that no one escaped.

3. si illi effugissent, ego custodem necavissem, if they had

escaped, I should have killed the jailor.

4. cum effugissent, domum redierunt, when they had escaped,

they returned home.

ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION.
102. The Donkey's Advice.

Agricola quidam, nomine Cato, sermonem animalium
intellexit. Hie olim bovem, qui fortunam adversam apud
asinum querebatur, audivit. " Utinam," inquit bos, " mea
fortuna tuae similis esset. Te cottidie noster magister
diligenter curat, tibi dulcissimum cibum parat ; ego
tamen, qui arando totum diem consiamo, gramme vescor
tenul." Cui asinus, "Tu tamen, 6 stultissime, merito
haec pateris, quod iugi nimium patiens es. Cur non
magistro istls cornibus mortem minaris ? Cur non mugi-
tus horrisonos edis ? Hoc consilio usus fortunam melio-
rem habebis. Cibum quern tibi hodie servi attulerint
edere noli ; eras autem, ne te aratro iungant, omni vi
repQgna." Bos id quod imperatum est facit. At ma-

ANECDOTES. 89

gister, qui omnia audiverat, ut asinum pro consilio
puniret, eum aratro pro bove iungl iussit.

querebatur, cf. 4, 6. edis, 89, 3.

pateris, from patior. attulerint, from adfero.

minaris, 88, ad fin. pro consilid, ob consilium.

103. The Donkey's Advice — continued.

Vesper!, ubi asinus labore Insueto defessus ad sta-
bulum rediit, a comite summis laudibus acceptus est.
Ille autem, quern prioris consill iam poenitebat, amlcum
ita monuit. " Cave, mi amice, ne istud otium tibi plus
quam labor pristinus noceat. Nuper enim, dum ex agris
redeo, nostrum audivi magistrum, qui te eras mactari
iussit, nisi opere solito fungi velles. Ne te sine causa
tanto periculo obtuleris." Quibus verbis perterritus bos,
qui cultrum sacerdotis iam animo praesensit, gratias
asino pro consilio utilissimo egit. Postero igitur die ubi
agricola agros iterum arare voluit, bos iugo repugnare
non ausus, ipse suum collum aratro praebuit.

vesperi, 92, 5. obtuleris, from offero.

pristinus, prior. gratias . . . egit, 22, 8.

fungi, perficere. praebuit, porrexit, 60, 7.

104. The Bottom of the Stream.

Boeotus quidam, qui per terram ignotam iter faciebat,
ad flumen montanum, quod viam intercludebat, advenit.
Itaque miratus quod tanta vis aquae ab una parte volve-
batur, dita patienter exspectabat, dum deflueret amnis.
Tandem, quod morandl eum taedebat, nee vis aquae
omnlno minuebatur, agricolam, qui forte astabat, appel-
lavit. " Tu, quaeso," inquit, " vera mihi responde :

90 ANECDOTES.

Imumne flumen firmum est?" "Nihil potest esse fir-
mius," respondit ille. Quibus verbis conflrmatus in
aquam Boeotus desiluit. Quod tamen flumen fuit altissi-
mum, sub undls mersus natando mortem vix effugit.
Turn Boeoto de fraude querenti, "Te certe," respondit
agricola, "irasci minime decet ; tu enim Imum flumen,
quod re vera firmissimum est, nondum attigisti."

intercludebat, 94, 3. mersus, submenus.

imumne, tmum-ne. natando, 93, ad fin.

105. A Dishonest Couple.

Dario, Persarum regl, servus erat, nomine Lydon,
quern maxime amabat. Cui rex, ut indicium benevo-
lentiae Insigne praestaret, in matrimonium dedit puellam
pulcherrimam, quam regma ex omnibus ancillls fidelissi-
mam habebat. Hi autem, quod suis divitiis nimis pro-
dige utebantur, brevl pauperes fact!, ut argentum ex rege
impetrarent, hoc consilium inierunt. Prima luce vir
regem adgressus tristi voltu fortunam deplorare incipit.
"Uxor," inquit, "mea proxima nocte e vita discessit."
Turn rex, quern virl Infelicis miseruit, consolandi causa,
purpureum pallium argentique talentum el dari iussit.
At uxor eodem tempore coniugem mortuum coram regma
deplorabat. Quae tanto dolore mota ei vestem pretiosam
et auri nummos quinquaginta dedit.

indicium, signum. inierunt, ceperunt.

praestaret, praeberet. coram regina, apud regtnam.

1 06. A Dishonest Couple — continued.

Rex igitur reginam petiit de morte ancillae tam amatae
consolaturus. Inde regina ad regem versa, " Gratias

ANECDOTES. 91

tibi," inquit, "pro benevolentia ago; tu tamen in hoc
erravistl, quod mea ancilla adhuc vlvit, vir tamen eius
mortuus est." Quod ubi rex credere noluit, ut rem tarn
dubiam explicarent, ambo ad earn partem aedium, quam
servl habitabant, Ire pergunt. Hue ubi pervenerunt, res
magis in ambiguo erat, quod et vir et femina eodem rogo
impositi speciem mortis praebebant. Denique rex, " Hie
certe mortuus est et ilia. Uter tamen prior e vita dis-
cessit ? Si quis mihi totam rem explicaverit, el triginta
nummos aureos libenter dabo." At vir statim e rogo
desiluit. "Mihi," inquit, "rex magne, nummos redde,
ego enim primus mortuus sum."

vir, coniilnx. ambiguo, dubio.

pergunt, incipiunt. redde, dd.

107. May a Man do what he Likes with his Own?

Lysander, Atheniensis, cum cetera animalia satis
diligebat, turn equos summo fovebat amore. Is olim,
dum Thebas iter facit, in Boeotum quendam incidit, qui
equo suo ob nescio quam culpam male utebatur. Quod
ubi vidit, gravibus probrls tantam crudelitatem increpuit.
" Quid tandem id ad te attinet ? " respondit ille. " Nonne
licet mihi equum, si ita placet, verberare meum ? "
" Maxime," inquit Lysander, " quod exemplum tu pro-
ponis, id ego imitabor." Haec locutus magno baculo,
quod manu portabat, tergum eius graviter et saepe ver-
beravit. "Hoc enim," inquit^ "baculum meum est.
Nonne igitur mihi licet eo, ita ut placet, utl ? "

cum . . . turn, et . . . et. in ... incidit, occurrit.

diligebat, amdbat. nescio quam, aliquant.

92 ANECDOTES.

108. The Good-natured Boy.

Glaucus, puer ingenio benlgno, a patre missus est ad
parvum oppidum, quod ab eo loco octo mllia passuum
aberat. Cul, dum iter facit, occurrit canis fame paene
confectus dextramque lambens cibum petere visus est.
Inde Glaucus misericordia motus, etsl ipse esuriebat,
magnam sul cibi partem canl dedit. Cum autem paulo
longius ivisset, hominem aspexit caecum, qul in flumen
prolapsus se movere non audebat, ne in aquam altiorem
incideret. Glaucus igitur, etsl ipse natare non poterat,
in aquam statim desiluit et cum dextram caecl adripuisset,
euni ad rlpam duxit. Inde cum aquam e veste expres-
sisset, ad oppidum quam celerrime contendit.

motus, 105, ad fin. duxit, trdxit.

esuriebat, 49, ad fin. expressisset, from exprimo.

109. Timely Assistance.

Inde Glaucus, cum iam ad oppidum appropinquaret,
in nautam quendam altero pede claudum incidit. Hie
aliquid cibi ab eo petiit. Cul puer id quod reliquum
erat panis dedit. His faciendis tantum diel consump-
serat, ut, dum domum ex oppido redit, nocte oppressus
cursum tenere non posset, sed per aviam silvam erraret.
Subito autem duo latrones, qul in silva latebant, ex
msidiis prosiliunt puerumque raptum veste spoliare
parant. At canis fidelis, qul Glaucum totum diem
secutus est, alterius latronis crus tarn acriter momordit,
ut hie cum gemitu puerum liberaret. Simul vox horrenda
audlta est clamantis, "En latrones illi, quos tarn diu ferro
ignique sequimur." Qua voce territl ambo diffugerunt.

ANECDOTES. 93

At Glaucus ad clamorem conversus nautam cognovit
claudum, quern caecus ille umeris portabat. Hi enim
de consilils latronum certiores factl tempore opportune
subsidio venerunt.

altero, uno. alterius, iinftts.

his, his rebus. momordit, from mordeo.

1 10. The Attack on the Castle.

"Spartacus olim, prmceps earum gentium quae trans Rhe-
num habitabant, magnam turrim haud procul a flumine
aedificaverat. Inde cum suis militibus plurimas incursi-
ones in agros flnitimos facere solitus est, ut Igni ferroque
omnia vastaret. Quam ob rem magnum odium incolarum
urbis fmitimae susceperat. Hi igitur, cum iniurias illius
non diutius tolerare possent, universi in muros impetum
fecerunt. Diu et acriter pugnatum est. Tandem princeps,
quod commeatu omnmo interclusus est, legatos ad eos
de deditione misit. Cum tamen elves Irati pacem dare
vellent ea modo condicione, ut ipse ad supplicium tra-
deretur, Ignem turrl admovere constituit et sese suaque
omnia incendio consumere.

in. The Attack on the Castle — continued.

Quod ubi cognovit uxor SpartacI, femina summae con-
stantiae, sola vallum ascendere ausa est cum hostibus
conloquendl causa. " Nolite," inquit, "elves, victoriam
quam reportavistis clade feminae defamare. Mihi saltern
liceat e turn discedere cum eo modo, quod mels umeris
portare possim." Inde elves, quod ab ilia multa beneficia
acceperant, id quod petiit libenter concesserunt. BrevI

94 ' ANECDOTES.

autem, dum omnes adventum eius exspectant, a porta
patefacta egressa femina fortis ad castra hostium accessit
cum coniuge, quern in umeros sublevatum portabat. Inde
elves virtutem feminae mirati, quod fidem datam violare
noluerunt, et coniugi et uxori pepercerunt.

clade, morte. pepercerunt, from pared.

112. An Ill-matched Pair.

Lupus olim cum volpe societatem coniunxit. Hanc
igitur, quod multo mfirmior erat, quodcumque ille im-
peravit, facere oportebat Aliquando, dum per silvam
comites iter faciunt, "Volpes carissima," inquit lupus,
" aliquid cibi mihi quam celerrime adfer, ne fame coactus
te ipsam devorem." " Equidem," respondit volpes minis
perterrita, "baud procul ab hoc loco duos agnos pridie
conspexi, quos facillime tibi adferre potero." Cum hoc
inter eos convenisset, volpes ex agnis alterum ab agro ad
lupum portavit. Deinde, ut sibi aliquid invenlret, discessit.
At lupus, qul brevi agnum devoravit, ne hoc quidem satis
contentus, ut altero potiretur, ipse ad ovile profectus est.
Is autem, quod rem incautius egit, a pastore captus ita
graviter verberatus est, ut corpus ad silvam vix trahere
posset.

113. Greediness Punished.

Postero die lupus de suls iniuriis questus, a comite
factl imprudentis vehementer incusatus est ; " Hodie
tamen," inquit volpes, " si mecum venire vis, tantum cibi
quantum edere poteris tibi dabo." Lupus igitur volpem
secutus, horreum agricolae cuiusdam rima haud ita magna
intravit. Hie, cum carnis maximam copiam invenissent,

ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 95

ambo dapibus inopinatls vesci incipiunt. Volpes autem
inter edendum ad rimam cursitabat. Subito ingens stre-
pitus auditus est. Panduntur portae. Inruit agricola
cum securl ingente armatus. Inde volpes, quae haud
multum ederat, rima se facile eripuit ; lupus tamen tan-
turn carnis devoraverat, ut corpus in rima haereret.

Agricola igitur, cum eum securl interfecisset, caput posti-
bus adfixit. Quo exemplo fures in posterum a raplnis
deterruit.

ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE.

41. Study the following Latin sentences and the
translation.

1. Dico te scribere / say that you are writing (write or
do write).

2. Futamus te scripsisse, we think that you wrote (or
have written).

42. In translating we introduce the word that
after the leading verb, then we translate the accusa-
tive as if it were nominative, and the infinitive as if
it were indicative.

43. This construction of the accusative and in-
finitive is regularly used after verbs of saying, think-
ing, knowing, 2d\& perceiving.

INDIRECT QUESTIONS.

44. Study the following Latin sentences and the
translation :

1. Scio quis sis, / know who you are.

2. Sciebam ubi essemus, / knew where we were.

96 CUM CAUSAL OR CONCESSIVE.

45. Notice that the subjunctives sis and essemus
are translated by the indicative. The dependent
clauses are called indirect questions, for they repre-
sent quis es ? and ubi eramus ?

46. Indirect questions begin with an interrogative
word and have the verb in the subjunctive.

CUM CAUSAL OR CONCESSIVE.

47. Cum sometimes means as or since; some-
times though. When it has either of these two
meanings it is followed by the subjunctive.

1. Cum amici adsint, gaudemus, since our friends are
present, we rejoice.

2. Cum fortiter pugnarent, tamen non vicerunt, though
they fought bravely, yet they did not conquer.

48. Observe that the subjunctive is translated
as if it were indicative.

THE RELATIVE OF PURPOSE.

49. We may say in Latin : —

1. Legatj missi sunt ut pacem peterent.

2. Legati missi sunt qui pacem peterent.

The translation is the same : —

deputies were sent to sue for peace.

50. The relative may be used to denote purpose,
and, with the following subjunctive, may be trans-
lated by the infinitive.

THE ARGONAUTS. .97

THE ARGONAUTS.

The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about
as follows. Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson from his
kingdom in Thessaly and had attempted to take the life of
Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason, however, escaped and grew
up to manhood in another country. At last he returned to
Thessaly, and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt to recover
the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from
Colchis, supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a
band of heroes started in the ship Argo (called after Argus, its
builder), and after many adventures reached Colchis. Here
Aeetes, king of Colchis, who was unwilling to give up the
Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an impossible task,
viz., to plough a field with certain fire-breathing oxen and then
to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medea, the daughter of the
king, however, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first to
perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece.
Medea then fled with Jason, and, in order to delay the pursuit
of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus. After reaching
Thessaly, Medea caused the death of Pelias, and was, with her
husband, expelled from Thessaly. They removed to Corinth,
and here Medea, becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of
Creon, caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. After
this Medea was carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-god,
and Jason was soon afterwards accidentally killed.

114. The Wicked Uncle.

Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Ae-
son, alter Pelias appellatus est. Horum Aeson prlmum
regnum obtinuerat ; at post paucos annos Pelias, regnl

98 . THE ARGONAUTS,

cupiditate adductus, non modo fratrem suum expulit, sed
etiam in animo habebat, lasonem, Aesonis filium, inter-
ficere. Quidam tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam
Peliae intellexerunt, puerum e tanto periculo eripere con-
stituerunt./ Noctu igitur lasonem ex urbe abstulerunt et
cum postero die ad regem rediissent, ei renuntiaverunt
puerum mortuum esse. Pelias, cum haec audivisset, etsi
re vera magnum gaudium percipiebat, speciem tamen
doloris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaeslvit. 111!
tamen, cum , bene intellegerent dolorem eius falsum esse,
nescio quam fabulam de mprte puerl fmxerunt.

«*\

L i*

.A \~

115. A Careless Shoe-String.

Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum
tanta vl et fraude occupatum amitteret, amlcum quendam
Delphos misit, qui oraculum consuleret. Ille igitur quam
celerrime Delphos se contulit etquam ob causam venisset
demonstravit. Respondit oraculum nullum esse in prae-
sentia perlculum : monuit tamen Peliam ut, si quis veniret
calceum unum gerens, eum caveret. Post paucos annos
accidit ut Pelias magnum sacrificium facturus esset :
nuntios in omnes partes dlmiserat et certum diem con-
veniendl dixerat. Die constituto magnus numerus homi-
num undique ex agris convenit : inter alios autem venit
etiam lason qui a puero apud Centaurum quendam vixe-
rat. Dum tamen iter facit, calceum alterum in transeundo
nescio quo flumine amlsit.

. ^r\_ \»\ . i\ »

116. The Golden Fleece.

lason igitur, cum calceum amissum nullo modo recipere
posset, altero pede nudo in regiam pervenit : quern cum

THE ARGONAUTS. 99

vidisset, Pelias subito timore adfectus est ; intellexit enim
hunc esse hominem quern oraculum demonstravisset. ••
Hoc igitur iniit consilium. Rex erat quidam nomine
Aeetes, qul regnum Colchidis illo tempore obtinebat.
Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixus
olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias lasoni nego-
tium dare ut hoc vellere potiretur : cum enim res esset
magni perlcull, sperabat eum in itinere periturum esse :
lasonem igitur ad se arcesslvit et quid fieri vellet demon-
stravit. lason autem, etsl bene intellegebat rem esse
difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit.

117. The Building of the Good Ship Argo.

Cum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco
abesset, noluit lason solus proficiscl : dlmisit igitur nun-
tios in omnes partes, qul causam itineris docerent et diem
certum conveniendl dicerent. Interea, postquam omnia
quae sunt usui ad armandas naves comportarl iussit,
negotium dedit Argo culdam, qul summam scientiam
rerum nauticarum habebat, ut navem aedificaret. In his
rebus circiter decem dies consumptl sunt : Argus enim
qul operi praeerat tantam dlligentiam praebebat, ut ne
nocturnum quidem tempus ad laborem intermitteret. Ad
multitudinem hominum transportandam navis paulo erat
latior quam quibus in nostro marl uti consuevimus et ad
vim tempestatum perferendam tota e robore facta est.

118. The Anchor is Weighed.

Interea is dies appetebat quern lason per nuntios
edixerat et ex omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos
aut rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat, undique conve-

100 THE ARGONAUTS.

niebant. Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Herculem,
Orpheum, citharoedum praeclarissimum, Theseum, Cas-
torem et multos alios, quorum nomina notissima sunt.
Ex his lason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia subeunda
pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum qulnquaginta
delegit et socios sibi adiunxit : turn paucos dies commo-
ratus, ut ad omnes casus subsidia compararet, navem
deduxit et tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus
magno cum plausu omnium solvit.

119. A Fatal Mistake.

Haud multum post Argonautae, ita enim appellati sunt
qui in ista navl vehebantur, Insulam quandam nomine
Cyzicum attigerunt et e navi egressl a rege illius regionis
hospitio exceptl sunt. Paucas horas ibi commoratl ad
solis occasum rursus solverunt : at, postquam pauca
millia passuum progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito
coorta est, ut cursum tenere non possent et in eandem
partem insulae, unde nuper profecti erant, magno cum
periculo deicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset ob-
scura, Argon autas non agnoscebant et navem inimicam
venisse arbitratl, arma rapuerunt et eos egredi prohibe-
bant. Acriter in lltore pugnatum est et rex ipse, qui cum
aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus est. Mox tamen,
cum iam dilucesceret, senserunt incolae se errare et arma
abiecerunt : Argonautae autem, cum viderent regem
occisum esse, magnum dolorem perceperunt.

120. The Loss of Hylas.

Postridie eius diel lason, tempestatem satis idoneam
esse arbitratus, summa enim tranquillitas iam consecuta

THE ARGONAUTS. 101

erat, ancoras sustulit et pauca millia passuum progressus,
ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in ancoris
exspectavit ; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae copiam
quam secum haberent iam deficere : quam ob causam
quidam ex Argonautis in terram egress! aquam quaere-
bant. Horum in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma
praestantissima ; qui, dum fontem quaerit, a comitibus
paulum secesserat. Nymphae autem, quae fontem cole-
bant, cum iuvenem vidissent, el persuadere conatae sunt
ut secum maneret ; et cum ille negaret se hoc facturum
esse, puerum vl abstulerunt.

Comites eius, postquam Hylam amissum esse sense-
runt, magno dolore adfecti, diu frustra quaerebant : Her-
cules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri longius
secuti erant,"ubi tandem ad litus redierunt, lasonem sol-
visse cognoverunt.

121. Dining Made Difficult.

Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt
et postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum navem appulerant,
in terram egressi sunt. Ibi cum ab incolis quaesTssent
quis regnum eius regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt
Phineum quendam turn regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam
hunc caecum esse et diro quodam supplicio adfici, quod
olim se crudelissimum in filios suos praebuisset. Cuius
supplici hoc erat genus. Missa erant a love monstra
quaedam, specie horribili, quae capita virginum, corpora
volucrum habebant. Hae volucres, quae Harpyiae
appellabantur, Phineo summam molestiam adferebant ;
quotiens enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum apposi-
tum statim auferebant. Quae cum ita essent, haud
multum afuit quin Phineus fame moreretur.

102 THE ARGONAUTS.

122. The Harpies Beaten.

Res igitur in hoc loco erant, cum Argonautae navem
appulerunt. Phmeus autem, simul atque audlvit eos in
suos fines egresses esse, magnopere gavlsus est. Sciebat
enim quantam opinionem virtutis Argonautae haberent
nee dubitabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. Nuntium igitur
ad navem misit, qui lasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret.
E6 cum venissent, Phineus demonstravit quanto in periculo
suae res essent et promisit se magna praemia daturum
esse, si ill! remedium reperissent. Argonautae negotium
libenter susceperunt et ubi hora venit, cum rege accubue-
runt ; at simul ac cena apposita est, Harpyiae cenaculum
intraverunt et cibum auferre conabantur. Argonautae
primum gladiis volucres petierunt ; cum tamen viderent hoc
nihil prodesse, Zetes et Calais, qui alls instructl sunt, in
aera se sublevaverunt, ut desuper impetum facerent.
Quod cum sensissent Harpyiae, rei novitate perterritae,
statim aufugerunt neque postea umquam redierunt.

123. The Symplegades.

Hoc facto, Phmeus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas
gratias referret, lasoni demonstravit qua ratione Symple-
gades vitare posset. Symplegades autem duae erant
rupes ingenti magnitudine, quae a love positae erant eo
consilio, ne quis ad Colchida pervenlret. Hae parvo
intervallo in marl natabant et, si quid in medium spatium
venerat, incredibill celeritate concurrebant. Postquam
igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset, lason
sublatis ancoris navem solvit et leni vento provectus mox
ad Symplegades appropmquavit : turn in prora stans
columbam quam in manu tenebat emisit. Ilia recta via

THE ARGONAUTS. 103

per medium spatium volavit et priusquam rupes confllxe-
runt incolumis evasit, cauda tantum amissa. Turn rupes
utrimque discesserunt ; antequam tamen rursus concur-
rerent, Argonautae bene intellegentes omnem spem salutis
in celeritate positam esse summa vl remls contenderunt
et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto, dis gratias
libenter egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto periculo erepti
essent : bene enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum rem
ita feliciter evenisse.

124. A Heavy Task.

BrevI intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim
venerunt, quod in finibus Colchorum erat. Ibi cum navem
appulissent et in terram egress! essent, statim ad regem
Aeetem se contulerunt et ab eo postulaverunt ut vellus
aureum sibi traderetur. Ille cum audivisset quam ob
causam Argonautae venissent, Ira commotus est et diu
negabat se vellus traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, quod
sciebat lasonem non sine auxilio deorum hoc negotium
suscepisse, mutata sententia promlsit se vellus traditurum,
si lason labores duos difficillimos prius perfecisset ; et
cum lason dixisset se ad omnia pencula subeunda paratum
esse, quid fieri vellet, ostendit. Prlmum iungendi erant
duo tauri specie horribili, qul flammas ex ore edebant ;
turn, his iunctis, ager quldam arandus erat et dentes
draconis serendi. His audltis, lason, etsl rem esse
summl perlcull intellegebat, tamen, ne hanc occasionem
rei bene gerendae amitteret, negotium suscepit.

125. The Magic Ointment.

At Medea, regis filia, lasonem adamavit et ubi audivit
eum tantum periculum subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat.

104 THE ARGONAUTS.

Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse
eo ipso consilio, ut lason moreretur. Quae cum ita
essent, Medea, quae summam scientiam medicmae habe-
bat, hoc consilium iniit. Media nocte clam patre ex urbe
evasit ; et postquam in montes f initimos venit, herbas
quasdam carpsit ; turn suco expresso unguentum paravit
quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque conflrmaret. Hoc
facto lasoni unguentum dedit : praecepit autem, ut eo
die, quo istl labores conficiendl essent, corpus .suum et
arma mane oblineret. lason, etsi paene omnes magnitu-
dine et viribus corporis antecellebat, vita enim omnis in
venationibus atque in studils rei militaris constiterat,
censebat tamen hoc consilium non neglegendum esse.

126. Sowing the Dragon's Teeth.

Ubi is dies venit quern rex ad arandum agrum edixerat,
lason orta luce cum sociis ad locum constitutum se con-
tulit. Ibi stabulum ingens repperit in quo taurl inclusi
erant : turn portis apertls tauros in lucem traxit et summa
cum difficultate iugum imposuit. At Aeetes, cum videret
tauros nihil contra lasonem valere, magnopere miratus
est ; nesciebat enim f Iliam suam auxilium el dedisse.
Turn lason omnibus aspicientibus agrum arare coepit ;
qua in re tantam diligentiam praebuit, ut ante meridiem
totum opus confecerit. Hoc facto, ad locum ubi rex
sedebat adiit et dentes draconis postulavit : quos ubi
accepit, in agrum quern araverat magna cum diligentia
sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura erat talis ut, in
eo loco ubi insitl essent, viri armati miro quodam rnodo
gignerentur.

THE ARGONAUTS. 105

127. A Strange Crop.

Nondum tamen lason totum opus confecerat : impera-
verat enim el Aeetes ut armatos viros qui e dentibus
glgnerentur solus interficeret. Postquam igitur omnes
dentes in agrum sparsit, lason lassitudine exanimatus
quietl se tradidit, dum virl isti glgnerentur. Paucas
horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum tamen e somno subito
excitatus rem ita evenisse, ut praedictum erat, cognovit :
nam in omnibus agri partibus virl ingentl magnitudine
corporis, gladiis galeisque armati, mlrum in modum e
terra oriebantur. Hoc cognito lason consilium quod
dederat Medea non omittendum esse putabat; saxum
igitur ingens, ita enim praeceperat Medea, in medios viros
coniecit. Illi undique ad locum concurrerunt et cum
quisque sibi id saxum, nescio cur, habere vellet, magna
controver§ia orta est. Mox strictis gladiis inter se pug-
nare coeperunt et cum hoc modo plurimi occisi essent,
reliqul volneribus confectl a lasone nullo negotio inter-
fecti sunt.

128. Flight of Medea.

At rex Aeetes, ubi cognovit lasonem laborem proposi-
tum confecisse, Ira graviter commotus est : intellegebat
enim id per dolum factum esse nee dubitabat quin Medea
auxilium el tulisset. Medea autem, cum intellegeret se
in magno fore periculo, si in regia mansisset, fuga salutem
petere constituit. Omnibus igitur ad fugam paratls media
nocte msciente patre cum fratre Absyrto evasit et quam
celerrime ad locum ubi Argo subducta erat se contulit.
E6 cum venisset, ad pedes lasonis se proiecit et multis
cum lacrimis obsecravit eum, ne in tanto discrimine

106 . THE ARGONAUTS.

mulierem desereret, quae el tantum profuisset. Ille,
quod memoria tenebat se per eius auxilium e magno
periculo evasisse, libenter earn excepit et postquam causam
veniendi audivit, hortatus est ne patris Iram timeret. Pro-
misit autem se quam primum earn in nave sua avecturum.

129. The Seizure of the Fleece.

Postrldie eius diel lason cum socils suis orta luce
navem deduxit et tempestatem idoneam nactl ad eum
locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus cela-
tum esse demonstravit. Eo cum venissent, lason in
terram egressus est et socils ad mare relictis qui praesidio
navi essent, ipse cum Medea in silvas viam cepit. Pauca
millia passuum per silvam progressus vellus quod quaere-
bat ex arbore suspensum vldit. Id tamen auferre res
erat summae difficultatis : non modo enim locus ipse
egregie et natura et arte munitus erat, sed etiam draco
quidam specie terribill arborem custodiebat. At Medea?
quae, ut supra, demonstravimus, medicmae summam
scientiam habuit, ramum quern ex arbore proxima deri-
puerat veneno infecit. Hoc facto ad locum appropm-
quavit et draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum
exspectabat, veneno sparsit : proinde, dum draco somno
oppressus dormit, lason vellus aureum ex arbore deripuit
et cum Medea quam celerrime pedem rettulit.

130. Back to the Argo.

Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare
rellctl erant, animo anxio reditum lasonis exspectabant :
bene enim intellegebant id negotium summl esse periculi.
Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverant,

THE ARGONAUTS, 107

de eius salute desperare coeperunt nee dubitabant quin
aliqui casus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, maturan-
dum sibi censuerunt, ut auxilium duel ferrent : et dum
proficlscl parant lumen quoddam subito conspiciunt
mlrum in modum inter silvas refulgens : et magnopere
mlratl quae causa esset eius rel ad locum concurrunt.
Quo cum venissent, lasonl et Medeae advenientibus
occurrerunt et vellus aureum luminis eius causam esse
cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum gaudio
ducem suum exceperunt et dis gratias libenter rettulerunt
quod res ita feliciter evenisset.

131. Pursued by the Angry Father.

His rebus gestis, omnes sine mora navem rursus con-
scenderunt et sublatis ancorls prlma vigilia solverunt :
neque enim satis tutum esse arbitrati sunt in eo loco
manere. At rex Aeetes, qui iam ante inimico in eos
fuerat animo, ubi cognovit filiam suam non modo ad
Argonautas se recepisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum
auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore gravius exarsit. Navem
longam quam celerrime deduci iussit et militibus impo-
sitis fugientes insecutus est. Argonautae, qui bene
sciebant rem in discrimine esse, summis vlribus remis
contendebant : cum tamen navis qua vehebantur ingenti
esset magnitudine, non eadem celeritate qua Colchi
progredl poterant. Quae cum ita essent, minimum afuit
qum a Colchis sequentibus caperentur neque enim lon-
gius intererat quam quo telum adicl posset. At Medea,
cum vldisset quo in loco res essent, paene omnl spe
deposita, Infandum hoc consilium cepit.

108 THE ARGONAUTS.

132. A Fearful Expedient.

Erat in nave Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aeetae,
nomine Absyrtus, quern, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea
ex urbe fugiens secum abduxerat. Hunc puerum Medea
constituit interficere eo consilio ut, membris eius in mare
coniectls, cursum Colchorum impedlret : pro certo enim
sciebat Aeetem, cum membra fill vidisset, non longius
prosecuturum esse : neque opinio earn fefellit : omnia
enim ita evenerunt ut Medea speraverat. Aeetes, ubi
primum membra vidit, ad ea colligenda navem statui
iussit : dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae non inter-
misso remigandi labore, mox, quod necesse fuit, e con-
spectu hostium remotl sunt neque prius fugere destiterunt
quam ad flumen Eridanum pervenerunt. At Aeetes nihil
sibi profuturum esse arbitratus, si longius progressus
esset, animo demlsso domum revertit, ut fill corpus ad
sepulturam daret.

133. The Bargain with Pelias.

Tandem post multa pericula lason in eundem locum
pervenit unde olim profectus erat. Turn e navi egressus
ad regem Peliam qui regnum adhuc obtinebat statim se
contulit et vellere aureo monstrato ab eo postulavit, ut
regnum sibi traderetur : Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si
lason vellus rettulisset, se regnum el traditurum. Post-
quam lason quid fieri vellet ostendit, Pelias primum nihil
respondit, sed diu in eadem tristitia tacitus permansit :
tandem ita locutus est. " Vides me aetate iam esse con-
fectum neaue dubium est quin dies supremus mihi adsit.

THE ARGONAUTS. 109

Liceat igitur mihi dum vivam hoc regnum obtinere ; turn,
postquam ego e vita discessero, tu in meum locum
venies." Hac oratione adductus lason respondit se id
facturum quod ille rogasset.

134. Boiled Mutton.

His rebus cognitis, Medea rem aegre tulit et regnl
cupiditate adducta constituit mortem regi per dolum
Inferre. Hoc constitute, ad filias regis venit atque ita
locuta est. "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate iam esse
confectum neque ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis
valere. Voltisne eum rursus iuvenem fieri ?" Turn filiae
regis his audltis ita responderunt. " Num hoc fieri
potest? Quis enim unquam e sene iuvenis factus est? "
At Medea respondit, " Scitis me medicmae summam
habere scientiam. Nunc igitur vobls demonstrabo quo-
modo haec res fieri possit." His dictis, cum arietem
aetate iam confectum interfecisset, membra eius in vas
aeneum posuit et igne supposito aquae herbas quasdam
Infudit. Turn, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum
cantabat. Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et
viribus refectls per agros currebat.

135. A Dangerous Experiment.

Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur,
Medea ita locuta est. "Videtis quantum valeat medi-
cina. Vos igitur, si voltis patrem vestrum in adulescen-
tiam reducere, id quod feel ipsae facietis. . Vos patris
membra in vas conicite ; ego herbas magicas praebebo."
His audltis, filiae regis consilium quod dederat Medea
non omittendum putaverunt : patrem igitur Peliam neca-

110 ARGONAUTS.

verunt et membra eius in vas aeneum coniecerunt ; nihil
enim dubitabant qurn hoc maxime el profuturum esset.
At res omnmo aliter evenit ac speraverant : Medea enim
non easdem herbas dedit quibus ipsa usa erat. Itaque,
postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum re vera
mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus gestis, Medea
sperabat se cum coniuge suo regnum accepturam esse :
at elves, cum intellegerent quo modo Pelias periisset,
tantum scelus aegre tulerunt : itaque lasone et Medea e
regno expulsis, Acastum regem creaverunt.

136. A Fatal Gift.

Post haec lason et Medea e Thessalia expulsi ad urbem
Corinthum venerunt, cuius urbis Creon quidam regnum
turn obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti fllia una, nomine
Glauce ; quam cum vidisset, lason constituit Medeam
uxorem suam repudiare eo consilio ut Glaucen in matri-
monium duceret. At Medea, ubi intellexit quae ille in
animo haberet, Ira graviter commota, iureiurando con-
firmavit se tantam iniuriam ulturam. Hoc igitur consilium
cepit. Vestem paravit summa arte contextam et varils
coloribus tinctam : hanc diro quodam Infecit veneno, cuius
vis talis erat, ut, si quis earn vestem induisset, corpus eius
quasi igm ureretur. Hoc facto, vestem ad Glaucen mlsit :
ilia autem nihil mall suspicans donum libenter accepit et
vestem novam, more feminarum, statim induit.

137. Flight of Medea and Death of Jason.

Vix vestem induerat Glauce, cum dolorem gravem per
omnia membra sensit et post paulufn diro cruciatu adfecta
e vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea furore atque

ULYSSES. Ill

amentia impulsa filios suds necavit : turn magnum sibi
fore periculum arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret, ex ea
regione fugere constituit. Hoc constitute, Solem oravit
ut in tanto periculo auxilium sibi praeberet. Sol autem
his precibus commotus currum quendam misit, cul dra-
cones alls instruct! iuncti erant. Medea non omittendam
tantam occasionem arbitrata currum conscendit itaque
per aera vecta incolumis ad urbem Athenas pervenit.
lason autem post breve tempus miro modo occisus est.
Ille enim, slve casu sive consilio deorum, sub umbra
navis suae, quae in lltus subducta erat, olim dormiebat.
At navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in earn partem ubi
lason iacebat subito delapsa virum Infelicem oppressit.

ULYSSES.

Ulysses, a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part in
the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out
with his followers on his homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island
of which he was king ; but, being driven out of his course by
northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at the country of
the Lotus Eaters, who are supposed to have lived on the north
coast of Libya (Africa). Some of his comrades were so
delighted with the lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the
country, but Ulysses compelled them to embark again, and
continued his voyage. He next came to the island of Sicily,
and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, one of the
Cyclopes. After several of his comrades had been killed by
the monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem, and next
reached the country of the Winds. Here he received the help

112 ULYSSES.

of ^Eolus, king of the winds, and, having set sail again, arrived
within sight of Ithaca ; but, owing to the folly of his compan-
ions, the winds became suddenly adverse, and they were again
driven back. They then touched at an island occupied by
Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on
the companions of Ulysses, and turned them into swine. By
the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses himself not only escaped
this fate, but forced Circe to restore her victims to human
shape. After staying a year with Circe, Ulysses again set out,
and eventually reached his home.

138. Homeward Bound.

Urbem Troiam a Graecis decem annos obsessam esse,
satis constat : de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus
poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scrlpsit.
Troia tandem per Insidias capta, Graeci longo bello fessi
domum redire maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profec-
tionem paratls naves deduxerunt et tempestatem idoneam
nactl magno cum gaudio solverunt. Erat inter primes
Graecorum Ulixes quidam, vir summae virtutis ac pru-
dentiae, quern dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse,
per quern Troiam captam esse constat. Hie regnum
Insulae Ithacae obtinuerat et paulo antequam cum
reliquls Graecis ad bellum profectus est puellam for-
mosissimam nomine Penelopen in matrimonium duxerat.
Nunc igitur cum iam decem annos quasi in exsilio con-
sumpsisset, magna cupidine patriae et uxoris videndae
ardebat.

ULYSSES. Ill

139. The Lotus Eaters.

Postquam tamen pauca millia passuum a litore Troiae
progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla
navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes
disicerentur. Navis autem, qua ipse Ulixes vehebatur,
vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus
Libyae appulsa est. Ancoris iactls, Ulixes constituit
nonnullos e sociis in terram exponere, qui aquam ad
navem referrent et qualis esset natura eius regionis cog-
noscerent. Hi igitur e navi egress! imperata facere
parabant. Dum tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex
incolls obviam fact! ab iis hospitio accept! sunt. Accidit
autem ut vlctus eorum hominum e mlro quodam fructu
quern lotum appellabant paene omnino constaret. Quern
cum Graec! gustassent, patriae et sociorum statim obllt!
se conflrmaverunt semper in ea terra mansuros ut dulc!
illo cibo in aeternum vescerentur. •

140. The Lotus Eaters — continued.

At Ulixes, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspec-
tasset, veritus ne socii su! in perlculo versarentur,
nonnullos e reliquls misit, ut, quae causa esset morae,
cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi, ad vicum
qui non longe afuit se contulerunt : quo cum venissent,
socios suos quasi vino ebrios reppererunt :, turn ubi causam
veniendi docuerunt, iis persuadere conabantur, ut secum
ad navem redlrent. IllI tamen resistere ac manu se de-
fendere coeperunt, saepe clamitantes se nunquam ex eo
loco abituros. Quae cum ita essent, nuntii re Infecta ad
Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitls, Ulixes ipse cum

114 UL YSSES.

omnibus qui in navl relict! sunt ad locum venit ; et socios
suos frustra hortatus ut sponte sua redirent, manibus
eorum post terga vinctls, invitos ad navem reportavit.
Turn ancorls sublatis quam celerrime e portu solvit.

141. The One-Eyed Giant.

Postridie eius die! postquam totam noctem remls con-
tenderant, ad terram Ignotam navem appulerunt : turn,
quod naturam eius regionis Ignorabat, ipse Ulixes cum
duodecim e socils in terram egressus locum explorare
constituit. Paulum a lltore progress! ad antrum ingens
pervenerunt, quod habitari senserunt : eius enim intro-
itum arte et manibus munitum esse animadverterunt.
Mox, etsi intellegebant se non sine periculo id facturos,
antrum intraverunt : quod cum fecissent, magnam copiam
lactis invenerunt in vasis ingentibus conditam. Dum
tamen mlrantur quis earn sedem incoleret, sonitum terri-
bilenv audiverunt et oculis ad portam versis monstrum
horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie et figura, sed
ingentl magnitudine corporis. Cum autem animadver-
tissent gigantem unum tantum oculum habere in media
fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclopi-
bus, de quibus famam iam acceperant.

142. The Giant's Supper.

Cyclopes autem pastores erant quidam, qui Insulam
Siciliam et praecipue montem Aetnam incolebant : ibi
enim Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, cuius
servi Cyclopes erant, officinam suam habebat.

Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore
paene exanimati in interiorem partem speluricae refuge-

UL YSSES. 115

runt et se ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem, ita
enim gigas appellatus est, pecora sua in speluncam egit ;
turn cum saxo ingenti portam obstruxisset, Ignem in
medio antro accendit. Hoc facto, oculo omnia perlustra-
bat et cum sensisset homines in interiore parte antri
celari, magna voce exclamavit. "Qui estis homines?
Mercatores an latrones ? " Turn Ulixes respondit se
neque mercatores esse neque praedandl causa venisse :
sed e Troia redeuntes vl tempestatum a recto cursu deV
pulsos esse : oravit etiam ut sibi sine iniuria abire liceret.
Turn Polyphemus quaesivit ubi esset navis qua vecti
essent ; Ulixes autem, cum bene intellegeret sibi maxime
praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rupes
coniectam et omnino perfractam esse. Polyphemus autem
nullo dato response duo e sociis manu corripuit et mem-
brls eorum divolsis carnem devorare coepit.

143. No Way of Escape.

Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror
occupavit, ut ne vocem quidem edere possent sed omnl
spe salutis deposits, mortem praesentem exspectarent.
At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tarn horribili cena
depulsa est, hum! prostratus somno se dedit. Quod cum
vidisset Ulixes, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae
non omittendam arbitrates, in eo erat ut pectus monstrl
gladio transfigeret. Cum tamen nihil temere agendum
existimaret, constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret,
qua ratione ex antro evadere possent. At cum saxum
animadvertisset, quo introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi
profuturum intellexit, si Polyphemum interfecisset.
Tanta enim erat eius saxi magnitudo, ut ne a decem

116 ULYSSES.

quidem hominibus amoveri posset. Quae cum ita essent,
Ulixes hoc destitit conatu et ad socios rediit ; qui, cum
intellexissent quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis
oblata, de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. Ille tamen,
ne animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est : demon-
stravit se iam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse,
neque dubium esse qum in tanto discrlmine dil auxilium
adlaturl essent.

144. A Plan for Vengeance.

Orta luce, Polyphemus iam e somno excitatus idem
quod hesterno die fecit; correptls enim duobus e reliquls
viris, carnem eorum sine mora devoravit. Turn, cum
saxum amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro pro-
gressus est : quod cum viderent Graecl, magnam in spem
venerunt se post paulum evasuros. Mox tamen ab hac
spe repulsi sunt : nam Polyphemus, postquam omnes
oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. ReliquI omni
spe salutis deposita lamentis lacrimisque se dediderunt :
Ulixes vero qul, ut supra demon stravimus,' vir magnl
fuit consili, etsi bene intellegebat rem in discrlmine esse,
nondum omnmo desperabat. Tandem postquam diu toto
animo cogitavit, hoc cepit consilium. E lignis quae in
antro reposita sunt, palum magnum delegit : hunc summa
cum diligentia praeacutum fecit ; turn postquam sociis quid
fieri vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphemi exspectabat.

145. A Glass Too Much.

Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit et eodem
modo quo antea cenavit. Turn Ulixes utrem vini promp-
sit, quern forte, ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit,
secum attulerat, et postquam magnam crateram vino

ULYSSES. 117

replevit, gigantem ad bibendum provocavit. Polyphemus,
qui nunquam antea vmum gustaverat, totam crateram
statim hausit ; quod cum fecisset, tantam voluptatem per-
cepit ut iterum et tertium crateram replerl iusserit. Turn
cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes appellaretur, ille
respondit se Neminem appellari : quod cum audivisset,
Polyphemus ita locutus est, " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto
beneficio referam ; te ultimum omnium devorabo." His
dictls, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit et post breve tern-
pus somno oppressus est. Turn Ulixes sociis convocatls,
" Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus facultatem : ne igitur
tantam occasionem rel bene gerendae omittamus."

146. Nobody.

Hac oratione habita, postquam extremum palum igne
calefecit, oculum PolyphemI dum dormit flagrante llgno
transfodit : quo facto, omnes in dlversas speluncae partes
se abdiderunt. At ille subito illo dolore, quod necesse
fuit, e somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit et
dum per speluncam errat, Ulixl manum inicere conabatur :
cum tamen iam omnino caecus esset, nullo modo hoc
efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes clamore audlto
undique ad speluncam convenerunt et ad introitum ad-
stantes, quid Polyphemus ageret quaesiverunt, et quam
ob causam tantum clamorem sustulisset. Ille respondit
se graviter volneratum esse et magno dolore adfici : cum
tamen ceteri quaesivissent quis el vim intulisset, respondit
ille Neminem id fecisse : quibus audltis, unus e Cyclopibus,
"At si nemo," inquit, "te volneravit, haud dubium est
quin consilio deorum, quibus resistere nee possumus nee
volumus, hoc supplicio adficiaris." His dictis abierunt
Cyclopes eum in Insaniam incidisse arbitrate

118 VLYSSES,

147. Escape.

At Polyphemus, ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore
atque amentia impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit :
tandem cum portam invenisset, saxum quo obstructa erat
amovit, ut pecus ad agros exiret. Turn ipse in introitu
sedit et ut quaeque ovis ad locum venerat, tergum eius
manibus tractabat, ne viri inter oves exire possent. Quod
cum animadvertisset Ulixes, hoc iniit consilium; bene
enim intellexit omnem spem salutis in dolo magis quam
in virtute pom. Primum tres quas vldit pinguissimas
ex ovibus delegit : quibus inter se viminibus conexls,
unum sociorum ventribus earum ita subiecit, ut omnlno
lateret : deinde oves hominem secum ferentes ad portam
egit. Id accidit quod fore suspicatus erat. Polyphemus
enim, postquam manus tergls earum imposuit, oves prae-
terire passus est. Ulixes, ubi rem ita fellciter evenisse
vldit, omnes suos socios ex ordine eodem modo emisit ;
quo facto, ipse ultimus evasit.

148. Out of Danger.

His rebus ita confectls, Ulixes cum sociis maxime
veritus ne Polyphemus fraudem sentlret, quam celerrime
ad lltus contendit : quo cum venissent, ab ils qui navi
praesidio relictl erant, magna cum laetitia accept! sunt.
Hi enim, cum animis anxiis iam tres dies reditum eorum
in horas exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse,
id quod erat, suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi para-
bant. Turn Ulixes non satis tutum esse arbitratus si in
eo Ioc5 maneret, quam celerrime proncisci constituit.
lussit igitur omnes navem conscendere et ancoris sublatis

ULYSSES. 119

paulum a litore in altum provectus est. Turn magna
voce exclamavit, "Tu, Polypheme, qui iura hospiti
spernis, iustam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae
solvistl." Hac voce audita, Polyphemus Ira vehementer
commotus ad mare se contulit et ubi intellexit navem
paulum a litore remotam esse, saxum ingens manu cor-
reptum in earn partem coniecit, unde vocem venire sensit.
Graeci autem, etsl minimum afuit quln submergerentur,
nullo accepto damno cursum tenuerunt.

149. The Country of the Winds.

Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus Ulixes ad
Insulam quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit.
Haec patria erat Ventorum.

" Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro
Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat."

Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio accepit atque ils persuasit
ut ad recuperandas vires paucos dies in ea regione
commorarentur. Septimo die cum socil e laboribus se
recepissent, Ulixes, ne annl tempore a navigatione exclu-
deretur, sibi sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn
Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse patriae
videndae, Ulixl iam prefecture magnum dedit saccum e
corio confectum, in quo ventos omnes praeter unum inclu-
serat. Zephyrum tantum praetermiserat, quod ilium ventum
ad Ithacam navigando idoneum esse sciebat. Ulixes hoc
donum libenter accepit et gratils pro tanto beneficio relatls,
saccum ad malum ligavit. Turn omnibus ad profectionem
paratls merldiano fere tempore e portu solvit.

120 ULYSSES.

150. The Wind-Bag.

Novem dies vento secundissimo cursum tenuerunt :
iamque in conspectum patriae suae venerant, cum Ulixes
lassitudine confectus, ipse enim manu sua gubernabat,
ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socil, qui iamdudum
mirabantur quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, cum viderent
ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem non
omittendam arbitratl sunt : credebant enim aurum et
argentum ibi celari. Itaque spe lucri adducti saccum
sine mora solverunt : quo facto, venti

"Velut agmine facto
Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant."

Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illl cursum
tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem unde erant
profectl referrentur. Ulixes e somno excitatus quo in
loco res esset statim intellexit : saccum solutum Ithacam
post tergum relictam vidit : turn vero maxima indignatione
exarsit sociosque obiurgabat, quod cupiditate pecuniae
adducti spem patriae videndae proiecissent.

151. Drawing Lots.

Brevi intermlsso spatio, Graecl insulae culdam appro-
plnquaverunt quam Circe, filia Solis, incolebat. Ibi cum
navem appulisset, Ulixes in terram frumentandi causa
egrediendum esse statuit ; cognoverat enim frumentum
quod in navl haberent iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se
convocatis, quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet,
ostendrL Cum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent quam
crudeli morte occubuissent ii qui nuper in patriam Cyclo-
pum egressi essent, nemo repertus est qui h5c negotium

UL YSSES. 121

suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, res ad controver-
siam deducta est. Tandem Ulixes consensu omnium
socios in duas partes divisit, quarum alterl Eurylochus,
vir summae virtutis, alterl ipse praeesset : turn hi duo
inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur. Hoc
facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit, ut cum duobus et viginti
socils rem susciperet.

152. The House of the Enchantress.

His rebus ita constitutis, ii qui sorte ducti erant in
interiorem partem Insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen
timor animos eorum occupaverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin
morti obviam irent : vix quidem poterant ii qui in navi
relicti erant lacrimas tenere : credebant enim se socios
suos nunquam iterum visuros. Illi autem aliquantum
itineris progressi ad villam quandam pervenerunt, sum ma
magnificentia aedificatam : cuius ad ostium cum adiissent,
carmen dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit eius
vocis dulcedo, ut nullo modo retineri possent quin ianuam
pulsarent. Hoc facto, ipsa Circe foras exiit et summa
cum benignitate omnes in hospitium invitavit. Eurylochus
insidias comparari suspicatus foris exspectare constituit :
at reliqui rei novitate adducti intraverunt. Convivium
magnificum invenerunt omnibus rebus instruction ; et iussii
dominae libentissime accubuerunt. At Circe vinum quod
servi apposuerunt medicamento quodam miscuerat : quod
cum illi bibissent, gravi sopore subito oppressi sunt.

153. Men Changed to Pigs.

Turn Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam
habebat, baculo aureo quod gerebat capita eorum tetigit :

122 UL YSSES.

quo facto, omnes in porcos subito conversi sunt. Interea
Eurylochus Ignarus quid in aedibus ageretur ad ostium
sedebat ; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo
et sollicito exspectaverat, solus ad navem regredi consti-
tuit. Eo cum venisset, anxietate ac timore ita perturbatus
fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix lucide narrare posset. At
Ulixes satis intellexit socios suos in periculo versari, et
gladio correpto Eurylocho imperavit, ut sine mora viam
ad istam domum monstraret. Ille tamen multls cum
lacrimls Ulixem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne in tantum
perlculum se committeret : Si quid gravius el accidisset,
omnium salutem in summo discrimine futuram. Ulixes
autem respondit se neminem invitum secum adducturum :
el licere, si mallet, in navi manere : se ipsum sine ullo
auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc cum magna voce dlxisset,
e navi desiluit et nullo sequente solus in viam se dedit.

154. The Counter Charm.

Aliquantum itineris progressus ad villam magnificam
pervenit, quam cum oculis perlustrasset, statim intrare
statuit: intellexit enim hanc esse eandem de qua Eury-
lochus mentionem fecisset. At cum in eo esset ut limen
transiret, subito obviam el stetit adulescens forma pul-
cherrima, aureum baculum manu gerens. Hie Ulixem
iam domum intrantem manu corripuit et, " Quo ruis ? "
inquit, " Nonne scis hanc esse Circes domum ? Hie
inclusi sunt amicl tui, ex humana specie in porcos con-
versi. Num vis ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? "
Ulixes simul ac vocem audlvit deum Mercurium agnovit :
nullls tamen precibus ab Institute consilio deterreri potuit;
quod cum Mercurius sensisset, herbam quandam el dedit,

ULYSSES. 123

quam contra carmina maxime valere dlcebat. " Hanc
cape," inquit, " et ubi Circe te baculo tetigerit, tu, stricto
gladio, impetum in earn vide ut facias." His dictis

Mercurius

" Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit,
Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram."

155. The Enchantress Foiled.

Brevi intermlsso spatio, Ulixes ad omnia perlcula sub-
eunda paratus ostium pulsavit et foribus patefactis ab ipsa
Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia eodem modo atque
antea facta sunt. Cenam magnifice Instructam vidit et
accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo depulsa est,
Circe poculum aureum vino repletum Ulixi dedit. Ille,
etsi suspicatus est venenum sibi paratum esse, poculum
exhausit: quo facto, Circe, postquam caput eius baculo
tetigit, ea verba locuta est quibus socios eius antea in
porcos converterat. Res tamen omnmo aliter evenit
atque ilia speraverat. Tanta enim vis erat eius herbae
quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque venenum neque verba
quidquam efficere possent. Ulixes autem, sicut iusserat
Mercurius, gladio stricto impetum in earn fecit et mortem
minitabatur. Turn Circe, cum sensisset artem suam nihil
valere, multls cum lacrimis eum obsecrare coepit, ne
vltam adimeret.

156. Pigs Changed to Men.

Ulixes autem ubi sensit earn timore perterritam esse,
postulavit ut socios sine mora in humanam speciem redu-
ceret, certior enim factus erat a deo Mercurio eos in
porcos converses esse : nisi id factum esset, ostendit se

124 UL YSSES.

debitas poenas sumpturum. At Circe his rebus graviter
commota ad pedes ems se proiecit et multis cum lacrimis
iureiurando confirmavit se, quae ille imperasset, omnia
facturam : turn porcos in atrium immittl iussit. 111! dato
signo inruerunt et cum ducem suum agnovissent, magno
dolore adfecti sunt, quod nullo modo potuerunt eum de
rebus suis certiorem facere. Circe tamen unguento
quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto, omnes post breve
tempus in speciem humanarri redditi sunt. Magno cum
gaudio Ulixes amicos agnovit et nuntium ad litus mlsit,
qui reliquls Graecls socios receptos esse diceret. 111!
autem his rebus cognitis statim ad domum Circaeam se
contulerunt ; quo cum venissent, omnes universl laetitiae
se dediderunt.

157. Afloat Again.

Postridie eius die! Ulixes in animo habebat ex Insula
quam celerrime discedere : Circe tamen, cum haec cog-
novisset, ex odio ad amorem conversa omnibus precibus
eum orare et obtestarl coepit, ut paucos dies apud se
moraretur: et hoc tandem impetrato tanta beneficia in
eum contulit ut facile el persuasum sit ut diutius maneret.
Postquam tamen totum annum apud Circen consump-
serat, Ulixes magno desiderio patriae suae videndae motus
est. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quid in animo haberet
ostendit. Ubi tamen ad litus descendit, navem suam
tempestatibus ita adflictam invenit, ut ad navigandum
paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia quae ad
naves reficiendas usul sunt comparari iussit: qua in re
tan tarn diligentiam omnes praebebant, ut ante tertium
diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit omnia ad
profectionem parata esse, rem aegre ferebat et Ulixem

UL YSSES. 125

vehementer obsecrabat, ut eo consllio desisteret. Ille
tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, matu-
randum sibi existimavit et tempestatem idoneam nactus
navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulixl subeunda
erant antequam in patriam suam pervenlret: quae tamen
in hoc loco longum est perscribere.

NOTES.

NOTES.

. 1. 1. 5. tergum is the object and monstrum the subject of vol-
nerabit.

2. 1. 4. aquae periculum: if the genitive is emphatic it comes

before the noun on which it depends. Compare 1, 1. 5,
miseri pueri tergum.

3. 1. 2. igitur : notice its position.
1. 3. bona : take with poma.

4. 1. 4. domino : to the master.

5. 1. i. parvum habebam thesaurum : notice the order, and com-

pare 4, 1. 2, argentum celat multum.
1. 6. nee umquam : but never.

6. 1. 3. magnis: to be taken with fossis, as well as with tumulis,

"with great dikes and mounds.
1. 4. claustra : object of deturbat.

7. 1. 6. umeris : upon their shoulders.

1. 7. Cimbri: point out other instances that have occurred of

the subject placed after the verb.
1. 8. pueri factum : see note on 2, 1. 4.

8. 1. 5. et . . . et : both . . . and.

10. 1. 3. labore superbus: compare in 1. i, labore fessus, and in 2,

1. i, limo et aqua plena. Mark how the Latin often
expresses by the ablative what we denote by of with
a noun.

11. 1. 4. quidem : do not translate indeed, but, to be sure. Compare

a similar use of quidem in 5, 1. 5.

12. 1. i. fSrte: it happened that.

14. 1. 10. hue illuc = huc et illuc.

15. 1. 5. veniam delicti : pardon for the offence.
1. 7. vincit : not from vinco,

130 NOTES.

16. 1. 2. rex exsul : the king while an exile.

1. 9. Ira plena : compare limo et aqua plena, 2, 1. i.

17. 1. 2. magna cum caterva : a common Latin order.
1. 5. umeris : from his shoulders.

\. 7. recurrit : compare currit, 14, 1. 9, occurrit, 11, 1. 7.
1. 8. grata: agrees with regma understood, she gratefully.

21. 1. 7. equi regis habenas : the bridle-reins of the king's horse.

22. 11. 5 and 6. rrmtat . . . cum: exchanges . . .for.

1. 10. vix continet iram : hardly can he restrain his anger.
1. 1 1. invitus : unwillingly ; adjectives must frequently be trans-
lated by adverbs. Cf. grata, 17, 1. 8.

23. 1. 2. multis cum lacrimis : see note on magna cum caterva,

17, 1. 2.

1. 6. inviti: see note on invitus, 22, 1. n.
1. 6. poenam : this word meant originally a fine for a misdeed ;

hence to take a fine from one came to mean, to inflict

punishment on one.

24. 1." 2. acubus : with needles.

25. 1. 4. prae timore = propter timorem.

26. 1. 4. vestigia fallebant : made their steps uncertain ; or, made

an uncertain footing.

27. 1. 3. taciti: see note on invitus, 22, 1. n.

1. 9. defendit: cf. 1. 4, where it means keeps away from.
1. 9. demittit : how different in meaning from demittunt in
1. 2?

28. 1. 3. regis : depends on virtutem,
1. 7. custodem: as guard.

\. 10. comitem : as companion.

31. 1. 2. dum . . . abest : while he was absent. The present tense
is often used after dum, of an act that was going on,
and hence must be rendered by a past tense.
1. 3. more suo : as his way was. What literally ?
1. ii. iacebat : was lying dead.
34. 1. 2. copiarum regis impetum: the attack of the king's forces.

1. 3. supererat : from supersum.

36. 1. 2. gravis corripuerat morbus : that is, gravis morbus cor-
ripuerat. Find examples of a similar order in 1, 3, 4, 5.
1. 6. agris nummisque: in lands and money.

NOTES. 131

37. 1. 2. agunt : a word of many meanings. Cf . 34, 1. 5, for a very

different sense.

1.3. ex ... fidelissimi : i.e., fidelissimi ex meis servis.
1. 3. deliciarum causa : expect always to find causa, for the sake

of, following its genitive.

6. animo . . . praecipiunt : anticipate. What literally ?
8. altero : than the other, comparative ablative with mol-

lior.
10. abnuit: perfect tense.

38.

39.

40.

9. questus : accusative plural.

10. cursu : with fessi, and fame with languid!.
12. corpora: i.e., corpora liberorum.

2. nulla : mark its emphatic position ; it agrees with messis.

6. omnes ad unum : all to a man.

10. post : we should say within.

i. in medio Rheno: in the middle of the Rhine, a common

Latin idiom.

3. aqua : comparative ablative with tutius.
3. tutius : neuter comparative of tutus.
3. habet : the subject is princeps, understood.
1. 4. mille : indeclinable in the singular, has pedum dependent

on it.

1. 9. hi ... ill! : these . . . those.
1. 1 3. poenam sumunt : see note on 23, 1. 6.
41. 1. 3. dum iacent : see note on dum . . . abest, 31, 1. 2.

1. 6. exit! : gen. of exitium.
42- 1. 3. ingrati : see note on 22, 1. 1 1 .

1. 5. priore pulchrius : for the construction compare note on

altero, 37, 1. 8 ; also on aqua, 40, 1. 3.

1. 6. magna . . . caterva: a common order in Latin is adjective,
genitive, noun with which the adjective agrees. How is
it in English ?

1. 9. ipse : of its own accord, a common use of ipse.
43. 1. 2. unus ex adsentatoribus : you will find this a common con-
struction in place of the partitive genitive, unus adsenta-
torum. Find other examples in 37 and 10.
1. 5. iussu eius : by his order.
1. 7. in rupe stat propinqua : notice the order.

132 NOTES.

43. 1. ii. mandata regia = mandata regis. Find a similar con-

struction in 16.

44. 1. 3- can! comiti : to his dog, his companion = his dog, who accom-

panied hin.
1. 6. hdc = hocbaculo.

45. 1. 6. haec : she (the duck).

1. 7. fugiebat : sought to escape.

46. 1. 4. duxerat : domum, home, is understood.

1. 7. multae: note the gender of the adjective used as a
noun.

47. 1. 9. Deianira : ablative after the comparative pulchriorem.

Cf. altero, 37, 1. 8, and note.

48. 1. 7. somm : from somnium, not somnus.
1. n. trahebant: could pull.

1. n. hdc : comparative ablative. Cf. 37, 1. 8, note.

53. 1. 7. visum: from video.
1. 8. texerat : from tego.

54. 1. 1 2. militi : depends on dedit.

1. 15. meis: volneribus is understood. What ablative is this?

55. 1. 2. ovis : from ovum. -
1. ii. ei : to it.

56. 1. 5. sua aqua : from their water.

1. 5. depellebant t would drive away.

1. 7. vere : from ver.

1. 8. frusta : do not confound with frustra.

58. 1. 9. abditum : from abdo.
1. 10. rus : into the country.

59. 1. 9. diu parco aquae: I have long been saving the water.

63. 1. i. Apicio : depends on transportaverant.
1. 4. aliud : different.

1. 4. ilia : the former, feles.
1. 5. haec : the latter, simia.
1. 1 1 . more SUO : as its habit was.

64. 1. 8. Me : here. Cf . 40, 1. 3.
1. n. repete: resume.

1. 13. capitis damnabor: / shall be condemned to death. But

what literally ?
66. 1. 9. tempestatis : from the storm.

NOTES. 133

69. 1. 6. domi : at home.

1. 7. depellunt : have driven

\. 9. laeti : render as if it were an adverb, joyfully.

1. 1 5. divini : sent by the gods.

70. 1. 9. coquit : observe the present tense and see 31, 1. 2, and note.

71. 1. 5. semel : once only.

1. ii. cena : imperative from ceno, not the noun.

72. 1. 4. pratum: subject of praebebat.
1. 5. ilia : ilia vacca.

1. 8. Me : here. Cf. 64, 1. 8.

1. 9. oneravit : translate the perfect after postquam, ubi, and
ut, all meaning -when, as a pluperfect.

74. 1. 4. hunc : the order in English would be hunc asinum quern

videtis.

1. 6. arcessivit : cf. note on 72, 1. 9.
1. 10. quod : because.
1. ii. es : imperative.
1. 12. aut, ego, etc. : one of us, either I, or the king, or the ass,

•will be dead.

75. 1.5. in animo est : in animd miKi est, / intend.

I. 9. dixit : see note on 72, 1. 9.

76. 1. 10. hie : the king.

78. 1. n. qu5 : translate of which.

79. 1. i. maxim! : highly; literally, at a very great (price).

II. 7 and 8 : quid . . . amoris : any love.
1. 13. minimi : see note on line i.

80. 1. 7. inter se : with each other.

81. 11. 4 and 5. in maximum . . . adductus est : his life was exposed

to the greatest peril. But what literally ?

6. regi : depends on attulit.

7. confecto : with regi.

82.

83.

i. laetus : see 22, 1. ii, and note.

1 1 . alter : one or the other.

1 1 . soli '. we alone.

i. idem: at the same time. But what literally? An absurd

antithesis ; as if a poor man were not as likely as a rich

man, to be acri ingenio praeditus.
1. 7. qui ubi : when he. — cognovit : see note on 72, 1. 9.

134 NOTES.

83. 1. 10. lavantis : gen. of the present participle, of one washing.

84. 1. 6. cado = in cado.

I. 14. humi: cf. domi, 69, 1. 6.

II. 14 and 15. ille . . . hie : the former . . . the latter.

85. 1. i. idem: cf. 83, 1. i, and note.

1. 7. dicentis : see note on lavantis, 83, 1. 10.

86. 1. 5. oblitus : from obliviscor.
1. 8. alterum : one.

1. 10. Imum cothurnum : the bottom of his shoe.

1. 10. baud ita multo post : not very long afterwards.

1. 13. priore maiorem: see note on 47, 1. 9.

87. 11. 6 and 7. altera . . . altera : one . . . another.
1. 6. utraque manu : with both hands.

88. 1. 2. in summum discrimen adducta est : cf. 81, 1. 4, and note.
1. 4. more suo : cf. 63, 1. n, and note.

1. 6. una cum : along with.

1.9. hlC : at this point.

1. n. vobis stultius : more foolish than you.

1. 14. nihili: of no account ; cf. 79, 11. i and 13.

89. 1. i. caesum : supine, to cut.

1. 12. quod . . . raptum : which had been snatched from travellers
and hidden by the robbers in that place. Literally, which
snatched from travellers the robbers, etc.

1. 1 3. quam maximo pondere : with the greatest possible weight.

90. 1. 9. nee . . . poterat : and because he could not.

91. 1. i . callidissimum : callidissimum hominem.

1. 2. rei exquirendae causa : for the purpose of investigating the
matter. Notice that causa, for the sake, or purpose of,
comes after the genitive depending upon it. Cf. 37, 1. 3.

1. 7. quaerenti: present participle agreeing with ei, meaning the
robber, understood.

92. 1. 5. singula binds : in the rest, one by one, he hid robbers two by

two ; in each of the rest he hid two robbers.
1. 1 2. latronibus : depends on iniecit.
1. 13. ad unum : to a man. Cf. 39, 1. 6.
94. 1. 4. attonitus : though astonished.

1. 6. descend! non potest : one cannot descend.
1. 8. ab ima valle : cf. 86, 1. 10.

NOTES. 135

95. 1. 3. pulsus : from pello.

96. 1. i. baud ita multo post : see 86, 1. 10, and note.
1. n. huic, etc. : take the words just as they stand.

97. 1. 4. quern . . . miseruit : whom it pitied ; who had com-

passion on the weak old man.
1. 5. facturus : ready to do.
1. 5. simul = simul atque.

98. 1. 5. ascendi non potest: one cannot climb. Compare 94,

1. 6, and note.

99. 1. 6. maximi: see 79, 1. i, and note.

1. 9. bibendi causa : see 91, 2, and note.,

100. 1. 6. alveo = in alveo.

1. 6. fluminis modo : like a river.

1. 12. sub imum montem: at the base of the mountain. Cf.
40, 1. i, and note.

101. 1. 3. dum . . . dormit : cf. 31, 1. 2, and note.

1. 1 1 . reliquum vitae spatium : cf. 42, 1. 6, and note.

102. 1. 6. arando : ablative of the gerund ; in ploughing.

1. 6. gramine vescor tenui : for the order, compare 4, 1. 2,

argentum celat multum. Also 5, 1. i, and note.
1. 10. usus : by following ; from utor.
1. 12. edere: not the same verb as edis, 1. 10.

103. 1. 3. quern . . . poenitebat : who now repented.
1. 12. ausus: from audeo.

1. 12. ipse: cf. 42, 1. 9, and note.

104. 1. 5. morandi eum taedebat : it tired him of 'delaying ; he grew

tired of waiting.
1.8. imum flumen : cf. imum montem, 100, 1. 12, and

note.
1. 12. querenti: dative of the present participle in agreement

with Boeoto, which depends on respondit.
1. 12. te: subjective-accusative of irasci; it by no means

becomes you to be angry.

105. 1. 4. ex ... ancillis : cf. 43, 1. 2, and note. Take the words

in this order : fidelissimam ex omnibus ancillis quam

regina habebat.
1. 5. Hi : i.e. servus et ancilla.
1. 6. brevi : brevi tempore.

136 NOTES.

105. 1. 6. ut . . . impetrarent : explanatory of hoc consilium.

They formed this design, that they would get, etc.
1. 9. mea : agrees with uxor.
1. 10. quern . . . miseruit : cf. 104, 1. 5, and note.
1. 13. Quae: regina.

106. 1. 2. consolaturus : the future participle here expresses pur-

pose, to sympathize with her.
1. 2. versa : from vertor.
1. 2. gratias ... ago: cf. 103, 11. 9 and 10.
1. 5. Quod ubi : begin with ubi in translating. Quod is the

object of credere.

107. 1. 2. summo fovebat amdre: for the order compare 5, 1. i,

and note.

1. 4. Quod ubi : cf. 106, 1. 5, and note.
1. 6. ille: i.e. Boeotus.

1. 8. quod exemplum ... id : id exemplum quod tu, etc.
1. 12. ita ut : jitst as.

108. 1. i. ingenio bemgno : descriptive ablative; render as if it

were a genitive.

1. 6. magnam . . . partem : cf. 42, 1. 6, and note.
1. 6. paulo longius : a little farther.
1. 12. quam celerrime : cf. 83, 1. 8, and note.

109. 1. 2. in nautam . . . incidit : cf. 107, 1. 3.

1. 8. puerumque . . . parant: and, seizing the boy, they make
ready to rob him of his clothing. Cf. 89, 1. 12, and note.
1. 12. clamantis: of one shouting. Cf. 83, 1. 10, and note.
1. 1 6. certiores fact! : informed.

110. 1. n. modo: only.

111. 1. i. Quod ubi: cf. 106, 1. 5, and note.

1. 3. conloquendi causa : cf. 37, 1. 3, and note.

1. 5. modo: cf. 110, 1. n.

1. 7. Brevi : cf. 105, 1. 6.

1. 8. adventum eius : her coming.

112. 1. i. Hanc: the latter, subject-accusative of facere.
1. 2. quodcumque : whatsoever.

1. 9. convenisset : had been agreed upon.
\. 9. ex agnis alterum : unum agnorum. Cf. 43, 1. 2, and
note.

NOTES. 137

112. 1. ii. brevi: cf. Ill, 1. 7.

1. ii. ne hdc quidem : not even with this.

113. 1. i. questus: from queror.

1. 5. cuiusdam : from quidam.
1. 6. carnis : from card.

114. 1. 8. abstulerunt : from auferd.
1. 12. quaesivit: from quaero.
1. 13. cum: though.

115. 1. 3. qui . . . consulerent : to consult ; a relative clause express-

ing purpose.

1. 4. quam . . . venisset : an indirect question (§ 46), like
quae causa esset, 114, 1. 12. Translate such sub-
junctives as if they were indicatives.

1. 13. alterum : cf. 86, 1. 8, and note.

1. 13. transeundo ' notice the form of the gerund in -undo,
instead of in -endo.

1. 14. nescio quo = aliqu5. Cf. 114, ad fin. nescio quam =
aliquam.

116. 1. 2. altero pede : cf. alterum, 115, ad fin.

1. 2. quern cum : begin with cum and render quern Aim, as

object of vidisset, § 36.
1.4. demonstravisset : a clause dependent upon an accusative

and infinitive generally has the verb in the subjunctive.

Render the subjunctive as if it were indicative.
1. 7. illud : that famous.
1. 9. Ut . . . potiretur: of getting this fleece.
1. 9. cum : since. § 47.
1. 10. sperabat : the subject is Pelias. To whom does eum

refer?
1 1 . quid . . . vellet : cf . note on 115, 1. 4.

117.

118.

3. qui . . . docerent : cf. 115, 1. 3, qui . . . consulerent, and

note.

4. postquam . . . iussit : cf. 72, 1. 9, and note.

12. quam quibus : than those -which.

13. tota: agrees with navis. Translate wholly.
4. Tradunt = dicunt.

7. quos : has its antecedent, eos, following, whom he thought
. . . those he chose ; chose those whom he thought.

138 NOTES.

118. 1. 7. ad ... pericula : for facing all dangers. The participle

in -dus is often used thus in agreement with a noun,
when we might expect 'the gerund with its object in
the accusative.

119. 1. 3. attigerunt : from attingo.
1. 9. cum : since. § 47.

1. 12. pugnatum est : it was fought ; they fought.
1. 1 5. abiecerunt : from abicio.

120. 1. 6. iam deficere : was now beginning to fail.

1. 8. puer forma praestantissima. Cf. 108, 1. i, and note.
1. 12. negaret facturum : denied himself to be going to do this ;
in English, declared that he would not do this ; refused
to do it.

13. abstulerunt : see 114, 1. 8, and note.
17. lasonem: subject-accusative of solvisse (navem).

121. . 2. appulerant : from appello.

3. quaesissent : from quaero.

4. quis . . . obtineret : see note on 115, 1. 4.

6. adfici : present infin. passive of adficio.

7. in : towards.

7. Cuius supplici, etc. : of the punishment of whom this was

the kind ; in English, whose p^^n^shment was of this

kind.

1. 9. specie horribili : see note on 120, 1. 8.
1. 13. Quae . . . essent : this being the case. What literally?
1. 13. baud . . . moreretur : not much was it distant but that

Phineus should die of hunger ; in English, Phineus was

within a little of dying of hunger.

122. 1. 3. gavisus est : from gaudeo.

1. 4. quantam . . . haberent : see 115, 1. 4, and note.
1. 6. qui . . . vocaret : see 115, 1. 3, and note.
1. 9. si ... reperissent : if they should find, not had found.
1. n. simul ac= simul atque, 1. 2.

1. 1 6. Quod cum : translate cum first and quod as the object
of sensissent. See Rule 12, p. 68.

123. 1. 4. ingenti magnitudine : cf. 108, 1. i, and note.
1. 4. eo consilio : explained by the following words.
1. 5. ne quis : that no one. § 40.

NOTES. 139

123. 1. 8. doctus est : i.e., Jason.

1. 9. sublatis ancoris : weighing anchor. Read the following
note on the Ablative Absolute :

(1) A very common construction in Latin is that of

a noun and a participle in the ablative, to ex-
press the time, cause, or some other circum-
stance of an action. The words in the ablative
are cut off grammatically from the rest of the
sentence, and hence this construction is called
the ablative absolute.

Consul, pace facta, revertit : the consul,
peace having been made, returned.

(2) It is seldom best to render the ablative absolute

literally. Thus instead of the above, we may
render

1. The consul, after making peace, returned.

2. The consul, when peace had been made,

returned.

3. The consul, because peace had been made,

returned.

4. The consttl made peace and returned.

(3) Sometimes instead of a noun and a participle in

the ablative we have

1. Two nouns.

2. A pronoun and a participle.

3. A noun and an adjective.

1. 14. antequam . . . concurrerent : the imperfect and pluper-
fect tenses are usually in the subjunctive after ante-
quam and priusquam, but the subj unctive is generally
to be rendered as if it were indicative.

124.

125.

4. contulerunt : from confero.

7. negabat . . . esse: cf. 120, 1. 12, and note.

9. traditurum : esse omitted, as often with forms made up

of a participle and esse.

10. si ... perfecisset: see 122, 1. 9, and note.
12. iungendi erant : were to be yoked.

4. eo consilio : see 123, 1. 4, and note.

4. Quae cum essent : see 121, 1. 13, and note.

140 NOTES.

125. 1. 9. quod : of such a kind as to.

1. 1 1 . confi ciendi essent : were to be accomplished. Cf . 124-
1. 12, and note.

126. 1. 2. orta : from orior.

1. 3. repperit : from reperio.
1. 14. msiti: from msero.

127. 1. 7. rem evenisse : depends on cognovit.
1. 7. ita . . . ut: just as.

1. 13. cum: since. § 47.

128. 1. 5. Si ... mansisset : if she should remain, not had remained

See 122, 1. 9, and note.
1. 15. quam primum : as quickly as possible.
1. 1 5. avecturum : supply esse. See 124, 1. 9, and note.

129. 1. i. orta luce: see 126, 1. 2.
1. 2. nacti : from nanciscor.

1. 5. qui . . . essent: see 122, 1. 6, and note.

1. 5. praesidid navi : for a protection to the ship, the first a

dative of purpose, the second a dative of the object.
1. 1 8. rettulit: from refero.

130. 1. 6. Quae . . . essent : see 125, 1. 4, and 121, 1. 13, and note.
1. 6. maturandum sibi : they must hasten.

\. 13. sublato: from tollo.

1. 14. rettulerunt: from refero.

131. 1. 4. inimico . . . animd : had been hostile to them. What

literally ?

1. 7. hoc dolore : with anger on this account.

1. 7. exarsit : from exardesc5.

1. 13. minimum . . . caperentur: it was a very little way off
but that they should be captured by the Colchi following ;
in English, they were within a little of being captured by
the pursuing Colchians. Cf. 121, 1. 14, and note.

1. 14. neque . . . posset: for it was not longer between than
whither a javelin coidd be thrown ; in English, for the
interval was not greater than a javelin-cast.

1. 1 6. loco: state, not place.

132. 1. 7. fefellit: from fallo.

1. 9. ad ea colligenda : for the purpose of collecting these.
1. ii. quod . . . fuit : which was necessary = naturally.

NOTES. 141

132, 1. 12. prius . . . quam: until. When prius and quam are

separated thus, translate the two parts with the last
verb.

1. 14. si ... progressus esset : see, once more, 128, 1. 5, and
note ; also, 122, 1. 9.

133.

134.
135.

136.
137.

1 1 . liceat . . . mihi : let me.

14. rogasset = rogavisset.

i . aegre tulit : was disappointed.
4. ipsae : vos ipsae.
10. aliter . . . ac: other-wise than.
8. ulturam : from ulciscor.

1 5. steterat : from sto.

138. . i . obsessam : from obsideo.

. 9. quern: subject-accusative of excogitasse.

139. . 3. aliae . . . disicerentur : -were scattered, some in one direc-

tion, others in another.

1. 6. appulsa : from appello.

1. 7. qui . . . referrent : a relative clause expressing purpose.
Find previous examples of this construction.

1. 8. et: connects referrent and cognoscerent.

1. 10. quibusdam . . . fact! : having met certain of the inhab-
itants.

1. 13. Quern cum: begin with cum.

1. 14. gustassent : for gustavissent. Cf. rogasset, 133,
1. 14.

1. 14. obliti : from obliviscor.

1. 15. mansuros : supply esse.

140. 1. i. exspectasset : for exspectavisset.
1. 5. afuit : from absum.

1. 10. abituros : from abed ; supply esse and compare 124,

1. 9, and note.
1. 10. re mfecta : without accomplishing their object.

141. 1. 2. appulerunt : see 139, 1. 6, and note.
1. 8. facturos : cf. 124, 1. 9, and note.

142. 1. 1 8. sibi : dative of the agent with praecavendum esse. Cf.

130, 1. 6.
1. 22. divolsis : from divello.

143. 1. 5. Quod: rule 12, p. 68.

142 NOTES,

143. 1. 7. non omittendam : ought not to be lost.
.7. in CO erat ut : was on the point of.
. 8. cum : since.

11. nihil sibi profuturum (esse) : that it would be of no use

to them.

12. si ... interfecisset : if he should kill ; not had killed.

1 6. loco : state, not place. Cf. 131, 1. 16.

17. oblata: from off erd.
21. adlaturi: from adferS.

144.

145.

146.

. 2. quod: as.

. 6. evasuros : see 124, 1. 9, and note.

. 14. reposita: from repono.

. i . eodem modo quo : in the same -way as.

. 4. attulerat : from adfero.

. 9. quaesivisset : from quaero.

.15. quam petiimus facultatem: facultatem quam petii-

mus.
i. extremum palum : extremam partem pall.

4. quod necesse fuit : necessarily ; literally, a thing -which
•was necessary. The reference is to what follows. Cf.
132,1. ii.
1. 5. sustulit : from tollo.

147. 1. 10. conexis: from conecto.

1. 12. oves : object of egit, and hominem object of feren-
tes.

148. 1. 3. navi praesidio : see 129, 1. 5, and note.
1. 6. in horas : hottrly.

1. 7. id quod erat : as was really true.

1. 18. minimum afuit quin : cf. 121, 1. 14, and note.

149. 1. 4. Hie : explained by vasto . . . antro = in vasto antro.
1. n. sibi . . . proficiscendum : cf. 130, 1. 6, and note.

1. 17. relatis: from refero.

150. 1. 10. Velut agmine facto : as if with battle line formed.

1. ii. Qua, etc. : where the gate was opened rush forth and

blow over the earth in a whirlwind.
1. 17. proiecissent : from pro icio.

151. 1. 5. quod . . . haberent : depends on frumentum . , . deficere,
1. 12. alter! : the one ; depends on praeesset.

NOTES. 143

152. 1. 4. morti Obviam irent : they were going to their death. Cf.

139, 1. n.

153. . 2. tetigit : from tango.

13. si quid gravius : if any misfortune; literally, anything

heavier.

1 6. ei licere : that he might.
1 8. in viam se dedit : set out.

154. . 4. in eo esset ut : was on the point of.

10. vis : from void.

15. tetigeret : see 153, 1. 2, and note.

155. . 3. atque : as.

10. aliter . . . atque: other-wise than.
13. quidquam: anything at all.

156. . 4. nisi . . . esset: unless she should do this ; if she did not

do this.

. 7. quae : refers to omnia.

10. de rebus suis : about what had happened to them.
1 5. qui . . . diceret : to report.

157. 1. 6. ei persuasum sit: he was persuaded ; literally, it was

persuaded to him.

1. 13. usui : useful ; literally, for use.
\. 1 8. maturandum sibi : see 130, 1. 6, and note.
1. 20. Ulixi subeunda erant : had to be braved by Ulysses^
1. 21. quae : object of perscribere.
1, 22. longum est : would be tedious.

VOCABULARY.

a, ab, prep, by, from.

abdd, 3, -didi, -ditus, hide, con-
ceal.

abduco, 3, -duxl, -ductus, lead
away, take away, carry off.

abeo, -Ire, -Ivi or -il, -itus, go
away, depart.

abicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw
or put down, lay aside.

abnuo, 3, -ul, -uiturus, refuse,
reject.

absorbeo, 2, -bui, -ptus, swal-
low, devour.

abstinentia, -ae, f. abstinence.

abstineo, 2, -ul, -tentus, keep
from, abstain.

abstraho, 3, -xl, -ctus, drag
away, withdraw.

absum, -esse, afui, afuturus, be
away, be absent, be distant ;
baud inultura (or minimum)
abesse quin, come very near.

absumo, 3, -mpsl, -mptus, take
away, carry off, consume.

Absyrtus, -I, m. Absyrtus, broth-
er of Medea.

Abulus, -I, m. Abulus.

abundo, 1, abound, overflow.

ac, conj. and ; with aliter, than ;
simul ac, as soon as.

Acastus, -1, m. Acastus, son of
Pelias, king of Colchi.

accedd, 3, -cessl, -cessurus, ap-
proach, draw near.

accendo, 3, -di, -ensus, set on
fire, light, inflame.

accido, 3, -cidi, — , (cado),/aM

to ; befall, happen, come to

pass.
accipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, receive ;

welcome, suffer, sustain.
accipiter, -tris, m. falcon, hawk.
accumbo, 3, -bui, -bitum, lay

one's self down, recline at

table.
accurate, adv. exactly, precisely,

particularly.
accuratus, -a, -um, adj. exact,

precise.

accuse, 1, accuse, charge.
acer, -oris, -ere, adj. sharp, keen,

bitter, fiery.

acerbus, -a, -um, adj. bitter, un-
ripe.

acervus, -1, m. heap, pile.
acriter, adv. sharply, eagerly,

fiercely.

acuo, 3, -ul, -utus, sharpen.
acus, -us, f. needle.
acutus, -a, -um, adj. sharp, in-
telligent.
ad, prep, to, at, for, toward,

near, up to, until.
adamo, 1, love greatly, fall in

love with.
addo, 3, -didl, -ditus, add,

join.
addiicd, 3, -xl, -uctus, bring to,

lead, prompt, conduct, induce.
adeo, -Ire, -il or -Ivl, -itus, go to,

approach.
adfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, bear

to ; bear, bring, give, bring

upon, cause to.

146

VOCABULARY.

adficid, 3, -feel, -fectus, affect,
influence, afflict, oppress.

adfigo, 3, -xl, -xus, fasten, at-
tach, nail to.

adflicto, 1, vex, torment, toss.

adfligo, 3, -xi, -ctus, dash
against, destroy, shatter.

adhaereo, 2, -haesi, -haesus,
stick, cling to.

adhibeo, 2, -ui, -itus, apply to,
use, employ.

adhuc, adv. hitherto, still, till
then.

adiaceo, 2, -ui, — , adjoin.

adicio, 3, -ieci, 4ectus, throw
to, throw, cast.

adimo, 3,-emi,-ernptus, take to
one's self; take away, deprive.

adiungo, 3, -unxl, -unctus, join
to, attach.

adiutor, -oris, m. helper.

adlicio, 3, -lexl, -lectus, entice,
allure, win over.

adligo, 1, bind, fasten.

adloquor, 3, -locutus, address,
exhort.

Admetus, -1, m. Admetus.

admitto, 3, -misl, -missus, ad-
mit, commit.

admoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn,
advise.

admoveo, 2, -movl,-motus, bring
up, apply, offer.

adorior, 4, -ortus, rise against,
attack.

adripio, 3, -ripul, -reptus, snatch,
grasp, seize.

adscribo. See ascribe.

adsentator, -oris, m. flatterer,
fawner.

adsiduus, -a, -um, adj. contin-
ual, unceasing, constant.

adsum, -esse, -ful, be present,
come.

adulescens, -entis, adj. growing;
as noun, m. youth, young man.

adulescentia, -ae, f . youth.

adultus, -a, -um, part, grown up.

aduro, 3, -ussi, -ustus, scorch,
singe, burn.

adveho, 3, -vex!, -vectus, carry,
convey; pass. ride.

ad vena, -ae, m. and f. stranger.

advenio, 4, -vein, -ventus, ar-
rive at, come to.

adventus, -us, m. arrival, ap-
proach.

adversarius, -I, m. adversary,
opponent.

ad versus, -a, -um, adj. contrary,
adverse, against.

adversus, prep, towards, against.

advoco, 1, summon, invite, call.

aedes, -ium, f. pi. house, dwell-
ing, palace.

aedificium, -i, n. building, house.

aedifico, 1, build, erect, con-
struct.

Aeetes, -ae, m. a mythical king
of Colchis.

aeger, -gra, -grum, adj. sick, ill.

aegre, adv. badly; aegre ferre,
to be annoyed, be angry.

Aegyptus, -1, f. Egypt.

aeneiis, -a, -um, adj. of copper,
bronze.

Aeolia, -ae, f. an island near
Sicily.

Aeolus, -I, m. king of the winds.

aequo, 1, equal, rival.

aequus, -qua, -quum, adj. equal,
even, level, fair.

aer, aeris, m. air, sky.

aeratus, -a, -um, adj. brazen,
bronze.

aerius, -a, -um, adj. aerial, lofty,
high.

Aeson, -onis, m. Aeson.

aestas, -atis, f. summer.

aestimo, 1, think, judge, value.

aestus, -us, m. tide.

aetas, -atis, f. age, years. '

aeternus, -a, -um, adj. of an age;
in aeternum, forever.

VOCABULARY.

147

Aetna, -ae, f. Mount Aetna in

_ Sicily.

Afer, -fra, -frum, adj. African.

Africa, -ae, f. Africa.

age, come. See ago.

ager, -grl, m. field, plain, land,
country.

aggredior, 3, -gressus, go to,
fall upon, assail, attack.

agito, 1, drive, toss, rouse.

agmen, -inis, n. army, troop,
line of march.

agnosco, 3, -novi, -nitus, recog-
nize, make out, become ac-
quainted with.

agnus, -i, m. lamb.

ago, 3, egi, actus, do, keep, con-
duct; act, drive, perform, treat
about; gratias ago, I thank;
imp. age as interj. come.

agricola, -ae, m. farmer.

ala, -ae, f. wing.

alacer, -cris, -ere, adj. brisk,
active, quick.

Albertus, -I, m. Albert.

albus, -a, -um, adj. white.

alea, -ae, f. dice.

ales, -itis, adj. winged; as noun,
m. and f . bird.

aliquando, adv. now and then,
sometimes, once upon a time,
once.

aliquantum, -I, n. some, a little,
w. partit. gen.

aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. pron.
adj. any, some.

aliquis, -qua, -quid, pron. indef.
somebody, any one.

aliquot, adj., indecl. several,
some, a few.

aliter, adv. otherwise; aliter ac,
otherwise than, in a different
way from.

alms, -a, -ud, adj. other, another,
different, besides; aliae alias
in partes, some in one direc-
tion, others in another.

almus, -a, -uin, adj. pleasant.

alo, 3, aim, altus, nourish,
maintain, keep up.

alter, -tera, -terum, adj. one of
two, the other, the second.

altum, -I, n. the sea.

altus, -a, -um, adj. high, deep.

Aluredus, -1, m. Alfred.

alveus, -1, m. river-bed.

ambiguus, -a, -um, adj. doubt-
ful ; in ambiguo, wrapped in
mystery.

ambo, -ae, -o, pron. both.

ambulo, 1, walk about, walk.

amentia, -ae, f. madness.

amicus, -1, m. friend.

amitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send
off; let slip, lose.

amnis, -is, m. river.

amo, 1, love, like.

amor, -oris, m. love, charity.

amoved, 2, -movi, -motus, re-
move, withdraw, take away.

amphora, -ae, f. jar.

amplector, 3, -exus, embrace,
caress.

amplexus, -us, m. embrace.

anas, -atis, f. duck.

anaticula, -ae, f. duckling.

ancilla, -ae, f. maidservant.

ancora, -ae, f. anchor.

anguis, -is, m. and f. snake.

angustus, -a, -um, adj. nar-
row.

animadverts, 3, -ti, -sus, direct
the mind; observe, notice, per-
ceive.

animal, -alis, n. animal, crea-
ture.

animosus, -a, -um, adj. full of
courage, bold.

animus, -i, m. mind, heart,
spirit, courage.

annus, -I, m. year.

anser, -eris, m. goose.

ante, prep, before.

antea, adv. before.

148

VOCABULARY.

antecello, 3, — , — , excel, sur-
pass, be superior to.

antequam, conj. before that,
before.

antiquus, -a, -um, adj. old, an-
cient.

antrum, -I, n. cave.

anus, -us, f. old woman.

anxietas, -atis, f. solicitude,
anxiety.

anxius, -a, -um, adj. choked;
troubled, solicitous, anxious.

aper, -prl, m. wild boar.

aperio, 4, -erul, -ertus, uncover,
open, show.

apertus, -a, -um, part. open.

Apicius, -I, m. Apicius.

Apollo, -inis, m. Apollo.

appareo, 2, -m, -iturus, appear,
show one's self.

appello, 1, call, name, address.

appello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, dash
against, come to land, put in,
land (w. navem).

appeto, 3, -ivi, -il, -Itus, seek
for; intr. be at hand, draw
near, approach.

applico, 1, -avl or -ui, -atus,
fasten, join, attach.

appono, 3, -posui, -positus, put
on the table, set before, serve
to.

apporto, 1, carry, bring to, bring
along.

appropmquo, 1, draw near,
approach.

aptd, I, fit, adjust.

aptus, -a, -um, &dj. fitted, suit-
able, ready.

apud, prep. w. ace. at, near, in
the presence of, among.

aqua, -ae, f. water; aquae,
mineral springs.

aquila, -ae, f. eagle.

aratrum, -1, n. plough.

arbitrium, -1, n. judgment, de-
cision.

arbitror, 1, believe, consider,

think.

arbor, -oris, f . tree.
area, -ae, f. chest, strong-box.
arceo, 2, -cui, — , keep off, hinder.
arcesso, 3, -ivi, -Itus, send for,

summon, call.
arcus, -us, m. bow.
ardeo, 2, -rsi, -rsus, be on fire,

burn, blaze.

ardor, -oris, in. fire, heat.
arduus, -a, -um, adj. steep,

difficult.

arena, -ae, f. sand, arena.
argenteus, -a, -um, adj. silver.
argentum, -I, n. silver.
Argo, -us, f. the Argo (Jason's

ship).

Argonautae, -arum, m. Argo-
nauts (the Argo's crew).
Argus, -i, m. builder of the Argo.
aries, -etis, m. ram.
arista, -ae, f . ear of corn.
arma, -orum, n. arms, weapons,

armor.
anno, 1, furnish with arms;

arm, equip, rouse to arms;

armatus as adj. armed.
armentum, -i, n. herd.
aro, 1, plough, till.
Arpi, -orum, m. the town of

Arpi.

ars, artis, f. art, skill, cunning.
arte, adv. closely, fast, firmly.
artus, -a, -um, adj. close, fast,

tight.

arvum, -I, n. field, land.
arx, -cis, f. citadel, stronghold.
as, assis, m. a copper coin, a

pound in weight.
ascendo, 3, -ndl, -ensus, climb

up, mount.
ascisco, 3, -ivi, -Itus, adopt,

admit.
ascribo, 3, -psi, -ptus, write in

addition; enroll, add, join,

include.

VOCABULARY.

149

asinus, -I, m. donkey, ass.
asper, -pera, -perum, adj. rough,

dangerous.
aspicio, 3, -exl, -ectus, look on,

behold, espy, see.
asto, 1, -iti, — , stand at, take

position near.
astrologus, -1, m. astrologer,

star-gazer.
at, conj. but.

Athenae, -arum, f. Athens, in
. Attica.

Atheniensis, -e, adj. Athenian.
atque or ac, conj. and also, and,

as, than; simul, as soon as.
atrium, -I, n. hall, chief room.
atrox, -ocis, adj. fierce, terrible,

cruel.
attineo, 2, -ul, — ; attinet, im-

pers. it matters, concerns.
attingd, 3, -tigi, -tactus, touch,

reach, arrive at.
attonitus, -a, -um, adj, thunder-
struck, astonished.
attrecto, 1, touch, handle.
attuli. See adfero.
auctor, -oris, m. author, cause.
auctoritas, -atis. f. authority,

influence, power. '
audacia, -ae, f . boldness, daring,

insolence.
audax, -acis, adj. bold, daring,

rash.
audeo, 2, ausus, semi-dep. dare,

venture.

audio, 4, hear, listen to.
aufero, -ferre, abstuli, ablatus,

bear or take away, snatch

away, remove.
aufugio, 3, -fugl, — , flee away,

flee, run.

Augustus, -I, m. Augustus.
aura, -ae, f. air.
auratus, -a, -um, adj. gilt, gilded.
aureus, -a, -um, adj. of gold,

golden.
auris, -is, f. ear.

aurum, -I, n. gold.

australis, -e, adj. southern.

aut, conj. or, either.

autem, conj. but, moreover, how-
ever.

auxilior, 1, give help, aid, assist.

auxilium, -1, n. help, aid, assist-
ance.

avarus, -a, -um, adj. covetous,

avello, 3, -velll or-vulsl, -vulsus,

pluck away, pull off.
aversor, 1, turn away, shrink

from, avoid.
averto, 3, -tl, -sus, turn aside

or away, withdraw.
avide, adv. greedily.
avidus, -a, -um, adj. greedy,

longing.

avis, -is, f. bird.
avius, -a, -um, adj. pathless.
avus, -I, m. grandfather.

Bacchus, -I, Bacchus (god of
wine).

baculum, -1, n. stick, staff,
cane.

Baiae, -arum, f. Baiae.

Balbus, -1, m. Balbus.

barba, -ae, f. beard.

barbarus, -a, -um, adj. barba-
rous, foreign; as noun, in.
stranger, foreigner.

beatus, -a, -um, adj. happy,
fortunate.

bellum, -I, n. war, contest.

bene, adv. well.

beneficium, -I, n. kindness, bene-
fit, service.

benevolentia, -ae, f. goodwill,
friendship, favor.

bemgne, adv. kindly, with
friendship.

benignitas, -atis, f. friendliness,
kindness, courtesy.

150

VOCABULARY.

bemgnus, -a, -um, adj. kind-
hearted, kindly, good.

bestia, -ae, f. beast, animal.

bibo, 3, bibi, — , drink.

bmi, -ae, -a, adj. two at a time,
two.

Boeotus, -a, -um, adj. Boeotian.

bonus, -a, -um, adj. good.

bos, bovis, m. and f. ox or cow.

bracchium, -T, n. arm.

brevi, adv. in a short time.

brevis, -e, adj. short, small.

Britannicus,-a,-um, ^.British.

Britannus, -I, in. Briton.

Brutusv -1, m. Brutus.

C.

cadaver, -eris, n. corpse.
cado, 3, cecidi, casus, fall.
cadus, -I, m. cask.
caecus, -a, -um, adj. blind.
caedes, -is, f . murder, bloodshed.
caedo, 3, cecidi, caesus, cut,

beat, kill.

caelum, -I, n. sky, heavens.
Cams, -1, m. Cains.
Calais, only nom. an Argonaut,

son of the North wind.
calamitas, -atis, f. loss, injury,

disaster, misfortune.
calathus, -1, m. basket.
calcar, -aris, n. spur.
calceus, -1, m. shoe.
Calebus, -1, m. Caleb.
calefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, make

warm ; heat, make hot.
caligd, -inis, f. mist, darkness.
callide, adv. cunningly, shrewd-
ly.
callidus, -a, -um, adj. cunning,

clever, crafty, shrewd.
Cambricus, -I, m. Cambricus.
candidus, -a, -um, adj. white,
cams, -is, m. and f. dog.
cano, 3, cecinl, cantus, sing,

play.

canorus, -a, -um, adj. musical,

melodius.

canto, 1, sing, play. '
cantus, -us, m. singing, song.
Canutius, -1, m. Canute.
caper, -prl, m. he-goat.
capillus, -i, m. hair.
capio, 3, cepl, captus, take, seize,

capture, get, receive.
captivus, -!, m. one captured;

captive, prisoner.
capto, 1, catch, catch at.
Capua, -ae, f. Capua.
caput, -pitis, n. head; damnare

capitis, to condemn to death.
career, -eris, m. prison, jail;

plur. starting-place, barrier.
cared, 2, -ui, -iturus, be in want

of, be without.
carmen, -inis, n. song, charm,

incantation.
card, carnis, f. flesh.
Carolus, -J, m. Charles.
carpo, 3, -psi, -ptus, pick, pluck,

gather, enjoy.
carus, -a, -um, adj. dear.
casa, -ae, f. hut, cottage.
caseus, -I, m. cheese.
castanea, -ae, f. chestnut-tree,

chestnut.
Castor, -oris, m. son of Tyndarus

and Leda, and twin-brother of

Pollux.

castra, -orum. n. camp.
casu, adv. by chance.
casus, -us, m. chance, happen-

ing, emergency, mischance,

disaster.

catena, -ae, f. chain, fetter.
caterva, -ae, f. crowd, band of

men, throng.
Cato, -onis, m. Cato.
cauda, -ae, f. tail.
causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, mo-
tive, case; abl. as adv., w. gen.

for the sake of, on account of.
caute, adv. carefully.

VOCABULARY.

151

caveo, 2, cavl, cautus, beware

of, guard against.
cedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go, with-
draw, yield.

celebro, 1, frequent, celebrate.
celer, -eris, -ere, adj. swift,

speedy, prompt.
celeritas, -atis, f. swiftness,

speed.
celeriter, adv. quickly, in haste,

promptly.

celerrime, superl. of celeriter.
celo, 1, conceal, hide, keep secret.
cena, -ae, f . principal meal, din-
ner, supper.

cenaculum, -I, n. dining-room.
Cennetus, -i, m. Kenneth.
ceno, 1, sup, dine, take, dinner.
censeo, '2, -ul, -nsus, be of the

opinion, think, decide.
Centaurus, -i, m. Centaur (a

fabulous creature, half man,

half horse).
Ceres, -eris, f. Ceres (goddess of

agriculture).
certamen, -minis, n. struggle,

battle.

certe, adv. certainly, surely.
certiorem facio, inform (make

more certain).
certo, 1, strive, contend.
certus, -a, -um, adj. certain,

definite, fixed, sure.
cervix, -Icis, f. neck.
cervus, -I, m. stag.
cesso, 1, cease from, be inactive,

stop, slacken.
ceteri, -ae, -a, adj. the others,

the rest.

chorus, -1, m.dance, crowd, band.
cibus, -I, m. food.
Cimbri, -orum, m. the Cimbri

(a people of North Germany),
cingo, 3, -xl, -nctus, surround,

encircle.
Circaeus, -a, -um, adj. of Circe,

Circe"1 s.

Circe, -ae or -es, f. an enchant-
ress, daughter of the sun.

circiter, adv. about, not far
from.

circum, adv. and prep, around,
about.

circumdd, -dare, -dedl, -datus,
set round, surround, encircle.

circumsto, 1, -stetl, — , stand
round, surround.

citharoedus, -I, m. harpist, min-
strel.

civis. -is, m. and f. citizen.

clades, -is, f. slaughter, destruc-
tion, defeat.

clam, adv. secretly; as prep. w.
abl. unknown to.

clamito, 1 , cry aloud, shout.

clamo, 1, shout, cry out.

clamor, -oris, m. shout, cry,
shriek.

clangor, -oris, m. noise, sound,
clang.

clarus, -a, -um, adj. clear, bright,
famous, distinguished.

claudo, 3, -si, -sus, shut, close.

claudus, -a, -um, adj. lame.

claustra, -orum, n. barrier, dike.

dementia, -ae, f. kindness,
mercy.

cliens, -entis, m. and f. depend-
ent, patient.

Clodius, -i, m. Clodius.

Cloelia, -ae, f. Cloelia.

(coepio), 3, coepl, coeptus, be-
gin, commence.

coerceo, 2, -ul, -itus, keep back,
check, restrain.

coetus, -us, m. assemblage, gath-
ering, company.

cogito, 1, consider, ponder,
weigh, reflect upon.

cognosco, 3, -gnovl, -gnitus,
find out, recognize, learn, as-
certain; pf. know.

cogo, 3, coegl, coactus, gather,
compel, urge, force.

152

VOCABULARY.

cohibeo, 2, -m, -itus, hold fast,
check, hinder, stay.

cohortor, 1, encourage.

Colchi, -orum, m. inhabitants
of Colchis, Colchians.

Colchis, -idis, f. the district east .
of the Black Sea.

collum, -I, n. neck.

colo, 3, -ui, cultus, cultivate,
dwell in, inhabit.

colonus, -i, m. farmer.

color, -oris, m. color, hue.

columba, -ae, f. pigeon, dove.

coma, -ae, f. hair, leaf.

comes, -itis,v m. and f . compan-
ion, comrade, attendant.

comitas, -atis, f . courtesy, kind-
ness.

commeatus, -us, m. provisions,
supplies.

commemoro, 1, relate, recount,
tell.

committo, 3, -misi, -missus, in-
trust, begin, commit, deliver.

commoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, remind,
impress upon.

commoror, 1, delay, linger,
wait.

commoveo, 2, -movl, -motus,
move violently, alarm, pro-
voke, induce, lead.

communico, 1, share, impart.

comparS, 1, make ready, pre-
pare, provide, plot.

complector, 3, -plexus, fold to-
gether; embrace, enfold.

compleo, 2, -evi, -etus,fill.

complures, -a or-ia, adj. several,
many, a number.

comporto, 1, bring together, col-
lect, gather.

conatus, -us, m. attempt, under-
taking, enterprise.

concede, 3, -cessl, -cessus, yield,
grant, give up, resign.

concha, -ae, f. shell.

conchylium, -I, n. oyster.

concipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, take
up, conceive, devise.

concordia, -ae, f. harmony, con-
cord, agreement.

concors, -cordis, adj. united,
harmonious.

concurro, 3, -curri or -cucurrl,
-cursus, run together, assem-
ble, fight.

condicio, -onis, f. condition,
terms.

condo, 3, -did!, -ditus, found,
store up, lay away.

condono, 1, devote, consecrate.

conecto, 3, — , -nexus, bind to-
gether; join, tie.

confero, -ferre, -tull, -latus,
bring together; gather, collect,
bestow, confer; w. se, betake
one's self, go.

conficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, wear
out, overcome, exhaust ; ac-
complish, do.

confirmo, 1, strengthen, rein-
force, steady ; affirm, assert.

confligo, 3, -flixl, -flictus, strike,
dash together, contend, fight.

conicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw,
hurl, cast.

conhmgo, 3, -unxl, -unctus, join,
unite, connect.

coniunx, -iugis, m. and f. hus-
band or wife.

conligo, 3, -egl, -ectus, pick up,
collect ; gather together.

conloco, 1, establish, put, place.

conloquor, 3, -locutus, converse,
hold a conference, confer,
parley.

conor, 1, attempt, try, seek.

conscendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, climb
up, mount, embark.

consensus, -us, m. agreement,
consent.

consequor, 3, -cutus, follow up,
overtake; follow, succeed.

considero, 1, inspect, examine.

VOCABULARY.

153

cSnsidS, 3, -se"dl, -sessus, sit
down, station one's self.

consilium, -I, n. plan, device,
advice, scheme, wisdom, will.

consists, 3, -stitl, -stilus, stand
still, halt, stop.

consoler, 1, comfort, cheer.

conspectus, -us, m. sight, view.

cSnspiciS, 3, -spexl, -spectus,
see, espy, perceive.

constans, -antis, adj. firm, stead-
fast, faithful, true.

cSnstanter, adv.firmly, steadily,
resolutely.

c5nstantia, -ae, f. firmness, per-
severance, faithfulness.

cSnstituo, 3, -ul, -utus, establish,
determine, fix, decide, resolve.

constS, 1, -stiti, -staturus, con-
sist of; constat, it is agreed
or known.

constringo, 3, -nxi, -ctus, draw
together, fasten, tie up.

consuescS, 3, -suevi, -suetus,
accustom ; usu. pf . system, be
accustomed, be wont.

consuetude, -inis, f. custom,
habit.

consul, -is, m. consul, chief
magistrate.

consulo, 3, -ul, -Itus, consider;
consult, inquire of, seek coun-
sel.

cSnsumS, 3, -psi, -ptus, eat,
destroy, spend, pass.

contemplor, 1, observe, con-
sider, think over.

contends, 3, -dl, -tus, hasten,
struggle, strive.

contentus, -a, -um, adj. satis-
fied, pleased.

contexo, 3, -ul, -xtus, weave,
make.

contineS, 2, -ul, -tentus, hold,
keep back, bound, surround.

continuo, adv. without inter-
ruption.

continuus, -a, -um, adj. succes-
sive, in succession.

contra, prep. w. ace. against.

controversia, -ae, f. dispute,
quarrel, contention.

contus, -I, m. pole.

conveniS, 4, -venl, -ventus, come
together, assemble, agree, ac-
cord ; impers. it is agreed, etc.

convenit, impers, it is agreed.

converts, 3, -vertl, -versus, turn
towards, turn round, change,
transform.

convincS, 3, -vici, -victus, over-
come, completely conquer.

conviva, -ae, m. and f. guest.

convivium, -I, n. feast, banquet.

convocS, 1, call together, assem-
ble, summon.

cooripr, 4, coortus, rise up,
arise, appear.

cSpia, -ae, f. sing, plenty, abun-
dance, supply ; plur. forces,
troops.

cSpiosus, -a, -um, adj. abundant,
plentiful.

coquS, 3, coxi, coctus, cook, bake.

cor, cordis, n. heart.

cSram, adv. and prep, openly,
in presence of.

Corinthius, -a, -um, adj. of
Corinth, Corinthian.

Corinthus, -I, f. Corinth.

corium, -I, n. skin, hide, leather.

corniger, -gera, -gerum, adj.
horned.

cornii, -us, n. horn.

corona, -ae, f. crown.

corpus, -oris, n. body, form.

corripiS, 3, -ul, -reptus [rapio],
seize, snatch up, grasp.

corvus, -I, ra. raven.

cothurnus, -I, m. top-boot, shoe.

cottidianus, -a, -um, adj. of
every day, daily.

cottidie, adv. daily, every day.

eras, adv. tomorrow.

154

VOCABULARY.

cratera, -ae, f . mixing bowl, bowl.

creber, -bra, -brum, adj. fre-
quent, numerous.

credibilis, -e, adj. trustworthy.

credo, 3, -didi, -ditus, believe,
suppose, trust, entrust.

creo, 1, create, make.

Creon, -ontis, m. a king of
Corinth.

crepitus, -us, m. rustling, pat-
tering.

cresco, 3, crevi, cretus, increase,
grow.

creta, -ae, f. chalk.

crimen, -inis, n. charge, crime,
fault, offence.

cruciatus, -us, in. torture, tor-
ment.

crudelis, -e, adj. cruel, fierce,
pitiless.

crudelitas, -atis, f. harshness,
severity, cruelty.

cruentus, -a, -um, adj. bloody,
stained.

cruor, -oris, m. gore, blood.

crus, cruris, n. leg.

cubile, -is, n. bed, couch.

cubo, 1, cubul, cubitum, lie down.

oilmen, -inis, n. top, roof.

culpa, -ae, f. fault.

culpo, 1, blame.

culter, -trl, m. knife, razor.

cultus, -us, m. cultivation, care,
culture.

cum, prep, with, together with.

cum, conj. when, since, while,
after; cum . . . turn, both . . .
and.

Cumae, -arum, f. Cumae.

cunae, -arum, f. cradle.

cunctus, -a, -um, adj. all, in a
body, the whole.

cupide, adv. eagerly, greedily.

cupiditas, -atis, f. longing, de-
sire, ambition, eagerness.

cupido, -dinis, f. desire, wish,
longing.

cupidus, -a, -um, adj. eager,

desirous, anxious.
cupio, 3, -ivl or -il, -Itus, desire,

wish, long for.
cur, adv. why?

cura, -ae, f. care, trouble, worry.
euro, 1, care, take care.
curro, 3, cucurri, cursus, run,

rush, hasten.
currus, -us, m. chariot.
cursito, 1, run about.
cursus, -us, m. running, race,

course.
curvus, -a, -um, adj. crooked,

winding.
custodio, 4, guard, watch over,

protect.
custos, -odis, m. and f. guard,

warder.

cutis, -is, f. skin.
Cyclops, -opis, m. (round eye),

Cyclops (one of the fabulous

giants off the coast of Sicily),
cygnus, -1, m. swan.
Cyme, -es, f. a city of Aetolia.
Cyprus, -I, f. an island in the

Eastern Mediterranean.
Cyzicus, -!, f. a city in Mysia.

D.

damno, 1, sentence, doom, con-
demn.

damnum, -I, n. hurt, harm,
damage, injure.

Dam, -orum, m. Danes.

dapes, -um, f. feast, banquet,food.

Darius, -li, m. Darius.

datus. See do.

d(j, prep./rom, about, concerning.

debeo, 2, -ul, -itus, owe, ought.

debitus, -a, -um, adj. owed;
due, appropriate, becoming.

decem, adj. indecl. ten.

decerto, 1, struggle, contend.

decet, 2, decuit, impers. it is
fitting.

VOCABULARY.

155

decide, 3, -cidi, — , fall down,

fall.

decimus, -a, -um, adj. tenth.
decipiS, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, deceive,

cheat, entrap.
decurrS, 3, -cucum or -currl,

-cursus, run or hasten down,

rush to the shore.
dedecus, -oris, n. disgrace.
deditio, -onis, f. surrender.
dedS, 3, -didi, -ditus, resign,

surrender, give up, yield.
deduce, 3, -xi, -uctus, escort,

bring, draw out, carry down,

launch.

defamS, 1, soil, sully.
defends, 3, -dl, -ensus, defend,

protect, keep off.
defers, deferre, detull, delatus,

drive, force, carry; carry

down, report.

defessus,-a,-um, adj. tired,weary.
deficiS, 3, -feel, -fectus, be

wanting, fail, give out.
defluo, 3, -uxl, -xus, flow by.
defSrmis, -e, adj. ugly.
deformo, 1, make ugly, spoil.
degS, 3, degi, — , spend, pass.
dehisco, 3, — , — , yawn, gape.
Deiamra, -ae, f. Deianira.
deiciS, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw

down, dishearten; cast, drive,

force.

deinde, adv. then, next, after-
wards.
delabor, 3, -lapsus, glide down;

fall, descend.

delecto, 1, delight, charm, please.
deleo, 2, -evl, -etus, destroy,

overthrow.

deliciae, -arum, f. treat.
delictum, -!, n. fault, offence.
deligS, 3, -leg!, -Iectus, choose,

select.

deligS, 1, bind, tie.
Delphi, -orum, m. a Phocian

city, famous for its oracle.

demittS, 3, -misi, -missus, send

from; let down, let go, lose;

demissus, downcast, dejected.
demonstrS, 1, show, indicate,

prove.
Demosthenes, -is, m. He s-

thenes.

demum, adv. at length.
denarius, -1, m. a silver coin.
denique, adv. at last.
dens, dentis, m. tooth. .
densus, -a, -um, adj. thick.
depellS, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive

away, banish, remove, turn

aside, divert.

dependeo, 2, — , — , hang down.
depereS, -Ire, -ii, — , die, perish.
deplorS, 1, lament, bewail.
deponS, 3, -posui, -positus, lay

down, put aside.
deports, 1, carry down or off,

bring home.
deprehendS, 3, -dl, -ensus, seize

upon, detect, surprise.
derideS, 2,-rlsl, -rlsus, jeer, mock.
deripiS, 3, -ui, -reptus, tear

away, snatch.
descendo,3, -di, -ensus, descend,

dismount, disembark.
descensus, -us, m. descent.
deserS, 3, -rul, -rtus. desert,

abandon, forsake.
desertus, -a, -um, part, deserted,

desolate.
desiderium, -1, n. longing, wish,

desire.
desiliS, 4, -ilui, -ultus, jump

down, leap overboard.
desists, 3, -stitl, -stilus, leave

off, stop, give up.
desperp, 1, despair of, give up.
despiciS, 3, -exl, -ectus, look

down upon, disdain.
destringS, 3, -inxl, -ictus, draw,

unsheath.

desum, -esse, -fui, fail, be want-
ing.

156

VOCABULARY.

desuper, adv. from above, from
overhead.

deterreo, 2, -m, -itus, deter, pre-
vent, frighten.

detraho, 3, -axl, -ctus, draw or
throw off, remove.

detrecto, 1, decline, refuse.

deturbo, 1, upset, throw away,
drive away, dislodge.

deus, -1, m. god.

devius, -a, -urn, adj. out of the
way, retired.

devolve, 3, -vl, -utus, roll down.

devoro, 1, eat, devour, consume.

devoveo, 2, -vovl, -votus, devote,
offer, give up.

dextra, -ae, f. right hand.

Diana, -ae, f. Diana (goddess
of hunting).

died, 3, -xl, -ictus, say, tell,
appoint.

dies, -el, m. day.

difficilis, -e, adj. difficult, hard,
ill-tempered, perilous.

difficultas, -atis, f. difficulty,
trouble.

diffugio, 3, -fug!, — , flee in dif-
ferent directions, scatter.

digitus, -1, m. finger.

dignitas, -atis, f. dignity, rank.

dignus, -a, -um, adj. worthy,
suitable, proper.

dilacero, 1, tear in pieces, wound.

dilanio, 1, tear in pieces, strip
off.

diligens, -entis, adj. careful,
industrious.

diligenter, adv. carefully, scru-
pulously.

diligentia, -ae, f. industry, dili-
gence, care, application.

diligo, 3, -lex!, -l€ctus, single
out, love, esteem.

dilucesco, 3, -luxl, — , grow
light, dawn.

dimittd, 3, -misl, -missus, send
out, despatch, dismiss.

direptus, -a, -um, adj. torn asun-
der, separated.
dirigo, 3, -rexi, -rectus, direct,

guide.
diripio, 3, -ul, -eptus, tear

asunder, ravage.
dirus, -a, -um, adj. fearful,

dreadful, violent.
discedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, depart

from, leave, go ; separate,

open.
disciplina, -ae, f. discipline,

order, teaching.
discrimen, -inis, n. crisis, risk,

peril, danger.
disicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, disjoint,

separate, scatter, disperse.
dispono, 3, -posui, -positus,

arrange, set in order, post,

assign.

dispute, 1, argue, discuss.
dissideo, 2, -edi, — , disagree,

differ.

dissimilis, -e, adj. unlike, dif-
ferent.

diistans, -antis, adj. distant.
diu, adv. for a long time, long.
diutius, adv. longer, for some

time.
divello, 3, -velli, -vulsus, tear

up or apart, snatch away,

remove.

diversus, -a, -um, adj. different.
dives, dlvitis, adj. rich, wealthy.
divide, 3, -vlsl, -vlsus, divide,

separate.
divinitus, adv. miraculously, by

divine influence.
divinus, -a, -um, adj. divine.
divitiae, -arum, f . riches, wealth.
divolgo, 1, spread abroad, pub-
lish, reveal.
do, 1, dedl, datus, give, offer,

bestow, confer; propose; give

up, resign.
doceo, 2, -cul, -ctus, teach, show,

tell.

VOCABULARY.

157

doleo, 2, -ul, -iturus, grieve (/or),

feel sorry, lament.
dolor, -oris, m. grief, pain.
dolus, -I, m. deceit; trick, fraud,

cunning.
domesticus, -a, -urn, adj. of the

house, house-, personal.
domi, loc. of domus, at home.
domina, -ae, f. mistress.
dominus, -I, m. lord, master.
domd, 1, -ui, -itus, subdue, tame,

conquer.

domus, -us, f. house, home.
d5no, 1, give, present, bestow,

confer.

ddnum, -i, n. gift, present.
dormiS, 4, sleep, slumber.
draco, -onis, m. serpent, dragon.
dubito, 1, doubt, hesitate.
dubius, -a, -urn, adj. doubtful,

uncertain; sine dubio, witJi-

out doubt.

duco, 3, -xi, ductus, lead, con-
duct, draw, marry (a wife).
dulcedo, -inis, f. sweetness,

charm.
dulcis, -e, adj. sweet, agreeable,

pleasant, delightful.
dum, conj. while, as long as,

until.

duo, -ae, -o, adj. two.
duodecim, adj. indecl. twelve.
durus, -a, -uin, adj. hard, rough,

harsh, cruel.
dux, duels, m. leader, general.

E.

e, ex, prep. w. abl. out of,
from.

ebrius, -a, -um, adj. drunken, in-
toxicated.

ebur, -oris, n. ivory.

ecce, adv. see! behold!

echinus, -I, m. hedgehog.

edico, 3, -xi, -dictus, proclaim,
announce, make known.

edo, 3, 6dl, e"sus, eat, devour,
consume.

edo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give forth,
utter, raise, set up.

Edvardus, -i, m. Edward.

effervesco, 3, -ferbui, — , boil up,
boil over.

efficio, 3, -fed, -fectus, bring
about, effect, accomplish.

effodio, 3, -fodi, -fossus, dig up.

effugio,, 3, -fugi, — , flee away,
escape, avoid.

effundo, 3, -fudi, -fusus, upset,
scatter, pour forth, waste.

effuse, adv. in different direc-
tions.

egenus, -a, -um, adj. poor, needy.

ego, pron. I.

egredior, 3, -gressus, come out,
disembark, land.

egregie, adv. excellently, splen-
didly, very well.

egregius, -a, -um, adj. distin-
guished, excellent, noble.

eheu, adv. alas !

eicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, drive out,
banish.

elephantus, -1, m. elephant.

elido, 3, -si, -sus, shatter, crush,
destroy.

Elisabetha, -ae, f. Elizabeth
(queen of England).

eludo, 3, -si, -sus, avoid, cheat,
make sport of.

emergo, 3, -si, -sus, come forth,
emerge.

emineo, 2, -ui, — , stand out,
project, show one's self.

emitto, 3, -misi, -missus, let go,
send out.

emo, 3, emi, emptus, buy.

en, adv. see! behold!

enim, conj. for, in fact, you see.

ed, ire, ii or ivi, iturus, go.

eo, adv. thither.

Ephesius, -a,-nm, a,d].Ephesian.

epistula, -ae, f. letter,

158

VOCABULARY.

epulae, -arum, i. feast, banquet,

dinner.

equa, -ae, f. mare.
eques, -itis, m. knight, horseman.
equidem, adv. indeed, certainly,

yes.
equmus, -a, -um, adj. of horses,

horse-.

equitatus, -us, m. cavalry.
equito, 1, ride.
equus, -i, m. horse, steed.
erectus, -a, -um, adj. set up,

upright, erect.
erga, prep, towards.
ergo, adv. therefore, accordingly.
Eridanus, -i, m. Eridanus or

Po River.
eripio, 3, -ipul, -eptus, snatch

away, save, rescue.
erro, 1, wander, mistake, be

wrong.

error, -oris, m. fault, mistake.
erump5, 3, -rupi, -ruptus, break

out, burst forth, rush out.
esurio, 4, — , -iturus, be hungry,

suffer hunger.
et, conj. and ; et . . . et, both

. . . and.
etiam, conj. also, even, besides,

too.

etsi, conj. although.
Eurylochus, -i, m. one of Ulys-
ses"1 men.
evado, 3, -si, -sus, turn out,

get away, escape.
evanesco, 3, -nui, — , vanish or

fade away, disappear.
evello, 3, -veil!, -vulsus, pull or

pluck out.

evenio, 4, -vem, -ventus, hap-
pen, occur, result, succeed.
eventus, -us, m. occurrence, re-
sult, end.
evolo, I, fly out or away, rush

forth.
ex or e, prep. -w. abl. from,

away from, out of, of.

exanimis, -e, adj. lifeless, dead.

exanimo, 1, tire, weaken, ex-
haust.

exanimus, -a, -um, adj. lifeless,
dead.

exardesco, 3, -arsi, -arsus, be
inflamed, be provoked, rage.

excedo, 3, -cessl, -cessus, depart,
withdraw; e vita,, die, perish.

excipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, catch,
come next to, interrupt; re-
ceive, welcome.

excito, 1, arouse, rouse, wake.

exclamo, 1, cry out, shout, ex-
claim.

excludo, 3, -si, -sus, shut out,
hinder, prevent; (of eggs)
hatch.

excogito, 1, think, contrive, de-
vise.

excubiae, -arum, f. watch.

exemplum, -I, n. example.

exeo, -ire, -il, -itus, go out, go
away, depart.

exerceo, 2, -ul, -itus, vex, exer-
cise, try, test.

exercitus, -us, m. army, force.

exhaurio, 4, -hausi, -haustus,
empty, drink up.

exiguus, -a, -um, adj. small,
scanty, mean.

eximo, 3, -emi, -emptus, take
out, take away, remove.

existimd, 1, think, judge, con-
sider.

exitium, -i, n. destruction, ruin.

expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive
out, banish, expel.

experrectus, -a, -um, adj. awak-
ened, awake.

expers, -pertis, adj. without,
. free from.

explico, 1, -avl or -ui, -atus or
-itus, unfold, explain, set
forth.

exp!5r5, 1, examine, explore,
spy out.

VOCABULARY.

159

expono, 3, -posui, -positus, set

forth ; in terram, land, put

ashore.
exprimo, 3, -press!, -pressus,

squeeze, squeeze out, extract.
exquiro, 3, -slvl, -situs, search

for, seek out, hunt for.
exsilio, 4, -ul, — , jump forth,

dart out.
exsilium, -I, n. place of exile,

exile, banishment.
exsolvo, 3, -solvl, -solutus, pay.
exspecto, 1, expect, wait for,

wait.
exspiro, 1, breathe one's last,

die.
exsul, -ulis, m. and f. wanderer,

exile.
exsupero, 1, overcome, be too

much for.
extemplo, adv. immediately, at

once.
extra, adv. and prep. w. ace.

outside of, without.
extraho, 3, -axl, -ctus, drag out,

pull out, remove.
extremus, -a, -um, adj. superl.

outermost ; at the end of.
extrudo, 3, -si, -sus, thrust out,

drive away.
exuo, 3, -til, -utus, take off, put

off, remove,

F.

faber, -brl, m. artisan, carpen-
ter, smith.

fabula, -ae, f. story, tale.

facile, adv. easily, readily.

facilis, -e, adj. easy.

facinus, -inoris, n. crime.

facio, 3, feel, factns, make, dor
form, cause, find ; facere
naufragium, be shipwrecked.

factum, -1, n. act, action, deed.

facultas, -atis, f, chance, oppor-
tunity.

fallo, 3, fefelli, falsus, deceive,
elude, cheat, fail, disappoint.

falsus, -a, -um, adj. deceived,
feigned, pretended, false.

fama, -ae, f. report, rumor.

fames, -is, f. hunger, famine.

farina, -ae, f. flour.

fastldium, -1, n. dislike, pride.

fatalis, -e, adj. fated, fateful,
dangerous, deadly.

fatum, -1, n. fate, lot, death.

fauces, -ium, f . throat, jaws.

faveo, 2, favl, fautus, favor.

fax, facis, f. torch.

fefelli. See fallo.

feles, -is, f. cat.

feliciter, adv. happily, fortu-
nately, favorably.

femina, -ae, f. woman.

fenestra, -ae, f. window.

fenum, -!, n. hay.

fera, -ae, f . wild beast, animal.

fere, adv. almost, nearly.

feriae, -arum, f. festival.

ferio, 4, strike, beat, thrust.

fero, ferre, tull, latus, bear,
carry, take, say, tell; aegre
or indigne, take it ill, be
vexed.

ferox, -ocis, adj. fierce, savage,

ferreus, -a, -um, adj. iron.

ferrum, -I, n. iron, sword,

fertilis, -e, adj. fertile.

ferus, -a, -um, adj. wild, savage.

fervidus, -a, -um, adj. burning,
fiery, hot.

fessus, -a, -um, adj. tired, weak,
exhausted.

festus, -a, -um, adj. festal, gay.

fibula, -ae, f. buckle, button.

fictus, -a, -um, adj. feigned,
false, pretended.

fidelis, -e, adj. trusty, faithful.

fides, -el, f. faith, promise, credit.

fido, 3, fisus, semi-dep. trust,
confide, rely upon.

Fido, -onis, m, Fido.

160

VOCABULARY.

fidus, -a, -urn, adj. faithful,
trusty.

Figulus, -I, m. Figulus.

figura, -ae, f . form, figure.

filia, -ae, f. daughter.

filius, -1, m. son.

fitnus, -i, in. dung, filth.

findo, 3, fidl, fissus, split, divide.

fingo, 3, finxi, fictus, form, in-
vent, fashion, build.

fund, 4, -ivl, -itus, finish, end,
decide.

finis, -is, m. end, land, boundary.

finitimus, -a, -um, adj. neigh-
boring, near.

fio, fieri, factus, be made or
done, become.

firmiter, adv. firmly.

f irmus, -a, -um, a&j.flrm, strong,
powerful.

fistula, -ae, f. pipe.

flagrans, -antis, adj. flaming,,
glowing, burning.

flamma, -ae, f . flame, fire.

flecto, 3, -exi, -xus, bend, bow,
turn.

Floras, -i, m. Florus.

flos, floris, m. flower, blossom.

fluctus, -us, m. wave, billow,
tide.

flumen, -inis, n. river, stream.

flu5, 3, -uxi, -xus, flow.

focus, -i, m. hearth.

fodio, 3, fodl, fossus, dig.

foedus, -a, -um, adj. filthy, hor-
rible, dreadful.

folium, -I, n. leaf.

fons, f ontis, m. spring, fountain.

foras, adv. out of doors, out.

fore, foret. See sum.

foris, -is, f. door; pi. folding
door, double doors, entrance.

foris, adv. out of doors, outside.

forma, -ae, f. form, figure,
beauty.

formica, -ae, f. ant.

formido, -inis, f. fear, dread.

formosus, -a, -um, adj. beauti-
ful, handsome.

forte, adv. by chance, as it hap-
pened.

fortis, -e, adj. strong, brave,
valiant.

fortitude, -inis, f. manliness,
bravery, courage.

fortuna, -ae, f. fortune, fate,
chance.

fortunatus, -a, -um, adj. fortu-
nate, lucky.

forum, -I, n. market-place,
forum.

fossa, -ae, f. ditch, trench.

foveo, 2, fovl, fotus, cherish,
warm, keep warm.

fragor, -oris, m. splash, noise,
crash, din.

frango, 3, fregi, fractus, break,
shatter.

f rater, -tris, m. brother.

f raus, fraudis, f. deceit, trickery,
crime.

Fredericus, -I, m. Frederick.

f remitus, -us, m. growling, noise.

freno, 1, curb, check, restrain.

frigidus, -a, -um, adj. cold,
chilled, freezing.

frons, frondis, f. leaf.

frons, frontis, f. forehead, brow.

fructus, -us, m. product, fruit.

frugalis, -e, adj. thrifty, frugal.

frumentor, 1, get corn, forage.

frumentum, -i, n. corn, grain.

frustra, adv. in vain, to no
purpose.

frustum, -I, n. bit, piece.

(frux), frugis, f. fruit, produce.

fuga, -ae, f . flight.

fugiens, -entis, adj. flying, flee-
ing.

fugio, 3, fugl, — , fly, flee, run
away.

fugitivus, -I, m. fugitive, run-
away slave.
, 1, put to flight.

VOCABULARY.

161

fulciS, 4, fulsl, fultus, prop up,
support

fulgens, -entis, adj. glittering.

fulgeo, 2, fulsl, — , glitter, flash,
shine.

fultus. See fulci5.

Fulvia, -ae, f. Fulvia.

Fulvius, -i, m. Fulvius.

funditor, -oris, m. slinger.

fundo, 3, fudi, fusus, pour, pro-
duce, rout.

fundus, -i, m. farm.

funebris, -e, adj. funereal.

fungor, 3, functus, perform.

funis, -is, m. rope, cord.

fur, furis, m. thief, robber.

furens, -entis, adj. furious,
maddened.

furiosus, -a, -run, adj. raging,
maddened.

furor, -oris, m. madness, frenzy.

furtim, adv. stealthily.

furtum, -I, n. theft.

fuscus, -a, -urn, adj. dark, dusky,
swarthy.

G.

galea, -ae, f. helmet.

Gallia, -ae, f. Gaul.

Gallicus, -a, -um, adj. Gallic.

gallma, -ae, f. hen.

Gallus, -i, m. a Gaul.

gallus, -i, m. cock.

garrulus, -a, -um, adj. chatter-
ing, talkative, prattling.

gaudeo, 2, gavisus, semi-dep.
rejoice, be glad or pleased.

gaudium, -I, n. joy, gladness,
delight.

Gelertus, -1, m. Gelert.

Gellius, -i, m. Gellius.

gelu, -us, n. frost.

gemitus, -us, m. groan, moan.

gemma, -ae, f. jewel.

genae, -arum, f. cheeks.

generosus, -a, -um, adj. well-
born, noble.

gens, gentis, f. race, people,
nation.

genus, generis, n. birth, race;
style, manner, kind.

Germania, -ae, f. Germany.

German!, -orum, m. Germans.

gero, 3, gessi, gestus, bear, wield,
carry, wear, do, accomplish,
wage; pass, take place.

gestus, -us, m. gesture.

gigas, -antis, m. giant.

gigno, 3, genui, genitus, pro-
duce, bring forth; pass, spring
up, arise.

gladius, -1, m. sword.

glans, -andis, f. acorn.

Glauce, -es or -ae, f. daughter
of Creon (king of Corinth).

glaucus, -a, -um, adj. gray.

Glaucus, -i, m. Glaucus.

gloria, -ae, f. renown, fame.

gloriosus, -a^-um, adj. boastful.

gracilis, -e, adj. slender, grace-
ful.

Graecia, -ae, f. Greece.

Graecus, -a, -um, adj. Grecian,
Greek ; plur. as noun, the
Greeks.

gramen, -inis, n. grass.

grandis, -e, adj. large, big.

grando, -inis, f. hail.

granum, -1, n. grain, seed.

gratia, -ae, f . sing, favor, esteem ;
plur. thanks, gratitude.

gratus, -a, -um, adj. pleasing,
thankful.

gravis, -e, adj. heavy, deep,
painful, important, severe,
dangerous.

graviter, adv. severely, d.anger-
ously, deeply, violently.

gravo, 1, oppress, burden, over-
come.

gremium, -i, n. bosom.

gressus, -us, m. step, course.

grex, gregis, m. flock.

guberno, 1, steer, pilot.

162

VOCABULARY.

gurges, -itis, m. whirlpool, abyss.
gusto, 1, taste, take a little of.
guttur, -uris, n. throat.
Gyges, -is, m. Gyges.

H.

habena, -ae, f. usu. pi. reins.

habeo, 2, -m, -itus, have, carry,
carry on, hold, esteem, con-
sider.

habito, 1, dwell, live in, inhabit.

haereo, 2, haesi, haesurus, stick,
be in difficulties, be held fast.

haesito, 1, hesitate.

Hamelma, -ae, f. Hamelin.

hamus, -1, m. hook.

harena (arena), -ae, f. sand.

Harpyiae, -aruin, f. Harpies
(loathsome birds with maid-
ens' faces).

haud, adv. not, not at all.

haudquaquam, adv. by no means,
not at all.

haurio, 4, hausl, haustus, drain,,
drink up, swallow.

haustus, -us, m. draught.

Henricus, -i, m. Henry.

herba, -ae, f. herb, plant.

hercle, inter], by Hercules, as-
suredly, indeed.

Hercules, -is, m. Hercules (god
of strength, son of Jupiter
and Alcmena).

heri, adv. yesterday.

hesternus, -a, -um, adj., w. dies,
yesterday, the day previous.

hiatus, -us, in. gaping, aperture,
cleft.

Hibernia, -ae, f. Ireland.

hie, haec, hoc, pron. this, he,
she, etc. ; hie, ille, the latter,
the former.

hie, adv. here, on this side.

hiems, -emis, f. winter, cold.

hinc, adv. hence; hinc illinc,
on this side and on that.

hirundo, -inis, f. swallow.

Hispania, -ae, f. Spain.

Hispanus, -a, -um, adj. Spanish;
as noun, m. pi. the Spaniards.

hodie, adv. to-day.

Homerus, -1, m. the Greek poet
Homer, supposed to have
lived about B.C. 900.

homo, -inis, m. man.

honestus, -a, -um, adj. honor-
able, virtuous.

honos or honor, -oris, m. honor,
office, duly.

hora, -ae, f. hour, time.

hordeum, -I, n. barley.

horrendus, -a, -um, adj. dreadful.

horreo, 2, -ui, — , bristle, shudder.

horreum, -1, n. barn.

horribilis, -e, adj. fearful, ter-
rible, dreadful.

horrisonus, -a, -um, adj. with
terrific sound, fearful.

horror, -oris, m. shivering, dread,
fear.

hortor, 1, cheer, exhort, urge,
bid.

hortus, -I, m. garden.

-hospes, -itis. m. and f. guest,
host, stranger.

hospitium, -I, n. hospitality,
entertainment, welcome.

hostis, -is, m. and f. enemy, foe.

Hubertus, -1, m. Hubert.

hue, adv. hither; hue illuc,
hither and thither, to and fro.

humanitas, -atis, f. politeness,
refinement.

humanus, -a, -um, adj. human,
marts.

humi, adv. on the ground.

humilis, -e, adj. lowly, humble.

humiliter, adv. humbly, abjectly.

humus, -I, f. ground.

hyaena, -ae, f. hycena.

hydra, -ae, f. hydra.

Hylas, -ae, m. one of the Argo-
nauts.

.163

iace5, 2, -ui, -itus, lie, lie dead,

be prostrate.
iacio, 3, iecl, iactus, throw, cast,

let fall

lacobus, -I, m. James.
iacto, 1, toss about, boast.
iaculum, -I, n. dart, javelin.
iam, adv. now, already, soon,

at length.
iamdudum, adv. for a long

while, long.
iamque. See iam.
ianua, -ae, f. door, house-door,

entrance.
lason, -onis, m. Jason (son of

ibi, adv. there.

ibidem, adv. in the same spot.

Iceni, -orum, m. Iceni (a people

of Britain).
ictus, -us, m. blow.
idem, eadem, idem, pron. the

same.
idoneus, -ea, -eum, ad], fit, suit-

able, proper.
ieiunus, -a, -um, adj. fasting,

hungry.
igitur, adv. therefore, conse-

quently.
Ignarus, -a, -um, adj. unac-

quainted with, unskilled in,

not knowing.
ignavus, -a, -um, adj. idle, lazy,

worthless.
ignis, -is, m. fire.
ignore, 1, be ignorant, not know.
ignotus, -a, -um, adj. unknown,

unfamiliar, strange.
Ilias, -ados, f . the Iliad (a Greek

epic poem).

ilico, adv. on the spot, instantly.
ille, -a, -ud, pron. that yonder,

he, she, it.

illic, adv. there, on that side.
illinc, adv. thence, on that side.

iliac, adv. thither.

imago, -inis, f. copy, likeness,

reflection, form.

imber, -bris, m. shower, storm.
imitor, 1, copy, counterfeit.
immanis, -e, adj. huge, vast,

monstrous.
immanitas, -atis, f. savageness,

cruelty, barbarism.
immemor, -oris, adj. forgetful,

regardless.

immensus, -a, -um, adj. bound-
less, vast, huge.
immineo, 2, — , — , hang over,

impend.
immitto, 3, -mlsi, -missus, let

in, drive in, admit.
impedio, 4, hinder, retard, delay.
impello, 3, -puli, -pulsus, move,

induce, impel, lead.
impendeo, 2, — , — , overhang,

threaten, be near.
impensa, -ae, f . outlay, expense,

cost.
imperator, -oris, m. commander,

leader, general.
imperatum, -I, n. command,

orders.
imperitus, -a, -um, adj. inex-

perienced,unskilled,awkward.
imperium, -1, n. power, authority.
impero, 1, command, bid, order,

impose.

impetro, 1, cbtain, procure, get.
impetus, -us, m. attack, onset,

charge, rush.

impie, adv. wickedly, impiously.
impiger, -gra, -grum, adj. active.
impius, -a, -um, adj. wicked,

impious, unnatural.
impleo, 2, -plevl, -pletus, fill

up, cover.
implico, 1, -a vi or -ui, -atus or

-itus, entangle, involve.
impono, 3, -posui,-positus,_pZace

upon, set over, impose; set

on board.

164

VOCABULARY.

improbus, -a, -um, adj. wicked,
naughty.

improvidus, -a, -um, adj. im-
prudent, heedless.

improvise, adv. suddenly, un-
expectedly ; de improvise,
unexpectedly.

imprudens, -entis, adj. not fore-
seeing, unintentional.

impudens, -entis, adj. shame-
less, impudent.

impudentia, -ae, f. shameless-
ness.

impune, adv. without punish-
ment, uninjured.

imus, -a, -um, adj. superl. low-
est; ima vallis, the bottom of
the valley.

in, prep. (1) w. ace. to, into, in,
against; (2) w. abl. in, on,
among.

incaute, adv. heedlessly.

incautus, -a, -um, adj. heedless,
off one's guard.

inced5, 3, -cessl, -cessus, ad-
vance, march, move.

incendium, -I, n. conflagration,
fire.

incendo, 3, -di, -ensus, set on
fire, kindle, light.

incertus, -a, -um, adj. uncer-
tain, doubtful.

incidp, 3, -cidi, — , fall into.

incipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, begin,
commence.

incito, 1, urge, rouse, incite,
drive; of the tide, w. se,
come in violently.

include, 3, -si, -sus, shut in,
confine, keep.

incola, -ae, m. and f . inhabitant,
citizen.

incolo, 3, -lui, — , dwell in, in-
habit.

incolumis, -e, adj. safe, sound.

incredibilis, -e, adj. incredible,
extraordinary.

increp5, 1, -ul, -itus, rebuke,
upbraid, reprove.

incultus, -a, -um, adj. unculti-
vated.

incursio, -onis, f. raid, inroad.

incuso, 1, accuse, charge.

incutio, 3, -cussl, -cussus, strike
against.

inde, adv. thence, thereupon.

indicium, -1, n. evidence, proof,
sign, token.

indico, 1, reveal, declare, make
known.

indlgnatio, -onis, f . displeasure,
anger.

indoctus, -a, -um, adj. untaught,
ignorant.

induce, 3, -xl, -ductus, lead or
bring into, conduct, lead, per-
suade.

indulgeo, 2, -si, -tus, indulge.

induo, 3, -ui, -utus,put on, dress
one's self in, wrap, clothe.

Indus, -a, -um, adj. Indian ;
as noun, m. pi. Indians.

industria, -ae, f. diligence, zeal;
de industria, on purpose.

ineo, -ire, -IvI or -il, -itus, enter,
devise, form.

ineptus, -a, -um, adj. senseless.

infandus, -a, -um, adj. not to be
spoken, unheard of, unnatu-
ral, awful.

infans, -antis, adj. not speaking;
as noun, m. and f . little child,
infant, babe.

infectus, -a, -um, adj. unaccom-
plished, undone.

infelix, -Icis, adj. unfortunate,
unlucky, ill-fated, unhappy.

inferior, comp. adj. lower.

infero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, bear
or bring upon, w. ace. and dat.

inferus, -a, -um, adj. under-
neath, lower.

mfesto, 1, haunt, infest, molest,
trouble*

VOCABULARY.

165

inficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, put in,
dig, plunge, soak,imbue, stain,
corrupt.

mfidelis, -e, adj. faithless, un-
true, treacherous.

infirmus, -a, -um, adj. feeble,
weak.

mformis, -e, adj. misshapen,
hideous, horrible.

mfundo, 3, -fudl, -fusus, pour
in, throw in.

ingemino, 1, redouble, repeat,
increase.

ingenium, -i, n. character, abili-
ties.

ingens, -entis, adj. huge, vast,
mighty.

ingenuus, -a, -um, adj. frank,
open.

ingratus, -a, -um, adj. unpleas-
ant, thankless.

ingredior, 3, -gressus, enter, go
into.

inhonestus, -a, -um, adj. dis-
honorable, disgraceful.

inhospitalis, -e, adj. inhospita- .
ble.

inicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, put into,
insert; apply (manus), lay
hands on, seize.

inimicus, -a, -um, adj. hostile ;
as noun, m. enemy, foe.

imquus, -a, -um, adj. uneven,
unjust, unfair, wicked.

iniuria, -ae, f . wrong, hurt, harm.

inlido, 3, -si, -sus, strike or dash
against, w. se, wash.

innocens, -entis, adj. guiltless,
harmless.

innumerabilis, -e, adj. countless.

inopia, -ae, f. want, scarcity,
scant supply.

inopmatus, -a, -um, adj. unex-
pected.

inquam, defect, verb, say.

inritus, -a, -um, adj. unsuccess-
ful, vain, foiled.

inrumpo, 3, -rupl, -ruptus, burst

into, force a way in.
inruo, 3, -ui, — , rush in, press

into.
insania, -ae, f. unsoundness of

mind, insanity, madness.
msanus, -a, -um, adj. mad,

frantic, frenzied.
msciens, -entis, ad j.not knowing;

patre, without his father's

knowledge.

mscius, -a, -um, adj. not know-
ing, ignorant of, unacquainted

with.

inscribo,3, -psi,-ptus, write upon.
insequor, 3, -secutua, follow

upon, pursue, start in pursuit.
insero, 3, -sevl, -situs, implant,

plant, sow.

insero, 3, -serui, -sertus, intro-
duce, insert.
msidiae, -arum, f . ambush, plot,

artifice, trick, treachery.
insido, 3, -sedl, -sessus, settle

on, take possession of.
insignis, -e, adj. distinguished,

striking, prominent.
insisto, 3, -stitl, — , stand upon,

press upon.
mstituo, 3, -ui, -iitus, begin,

arrange, resolve, determine on.
insto, 1, -stitl, — , approach, be

present, press upon, threaten.
instruo, 3, -uxi, -uctus, prepare,

furnish, equip, form, construct.
msuetus, -a, -um, adj. unusual.
msula, -ae, f. island.
integer, -gra, -grum, adj. fresh,

sound, untouched, unbroken.
intellego, 3, -16x1, -Iectus, per-
ceive, understand, find out,

learn.
inter, prep, between, among;

inter se, together, with one

another.
intercludd, 3, -usl, -usus, shut

up, cut off.

166

VOCABULARY.

interdic5, 3, -dixi, -dictus, for-
bid, exclude, prohibit.

interdum, adv. sometimes, now
and then.

interea, adv. meanwhile.

interficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, kill,
destroy.

interior, adj. comp. inner.

intermitto, 3, -nils!, -missus,
leave off, interrupt; pass.
elapse, intervene.

interpono, 3, -posm, -positus,
place between; pass, lie be-
tween, intervene.

interrogo, 1, question.

interrumpd, 3, -rupl, -ruptus,
break up, break off.

intersum, -esse, -ful. be between,
intervene.

intervallum, -1, n. space between,
interval.

intra, prep, within, inside.

intro, 1, enter, go into.

introitus, -us, m. going in, en-
trance.

intueor, 2, -itus, look upon, gaze
at, behold.

inundo, 1, overflow, inundate,
cover.

inutilis, -e, adj. useless, un-
serviceable.

invenid, 4, -veni, -ventus, come
upon, find, discover.

inventor, -oris, m. contriver,
inventor.

invicem, adv. in turn, alter-
nately.

invideo, 2, -vldi, -visus, envy,
grudge.

invidia, -ae, f. erfcy, hatred.

invito, 1, invite, urge to en-
ter.

invitus, -a, -um, adj. unwilling,
reluctant.

invoco, 1, call upon, invoke.

iocosus, -a, -um, adj. witty,
funny, fond of jest.

iocus, -I, m. pi. also ioca, -drum,
n. jest, joke.

Johannes, -is, m. John.

lole, -es, f. lole.

ipse, -a, -um, pron. self, very.

ira, -ae, f. anger, rage.

iracundus, -a, -urn, adj. passion-
ate.

irascor, 3, iratus, be angry, en-
raged or furious.

iratus, -a, -um, adj. angry, en-
raged. '

is, ea, id, pron. that, this, he,
she, it.

iste, ista, istud, pron. that near
you, that of yours, that.

ita, adv. so, thus.

Italia, -ae, f. Italy.

itaque, conj. and so, therefore,
accordingly.

iter, itineris, n. journey, road.

iterum, adv. again, once more.

Ithaca, -ae, f. an island in the
Ionian sea.

iubeo, 2, iussl, iussus, order,
command.

iucundus, -a, -um, adj. pleasant,
jovial.

iudex, -icis, m. and f. judge.

iudico, 1, judge, decide, declare.

iugum, -I, n. yoke.

lulius, -1, m. Julius.

iumentum, -i, n. beast of burden.

iungo, 3, ifmxl, iunctus, join,
yoke, cross.

luppiter, lovis, m. Jupiter,
king of the gods.

iuris-consultus, -I, m. lawyer.

ius, iuris, n. law, right, privilege.

ius, iuris, n. soup.

iusiurandum, iurisiurandi, n.
oath.

(iussus, -us), m. only abl. sing.,
command, order.

iusta, -orum, n. funeral rites.

iustus, -a, -um, adj. just, right,
proper.

VOCABULARY.

167

iuvenis, -is, adj. young; as
noun, m. youth, young man.

iuvo, 1, iuvl, iutus, help, aid,
assist.

iuxta, adv. and prep, nearly,
near.

L.

labor, -oris, m. labor, toil, work,

effort, exertion.
labor, 3, lapsus, glide, slip.
laboro, 1, work, toil.
labrum, -I, n. lip.
lac, lactis, n. milk.
lacrima, -ae, f. tear.
lacus, -us, m. lake, pond.
laetitia, -ae, f. joy, gladness.
laetus, -a, -um, adj. joyful,

glad, delighted.
lambd, 3, -bi, -bitus, lick.
lamenta, -oram, n. wailing,

weeping, lamentation.
languidus, -a, -um, adj. faint,

languid.

lapis, -idis, m. stone.
lassitude, -inis, f. faintness,

weariness, fatigue.
latebrae, -arum, f . hiding-place,

retreat.
lateo, 2, -ui, — , lie hid, escape

notice.

Latinus, -a, -um, adj. Latin.
latratus, -us, m. barking, bark,

yelp.

latro, -onis, in. robber.
latus, -a, -um, adj. broad, wide.
latus, -eris, n. side.
laudo, 1, praise, honor.
laus, laudis, f. praise, flattery.
lavo, 1, -avi, -atus, and 3, lav!,

lautus and lotus, wash, bathe.
laxo, 1, unloose, relax.
lectus, -i, m. bed, couch.
legatus, -1, m. officer, lieutenant.
lego, 3, legi, lectus, collect,

choose, read.
lenid, 4, soften.

lenis, -e, adj. soft, smooth, light,
mild.

led, -onis, m. lion.

levis, -e, adj. smooth, polished.

levis, -e, adj. light.

leviter, adv. lightly.

levo, 1, lighten.

lex, legis, f. law.

libenter, adv. gladly, with pleas-
ure.

liberal itas, -atis, f. liberality,
generosity.

liberi, -drum, m. children.

libero, I, free, set free, deliver.

llbertas, -atis, f. liberty, free-
dom.

libum, -I, n. cake.

Libya, -ae, f. Libya.

licet, 2, -cuit, -citum, impers.
it is allowed or permitted.

lictor, -oris, m. lictor, the
consul's servant.

ligneus, -a, -um, adj. wooden.

lignum, -i, n. wood.

ligo, 1, bind, fasten.

Hmen, -inis, n. threshold.

limus, -I, m. mud, slime.

lingua, -ae, f. tongue.

linum, -i, n. linen, thread, cord.

littera, -ae,f . letter; pi. language.

litus, -oris, n. shore, beach.

loco, 1, place, post, put.

loculi, -orum, m. picrse.

locus, -1, m. place, spot, region.

Londinium, -I, n. London.

longe, adv. far.

longus, -a, -um, adj. long; na-
vis, ship of war.

loquax, -acis, adj. talkative.

loquor, 3, locutus, dep. speak,
talk, say.

lotus, -I, f. lotus.

Loxias, -ae, m. Loxias.

lubricus, -a, -um, adj. slippery,
slimy, muddy.

lucerna, -ae, f. lamp, lantern,

lucide, adv. clearly, distinctly.

168

VOCABULARY.

Lucius, -I, m. Lucius.

lucrum, -I, n. riches, wealth.

luctor, 1, strive, struggle, con-
tend.

ludibrium, -I, n. jest, taunt,
mockery.

ludo, 3, -si, -siis, play, gamble,
deceive.

Ludovicus, -I, m. Louis.

ludus, -I, m. game, sport, school.

lumen, -inis, n. light, rays.

lima, -ae, f. moon.

lupus, -!, m. wolf.

lustro, 1, wander over, observe,
gaze at, look at.

lutum, -1, n. mud, mire.

lux, lucis, f. light.

luxus, -us, m. luxury, enjoyment.

Lycus, -I, m. Lycus.

Lyddn, -onls, m. Lydon.

lyra, -ae, f. lyre.

Lysander, -drl, m. Lysander.

M.

Macedo, -onis, m. Macedonian.

macte, well done! good! (vir-
tute), a blessing on your
virtue I

macto, 1, sacrifice, offer.

maculo, 1, spot, stain, soil.

madefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, wet,
moisten. •

maestus, -a, -um, adj. sad,
sorrowful, dejected.

magicus, -a, -um, adj. magic,
magical.

magis, adv. rather, more.

magister, -trl, m. master.

magistratus, -us, m. magistrate,
officer.

magnified", adv. grandly, splen-
didly, richly.

magnificentia, -ae, f. splendor,
grandeur, elegance.

magnificus,-a,-um, adj. magnif-
icent, honorable, splendid, fine.

magnitude, -inis, f. size, great-
ness.

magnopere, adv. greatly, ex-
ceedingly, heartily.

magnus, -a, -um, great, large,
wide, heavy.

maiestas, -atis, f . dignity, great-
ness.

maior, mains, adj. greater,
older.

male, adv. badly, scarcely, with
difficulty; male parere, dis-
obey.

maledicO; 3, -xl, -dictus, S2)eak
ill of, abuse, revile.

malignus, -a, -um, adj. ill-
natured, malicious.

malo, malle, malul, — , prefer,
choose.

malum, -I, n. apple.

malum, -I, n. evil.

malus, -a, -um, adj. bad, evil,
improper.

malus, -1, m. mast.

mandatum, -1, n. command,
order, word.

mando, 1, commit, entrust.

mane, adv. in the morning.

maneo, 2, -ansi, -ansus, remain,
stay, wait.

manifestus, -a, -um, adj. un-
mistakable, evident, plain.

mansuetudo, -dinis, f. clemency,
kindness.

manus, -us, f. hand, band, force.

mare, -is, n. sea.

margo, -inis, m. edge, shore.

marinus, -a, -um, adj. of the
sea, sea-.

maritimus, -a, -um, adj. of the
sea, sea-.

massa, -ae, f. mass, lump.

mater, -tris, f. mother.

matrimonium, -1, n. marriage,
wedlock.

mature, 1, hasten, hurry, make
haste.

VOCABULARY.

169

maturus, -a, -um, adj. early,
ripe.

maxime, adv. certainly, very,
greatly, especially, particu-
larly.

maximus, -a, -um, adj. superl.
greatest, very great, very
strong, etc. ; natu, eldest ;
quam maximus, as great as
possible.

Medea, -ae, f. daughter of Ae-
etes, king of Colchis.

medicamentum, -1, n. drug,
potion.

medicina, -ae, f . art of healing,
medicine.

medicus, -I, m. doctor.

medius, -a, -um, adj. middle,
midst of.

membrum, -brl, n. limb.

memini, -isse, only pf., remem-
ber, recollect.

memor, -oris, adj. mindful.

memoria, -ae, f. memory; w.
teneo, bear in mind, remem-
ber.

mens, mentis, f. mind.

mensa, -ae, f. table.

mensis, -is, m. month.

mentio, -onis, f. mention, allu-
sion.

mentum, -1, n. chin.

mercator, -oris, m. trader, mer-
chant.

merces, -edis, f . wages, reward,
fee.

Mercurius, -I, m. Mercury, god
of trades.

mereo, 2, -ul, -itus, deserve, be
entitled to, merit.

mergo, 3, -si, -sus, dip, plunge ;
w. se, sink, be swallowed up.

meridianus, -a, -um, adj. of
midday, of noon.

meridies, — , ace. -em, midday,
noon, south.

merits, adv. deservedly, justly.

meritus, -a, -um, adj. due, fit,
right, proper.

messis, -is, f. harvest.

meta, -ae, f. goal, target.

metus, -us, m. fear, dread.

meus, -a, -um, poss. pron. my,
mine.

Midas, -ae, m. Midas, king of
Phrygia.

migrd, 1, remove, emigrate,
depart.

miles, -itis, m. soldier, man.

militaris, -e,adj. military, mar-
tial, of war.

mille, adj. thousand, pi. mllia ;
mille passuum, mile.

mina, -ae, f . a small silver coin.

minae, -arum, f. threats, men-
aces.

Minerva, -ae, f. Minerva, god-
dess of wisdom.

minime, adv. superl. least of
all, very little, by no means.

minimus, -a, -um, adj. superl.
least, very small ; natu,
youngest.

ministro, 1, attend, serve, wait
upon.

minitor, 1, threaten, menace.

minor, -us, adj. comp. smaller,
less.

minor, 1, threaten, menace.

minuo, 3, -ul, -utus, lessen,
diminish, reduce.

minus, adv. comp. less, not at all.

mirabilis, -e, adj. wonderful,
marvellous, strange.

mlraculum, -i, n. wonder, mir-
acle.

miror, 1, wonder, admire, be
astonished or amazed.

minis, -a, -um, adj. wonderful,
extraordinary.

misceo, 2, -cui, mixtus, mix,
mingle, prepare.

miser, -era, -erum, adj. wretched,
miserable, poor.

170

VOCABULARY.

misere, adv. miserably, sadly.

misereor, 2, -itus, feel pity, have
compassion.

miseret, 2, impers. it distresses
one, one feels pity.

misericordia, -ae, f. pity, com-
passion.

miseritus, -a, -urn, part, of mi-
sereor.

mitesco, 3, — , — , grow gentle,
soften.

mitigo, 1, soften, subdue, refine.

mitto, 3, mlsl, missus, send,
despatch.

modice, adv. moderately.

modicus, -a, -um, adj. moderate;
modest, temperate.

modo, adv. only, merely, simply,
at one time, at another.

modus, -i, m. manner, measure,
mode.

molestia, -ae, f. annoyance,
vexation, distress.

molestus, -a, -um, adj. trouble-
some, irksome.

mollis, -e, adj. soft, tender.

moneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn, advise.

mons, mentis, m. mountain, hill.

monstro, 1, point to, show, dis-
play.

monstrum, -I, n. monster, pest.

montanus, -a, ,-um, adj. moun-
tain.

'mora, -ae, f. delay, hesitation.

morbus, -i, m. sickness, disease.

Morcius, -I, m. Morcius.

mordeo, 2, momordl, morsus,
bite.

moribundus, -a, -um, adj. dying,
at the point of death.

morior, 3, mortuus, die.

moror, 1, delay, retard, hinder.

mors, mortis, f. death.

mortalis, -e, adj. deadly, fatal,
human, mortal, of men.

mortifer, -fera, ferum, adj.
deadly, fatal.

mortuus, -a, -um, adj. dead.

mos, moris, m. manner, custom,
habit, way; in plur. manners,
conduct.

motus, -us, m. motion, move-
ment.

moveo, 2, movl, motus, move,
rouse, stir, inspire, provoke.

mox, adv. presently, soon, after-
wards.

mugitus, -us, in. bellowing.

mulceo, 2, -si, -sus, soothe,
stroke.

mulcta, -ae, f. fine, penalty.

mulctrarium, -1, n. milking-pail.

mulier, -eris, f. woman.

multiplex, -plicis, adj. manifold,
various.

multitude, -inis, f. multitude,
crowd, number.

multo, I, fine, punish.

multum, adv. greatly, a great
deal, much, long.

multus, -a, -uin, adj. many,
much.

munio, 4, build, fortify, protect,
defend.

munus, -eris, n. gift, present.

murus, -I, m. wall.

mus, muris, m. mouse.

musca, -ae, f. fly.

muto, 1, change, alter, exchange.

Mysia, -ae, f. a state of Asia
Minor.

N.

nam, conj. for.

nanciscor, 3, nactus, obtain, get.

nares, -ium, f . plur. nostrils, nose.

narro, 1, narrate, relate, tell.

nascor, 3, natus, be born.

nasus, -1, m. nose.

nato, 1, swim, move to and fro,

open and shut.
natu, adv. by birth.
natura, -ae, f. nature, character.

VOCABULARY.

171

natus, -I, m. son.

(natus, -us), m. birth; maior
natu, elder; see maximus and
minimus.

naufragium, -i, n. shipwreck,
loss, destruction; facere, be
shipwrecked.

nausea, -ae, f. sea-sickness.

nauta, -ae, m. sailor.

nauticus, -a, -um, adj. naval,
nautical, ship-.

navigatio, -onis, f . sailing, navi-
gation, voyage.

navigo, 1, sail, navigate.

navis, -is, f. ship, vessel.

-ne, interrog. particle, whether.

ne, conj. lest, that not ; adv. not
ne . . . quidem, not even.

nee, conj. and not, neither,
nor.

necessario, adv. unavoidably*
inevitably.

necesse, adj. only nom. and
ace. inevitable, unavoidable.

neco, 1, kill, put to death.

nefandus, -a, -um, adj. horrible.

neglego, 3, -exi, -ectus, dis-
regard, pass by, neglect, omit.

negd, 1, deny, say no, refuse.

negotium, -!, n. business, affair,
task, charge, trouble, effort.

nemo, dat. neminl, m. and f. no
one, nobody ; Nemo, Nobody.

nempe, adv. truly.

nemus, -oris, n. wood, grove.

nepos, -otis, m. and f. grand-
son, grand-daughter, nephew,
niece.

neque. See nee.

Nero, -onis, Nero.

nervus, -I, m. sinew, muscle,
strength, nerve.

nescio, 4, -ivi, — , not know, be
unaware ; w. quis, some one,
a certain.

nescius, -a, -um, adj. ignorant.

Nessus, -I, m. Nessus.

nidus, -i, m. nest.

niger, -gra, -grum, adj. black.

nihil, indecl. n. nothing; foil.

by part. gen. no; as adv.

in no respect, not at all.
nihilum, -1, n. not a shred,

nothing ; gen. of no value.
nimirum, adv. no wonder, with-
out doubt, certainly.
nimis, adv. too much.
nimium, adv. too much, very

much, greatly.
nisi, conj. unless, if not.
msus, -us, m. struggle, effort.
nitidus, -a, -um, adj. shining,

healthy-looking, sleek, fat.
mtor, 3, nisus, strive, push.
niveus, -a, -um, adj. snow-white,

snowy.

nix, nivis, f. snow.
nobilis, -e, adj. noble, well-born;

as noun, m. noble, lord.
noceo, 2, -cui, -citurus, hurt, do

harm, injure.
noctu, adv. by night.
nocturnus, -a, -um, adj. by

night, nightly.
Nola, -ae, f. Nola.
nolo, nolle, nolui, — , be unwil-
ling, not wish.
no men, -inis, n. name.
non, adv. not.
nondum, adv. not yet.
nonne, interrog. particle, not ?
nonnullus, -a, -um, adj. some,

several.
non-numquam, adv. sometimes,

at times.

nos, nostrum, we (plur. of ego).
noster, -stra, -strum, possess.

pron. our, ours ; pi. as noun,

our men.
noto, 1, mark, notice, observe,

perceive, see.
notus, -a, -um, adj. known,

well-known, familiar.
novem, num. adj. indecl. nine.

172

VOCABULARY.

no vitas, -atis, f . newness, strange-
ness, novelty.

novus, -a, -um,adj. new, strange.

nox, noctis, f. night.

noxia, -ae, f. harm, hurt.

nubes, -is, f. cloud.

nubo, 3, -psi, -plus, marry ;
lit. put on the wedding veil.

nudo, 1, strip, lay bare.

nudus, -a, -um, adj. naked,
bare.

nullus, -a, -um, adj. none, no.

num, interrog. particle, whether.

numero, 1, count, number, pay.

numerus, -1, m. number.

nummus, -1, m. coin, money.

numquam, adv. never, at no
time.

numquid, interrog. adv. is there
anything ?

nunc, adv. now, at the present
time.

nuntid, 1, announce, tell.

nuntius, -i, m. messenger, news,
tidings.

nuper, adv. lately, recently.

nuptiae, -arum, f. plur. wed-
ding, nuptials.

nurus, -us, f . daughter-in-law.

nutrix, -icis, f. nurse.

mix, nucis, f. nut.

nympha, -ae, f. nymph.

O.

6, exclamation, O!

ob, prep, on account of.

obduco, 3, -xi, -ductus, draw
over, cover, overspread.

obicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw to,
give up, cast in the way, ex-
pose.

obiurgd, 1, chide, rebuke, re-
prove, blame.

oblatus. See offero.

oblino, 3, -levl, -litus, smear
over, anoint.

oblitus, -a, -um, part, from obll-
vlscor, forgetful, unmindful.

obliviscor, 3, -litus, forget.

oboediens, -entis, adj. com-
pliant, obedient.

obscuro, 1, darken, cover.

obscurus, -a, -um, adj. dark,
black.

obsecro, 1, implore, beseech,
pray, beg.

obsero, 1, lock, bolt.

observe, 1, observe, watch.

obses, -idis, m. and f. hostage.

obsideo, 2, -sedi, -sessus, besiege,
beset, lay siege to.

obsoletus, -a, -um, adj. decayed,
worn out, shabby, mean, poor.

obstruo, 3, -uxl, -uctus, build
up, barricade, bar.

obstupefacio, 3, -feel, -factus,
astonish, amaze, astound.

obtego, 3, -exi, -ectus, cover up,
protect, hide, conceal.

obtestor, 1, entreat, implore,
beseech.

obtined, 2, -tinul, -tentus, pos-
sess, gain, hold, occupy.

obviam, adv. to meet; before
one, in face of.

obvius, -a, -um, adj. in the way,
meeting, to meet.

occasio, -onis, f. opportunity,
chance, favorable moment.

occasus, -us, m. going down,
setting, sunset, west.

occid5, 3, -cidl, -casus, perish,
die.

occido, 3, -cldl, -clsus, kill, put
to death.

occuld, 3, -cului, -cultus, cover,
hide.

occulto, 1, hide, conceal.

occultus, -a, -um, part, con-
cealed, hidden; in occulto,
in secret.

occumbo, 3, -cubul, -cubitum,
fall in death, die.

VOCABULARY.

173

occupo, 1, seize, hold, take pos-
session of.

occurro, 3, -curri, -cursus, meet,
run up, appear, come upon.

oceanus, -I, in. ocean.

octo, indec. adj. eight.

oculus, -I, m. eye.

odium, -1, n. hatred, enmity.

odor, -oris, m. smell.

odoror, 1, smell, smell out,
scent.

Oechalia, -ae, f. Oechalia.

offendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, strike
upon, hit upon, offend, vex.

offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus,
present, offer, expose.

officma, -ae, f . workshop, labora-
tory.

officium, -I, n. duty, service.

oleum. -I, n. oil.

olim, adv. once upon a time,
once, formerly.

omitto, 3, -mis!, -missus, pass
by, disregard, omit, neglect.

omnmo, adv. wholly, entirely,
altogether, absolutely.

omnis, -e, adj. all, every; as
noun, m. pi. everybody, n.
everything.

onero, 1, load, burden.

•onus, -eris, n. burden.

onustus, -a, -um, adj. loaded,
laden, freighted.

opera, -ae, f. pains, task, help,
exertion, effort.

operio, 4, -ui, -pertus, cover.

opimus, -a. -um, adj. wealthy,
rich.

opmio, -onis, f. idea, opinion,
belief; reputation, renown,
name.

oportet, 2, -uit, impers. it is
necessary, one must, ought.

oppidanus, -I, in. townsman.

oppidum, -I, n. town.

oppono, 3, -posui, -positus, op-
pose, resist.

opportunus, -a, -um, adj. con-
venient, suitable.

opprimo, 3, -press!, -pressus,
overcome, crush, surprise.

oppugno, 1, attack, besiege.

(ops), opis, f. aid; often pi.
power, might, influence,
wealth.

opto, 1, wish for, hope for,
choose.

opus, -eris, n. work, labor, task;
work, book.

ora, -ae, f. shore, coast.

oraculum, -I, n. oracle.

oratio, -onis, f. speech, words.

orator, -oris, m. speaker, orator.

ordo, -inis, m. row ; ex ordine,
in succession, one after an-
other.

oriens, -entis, m. east (rising
sun).

orior, 4, ortus, spring forth, rise,
arise, begin ; orta luce, at
daybreak.

orno, I, fit out, adorn.

oro, 1, beg, pray, entreat, plead.

Orpheus, -el, m. a Thracian
bard.

os, oris, n. mouth, face, lips.

os, ossis, n. bone.

ostendo, 3, -dl, -tus, show, in-
dicate, make known, tell.

5stium, -I, n. door, entrance.

ostrum, -1, n. purple.

otium, -!, n. ease, leisure, holi-
day.

ovile, -is, n. sheepfold.

ovis, -is, f. sheep.

ovum, -1, n. egg ; ab ovo usque
ad mala, from beginning to
end.

P.

pabulum, -I, n. food, fodder,

sustenance.

Padius, -I, m. Padius.
paene, adv. almost, nearly.

174

VOCABULARY.

palam, adv. openly.
pallium, -I, n. cloak, mantle.
palma, -ae, f. palm (the tree),

palm, prize, victory.
palus, -1, m. stake, bar.
palus, -Mis, f. marsh, swamp.
pando, 3, -dl, passus, spread out,

unfold, open.
panis, -is, in. bread, loaf.
pannosus, -a, -um, adj. ragged,

tattered.

Panurgius, -1, m. Panurgius.
par, pai-is, adj. equal, like,

similar.
paratus, -a, -um, adj. ready.

fitted.
parco, 3, pepercl or parsi, par-

sus, spare, use sparingly.
parcus, -a, -um, adj. thrifty,

frugal, sparing.
parens, -entis, m. and f . parent.
pared, 2, -ul, -itus, obey.
paries, -ietis, m. wall.
pario, 3, peperi, partus, bring

forth, produce.
pariter, adv. equally, in like

manner.
paro, 1, get ready, prepare,

build.

pars, -tis, 1 part, share, direc-
tion, place.
partim, adv. partly.
parum, adv. little, too little.
parumper, adv. for a short time,

a moment.
parvus, -a, -um, adj. small,

little.
pasco, 3, pavl, pastus, feed,

drive to pasture, tend.
pascor, 3, pastus, browse, feed,

graze, support one's self.
passim, adv. in all directions.
passus, -us, m. step, pace; mille

passuum, mile.
pastor, -oris, m. shepherd.
patefacio, 3, -feci, -factus, lay

open, throw open.

pateo, 2, -ul, — , lie or stand
open, be exposed..

pater, -tris, m. father.

paternus, -a, -um, adj. o/or be-
longing to a father, hereditary.

patiens, -entis, adj. enduring,
patient.

patienter, adv. patiently, hum-
bly.

patientia, -ae, f. endurance,
patience.

patior, 3, passus, suffer, allow,
permit.

patria, -ae, f. country, father-
land.

patrimonium, -I, n. inheritance,
estate.

patruus, -i, m. uncle.

paucus, -a, -um, adj. few; as
noun, pi. a few.

paulatim, adv. by degrees, grad-
ually.

paulisper, adv. for a little while.

paulo, adv. a little, shortly.

paulum, adv. a little, somewhat.

pauper, -eris, adj. poor; as
noun, m. a poor man.

paupertas, -atis, f. poverty,
small means, need, want.

pavidus, -a, -um, adj. fearful,
timid.

pavo, -onis, m. peacock.

pavor, -oris, m. fear, alarm.

pax, pacis, f. peace, harmony.

pectus, -oris, n. breast, soul.

peculium, -1, n. private purse,
property.

pecunia, -ae, f. money.

pecus, -oris, n. flock.

pecus, -udis, f. cattle.

pedes, peditis, m. foot-soldier.

Pelias, -ae, m. a mythical king
of Thessaly.

pellis, pellis, f. skin, hide.

pello, 3, pepuli, pulsus, drive.

pendeo, 2, pependi, — , hang,
hang down.

VOCABULARY.

175

penetralia, -ium, n. plur. inte-
rior, inner part of a house.

penna, -ae, f. feather, wing.

per, prep, through, throughout,
by means of.

perago, 3, -egl, -actus, accom-
plish, complete, carry out.

percipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, as-
sume, feel.

percurro, 3, -ri, -sus, run or
hasten through, pass through.

percutio, 3, -cussi, -cussus,
strike, cleave, crush.

perdo, 3, -did!, -ditus, lose, throw
away, destroy.

pereo, -ire, -ii, -itus, perish, die.

pererro, 1, wander through.

perfero, -ferre, -tull, -latus,
carry through, convey, endure,
bear.

perficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, com-
plete, accomplish, execute.

perfidus, -a, -um, adj. treacher-
ous, faithless, dishonorable.

perflo, 1, — , — , flow through
or over.

perforo, 1, bore, perforate.

perfringo, 3, -fregi, -fractus,
break in pieces, shatter, com-
pletely wreck.

perfugio, 3, -fugi, — , flee for
refuge.

perfugium, -I, n. shelter, refuge.

perfungor, 3, -functiis, perform,
fulfil.

pergo, 3, perrexl, perrectus,
continue, go on, go, proceed.

periculosus, -a, -urn, adj. dan-
gerous.

periculum, -I, n. danger, risk.

peritus, -a, -um, adj. skilful,
expert.

perlustro, 1, wander through,
mew all over, examine care-
fully.

permaneo, 2, -mansi, -mansu-
rus, remain, continue, persist.

perscribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, write

at length, describe fully.
Persae, -arum, m. Persians.
persolvo, 3, -solvi, -solutus,

release, pay, give.
persona, -ae, f. part, character.
persono, 1, -ul, — , resound, re-
echo.
perspici5, 3, -exi, -ectus, look

at, perceive.
persuadeo, 2, -si, -sus, persuade,

prevail upon, induce.
perterreo, 2, — , -itus, frighten

thoroughly, frighten.
pertinacia, -ae, f. perseverance,

obstinacy, stubbornness.
pertinax, -acis, adj. steadfast,

persistent, obstinate.
perturbo, 1, disturb, throw into

confusion.
pervenio, 4, -vem, -ventus,

arrive at, reach.
pervicacia, -ae, f. stubbornness,

inflexibility.
pes, pedis, m. foot.
pestis, -is, f. plague.
peto, 3, -ivl or -ii, -itus, seek,

attack, aim at, make for, go to.
pharus, -i, f. lighthouse.
Phasis, -idis, f. a river flowing

into the Black Sea.
Philippus, -i, m. Philip.
philosophia, -ae, f. philosophy.
philosophus, -i, m. philosopher.
Phlneus, -ei, m. a blind king

of Thrace.

Phrixus, -i, m. son of Athamas.
Phrygia, -ae, f. Phrygia, a

country of Asia Minor.
Phyllis, -idis, f. Phyllis.
pictus, -a,-um,adj. embroidered.
piger, -gra, -gruni, adj. idle,

slow, lazy, inactive.
piget, 2, -uit, and -itum est,

impers. it disgusts, grieves.
pinguis, -e, adj. fat, heavy.
piscator, -oris, m, fisherman,

176

VOCABULARY.

piscis, -is, m. fish.

pistor, -Oris, m. baker.

pix, picis, f. pitch.

placenta, -ae, f. cake.

placed, 2, -cul or placitus sum,
-citus, please, satisfy.

placide, adv. quietly, calmly.

place, 1, calm, appease.

plaga, -ae, f. net.

Plancus, -i, m. Plancus.

plaudo, 3, -si, -sus, clap the
hands, applaud.

plaustrum, -i, n. wagon.

plausus, -us, m. clapping, ap-
plause, cheering.

plebs, -is, f. common people.

plenus, -a, -um, adj. full.

plerumque, adv. of ten, frequent-
ly, for the most part.

ploro, 1, bewail, lament, grieve.

plurimus, -a, -um, superl. adj.
most, very many.

plus, adv. more.

Plutus, -I, m. Plutus.

poculum, -i, n. cup.

poena, -ae, f. penalty, punish-
ment; sumo poenas, punish ;
do poenas, be punished.

poenitet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it
repents.

poeta, -ae, m. poet, bard.

polliceor, 2, -itus, promise, bar-
gain, engage.

Polyphemus, -I, m. a Cyclops.

Pompeius, -I, m. Pompey.

pomum, -i, n. apple.

pondus, -eris, n. weight.

pono, 3, posul, positus, place,
put, fix; pass, lie, rest, depend.

pons, -ntis, m. bridge.

porculus, -i, m. sucking pig.

porcus, -I, m. hog, swine, pig.

porrigo, 3, -rexl, -rectus, stretch
out, offer.

porta, -ae, f. gate.

portentum, -1, n. marvel.

porto, 1, carry, take.

portus, -us, m. harbor.

posco, 3, poposci, — , demand,
request, beg for.

possum, posse, potui, be able, can.

post, prep, after, behind; as
adv. afterwards, later.

postea, adv. after that, after-
wards, then.

(posterus), -a, -um, adj. next,
following.

posthac, adv. afterwards, in
future.

postis, -is, m. door-post.

postquam, conj. after that,
after.

postremo, adv. at last, finally.

postridie, adv. the day after, on
the next day.

postulo, 1, ask, request, demand.

potior, 4, -itus, obtain, acquire,
possess.

potius, adv. rather, more.

prae, prep, before, on account of.

praeacutus, -a, -um, adj. sharp-
ened at the end, pointed.

praebeo, 2, -ul, -itus, offer, fur-
nish, give, show.

praecaveo, 2, -cavi, -cautus,
take care or heed, be on one's
guard, beware.

praeceps, -cipitis, adj. headlong.

praecipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus,
take in advance, warn, antici-
pate, charge, order, bid.

praecipito, 1, throw headfirst,
hurl down.

praecipue, adv. chiefly, more
than anything else.

praeclarus, -a, -um, adj. cele-
brated, famous, excellent.

praeda, -ae, f. booty, prey.

praedico, 3, -xi, -ictus, foretell,
predict.

praeditus, -a, -um, part, en-
dowed with.

praedor, 1, rob, plunder.

praefectus, -i, m. governor.

VOCABULARY.

177

praeficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, set
over, place in command.

praelambo, 3, -bl, -bitus, lick
first.

praemium, -I, n. reward, recom-
pense, favor.

praemoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn
beforehand.

praerumpo, 3, -rupl, -ruptus,
break off.

praeruptus, -a, -um, adj. steep.

praescribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, ap-

. point, advise.

praescriptum, -I, n. rule, order.

praesens, -entis, adj. instant,
immediate, present.

praesentia, -ae, f . presence ; in
praesentia, for or at the time.

praesentio, 4, -sens!, -sensus,
feel beforehand, have a pre-
sentiment.

praeses, -idis, m. and f. pro-
tector, guardian.

praesidium, -!, n. guard, watch.

praestans, -antis, adj. remark-
able, conspicuous.

praesto, 1, -iti, -itus, stand be-
fore, erect, fulfil, show.

praesum, -esse, -ful, super-
intend, have charge of.

praeter, prep, except, besides.

praetereo, -Ire, -il, -itus, go by,
pass by, escape.

praeteritus, -a, -inn, adj. gone
by, past.

praetermitto, 3, -misi, -missus,
let go, pass by, neglect, omit,
lose.

praetervehor, 3, -vectus, ride
by, sail by or ahead.

praetor, -oris, m. praetor, chief
magistrate.

praetorium, -I,n. general's tent.

pratum, -I, n. meadow, pasture.

preces, -um, f. plur. prayers.

prehendo, 3, -di, -ensusj grasp,
seize, snatch.

premo, 3, pressl, pressus, press,
oppress, check, curb, restrain.

pretiosus, -a, -um, adj. valuable,
costly, expensive.

pretium, -1, n. price, value.

pridie, adv. on the day before.

primo, adv. at first, at the begin-
ning.

primum, adv. first, in the first
place; quam prmmm, as soon
as possible.

primus, -a, -um, adj.^rsi,/ore-
most, chief.

princeps, -cipis, adj. foremost,
chief; as noun, m. chief,
prince.

prior, prius, adj. comp. before,
former.

pristinus, -a, -um, adj. former,
early, previous.

prius, adv. comp. first, before.

priusquam or prius quam, adv.
sooner than, before.

privatus, -a, -um, adj. private.

privo, 1, rob, deprive, bereave.

pro, prep, before, for, in return
for, in behalf of.

probitas, -atis, f . justice, upright-
ness.

probrum, -I, n. disgrace, re-
proach.

probus, -a, -um, adj. virtuous,
honest.

procedo, 3, -cessl, — , go for-
ward, advance.

procella,- -ae, f. storm, blast,
wind.

procerus, -a, -um, adj. long,
extended.

procul, adv. far off, far, a great
way.

procurro, 3, -cucurrl, -cursus,
run forward.

prodige, adv. extravagantly.

prodigium, -1, n. marvel, miracle.

pr5digus, -a, -um, adj. wasteful,
extravagant, lavish.

178

VOCABULARY.

proditor, -oris, m. traitor.

prodo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give forth,
betray, deliver up.

produce, 3, -xi, -uctus, bring
forward, prolong, extend.

proelium, -I, n. battle, engage-
ment.

profecti5, -onis, f. going away,
setting out, departure.

proficiscor, 3, profectus, set out,
start, go away, depart.

profundus, -a, -um, adj. deep.

progredior, 3, -gressus, advance,
proceed, go on.

prohibeo, 2, -ul, -itus, prevent,
hinder, keep from.

proicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw
forward, stretch out, let go,
give up ; w. se, throw ewe's
self, fall prostrate.

proinde, adv. accordingly, there-
upon, then.

prolabor, 3, prolapsus, fall
down, slip.

proles, -is, f. offspring.

promissum, -I, n. promise,
pledge.

promitto, 3, -mlsi, -missus, en-
gage, promise, assure.

promo, 3, -mpsl, -mptus, take
out, bring forth, produce.

promptus, -a,'-um, adj. ready,
quick.

propello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive
forward, propel.

propero, 1, hasten, hurry.

propinquus, -a, -um, adj. near,
neighboring, near by.

propono, 3, -posul, -positus, dis-
play, offer, propose, suggest.

proprius, -a, -um, adj. one's
own, special, belonging to.

propter, prep, near, hard by,
on account of, for.

prora, -ae, f. prow, bow.

prosequor, 3, -secutus, follow
up, pursue, continue, go on,

prosilio, 4, -ul, — , leap forth,

spring up.
prospere, adv. successfully,

favorably.
prostratus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of

prosterno), thrown to the

ground, cast down.
prosum, prodesse, -ful, do good

to, benefit, serve.
protinus, adv. forthwith, direct-
ly, at once.
proveho, 3, -vexl, -vectus, carry

forward; pass, advance, pro-
ceed, progress.

provoco, 1, challenge, invite.
provolo, I, fly forth.
provolvo, 3, -volvl, -volutus,

roll forward.
proximus, -a, -um, superl. adj.

last, nearest, next.
prudentia, -ae, f. prudence,

foresight.

publicus, -a, -um, adj. public.
pudet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it

shames.

pudicus, -a, -um, adj. modest.
pudor, -oris, m. shame, modesty.
puella, -ae, f. girl.
puer, -I, m. boy.
piigna, -ae, f . fight, battle.
pugno, I, fight, contend.
pugnus, -I, m.fist..
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj.

fair, pretty, beautiful.
pullus, -I, m. chicken, young.
pulso, 1, beat, knock.
pulvis, -eris, m. dust.
punctus, -us, m. prick, sting.
pungo, 3, pupugi, punctus,

prick, pierce.
punio, 4, punish, chastise.
purgo, 1, excuse, clear.
purpureus, -a, -um, adj. purple.
puteus, -!, m. well, pit.
puto, 1, think, consider, believe.
putridus, -a, -um, adj. rotten,
1 decayed.

VOCABULARY.

179

Q

qua, adv. where.

quadrigae, -arum, f. plur. four-
horse chariot.

quaero, 3, -slvi, -situs, seek,
hunt for, inquire, ask.

quaeso, 3, — , — , pray, beg,
beseech.

qualis, -e, pron. of what sort,
what.

quam, adv. how, as; with com-
parative, than ; with superla-
tive, as possible; quam celer-
rime, as quickly as possible.

quamobrem, adv. on which ac-
count, why, therefore.

quamquam, adv. although.

quantum, adv. how far, to what
extent, how.

quantus, -a, -um, adj. how
great ? w. tantus, so great
... as.

quartus, -a, -um, adj. fourth.

quasi, adv. as if, just as if.

quattuor, adj. four.

-que, conj. and.

quercus, -us, f. oak.

querela, -ae, f. complaint.

queror, 3, questus, complain.

questus, -us, m. complaint.

qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj.
who ? which ? what ?

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. who,
which.

quia, conj. because.

quicumque, pron. whoever.

quidam, quaedam, quoddarn or
quiddam, pron. a certain
man.

quidem, adv. indeed; ne qui-
dem, not even.

quies, -etis, f . rest, freedom.

quin, conj. but that, from.

quingenti, -ae, -a, num. adj.
five hundred.

quinquaginta, num. adj. fifty.

qumque, num. adj. five.

quis, quae, quid, pron. who ?

what ? w. si or ne, indef.

any one, any.
quisquam, — , quid (quic) quam,

indef. pron. any one, any

one at all.
quisque, quaeque, quodque, or

quicque, pron. each.
quo, adv. whither.
quod, conj. because.
quomodo, adv. how? in what

manner ?
quondam, adv. once upon a

time, formerly.
quoque, conj. also.
quot, adj. indecl, how many?

as.
quotiens, adv. as often as, as

many times as.

radicitus, adv. by the roots,

utterly.

radius, -I, m. ray.
radix, -Icis, f. root.
ramus, -!, m. branch.
rapidus, -a, -um, adj. swift,

rushing, quick.
rap ma, -ae, f. robbery, plunder,

rapine.
rapio, 3, -ul, raptus, seize,

snatch up, carry off.
raptim, adv. hurriedly, hastily.
rapum, -I, n. turnip.
ratio, -onis, f. reason, method,

plan, way, manner.
ratis, -is, f. ship, raft.
raucus, -a, -um, adj. hoarse,

discordant.
recedo, 3, -eessi, -cessus, retire,

go back, give up.
recenseo, 2, -sul, — , review,

muster, survey.
recessus, -us, m. corner, inner

room.

180

VOCABULARY.

recipio, 3, -c6pl, -ceptus, re-
cover, regain; w. se, retreat,

withdraw ; animum recipere,

to recover the senses.
recreo, 1, refresh, revive, restore.
recte, adv. rightly, justly.
rectus, -a, -urn, adj. in a straight

line, straight, direct.
recumbo, 3, -cubui, — , lie down,

sink down.
recupero, 1, recover, regain, be

restored to.
recurro, 3, -currl, — , run back,

retire, return (to), w. ad,

rejoin.

recuso, 1, refuse, decline, reject.
reddo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give,

give back, render, restore.
redeo, -Ire, -ii, -itus, go back,

return.
redigo, 3, -egl, -actus, reduce,

compel, force, bring.
reditus, -us, m. return.
reduc5, 3, -xl, -ductus, bring

back, restore, bring.
redux, reducis, adj. returned,

come back.
refer5, referre, rettull, relatus,

relate, refer, bring back, re-
turn, repay; pedem, retreat,

withdraw.
reficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, repair,

regain, restore, renew.
refugio, 3, -f Cigl, — , turn back,

flee for refuge.
refulgeo, 2, -si, — , shine, gleam,

glisten.

regia, -ae, f. palace.
regma, -ae, f. queen.
regid, -onis, f. country, district,

land.
regius, -a, -um, adj. royal,

king's.

regno, 1, rule, reign, govern.
regnum, -I, n. kingdom, throne.
rego, 3, rexl, rectus, rule, reign,

govern.

regredior, 3, regressus, go back,
return.

reicio, 3, -led, -iectus, throw or
send back.

relego, 1, banish, expel.

relinquo, 3, -IquI, -ictus, leave,
abandon.

reliquus, -a, -um, adj. remain-
ing ; as noun, m. pi. the rest,
those remaining.

remedium, -I, n. remedy, cure.

remigo, 1, — , — , ply the oar,
row.

remitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send
back, remit, remove, pardon,
forgive.

removed, 2, -movl, -niotus,
move back, pass., withdraw,
pass, disappear.

remus, -I, m. oar.

renovo, 1, renew.

renuntio, 1, report, declare, an-
nounce.

repello, 3, -ppull, -pulsus, drive
away, cast down, deprive.

repente, adv. suddenly, unex-
pectedly.

reperio, 4, repperl, repertus,
find, discover, devise.

repertor, -oris, m. discoverer,
inventor.

repeto, 3, -IvI, -Itus, seek again,
resume, exact, return to.

repleo, 2, -evl, -etus, Jill up, fill
to the brim.

repono, 3, -posul,-positus, replace,
restore, put away, store, keep.

reporto, 1, carry back, gain,
carry off.

repudio, 1, put away, separate
from, cast off.

repugno, I, fight against, resist.

requies, -etis, f. rest, quiet.

requiesco, 3, -evl, -etus, rest.

res, rei, f. thing, matter, cir-
cumstance, condition ; as adv.
re vera, in truth, really.

VOCABULARY.

181

resero, 1, unlock, open.
resided, 2, -sedl, — , remain, be

left, stay.

resisto, 3, -stiti, — , make op-
position, resist, oppose.
resono, 1, -avl, — , resound,

echo.

responded, 2, -dl, -sus, answer.
responsum, -I, n. answer, advice,

oracle.

respublica, rel-publicae, f. state.
respuo, 3, -ui, — , spit out,
• reject, refuse.
restituo, 3, -ui, -utus, restore,

replace, reestablish.
resurgo, 3, -surrexl, -surrectus,

rise again, be revived.
retineo, 2, -tinui, -tentus, hold

back, detain, restrain, prevent.
reus, -1, m. prisoner, culprit.
revenio, 4, -veni, -ventus, come

back, return.

re vera, in truth. See res.
revertor, 3, -versus, turn back,

come back, return.
rex, regis, m. king.
Rhenus, -I, m. Ehine.
Ricardus, -I, m. Richard.
rideo, 2, risl, rlsus, laugh at,

laugh.

rigeo, 2, — , — , be numb, stiffen.
rigidus, -a, -urn, adj. stiff, hard,

rough.

rima, -ae, f. crack, chink.
ripa, -ae, f. bank, shore.
risus, -us, m. laugh, laughter.
rixor, 1, quarrel, dispute.
Robertus, -I, in. Robert.
robur, -oris, n. hardwood, oak.
rodo, 3, -si, -sus, gnaw.
rogo, 1, ask, inquire.
rogus, -I, m. funeral pile, pyre.
Rollo, -onis, m. Rollo.
Romanus, -a, -um, adj. Roman;

as noun, m. the Romans.
Roscius, -I, m. Roscius.
roseus, -a, -um, adj. rosy.

rostrum,-!, n. beak.

rumpo, 3, rupi, ruptus, break,

burst .
ruo,. 3, nil, rutus or ruitus, rush

forth, rush.
riipes, -is, f. rock, cliff.
riirsus, adv. back again, once

more, again.
riis, ruris, n. country.
riisticus, -a, -um, adj. of the

country, country-; as noun,

m. countryman, peasant.

saccus, -1, m. sack, bag.
sacer, -era, -crum, adj. holy,

sacred; as noun, m. pi.

sacred rites.

sacerdos, -dotis, m. and f. priest.
sacra. See sacer.
sacrificium, -1, n. sacrifice.
saepe, adv. often, frequently.
saevus, -a, -um, adj. cruel, sav-
age, fierce.

sagitta, -ae, f. arrow.
Sagittarius, -1, m. archer.
Salmydessus, -1, f. a town in

Thrace,
saltern, adv. at least, at all

events, anyhow.
salto, 1, jump, dance.
(saltus, -us) m. leap, bound.
saltus, -us, m. wood, glade.
salubris, -bre, adj. healthy,

sound.
salus, -utis, f. health, safety,

welfare.

saluto, 1, greet, welcome.
salve, good-day, welcome.
(salveo), 2, — , —, be well; sal-

vere iubeo, welcome.
salvus, -a, -um, adj. unhurt,

well, safe, sound.
sanguineus, -a, -um, adj. bloody.
sanguis, -inis, m. blood.
sano, 1, cure, heal.

182

VOCABULARY.

sanus, -a, -um, adj. healthy, well.

sapiens, -entis, adj. wise, dis-
creet, sensible.

sapientia, -ae, f . wisdom, knowl-
edge, intelligence.

Sarracenus, -1, m. Saracen.

sartor, -oris, m. cobbler.

satis, adv. enough.

satyrus, -i, m. satyr.

saucius, -a, -uin, adj. wounded.

saxum, -1, n. stone, rock.

scando, 3, -di, -ansus, climb.

scapha, -ae, f . light boat, skiff.

sceleratus, -a, -um, adj. wicked,
impious.

scelus, -eris, n. crime, wicked-
ness.

scientia, -ae, f. knowledge, ex-
perience, skill.

scindo, 3, (-id!), -issus, tear,
separate, cut.

scio, 4, -ivi, -itus, know, under-
stand, perceive.

scipio, -onis, m. stick.

scopulus, -I, m. rock, cliff, ledge.

Scoti, -orum, m. Scots.

scribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, write; (of
troops), levy.

scriptor, -oris, m. writer, author.

scrutor, 1, examine carefully.

Scythia, -ae, f. Scythia.

se, pron. reflex, himself, her-
self, itself, themselves; inter
se, one another. See sul.

secedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, go
apart or away, wander, stray.

secundum, prep, after, along,
according to.

secundus, -a, -um, adj. second,
favorable, successful.

securis, -is, f. axe.

securus, -a, -um, adj. careless,
safe.

secus, adv. otherwise.

sed, conj. but.

sedeo, 2, sedl, sessum, sit, be
seated.

sedes, -is, f. seat, dwelling.

seditio, -onis, f. revolt, quarrel.

seditiosus, -a, -um, adj. mu-
tinous.

sedulus, -a, -um, adj. careful,
zealous.

seges, -etis, f. corn-field.

segnis, -e, adv. slow, slothful.

segnitia, -ae, f. slowness.

semel, adv. once.

semianimis, -e, adj. half-dead.

semianimus, -a, -um, adj. half-
dead, half-alive.

semper, adv. ever, always.

senectus, -tutis, f. old age.

senex, senis, adj. old, aged; as
noun, m. old man.

sensus, -us, in. feeling, opinion,
view, consciousness.

sententia, -ae, f . intention, mind,
purpose, desire, wish.

sentio, 4, sensl, sensus, feel,
see, notice, perceive.

sepelio, 4, sepellvi, sepultus,
bury, inter.

septem, num. adj. seven.

septentriones, -um, m. north.

septimus, -a, -um, adj. seventh.

sepulcrum, -i, n. tomb, burial-
place.

sepultura, -ae, f. burial.

sequor, 3, secutus, follow, give
chase, pursue.

serenus, -a, -um, adj. clear,
calm, unruffled.

sermo, -onis, m. conversation,
talk, discourse ; serere ser-
monem, talk, converse.

sero, 3, sevi, satus, sow;, plant.

sero, 3, — , sertus, sew, bind, join.

sero, adv. late.

serpens, -entis, f . serpent, snake.

servo, 1, keep, save, preserve.

servus, -T, m. slave, servant.

seu, conj. whether.

severus, -a, -um, adj. stern, se-
vere.

VOCABULARY.

183

sex, num. adj. six.

sexcenti, -ae, -a, adj. six hun-
dred. Used of any large
number, thousands.

si, conj. if, in case.

sic, adv. so, thus.

Sicilia, -ae, f. Sicily.

sicut or sicutl, just as, as.

signum, -I, n. sign, standard.

silens, -entis, adj. silent, still.

silenter, adv. silently, quietly.

sileo, 2, -ul, — , be silent, be
still.

silva, -ae, f . wood, forest.

silvestris, -e, adj. woody, wood-
land.

simia, -ae, f. monkey.

simius, -I, in. monkey.

simul, adv. together, at same
time; w. ac, as sow as.

simulo, 1, pretend, feign, rep-
resent, imitate.

sine, prep, without.

singillatim, adv. singly, one by
one.

singularis, -e, adj. remarkable.

singuli, -ae, -a, adj. one to each,
one apiece, each.

sino, 3,sivl, situs, alhw, permit.

Sinon, -onis, m. Sinon.

sinus, -us, m. b^s^m.

sisto, 3. stitl, status, stop, stay,
check.

sitiens, -entis, adj. thirsty.

sitis, -is, f. thirst.

sive, conj. whether; slve seu,
whether ... or.

societas, -atis, f . alliance, league.

socius, -1, m. ally, partner, com-
panion.

sol, solis, m. sun.

solea, -ae, f. shoe.

soleo, 2, -itus, semi-dep. be
wont, be accustomed.

Solimanus, -I, m. Soliman.

solitus, -a, -urn, part, soleo.

solium, -1, n. throne.

sollemnis, -e, adj. solemn, ap-
pointed, common.

sollicitudo, -inis, f. anxiety,
care.

sollicitus, -a, -urn, adj. anxious,
disturbed, troubled.

solum, adv. only.

solum, -1, n. soil, ground.

solus, -a, -urn, adj. alone, only.

solvo, 3, solvl, solutus, loose,
unbind, weigh anchor, set sail,
pay.

somnium, -I, n. dream.

somnus, -1, m. sleep.

sonitus, -us, m. sound, noise.

sono, 1, -ul, -itus, sound, make
a noise.

sonorus, -a, -um, adj. noisy,
loud, resounding.

sonus, -I, m. sound, noise.

sopor, -oris, m. sleep, slumber.

sordidus, -a, -um, adj. dirty,
unclean, foul.

soror, -oris, f. sister.

sors, -rtis, f. lot, drawing of lot,
decision.

sortior, 4, cast lots, draw lots.

spargo, 3, -si, -sus, strew, scat-
ter, sprinkle.

Spartacus, -i, m. Spartacus.

spatium, -I, n. space, distance.

species, -el, f. figure, kind, ap-
pearance.

spectaculum, -1, n. sight.

specto, 1, look at, look, face,
front.

spelunca, -ae, f. cave, cavern,
den.

sperno, 3, sprevl, spretus, de-
spise, reject, scorn.

spero, 1, hope, expect.

spes, -el, f. hope.

spiritus, -us, m. breath.

splendide, adv. magnificently.

splendidus, -a, -um, adj. splen-
did, fine, handsome, magnif-
icent.

184

VOCABULARY.

spolio, 1, rob, deprive, steal.

(spons, -ontis), f. only abl.
sing. ; w. sua, of one's own
accord, voluntarily.

sponsa, -ae, f. betrothed, sweet-
heart.

sponsus, -I, m. betrothed, lover.

spuma, -ae, f. foam, lather.

stabulum, -1, n. stable, stall.

stagnum, -1, n. pond.

statim,adv. immediately, at once.

static, -onis, f. position, post,
picket-duty.

statuo, 3, -ui, -utus, stop, halt,
decide, conclude, determine.

stella, -ae, f. star.

sto, 1, stetl, status, stand, take
position, stop.

stolidus, -a, -urn, adj. stupid,
dull.

strenuus, -a, -um, adj. vigorous,
active, courageous.

strepitus, -us,m. noise, rustling.

stridor, -oris, m. squeaking.

stringo, 3, -inxi, -ictus, draw,
unsheathe.

struo, 3, -uxi, -uctus, build, de-
vise, arrange.

studium, -I, n. desire, zeal, pur-
suit, study, practice.

stultitia, -ae, f. folly.

stultus, -a, -um, adj. foolish,
stupid, simple.

stupefacio, 3, -feel, -factus,
astonish, stun.

stupens, -entis, adj. astounded,
amazed, struck with astonish-
ment.

suavis, -e, adj. sweet, delightful.

sub, prep, under, close to.

subduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus, with-
draw, remove from under,
steal; draw up, reach.

subeo, -ire, -ii, -itus. undergo,
submit to, sustain, endure.

subici5, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw
or place under.

subito, adv. suddenly.
subitus, -a, -um, adj. sudden,

unexpected.

sublevo, 1, raise, lift, support.
submerge, 3, -si, -sus, sink,

overwhelm, submerge.
submoveo, 2, -niovi, -motus,

remove, supplant.
subsidium, -1, n. help, aid,

protection.
succedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, come

up, succeed, follow.
successus, -us, m. success.
sucus, -I, m. juice, sap.
suffoco, 1, -avi, — , choke,

strangle.

suffragium, -I, n. vote, ballot.
sui, sibi, se, reflex, pron. him-
self, herself, itself, etc.
sum, esse, ful, — , am, be.
summus, -a, -um, sup. adj.

highest; summus mons, the

top of the hill.
sumo, 3, sumpsi, sumptus, take,

take up, seize, exact, injlict.
sumptus, -us, m. expense.
super, prep, over, above.
superbia, -ae, f. pride.
superbus, -a, -um, adj. proud,

haughty.
superior, comp. adj. higher,

preceding.
supero, 1, surpass, conquer,

overcome.
supersum, -esse, -ful, survive,

remain.
suppeto, 3, -Ivi, -itus, be equal

to, suffice.

suppleo, 2, -evi, -etus, flU up.
supplex, -icis, adj. suppliant.
supplicium, -I, n. punishment.
suppono, 3, -posul, -positus,

place under, apply.
supra, adv. above, beyond, be-
fore.
supremus, -a, -um, adj. superl.

highest, latest, last, final.

VOCABULARY.

185

surdus, -a, -urn, adj. deaf, heed-
less.

surgo, 3, surrexi, surrectus, rise,
swell, surge.

sus, suis, m. and f. pig.

suscipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, un-
dertake, incur.

suscit5, 1, arouse.

suspendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, hang.

suspicpr, I, suspect, mistrust.

suspicio, -onis, f. suspicion.

sustineo, 2, -tinul, -tentus,
sustain, endure.

susurrus, -us, m. whisper.

suus, -a, -um, poss. adj. his
own, their own.

Symplegades, -um, f. danger-
ous rocks in the Euxine
Pontus.

T.

taberaa, -ae, f. shop, booth.
tabernaculum, -1, n. tent.
tabesco, 3, -bul, — , pine, waste

away.

taceo, 2, -cui, -citus, be silent.
tacite, adv. silently, quietly.
tacitus, -a, -um, adj. silent,

meditating.
taedet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it

disgusts, wearies.
taenia, -ae, f. ribbon.
taeter, -tra, -trum, adj. repul-
sive, hideous, horrid.
talentum, -i, n. talent.
tails, -e, adj. such.
tarn, adv. so very, so.
tam-diu, adv. so long.
tamen, conj. nevertheless, but.
tamquam, adv. just as, like as.
tandem, adv. at length, at last,

finally ; in questions, pray ?
tango, 3, tetigi, tactus, touch,

strike.
tantus, -a, -um, adj. so great,

as much, such; n. as adv.

only, merely, so much.

tardus, -a, -um, adj. slow.
Tarentum, -I, n. Tarentum.
taurus, -i, m. butt.
tectum, -1, n. roof, house, palace.
tego, 3, texl, tectus, cover, con-
ceal.

telum, -I, n. dart, weapon.
temere, adv. rashly, thought-

tempestas, -atis, f. storm,

weather.

templum, -I, n. temple.
tempus, -oris, n. time, occasion.
tendo, 3, tetendl, tentus or ten-

sus, stretch, draw, bend, aim.
tenebrae, -arum, f. darkness.
teneo, 2, tenul, — , hold, keep to,

follow, keep back, restrain.
tener, -era, -erum, adj. tender,

delicate.

tento, 1, try, attempt, attack.
tenuis, -e, adj. meagre, tltin,

light.

ter, adv. thrice.
tergum, -1, n. back.
termino, 1, bound, limit.
tero, 3, trlvi, trltus, rub.
terra, -ae, f. earth, land.
terreo, 2, -ul, — , alarm, frighten.
terribilis, -e, adj. dreadful.

frightful.

territus, -a, -um, adj. frightened.
terror, -oris, m. fear, fright,

alarm.

tertius, -a, -um, adj. third.
testis, -is, m. and f . witness.
Thebae, -arum, f. Thebes, the

greatest city of Boeotia,
thermae, -arum, f. baths.
thesaurus, -l,m. treasure, hoard.
Theseus, -ei, m. a mythical

king of Athens.
Thessalia, -ae, f. a country

in the northeastern part of

Greece.

Thracia, -ae, f. a country north-
east of Greece.

186

VOCABULARY.

tibia, -ae, f . pipe, flute.
tiblcen, -inis, m. piper, flute-
player.

tigris, -is or idis, m. or f . tiger.
timed, 2, -ul, — , /ear, be afraid,

dread.

Timon. -onis, m. Timon.
timor, -oris, m. /ear, dread,

alarm.

tingo, 3, -nxi, -mctus, dye, tinge.
Titus, -I, m. Titus.
toga, -ae, f . toga, cloak, an outer

garment made of a single

piece of cloth.
tolero, 1, endure, bear.
tollo, 3, sustuli, sublatus, raise,

set up ; ancoras, weigh , hoist ;

take away, remove.
tondeo, 2, totondl, tonsus, cut,

shave.

tonsor, -oris, m. barber.
torqueo, 2, torsi, tortus, twist,

turn.

torquis, -is, m. necklace, chain.
torreo, 2, torrul, tostus, burn,

bake, cook.
torvus, -a, -um, adj. grim,

fierce, savage.

tostus, -a, -um, part, torreo.
tot, adj. indecl. so many.
totus, -a, -um, adj. all, the whole.
trabs, trabis, f. beam, timber.
tracto, 1 , handle, feel of.
trado, 3, -didl, -ditus, hand

over, deliver up, surrender;

recount, tell.
traho, 3, traxi, tractus, draw,

drag.

Traianus, -i, m. Tray.
traicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, carr^

across, transport.
trano. 1, swim across.
tranquille, adv. quietly.
tranquillitas, -atis, f. calmness,

stillness, calm, quiet.
tranquillus, -a, -um, adj. quiet,

calm, still.

trans, prep, across, beyond, on
the other side of.

transeo, -ire, -il, -itus, cross
over, cross.

transfigo, 3, -xl, -xus, pierce
through, stab.

transfodio, 3, -fodi, -fossus,
pierce through, run through,
stab.

transmitto, 3, -misl, -missus,
cross, send over.

transports, 1, carry across.

transvolo, I, fly across.

trecenti, -ae, -a, num. adj. three
hundred.

tres, tria, num. adj. three.

tribuo, 3, -ui, -utus, give, bestow,
assign, render.

tributum, -I, n. tribute.

triginta, num. adj. thirty.

tristia, -ae, f. sadness, grief,
gloom.

tristis, -e, f. sad, gloomy, mel-
ancholy.

Troia, -ae, f. Troy.

truncus, -!, m. trunk.

tu, pron. you, thou.

tuba, -ae, f. trumpet.

tubicen, -inis, m. trumpeter.

turn, adv. then.

tumultus, -us, m. tumult, up-
roar, confusion.

tumulus, -1, m. mound, bank of
earth, dike.

tunica, -ae, f. tunic, shirt.

turba, -ae, f. crowd, throng.

turbo, 1, disturb, throw into
confusion.

turbo, -inis, m. whirlwind, hur-
ricane.

turbulentus, -a, -um, adj.
troublesome, boisterous, dis-
ordered.

turpis, -e, adj. base, disgraceful.

turris, -is, f. tower.

tussis, -is, f. cough,

tutus, -a, -um, adj. safe, secure.

VOCABULARY.

187

tuus, -a, -urn, poss. adj. your,
yours.

ubi, adv. where, where? when.

ubique, adv. everywhere.

udus. -a, -urn, adj. wet, moist.

ulciscor, 3, ultus, avenge one's
self or take vengeance on,

_ punish.

Ulixes, -i or -el, Ulysses.

ullus, -a, -um, adj. any.

ulterior, -us, comp. ad], further.

ultimus, -a, -um, adj. farthest,
last, latest.

ultra, adv. beyond, past.

(ululatus, -us), m. howling,
crying.

umbra, -ae, f. shade, shadow.

umerus, -i, m. shoulder.

umquam, adv. ever.

una, adv. together with.

unda, -ae, f. wave.

unde, adv. from which, whence.

undecim, num. adj. eleven.

undique, adv. from all parts,
all around, everywhere.

unguentum, -i, n. ointment.

unguis, -is, abl. -e, m. nail,
claw, talon.

unguo or ungo, 3, unxi, unctus,
smear, rub, anoint.

unicus, -a, -um, adj. single.

universus, -a, -um, adj. all to-
gether.

unus, -a, -um, num. adj. one.

urbanus, -a, -um, adj. of the
city, city-, town-.

urbs, -bis, f. city.

urged, 2, ursi, — , press on,
drive.

urd, 3, tissi, ustus, burn, con-
sume, dry, parch.

ursa, -ae, f. she-bear.

usque, adv. up to.

usus, -us, *m. use, value, service.

ut, conj., with indie, as, when ;

with subj. in order that, so

that.
uter, -tris, m. leather bottle, skin

(of wine).
uter, -tra, -tram, interrog. adj.

which of two ?
uterque, utra-, utrum-, adj.

each of two, each, both.
utilis, -e, adj. useful, suitable.
utilitas, -at is, f. advantage,

benefit, welfare.
utinam, adv. would that.
utor, 3, usus, use, employ ; sail.
utrimque, adv. on both sides,

one on each side.
utrum, adv. whether.
uxor, -oris, f. wife.

vacca, -ae, f. cow.

vacuus, -a, -um, adj. empty, idle.

vado, 3, — , — , walk, go.

vadum, -I, n. ford, shallow.

vagor, 1, wander, rove.

valde, adv. strongly, intensely,
very.

valeo, 2, -ul, -iturus, be strong,
be able, well, have power, suc-
ceed ; vale, good-bye.

validus, -a, -um, adj. strong,
stout, powerful.

vallis, -is, f. valley.

vallum, -i, n. rampart, wall,
barricade.

vanus, -a, -um, adj. empty,
groundless.

varius, -a, -um, adj. of different
colors, different, diverse.

Varus, -i, m. Varus.

vas, vasis, n. vessel, pot (pi.
vasa, -orum) , jar.

vasto, 1, ravage, lay waste, ruin.

vastus, -a, -um, adj. waste, im-
mense.

188

VOCABULARY.

vehementer, adv. violently,
eagerly, earnestly, strongly.

veho, 3, vexl, vectus, carry,
convey ; pass, ride, sail.

Veil, -orum, m. Veil.

vellus, -eris, n. pelt, fleece.

velum, -i, n. sail.

velut or veluti, adv. just as,as if.

venatio, -onis, f. hunting.

venator, -oris, m. hunter.

vendo, 3, -did!, -ditus, sell.

venenum, -I, n. poison, magic
drug.

venia, -ae, f. grace, pardon, for-
giveness.

venio, 4, vem, ventus, come.

venor, 1, hunt.

venter, -tris, m. belly.

ventus, -I, m. wind.

ver, veris, n. spring.

(verber), -eris, n. lash, whip,
blow.

verbero, 1, lash, beat, strike.

verbum, -I, n. word.

vereor, 2, veritus, fear, be
afraid.

vero, adv. indeed, in fact, how-
ever, but.

Verres, -is, m. Verres.

verro, 3, — , — , brush, sweep.

verso, 1, turn; pass, be engaged,
be.

verto, 3, verti, versus, turn,
turn back.

veru, -us, n. spit (for roasting).

verum, adv. truly, but, yet.

verus, -a, -um, adj. true; adv.
phrase, re vera, in very truth,
actually, in fact.

vesanus, -a, -um, adj. mad,
wild, maddening, raging'

vescor, 3, — , enjoy, eat, feed.

vesper, -erl and -eris, m. even-
ing.

vesperi, adv. in the evening.

vester, -tra, -trum, poss. adj.
your, yours.

vestigium, -I, n. footstep, trace.
vestimentum, -i, n. garment.
vestio, 4, dress, clothe.
vestis, -is, f. garment, robe.
veto, 1, -ul, -itus, forbid.
vexo, 1, injure, annoy, molest.
via, -ae, f. way, street, road,

gap, path, drive.
viator, -oris, m. traveller.
vicmus, -a, -um, adj. neighbor-
ing ; as noun, m. neighbor.
victor, -oris, m. conqueror.
victoria, -ae, f. victory.
victus, -us, m. nourishment,

sustenance, food.
vicus, -i, m. village, hamlet,

district, street.

video, 2, vidi, visus, see, perceive.
videor, 2, visus, seem, appear.
viduus, -a, -um, adj. widowed,

bereft.
vigilanter, adv. watchfully,

carefully.

vigilantia, -ae, f. watchfulness.
vigilia, -ae, f. wakefulness,

watch, guard.
vigilo, 1, watch, guard.
viginti, num. adj. twenty.
vilis, -e, adj. cheap, worthless.
villa, -ae, f. country house,

villa, farm.
vimen, -inis, n. pliant twig,

withe, osier.
vincio, 4, vinxi, vinctus, tie,

bind, fetter.
vinco, 3, vlci, victus, conquer,

vanquish.

vinculum, -I, n. chain, bond.
vindico, 1, lay claim to, demand,

appropriate.
vinum, -I, n. wine.
violentia, -ae, f.fury, vehemence.
viold, 1, profane, dishonor,

violate, break.
vir, virl, m. man, husband.
virga, -ae, f. rod, stick.
virgo, -inis, f. maiden, girl,

VOCABULARY.

189

virgultum, -I, n. thicket, shrub-
bery.

viridis, -e, adj. green.

virilis, -e, adj. manly, man's.

virtus, -utis, f. courage, vir-
tue.

vis (vis), i. force, power, might,
violence ,- pi. vires, -ium,
powers, strength.

viso, 3, -si, -sus, see, view, go
to see, visit.

visus, -us, m. sight, vision, ap-
pearance.

vita, -ae, f. life.

vitium, -I, n. fault, defect.

vito, 1, avoid, shun.

vitulus, -I, m. calf.

vivo, 3, vlxi, — , live, dwell,
reside.

vivus, -a, -um, adj. alive, living.

vix, adv. hardly, scarcely.

voco, 1, call, summon, invite.

Volcanus, -I, m. Vulcan, god
of fire.

volg5, 1, publish, proclaim.

volgo, adv. publicly, before all
the world.

volito, I, fly to and fro, flit
about, hover.

volnero, 1, wound, injure, hurt.
volnus, -eris, n. wound, injury,

hurt.

volo, I, fly.
volo, velle, volul, — , wish, be

willing.

volpes, -is, f. fox.
voltur, -uris, m. vulture.
voltus, -us, m. face, counte-
nance, looks, expression, eyes.
volucer, -cris, -ere, adj. winged ;

as noun, f. (sc. avis), flying

creature, bird.
voluptas, -atis, f. pleasure,

choice.
volvo, 3, volvi, volutus, roll,

ponder, meditate.
vos, pi. of tu, you.
votum, -I, n. vow, prayer, wish.
vox, vocis, f. voice.

Zend, -onis, m. Zeno, a philos-
opher.

Zephyrus, -I, m. zephyr, a
gentle west wind.

Zetes, -ae, m. an Argonaut, son
of the north wind.

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