j-aepanenr se >On PBN ONE Wr ee enteg OPEN banhge. teed iter bee heer — ; Panmmesecrertrirey cemeawionreneie PORTE re wate Peemead > a hope pa ; peerenhabehtiet inde ee eee eereeseee 8 oe sername pines . re wrieet ent wy ccnamitn oA ; o by oe nad erento 18 eran ep rr obey wre eka tata + voids evn, ;, a jena) MD ee nd pubes: R ee Dusati sind d> _ o nee sine led et ep PRO Te A tet e me 8 * ; ct gan te Sette _ eee ne avjatn ie aie rs Sinko Minds abled hthdt-aednehamdeektn. owe ibe ree © Ra Ons Mibrs ss uel og eg eer Oeaen Ba Perey rl x Mi r . UP ee Se at Pd Ue ir a oy % eee ae HGS Tec FT b a : Py bs ace A pa kd Nets y te 7 Pies i,’ ais Ser Ree Us ee ce ~y ’ i ' ih i) Re = 2 7 rae? ‘ a ) Pah, ieee y ro ae one Bes ne a> tht A ad , i ~ ‘ - ¥ ; * Po ‘ %, bs Z ee = ; ues , J , eats te: | ae 7 he ig n | Y i cy 4 tf { pats . hy a } oud 1 “9 aed rm 1} 4 . 44 208 he “ yy ' d ir > i : ; : : yubne * OF i eat i an F, etn rg ae Ae : ; y is 7 - ways ae Sarena Bia VaR ee i 4 be | au z m4 7 » & A of i, ia mn eds ae er =a 7 fn te wigs ke oy NO at LA » 5 4 at aN > ¢ i f f | MRE Ny MAM Ce PMN deca Tit Sian teh. RG Caer | ‘ : . car PELE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL, XXII. MAY, 1908, to APRIL, 1909. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS: H. A. PILsBry, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences, PHILADELPHIA. C, W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History, BOSTON, INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXII INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Acharax Dall, n. gen. of Solemya , ; A MIN Achatinellidz, Description of new species of ; 67 Acteon “esailiine var. multannulatus Aldr., n. var. (Pl. v, feeb) : : ‘ 3 t ; 206 Alabama, A week at eiboce ; d . : F n98 Alcadia pusilla intermedia Pils.,n. var. : ! . 96 Amnicolide from Alabama ; : : : : . 85 Ampulla Bolten, Type of . : : 5 : : . 83 Ancey, C. F. (obituary, portrait) : : : ’ Hoe Andrews, Mrs. George (obituary) i : 60 Arca (Barbatia) lignitifera Aldr. (Pl. V, figs. 6 1) A a Ashmunella kochii Clapp, n. sp. (PI. VIII, fig. i 5 ue TT Bifidaria armifera Say . F : : et 108, 110 Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & pidppyni sp. (Pl. VIII, fig. 7). 126 Bifidaria (Chzenaxis) tuba intuscostata Clapp, n. suis sp. (Pl VID) : : 3 76, 96 Bifidaria clappi Storki, n. ay (PIL. VIII, fig. 4), : . 108 Bittium hiloense Pils. & Van., n. sp. (fig. 1) I : - 66 Brachiopods, Some new, F . : ‘ , et.) Czcum johnsoni Winkley, n, sp. : : : ‘ oh be Californian Mollusks, Miscellaneous notes on j peas 17 Cancellaria ? sotoensis Aldr., (Pl. V, fig. 3) : ; Male: Chloritis tosanus okiensis Pils. & Hir, , , q . 44 Clappia clappi Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 1,4,7) . . 89 (iii ) iv THE NAUTILUS. Clappia, n. gen. . : . 89 Corbula clarksana Ma n. a (PL. V; fee Ai 5) y te Celocentrum hinkleyi Pils. a Mie) Cem t * : : : . 138 Ceelocentrum ischnostele Pils.,n. sp. |. . : : . 139 Coryphella mananensis Stimp. . : : f ; Pat > Cratena gymnota (Couth.) . : ‘ : ~ MS Cuban notes 3 ‘ : ; : : of oie Cyprea annette Dall, n. n. ; : : : 3 . 125 Cyprea californiana Gray . ; : : : ; . 126 Cyprea caputdraconis Nielv. : ; ; i . 126 Cyprea costispunctata Gask.. : : ; : . 126 Cyprea gracilis, Notes on . : : ; 5 - Cyprea miliaris var. nivea Preston, n. var. - { ‘138 Cyprea robertsi Hid. : F ‘ 5 : : . 125 Cyprea sowerbyi aca ; : . 125 Cyprea xanthodon var. cemediae Prenton, nis pvr. | Ht 121 Danish Molluscan fauna, A small addition to the knowledge ofthe. : } ; S E : : ae Dendronotus coaeene ; . : : : he Diplommatina okiensis Pils. & Hir: L . : i jt Euglandina liebmanni (Pfr.) ‘ ! i E i . 114 Epitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi Dall.,n. sp. . ; : . 80 Erato albescens Dall. : : : , . 126 Euconulus fulvus and E. pace teenie: : i : ee Exotic Vivipara in California. : : ; , » 138 Facelina bostonensis Couth. ; ; : : : . 16 False shells g : : , ! pare Ferguson, David W. (obinuars) : . 124 Ganesella ferruginea okiensis Pils. & Hir., n: subsp. i . 44 Ganesella myomphala euomphala Pils. & Hie. : q 44 Helicostyla ae togolandensis Pils., n. paar CPL TY, fis. 5, 6) ¢ : : ; ; \ . AT Helix eepnstenan var. rocco : : : : . 72 Helix hortensis, A note on : : : ‘ : 30, 52 Heron held prisoner by aclam . 82 Holospira bartschi Pils. & Clapp, n. = (Pi. ‘VIII el 5, 6). 114 Holospira goldmani Bartsch. ; : J [ . 115 Homalogyra atomus in New England) : ! : . 95 Hyriine and Unionine, Remarks on the subfamilies . . 106 THE : NAUTILUS. Vv Ianthina globosa in California . ! ! ; Y J Japan, Land shells of the Oki Islands : : t . 41 Kaliella okiensis Pils. & Hir.,n. sp. . : i . 45 Kaliella geetanoi Pils. & vane n. sp. (fig. 1) : \ Wut Kellia interstriata Aldrich, n. sp. (Pl. V, iy Ra Pat te 0: Kendig, Rev. A. B. (onan) : ‘ : ; od Le Lamellidoris aspera . : : F : , V5 Laminella aspersa Baldwin, n. ap. : : : , W168 Laminella duoplicata Baldwin, n. sp. . : ; : . 68 Lampsilis iridella Pils. & irietson 1, Sp-. 2 : : pres) | Laqueus morsei Dall, n. sp. 4 : : 3/0/29 Lepton vaughani tte n. spo (el Mi fig. 12) : ‘ Le CRG Leptopoma fe eprendence Pils. n. sp. (Pl. FV, fig: 13,2) . 46 Leptopoma tagolandense var. Pamala Pils., n. var. . 46 Limax flavus. : : : é : . 66 Littorina, The festlinmens Oe : : . 83 Lymnea bakeri Walker, n. sp. (PI. I, figs. as 12) : Weta is Lymnea cubensis Pfr. : : 7, 19 Lymnea cyclostoma Walker, n. om (PL. 1g ies 4) J 7,19 Lymnea davisi Walker, n, sp. (Pl. II, figs. 9, 10) s yin Lymnea desidiosa (Pl. 11; Pl. IID) . ; : PULSE ZO Lymnea desidiosa var. Bae Walker, n. var. (Pl. II, 1 ee : : : , 9, 16 Lymnea florissantica Gocneree n. a : : A . 69 Lymnea hendersoni Baker, n. sp. ; : : , . 140 Lymneza marginata . ; : : : . t 5,18 Lymneza obrussa Say . : ; f . 22 Lymnea palustris, Formation of ovtanesean by . E wl Sa Lymnea petoskeyensis Walker, n. sp. (Pl. I, figs. 3, 5, 7). 6,18 Lymnea pilsbryana Walker, n. sp. (Pl. I, ee 2, 85 Ube as Lymnea stagnalis var. perampla Walker, n. var. (Pl. II, figs. 5, 6) : . : ck ‘ d : ’ 8,19 Lymnea umbilicata . : : ; : : : 1,19 Lymneas, New Michigan . ‘ q ; 4,16 Maine, Additional shells found in iosetaae County VR Maine, Fossil and living shells found in Little Mud Lake, Westland (Aroostook County) ; : : : . 105 Martyn’s Universal Conchology . 4 ; : : sola Meseschiza grosvenorii Lea . : : ‘ j . 56 vi THE NAUTILUS. Mexico, Notes on shells collected at Balsas 114 Minnesota Mollusks, Records of 119 Mitramorpha eocenensis Aldrich, n. ap (fig.) 13 Mollusca of Keene, New Hampshire 32 Nason collection : : 10 Nassa perpinguis var. pimorints Berne n. var. 39 New England fauna, Shells new to the 95 New Mexico, Mollusks from around Albuquerque 103 Nitidella hendersoni Dall., n. sp. i 31 Notes and news : : Ay git LP 33, 59, (ly 89, 95, 122 Nudibrauch records, Two interesting New England 13 Opisthobranchiata, Northern 5 Eas Palio lessonii 15, 16 Paludestrina salsa Pils. 53, 82 Partulina mutabilis Baldwin, n. sp. 68 Partulina winniei Baldwin, n. sp. 67 Pearl hunting in the Fox River, Illinois 122 Petrasma Dall., n. subgenus of Solemya Lee Pholadomya pacifica Dall., n. sp. 115, 142 Physa sayi . ; ; 19 Pisidium in Massauhnsetton Als Planorbis bicarinatus . . 122 Planorbis bicarinatus feqisasies Baker n. var. 45 Pleurobema tombigbeanum Frierson, n. sp. (PI. TID). 27 Polygyra matermontana Pils. 114 Polygyra mooreana : : : . 66 Publications received . : ; : : 34, 47, 83, 96, 122 Pyrgulopsis wabashensis 56 San Diego, Mollusca dredged at . 134 Scala, Apounes large miocene 80 Shells collected at Balsas, Guerrero, Mesice: ie Walter E. Koch in Dec., 1908 . . 114 Showalter collection eb Sicily, Shells of . ‘ . 128 Sigaretus (Eunaticina) breeedes Adee ni. We (PL. V, figs: 8, 9) 5 : , s d i PaaS. 5, Solemya a ee Solemya (Aches er fecha Dall. wns ap 61 Solenomyacide, A revision of the 1 THE NAUTILUS. vil Somatogyrus decipiens Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 10,11). 86 Somatogyrus hendersoni Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, fig.2) . 87 Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 8,9) . 87 Somatogyrus pygmeus Walker, n. sp. (Pl. VI, fig. 3) 501/88 Spherium pilsbryanum Sterki, n. sp. . : ; ; . 141 Strange shells. : ; : ; ; : LL Strobilops, Notes on the ane: : : E ‘ A aa fe Strobilops quadrasi and S. trochospira , shh ae Stylommatophora, Some notes on the feeoeee ice of . 49 Tagolanda, Land shells of . 3 d . 46 Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis Dall., n. . i iets) Texas, List of the shells from Amarillo 4 : uate, Texas, Mollusca of McLennan County : 21( 63 Torinia discoidea sterkii Pils. & Van., n. subsp. (fig: 9) ane Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir., n. subsp. . 43 Trivia galapagensis, Notes on . : : ; nll Trivia mangeriz, Note on . ; . 3 : ie Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) eran : 39 Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) thaanumi Pils. & va ee aban (fig. 3). : 58 Unionide, Samplemmertany Cte on the breeding seasons ofthe. - : : ny Unionide in eres leans The trecding season of . 91, 99 Unioninz and Hyriine, Remarks on the sub-families . 106 Valvata humeralis californica Pils.,n. subsp... 4 a4 re Verrill collection : ; : i Verticordia (Haliris) nent dRAse atae ils op. (PI. Vj fig: 10). 7 Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, n. sp. . : f : : : i Vesicomya ticaonica Dall., n. sp. : : : t 2) 63 Vivipara lecythoides Bens. in California. , 4 . 33 Waldheimia raphealis var. albida : ; : é . 80 Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G. (obituary) : ; : : . 124 INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrich, T. H. : , 5 : , f , ma 3407 (| Baker, F.C. . 3 g ‘ : : ‘ : 20, 45, 140 Balch, Francis N. . : : : . A : ~ | 1359 Baldwin, D..D:.. . : : ; : : ; d GY Berry, 8.5... ; : : : : : : .) Share Bryant, Owen : : Seg! : I ; : | Button, Fred. L. . ; 3 : : , ; : 10, 11 Clapp, Geo. H. : : : : ; : . | 76a Cockerell, T. D. A. ; : : . : : ne Conner, Chas. H. . : : : : : ; : Ape WE Coolidge, Jr., Wm. H. 5 : : eee Dall W. H.. E : : i 28, 31, 51, $0, 116, 125, 142 Daniels, L. E. : : : : : | ALES Ferriss, J. H. : ; ; ; 3 : : : . 108 Frierson, L. 8. : ; : ! ; 2) SRA Bi aie Gripp, C. W. : ‘ : ; : Z ; A . 134 Hannibal, Harold . , : , , J i : 8s Henderson, Jr., J.B... : : ‘ : L : 3,9 Hinkley, Anson A, 5 : ; ; : : t . 56 Hirase, Y. . ; ! : ; , 4 ; ae Johnson, C. W. . : : c , ‘ : . 70, 123 Keene, L. A. 5 : , ‘ ; : , : . 122 Macfarland, F. M. : : : : ; : ; aS Morse, Edward §8. : : 4 : 4 95 Nylander, Olof O.. : : : ; : 19, 30, 105, 143 Ortmann, A. EK... ; 4 . | Sep Pilsbry, H. A., 25, 41, 46, 56, 73, 78, 81, 83, 96, 103, 115, 123, 138 Preston, H. B. : : : : , : . 121 Bonleseh, Hans. . . : , ; L : . 54 Smith, Maa el : ‘ : : L 4 f { . 128 Smith, H. H. ; : 5 : [ : : me Eh Sterki,; V. “. : : ‘ ‘ é : 49, 107, 126, 141 Strecker, Jr., John K. . : ! E : 5 ae Vanatta, E.G... : 5 ‘ A; : . . Bb as Walker, Bryant . : : f 3 ; : - 4,16, 85 Walker, R. D. - : ; : : 5 ; : : oe Wheeler, Rev. H. E. q : ‘ : : : 97 Winkley, Rev. Henry W. . ‘ : 2 oy OSs 5A, 113 (vill) ‘ad » . : wei x 7 g Pas oe ew or a eet Eng =-* a aoa ‘ By > i» = S ‘te 4 va, - h ‘ea Ea: te ea ee G.Fo ANCEY 1860-1906 Imp. Berthaud ee: NUT LLUS: Vou. XXII. MAY, 1908. No. 1. A REVISION OF THE SOLENOMYACIDZ. BY WM. H. DALL. Having recently to review the species of the Lamarckian genus Solemya, and having nearly all the known species for study it was a surprise to find that the group contains three well marked subgenera and several subordinate sections. A full account is in preparation, meanwhile the following synopsis may serve to call attention to the subject : Genus SoLeMyA Lamarck, 1818. I. Subgenus Solemya s. s. Ligament amphidetic, chiefly internal. Type S. australis La- marck. Ligament appearing on the internal face of the valve in advance of the chondrophore. A. Proximal part of the chondrophore prolonged as a thickened ridge part way across the interior surface of the valve, S. australis Lam. B. Base of the chondrophore divided, anterior part extended as a narrow ridge ; posterior part forming a thickened prop to the chon- drophore ; exposed ligament linear. S. parkinsonti Gray. C. Chondrophore thickened, without props or extended rib. 8S. solen v. Salis. 2 THE NAUTILUS. II. Subgenus Petrasma Dall, nov. Ligament not exposed inter- nally in front of the chondrophore ; type S. borealis Totten. A. Chondrophore supported by two strong props with a deep cavity between them. 1. S. borealis Totten. 2. S. velum Say. B. Chondrophore with an anterior prop extended as a slender rib in front of the adductor scar; no posterior prop. 1. S. occidentalis Deshayes. 2. S. pusilla Gould. 3. S. panamensis Dall, n. sp. C. Chondrophore without props. 4S. valvulus Carpenter. III. Subgenus Acharazx Dall, nov. Ligament opisthodetic, wholly external, visible internally only where it crosses the gap between the margins of the valves. Nymphs without props. Type S. johnsoni Dall. 1. S. johnsoni Dall. 2. S. patagonica E. A. Smith. 3. S. agassizii Dall, n, sp. 4, S. ventricosa Conrad, fossil. 5. S. grandis Verrill and Bush. Nores.—S. togata (Poli) auct., and S. mediterranea Lamarck, are synonyms of S. solen. SS. japonica Dunker, is the adult of S, pusilla Gould. 8. macrodactyla Rochebrune and Mabille is probably identi- cal with S. patagonica, though the unique type of the latter seems pathologically callous dorsally. S. protecta Conrad, if not the young of S. ventricosa Conrad, from the Miocene of Oregon, probably belongs to Petrasma. S. occidentalis Deshayes, is common to the Mediterranean, West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. S. panamensis extends from off Santa Barbara, Cal., to Panama Bay; S. valvulus Carpenter, from San Pedro, Cal., to the Gulf of California; S. agassizizi from off Tilla- mook Bay, Oregon, south to Aguja Point, Peru, in 1036-1800 fathoms, and S. johnsoni Dall, from Puget Sound to Panama Bay in 60 to 1740 fathoms. The rarity of these species, and the fact that they usually break up into fragments in drying, are probably the reasons why the remark- able differences between the hinges of the different species have not previously attracted attention. THE NAUTILUS. 3 CUBAN NOTES. BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR. Mr. C. T. Simpson and the writer this winter yielded to the call of the wild, and we have just concluded another of our collecting orgies in the Antilles. This time we descended upon Cuba, and all of those delights of the chase formerly experienced together in the mountains of Jamaica and Haiti we renewed in this island of con- chological joys. Now the collector with two months at his disposal can pretty well clean up Jamaica, barring, of course, the rareties and the elusive small fry, but Cuba is an altogether different proposition. The island be- comes surprisingly large after leaving Havana, and then it is only in the mountains that the really good picking is to be found. Then, too, the mountains seem always to be far away from the railroad or the towns where accommodations are to be found. If all the exten- sive plains and lowlands of Cuba could be eliminated by some Alad- din’s lamp process and the mountain systems shoved up together, as they are in Jamaica, then indeed Cuba would present a field to the snail-hunter that no other place on earth could equal. The moun- tains are excessively rich in molluscan life, and the species found are for the most part of exceptional beauty and interest. The lowlands are not wholly without their mollusks, only there they are more scattered and difficult to find. The range of the lowland species seems to be much greater than that of the mountain forms. In fact one may travel all day by train and still find quite the same species of land shells. In the moutains, however, the distribution of species is often very restricted, sometimes to one side only of one particular hill. But as a rule a species occurring typically at a certain spot in a range of mountains gradually changes through varietal forms as one follows the range until it acquires a new name, and perhaps still another one later on. Thus it is in Cuba there are so many species of Urocoptis, of Chondropoma, of Helicina, Eutrochatella, etc., which belong to strongly-defined groups having a central typical form. One is constantly trying to verify a suspicion that the central typical form represents the ancestor that lived upon the higher land and sur- vived a subsidence of the lower country, and that the other forms of the group are the descendants that have wandered away into new 4 THE NAUTILUS. surroundings and conditions as the island was raised to its present altitude. There is need for much study on the distribution and evolutionary history of the Cuban land shells, and perhaps right here will be found the answers to some Cuban geological problems that fairly call aloud to the traveler. There is evidence, for instance, that Cuba was not very Jong ago divided and separated into several islands—a large east and a large west one—with several smaller islands lying between and projecting high above a shallow sea. Almost beyond question there has been a considerable exchange of species between Florida and that portion of Cuba lying directly south of Florida. This may be accounted for most plausibly by the migrating water fowl which divide their seasons between the great swamps of this portion of Cuba, the Everglades in Florida and the more northern waters of the United States. If the editors of the Nautiius can afford me space later on I would like to give accounts of some of our personal experiences in the field, particularly about the southern edge of the great Zapata swamp, at Vignales in the Organ Mountains of Pinar del Rio, and finally of our race to catch those two most astonishing shells, Uro- coptis elliott? and U. dautzenbergiana, which live only upon the lofty cliffs of two isolated mountains near Guane. NEW MICHIGAN LYMNZAS. BY BRYANT WALKER. A careful review of the Lymnzas of Michigan, incident to the preparation of Part II of the Michigan Catalogue, has increased the number of species represented in the state fauna from 18 as recorded in 1894 (Rev. Mich. Moll., p. 11), to 28 at the present time. In the material examined, the following forms occurred, which seem worthy of specific or varietal recognition : Lymnea pilsbryana n. sp., Pl. I, figs. 2, 8-11. Shell ovate-conic, slightly perforate; dark brownish-yellow, fre- quently tinged with purple, with a light line just below the suture ; whorls 5, convex, with a deeply impressed suture, the three apical whorls small, forming a short conical apex, penultimate whorl twice THE NAUTILUS. 5 as long as the three preceding, inflated and convex, body-whorl large and well rounded ; lines of growth strong and regular, cut by numer- ous fine spiral lines giving a shagreened appearance to the surface, in some specimens the last half of the body whorl is obsoletely mal- leated ; aperture broadly oval, somewhat more than one-half of the entire length of the shell, dark brownish-yellow within, with a liver colored band just within the lip; lip sharp, regularly rounded and slightly expanded toward the basal margin ; columella thick, white with a strong fold, broadly reflected over and appressed to the axial region, leaving only a very small perforation, and connected with the upper insertion of the lip by a broad white and rather thick (for the genus) callus; axis thick, solid, twisted. Alt. (Fig. 8) 22; diam. 134; length of ap. 13; width 10 mm. Alt. (Fig. 11) 24; diam. 14; length of ap. 14; width 10 mm. Type (No, 21345, coll. Walker) from Washington Harbor, Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Mich. Cotypes in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy and Chicago Academy of Sciences. Immature specimens of this species were first taken by the Uni- versity of Michigan expedition of 1904, and in the report of that trip (Rep. Geol. Surv. Mich., 1905, Separate, p. 97) was stated to be ‘related to L. sumasst Bd., but probably undescribed.” The expedition of 1905 was fortunate in securing fully-matured specimens. And a comparison of these with a photograph of cotypes of sumassi from the British Museum, kindly furnished by Mr. F. C. Baker, of Chicago, showed that the two forms were entirely dis- similar. The affinities of pilsbryana are entirely with L. emarginata Say, a species of general distribution through the Great Lakes from Saginaw Bay northward. It differs from that species in its darker color, more inflated whorls, especially those of the spire, and the entire absence of the emargina- tion characteristic of that species. L. emarginata was also found on Isle Royale, and there main- tained the acute conical spire with a less impressed suture charac- teristic of the usual form of that species. The axis of the Isle Royale emarginata (fig. 1) is more slender, more curved and less twisted than that of pilsbryana (fig. 2). Both of these figures are made from immature specimens. 6 THE NAUTILUS. Lymneza petoskeyensis n. sp., Pl. I, fig. 3, 5-7. Shell elongate oval, acutely conic, perforate; thin, pale horn- color, almost white, translucent ; whorls 6, regularly increasing, con- vex, with a well impressed suture ; spire elongated, acutely conical, apical whorl minute ; body whorl somewhat inflated, elongate oval ; lines of growth fine and regular, cut by numerous very fine revolv- ing, spiral lines, surface more or less malleated ; aperture oval, sub- angulate above and rounded below, slightly more than one-half the entire length of the shell; lip thin and sharp; columella nearly straight without any fold, inner lip expanded and reflected over the round deep umbilicus and continued as a thick white callus over the parietal wall; where this callus passes over the umbilicus toward the basal margin it is abruptly depressed into the umbilical opening, forming a well marked furrow between the columella and the parietal wall, and giving the appearance of a twist to the face of the columellar enlargement, but the columella itself is scarcely affected by it; the axis is large for the size of the shell, without any trace of a fold, and nearly cylindrical, the base of the preceding whorl abruptly flattened around the insertion of the upper end of tke pillar. Alt. (Fig. 5) 23.5, diam. 11.25, ap. length 13, width 8 mm. Alt. (Fig. 6) 24.5, diam. 11, ap. length 13.5, width 7.5 mm. Alt. (Fig. 7) 25, diam. 10.5, ap. length 12, width 7 mm. Types (No. 14347 coll. Walker) from a small spring-brook flow- ing into Little Traverse Bay, near Petoskey, Mich. Cotypes in the collections of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. This species was at first supposed to be a very thin, fragile form of the elongate variety of L. catascopium, characteristic of the lake region. But upon cutting into the shell, the peculiar shape of the axis forbade its reference to that species. Under Dr. Dall’s arrangement of Lymnea (Harr. Exp. XIII, p. 64) it would belong to the section Galba. Compared with L. desi- diosa Say, (Fig. 4) the axis of petoskeyensis (Fig. 3) is proportion- ately much larger, more elongated and more cylindrical, but the general features of both are the same. The peculiar contraction of the base of the whorl around the upper end of the pillar, so remark- ably developed in petoskeyensis, is present, but not at all marked, in desidiosa. ‘The umbilicus in petoskeyensis is round and deep, and is more conspicuous in the immature shells, as the expansion of the broadly reflected columella nearly covers it in the adult. THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE I. NEW MICHIGAN LYMNAS@AS. THE NAUTILUS, XXII PLATES: NEW MICHIGAN LYMNAZAS ee ky De pay, eee THE NAUTILUS. 7 The little brook, only a few hundred feet long, in which the species lives, is also the type locality for Physa walkert Crandall. Lymnea cyclostoma n. sp. PI. II, fig. 4. Shell ovate conic, turreted, umbilicate, light yellowish horn- colored, shining ; lines of growth fine, irregular, subobsolete on the body whorl, stronger on the apical whorls, reticulated by indistinct revolving, impressed spiral lines. Spire elongated, apex subacute ; whorls 5, very convex, those of the spire somewhat shouldered, suture deeply impressed ; body whorl large, inflated, very convex. Aperture broad oval, subcircular, rounded above and below. Colu- mella broadly reflected over the round, deep umbilicus, convex, smooth with no fold, parietal wall with a thin transparent callus. Lip sharp, but thickened within by a heavy white callus. Alt. 7.5, diam. 3.25 mm. Types (No. 13599 Coll. Walker) from Indian Creek, Kent County, Mich. Also from Alma, Gratiot County, Mich. This very distinct little species was first collected by Dr. R. J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Mich., and was listed as L. cubensis Pfr. (umbilicata C. B. Ads.) in my Review of the Moll. Fauna of Michi- gan (1894). Through the courtesy of Mr. E. A. Burt, curator of the Museum of Middlebury College, I have been able to examine the specimen of L. umbilicata deposited in that museum by Adams, and for comparison have figured it (fig. 1). The two species are so obviously distinct that verbal comparison is hardly necessary. L. cyclostoma differs in its more elevated, turreted spire, more broadly reflected columella and thickened white lip. It resembles wmbilicata, however, in the sculpture, and is no doubt derived from the same stock. In this connection it may not be out of place to add that the inspection of the authentic specimen of ZL. wnbilicata confirms Dr. Pilsbry’s reference of that species to L. cubensis Pfr. It is evidently distinct from ZL. caperata Say, and its reference to that species as a synonym by Haldeman, Tryon, Binney and others is quite erroneous. The Middlebury specimen is not quite mature. It has 44 whorls and measures 6 mm. in height and 4 mm. in diameter. For further comparison I have figured (Fig. 2) a Rhode Island specimen, which is apparently typical; the dimensions (6.5 x 4.25) agreeing almost precisely with those given by Adams. It is however, somewhat 8 THE NAUTILUS. more inflated than the Middlebury specimen. The apparent fold on the columella is evidently an individual malformation, as it does not appear in any of the other specimens in the same lot. Compared with typical cubensis (Fig. 3), umbilicata is more globose, with a shorter and more obtuse spire. If the difference holds good for the northern form, wmbilicata would be entitled to varietal rank. A single small specimen from Otter Lake (Lapeer? County), Fie.1. Michigan, (Text Fig. 1.) collected by the late Dr. Manly - Miles, seems referable to umbilicata. It is smaller than the Rhode Island specimens (3.5x 2) and differs some- what in shape, the body whorl being somewhat shoul- dered and the spire more acute and slightly more elevated. But the characteristic axial (longitudinal) sculpture is present although there is no trace of any spiral lines. The lip is decidedly thickened within, and both it and the columella are pink. The umbilicus is not as large as in the Rhode Island form. Lymnea stagnalis v. perampla n. var. PI. II, figs. 5 and 6. This variety differs from the usual North American form, var. appressa Say, by its shorter, rapidly acuminating spire and larger, strongly shouldered body whorl; the first three whorls of the spire are slender and increase regularly in size; the penultimate whorl is disproportionately enlarged, swollen and subangulated by the flatten- ing of the upper part of the whorl, which in the body whorl develops into a prominent shoulder. Alt. (fig. 5) 45.5, diam. 26, length ap. 28, width 18 mm. Alt. (fig. 6) 45, diam. 23.75, length ap. 26, width 17 mm. Types (No. 1834 coll. Walker) from Houghton Lake, Roscom- mon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collections of the Philadel- phia Academy and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Also from Douglas Lake near Petoskey, Michigan. All the specimens of stagnalis from Houghton Lake that I have seen, more than 30, are of this peculiar form, which apparently a well-marked local race. I have been informed by the late Dr. W. H. DeCamp that the late A. O. Currier of Grand Rapids, who was the first to make known the peculiar Lymnzids of Houghton Lake, intended to describe this form under the very appropriate name which I have adopted for it. An elevated, almost scalariform example of this variety was figured in the Naurixus, Vol. VI, pl. 1, fig. 6. It is interesting to THE NAUTILUS. 9 note that in Marl Lake a small enlargement of Marl River, which connects Higgins and Houghton Lakes, the typical LZ. stagnalis appressa was the only form found. Lymnea desidiosa var. peninsula, n. var. Pi. II, fig. 7. Shell slender, elongated, spire long and acute, subturreted, whorls of the spire very convex, with a very deeply impressed suture, body- whorl elongated, subcylindrical, aperture oval, not very much ex- panded. Alt. 13.50, diam. 6.25 mm. (To be continued.) LIST OF MOLLUSKS FROM AMARILLO, TEXAS. BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR. The ‘‘ Pan Handle” of Texas is a flat, treeless plain where the traveler could make good use of nautical instruments. I could find no vestige of molluscan life there except in the deep cafions, a few of which are encountered on a journey across the “ Handle.” The following is a list of species taken from one of these canons at a point about 15 miles S. E. of Amarillo. All were found in drift debris— none actually alive and crawling about. The identifications are by Pilsbry and Vanatta. Zonitoides singleyana Pils. Zonitoides minuscula Binn. Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. Vallonia gracilicosta Reinh. Helicodiscus parallelus Say. Pupoides marginatus Say. Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella Pils. Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad. Bifidaria armifera Say. Bifidaria procera cristata P. & V. Vertigo ovata Say. Planorbis parvus Say. A few specimens of Physa, Lymnza and Pisidium too young for identification were also found. 10 THE NAUTILUS. NOTES AND NEWS. THe Nason Co.tiection.—The University of Illinois has lately acquired the collection of shells of Dr. Wm. A. Nason, of Algonquin, Illinois. The collection numbers approximately 50,000 specimens, representing 10,000 species. Among these are large series of the species found in Illinois, together with many beautiful specimens from various parts of the world. Tue Ancey Lisrary.—The books and many of the papers of the late C. F. Ancey can be obtained from Mr. Gerat, 76 rue du Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France. Nore on Cypr#A GRACILIS, Gask.—A few months ago, among some small shells from unknown localities which came into my hands, there appeared a small cowry which fora time puzzled me exceedingly, being very different from any of the species then known to me. Upon careful study, however, in connection with the var- ious monographs of the Cypreide, it has proven unmistakably to be the very rare Cyprea gracilis, Gask, the type of which was brought from the China Seas by the ‘* Samarang”’ and which has since been found only at Mauritius and Reunion I. ( Weinkauff, Hidalgo). Although the coloration of the back has been obliterated, the specimen being beach-worn, it has the peculiar lip, the narrow, bent aperture, sparsely scattered reddish-brown dots and fine teeth called for in the Gaskoin description, and it also corresponds, as to base and contour, to the figure in the Sowerby monograph, probably copied by Weinkauff and Roberts. Length, 10 mm. Frep L. Bourton. NoTE oN TRIVIA MAUGERI4Z, Gray.—Of this very rare species —sometimes also known as Tr. ‘‘ Maugeri,” (Roberts, Hidalgo) and thus far found only at the Galapagos Is.—I have known but three ex- amples in all the West American collections. The first which ap- peared was a badly bleached one which I detected among the molluscan material brought back by the Stanford University expedition of 1898, the specimen being now in the University collection. The second, a fine one in the Arnheim collection at San Francisco, was unfortunately destroyed in the great fire of 1906; while my own specimen, although beach-worn, is in fair condition and color. Length, 13 mm.—F rep L. Burton. THE NAUTILUS. 11 Norte on TRIVIA GALAPAGENSIS Metvy.—Upon examination of the molluscan material brought back by the Stanford University ex- pedition to the Galapagos Is. in 1898, I noticed this novelty and sent it to Mr. Melvill for description (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Aug., 1900.) Although the small type lot of this interesting species were all jet black and shiny, I have since then obtained from the same locality another specimen which is clearly referable to this species but which is of a reddish-brown color, while all the other specific characteristics, including the two whitish spots on the back, are well marked. As already noted by me (Jour. of Conch., Oct., 1902) this species proves to be ribbed throughout when perfect, in- stead of smooth on the back, as described.—F rep L. Button. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A SuRVEY OF THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF PupA DRAPAR- NAUD, OccurRING IN Soutu Arrica. By James Cosmo MEL- viILt and JoHn Henry Ponsonpy (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., I, ser. 8, pp. 70-86, pl.i, ii, 1908). The paper is based on a collection made by Mr. Henry C. Burnup, to whom credit is given for two new forms. ‘The figures are excellent. In all 28 species are re- corded, with several varieties. DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTH Arrica. By James Cosmo Metvitit and Joun Henry Pon- SONBY, INCLUDING ANATOMICAL DeEscRIPTIONS OF Two PRrRo- POSED New GENERA (Afrodonta M. & P. and Peltatus G.-A.). By Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen (Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist., I, ser. 8, pp. 129-136, pl. 7 and 8, 1908). C. F. ANCEY. } César-Marie-Felix Ancey, administrator at Mascara, Algeria, was born in Marseilles, November 15, 1860. His father, well known 1Taken in part from the obituary by Mr, H. Fischer (Jour, de Conch., LV, pp. 404-496), to whom we are also indebted through Mr. Geret for the accom- panying portrait. A complete list of Mr, Ancey’s writings will be found in the above publication, pages 406-412.—EpirTors, 12 THE NAUTILUS. for his publications on entomology and author of valuable work on malacology, encouraged his well-developed inclination for zodlogical studies. At the age of twenty-three he was appointed conservator of the fine Oberthur entomological collection at Rennes. This posi- tion not promising material success, he returned to Marseilles, where he studied law, and obtained his diploma in 1885. He then entered the government administration in Algeria; was married in 1889, and the same year was appointed deputy administrator, and filled successively positions at Fort National, Boghari and Dra-el Mizan. After thirteen years spent in that locality he was promoted to acting administrator at Mascara. It was a just reward for his great quali- fications and for the esteem which he had been able to win amidst duties that were frequently of a difficult character. Mr. Ancey hoped shortly to fill a State mission to the Cape Verde Islands, which was sure to furnish opportunities for malacological studies. After a brief illness he died at Mascara, October 10, 1906. His death was a painful surprise to his scientific correspondents. Most of his writings were on conchology, and his many papers, some 140 in all, give an idea of the importance of his work, devoted principally to the malacological fauna of Hawaii, Central Africa, Polynesia, Central Asia, etc. He was especially interested in the study of the smaller land shells, of which he had a large collection. As his appointment to Mascara promised to be permanent, he ex- pected to be able to work up his large accumulation of undetermined species, still packed just as he had received them. It was his pur- pose some day to study the land mollusks of Algeria; although thoroughly competent for the work, he hesitated to undertake it on account of the difficulties arising from the many doubtful species, which made the study of the Algerian fauna a most ungrateful task. Mr. Ancey is authority for many generic or subgeneric names, among which may be mentioned: Boysidia, Parabalia, Haplotrema, Pseudomphalus, Monomphalus, Micromphalia, Platystoma, Rhytidt- opsis, Pararhytida, Microphyura, Ochroderma, T omostele, Mabilliella, Thomsonia, Lechaptoisia, Thaanumia, Baldwinia and Armandiella. The genus Anceyia was dedicated to him by Bourguignat. Re- markably gifted and thoroughly acquainted with the bibliography of the subject, he leaves behind him work which marks a real progress in our knowledge of the terrestrial mollusks. His untimely death is a great loss to science. ee NSO TILUS: Vou. XXII. JUNE, 1908. No. 2. A NEW EOCENE FOSSIL FROM CLAIBORNE. BY T. H. ALDRICH. MITROMORPHA EOCENENSIS, 0. sp. Shell small, but five whorls remaining (the em- bryonic whorls are broken off), sulcate, the longi- tudinals close set and prominent, the spirals the same on the smaller whorls, but on the body whorl more prominent at the suture and the base; suture distinct and rather deep; outer lip denticulated ; pillar lip with two tubercles, the one nearest the canal long and tapering. Canal short, slightly widened and slightly twisted. Length 7 mm., breadth 3 mm. Locality: Claiborne Sand Bed, Claiborne, Alabama. Remarks: In Mitromorpha pygmaea Dall and others examined, the spiral sculpture seems to predominate, but in the species de- ecribed above the longitudinal is the stronger. TWO INTERESTING NEW ENGLAND NUDIBRANCH RECORDS. BY FRANCIS N. BALCH. The absolutely lamentable state of our present knowledge (or rather ignorance) of the New England Nudibranchs is in no small part due to the capricious and baffling occurrence of that interesting 14 THE NAUTILUS. group. Here to-day and gone to-morrow, perhaps abundant one year and not observed again for decades, even on shores where they are in most years common if rightly sought at the right season, they remain practically unknown to many whose collecting is done only in summer. A good deal of evidence has accumulated to show that many of the forms, chiefly Aeolidians, have a peculiar life-history, somewhat as follows: Coming on the shore in early spring they breed in the rock-pools or not far below low-water mark, and almost immediately die. The young, growing slowly at first and escaping observation by reason of their minute size and often marvelously “ protective ” (?) coloration, work their way slowly off shore with the coming of warmer weather, migrating still further out as the cold sets in, and attain their growth over winter in comparatively deep water, only to perform the reverse migration, breed and die the next spring. They are thus annuals. This is supposed to be the case particularly with Aeolidian forms, but not even for them is the theory universally accepted. There are certainly grave objections to it. It has been urged that neither the on-shore nor the off-shore migration has been followed ; that the young ought not to escape observation over sum- mer even though minute and inconspicuous ; that they occasionally, though rarely, occur in summer adult or nearly so; that the dredge fails to reveal them of nearly adult size in winter when they should occur. On the other hand it is a fact that many of the species have a fairly definite season (usually early spring, more rarely late autumn, and still more rarely at other times) when in most years they are with us in fair numbers and of full size, and thereafter— and suddenly—thence depart and are seen no more till the next year at the same season or perhaps many years later at the same season. This holds good of the rocky shores in the neighborhood of Boston, and I imagine few of us have ever seen there, except in spring, more than very scant and scattering examples of the Aeolid type. The following captures, therefore, have a distinct interest, even though, by the fault of the writer, it is much less than it should be, On November 15, 1905, Owen Bryant, Esq., of Cohasset, Mass., took from kelp dislodged by a storm from water of moderate (but uncertain) depth more than sixty Nudibranchs of at least eleven different species practically in company at that one spot. Not one was very young (less than say 3-4 mm.) Not one was adult. THE NAUTILUS. 15 He very kindly notified me and gave a Sunday to a trip to Cohasset where I saw the remarkable haul still alive. The early darkness of a November afternoon, the absence of apparatus and books and my absorption in professional work which precluded the possibility of my attempting to transport and preserve the living creatures for further study, may be held sufficient excuse for my failure to identify the species at the time fully and reliably, but not for my apparent failure to preserve some of the more interesting forms for later working over. To my great regret, however, the single Dorid form is the only one I am now able to find. The species identified were as follows according to my notes: Cratena gymnota (Couth.). ‘1 specimen quite juv., cores of cerata very dark.” ? Cratena veronicae Verrill. ‘1 specimen, abt. 2? in., cerata very green, very like viridis A. & H.” * Coryphella mananensis (Stimps.) ‘1 specimen, abt. $ in., juv.” ? Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.). ‘> diversa Couth., 1 nearly adult spec., abt. 1 in.” Unfortunately sa/monacea (Couth.,) [now Bergh] does not include diversa (Couth.), as I then sup- posed, and both species are in utmost need of further elucidation. Wherefore I much regret my failure to preserve this specimen as a consequence of which I am now quite unable to say what I really had before me—at all events something wholly distinct from mananensis. Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius). ‘* 3 specimens, abt. 1 in.” Dendronotus robustus Verrill. ‘*1 specimen, abt. ? in.” Palio lessonti (d’Orb.) ‘*2 specimens, abt. } in., like A. & H’s. figures of adult but anal tubercles very conspicuous and white instead of yellow.” Lamellidoris aspera (A. & H.) > pallida A. Ag. ‘1 specimen, juv., abt. 4 in.” The above enumeration certainly includes all the species (and like- wise all the specimens) of all except the Aeolid forms. But of the Aeolid species enumerated there were in all likelihood many more specimens, while I noted that there were at least three obviously different Aeolid species which I did not undertake to name. Quite probably there were more. The whole enumeration only *T had Alder & Hancock’s figure before me in making the comparison, 16 THE NAUTILUS. accounts for eleven specimens out of more than sixty. I only had time to note the larger and more conspicuous ones. On September 19, 1907, Mr. Bryant made a somewhat similar haul, although less interesting. He most kindly brought the mate- rial to me still alive, and I was able to study it more adequately. There were twenty-nine specimens of three species, and all were taken together from the bottom of a floating clam-car. The species were as follows: Facelina bostoniensis (Couth.) now Coryphella bostoniensis (Couth.). Bergh et auct. al. Europ., “7 specimens, 4 to 10 mm.” Coryphella mananesis (Stimps.). ‘2 specimens, 8 mm., 14 mm.” Palio lessonit (d’Orb.). ‘+20 specimens, 1 abt. 12 mm., the rest abt. 5 mm. Seem browner in coloration and much more sparsely tuberculated, with relatively more conspicuous circum- anal tubercles than the European type as figured.” It will be noted that here again not one is adult, while not one is very young. It seems to me that these two captures suggest strongly an au- tumnal condensation of the half-grown Nudibranch population (of certain groups) in moderate depths, just off the shore perhaps, best explained tentatively as a ‘“‘ wave of migration” to deeper water for the winter. It is clear enough how a population, which would be very sparse if spread over the whole area from three fathoms, let us say, to extreme low-water mark, might be much condensed if the cooling waters or failing food supply set them all moving off shore about the same time, only to check and bank up at the edge of some particular deep channel or cold current or on some specially favor- able hunting-ground which all hitherto living anywhere inshore of it must cross. NEW MICHIGAN LYMNZAS. BY BRYANT WALKER. ( Concluded.) Lymnexa desidiosa peninsulz Types (No. 20040 Coll. Walker) from the headwaters of the Union River, Ontonagon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collec- tions of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Also from Little Iron River, Ontonagon Co., Salmon THE NAUTILUS. 17 Trout River, Marquette Co., and the St. Mary’s River at Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich. This variety differs from the usual and more typical form (pl. I, fig. 4 and pl. II, fig. 8) of general distribution in the lower Penin- sula, by its slender, elongated form. It is apparently characteristic of the small rivers tributary to Lake Superior. With the exception of a few specimens from Saulte Ste. Marie, the typical form of desidiosa has not been as yet found in the Upper Peninsula at all. Peninsulez is very similar in shape to a small form of general distri- bution through the State, which is probably referable to some one of Lea’s indefinite species, but differs by its much greater size, being twice as long with the same number of whorls. As a characteristic local form of a large region, it seems worthy of a name. Lymnea davisi n. sp. Pl. II, fig. 9-10. Shell of medium size, globose-conic ; perforate ; light horn-color ; whorls 5; the spire about one-third of the entire length of the shell, rapidly acuminating and with a minute, sharp apex ; the whorls of the spire are flattened and but slightly convex, with a distinct, but not deeply impressed, suture; body whorl large, inflated, ovate, flattened above and rounded below; lines of growth distinct, fine and regular, minutely decussated with revolving spiral lines; aperture large, pear-shaped, acutely angled above and broadly rounded below, about three-fifths of the entire length, lip sharp, slightly thickened within, straight above, somewhat expanded below, broadly reflected over and nearly covering the small umbilical perforation ; columella with a very slight fold; axis rather thick, round, scarcely if at all folded. Alt. (Fig. 9) 15.2, diam. 7.5 mm. Alt. (Fig. 10) 15, diam. 7.5 mm. Types (No. 20092 coll. Walker) from Fish Point, Tuscola County, Mich. This species is well characterized by its large, ovate body whorl and its very acute spire; the apical whorls are flattened and the straight line of spire is prolonged over the upper part of the body, giving a ‘ pot-bellied ” appearance to the shell. Named in honor of Prof. Charles A. Davis of Ann Arbor, its dis- coverer, in recognition of the many valuable contributions he has made to our knowledge of the distribution of the mollusca in Michi- gan. 18 THE NAUTILUS. Lymnea bakeri n. sp. Pi. I, figs. 11-12. Shell slender, elongate, perforate ; whorls 5; spire elongated, tur- reted ; apex acute; body whorl narrow, elongated, compressed below ; suture deeply impressed ; lines of growth fine and regular with fine subobsolete, revolving, spiral lines ; aperture narrow, elongated, within the flare of the lip, the sides are nearly parallel, and about equally rounded above and below; lip thin, sharp, suddenly and broadly expanded, subreflected, continuous, not appressed to the parietal wall, and roundly reflected over the perforation, columella straight, with- out a fold; axis round and smooth. Alt. (fig. 12) 16.5, diam. 7.5, length ap. 8.5, width 4.5 mm. Types (No. 9353 Coll. Walker) from Pine Lake, Charlevoix County, Mich. This remarkable species was dredged from the marl bottom of Pine Lake. No living specimens were found, and in all prob- ability it is extinct. In its external characteristics it is more nearly related to L. gayi Dunker (gracilis Jay) than to any other of the described species, but the resemblance is a general one only, the two species differing in nearly every detail. The continuous, free lip and straight columella are exceedingly like those of jay’, and would naturally cause it to be referred to the subgenus Acel/la. But the axis is not gyrate, as in that group, but is rounded and without a fold, as in Galba. The young shell (fig. 11) is subcylindrical, and with its heavily- shouldered, turreted whorls and narrow aperture reminds one of the curious ZL. contracta Currier from Houghton Lake. I take pleasure in dedicating this very peculiar species to Mr. Frank C. Baker, of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, who has made a special study of the North American Lymneas. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE I. Figures 1—4 inclusive are enlarged. The remainder are of natural size. Fig. 1. L. emarginata Say (immature), Isle Royal, Mich. Figs. 2, 9 and 10. ZL. pilsbryana Walker (immature), Isle Royal, Mich. Fig. 3. L. petoskeyensis Walker, Petoskey, Mich. Fig. 4, L. desidiosa Say, Ann Arbor, Mich. THE NAUTILUS. 19 Figs. 5, 6 and 7. L. petoskeyensis Walker (types), Petoskey, Mich. Figs. 8 and 11. L. pilsbryana Walker (types), Isle Royal, Mich. PLATE II. Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are enlarged on the same scale. Figures 7 and 8 are also equally enlarged, but on a smaller scale. Figures 5, 6 and 9 to 12 inclusive are natural size. Fig. 1. LZ. umbilicata C. B. Ads. (ex auct.), New Bedford, R. I. Fig. 2. L. umbilicata, Rhode Island. Fig. 3.° LZ. cubensis Pfr., Enterprise, Fla. Fig. 4. L. cyclostoma Walker (types), Indian Creek, Kent County, Mich. Figs. 5 and 6. L. stagnalis perampla Walker (types), Houghton Lake, Mich. Fig. 7. L. desidiosa peninsule Walker (types), Union R., Onton- agon, County, Mich. Fig. 8. L. desidiosa Say, Oakland County, Mich. Figs. 9 and 10. LZ. davist Walker (types), Fish Point, Tuscola County, Mich. Fig. 11. L. bakeri Walker (young) Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich. Fig. 12. L. bakeri (type), Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich. ADDITIONAL SHELLS FOUND IN AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE. BY OLAF O. NYLANDER. Circinaria coneava Say, one small living shell of this species found at Sherman, in 1904. Physa sayti, Tappan, very fine, large specimens found in Callen’s mill pound, Caribou stream, Caribou, Maine, at Salmon brook, Lake Perham and in the dead water on Salmon brook in Woodland. Lymnexa palustris Mull., a large colony of this species was found in asmall brook on G. C. Hall’s farm 3 miles south of Caribou village. Planorbis bicarinatus var. The carinations on this are extremely developed; Portage Lake, Square Lake and Cross Lake all on Fish River. Volvata sincera var. nylanderi Dall., Portage Lake, Square Lake and Cross Lake, dredged at various depths to 25 feet. 20 THE NAUTILUS. NOTE ON LYMNAEA DESIDIOSA SAY. BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER. An examination of Say’s specimens of L. destdiosa in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia reveals the fact that all subse- quent naturalists have misunderstood this species and have given the name to a species belonging to a different group of Lymnaeas. The true desidiosa is a member of the palustris group, as shown by Say’s specimens and by a close study of Say’s descriptions. The two specimens in the Philadelphia Academy may be described as follows: Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid, color pale horn; surface dull, lines of growth crowded, conspicuous, crossed by impressed spiral lines; whorls 54, convex; the body whorl is quite convex; spire acutely conic, about as long as the aperture ; sutures well impressed ; apex of 14 whorls, brownish horn; aperture long ovate; outer lip thin, with an internal rib or varix; inner lip reflected over and appressed to the parietal wall, leaving a small umbilical chink ; columelar axis with a distinct plait. Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00 mill. Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 3.50 mill. The specimens bear the following label in the original hand- writing : Lymnaea desidiosa Say, Journ. Acad., vy. 2, p. 169. T. Say, Penn. ? (No. 58731). The figure in Binney (fig. 68) is said to be from an authentic specimen in the Philadelphia Academy, but no such specimen is now in existence, nor are the specimens mentioned from Cayuga Lake to be found. In the absence of any other authentic material Say’s specimens must be taken as typical of desidiosa. A close analysis of Say’s description would seem to indicate that he did not have the shell before him which has so long borne the name of desidiosa. He says ‘* It is closely allied to elodes, but the whorls are more convex, one less in number, and the two terminal ones are proportionately smaller.’’’ This statement is repeated in the Amer- ican Conchology. This statement of its relation to elodes would 1 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 169. THE NAUTILUS. 21 scarcely have been made by Say, who possessed a peculiarly dis- criminating sense of minute differences between shells, if he had been describing the shell now known as desidiosa. The size of the Philadelphia specimens (15 mill.) also corresponds pretty well with the size given by Say (x5 of an inch = about 17 mill.). The most convincing fact to the writer is the presence of a specimen of ‘‘desidiosa”’ of authors in the Philadelphia Academy marked “Lymnaea ....- , Canandaigua Lake, T. Say” (No. 58782), showing that the form usually called destdiosa is not the one so called by Say. Prof. Edward S. Morse, who made the drawings for Binney’s work, has been unable to give any information concerning the specimen figured by Binney. Last summer the writer made three trips to Cayuga Lake, one to _-— the-south end at Ithaca and two to the north end at the town of Cayuga, with the hope of securing specimens which would cor- respond with Say’s specimens. Three whole days were spent in exploring several miles of the shore and the small creeks, and while specimens of both palustris and obrussa were obtained, not a single specimen was found which agreed with Say’s desidiosa, The palus- tris were the large, thin-shelled form and the obrussa were rather small specimens, not at all like the description or specimens of desidiosa. As Say gave no particular part of Cayuga Lake as the identical spot in which the types were collected, it renders the task of tinding locotypes well nigh impossible, since the lake is 88 miles in length. Recently, Miss Mary Walker, of Buffalo, New York, sent the writer a number of shells from Young’s Quarry, Williamsville, New York, which are identical with Say’s specimens of destdiosa, having the same number of whorls and almost the same measurements. These are given for comparison: Say’s specimens: Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00 mill. Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 8.50 mill. Miss Walker’s specimens: Length 15.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 4.00 mill. Length 14.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.50 mill. 22 THE NAUTILUS. Say’s'figure in the American Conchology (plate 55, fig. 3) cor- responds with the specimens from Williamsville, all having the peculiar obese body whorl. Say himself identifies desidiosa from western New York in Long’s expedition, II, p. 263, where he says, “« Lymneus desidiosus nob. Falls of Niagara.” The history of des¢diosa in the American monographs is interesting and clearly indicates that since Say’s time little attention has been given to closely analyzing this species. In all of his references Say distinctly indicates a shell of the palustris type. Haldeman describes and figures the form now distinguished as obrussa and not the true des¢diosa (compare his plate with Say’s figure 3). Many of Haldeman’s figures are abnormal and do not represent obrussa as it is usually developed. Tryon, in his contin- uation of Haldeman’s work, (p. 104) states that many of the figures on this plate are not desidiosa but a form of columella (macrostoma). In this statement Tryon is wrong and could scarcely have seen Haldeman’s specimens, for a recent examination proved them all to be referable to obrussa (desidiosa of authors) although as stated above several of the specimens are abnormal. The writer has col- lected many specimens similar to those figured on Haldeman’s plate. Binney, in his Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America, Part II, makes obrussa a synonym of desidiosa, thus showing that he considered the latter the small, smooth form and not the true desidiosa of Say and his figure 68 is questionable for the reason and is probably of a long-spired obrussa. In Baker’s Mollusca of the Chicago Area obrussa is described and figured as desidiosa. Recently Dr. W. H. Dall, in his Alaska Mollusks (p. 73, fig. 51) figures Say’s obrussa under desidiosa, but also refers in his synonymy to Binney’s figure 68. The European monographs have given figures referable to obrussa rather than to desidiosa. Amidst the uncertainties caused by the absence of Say’s types we must look for a shell which is closely allied to elodes, but is smaller, with more convex whorls, and possesses 5 instead of 6 full whorls. Such a shell is found in the autotypes of desidiosa in the Philadel- phia Academy, and this type of shell occurs in several localities in the eastern part of the United States, and is easily separable from any other known species or variety. The spire varies considerably, being short, or long, or even scalariform. ‘There are from 2 to 5 rest varices on the whorls. THE NAUTILUS. 23 Desidiosa, then, differs from obrussa (desidtosa of authors) in its generally larger and more solid shell, longer and more turreted spire, more pronounced and heavier sculpture and more convex whorls, with deeper sutures; in having an internal rib inside the outer lip and in the presence of a fold on the columella. Compared with palustris, desidiosa is smaller, usually more solid and with a more obese body whorl and a more dilated aperture. The spire, too, is more sharply conic and the whorls are more tightly coiled, pro- ducing a deeper suture. The inner lip is also more expanded, producing a heavier callus. The shells called elodes by Say are larger, more flat-sided, with a longer spire, and the whorls are not so rounded and are more oblique. If we accept the evidence afforded by Say’s specimens (and there seems to the writer to be no other course), then the shells usually called destdiosa must bear the name of ohbrussa, which is the first available name, and deszdiosa must be used for the shells so-called by Say. EXPLANATION OF PriaTE III.! Fig. 1. Lymnea desidiosa Say, Williamsville, Erie Co., N. Y. (from collection of Miss Mary Walker, Buffalo, N. Y.) Fig. 2. Say’s figures of Lymnzxa desidiosa in Amer. Conch., pl. 55, fig. 3. NORTHERN OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. BY F. M. MACFARLAND. NortTHERN AND ARCTIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE SWEDISH STATE Museum (RiksmMuseum). IIT. Opts- THOBRANCHIA AND PreropopA. By Nils Odhner ( Kungl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, Band 41, No. 4, pp. 1-118, pl. I-III, 1907). The above work will be welcomed by American zodlogists as a valuable contribution to our knowledge not only of the Opistho- branch fauna of Scandinavian waters, but also as of great conveni- ence in studying the quite similar fauna of our own North Atlantic shores. The classic Index Molluscorum Scandinavie of Lovén, 1846, and the Mollusca Regionis Norvegizx of Sars, 1878, have been for ' Plate III will appear in the July number. 24 THE NAUTILUS. many years the principal extended sources of information upon this subject. The paper of Mr. Odhner is based upon the large collec- tion of Northern and Arctic forms which the Swedish State Museum has accumulated from various expeditions and other sources since its foundation, and which have been studied in part only by scientists. The geographical area represented is a wide one, nearly completely circumpolar in its extent. It includes principally the Arctic Ocean off Siberia, the Kara and White Seas, the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans off the coast of Norway, the waters surrounding the whole Scandi- navian peninsula, and to a less extent the coasts of Spitzbergen, Iceland and Greenland, the North Atlantic, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and Bering Sea. The first section of the paper gives a useful systematic synopsis of the Opisthobranchs and Pteropods studied, based largely upon the well-known works of Fischer, Bergh and Pelseneer. Following this is a detailed summary of the geographical and bathymetrical distribution. The third section of the work is devoted to a description of the new forms found in the collection. These are Diaphana hyalina Turton var. sprrata, Diaphana glacialis, Gonieolis lobata, Archi- doris nobilis Lovén MS., Jssa villosa, Doridunculus pentabranchus, Idalia pulchella A. & H. var. fusca, and Cumanotus laticeps, the last named being the type of a new genus of Aeolidiadae. Of especial interest and value to students of this group of Mollusea are the three excellent plates, the second and third being especially welcome. These two present artistic reproductions in the natural colors of sixty-one figures of forty-one different species, prepared under the direction of Professor Lovén by the artists W. and F. v. Wright, but never yet published. These form a valuable supple- ment to Lovén’s Index, the original numbers assigned by him being given in parentheses upon the plates. Those who have studied these beautiful animals in life and compared them with even the very best museum specimens, in which original color and body form have alike disappeared, will fully appreciate this preservation in a perma- nent manner of these important records. The usefulness of the paper is further enhanced by a chronolog- ical bibliography and a very complete index. The convenience of the former might have been increased somewhat by the addition of abbreviated titles of all the papers cited, which are omitted in most cases, the date, author, journal and place alone being given. THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE III, 4 ww 4, 2. LYMNAA DESIDIOSA SAY. . PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM FRIERSON. W is Toe NAGTILUS: Von. X XPT; JULY, 1908. No. 3. ON EUCONULUS FULVUS AND E. TROCHIFORMIS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Yelix fulva as described by Miiller (1774) was a composite of two spocies: (1) adult Helix fulva of Draparnaud and later authors, and 2) immature Helix bidentata Gmelin. Muller's idea exactly re- versed the age-relations of the two forms; he considered (1) to be the young stage of (2), and while he described both forms satisfac- torily, and gives the measurements of both, a fuller description is naturally given of the form he considered adult. The somewhat unusual conic shape, etc., rendered it easy for subsequent authors to reccgnize both forms from Muller’s description. Indeed it would be hardly possible to mistake any other snail of the region for either. The next notice of the forms was by Gmelin (1791), who admits Miiller’s H. fulva without recognizing its composite nature, his ac- count being merely compiled from Miiller. Gmelin moreover de- scribed and named the adult stage of Helix bidentata, referring to unmistakable figures in the Conchylien Cabinet of Chemnitz. There has never been any controversy about the validity of Gmelin’s H. bidentata. Ten years later (1801), Draparnaud, in his Tableau des Moll. terr. et fluv. de la France, p. 72, restricts Helix fulva to the Huconu- lus, giving an excellent description. He also recognized and de- scribed H. bidentata, the two being quite rightly placed in different groups. Up to the present time this arrangement has been followed almost universally, 26 THE NAUTILUS. Two years later, in 1803, Montagu described and figured Helix trochiformis ( Testacea Britannica, p. 427). The account agrees well with our Huconulus fuleus except in the number of whorls, Montagu giving it six, which is one more than Z#. fulvus usually has. Montagu did not recognize Muller’s snail in his new species. His knowledge of the work of continental authors seems to have been extremely restricted. So far as I know, the name trochiformis has been adopted only by Beck, in his catalogue of 1837, and by Dall, 1905." No description of the snail under Montagu’s name has been published since the original one in 1803. So much for the evidence from original documents. I am acutely aware that on any question of nomenclature there may be from two to a dozen opinions, each supported by arguments which to some will appear conclusive, yet in a case like this, where the concholo gists of a century have been practically of one mind, a reversal of their judgment should not be made without full consideration of all aspects of the question. It might reasonably be argued that Muller’s description, covering the adult stage of one species (fulva auct.) and the immature stage of another (b¢dentata Gmel.), should be restricted to the former, even though Miiller himself mistook the real relations of the forms. It is hardly necessary to discuss the inexpediency of discarding all composite species, since everybody admits that either with species or genera some member of the original melange must conserve the original name unless all be synonymous with earlier names. It seems to me that the case may be summarized thus: 1774. Miuiller described as H. fulva a composite of two species (Hygromia bidentata plus Euconulus fulvus of modern authors). 1791. Gmelin eliminated H. bidentata from the composite by his unmistakable diagnosis and reference. 1801. Draparnaud recognized the composite nature of Miuiler’s H. fulva and restricted that name to the Huconulus, which he well described and later figured. I venture to submit the opinion that no action by Montagu or any other subsequent author should affect the status of either of the two species in question. Huconulus fulvus therefore should stand. 1Land and Fresh Water Mollusks of Alaska and adjoining regions, Harri- man Alaska Expedition, Vol. xiii, p. 40. THE NAUTILUS. FAR DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PLEUROBEMA. BY L. S. FRIERSON. PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM n. sp. Plate III, figs. 3, 4. Shell short, triangular, thick, solid and heavy; truncated in front, roundly pointed behind at the post-base. Beaks high and in- curved, their sculpture not seen. Post ridge rounded, and close to the post margin. The sides are slightly flattened just in front of the post-ridge, and an inflated, raised area extends from the beaks to the anterior base. This area is to a considerable degree concen- trically sulcated, the sulci becoming obsolete behind, where it be- comes striated; epidermis rayless, dark reddish brown or having faint greenish rays near the beaks. Lunule triangular, and mem- branaceous. The shell is markedly flattened in front, half way from beaks to base, showing a sort of so-called “secondary lunule.”’ Nacre white, to rose color, and iridescent. Muscle scars well im- pressed, and separate. Beak cavities shallow. In the left valve there are two low, thick curved laterals, somewhat striate, and a stout, upright, bifid, striate, acuminate cardinal. In the right valve a single low, stout curved lateral upon a very wide heavy plate, or shelf, and a single wedge-shaped cardinal arising from a pit sur- rounded by a semicircular, low ridge. Cardinal plate thick, on the inner surface of which may be noted the dorsal muscle scars. Length 48, alt. 40, diam. 32.3 mm. Length 41, alt. 39, diam. 27.5 mm. Tombigbee river. Types from Demopolis, Marengo Co., Ala- bama, in coll. Frierson and A. N. S. Phila. Also found at Colum- bus, Mississippi. The shell may be mistaken by the casual observer, for a small Quadrula pyramidata, Lea, but may easily be distinguished by its smaller size, and especially its shallower beak cavities, lower beaks, and less pronounced sulcus from beak to post base. It seems a rather rare shell in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers. Four and a half specimens were received in three ‘‘envois” from the former river. Mr. Bryant Walker informs me that he has two specimens, from the Alabama River. One from the collection of Dr. Lewis, and labeled by him “ UJ. plenus,”’ and the other received 28 THE NAUTILUS. from Mr. R. E. Call, and placed among his ‘“‘pyramidata.” Mr.. William A. Marsh has examples, which have been labeled ‘southern variety of pyramidata.”’ Mr. Walker thinks the shell is however a Pleurobema, rather than a Quadrula and he places it in the scheme of classification next to Pleurobema tattianum, Lea. Compared with that species, ours is less convex, with a more or less distinct sulcus back of the convexity. Uniologists having southern pyramidata, may perhaps find specimens of P. tombigbeanum in the lots. SOME NEW BRACHIOPODS. BY WM. H. DALL. During the researches of the U. S. S. Albatross party in 1906 a good many brachiopods were obtained, and the range of some known species much extended. The examination indicates that two species of those obtained are undescribed. Diagnoses are now given and figures are in preparation. Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis n. sp. Shell large, solid, of a rather dark and ruddy brown color and nearly smooth surface which bears faint concentric lines of growth and usually fainter, irregularly radial impressed lines on the anterior portion of the shell; valves moderately convex, the anterior margins slightly flexuous, the middle of the ventral valve is slightly squarely impressed and produced, the extension fitting into an analogous excavation in the dorsal valve; beak stout, moderately recurved, usually much eroded, with a large, entire foramen; the deltidial plates form a solid arch with no mesial groove; internally a thick- ened collar or short tube surrounds the peduncle, and an evident, but not prominent, short septum extends mesially about 2 mm. from the collar forward, in one specimen. Hinge of the ventral valve solid, with no props to the dental processes; in this valve the pallial sinuses exhibit two strong parallel trunks which extend nearly to the anterior margin before they begin to bifurcate; the genital glands extend as a fine, brown, irregular reticulation over the main cavity of the sinuses outside the inner line of the respective trunks on either side ; dorsal (or hemal) valve with a small.but evident cardinal THE NAUTILUS. 29 process ; the dental processes small and narrow; the loop is peculiar, the two supporting arms are appressed and soldered to the wall of the valve for a distance of 8 or 9 mm., so that the loop appears to spring from the valve and not from the hinge; it abruptly bends upward at a point about 12 mm. in front of the beak, forming a very wide, slender, frail, almost flattened loop with short triangular crura ; the width of the loop is about 12.5 mm., the height of its arch about 3 mm., while the crura, which are curved inward parallel with the limb of the arch, are about 3 mm. long. A mesial septum, low and narrow but distinct, extends forward as far as the anterior edge of the adductor scars ; the pallial margin carries minute sete, which do not project beyond the edge of the valve. Length of ventral valve 45, breadth 34.5, max. diam. of shell 26 mm. Dredged on the southeast coast of Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea, in 64 to 100 fathoms, bottom temperature 30° F. Type, U.S. N. Mus., 110, 786. The remarkable loop of this species is sufficient to distinguish it from any other of the genus; the characters mentioned are found in all the specimens. Laqueus morsei 0. sp. Shell thin, smooth, polished, ruddy brown, rounded lozenge- shaped, somewhat attenuated in front up to a 10 mm. wide trunca- tion; ventral valve with a short beak, entire foramen and short, wide, flattened area; deltidial plates united, but showing a groove at the junction ; dental processes short, triangular, strong, supported by strong props with deep funnel-shaped cavities behind them; pal- lial sinuses with two inner trunks bifurcating at the anterior third of the valve, and two outer ones branched on the outer side from the beginning; genital glands in two longitudinal lines on each side extending along the middle of the main trunks of the sinuses and barely distally bifurcated ; dorsal valve with a small but well devel- oped hinge-plate, but no cardinal process or cavities under the dental processes; the septum is short and delicate; the loop normally formed but extremely slender, except the bight of the recurved por- tion, which is much wider than the rest; the valves meet in a nearly uniform plane, an extremely faint indication of a truncation in front forms the only approach to a flexuosity. Length of ventral valve 32.5, of dorsal valve 29.0, breadth 30,5, diameter of shell 18.0 mm. 30 THE NAUTILUS. Dredged at station 4,860 in the Japan Sea, in 122 fathoms, mud and stones, bottom temperature 84° 1 F. U.S. N. Mus. 210,800. The species is named in honor of Prof. E. S. Morse of Salem, whose work on the brachiopods is well known. The most nearly related species is Lagueus mariz, A. Adams, which is more ovate, with a narrower and more recurved beak, the genital glands differ- ently distributed, and the mesial septum of the dorsal valve, long, high, and prominent; reaching to the anterior fourth of the valve, while in Z. morse? it barely reaches the middle of the valve. A white variety (albida) of Waldheimia (= Eudesia) raphaelis Dall, was also dredged, the specimens being more compressed laterally and with sharper anterior flexures than in the type. A dwarf form of the same species with all the characteristics of the adult, except that it measures 17 mm. long instead of 37, was dredged in Kagoshima Gulf. The normal adults of the species show little or no flexuosity anteriorly, until nearly full grown, but the dwarf referred to possessed them in perfection. A NOTE ON HELIX HORTENSIS. BY OLOF 0. NYLANDER, I have been much interested in your articles on Helix hortensts in America. When a small boy they were among my choicest play- things and I gathered large numbers of them together with H. nemoralis in south-eastern Sweden. In 1899 among a lot of marine shells collected at Grand Manan, and given to me for identification were three land shells. One specimen had five narrow, dark brown bands on a light yellow ground, a common form of Helix hortensis; both were of larger size than any specimens in my collection from Sweden, Germany and England. One specimen is of a rich yellow color, comparing in every way with European specimens in my collection. The third specimen was a young shell, light yellow in color and like the plain- colored Helix hortensis of the Maine coast. Mrs. S. Page who col- lected the specimens, informed me that they were plentiful on the Island of Grand Manan, her native home. As there is so much THE NAUTILUS. 31 speculation relative to the origin and distribution of Helix hortensis, in America, I will state that in my opinion they were introduced by the early French settlers in Canada, at Gaspé and along the St. Lawrence River; and that their distribution only along the coast is due to the more favorable conditions. The long cold winters— sometimes commencing in September and lasting into the middle of May in Canada and Maine, are too severe and long for Helix hor- tensis to spread over the interior. Along the coast, and on the islands, the winters are not as long or as intensely cold as in the interior. I have gone over a very large part of northern Maine and a good part of New Brunswick and have never seen #7. hortensis. I have collected Helix hortensis at Horte and Sherlotenlund on the south coast of Sweden within a few steps of the water edge of the Baltic Sea. A NEW WEST INDIAN NITIDELLA. BY WM. H. DALL. During a recent visit to Cuba Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., col- lected a few marine shells from the rocks along shore, between tides, at Ensenada de Cochinas, on the south side of the island. Among them was the following species which I have been unable to identify among the described forms of the genus. Nitidella hendersoni n. sp. Shell thin, fusiform, with an elongate, very acute spire, and about eight whorls; nucleus minute, white, smooth; subsequent whorls flattish with an appressed suture, pinkish near tke nucleus, later be- coming translucent with dark chestnut-brown lineolations, zigzags or dots, frequently with white, protractive, oblique flammulations at the suture of which the anterior margins are bordered with a dark chestnut line; also on the periphery is often a narrow articulated band, of white and brown spots; the surface is covered with a con- spicuous greenish periostracum, which on the body whorl is elevated in axial lamellz not close enough to give a velvety effect but sep- arated by wider polished spaces; surface nearly smooth under the periostracum, polished, with faint indications of fine axial or revolv- ing stri#; on the base there are numerous spiral grooves which 32 THE NAUTILUS. become stronger and channeled near the end of the nearly straight canal; aperture white, within purplish ; outer slightly thickened, not reflected, smooth within; posterior angle of the aperture grooved and produced. a little, with a subsutural obscure callosity on the body which elsewhere has the surface smoothly erased, edge of the pillar with one faint and one very strong marginal fold; operculum normal. Alt. of shel] 19, of last whorl 13.5, of aperture 10, max. diam. 8.0 mm. Found in crevices of the rocks a little below low- water mark. MOLLUSCA OF KEENE, NEW HAMPSHIRE. BY R. D. WALKER AND WM. H. COOLIDGE, JR. The shells that comprise this list were found in Keene, N. H., by the late George Alexander Wheelock, and form a small part of the extensive general collections which he made. ‘The list is perhaps worth publishing as local data in regard to the shells of Keene and the surrounding regions. Mr. Wheelock spent almost his entire life in Keene (1816-1906) investigating the natural history of Monad- nock. The determination of the species is through the kindness of Mr. Charles W. Johnson. Planorbis parvus Say. Lyogyrus granum Say. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Amnicolu limosa Say. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Unio complanatus Sol. Segmentina armigera Say. Alasmodonta undulata Say. Lymnea humilis Say. Lampsilis nasutus Say. Physa heterostropha Say. Anodonta cataracta Say. Aplexa hypnorum. Sphaerium rhomboideum Say. Succinea ovalis Say. Sphaerium secure Prime. Polygyra albolabris Say. Sphaerium partumeium Say. Polygyra fraterna Say. Sphaerium simile Say. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Pisidium variabile Prime. Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi Pisidium compressum Prime. Pils. These specimens are in the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts. THE NAUTILUS. 38 NOTES. Tue VERRILL Cottection.—Prof. A. E. Verrill of Yale Uni- versity has sold to the University his great collection of marine invertebrates, acquired during his work for the United States Fish Commission in the 16 years from 1873 to 1887. The collection is the duplicate of one secured at the same time and since transferred to the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution at Wash- ington, FORMATION OF EPIPHRAGM BY LyMN&ZA pPaALustrRis (Muller). —A few days ago while collecting fresh-water shells in the dry bed of a pond near Alum Rock Park, San José, the author found several live specimens of a form of Lymnea palustris Miiller lying on the dry mud surface with the aperture sealed down by thick dried mucous and withdrawn into their shells halfa whorl. The pond usually contains water at least half the year but on account of the dry spring has contained none since April Ist at least. The bed is thinly covered with tall tulas so that the shells were not in the direct rays of the sun. ‘This form is the only one which occurs in the lake and dead shells up to barely mature are abundant, and some larger. —Haro_p HANNIBAL, San Jose, Cal. Exotic Vivieara IN CALirornisA.—Amongst the fresh-water molluscan fauna of the ‘“‘ Artesian Belt,” between San José and San Francisco Bay, is a large operculate edible snail introduced by the Chinese fifteen or twenty years ago. 4 mm. when born, carinate till mature, 6 months 20 mm. Occasionally in sub-brackish water, grows as large as a duck’s egg. Plain yellow-green or with spiral fringes of epidermis. Specimens were sent to Dr. Dall, who identified it as Vivipara lecythoides Bens. It is very common where planted, but spreads slowly. In the Nautitus XV, p. 91, is a reference to Vivapara stelma- phora Bgt., from a dry bed of a lake or pond “at the foot of Mt. Hamilton.’”’ The author has been over the San José, Mt. Hamilton road collecting, and of the four lakes and ponds on the route only one, on the Grant ranch in Hall’s Valley, appears to answer the de- scription, as it had been dry at the time that article was written for 34 - THE NAUTILUS. several years. The fauna was exactly the same as in the neighbor- ing parts of Santa Clara Valley, except extremely large, and con- tained not a sign of an operculate snail of any kind, nor did the son of a neighboring rancher know of any such form, though be knew the other species by sight. The other ponds were no better. Either the locality given was incorrect or the species was killed out by the drying-up of the lake while the other forms were not for some rea- son. Certainly it does not occur there at present for no traces could be found.—Haroitp HANNIBAL, San José, Cal. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A New Species oF CavoLiniaA, wiTH Norres on OTHER Preropops. By Wm. H. Dau (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 50, Jan., 1908). Cavolinia couthouyi, n. sp., from Fiji Is, and New South Wales. GONIDEA ANGULATA Lea, wiItTH DeEscripTION OF A NEW Variety. By Wm. H. Day (Smiths. Misc. Coll., Vol. 50, Jan., 1908). G. a. haroldiana is a new form from Guadalupe Creek, between San José and San Francisco Bay, ‘‘remarkable for the almost total absence of lateral angulation,” ete. NOTES ON THE FreEsH-WATER MOLLUSK PLANORBIS MAGNIFI- cus AND Descrirtions oF Two New Forms. By Paut Bartscu (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 83, pp. 697-700). Planorbis magnificus Pilsbry occurs in Greenfield Pond, near Wilmington, N. C., where it is rather scarce and local. P. ewcosmius, n, sp., was found in the same pond. It is very close to P. bicarinatus striatus, but distinguished by having two chestnut bands. P. eucosmius vaughant, n. subsp., is from Burke’s Place, La. All are illustrated with photographic figures. Tue PuysioLtocy or tHE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE Razor- SHELL CLAM, Ensis pirectus Conrap. By Gitman A. DREW (Journal of Experimental Zoédlogy, V, No. 3, March, 1908). Among other interesting conclusions, Dr. Drew finds that ‘the THE NAUTILUS. 35 pedal ganglia are apparently dependent upon the cerebral for initi- ative.’ When isolated, stimulation causes only local responses. Impulses may pass in both directions through any of the commis- sures and connectives. Impulses may be sent by roundabout con- nections when the usual connections are destroyed. First AppITIONAL CATALOGUE OF LAND SHELLS OF JAPAN. By Y. Hrrase, Kyoto, 1908. In this list of 24 pages Mr. Hirase catalogues the species and varieties from Japan, the Bonin and Loochoo Islands and Formosa, obtained since the publication of his former list. It is interesting as showing the results of the latest work on these wonderfully rich faunas. Copies of the catalogue will be sent free, we believe, to those interested in the collection of Japanese shells. A handsome plate illustrates various new or inter- esting species. ZooLocicaL Recorp, Vol, xliii, pt. viii, Mortusca.—By E. R. Sykes, completed by S. Paceand R. M. Pace. This complete record of all that has been published on Mollusca for the year 1906 together with every generic and specific name used, is indispensable to all working conchologists. The part containing 103 pages can be obtained for 4 shillings of Harrison & Sons, 45 St. Martin’s Lane, London, Eng. Tue WiLiiAMs CoLLectTion or SHELLS.—By GerorGe Hat- cott CHapwick, Chicago, Ill., 1905. A brief account of the con- chological cabinet of Mrs. Alice L. Williams, which contains so many rare and beautiful shells. It is undoubtedly the finest private collection in America. The collection contains 26,000 shells, ‘*a number unexceeded, I believe, by any private shell cabinet in America since the day of John Jay. While the collection is rich in species representing almost every family, one naturally turns to those gems of the sea, the Cypreide. Here we find Cyprea broderip?, the only one in America, C. nivosa, castanea, chrysalis, coxent, crosset, similis, etc., etc., while species considered by many rare are represented by series to show variation. There are 10 C. aurantia, 10 decipiens, 10 thersites, 7 scotti, 4 umbilicata, etc. Among the Conide is enthroned Conus gloria-maris while the rare 36 THE NAUTILUS. cervus isalso there. The beautiful Volutide are represented by many species one scarcely sees in a lifetime. Pleurotomaria beyrichit is also among the treasures, but space will not permit us to go into details. It has been admirably described by Mr. Chadwick, who says: ‘My desire in this writing is to make this remarkable collection better known. It has been a labor of love, and I can wish for those who read no greater pleasure than to come under the fascinating spell of this great collection. It deserves a place in some great hall of science, and it is Mrs. Williams’s hope that it may some day be thus installed through public or private Fo DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MULLUSKS FROM THE Paciric Coast OF THE UNITED STATES, with notes on the other mollusks from the same region. By William Healey Dall (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 34, pp. 245-257. Numerous new species and subspecies chiefly discovered by Dr. R. H. Tremper, Messrs. Herbert W. Lowe, F. W. Kelsey, and the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, are de- scribed, with notes on previously known forms. SMELL THE DOMINANT SENSE IN DIABROTICA 12-PUNCTATA AND Limax MAxiIMuUS. By Robert E.C. Stearns. (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington xxi, pp. 137-140). JLimazx is guided to its food by smell. Salt liberally strewed on the floor is recommended as a check to their depredations. ON THE SYNONYMIC HISTORY OF THE GENERA CLAVA MARTYN AND CERITHIUM BrueuieRE. By W. H. Dall. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1907, pp. 363-369). The history of these old names is fully exposed and various errors in matters of fact in M. Coss- mann’s review of the Cerithiacea are pointed out. NEw AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM THE OIL-BEARING TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF SANTA BARBARA Co., Cat. By Ralph Arnold. (Smith’s Misc. Coll. vol. 50, pt. 4. 1907). Numerous interesting fossils from Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene horizons are described and well illustrated. Among them are Venericardia planicosta Lam., from Little Falls, Washington, ‘‘the most widespread and characteristic eocene species in the world,” Lymnea alamosensis n. sp., from the pliocene of Los Alamos Valley. PEE -NeQRErLUS: VoL. XXII. AUGUST-SEPTEMBBER, 1908. No. 4-5. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSKS. BY S. S. BERRY. A specimen of Cyprea spadicea Gray has recently been brought to the writer’s notice by Mrs. C. H. Fackenthall, of Pacific Grove, who some years ago found it alive on Chinatown Point, Monterey Bay. This extends the known range of the species many score of miles beyond the most northern locality which has previously been recorded. Mrs. Fackenthall also collected in March, 1907, over sixty speci- mens of Janthina exigua Lam. where they had been washed ashore near Point Pinos. This is a new locality for this species likewise. Another /anthina, which is apparently the J. globosa of Swainson, and is new to the Californian fauna, was found in considerable num- bers at Oceanside, San Diego county, by Mrs. T. E. N. Eaton and Miss Grace Eaton in the summer of 1906. This species was found in company with J. exigua and another undetermined form of the same genus (J. communis?) cast up on the sandy beach, and for the most part still retained the animals. 5 * * * *x * * In July, 1903, the writer made a small collection of fossils from the pleistocene deposit which forms the cliff just west of the bath- house at Santa Barbara, among which many of the species are of interest because not included by Arnold in his lists’ of the mollusks of the Santa Barbara pleistocene. Such species are marked with an asterisk. One or two forms are likewise entirely new to the formation. 1 Paleontology and Stratigraphy of San Pedro, p. 52 q. v. 4) 38 THE NAUTILUS. Margarita pupilla Gld. Several. * Margarita optabilis knechti, Arnold. One specimen. * Calliostoma canaliculatum Mart. Several juv. Leptothyra bacula Cpr. Not rare. * Leptothyra carpenteri Pils. Not rare. Leptothyra paucicostata Dall. Not rare. * Acmaea mitra Esch. Two juv. * Acmaea (sp.). One juv. Natica clausa B. and S. Young specimen and opercula. Crepidula navicelloides Nutt. One specimen. Crepidula adunca Sby. Two examples. Rissoa acutilirata Cpr. Two specimens. *Rissoa (sp?). One example. *Diala marmorea Cpr. Several. Lacuna compacta Cpr. The most abundant form. Bittium asperum Gabb. Common. Bittium (quadrifilatum Cpr.?). Common. Bittium (sp.). Common. *Epitonium (Opalia) borealis Gld. One specimen. Ocinebra perita Hds. Several. *Ocinebra interfossa Cpr. One specimen. *Ocinebra lurida Midd. var. tending toward Carpenter’s var. munda. Several. *Ocinebra (sp.). One specimen. Boreotrophon gracilis Perry. One example. *Boreotrophon stuarti Smith. One example. *Boreotrophon stuarti praecursor Arnold. Several. Amphissa corrugata Rve. Common. Columbella tuberosa Cpr. Common. *Nassa mendica cooperi Fbs. One example. Fusus robustus Trask? One example. Fusus (sp.). Several. *Mitramorpha filosa intermedia Arnold. [ Note: This form was likewise found in a living condition by the writer at Pacific Grove, Cal., in April, 1908. ] Clathurella conradiana Gabb. Two specimens. *Tornatina cerealis Gld. Two examples. *Dentalium indianorum Cpr. One perfect adult specimen. *Psephidea (ovalis Dall?). One valve. THE NAUTILUS. 39 Venericardia ventricosa Gld. Abundant. Pecten jordani Arnold. Fragments and two juv. Pecten caurinus Gld. Fragments. Pecten (sp.). Fragments. Pecten hastatus Sby. Several valves. *Monia macroschisma Desh. One valve. *Glycymeris barbarensis Conr. One valve. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimp. Fragments of the test and loose spines of this sea-urchin. *Platidea anomioides Scacch. One perfect shell probably refer- able to this species was found which agrees well with specimens from San Pedro Bay (200 fathoms), except that the foramen is relatively smaller and the posterior and anterior angles are more acute. * * * * * * * ~ In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXX, Messrs. Dall and Bartsch propose the specific name montereyensis for the preoccupied Turbonilla gracillima of Gabb. The authors must have overlooked the fact that Dr. Cooper in his Monterey list pub- lished in the American Journal of Conchology for 1870 likewise noticed the untenability of Gabb’s name and rechristened the species Chemnitzia gabbiana, so that this name having priority must stand as Turbonilla (Chemnitzia?) gabbiana (J. G. C.). * * * * * * * Nassa perpinguis, var. bifasciata, nov. Among the mollusca col- lected recently at San Pedro by various collectors has been a color form of Nassa perpinguis Hds., which is strikingly distinct and is certainly worthy of a varietal name if color forms must be named. It differs from the ordinary form in the presence of two broad spiral bands of a deep chestnut color in abrupt contrast to the grayish-buff ground color of the shell. One of these bands is situated just below the suture, one about the periphery, and occasionally a fainter band makes it appearance at the extreme base of the last whorl. The bands vary considerably in width, but as yet I have seen no speci- mens having but a single band. Additional Notes on Monterey Mollusks. In my paper on the Molluscan Fauna of Monterey Bay, California, which appeared in the numbers of this magazine running from June to September, 1907, there were a few unavoidable errors and omis- 40 THE NAUTILUS. sions which may well be remedied. The following corrections should be made: June No., p. 18, near top. 304 species were listed; not 394. P. 18, near bottom of page. “ Terebratulina” transversa is a misprint for ‘“* Zerebratalia.” P.19. The identification of Barbatia gradata is a very doubtful one and the species should probably be removed from the list. July No., p. 35. “ Cregires”’ albopunctatus should be Aegires. Aug. No., p. 43. Odostomia (Ividea) navisa should be changed to O. (Ividia) navisa delmontensis, Dall & Bartsch. New subsp. P. 43. “ Triforts adversus”’ is not this species but an undeter- mined form. P. 43. “Setla assimilata C. B. Adams” was identified according to the common misconception of that tropical species. My speci- mens should be listed as ‘*Sez/a montereyensis Bartsch,” n. sp. One of the co-types came from this lot. P. 44. “Rissoitna”’ purpurea is a Rissoa. Sept. No., p. 52, near end of article. Should read as follows: “. . . of Scala (nine species), and of the Pyramidellidae (eighteen species),”’ etc. This last figure includes the additional forms enum- erated below. The following species and varieties have been determined from the same lot of material since the publication of the main report : Adula stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; not rare with the other borers in the hard mud. Cadulus quadrifissatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; one specimen. Actaeon punctocaelatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; young specimens only. Epiphragmophora sequoicola J. G. Cooper. Big Trees Station, near Santa Cruz; one immature specimen. Epiphragmophora arrosa Gould. Big Trees Station, near Santa Cruz; several examples. Epiphragmophora exarata Pfeiffer. Near Santa Cruz. Speci- mens were also seen from various localities in the Santa Cruz moun- tains and from Watsonville. Epiphragmophora californiensis nickliniana Lea. Big Trees Sta- tion, near Santa Cruz. Polygyra columbiana Lea. Big Trees Station, near Santa Cruz. Polygyra columbiana armigera Ancey. One specimen found a few miles south of Pacific Grove in the pine woods. THE NAUTILUS. 41 Murex ( Ocinebra) interfossus var. muricatus Cpr. Pacific Grove; not rare at low tide. Turbonilla (Turbonilla) gilli delmontensis Dall and Bartsch. 12 fathoms ; the type lot. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; one specimen. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) berryi Dall and Bartsch. Two or three specimens, including the type, dredged in 39 fathoms. Turbonilla ( Pyrgiscus) canfieldi Dall and Bartsch. 12 fms.; the type lot. Turbonilla ( Pyrgiscus) morchi Dall and Bartsch.? One specimen dredged in 29 fathoms was doubtfully referred by Messrs. Dall and Bartsch to this species. Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall. Specimens brought in by the fishermen. The foregoing bring the total collection, after due corrections, up to about 318 named species and varieties, including types or co-types of fourteen new species and two subspecies, besides nine other species not previously described, but the types of which were collected elsewhere. LAND SHELLS OF THE OKI ISLANDS, JAPAN. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIRASE. The Oki Islands, in the Sea of Japan north of western Hondo, consist of one large and three smaller islands and several islets, the the whole group about 23 miles long. Saigdis the chief harbor. It is on the southeast side of the largest island, which bas a diameter of about 10 miles. The highest elevation is said to be about 1700 feet. The mollusks of Oki have not before been noticed. Out of 24 species of land shells there are 9 forms which have as yet been found only on the Oki Islands. Two of these forms are reckoned to be of specific value; the other seven are subspecies of forms found on the adjacent portions of the Main Jsland of Japan, or in one case on T’sushima, though the two Ganesellas are so dis- tinct that they might with some reason be ranked as species. All of the other forms occur on the Main Island of Japan. The very close relation of the fauna of the Oki Islands with that 42 THE NAUTILUS. of the adjacent Main Island places these islands in harmony with Sado, Tsushima, Iki, and other islands in the Sea of Japan and Korea Strait, all of which have faunas which show them to have been joined at no remote period to the large islands of Japan. In the following list, the forms peculiar to Oki are marked with an asterisk (*). CYCLOPHORIDS. Alyczus melanopoma Pils. (?). Nakamura. Diplommatina cassa Pils. var, Saigo. * D. okiensis Pils. & Hir, Nakamura. A subspecies of this snail, D. 0. tsushimana, occurs on Tsushima. HELICID&. Eulota (Huhadra) peliomphala (Pfr.) var. Nakamura. Eulota (EHuhadra) senckenbergiana (Kob.) var. Nakamura. Eulota (Euhadra) callizona minor Gude. Nakamura. Eulota (Plectotropis) emula Gude. Nakamura. * Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir. Nishinoshima, Trishoplita endo Pils. & Hir. Nakanoshima. * Ganesella ferruginea okiensis P. & H. Nakamura. * Ganesella myomphala euomphala P. & H. Nakamura and Chiburijima. Chloritis tosanus okiensis P. & H. Nakamura. CLAUSILIID. Clausilia (Hemiphzdusa) harimensis Pils. Nakamura. Clausilia japonica vespertina Pils. Nishinoshima. Clausilia japonica ultima Pils. Nakamura. Clausilia nishinoshimana Pils, Nishinoshima.’ ZONITIDE. Macrochlamys subelimatus P. & H. Nakamura and Daimanji- yama. Microcystina vaga P. & H. Nakamura. Microcystina ceratodes (Gude). Nakamura. Kaliella ruida Pils. var. Nakamura. Kaliella fraterna Pils. Nakamura. * Kaliella okiensis Pils & Hir, Nakamura. ENID&. Ena reiniana (Kob.) var., shaped like ugoensis. Nishinoshima. AURICULID&, Carychium nipponense Pils. Saigo. The descriptions of new species and subspecies follow: ea eS a, THE NAUTILUS. 43 Diplommatina okiensis n. sp. The lower half of the shell, comprising two whorls, is cylindric, the upper half tapering in a rather long cone with straight sides. Adult shells are generally red-brown, rarely whitish, but the young are nearly white. There are nearly 7 moderately convex whorls, the penultimate, seen from the back, being the largest. The last whorl ascends in front, and has a strong, rather sharp ridge or col- lar a short distance behind the peristome, and preceded by a rather wide opaque whitish streak. The constriction is slight and median in front. The whole shell, after the smooth apex, has a sculpture of very fine, delicate, oblique, moderately close thread-strie. The aperture is nearly circular, the parietal callus having a slightly thickened edge, reaching up nearly to the suture. Peristome well reflexed, usually very slightly angular at the foot of the columella. Palatal plica very short, half covered by the parietal callus. Colu- mellar tooth moderately strong, deeply placed, thin but rather high within. Internal parietal lamella strongly developed. Length 4, diam. 2 mm. Nakamura, Oki. Types no. 95663 A. N.S. P., from no. 296 ¢ of Mr. Hirase’s collection. This species differs from D. paxillus (Gredler) by its strongly developed collar. It is closely related to the common Japanese D. collarifera Schm. & Bttg., but that species has a much longer palatal plica, a decidedly thicker and stronger columellar lamella inside, and only a weak internal parietal lamella. Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa n. subsp. The shell is depressed-conic with obtusely subangular periphery, thin, whitish corneous, with a broad brown band on the base, ex- tending from just below the periphery nearly to the umbilicus, and a narrow brown band above the periphery, ascending the spire above the suture. The surface has a minute sculpture of fine, somewhat waved or irregular strie, which are minutely and very elegantly granulose ; no distinct spiral lines. Alt. 8.3, diam. 13.38 mm.; whorls 54. Nishinoshima, Oki. Types no. 95840 A. N.S. P., from no. 1575 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. This snail, of which only 7 examples were taken, is most nearly related to 7. c. bipartita of Nagato province, which is less depressed, 44 THE NAUTILUS. less angular, and has no band above the periphery. The minute and very beautiful granulation is somewhat variable. Ganesella myomphala euomphala n, subsp. The shell is more depressed than myomphala, with the umbilicus open, though partially arched over by the dilated columellar lip, which, however, is not in the least impressed in the axial region. The form is much less depressed than G. m. omphalodes. Alt. 24, diam. 36 mm.; whorls 64. Alt. 23.5, diam. 35 mm.; whorls 64. Alt. 22.5, diam. 31 mm.; whorls 64. Nakamura, Oki. Cotypes No. 95835, A. N.S. P., from No. 1560 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. A smaller form of this subspecies was taken in small numbers (10 individuals) on Chiburijima, Oki. Two measure: Alt. 18.2, diam. 24.5 mm.; whorls 6. Alt. 17, diam. 23 mm.; whorls 6. Ganesella ferruginea okiensis n, subsp. The shell is much elevated, bullet-shaped, the outlines of the spire strongly convex; narrowly, obliquely umbilicate; rich chestnut-brown, encircled with a narrow yellow band at the periphery and ascending the spire above the suture; surface nearly lusterless, rather weakly marked with growth-wrinkles and minute spiral lines, some inter- mediate whorls of the spire punctate or subpapillose. Whorls con- vex, the last rounded periferally, convex beneath. Aperture very oblique, the upper and columellar margins subparallel; baso-columellar margin straightened, thickened within, the edge reflexed. Alt. 19.5, diam. 17 mm.; whorls 64. Alt. 17, diam. 16.2 mm.; whorls 64. Alt. 17, diam. 15.5 mm.; whorls 62. Nakamura, Oki. Types No, 95820, A. N.S. P., from No. 1564 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. This form is well distinguished by its high contour. It may prove to be specifically distinct, but for the present we prefer to attach it to the widely distributed G. ferruginea of the main island. Chloritis tosanus okiensis, n. subsp. Umbilicus wider than in C. tosanus, contained six times in the diameter of the shell. Hairs of the surface not so close. Alt. 8.8, diam. 16.8, width of umbilicus 2.8 mm. THE NAUTILUS. 45 _ Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95821, RONES. P., from No. 1567 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. Kaliella okiensis, n. sp. The shell is perforate, conic, amber-colored, glossy, the spire conic with slightly convex outlines, perifery thread-carinate, the base convex. The surface is smoothish, above, with faint growth-lines, and minute radial striz just below the suture on the intermediate whorls ; the base having faint spirals, not close together. Whorls 6, convex, slowly increasing, the last having a narrow, thread-like periferal keel. Aperture semilunar, rather narrow, the peristome rather broadly dilated near the axial insertion. Alt. 2.7, diam. 3.6, mm. Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95849 A. N.S. P., from No. 1568 of Mr. Hirase’s collection. Also No. 1569. This species stands near K. sororcula, but it differs in having the whorls crenulated below the suture on the spire. A NEW AMERICAN PLANORBIS. BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER. PLANORBIS BICARINATUS PORTAGENSIS Nl. var. Shell with the dorsal and ventral sides sharply carinated, the spire and umbilicus typically forming deep, cone-like depressions ; sculp- ture cf strong growth-lines and distinct spiral lines, as in b¢carinatus striatus ; aperture strongly auriculate, the upper and lower extremi- ties forming a strikingly developed V-shape. Height 8.00, breadth 14.00; aperture height 10.00, breadth 5.50 mm. Height 8.00, breadth 13.00 ; aperture height 9.00, breadth 5.00 mm. Habitat: Portage Lake, on Fish River, Aroostook County, Maine. (Collected by O. O. Nylander; types in collection of Chicago Academy of Sciences.) This peculiar variety may be known by the strong keels on the shoulder and base and by the V-shaped upper and lower margins of the aperture, which produce a notably auriculate aspect. It was at first thought to be a form of Walker’s variety major, but a compari- son with specimens of the latter received from the author shows that the two are distinct varieties. 46 THE NAUTILUS. LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG (TAGOLANDA.) BY H. A. PILSBRY. Tagolanda or Tangulandang is a small island between Celebes and Mindanao, about fifty miles from the N. E. extremity of the former, and between that and Sangi (Sangir). So far as I know, nothing has been known of its mollusks. A collector for Mr. Walter F. Webb, of Rochester, N. Y., took a number of land shells there, which show that the fauna has relations with both Celebes and Sangi. The list follows. Cyclotus politus Sowerby. Found also in Celebes, Flores, Timor and some other islands of the same region, but not north of Tagolanda. Leptopoma tagolandense n. sp. Pl. IV, figs. 1, 2. A species of the group of Z. manadense. The shell is narrowly umbilicate, acutely carinate, slightly wider than high; typically corneous-whitish densely speckled with brown and encircled with a dark chestnut band below the periphery, but sometimes wanting this band. The brown spots are larger and rather regularly spaced just above the periphery and below the suture; the first three whorls are uniform yellowish-corneous or brown. Whorls 54, all rather strongly convex, the last having an acute, projecting periferal keel, below which it is moderately convex. The first half-whorl is smooth; then 5 to 7 fine spiral threads begin. On the fourth whorl interstitial spiral strie appear, continuing to the end, the primary spirals re- taining their prominence as subequally spaced cords among the fine spiral strie of the later whorls. The base is finely striate the strie slightly unequal. Aperture oblique, sub-circular; lip white, not continuous, the upper margin expanded, basal margin reflexed; columellar circular dilated. Alt. 14, diam. 15 mm.; width of aper- ture 8 mm. This species differs from L. menadense in sculpture. It stands near L. vexillum, well figured by the Sarasins, but the last whorl is more convex above than below the keel (whereas vexi/lum is more convex below), and there are fewer major spiral cords, 5 to 7 on the upper surface of the last whorl, while veazdlum has 10. There is also a form without brown markings, the shell bluish- white, yellowish-white at the spire. This may be called var. ¢mmac- ulata. Some individuals have a dark chestnut band below the keel. THE NAUTILUS. 47 Obba marginata (Miill.). Elsewhere found widely distributed in the Philippines. The var. sororcula Marts. in Celebes. Helicostyla leucophthalma tagolandensis n. subsp. PI. IV, figs. 5, 6, 7. Shell smaller than leucophthalma, slightly more solid, the lip more broadly expanded; bluish-white with many light green revolving bands and lines on the last half or more of the last whorl. Whorls only 34. Alt. 21, diam. 32 to 35.5 mm. H. leucophthalma Pfr. was thought at first to be from Celebes, but the locality Great Sangi Island was pointed out by Ancey several years ago, and the Sarasins collected it there, and have figured the snail laying its eggs in a folded leaf, in their great work on Celebes (p. 204, plate 27). Pfeiffer described and figured leucophthalma as covered with a thin tawny cuticle, irregularly streaked, and having two narrow brown bands above, two wider ones on the base; and it measured, alt. 21-22, diam. 42 mm., whorls nearly 4. His descrip- tion and figures are reproduced in Manual of Conchology, Vol. VII, palais, pl. 26, f. 16, 17. The specimens I have seen from Great Sangi agree better with those described by Sarasins. The spire is transparent-white, as usual; the last whorl is covered with a chestnut or wood-brown or olive-brown cuticle, which is darkest behind the lip, and fades out to almost white at the beginning of the whorl. This cuticle is obscurely streaked with darker, and shows traces of darker spiral bands and lines. Around the axis there isa paler area. In another shell, a ground similar to that just described is cut into bands above the periphery by white spiral zones, and there is a large white axial area. These shells are figured, plate IV, figs. 3, 4. They measure 39 to 41 mm. in diameter. H. leucophthalma evidently belongs to the subgenus Corasia, not to Crystallopsis. It is possible that Pfeiffer’s types were from another island of the same group, or they may have been merely from another colony on Great Sangi. Such local color-races often exist in close proximity. Xesta cincta (Lea). Also found in Celebes, in several varieties. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. How Fureéur anp Sycotypus Eat Oysters, MussELs anpD Ciams. By Harold Sellers Colton (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1908). The behavior of specimens kept captive in a salt-water aquarium in the vivarium of the University of Pennsylvania has been studied by Mr. Colton. His observations contradict the preva- lent impressions as to the feeding of conchs, and should lead to further work on the subject. We quote part of Mr. Colton’s ob- servations on Fulgur (Sycotypus) canaliculatum; ‘The Sycotypus 48 THE NAUTILUS. had not been fed for a month or so... . It attacked one of the oysters five minutes after I placed them with it. . . . The Sycotypus crawled on top of the oyster, which closed its valves. The conch waited two minutes when the oyster opened its valves. Rotating its shell on the axis of the columella through an angle of 70°, it thrust its own shell between the valves of the oyster and introduced its proboscis between the shells. Forty minutes later it left the empty shell. «‘ Sycotypus does not wedge the shells of Mya apart, because it can get at the soft parts without doing so, since the valves gap slightly. To test this I introduced an oyster that had had three- quarters of an inch broken from the margins of both valves on the end away from the hinge so that the valves appeared to gap. I found that Sycotopus attacked this one in the same manner as it attacked Mya and did not wedge the shells apart. “ Fulgur eating Venus is a much more complicated case. The conch (Fulgur perversa or F. carica) grasps the Venus in the hollow of its foot, bringing the margin of the Venus shell against its own shell margin. By contracting the columellar muscle it forces the margins of the shells together, which results in a small fragment being chipped from the shell of Venus. ‘This is repeated many times and, finally, the crack between the valves is enlarged to a width of 3mm. or more. The proboscis is normally about 5 mm. to 8 mm. in diameter. There are three ways in which it may get at the animal. First, it may flatten out its proboscis so that it will go through the crack; secondly, it may pour in a secretion between the valves which kills the clam, and, thirdly, it may wedge its shell between the valves of the Venus. By contracting its columellar muscle it may actually wedge the valves apart. Venus never opens its valves of itself when it is in the grasp of a Fulgur, while Ostrea, after the first shock, opens wide its valves as if no danger was near. ‘‘ Fulgur and Sycotypus often break their own shell when opening oysters and clams, and this accounts no doubt for the irregular growth-lines seen on their shells. ‘This method of inserting the margin of a gasteropod between the valves of a Lamellibranch has been noticed before. Francois (1890) ~ briefly reports that Murex fortispina has a special tooth on the mar- gin of its aperture for the purpose of inserting between the valves of Areca. It may be that this manner of attacking the soft parts of bivalves is a very common habit of Prosobranch mollusks.” The several stages in the processes described are fully illustrated. NOTE. The scarcity of ‘‘copy”’ during the summer months has caused us to issue a single number for August and September. The usual number of pages for the year will be made up by enlarging a future number. Plate IV. will appear next month. =i e - . s+ , . a * >s “ ) . « f ‘ . @ as , « ’ 1 ~ hae ‘ 1 14 hoe” @ “ wi ; ? TY { fh - . : 1? Je tat = be O45 \ ' i ‘ ' : * - : - = ‘ + > fa) f 2 > oY ‘ ~ . 1 a - * . LU - be y= + * 7 ‘ al a . - =a ; toa @ > rcs = ; . ? - - = 9 at ty > PLATE IV- 4 THE NAUTILUS, XXII. LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG AND SANGI. Tae o NET LUS. Vou. XXII. OCTOBER, 1908. No. 6. SOME NOTES ON THE LOCOMOTIVE DISK OF STYLOMMATOPHORA. BY V. STERKI. During 1907 I made some studies and observations on the mor- phology of some of our land snails, and especially on the foot. The results were very incomplete and fragmentary; but the notes re- specting the sole and ‘locomotive disk ”’ appear to be of some inter- est, and a summary of them is here given. Of about thirty-seven species, I had occasion to observe living animals, and of some of them preserved specimens could be com- pared. The results obtained are somewhat at variance with those published by other conchologists, which appear to have been ob- tained mainly from preserved material. It may be mentioned that a piece of thin glass is conveniently used to let the snails creep on. In this way, the sole can not only be seen with the naked eye, but lenses and even strong doublets can be used, and the foot seen in both reflected and transmitted light. If kept on a slide, upside down, minute snails can be examined and observed under a low-power microscope. It is recommended to fasten a few small slips or narrow strips of glass on the glass plate, best a pair of them close together, in order to observe the shape and motions of the sole when detached from the even surface, while a snail creeps over these obstacles. The majority of the snails showed locomotive waves on the under surface of the foot while creeping. On about one-third, none could be seen. The waves proceed from the posterior end, or from near 50 THE NAUTILUS. the same, following each other towards the anterior, but in some instances do not reach the latter. The number of simultaneous waves is various in the several species, genera and groups, but rather constant in one species; they also vary in extent, and may be faster or slower, regular or irregular, very distinct to more or less obscure. In most species, they are confined to a median zone of the sole, nar- rower or wider, corresponding with the so-called locomotive disk. In some species, resp. groups, that disk is marked off from the marginal zones by a more or less marked line, more or less distinct in alcoholic specimens. But in some the zones are not noticeable on the dead body, while in the living, creeping animal, the waves are very distinct and sharply restricted to the median zone. This was especially noticed in Polygyra (Stenotrema, Triodopsis + Mesodon), and in Helix hortensis, for which the existence of a disk has been denied ; also in some of the Zonitide, Agriolimax, Vertigo, Succinea. But there are noticeable differences, as will be stated later on. In a few snails, of various groups, the waves extend over the whole width of the sole, e. g., in Otrcinaria coneava Say, Vallonia sp., Bifidaria armifera Say. There are no marginal zones in these, so far as I was able to see, and it is probable that the muscles of the sole are different, comparatively wider than the others. In a number of others, no waves could be seen, and no differenti- ated longitudinal zones. Such were: part of the Zonitide, such as Gastrodonta ligera, Zonitoides nitidus, arboreus, minusculus, all Patula, Helicodiscus, Philomycus. Moreover, it appears that at least in the Zonitide cited, the sole is of a formation different from that of, e. g.,the Polygyre; it seems that an additional layer of tissue is superposed on the under surface of the foot. The surface has a different appearance, the sole seems thicker, and the double lateral lines, above the margins of the foot appear to point to the same conclusion. Unfortunately, I had no time to make exact ana- tomical and histological examination of these parts, but some anatomist may take the subject up. It is interesting and significant that such differences are found among our Zonitide. It has been pointed out, long ago, by some scientists, that the family includes some widely different forms or types, with all similarity of the shells, and even the radula, etc. And it will be noted that, e. g., Gastrodonta and Zonitoides, which were denoted as showing no locomotive waves, no longitudinal zones, ~ THE NAUTILUS. ol and a peculiar formation of the sole, are among those Zonitid@ which are provided with a dart sack and dart, while Omphalina and Hyalina (= Vitrea) are devoid of such. It is possible that the formation of the foot may add features of distinction between various natural groups of this complex family, and in close connection with it may be the presence or absence of a caudal mucus gland (and mucus pore). Systematic Review. ZONITIDA. Omphalina fuliginosa Griff. Locomotive waves in a median zone which is marked off by slight superficial lines, which are slight fur- rows when the sole is detached from a surface. The waves are not as distinct as, e. g., Polygyra, and apparently more remote from the surface of the sole. Hyalina (Vitrea) indentata Say and radiatula Ald. Waves in a median zone, in the anterior 2 or 3, indistinct, and mostly not seen at all near the posterior end. The surface layer undulating forward and backward over [under] each advancing wave. Gastrodonta ligera Say. No waves seen. Foot and sole as de- scribed above, for this and the four following species. A darkish median line is ill-defined and has nothing to do with a locomotive disk. Zonitoides nitidus Miill., arboreus Say, minusculus Binn., Huconu- lus chersinus Say. No waves; no zones seen. LIMACID&., Agriolimax campestris Binn. Waves in narrow median zone, following each other in rapid succession, about ten simultaneously, while the surface layer of the sole shows forward and backward un- dulation with each wave. When the animal proceeds slowly (for a snail!), the waves are more or less irregular, even undulating, and sometimes no waves can be seen when the animal moves very slowly. This has been noticed also on some other snails. CIRCINARIID2. Circinaria concava Say. The waves extend over the whole width of the sole; the same was seen on a very small, young specimen ; no zones seen. OZ THE NAUTILUS. HELICIDA. Polygyra hirsuta, fraterna, tridentata, fraudulenta, inflecta, palliata, mitchelliana, thyroides, albolabris and var. minor, profunda: waves very distinct, in a rather sharply defined median zone, regularly proceeding from the posterior end to the anterior, about 7 or 8 simultaneously in hirsuta and fraterna, 10 to 12 in the large species. Marginal zones with fine radiating lines. It may be noted here, in a general way, that the number of waves is easily over-estimated, and it is somewhat difficult to count them, if more than two to four. Helix (Tachea) hortensis Mull. Zones plainly visible! the mar- ginal areas rather narrow; waves, in the median, distinct. Vallonia pulchella, excentrica, costata: no zones seen; waves extending over the whole width of the sole, rather fast, about four simultaneously. The waves can be seen in lateral view, in trans- mitted light. Nore.—There is a possibility, however, that in these and other minute snails, narrow marginal zones exist and have been over- looked, to which the waves are transmitted. ENDODONTID&. Patula solitaria, alternata, perspectiva, striatella, Helicodiscus lineatus Say: no zones seen, and no waves. It seems that the for- mation and texture of the sole are rather different from those of Polygyra, and more like those of Gastrodonta and Zonitoides. PHILOMYCID&. Philomycus carolinensis Bosc., and another species which is prob- ably distinct: no zones, and no waves seen. PUPIDZ. Bifidaria armifera Say. No zones seen; waves extending over the whole width of the sole, about four simultaneously, rather irreg- ular, and often disappearing before reaching the anterior end, and apparently commencing anywhere, also stopping and quasi rebound- ing anywhere; in short, more irregular than in any other species. This seems to be concordant with the jerky motion of the animal. Vertigo ovata Say. Sole with three zones, the median one widen- THE NAUTILUS. 53 ing towards the anterior end so that the marginals disappear. Waves distinct, in the median zone, two to three simultaneously. ‘ Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Waves seen; other details in doubt. SUCCINEID, Succinea avara Say. Sole with three zones; waves in the median, 3—4, rapidly moving forward, each one drawing along parts of the marginals. The surface layer moves forward and backward, undulating, with every wave passing. When part of the foot is detached from its support, the waves can be seen there proceeding on the more or less contracted and folded sole. S. retusa Lea. Three zones, median one with 4—5 waves. PALUDESTRINA SALSA, PILSBRY. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. It seems odd that a species so widely distributed, and fairly abundant, should have escaped the eyes of New England collectors so long. Yet its dwelling-place is peculiar. A word as to where it occurs may be of interest. It was first noticed by the writer at a spot where a brook enters the marsh at Branford, Conn. The site is probably three miles inland from Long Island Sound, and the water at this spot must be fresh. Later I found it more abundant on vegetable matter in a ditch in the marsh near the railroad in Branford and a mile nearer the sound. ‘The waters here would be brackish. I have not seen the locality where Mr. Owen Bryant found it at Cohasset. Last summer I located it in a pot hole in the marsh at Wareham, Mass. This locality showed it in a pot hole without an outlet. I have not seen it in such a place elsewhere. The locality mentioned in my last article in the Nauritus (vol. XXI, p. 75) where my daughter found it at East Warebam, was among flags near the border of the Agawam river. The character of the water may be understood from the fact that I was in mid- stream examining Unio complanatus when she found P. salsa in the same river. Last winter I took up a residence in Danvers, Mass., and have found FP. salsa here. Two localities reveal it; both are spots where the water ebbs and flows, and not closed pot holes. 54 THE NAUTILUS. Danvers lies back of Salem and Beverly at the headwaters of a branching bay. A few days ago I made a trip to Plum Island. Leaving the train at Rowley, I found P. salsa in a small ditch close to the railroad station. A half-mile further down Litorinella minuta was abundant in closed pot holes, but P. salsa not there. I do not recall finding the two in company, yet they are often near neighbors. We now have a distribution of this species from the New Haven area in Conn., to Rowley, Mass., just north of Cape Ann, and very near the New Hampshire line. A NEW CECUM. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. Caecum Johnsont n, sp. Shell minute, tusk-shaped, slightly tapering, lightly curved, 24 mm. in length, $ to 3 of a millimeter in diameter. Apex plug pro- trudes in a dome shape. Aperture circular, end of the tube at the apex is at right angles to the longer axis of the cylinder. Aperture end at an angle, sloping towards the convex side, color dull white to horn color, surface marked by lines of growth, but not ribbed. Dredged at Woods Hole, Mass., on gravel bottom in 2 to 3 fathoms. Easily mistaken for C. pulchellum. In size, color and form it resembles that species but lacks the ribs, and the dome-shaped plug in the apex is not seen in pulehellum. Types in Winkley collection. It gives me much pleasure to name this shell for one who has shown himself a lover of the science, and a friend to his fellow- workers, Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural History. A SMALL ADDITION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DANISH MOLLUSCAN FAUNA. BY HANS SCHLESCH, COPENHAGEN. About 15 miles north of Copenhagen on the beautiful coast of the Sound stands the pretty village of Rungsted, where many well-to-do people from Copenhagen have their summer villas. Between Rungsted and Horsholm (German Hirschholm) and a mile to the THE NAUTILUS. 5d west, where King Christian VI erected a castle, we find a woods called ‘ Polehaven.” It was formerly used as a park for the now demolished castle. In the edge of the woods opposite the railway station of Rungsted and in the meadow between the woods and Rungsted I found the species of mollusks mentioned below. My friend Mr. Niels Petersen has assisted me in collecting these. Limax maximus Linné, is very rare. I have also found some other species of Zimaz, but up to now I have not been able to determine them. Vitrina pellucida Miller, is very common. Arion empiricorum Ferussac is found over the whole place. Besides Polita cellaria Miiller, some other species of Hyalina as Conulus fulvus Miiller are found at both localities. Punctum pygmaeum Drapar- Tacheah. v. fascis-transparenti naud. bus (= v. albina). Patula rotundata Miller. Helicogena pomatia Linné. Vallonia pulchella Muller. Clausiliastra laminata Montagu. Vallonia costata Muller. Clausiliastral.v. granulata Zieg- Trichia hispida Linné. ler Monacha incarnata Miller. Pirostoma bidentata Strom. Eulota fruticum Muller. Pirostoma b. v. septentrionalis A. Eulota f.v. fasciata Moq. Tand. Schmidt. Eulotaf.v.alba-unifasciata Hesp. Pirostoma plicatula Draparnaud. Eulota f. v. abina. Pirostoma pumila Ziegler. Arianta arbustorum Linné. Napacus obseurus Miller. Ariantaa.v.trochoidalis Roffiaen. Vertigo antivertigo Muller. Ariantaa.v.roseolabiataSchlesch Vertigo pusilla Muller. nov. var.' Vertigo angustior Jeffreys. Arianta a. f. scalaris. One spe- Cochlicopa lubrica Muller. cimen only. Succinea putris Linne. Tachea nemoralis Linné.’ Succinea p. v. albina. Tachea n. f. major. Succinea pfeiffert Rossmissler. Tachea hortensis Miller. Succinea p. v. albina. Tachea h. v. roseolabiata. Carychium minimum Miiller. 1The mouth brim is rose-colored as Zachea hortensis Miller var. roseolabiata Rare. 2Mr. Niels Petersen has given me some specimens found at Rungsted, the ribs of which are so marked that they look as if they belonged to Tachea austriaca Mihlfeldt. 56 THE NAUTILUS. MESESCHIZA GROSVENORII, LEA. BY A. A. HINKLEY. A few remarks on this subject in addition to the writer’s notes in the Naurizus for May, 1901, may not be amiss, The Wabash river was visited in August of the present year, at several places in Posy county, Indiana. The writer was determined to find the form described by Dr. Lea under the above name if it still existed. On the ‘“‘ Chains”’ where a stream of water passed with consider- able current, the young Angitrema armigera were in large numbers on the under side of the rocks. Here the Meseschiza form was found quite plentiful, and some three hundred specimens were taken. It is a characteristic lot of young Angitrema armigera, with the ex- ception of the notch in the lip, showing all the variations of color markings. The notch varies as to development and location. Of the specimens taken, twenty-five per cent. or more have the notch at the perifery ; in many of these a line of lighter color is left to mark the former positions of the notch, this line does not precede the notch on any other part of the shell. These notched forms were only found where the water had a strong current; and it was not confined entirely to Angitrema armigera, for specimens of Pleurocera and Vivipara subpurpurea were taken in the same situation with the same peculiar notch. Pyrgulopsis wabashensis was found on water plants in quiet water, on moss-covered rocks and timbers where there was some current at the water’s edge, and at the old dam near New Harmony they were found in mid-stream, on rocks covered with a little moss and sediment. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HAWAIIAN MARINE SHELLS. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G. VANATTA. BITTIUM HILOENSE n. sp. Fig. 1. The shell has the usual oblong-turrite shape, and is uniform yel- lowish gray-white except the swollen, slightly exserted first whorl, THE NAUTILUS. 57 which is opaque white and smooth. Subsequent whorls are flattened but separated by a deep suture, the earlier ones having two spiral beaded cords. At the end of the first 34 to 4 whorls a third spiral cord appears. The last whorl is rounded periferally, and has about 10 spiral cords, separated by spaces of about their own width; the upper 5 or 6 are nodose at the intersections of low, narrow, vertical folds, which do not extend below the perifery. The last whorl has a low, rounded, rather massive varix behind the outer lip. Aperture oval, produced in a short, deep channel at the base. Length 3.34, diam. 1.39 mm.; whorls 64. Hilo, Hawaii. Types no. 95906 A. N. S. P., collected by Mr. D. Thaanum. This tiny Bittvwn is somewhat related to B. leucocephalum Wat- Lies le Fre. 2, Fie, 3. son, described from the reef at Honolulu, from which it differs in many details of shape and sculpture. Watson’s type is evidently an immature shell, smaller than B. Ailoense, but it has 8 whorls, while hiloense has but 64. Torinia discoidea sterkii n. subsp. Fig. 2. The shell is depressed, biconvex with flat perifery, widely umbili- cate, the width of umbilicus contained 2.6 times in that of the shell. 58 THE NAUTILUS. First whorl is smooth, convex and bicolored, a spiral deep reddish- brown band half the width of the whorl revolving below the suture ; on the second whorl this band spreads, becomes diluted, and finally disappears. Last whorl grayish, with white and brown spots along the periferal beaded cords. The last whorl has 5 beaded spiral cords above, the first and fifth larger; a beaded spiral lies between the two cords at the periferal angles. The base has 7 beaded spirals, the outer one and three inner larger than the others. Suture chan- neled. Alt. 2.3, diam. 4.6 mm. Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, H. I. (F. Stearns). Types in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No. 93833, Differs from typical 7. discoidea Pease in having one more spiral row of beads on the upper surface of the whorls and in having a small spiral row of beads between the two peripheral larger rows. It is also darker in color. The type specimens were picked from shell-sand by Dr. V. Sterki, in whose honor it is named. The same form was taken at the Marquesas Islands by C. D. Voy. TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) THAANUMI n. sp. Fig. 8. The shell is very slender, turrite, slowly tapering, a little more rapidly so near the summit; somewhat translucent white. One nuclear whorl is planorboid, its axis not quite at a right angle with that of the shell, but a little oblique. Post-nuclear whorls are sculptured with rounded ribs, slightly oblique and gently sigmoid, equal to the intervals, and extending from suture to suture. On the last whorl there are 22 axial ribs; and the intervals parting them stop abruptly a short distance below the periphery, leaving the rest of the base smooth. There is no spiral sculpture. The sutures are deeply impressed ; whorls evenly convex. The aperture is about one-fifth the total length, ovate. Columella nearly straight, some- what concave below, gently convex above. Length 3.1, diam. 0.82 mm.; post-nuclear whorls 84. Hilo, Hawaii. Type no. 95907 A. N.S. P., collected by Mr. D. Thaanum. This species differs from the Hawaiian 7. decussata Pease by the absence of spiral sculpture. THE NAUTILUS. 59 NOTES. Those interested in that most fascinating group, the Cephalopods, are quite likely to overlook a recent interesting contribution to our knowledge of the natural history of two of the larger species of cuttlefish and squid. The reference is to a chapter called (some- what misleadingly since largely occupied with an account of the Californian octopus Polypus punctatus) ‘‘Ten Armed Game,” occu- pying pp. 49-64 in Charles F. Holder’s book “ Big Game At Sea”’ (The Outing Publishing Co., 1908). The book is an account of sporting experiences written for sports- men and by no means pretends to be scientific, but bears internal evidence that the author is quite aware not only of the difference be- tween imagination and testimony to fact, but of the distinction be- tween first and second-hand testimony. In short, one judges that he has actually seen and done just about what he says he has— though he does not purport to state with the accuracy of a trained naturalist—and if so he has had experiences with giant forms of cephalopods most rare to men sufficiently educated to put them before the public. There are three excellent full-page photographs, two of “ giant octopi”’ from California (one ‘fifteen feet across ”’—7. e., tip to tip of spread tentacles—the other, size not given, said in text to grow to twenty-five or thirty feet), and one of a “large squid caught at Avalon, Santa Catalina Ids.,” by the author. The latter picture is extraordinary if not absolutely unique. It does not look ‘ faked,” unless perhaps about the eye, and the animal appears fresh if not actually alive, while the detail is clear. Unfortunately no measure- ments are given, nor is there any object in the picture to serve as a scale, while the text is annoyingly ambiguous. The author states that the length of the largest squid actually handled and measured by him was fifty feet (of which the long pair of tentacles made thirty), but rather implies that this was a Newfoundland specimen, presumably of Architeuthis princeps which Verrill has so elucidated. Squids ranging from seven to eight feet in length are stated to be common on the California coast, where they may be watched in schools from boats—one would think with some slight misgivings if the boat were very small. Probably the figure is of one of these, though it somehow gives the impression of being larger—at all events it is self-evidently not an Architeuthis. 60 THE NAUTILUS. Those interested must read the chapter for themselves and regret its shortness and shortcomings, with the hope that the author may give students the benefit of a more full and exact account of the re- sults of his unusual opportunities in this direction. Anyone who has ever studied living squids cannot but delight in his simile of the sheet-ligktning of a setting thunder-storm for the color-play of the chromatophores. At all events it bears the hail- mark of genuine observation.—F. N. Batcu. LOTORIUM FELIPPONEI x. sp. by H. von Ihering, Buenos Aires, 1908. Anew species of the “ Triton” pileare group is described and figured in this paper, issued as a separate publication. It was found at Maldanado, Uruguay, by Dr. Florentino Felippone, of Montevideo. Errata.—In the June number, the following corrections should be made. Page 15, line 19, for “‘ [now Bergh] ” read [on Bergh]. P. 16, line 9, for ‘“*now” read ‘* non Coryphella bostoniensis (Couth.).”’ Mrs. GrorGe ANDREWws died at her home, Circle Park, Knox- ville, Tenn., on Saturday, September 5th. Many conchologists, especially those of us whose activity in the science dates back twenty years or more, were friends or correspondents of Mrs. Andrews, and will hear of her death with sorrow. <A notice of Mrs. Andrews’s life will follow. Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss is exploring the mountains of Arizona for land shells, ferns, etc., intending to return about the first of No- vember. Dr. Jonn B. TRASK, a pioneer of science on the West Coast, is the subject of an interesting article by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns (Science, Aug. 21). Trask went to California in 1850 and was one of the little coterie who founded the California Academy of Science. He discovered many mollusks, among other scientific labors, Eptphrag- mophora traski, and several other species bear his name. TELE ee) Noa: US. VoL. XXII. NOVEMBER, 1908. ING a. A GIGANTIC SOLEMYA AND A NEW VESICOMYA. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. In the course of the Albatross dredgings in the Philippines during the period in which Dr. Paul Bartsch of the U.S. National Museum was attached to the scientific staff of that vessel, a dredging was made between the islands of Ticao and Masbate in 600 fathoms. Among the objects obtained from this haul (station 5215) was the fresh shell of a Solemya, which, compared with the previously known species, may be regarded as enormous. Nothing remained of the soft parts which had evidently been but recently lost. Solemya (Acharazx) bartschit n. sp. Shell subcylindrical, gaping at the ends and along the base, cov- ered with a strong polished black periostracum which extends over the margins, being continuous over the dorsal portion between the valves and produced beyond the edges of the shelly portion, basally about 40, in front about 35, and behind about 15 millimeters. In life this produced periostracum, undoubtedly covers and protects’ the portions of the surface of the animal not sheltered by the calcified valves ; the margin at the anterior end is not split into strips cor- responding to the radii of the shell as in the large American species of the group, but preserves ifs continuity and is contracted margin- ally so that in life it must closely cover the whole anterior end of the animal, in a dome-like manner. Internally the ligament is wholly 62 THE NAUTILUS. opisthodetic but in front of the beaks the periostracum is produced inside the dorsal margin as well as externally. This interior exten- sion covers a narrow strip of the thickened dorsal margin of each of the valves, leaving about two-thirds of these pseudo-nymphs bare and strongly radially grooved and striate, the radii diverging from the dorsal margin of the valves slightly in front of the beaks, and doubt- less serving to make more efficient the local attachment of the periostracum, which is here thickened and expanded. The ligament is wide and strong, external, but visible in the gap between the valves behind the beaks and supported by heavily calcified nymphs. Behind the nymphs the dorsal margin of the shell on each side ex- hibits a long and conspicuous indentation. The valves are heavily calcified, internally radiately striate, the ventral margin straight, the dorsal margin nearly parallel to it except as modified by the nymphs, the two valves touching only near the beaks, which are low but swollen, the rather narrow dorsal interval between the valves being covered by a continuous sheet of the thick periostracum. The posterior muscular impression is of moderate size and obliquely ovate, the anterior smaller, narrow and rhomboid in shape; the pal- lial line is obscure and continuous, situated close to the margin of the valves; externally the surface is smooth except for lines of growth and a number of shallow, wide, radiating channels which proceed from the beaks toward the margin of the valves, where they produce a certain amount of undulation. Anteriorly there are eight, posteriorly six of these channels, with a median space which has no rays, and, on the basal margin of the valves, is about 50 mm. wide. The beaks are about 75.0 mm., in front of the posterior end. The shelly part of the valves is 191 mm. long (the total length including periostracum is about 240 mm.), the height 62 mm. (with periostra- cum about 100 mm.), and the estimated diameter of the valves in life about 60 mm. The perfect condition of this specimen enables us to understand the origin and use of the striated and thickened area of the an- terior dorsal margin of the values, already noted by me in S. (A.) agassizti from the Gulf of Panama. ‘To preserve it in its present satisfactory state it will be kept in alcohol. With this remarkable specimen was obtained an interesting shell of Vesicomya, also without the soft parts, which may be described as follows : THE NAUTILUS. 63 Vesicomya ticaonica n. sp. Shell ovate, tumid, inequilateral, with the beaks within the anterior fourth of the length, low, prosocoelous, tumid, overhanging a large cordate lunule, of which the left valve carries a somewhat large por- tion; surface rude, sculptured irregularly and strongly by incre- mental lines; periostracum brownish, covering a livid whitish shell; ligament rather long, set in a deep, narrow groove; hinge as usual in the genus; interior chalky-white except the polished muscular im- pressions ; pallial line broad, slightly irregular, with a feeble insinu- ation below the posterior adductor scars; shell thin, margins entire. Length 63, height 45, diameter 30, the beaks behind the anterior end 15mm. The ligament is about 22, and the lunule 14 mm. in length. The shell is more tumid and more attenuated in front of the beaks than any other described species and exceeds most of them in size. THE MOLLUSCA OF MCLENNAN COUNTY, TEXAS. BY JOHN K. STRECKER, JR. In 1883, Mr. Henry Hemphill sent a few species of shells from Waco, to Dr. W. G. Binney. These specimens are now in the Binney collection in the United States National Museum (see Manual of American Land Shells, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., No. 28, 1885, pp- 477, 485, etc.). I have been unable to find any examples of two of the species recorded, i. e., Praticolella griseola Pfr. and Vitrea sculptilis Bland. In Singley’s list of Texas Mollusca (Report Geol. Survey of Texas, 1893, pp. 299-343) several species of McLennan county shells are mentioned. I include Bulimulus d. schiedianus Pfr. in my list on this authority, although I have not collected it personally. Examples of all of the other species mentioned in this paper have been collected by me during the past two years. Future investiga- tions will doubtless bring others to light but as Jocal lists of Texas 1The records of these two species from Waco are in all probability erroneous ; the specimens identified as griseola must bea thin form of P. berlandieriana, and the supposed V. sculptilis is V. indentata umbilicata.—Ep. 64 THE NAUTILUS. Mollusca are exceedingly few and far between, I feel that my list is sufficiently complete for publication at this time. During the present year, the heavy rises and great floods have played havoc with the various species of univalves inhabiting our smaller streams. In 1907 a light-colored variety of Planorbis tumidus Pfr. was found in Waco Creek in countless thousands but in July of the present year repeated visits to the most favorable places on this stream failed to result in the finding of a single living specimen. In April, 1908, I collected a large number of examples of Lymnea bulimoides techella Hald and Physa mexicana conoidea C. & F. ina small stream flowing through Lindsey’s Hollow. As my time was limited, I left the collecting of a still larger series until another time. A month later, during the flood, all of the mollusks in the stream were washed into the Brazos River. On the other hand, the drying-up of most of the smaller water courses in the latter part of the summer is also responsible for the destruction of many species. In places along Hog Creek, during the dry season, I have found thousands of fresh dead shells of Physa forsheyt Lea, Planorbis bicarinatus Say and Planorbis tumidus Pfr. lying together in one heap. In the same place, on a bed of sand and gravel, I have found half-grown living examples of Anodonta im- becilis Say. The bed of this stream, in some places, is composed of pebbles and small boulders to a depth of 18 or 20 inches, and when the naiads are left high and dry it is impossible for them to burrow down to the line of moisture. At Day’s Lake I have found living specimens of a variety of Unio tetralasmus Say that must have been out of the water for several months. They were half buried in a bank of dry earth about five feet above the water line. This Unio is much more tenacious of life than our species of Quadrula and Lampsilis, as a very few hours in the sun usually suffices to kill them. Thanks are due to Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit who kindly identified most of the species on the list. Also to Mr. W. B. Marshall, U. S. Natl. Mus. Washington, D. C., and Dr. W. S. Strode, Lewistown, IIl., to whom the others were referred. THE NAUTILUS. Helicina orbiculata tropica Jan. Praticolella berlandieriana Mor- icand. Praticolella griseola Pfr. Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea. Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni Weth. Polygyra mooreana W. G. B. Polygyra texasiana Moricand. Polygyra roemeri Pfr. Polygyra monodon fraterna Say. Bulimulus dealbatus liquabilus Rve. Bilimulus dealbatus mooreanus Pfr. Bulimulus' dealbatus — schiedi- anus Pfr. Strobilops labyrinthica _ texasi- ana P. & F. Pupoides marginatus Say. Bifidaria armifera Say. Bifidaria contracta Say. Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad. Bifidaria pentodon Say. Bifidaria procera cristata P.& F. Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella Pils. Vitrea sculptilis Bland. Vitrea indentata Say. Vitrea indentata umbilicata Singley. Vitrea dalliana roemeri P. & F. Euconulus fulvus Mull. Euconulus chersinus trochulus Reinh, Zonitoides arboreus Say. Zonitoides minusculus Binn. Zonitoides singleyanus Pils. Limax flavus Linn. Philomycus carolinensis Bosc. 65 Pyramidula alternata Say. Helicodiscus eigenmanni P. & F. Punctum pygmeum Drap. Succinea avara Say. Carychium exile H. C. Lea. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Planorbis liebmanni Pfr. Planorbis parvus Say. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Planorbis tumidus Pfr. Physa mexicana Ph. Physa mexicana conoidea C. & F. Physa forsheyi Lea. Physa rhomboidea Crandall. Physa osculans Hald. Amnicola peracuta P. & W. Lymnza desidiosa Say, ( Variety?) Lymnea bulimoides techella Hald. Calyculina transversa Say. Tritogonia tuberculata Barnes. Quadrula forsheyi Lea. Quadrula aurea Lea. Quadrula pustulosa Lea. (Smooth variety.) Anodonta imbecilis Say. Lampsilis gracilis Barnes. Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck. ( Variety.) Lampsilis berlandieri Lea. Lampsilis berlandieri Lea. riety.) Lampsilis anodontoides Say. Lampsilis parvus Barnes. Lampsilis texasensis Lea. Lampsilis ventricosus satur Lea. (Va- Lampsilis levissimus Lea. Plagiola macrodon Lea. Unio tetralasmus Say. Unio tetralasmus manubius Say. Unio tetralasmus camptodon Say. 66 THE NAUTILUS. NOTES. Polygyra mooreana W. G. B. Near the gravel pit north of Waco, I found two adult and three juvenile specimens of a variety of this species with a hirsute epi- dermis. Three of these were found under arock lying at the foot of gravel bank. A fourth was attached to the under side of a plank lying across a spring about three or four yards away. The fifth ex- ample was crawling around in the damp grass about a yard from the spring. In the living specimen, the hairs are very conspicuous and stand straight out from the shell. Living examples of the ordinary type were afterwards found on all the surrounding elevations, but the hirsute variety seems to be confined to the vicinity of the spring. Limaz flavus L. This species is now common, but must have been introduced within the last three years. Prior to that time a great many slugs were collected by students of the Biological Department of Baylor University. These are now inthe University Museum, and all prove to be specimens of the native species Philomycus carolinensis Bosc. Most of my examples of Z. flavus were captured during the spring of the present year. Planorbis trivolvis Say. This pond snail is rare. All of the examples I have seen came from Day’s Lake about five miles notheast of Waco. Planorbis tumidus Pfr. This species is our most abundant Planorbis. A large, light- colored variety was formerly abundant in Waco Creek. A small, depressed form is found in Hog Creek in considerable numbers. Physa sp. Imperfect specimens of an indeterminate Physa were picked out of drift material on the Middle Bosque River. The spire was broken in all these specimens and while Bryant Walker stated that he was certain that they were different from anything that I had sent him before, he was unwilling to attempt to name them until he could ex- amine more perfect material. Lymnea sp. We have at least one other species of Lymnea but of this form only juvenile examples, too young for determination, have been collected. Quadrula pustulosa Lea. THE NAUTILUS. 67 A smooth variety of this species is found associated with Quadrula aurea Lea. In this variety there are only a few small pustules near the umbones and in some specimens even these are lacking. Speci- mens identified by F. C. Baker and Bryant Walker. Several pus- tulous shells of this species that were supposed to have been collected in this county, prove to have come from southern Illinois. Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck (Variety). A number of shells from near Mussel Island in the North Bosque River were first identified as typical ZL. purpuratus Lk. Later ex- amples of the same type were identified as typical L. berlandiert by Dr. W.S. Strode and Mr. Bryant Walker. The last-mentioned gentleman found three different forms in a second sending from the same locality. These he designates as Lampsilis berlandieri Lea. Lampsilis berlandieri Lea var. Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck var. The variety of L. berlandiert Lk., is very variable in the color of the nacre which ranges from white, through pink and salmon, to dark purple. These shells were found in the ripples above Mussel Island while the examples of the typical form and the specimens of L. purpuratus var., were found in a large bed some distance below. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINELLIDAE, FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. BY D. D. BALDWIN. - Partulina winniei n. sp. Shell sinistral, subperforate, rather thin, elongately conical, apex subacute; surface shining, striated with fine growth lines, and under a lens showing very close and delicate decussating spiral striz ; nuclear whorls faintly decussated. Color white, striped and mottled irregularly with longitudinal dark brown streaks; apex white. Whorls 6, slightly convex, margined above. Aperture oblique, oval, purplish-white within. Peristome acute, thickened within, columellar margin reflexed. Columella terminating in a slight, flexuous, white fold. Length 16; diam. 8 mm. 68 THE NAUTILUS. Habitat, Kahakuloa, West Maui. This shell is the Maui counterpart of Part. theodoret, Bald., a much larger shell found on the Island of Molokai. Named in honor of Miss Winnie of Walluku, Maui. Partulina mutabilis, n. sp. Shell dextral or sinistral, minutely perforated, somewhat solid, acuminately conical, apex subacute ; surface shining, marked with delicate incremental striz, under a lens exhibiting very close decus- sating, spiral strie; apical whorls smooth. Color varying from pure white to dark fulvous, often variously striped with brown lines and bands, some on the base and others spiral. Whorls 6, convex, margined above, suture well impressed. Aperture oblique, oval, white within, columella margin reflexed. Peristome acute, thick- ened within. Columella terminating in a well-developed, flexuous white fold. Length 16; diam. 10 mm. Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui. This shell seems to be the Maui counterpart of Partulina varia- bilis, Ne. a larger shell which is found on the neighboring island of Lanai. Laminella duoplicata, n. sp. Shell sinistral, sometimes slightly perforated, thin, elongately con- ical, apex obtuse; surface shining, marked with fine growth striz, nuclear whorls smooth. Color light yellow, marked with somewhat regular black lineations, apex black, whorls six, convex; suture well impressed. Aperture a little oblique, oval, white within. Peristome simple, very thin. Columella white, biplicate, the terminal plication a thin, oblique lamellar plait, the inner one less prominent. Length 12; diam. 6 mm. Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui. This and the following species are important additions to the Laminelle of Maui. The only previously described Maui species of this section are Lam. picta, Migh., Lam. alexandri, Ne. and Lam. erecta Pse. Laminella aspera, n. sp. Shell sinistral, minutely perforated, thin, conical, apex obtuse, THE NAUTILUS. 69 surface exhibiting very coarse and irregular growth striz. Color yellow, plain or marked with irregular black lineations, apex black. Whorls 6, convex; suture well impressed. Aperture a little oblique, sub-rotund, yellowish within. Peristome simple, very thin. Colum- ella white, biplicate, not prominent. Length 10; diam. 7 mm. Habitat, Wailuku valley, West Maui. This species is remarkable for the very coarse and irregular growth striz exhibited on its surface. Cotypes of these species deposited in the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. will be figured in the next volume of the Manual of Conchology. THE MIOCENE SPECIES OF LYMNAEA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. In Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1906, I described two small species of Lymne@a from the miocene beds of Florissant. In 1907, at station 1, I found a much larger species, unfortunately not in the best state of preservation. I hoped to find more material in 1908, but as none was obtained, a description from the original type is now offered. Lymnea florissantica, n. sp. Length 21 mm.; diameter about 104; spire short, scarcely over 5 mm. long, the whorls moderately convex; body-whorl not very con- vex, with coarse, shallow, vertical grooves. In Baker’s key in his Mollusca of the Chicago Area, it runs nearest to Z. palustris, but it is not at all like that species. It is in reality a miocene representa- tive of L. emarginata. In Mr. O. O. Nylander’s series of figures of L. emarginata (published by the author in a pamphlet, 1901), it closely resembles Pl. 1, f. 7, except that it is distinctly more slender, and the base is narrower, about as in fig. 8, though the rest of the shell is not at all like fig. 8. The following table separates the miocene species of Lymnaea. Spire short and rather obtuse, body-whorl large.) (tae 1. 70 THE NAUTILUS. Spire rather or quite long, acute, the apexislender .) 04). e))))-2. 1. Length over 20 mm., apparently related to L.emarginata. . . LL. florissantica, n. sp. Length 6 mm. or less, perhaps related to L. catascopium . . L. scudderi Ckll. 2. Small species, about 8 mm. long, closely related to L. truncatula . L. sieverti Ckll. Larger species, over 18 mm. long. 3. 3. Smaller, aperture about half length of shell ; apparently re- lated to LZ. palustris . . . . L. shumardi Meek & Hayden. Larger, aperture over half length of shell; apparently related to L. stagnalis. . . . « « LZ. meekii Evans & Shumard, L. shumardi and meekiti are from the White R. beds; the others are from Florissant. Zymn@a was extraordinarily well developed in the Oligocene of Britain. As my memory serves me it seems that the minor modern groups were already well marked, and it may be considered probable that the types of L. stagnalis, palustris and truncatula, at least, were developed first in the old world, and reached America during the tertiary period. This is also suggested by the fact that the older (Laramie and Eocene) American species of Lymnea do not suggest the modern circumpolar groups. FALSE SHELLS. BY C. W. JOHNSON. Among the many specimens received from young collectors for determination there are occasionally non-molluscan forms so closely re- sembling shells, that they have been mistaken for mollusks; in fact, they have even deceived some of the more experienced concholo- gists. In the more primitive crustacea, including the Phyllopoda, espe- cially in the family Hstheriid@ and the Cladocera and Ostracoda, the carapace is largely developed and forms a broad oval shell covering THE NAUTILUS. 71 entirely or most of the body, and divided into right and left halves, and hinged together on the dorsal line, thus giving the appearance of a bivalve mollusk. Some of the insects also afford interesting examples. The larve of several species of caddice-flies, including the genus Helicopsyche, make spiral cases in which they live clinging to the rocks and stones in rapidly flowing streams. The little spiral cases composed of grains of sand, fastened together with silken threads resemble so closely the form of a Trochus or Valvata that Swainson (Treatise on Malacology, p. 353, f. 113, 1840), described one as the Thelidomus braziliensis, placing it in the family Trochidae, sub-family Rotelline. Dr. Isaac Lea (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., iv, 104, pl. xv, f. 33, 1830), described a similar larva case as Valvata arentfera. In the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, xxi, p. 1, 1884, Robert McLachlan describes and figures an ‘extraordinary heliciform lepidopterous larva case from East Africa.”” These closely resem- ble a high-spired Helix or Vivipara, both sinistral and dextral. The larva case of an allied species of Southern Europe, Psyche (Cochloplanes) helix is also figured, having the form of a small irregular helicoid shell. Larve of the genus Microdon of the dip- terous family Syrphide@ have twice been described as land mollusks. Numerous worm tubes of the family Serpulide formed by species of Ditrupa and Pomatoceras have frequently been described as Dentalium (see Pilsbry and Sharp, Manual Conch., xvii, 240). NOTES. CAUGHT IN A LIVING TRAP.—In the window of a Salem, Mass., store may be seen a unique sight, that of a kingfisher held tightly in the grip of a mussel. The story is this: This forenoon patrolman Michael J. Little while crossing Beverly bridge, saw the bird fluttering on the flats, and he asked a fisher- man to investigate. The latter went to the spot and there found the bird drowned. It had swooped down and poked its bill into the open shell of a mussel, which suddenly closed on the bill of the bird. ‘There the the two remained, until the incoming tide drowned the bird. Hun- dreds have viewed the singular sight today.—(Boston Globe). 72 THE NAUTILUS. Marryn’s Universat ConcnoLocy.—lIn the course of his very instructive paper on ‘*‘ Thomas Martyn and the Universal Concholo- gist,” in the Proc. U. S. N. M., xxix, 1905, Dr. William H. Dall writes as follows (p. 425), “ I am not aware of any other copies of the “‘ Universal Conchologist ’’ in America than the one I have described [a copy in the U. S. National Museum comprising the first eighty plates] and a similar copy in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Later in his ‘‘ Supplementary Notes, ete.,” in the same Proceedings, vol. xxxili, 1907, p. 185, Dr. Dall describes a third copy in the possession of Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., of Wash- ington, likewise consisting of eighty plates, ‘‘ elegantly bound.” It may be of interest to readers of THE NAUTILUS, especially those residing on the Pacific Coast, to know that there is a fourth copy of this rare work in the library of the Leland Stanford Junior University. This copy comprises all four volumes of the work, including beautiful impressions of the entire 161 plates, and is complete save for the ex- planatory table for the plates of the third volume. The series was the gift of Mr. Timothy Hopkins, and in this case, also, each volume is ‘elegantly bound.’”’ A copy of the prospectus of the work, simi- lar to the one described by Dr. Dall is laid into the first volume. Beyond this the copy agrees very well with those already described by Dr. Dall. S. S. Berry. HELIX ARBUSTORUM var. ROSEOLABIATA.—The var. roseolabt- ata, described as new by Mr. Schlesh in Naurixus, October, p. 55, is var. roseolabiata Roberts, described from the British Islands many years ago. T. D. A. CocKERELL. Mr. J. H. Ferriss, who has been getting snails, ferns and health in the Chiricahua range, Arizona, expects to return about Novem- ber 15th. He has not yet turned up the multicornis—a shell re- ported to be as big as a tin-cup, with horns—but he has found many other good things. rt ‘ a Ad ry = an had) » s * ~~ BG AS wld” Dy es war eye, Zz _ ia 54 7 i es BS et Sap Ary c~ Ar = ~f — wast , 4 oer =) ae _ > rs , 4 - THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE Ve ERENT ASS ul AN ul ALDRICH: NEW EOCENE MOLLUSCA. - THE NAUTILUS. Vou. XXII. DECEMBER, 1908. No. 8. A NEW HAWAIIAN KALIELLA. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G VANATTA. KALIELLA GAETANO! RB. sp. Fig. 1. The shell is perforate, thin, cream-white (the specimens being fossil). Spire straightly conic, the apex rather obtuse. First 14 whorls white, smooth and convex; following whorls are flattened, finely, rather weakly and irregularly striate radially, the base being irreg- ularly radially striate, with fine micro- scopic engraved spiral lines. Whorls 54, very slowly widening, the last acutely carinate, this carina showing immediately above the suture as a narrow seam. The base is convex. The aperture is narrow, truncate at the ends, basal and parietal margins parallel. Columellar margin is short, subvertical, with the edge narrowly expanded. Alt. 2.87; diam. 4.84 mm. Palihoukapapa, Hawaii, fossil. Type No. 95779 A. N.S. P., from No. 4730 of Mr. D. Thaanum’s collection. Kaliella subtilissima (Gld.) and K. konaensis Sykes are both less elevated species, otherwise related. Named for the discoverer of the Hawaiian Islands, 74 THE NAUTILUS. NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI. BY T. H. ALDRICH. KELLIA INTERSTRIATA 2D. sp. PI. v, figs. 1, 2. Shell orbicular, slightly inequilateral, very much the shape of a tumid Diplodonta, surface smooth except in the medial part where it is distinctly striated. These striae are rather coarse, extending to the basal margin, but they stop at the umbo. Beaks rounded, fairly prominent, pointing inward, and terminate directly above one of the semi-laterals; no lunule. Dentition normal. Length, breadth and thickness about 5 mm. Locatity. Enterprise, Miss. Top of Burrstone. RemMarKS: This shell has the general shape and outline of K. suborbicularis, Mont., also a similar dentition. It is peculiar in carrying the medial striations. Kellia prima Aldr. is a Bornia according to Prof. W. H. Dall. CANCELLARIA? SOTOENSIS n. sp. PI. v. fig. 3. Shell small, whorls about seven, the first two and a half embryonic and smooth, the cancellation beginning on the second half of the third whorl: the remaining whorls strongly cancellated, the body whorl contains 12 spiral lines, while the longitudinals are nearly three times as many; slightly nodular at the intersection points, suture very deep. Whorls strongly rounded. Base somewhat rounded. Aperture oblong, outer lip denticulated within, inner lip rather twisted, and carrying a small fold near the base. Umbilicus not entirely closed. Length 8 mm.; width body whorl 3 mm. Locarity. De Soto, Miss. Claibornian. Remarks: This little shell is more slender in shape than the drawing shows, and the suture is much more deeply impressed. It has somewhat the aspect of a Scala. CoRBULA CLARKEANA n. sp. PI. vy, figs. 4, 5. Shell small, medium thickness, valves moderately inflated. Beaks not very prominent, polished, a groove running from beaks to base in the largest specimens, nearly in the middle of the shell. Valves marked with a few impressed lines of growth wide apart; the outer THE NAUTILUS. 75 surface having a polisked look; smooth internally, cardinal tooth large, projecting. Lon. 34 mm.; alt. 3 mm. Locaity. Wood's Bluff, Ala. Remarks: This little shell differs from any Corbula known to the writer by its polished appearance, and its few impressed lines, rare. One small valve does not have any depression running from beak to base, but is quite regularly rounded. Arca (BARBATIA) LIGNITIFERA n. sp. _ PI. v, figs. 6, 7. Shell small, thin, extremities rounded, moderately convex, beaks small and flattened ; surface marked by many radial riblets crossed by irregularly spaced lines of growth; a depressed area running from beaks to base nearly central; valves smooth internally, but showing faint lines corresponding to some of the riblets. Hinge line long, slightly curved; the hinge carries four close-set teeth anteriorly, next a short vacant space, and then ten to thirteen small teeth, larger and more nearly parallel to the hinge line as they approach the posterior. Lon. 5 mm.; alt. 3 mm. Locaity. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood’s Bluff horizon. SIGARETUS (EUNATICINA) ERECTOIDES n. sp. PI. vy, figs. 8, 9. Shell small, thin, whorls five rapidly enlarging, apex somewhat twisted ; the first two whorls smooth, the others covered with very numerous fine raised lines which become coarser on the body whorl. Aperture oblong, nearly twice as long as broad ; outer lip slightly thickened ; umbilicus channeled, and slightly open. Lon. 64 mm.; diam. 4 mm, Locauity. De Soto, Miss., Claibornian. REMARKS: This little shell has very much the form of a small Succinea, and resembles in miniature the living forms of the subgenus. VERTICORDIA (HALIRIS) GRANULOIDES n. sp. PI. y, fig. 10. Shell small, rather rotund, surface with numerous rounded ribs, about nineteen in the type; they are granulated under a glass, and rather scabrous between the ribs, especially on the anterior. Pos- terior slope slightly angulated; basal margin crenulated. ‘The ribs 76 THE NAUTILUS. also show through the body of the shell. Beak small and smooth, the cardinal tooth strongly projecting. Lon. 24 mm.; alt. 24 mm. LocaLity. Wood’s Bluff, Ala. REMARKS: This species is mentioned by Prof. Dall as Verticor- dia sp.indet. The description is made from a good specimen found by the writer. The shell is rather small for even this genus. ACTEON POMILIUS Con., var. MULTANNULATUS. n. var. PI. v. fig. 11. The specimen here figured differs from the typical form by having much more numerous raised lines with shallower interspaces. The spire is higher and the shell more slender. The Acteon found by me at Wood’s Bluff is different from the form figured by Prof. G, D. Harris, not having any smooth space on the body-whorl. These so- called species appear to belong in one basket. Height 9 mm.; diam. 6 mm. LocaLity. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood’s Bluff beds. LEPTON VAUGHANI n. sp. PI. V, fig. 12. Shell small, surface smooth and shining ; lines of growth very fine, shell rather triangular in shape, longer than high; slightly inequila- teral. Muscular scars showing, the posterior one rather long and narrow. Long. 3 mm. ; alt. 2 mm. Locatity. Wood’s Bluff, Ala. Remarks: This species seems to be an undoubted member of this genus, as it has the proper dentition ; some specimens are equi- lateral. Named in honor of T. Wayland Vaughn of the U. S. Geo- logical Survey. This seems to be the first Lepton found in the Eocene. NEW LAND SHELLS FROM ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO. BY GEO. H. CLAPP. Bifidaria (Chenazis) tuba subsp. intuscostata. Differs from the type, externally, by its larger size, length 4, diam. 2 mm. and the greater number of whorls, 63. The smallest normal THE NAUTILUS. 77 ehell measured is 34x 14 mm. with about 54 whorls, and the largest 44x 2 mm. with 62 whorls. Internally there is a strong lamella on the columella, which can only be seen by breaking the shell, about 2 whorls long in fully adult shells. Examination of a large number of shells of all ages shows that this lamella is a mark of maturity, as it does not appear until after the angular, parietal and outer columellar lamelle have begun to form. The arrangement and number of the other lamelle and plice are the same as in the type, with the usual variation as to extra denticles, ordinarily seen in Bzfidarta. The body whorl is decidedly angular at the umbilicus, and flattened below the periphery. Foothills of the Plumosa Range, about eight miles east of Quartz- site, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift. Collected by Mr. Geo. S. Hutson. Type No. 5769 of my collection. Cotypes in Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and U. S. National Museum. In the peck or more of drift from which these shells were picked, there were only two other species, Bifidaria hordeacella Pils. and Pupoides marginatus (Say), with not even a fragment of anything else. In the Eagle Tail Mountains, twelve miles north of Kofa, Yuma county, at an altitude of about 2,000 feet, Mr. Hutson found a form which is apparently intermediate between the type and intuscostata, in that the columellar lamella is weaker and does not extend in so far. This is probably the form referred to by Pilsbry in Proc. A. N.S., 1906, page 146, taken by the late Dr. Ashmun at Tempé, Maricopa county. The habitat given by Hutson is: “In moist places among piles of loose rock covered by decaying cactus. Asso- ciated with these were also Bif. hordeacella and P. marginatus. The finding of this species in Cochise, Maricopa and Yuma counties, shows a distribution of B. tuba clear across the territory. ASHMUNELLA KOCHII 0. sp. Shell very much depressed, almost flat above, convex below, car- inated, the carina about in the plane of the upper surface; sutures well impressed, whorls 54; surface almost smooth, with faint and closely-set incremental lines; nuclear whorl and a half finely granu- lated ; base convex, flattened around the umbilical region ; umbilicus deep, about 14 mm. wide, showing a full turn of the penultimate 78 THE NAUTILUS. whorl, termination of the body-whorl sharply descending at the aperture to about the middle of the whorl. Aperture very oblique ; lip obtusely angled and almost perpendicular below the middle of the whorl; strongly constricted behind the reflected lip; peristome well expanded above, narrower below, somewhat flexuous, united over the body by a thin callus; parietal lamella two, converging, but not united at the inner end into a V; the lower lamella stout, sinuous, the outer end bent sharply towards the umbilicus; the upper lamella low, narrow and straight, starting near the upper in- settion of the lip and terminating back of the front end of the lower lamella; basal part of the peristome with two strong lamelle trans- verse to the lip, the upper ends converging and united at the base on the lip, forming a U; a broader and less transverse lamella set more deeply within the aperture on the upper lip, a small internal lamella on the base of the body whorl about three or four mm. long, showing faintly through the shell. Greater diameter 204, lesser 18, alt. 62mm. Black Mountain, at the southern end of the San Andreas Range, Donna Ana county, New Mexico, at an elevation of about 6,800 feet. This interesting shell was first collected by Mr. Walter E. Koch over a year ago. He sent me one perfect and one broken shell. Lately he has sent me three additional specimens, also dead. He reports dead shells quite plentiful in the crevices of a limestone cliff, but was unable to find living ones. I take great pleasure in naming™ the shell after him. Type no. 5765 of my collection. A. kochit is undoubtedly closely related to A. mearnsii, but is very much larger, more strongly carinated, and differs markedly in the umbilical region. Both of these species will be figured on plate VI, to appear next month. NOTES ON THE GENUS STROBILOPS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The small forest-snails known as Strobilops are spread throughout all parts of North America east of the Rockies where sylvan condi- tions prevail, from Canada to Florida, Mexico and Central America. THE NAUTILUS. 79 Southward the genus extends to Venezuela, and even to the Gala- pagos Islands, if I am right in referring the little snail described as Endodonta helleri Dall to this genus. For many years similar snails have been known from the European Tertiaries, beginning with the Eocene and running up with numer- ous species through the Miocene, when the group apparently died out in that region, though many of its companion groups survived.’ Pére Heude, the keen and brilliant Jesuit missionary-naturalist, described the first Asiatic Strodi/ops,in his memoirs on Chinese snails, under the name Helix diodontina. He did not recognize its kinship with other forms of Strodilops, nor has this been noticed by any other author until the present year, when the receipt of specimens of a Strobilops from Korea gave occasion for referring the Chinese H. diodontina to its proper genus. The Korean species, which I have decribed as Strobilops hirasez,? is conic, like most American species, but it is simply striate instead of being ribbed. Quite lately a third Asiatic species has been sent by Mr. Hirase, discovered in the main island of Japan. It will be described in the Japanese Conchological Magazine. The finding of three species, in China, Korea and Japan, indicates Eastern Asia as another evolution-center for species of Strobilops. Probably still more will turn up there as the country is further explored. But this is not all. Several years ago Dr. O. von Moellendorff described several small snails from the Philippine Islands under the generic name Plectopylis: P. quadrasi with a variety brunnescens from Luzon, and P. trochospira from Bohol. In his able and ex- haustive work on Plectopylis,?5 Mr. G. K. Gude has erected a sub- genus Lnteroplax for these species, rightly holding that they differ markedly from true Plectopylis. In reality, these Philippine snails are nothing more or less than Strobilops, having the form, sculpture, peristome and internal armature of this genus, the entering lamelle or cords on the parietal wall being minutely nodose, as in American and East Asiatic Strobilops. These Philippine species will stand as Strobilops quadrasi (Mlldff,) and Strobilops trochospira (Mlldff.). 1The identification of S. labyrinthica as a European fossil, recorded in Wood- ward’s Manual and copied in some American works, iserroneous, The foreign species is quite distinct. *The Magazine of Conchology, II, p. 39, figs. Y. Hirase, Kyoto, 1908, *The Armature of Helicoid Land Shells, Science Gossip, 1899, p. 149. 80 THE NAUTILUS. As to the place of origin of Strobilops we have no reliable data. The presence of typical forms of the genus in the Eocene shows that the group is a very old one, evolved in the Mesozoic. It is, more- over, strikingly distinct from all other genera, and wonderfully con- servative in general morphology. Until information from Mesozoic strata comes to hand, we can only surmise with some probability that Strobilops arose somewhere in the northern hemisphere. It probably overran the entire Holarctic realm a long time ago, pushing south- ward into the Oriental region and the American tropics at a time remote enough to permit the evolution of strongly marked species in these areas. ANOTHER LARGE MIOCENE SCALA. BY W. H. DALL. Mr. W. W. Atwood of the U. S. Geological Survey has been making a study of the Miocene strata of Alaska Peninsula and the Shumagin Islands during the past summer, and collected a number of interesting fossils. Among these is a specimen of a species of Scala, or Epitonium, belonging to the group of giant Scalidae which is so characteristic of the Miocene of Oregon and some other parts of the Pacific coast. The list comprised the following species already described and figured. Opalia rugifera Dall, Arctoscala condoni Dall, Catenoscala oregonensis Dall ; together with the species about to be described. The type of Arcto- sealu is A. greenlandica Perry, a recent species. Opalia rugifera is a member of the group represented in the San Diego Pliocene by O. varicostata Stearns, and in the recent fauna by O. borealis Gould. Catenoscala is a new group in which the anterior third of the whorl is covered with a thick layer of enamel. Epitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi n. sp. Shell large, with rotund whorls rapidly increasing in size; sur- face covered with a low reticulate sculpture comprising low axial lamellz, about 1.5 mm. apart on the periphery of the whorls, slightly THE NAUTILUS. 81. retractive, pinched together and more prominent, and slightly angu- larly bent, at the suture; these are crossed by low rounded threads, with wider interspaces, about a dozen on the penultimate whorl between the sutures ; the surface is also finely sharply axially striate ; the aperture is rounded, the outer lip slightly reflected and crenulate by the spiral threads, but not thickened; whorls more than five, closely adjacent; base (?); max. diam. 34; diam. at the truncate apex 10.0; alt. of five whorls (the apex lost) about 60.0 mm. The type specimen of this fine species, consisting of internal and external casts, was collected about five miles south of the head of Port Moller, in the pass leading across Alaska Peninsula called Low Pass Cafion, U. S. Nat. Mus. 111072. LIllustrations are in preparation. (Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey.) DESCRIPTION OF A MEXICAN LAMPSILIS. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND L. S. FRIERSON. Lampsilis iridella P. & F. The shell is oblong, wider posteriorly, with the beaks at the ante- rior two-ninths of the length; anterior end rounded ; posterior part sloping above, subtruncate at the end, compressed below the hinge. Surface glossy, smoothish, obliquely corrugated along the posterior slope (but sometimes very indistinctly so), and usually having a group of short impressed lines or furrows vertical to the basal margin, near the middle of the disk. Of a dull straw or pale greenish color, pro- fusely marked with green rays, which are usually quite distinct and narrow. The valves are thin, nacre bluish silvery, very iridescent posteriorly. Cardinal teeth small, a single rather stout one in the right valve, two more compressed and generally subequal teeth in the left valve. Lateral teeth very narrow, double in the left, single in the right valve. Length 49, alt. 26, diam. 15 mm. Valles, Mexico. Type no. 93810 A. N.S. P., collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley. Cotypes in collections of Hinkley and Frierson. 82 THE NAUTILUS. _ L. irtdella, Navutitus, XXII, no. 8, pl. 12, two lower right hand figs. This species was decided to be new when we studied Mr. Hinkley’s Mexican shells in 1907, and so indicated in correspondence between the authorsand Mr. Hinkley. It was figured as Lampsilis tridella in this journal for December, 1907. It is related to V. poped and U. medellinus (see Nautitus, Nov., 1907, p. 80). In this connection attention may be called to the newly-described Lampsilis salinasensis Simpson, in Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1908, p. 181, pl. 30, f. 3, type loc., Salinas River, Coahuila, also reported from Valles River, Valles, Mexico. This form is closely related to L. fimbriata Frierson, from the same place, figured on the same plate of the NauriLus with L. iridella. NOTES. A NOTE ON THE TYPE LOCALITY OF PALUDESTRINA SALSA, AT ConasseET, MASS.—The largest and finest specimens were found on rocks and eel-grass in about a foot of water and not more than three hundred yards from where the creek empties into Cohasset harbor. A dam and tide gates over which the salt water flows for only one or two hours at the top of each tide prevent the water at the spot where the shells were found from being as salty as one would expect, while a considerable amount of fresh water received by the upper part of the creek flows out on top of the salt water without mixing with it completely. Therefore the surface water is only brackish, not salt, and forms every winter very good black ice almost to the dam. Specimens were also found on floating plants about a mile further up the creek where the water has practically no salt in it. Dr. Pilsbry had specimens from both localities at the time he described the species OWEN Bryant. VALVATA HUMERALIS CALIFORNICA n. subsp. The shell is much more depressed than V. humeralis, the last whorl descending less; whorls convex below the suture, not flattened there as V. humeralis is. Alt. 2.7, diam. 4 mm. Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mts., California, collected by Mr. S. S. Berry—H. A. Pirssry. HERON HELD PRISONER BY CLAM. BLoomssure, Pa.—Walk- THE NAUTILUS. 83 ing along the river at Beach Haven, Augustus Remaley saw a fine specimen of blue heron evidently unable to fly. Attracted by the beautiful bird’s distress, he discovered that a clam or fresh water mussel had closed tightly about one of the bird’s toes and held it so securely that it could not get away. In the bird’s mouth was a small fish._— VV. Y. Herald, Aug. 16, 1908. Typre OF AMPULLA BoLTEN.—This name, proposed in the Mu- seum Boltenianum p. 110, for species of Achatina, Limicolaria and Halia, evidently has precedence for some part of this assemblage. I propose to restrict it to the last genus, Ampulla priamus Bolt. being the type.—H. A. Pitssry. THE DEVELOPMENT OF LiTTORINA.—‘ The eggs of L. litorea, each enclosed ina hat-sliaped capsule, are laid freely on the shore, not aggregated together in a gelatinous mass. There are trocho- sphere and veliger stages. ZL. /itorea lives down in the zone of La- minaria and Fucus serratus. JL. obiusata lives higher among Fucus vesiculosus ; its larva leaves the egg as a veliger. JL. rudis and L. nerttoides, which live near high-water mark, are both viviparous. Thus the genus exhibits three stages in the evolution of the land from marine mollusca, with the suppression of larval forms with suc- cessive specialisations of habit.”_-M. M. Tatrersatt, M. Sc., in The Irish Naturalist, Nov. 1908, p. 238. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. REPORTS ON THE DREDGING OPERATIONS OFF THE WEST COAST OF CENTRAL AMERICA TO THE GALAPAGOS, TO THE WeEsT COAST oF MEXICO, AND IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA * * * BY THE U. S. Fisa Commission STEAMER “ ALBATROSS” DURING 1891. REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PaciFi¢, ETC., ‘‘ ALBATROSS,” 1904—’05. By Witrt1amM Hearey Darr. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xliii, no. 6, October, 1908. The dredging operations of the “Challenger,” ‘‘ Blake ”’ and “ Al- batross”’ have made us reasonably familiar with the deep water fauna of the western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf, but hitherto prac- tically nothing has been known of the deep water fauna off the west- 84 THE NAUTILUS. ern shores of Middle and South America, with which this Report deals. A comparison of the two faunas reveals many interesting facts. The known fauna of the eastern Pacific deep sea contains about 300 species of mollusks, belonging to 134 generic and subgen- eric groups. ‘The Antillean region possesses 174 groups and a much larger number of species. ‘‘There are practically no species com- mon to the two regions except at the southern extreme of South America, where a few species extend northward on both shores of the continent, but do not reach the Antillean or Panamic regions.” The 300 species known from the Eastern Pacific deep sea fauna belong to 67 families, but 159 of them belong to only 8 families, of which the 7urritide or Pleurotomide (57species), Ledid@ (35 species), Dentaliide and Pectinide are the most abundantly represented. The Antillean deep water fauna has 174 generic and subgeneric groups, against 144 in the Pacific, but of this number only 89 are common to the two regions. Very many characteristic and prolific groups in either fauna are unrepresented in the other. ‘ These statistics would indicate, if confirmed by further researches, that the separation between the abyssal fauna of the Pacific and that of the Antilles is very ancient indeed, for in the shallows many of these groups are represented on both sides of the isthmus of Darien, yet have not yet succeeded in reaching the deep water.”” The total absence of Tri- phoride, Cerithiopsida. Marginellide and Pyramidellida in deep water on the Pacific side is especially remarkable. Some 254 new species of mollusca are described. A very useful synopsis of the recent species and subspecies of Argonauta is given, 8 species being recognized. Much new and interesting material for the systematic student is given, especially in the Terebride, Turritide, Solemyacide, ete., and as in all of Dr. Dall’s papers, there is a large store of information of value far beyond the limits of the particular fauna under consideration. The changes in nomenclature consequent on the resurrection of Bolten’s Catalogue, are numerous, and important to those engaged in similar work. Several lists are appended, of interest to those engaged in faunistics: shells from the reefs and beaches of Easter Island and of Flint Island ; and a single valve of a Pisidium, Corneocyclas magellanicus n. sp., was taken in Magellan Straits, evidently washed in from some adjacent stream. As the pioneer work in a new fauna, this scholarly report will be welcomed by conchologists the world over. THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE VI. 8 WALKER: NEW SPECIES OF SOMATOGYRUS AND CLAPPIA. HE NE ter LL US. Vou. XXII. JANUARY, 1909. No. 9. NEW AMNICOLIDZ FROM ALABAMA, BY BRYANT WALKER. In the fall of 1907 Mr. Herbert H. Smith explored about twenty- five miles of the Coosa River, lying between Chilton and Coosa counties. Ammnicolid@ were very abundant, and more than 15,000 specimens have been passed under examination. Among them were the several species herein described, which appear to be new. The principal collecting points were Cedar Island, three miles above Waxahatchee Creek (in THe NauvuTILvs, xxi, p. 128, this island was erroneously stated to be that distance above Yellowleaf Creek); The Bar, two miles further down stream, and two and one- half miles above Yellowleaf Creek (the second creek of that name); Butting Ram Shoals, five miles below The Bar; Higgins Ferry, seven miles further down; and Duncan Riffle, seven miles below the Ferry. Duncan Riffle is about twenty-four miles above Wetumpka. This interval still remains for some enterprising collector to explore. All of the Coosa River species collected by Hinkley were also found by Smith, with the exception of Som. aureus. S. hinkleyt, crassus and nanus occurred in great quantity, the latter being the most numerous. S. coosaensis, obtusus and aldrichi were less abund- ant, but were fairly common in some localities. S, constrictus still remains the rarest of the Coosan Somatogyri, a bare half-dozen rep- resenting the total catch. An interesting ‘‘ find” was that of S. substriatus, originally collected by Hinkley at Florence, Ala., and Columbus, Miss. As none of the Amnicolide collected by Mr. Smith in his journey 86 THE NAUTILUS. by boat down the Coosa from Rome, Ga., to Widuska Shoals, Shelby county, Ala., in 1904-5, have been worked up, it is not at present possible to say how far up the river any of these species extend. SoMATOGYRUS DECIPIENS n. sp. PI. vi, figs. 10 and 11. Shell obtusely conic, imperforate, thick, solid, light greenish- yellow, smooth, lines of growth very fine and inconspicuous. Spire elevated, obtuse; whorls 4, roundly shouldered below the suture, which is well impressed ; body whorl large, shouldered above, flat- tened on the sides and obliquely angled below and descending to the axis. Aperture very oblique, obovate, obtusely angled above and widening toward the base, which is slightly emarginate. Columella concave, with a heavy, wide, flattened callus which extends over the parietal wall. Lip sharp, heavily thickened within. Alt. (fig. 11) (apex eroded) 34, diam. 2} mm. Types (No. 28431, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River at The Bar, Chilton county, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H. Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy. Also from the Coosa at Cedar Island, Butting Ram Shoals, Higgins Ferry, Duncan Riffle and other points in Coosa and Chilton counties, collected by Smith, and from the Coosa at Wetumpka, five miles above Wetumpka, Wilsonville, Fort William, and Montevallo, collected by Hinkley. A careful study of many hundreds of specimens has convinced me that under the description of Somatogyrus hinkleyi (NAuTILUS, xxii, p- 135) I confounded two distinct species, one imperforate, and the other perforate. As both the figured types of hinkleyi fortunately belong to the same form, the perforate one, that species will retain the name under the amended description given below. The imper- forate form is the species here described as deczpiens. The dis- tinctive characters of the two species are so marked that, once appreciated, there is no difficulty in separating them at sight, and it is a matter of some chagrin that the difference was not realized in the first instance. S. decipiens is a smaller, thicker species than hinkleyi, and always imperforate, without any suggestion of an axial groove. While both species are alike in the elevation of the spire, decipiens is at all stages of growth distinctly biangulate, with the intervening side of the whorl flattened; in some instances the lower angulation becomes a distinct carina, but this is not usual. THE NAUTILUS. 87 For comparison with the similar state in S. hinkley’, a young specimen of 34 whorls (2}x 14 mm.) is also figured. (Fig. 10.) The following amended description should be substituted for that originally published for SoMATOGYRUS HINKLEY!I Walker. PI. vi, figs. 8 and 9. Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, NAuTILus, xvii, 135, pl. v, figs. 1 and 2. Shell globose, conic, narrowly umbilicate when young and perfo- rate when mature ; light horn-colored, smooth, growth-lines scarcely evident. Spire elevated, obtuse; whorls 4—44, those of the spire convex, body whorl large, more or less shouldered above, but regu- larly rounded at the periphery, suture deeply impressed, Aperture large, rounded above, somewhat dattened at the base, and decidedly angled at the junction of the lip with the base of the columella, and angular at the upper insertion of the lip; lip simple, acute, in aged examples somewhat thickened within. Columella heavy, callused, flattened and nearly straight, reflected over and nearly concealing the narrow umbilicus, callus thinner on the body wall. For better illustration and comparison with S. decipiens I have refigured the original mature type (fig. 8) and have added another of a young shell (fig. 9) of 835 whorls (25x 2 mm.) for the purpose of showing the open umbilicus at that stage; the thin, shining shell and rounded whorls are very characteristic. S. hinkley’, when mature, has a larger, thinner shell than decipiens, the columellar callus is not so heavy, and the persistent perforation, very rarely entirely obliterated, as well as the general shape, are distinctive. This species was found by Mr. Smith at the localities mentioned in connection with S. decipiens. SOMATOGYRUS HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 2. Shell globose, perforate, thick, solid, greenish-horn-color, smooth, lines of growth slight, but regular. Spire short, subacute, whorls 4-41, flattened above, and roundly shouldered, body-whorl very large, inflated, somewhat constricted immediately below the suture, which is deeply impressed and then flatly expanded and roundly shouldered. Aperture large, subcircular, expanded; lip sharp, cal- lously thickened within, rather abruptly bent in above and meeting the parietal wall at nearly a right angle, broadly rounded below and 88 THE NAUTILUS. curving regularly into the columella. Columella narrow, thickened, rounded and concave, separated below from the body-whorl by a small but profound umbilicus and a strong axial groove, adnate only on the parietal wall, which is heavily callused. Alt. (apex eroded) 4.5, diam. 4.5 mm. Types (No. 28432, Coll. Walker) from Coosa River at Duncan’s Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H. Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy. Also from the Coosa at Wilsonville, Ala. This species is about the size and general appearance of S. depres- sus Tryon, and sargenti Pils. It differs from the former in its heavier shell, sub-sutural constriction, large umbilicus and strong axial groove. The latter species is rather larger, not so thick and imperforate. A single specimen from Williamsville was recently sent in by Mr. Hinkley, which was not included in the material sent to me in 1904. Named in honor of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., who has been a hearty supporter of Mr. Smith’s work on the Coosa. SoOMATOGYRUS PYGM&ZUS n, sp. PI. vi, fig. 3. Shell minute, globose-conic, imperforate, rather thin, light green- ish horn-colored, smooth, lines of growth indistinct. Spire obtusely elevated, whorls 4, convex, suture deeply impressed; body whorl large, convex, regularly rounded, impressed at the axis. Aperture subcircular, not much expanded. Lip simple, sharp, thin, regularly curved from the upper to the columellar extremity. Columella con- cave. Columellar callus narrow, flattened, closely appressed to the body whorl and extended over the parietal wall to the upper inser- tion of the lip. Alt. (apex eroded) 2.5, diam. 2 mm. Types (No. 28433, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River, at The Bar, Chilton county, Alabama. Co-types in the collections of T. H. Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy. About twenty-five examples of this diminutive species were col- lected at The Bar. It did not occur elsewhere. I have been wholly unable to identify this form as the young of any of the associated species. Though so small, the shells have every appearance of maturity. Compared with young S. nanus of the same size, pygmaus differs in the thinner shell, regular convexity of the whorls and THE NAUTILUS. 89 lighter columellar callus. It is easily distinguished from other described species by its size. CLAPPIA, n. gen. Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly, but deeper wmbilicate, aperture large, lip simple, columellar lip simple, adnate to body- whorl only at the extreme upper portion, oblique, expanded and subangulate to its union with the basal lip, operculum corneus, paucispiral, nuclear whorls large and subcircular, slowly and grad- ually increasing. Rachidian tooth of the radula short and broad; intermediate tooth with sub-quadrate body with a strong tooth projecting from the in- fero-anterior angle and a large peduncle; laterals multicuspid : Formula of the denticles: — 10-1-10, 50+, 50+ (Fig. 7). Type: Clappia clappi Walker. This genus stands close to Somatogyrus, but differs in several im- portant particulars, which forbid the reference of the type species to that group. The central tooth of the radula is very similar both in shape and in the arrangement and number of the denticles to that of S. de- pressus as figured by Stimpson. But the intermediate tooth lacks the perforation, which is found in that species, and has a prominent tooth at the infero-anterior angle which is lacking in the other. The laterals are multicuspid. In this respect, Clappia stands in the same relation to Somatogyrus that Cincinnatia does to Amnicola. In shell characters, Clappia differs from Somatogyrus in the con- spicuous deep umbilicus, the straight, thin inner lip without any callus thickening, which is entirely separate from the body whorl, except for a very short distance at the upper extremity. The operculum is also very different. In all the species of Soma- togyrus examined, the nuclear whorls of the operculum are very small, while the last is enormously expanded (see Fig. 6, S. subglob- osus, Fig. 5, S.depressus). In Clappia (Fig. 4), on the other hand, the nuclear whorls are large and nearly circular, and form nearly one- half of the whole operculum. Indeed, in looking at the operculum in situ, the first impression is that it is completely circular as in Valvata. CLAPPIA CLAPPIn. sp. PI. vi, figs. 1, 4 and 7. Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly and deeply umbilicate ; 90 THE NAUTILUS. rather thin, translucent, pale horn-color, smooth, shining, lines of growth very fine, close and regular; spire obtuse. Whorls 33, round, very convex, rapidly increasing toward the aperture, sepa- rated by a deep suture. Aperture large, slightly oblique, scarcely expanded, subcircular, equally rounded above and below, but flat- tened on the columellar side. Columellar lip thin, straight, oblique, adnate to the body-whorl only at the upper extremity, emarginate in the central portion, below which it is expanded, forming a rounded angle at its junction with the basal lip. Lip thin, sharp, not ex- panded nor callously thickened within. Operculum paucispiral, nuclear whorls large and subcircular. Animal black. Alt. (apex eroded) 3, diam. 3 mm. Types (No. 28434, Coll. Walker), from the Coosa River at Duncan’s Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Cotypes in the collections of T. H. Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy. Found also at The Bar, Butting Ram Shoals and Higgins’ Ferry. Deprived of its operculum, this species at first sight, from its gen- eral shape, rounded whorls and deep umbilicus, would be taken for a Valvata allied to V. sincera Say. But the straight columellar lip and the decided projection of the lip at its junction with the peri- treme show its affinity to Somatogyrus. The peculiarities of the radula and operculum have been sufficiently stated under the generic description. Iam indebted to Dr. Pilsbry for the figure of the dentition. It seems eminently proper that this very distinct addition to the fauna of Alabama should both generi- cally and specifically bear the name of Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, the original promotor of the explorations of Mr. H. H. Smith, which have added so much to our knowledge of the mollusca of that State. Explanation of Plate VI. Figures 1, 3, 9 and 10 are on the same scale, x8. Figures 2, 8 and 11 are x6. Figs. 1, 4and 7. Clappia clappi. Duncan’s Riffle, Coosa R., Ala. Fig. 2. Somatogyrus hendersont. Duncan’s Riffle, Coosa R., Ala. Fig. 3, Somatogyrus pygmeaus. The Bar, Coosa R., Ala. Fig. 5. Somatogyrus depressus. Watertown, Wis. Fig. 6. Somatogyrus subglobosus. Big Muddy R., Blairville, Ills. Fig. 8. Somatogyrus hinkleyi. Coosa R., Wetumpka, Ala. Fig. 9. Somatogyrus hinkleyi. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala. Figs. 10 and 11. Somatogyrus decipiens. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala. THE NAUTILUS. 91 THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONIDZ IN PENNSYLVANIA. BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN. Since C. T. Simpson published his new system of the Unionide (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22, 1900), which is founded, in a large part, upon the ** marsupium ” of the female, this latter organ must be re- garded as one of the most important features of the soft parts of the mussels, and should be known in every species. Yet there is a large number of species, in which it has never been seen by anybody. That certain species are very rarely found with the marsupinm de- veloped, is, in my opinion, chiefly due to the fact that they are not easily obtained at the period when they are gravid. As Sterki has first suggested (Navritus, 9, 1895, p. 91), there are two groups among our mussels with regard to the period of gravidity’): summer breeders and winter breeders. In the summer breeders the short “breeding season ”’ falls into the early summer months (May, June, July) ; now since many of the species which belong or may belong here are characteristic for the larger rivers, avoiding smaller streams, and since just at this time the rivers very generally are swollen and muddy by copious summer-rains, it is practically impossible to col- lect them in the gravid condition. During the summer of 1908 we had exceptionally dry weather in our region ; the stage of the rivers in Pennsylvania was already in the beginning of July very low, and thus the writer succeeded in finding several species in a gravid condition, which generally at that season are out of reach. In addition, he has collected other species in the smaller streams at various seasons, and has found gravid females, both of summer and winter breeders. The following is a list of them, which also intends to give the previous records for those species which are found in Pennsylvania :? 1In order to avoid misunderstanding, I want to state expressly that by “ period of gravidity ” or “ breeding season” I mean the time when the gills, or part of the gills, which forms the ‘“muarsupium,” are filled with eggs or embryos, 2See: Lea, I; Observations, II, 1838, p. 51 ff.; III, 1842, p. 231; VII, 1860, p. 221; X, 1863, p. 412, etc.; Sterki, V, NavuTiLus, 9, 1895, p. 91; 12, 1898, p. 18; Amer. Natural., 37, 1903, p. 103; Baker, F. C., Bull. Chicago Ac., 3, 1898 (passim); Conner, C, H., Naurinus, 21, 1907, p. 87. 92 THE NAUTILUS. Group A. WINTER BREEDERS. Truncilla triquetra Raf. Found gravid by the writer repeatedly in the months of September and October. Truncilla perplexa rangiana Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95), Found gravid in September. Micromya fabalis Lea. July—August (Lea, ITI, ’42). Lampsilis ventricosa Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March, October (Lea, zbéd.). Found gravid by the writer in all months from May to October. Marsupium partly empty (ovisacs extruded) on May 11; marsupium just beginning to be filled, July 30. (Breeds apparently ‘‘all the year round.” See below.) Lampsilis ovata Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); November (Lea, X,’63). Found gravid in August, September, October. (This is merely a variety of L. ventricosa.) Lampsilis cariosa Say. October (Lea, II, ’38). Found gravid in August. Lampsilis ochracea Say. June and November (Lea, II, ’38). Lampsilis multiradiata Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); July, Au- gust (Lea, ¢b¢d.). Found gravid in May, June, August, September, October. Only few specimens being found in June and July, it is uncertain whether there is an “interim” in the summer. Lampsilis luteola Lam. March, July-August, October (Lea, III, 742); July (Baker, ’98). I found gravid specimens in April, May, June, July, August, September, October. The species is a typical winter breeder, only the end of one season and the beginning of the next partly overlap in summer. In June, and chiefly in the begin- ning of July, sterile females (with the marsupium not charged) are much more frequent than in other seasons, while gravid females are very rare at the same time. Lampsilis radiata Gmel. ‘All the year round’’ (Conner, ’07); November (Lea, II, ’38); May (Lea, X, ’63). Discharge of ovi- sacs observed from November to March (Lea, X, ’63). Lampsilis ligamentina Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); au- tumn (Lea, III, ’42). Found gravid by the writer in August, September, October, but not in July. Among numerous specimens collected, July 8, ’07, July 3, 10 and 13, ’08, not a single gravid female was discovered. The earliest date for the latter is August 3, but from that time on they were found regularly. This species pre- THE NAUTILUS. 98 fers the larger rivers, and thus no dates could be secured for the spring months, yet the “interim” in July is very sharply marked. Lampsilis orbiculata Hildr. Autumn (Lea, III, 42). Found gravid in August and September. Lampsilis recta Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn (Lea, ’42). Found gravid in July, August, September, October. No records at hand for the early summer. Lampsilis nasuta Say. ‘All the year round” (Conner, ’07) ; winter breeder (Sterki, 95); November (Lea, II, 38). I found this species gravid in September (Delaware River), and on June 2 and 3 (in Lake Erie), when numerous gravid females were found. Lampsilis iris Lea. I found three gravid females on May 11. Lampsilis parva Barn, Winter breeder (Sterki, 95); May and November (Lea, VII, 60). Extrusion of ovisacs observed by Lea (¢bid.) in May. Lampsilis (Proptera) alata Say. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95) ; autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Found gravid end of August, September, October. Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilis Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, 95); autumn (Lea, II, ’42). Found gravid in September. Obovaria retusa Lam. Autumn (Lea, III, 742). I found a gravid female of this species on August 29, ’08. Obovaria circulus Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn (Lea, III, 42); March, July-August (Lea, dbid.). I found gravid females on May 27,08. Both forms O. cireulus and lens are in- cluded here : they pass into each other.) Obovaria ellipsis Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, 95); autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Plagiola securis Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Gravid females not rare in September and October. All species mentioned so far possess the ‘‘ Lampsilis-type”’ of marsupium, @. e., the posterior part of the outer gills is charged, at the period of gravidity, with eggs or embryos contained in distinct ovisacs. When not gravid, this part of the gills differs in structure from the rest, and females are always recognizable. Cryptogenia trrorata Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); autumn (Lea, III, ’42). Marsupium very peculiar, but allied to the Lampsilis-type. Ptychobranchus phaseolus Hildr. Winter breeder (Sterki, ’95); 94 THE NAUTILUS. autumn (Lea, III, 42). Found gravid in August, September, Oc- tober. A specimen found on May 11, ’07, had most of the ovisaes discharged. None of the numerous specimens collected by the writer in June and July were gravid. The peculiar shape of the marsupium of this species is well known. In the following species, belonging to Group A, the marsupium occupies the whole of the outer gills, and while in Strophitus dis- tinct “ placentae” (Sterki) are developed, such structures or ovisacs are not present in the rest. Strophitus undulatus Say. Autumn (Lea, ITI, ’42); March, Octo- ber (Lea, zbid.); September, December (Lea, II, ’38); discharge of placentz observed in January and February (Lea, X,’63). I found this species gravid in the months of July, August, September, Octo- ber; also in May. The latest date is May 22,’08 (one out of eleven individuals). Among numerous specimens collected on May 14 and May 27, ’08, no gravid females were present, and during the month of June such were never found, although a good number of specimens were collected. The earliest date again is July 11. This gives an ‘interim ”’ from the end of May to about the middle of July. The eastern S. undulatus Say is absolutely undistinguishable from the so-called S. edentulus Say of the western waters. Anodonta cataracta Say. Breeding season, eight months during the year; the interim May to October (Conner, ’07); gravid in Octo- ber and November (Lea, II, 738). I have seen gravid specimens collected on July 25, ’08, and August 21, ’08. The first date, no doubt, represents an exceptional case: there was only a single gravid individual among forty to fifty specimens. The other date (also a single individual, but only one found at that date) possibly marks the beginning of the season. At any rate it is very probable that the breeding season occasionally lasts longer than indicated by Con- ner, and may be extended in individual cases beyond May and may begin earlier than October, as is the case in other winter breeders. Anodonta imbecillis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March (Lea, tbid.). Found gravid May 21, ’08 (outlet of Lake Leboeuf, Erie county), and June 2, 708 (Lake Erie). This species is hermaphro- ditic, according to Sterki (NauriLus, 12, ’98, p. 87). Anodonta grandis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); July, August (bid.); October (Baker, 798). In Pennsylvania gravid females are frequent in August, September, October. I have found a single THE NAUTILUS. 95 gravid female on May 22, ’08, out of a large number collected. Among numerous specimens collected on April 24, June 23, July 17 none were gravid. Thus the ‘‘interim” appears to extend over the month of May to July, with occasional individual exceptions. Anodontoides ferussacianus Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); Octo- ber (¢d¢d.). Found gravid in May, August and October. Among a dozen specimens, collected June 5, ’08, in Little Shenango River, and among numerous specimens of the var. subcylindraceus Lea, collected on June 2, ’08, in Lake Erie, not a single one was gravid. This would establish an interim at least in June. No dates are at hand for July. Symphynota compressa Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March, September (Lea, zb¢d.). Gravid in May and beginning of Junc (June 2 in Lake Erie; only part of the outer gills charged). No gravid females tuken during the rest of June, and during July, but only a small number of specimens was secured during this time. Beginning August 6, all through the montb, and during September and October, gravid females were abundant. The color of the mar- supium is very variable in this species: whitish, pink, orange, brown, and probably depends on the stage of development of eggs and embryos. (To be continued.) NOTES. SHELLS NEW TO THE NEw ENGLAND FAUNA.—In a very small portion of shell-sand gathered by Mr. John Robinson at Hampton Beach, New Hampshire, I discovered a genus new to America, namely Homalogyra atomus Phil. A subsequent visit to this place enabled me to add a number of forms new to the New England Coast north of Cape Cod. Among those thus far determined is a Scissurella, probably crispata Flem., and Cacum pulchellum Stimp. A few years ago Miss Marjorie C. Newell discovered specimens of Tagelus devisus Spengl. on Coffin’s Beach, and Miss M. W. Brooks has detected a specimen of this species at Hampton Beach. Later I hope to make an extended paper with illustrations of these and other new additions to our molluscan fauna.—Epwarp §S, Morse. 96 THE NAUTILUB. In his “‘ Economic Zoology, an introductory text-book in Zoology with special reference to its applications in Agriculture, Commerce and Medicine,” by Herbert Osborn, M. Sc., 1908, the chapter on Mollusca (p. 147-173) is partially illustrated by original figures. Figs. 94 and 95, labeled ‘Common Snail, Patula alternata” is apparently Polygra profunda! Except fora very brief allusion to the pearl and pearl-button industry, the only ‘‘ economic” mollusks mentioned are the oyster and Mya arenaria, although to go no further away than our own coast, commercially the round clam or quahog is much the more important of our clams, and the scallop industry has assumed large proportions. Alcadia pusilla intermedia, n. var. Shell intermediate in size between A. pusilla and A. hollandt, alt. 5.2, diam. 7.7 mm. ; opercu- lum roughened externally much as in A. hollandi, its columellar mar- gin with sharp comb-like costula. Jamaica, (S. Raymond Roberts.) —H. A. Piispry. BIFIDARIA TUBA INTUSCOSTATA Clapp. Plate VII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, Broken shells showing internal lamella X 10. 5, 6, 7, 8, Ab- normal shells X 10. 9, 10,11 Typical x 12. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. DescripTION oF NEw CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY FossiLs FROM THE Santa Cruz Movunrain, Catirornia. By Rapa Arnotp. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv, p. 3495, plates 31-37, 1908.) Descriptions of the various geological formations with lists of species, followed by descriptions of some thirty-seven new species. DeEscRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM MExIco, BELIEVED TO BE New. By Wm. H. Datt, (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxv, p. 177, plates 29-33, 1908.) A new species of Ceelocentrum (C. palmeri Dall and Bartsch) forms the type of a new section Crossostephanus. Three new Streptostylas, one Luglandina and one Lampsilis are described and figured. Anodonta coarctata Anton and Diplodon webhsteri Simpson are also figured. The latter from New Zealand, was described in Toe Nav- TILUS, Vol. xvi, p. 30, 1902. THE NAUTILUS, XXII. Deas Be Sg fa) 7 FS) ! 5 j i ] | i ! \ Sm SBS 3 re) ( = 5a 9 BIFIDARIA TUBA iINTUSCOSTATA CLAPP -_ rea 5 len te = ae ihe fae ‘7 : i 7 i « Leet ‘ ’ ; | » a ; o ce , r Pit s ba gir hn - = i? 2 ; oe), > eee = oy < a i Ee ace HE WAU PEEUS: Vou. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1909. No. 10. A WEEK AT CLAIBORNE, ALABAMA. BY REV. H. E. WHEELER. A part of my October vacation was spent with a party of geologists on a house-boat trip from Tuscaloosa, on the Warrior river, to Jack- son, on the Tombigbee. The party consisted of the State Geologists from South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, namely, Mr. Earle Sloan, Mr. T. W. McCaloie, Dr. E. H. Sellards, Dr. Eugene A. Smith and Dr. F. W. Prouty, besides Dr. George Little, of Tus- caloosa; Dr. Roland M. Harper, of New York, botanist; Hon. T. H. Aldrich, of Birmingham, paleontologist; and Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who was studying in detail the correlation of the coastal plain geology of the Southern States. One of the results of the expedition was the confirmation of our Alabama nomenclature for the cretaceous and tertiary formations so typically illustrated in this State. Another result was the fine series of fossils collected along the route, From Jackson some of the party went to the sections about Mobile to study the Grand Gulf formation, while I made my way to the classic locality—Claiborne, on the Alabama river. To one who has but recently delved into the mysteries of paleontology no more encourag- ing formation could be desired than this. Made famous by the early work of Lea and Conrad, a fascination for every student since, it will not fail to yield treasures new and old to any zealous collector. A year ago I gathered a quantity of shells there, enough to fill the win- ter’s evenings with rare pleasure, but this year I was even more fortunate, 98 THE NAUTILUS. The beautiful Corbis lamellosa Lam. was found in a thin layer of white sand in the ferruginous bed—quantities of them in perfect condition. Just as I was leaving I picked up a Cyprea nuculoides Ald.,! so far as I know never before reported from this locality. A fine large Fusus ( Clavilithes) protextus Con. rewarded my laborious digging, as well as perfect specimens of most of the common species. It was on my last visit that I was fortunate enough to find the very rare Oancellaria priama Harris,’ the type of which had unfortunately been broken. I obtained two enormous Trochiformis infundibulum Lea, and among other interesting, though not in every case rare, species may be mentioned the following: Pisania claibornensis Whitf., Lutraria papyria Con., Avicula limula Con., Papillina papillata Con. (very rare), Fusus tnauratus Con., Conus sauridens Con., Cornu- lina armigera Con., a Melongena v. sp., Limopsis cuneus Con., Fissu- rella tenebrosa Con., Sigaretus declivis Con., Actgon inflatior Meyer, Mathilda leana Ald., Leiorhynus prorutus Gabb. The lecality ought also to be interesting to the collector of recent shells. I noted on the bluff the dainty Glandina rosea Fer. Passing through the overgrown and deserted streets of the vil- lage,’ one would hardly suspect that in former times it was important enough to be visited by General Lafayette (1825) in his tour of the States. But the old Masonic Hall in which he spoke still stands, though now removed to Perdue Hill, two miles away. Here (in Claiborne) Conrad taught the children of a wealthy family while he named the treasures of the ancient eocene sea. Two of Alabama’s Governors—Bagby and Murphy—were residents of Claiborne when elected, and Charles Tait, to whom the scientific world is indebted for its first knowledge of this famous bed. was Alabama’s first Federal Judge. On the “ Bluff” itself stood old ‘Fort Claiborne,” whose guns frowned vengeance on the crafty Choctaws; but gone now is the glory of the once proud river town, scattered are its families, and almost past recovery are its traditions. But for how many years to come will these ancient seas continue to give up the secrets entrusted to them? Monuments that crumble and yet survive; frail shells on which the order of creation is too finely graven for human skill to imitate. Blocton, Alabama. 1Nautizus, Vol. XVI, p. 98, pl. 3. 2Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. I, p. 49, pl. 1, fig. 20. 8 There are less than fifty inhabitants (white) in Claiborne to-day. THE NAUTILUS. 99 THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONIDZ IN PENNSYLVANIA. BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN. (Concluded from page 98.) Symphynota viridis Conr. August 24, ’08, four gravid females were found among a dozen specimens; of 35 specimens collected by Dr. D. A. Atkinson on July 11, 08, not a single one was gravid. Symphynota costata Raf. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42); March, Oc- tober (Lea, zbid.). I found gravid specimens in April, May (latest date, May 26), and then again in August (earliest date, August 9), September, October. Numerous specimens were collected in June and July, but none of them was gravid. Symphynota complanata Barn. Autumn (Lea, III, ’42) ; March (Lea, zbd.). Gravid females found on May 14, ’08. Alasmidonta undulata Say. September and October (Lea, II, 38). Gravid females on July 18 and August 12. Alasmidonta heterodon Lea. August, September (Lea, II, ’38); May (Lea, X, 63). Alasmidonta marginata Say. October and December (Lea, II, 38). The western form was found gravid in August, September, October. Out of a number of specimens collected on June 5, 8 and 2zZ none was gravid. No dates at hand for July. The eastern form was found gravid on August 13. The western form (= truncata _ Wright = typical marginata Say) is hardly distinguishable from the eastern (var. varicosa Lam.), see Pilsbry and Fox, Nauri.us, 01, pp. 16 and 17). Group B. SuMMER BREEDERS. Some of the summer breeders ( Unio, Pleurobema) have the outer gills only serving as marsupium, in others (Quadrula) all four gills are supposed to assume this function in the breeding season. Yet in many Quadrulas this condition is unknown, and, as we shall see be- low, the arrangement of the species into genera will need revision and correction. 1 enumerate the species here according to Simpson’s Synopsis. Unio gibbosus Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95); July, Aug- ust (Lea, Il], 42). I found gravid females of this common species in June and July, and a single belated one on August 13. Hun- 100 THE NAUTILUS. dreds of individuals were collected in April, May, August, Septem- ber. October, but no gravid females were among them. Unio crassidens Lam. Summer breeder (Sterki, 95). I collected numerous specimens in July, August, September, October, but never found a gravid female. I never had a chance to get this species earlier in the season. Unio complanatus Dillw. ‘ But once annually, from April-May to July-August”? (Conner, ’07); May (Lea, X, 63). I collected this species only in the month of August, and consequently never - found it gravid. Pleurobema clava Lam. July-August (Lea, III, ’42). Found _ gravid on June 18 and July 10. Specimens collected on May 14 and in August, September and October were not gravid. Pleurobema aesopus Green. Summer breeder (Sterki, 799). Gravid on July 3 and 13, ’08. Never found in the gravid state during August, September, October, when many were collected. Sterki (795) places this with the species, in which all four gills are charged, and (Pr. Ohio Ac., 4, ’97, p. 391) with the genus Quadrula. Yet according to my observations only the outer gills serve as marsupium, and are distinguished at that time by a very peculiar red color; already Lea (X, 638, p. 482) enumerates this spe- cies among those which have red eggs, but he saw them only in the ovarium. Yet this ‘‘red”’ of the gills is entirely different from that of certain gravid species of Quadrula, being rather of a “ lilac”’ hue. Quadrula undulata Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki, 95). I col- lected many specimens in August, September, October, but did not find gravid females. The only one was found on July 3, ’08; it had all four gills charged, which were whitish (not red). Lea (X, ’68, p. 417) says that only the outer branchiz serve as marsupium, while Sterki (795) puts it in group B, where all four branchiz are said to be charged. Curiously enough, Sterki (’95, p. 93) places the closely allied J. multiplicatus Lea (= @. heros Say) with his group A (winter breeders), giving the date November 1, and says that also the mar- supium is of the type A (Lampsilis type). Since tlie latter has been described and figured by Lea (VII, ’60, p. 122, pl. 30, f. 105), and is distinctly of the Quadrula type, with all four gills charged, I believe that we have to deal with a dapsus calami for U. multiradiatus Lea. Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. May (Lea, III, 42). THE NAUTILUS. 101 Quadrula pustulosa Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95). Quadrula rubiginosa Lea. July-August (Lea, III, 42); June (Baker, ’98). I found this species gravid on May 27, June 30, July 3 and July 8. The marsupium corresponds to the account given of it by various writers; it is formed by all four gills, which are at that time deep red. Quadrula subrotunda Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, ’95). Found gravid July 3 and July 13. During late summer and fall no gravid females were found, although many specimens were collected. All four gills are charged and of deep red color. Quadrula kirtlandiana Lea, One gravid female was found on August 2, 67, among hundreds of specimens collected ; all four gills were charged, and red. Later in the season, in August, September, October, no gravid females were seen. Quadrula coccinea Conr. Found gravid on June 18, ’08 (Nes- hannock Creek, McKean Co., collected by Mr. Dennis Dally on June 22,’08. There were, altogether, about a dozen of them, and in every case the marsupium did not agree with the type of the genus Quadrula, for only the outer gills were charged in their whole extent, and were whitish. This would remove this species from the genus Quadrula, and would place it with Pleurobema. (Baker, ’98, p. 80, gives a description of the soft parts, and says “‘ four gills used as marsupium,” but this may not be founded upon personal observa- tion, but may have been inferred from the systematic position of the species. ) Tritogonia tuberculata Barn. Gravid, according to Sterki (Nav- TILUS, 21, 07, p. 48) on June 10, ’07, and marsupium formed by all four gills. This would place the species with the genus Quadrula, where it would group with Q. trapezoides Lea. Since the specific name is preoccupied in this genus, and since none of the synonyms are available, a new name should be found, and I propose here: Quadrula tritogonia nov. nom. (I have discussed this point with Dr. Sterki, and he is of the same opinion.) Of the other species of Qwadrula found in Western Pennsyl- vania, Q. hippopea Lea, cylindrica Say, metanevra Raf., cooperiana Lea, obliqua Lea, pyramidata Lea, tuberculata Raf., I have never seen gravid females, and nothing is known about their marsupium and breeding season. The above observations on the breeding seasons of Pennsylvanian i] 102 THE NAUTILUS. Unionidae fully bear out Sterki’s division into two groups: summer and winter breeders. The breeding season of the summer breeders is short (maximum hardly four months), while in the winter breed- ers this season is prolonged, extending from late summer, through the winter into spring. Yet it must be borne in mind that probably in the single individual the breeding season does not fully occupy the whole length of the term, since it has been repeatedly observed that the embryos and ovisacs are discharged at various times, even in the beginning of the winter. In some species belonging to the group of winter breeders the period of gravidity may be extremely long, so that the end of one breeding season (in May, June, July) may overlap with the begin- ning of the next (June, July, August), and such species may appear to breed ‘all the year round.” This has been hinted at already by Sterki, and Conner gives the following instances: Lampsilis radiata and Lampsilis nasuta. My own observations make this condition probable in Lampsilis ventricosa and Lampsilis luteola. Yet in others an “interim” is very distinct in the early summer. This is the normal condition, according to Sterki, and has been found to be true for Anodonta cataracta by Conner, and by my observations it is made more or less probable for Lampsilis igamentina, Ptychobranchus phaseolus, Strophitus undulatus, Anodonta grandis, Anodontoides fer- ussacianus, Symphynota compressa, Symphynota viridis, Symphynota costata, Alasmidonta marginata. These peculiar conditions may be explained by the following assumption: Quadrula, with the four gills serving as marsupium, is, in my opinion, the most primitive type of our Unionidae. Next to it stand Pleurobema and Unio, with only the outer gills serving as mar- supium, but with the shell more or less resembling that of Quadrula. These forms represent also the most primitive type of the breeding season, which is short, and falls into the warm season. These forms existed already at a time when a uniform warm climate prevailed. At that time, possibly, the breeding season was not so restricted, but at the present time it has become so, since only during a short period of the year these old, primitive conditions prevail (in summer). Forms like Unio and Quadrula actually go back to mesozoic times. All other genera are more advanced. The group Alasmidonta, Symphynota, Anodontoides, Anodonta, Strophitus (which is, accord- ing to Sterki, characterized by a peculiar glochidium) resembles in ed THE NAUTILUS. 103 the marsupium the Plewrobema-Unio type, but differs by a general tendency to reduce the hinge teeth. Another group is formed by the rest of the genera, in which the marsupium becomes very highly specialized, more or less restricted to a part of the outer gills, and where true ovisacs are developed. All these more advanced genera originated probably at a time when seasonal changes of climate existed already in our continent—in the tertiary—and the shorten- ing of the warm period in summer possibly induced them to prolong the breeding season, that is to say, to postpone the discharge of the embryos to a more favorable time, namely, till the next spring. This made necessary special adaptations for the carrying of the em- bryos through the winter, and probably the ovisacs of the most highly developed genera belong to these special adaptations. In certain genera, ovisacs are not at all developed, and in Strophitus an independent form (placenta). This lengthening of the breeding season finally led to the merging of the end of the one of them into the beginning of the next (known only in one of the most highly specialized genera, Lampsilis), while in less specialized genera, in Alasmidonta, Symphynota, Anodonta, also in Ptychobranchus and some species of Lampsilis, an ‘‘ interim ”’ in midsummer still exists. I think this is a reasonable interpretation of the different types of breeding season and their development, yet it is proposed here as a mere theory, which should be substantiated by further investigations on the marsupium and the breeding seasons of our Unionide. MOLLUSKS FROM AROUND ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND J. H. FERRISS. A considerable amount of work has been done on New Mexican mollusks, and the numerous local lists published would make a good showing for the Territory if compiled into one catalogue. The more recent lists were based upon material collected by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell and his pupils, and by Messrs. Joshua L. and Albert Baily, Ferriss and Pilsbry. The records are to be found in Nauritus, ix, p- 116; x, p. 42; xi, p. 69; xii, pp. 76, 131; xiii, pp. 18, 36, 49, 79; xiv, pp. 9, 47, 72, 82, 85; xvi, pp. 57, 69, Mollusca of the South- western States, I, II, etc. 104 THE NAUTILUS. In 1906 we collected a few shells in the neighborhood of Albu querque while waiting for trains. The immediate environs of Albuquerque are barren of molluscan life. Only along the Rio Grande the drift débris affords small shells, the land forms probably washed down from the Sandia mountains, which rise north of the city. A low ridge of black volcanic rock frowning on the western horizon proved to be not worth the excur- sion. We found only a few Pupoides marginatus there. The nearer slopes of the Sandia mountains are also barren. A few small species were found in the canyon beyond the Agricultural College. A much richer fauna no doubt inhabits the higher slopes northward. Miss Maud Ellis found twelve species in Las Huartus canyon, at 8000- 9000 feet elevation (NAUTILUS, xiv, 85). The following forms were taken: Helicodiscus eigenmanni arizonensis P. & F. Rio Grande drift; Sandia Mts. Vitrea indentata umbilicata Ckll. Sandia Mts. Zonitoides arborea (Say). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift débris. Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift débris. Euconulus fulvus (Mull.). Sandia Mts. Vallonia cyclophorella Anc.. Rio Grande drift débris. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). Sandia Mts. Pupoides marginatus (Say). Rio Grande drift débris; volcanic ridge about 5 miles west of Albuquerque. Pupoides hordaceus (Gabb). Rio Grande drift. Pupilla blandi Morse. Rio Grande drift. Bifidaria procera (Gld.). Rio Grande drift. Bifidaria procera cristata P. & V. Rio Grande drift. Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella (Pils.). Rio Grande drift. Bifidaria armifera (Say). Rio Grande drift. Vertigo ovata Say. Rio Grande drift. Lymnea bulimoides cockerelli P. & F. Rio Grande drift. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Rio Grande drift. Planorbis parvus Say. Rio Grande drift. Valvata (humeralis Say?), one broken specimen. Rio Grande drift. THE NAUTILUS. 105 FOSSIL AND LIVING SHELLS FOUND IN LITTLE MUD LAKE, WESTMAN- LAND, AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE. BY OLOF O. NYLANDER. This small lake is located in the forest near the south line of Westmanland Plantation, and is the headwater of Salmon Brook. This little lake contains some interesting shells not found in the county before. The deposit of dead shells (marl) is many feet in thickness, and is chiefly composed of Pisidia. The living shells are extremely rare in the lake, and those col- lected came from small spring brooks at the north end of the lake. Dr. V. Sterki has kindly examined all the Pistdia. I do not know what the amateur collectors would do with these miserable little shells without his assistance. The fossils collected are as follows: Lymnea desidiosa Say. Common. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Common. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. A few young shells. Planorbis hirsutus Gld. One specimen. Planorbis parvus Say. Abundant. Ancylus parallelus Hald. One specimen. Valvata sp.? A variable species; some are nearly flat, others have the apex extremely elevated, a large percentage are decollate and the whorls are sometimes dislocated near the apex. Mr. Bryant Walker has examined specimens and states: ‘‘ They are extremely curious * * * J have never seen any like them before. They are no doubt a form of V. sincera Say.” Dr. W. H. Dall gives me the following information: ‘‘ They are exactly like the depauperate form of V. lewisti Currier. * * * The distortions are familiar to me as found in marl deposits, the water becoming too much mineralized for the mollusks.” I made special efforts to obtain living specimens of this Valvata during the two trips to the lake, but not one could be found. Anodonta fragilis Lam. Fragments. Spherium sulcatum Lam. A few valves. Spharium rhomboideum Say. Common. Musculium sp.? probably securis Prime. Small. Pisidium variabile Prime. ae compressum Prime. és affine Sterki. 106 THE NAUTILUS. Pisidium mainense Sterki. $s ventricosum Prime. As costatum Sterki. “6 medianum var. minutum Sterki. ce contortum Prime. 5s triangulare Sterki. es tenuissimum Sterki. s splendidulum Sterki. “ splendidulum, a new var.—Sterki. : abditum ? or closely related to that species. The following living shells were collected: Planorbis trivolvis Say. Two specimens. Planorbis parvus Say. Three specimens. Anodonta fragilis Lam. One specimen. Musculium sp.? A small form, probably a new species. Pisidium variabile Prime. ss ventricosum Prime. és subrotundum Sterki. a mainense Sterki. Be medianum var. minutum Sterki. ke splendidulum Sterki. di splendidulum, a new variety.—Sterki. As additions to the Aroostook county shells, I might mention Pisidium punctum var. simplex Sterki. Dead water Caribou stream, Woodland. Rare and new to the county. Pisidium milium Hald. is common in Gelot’s Lake, New Sweden. Caribou, Me. REMARKS ON THE SUBFAMILIES HYRIINE AND UNIONINZE. BY L. 8. FRIERSON. A few facts having important bearing on the classification of the Naiades, having come to notice, are herewith given to the readers of NaAvrtTILus. Two species of the genus Pseudodon were obtained from Sowerby and Fulton, showing beak sculpture. P. vondembuschiana Lea has a somewhat doubly looped sculpture. The anterior loops curve upwards ; the posterior are straighter, sloping backwards and downwards. P. walpolei has a sculpture much like that of the Cristarias, being heavy bars, more or less parallel with the growth-lines. THE NAUTILUS. 107 The important fact revealed by these specimens shows that the genus must be moved from the subfamily Hyriin@ and placed in the subfamily Unionine. Two species of Parreysia (P. corrugata, and P. wynegungaensis) were received (numerous specimens) bearing eggs in all four gills, as in Quadrula. That these shells would be found bearing ova in all four gills was prophesied as being probable by Mr. Simpson (Synop- sis, page 508). The important bearing of this fact is that it proves that beak sculpture and manner of carrying ova tn the gills are not correlated. In this connection Mr. C. T. Simpson wrote (in a letter) several years ago that gravid animals of the group of Unio (Nodularia) eaffer Krauss proved to carry eggs in their outer gills, and thus necessitated the moving of this group from the subfamily Hyriine, genus Nodularia, to the subfamily Unionine, genus Unio. But in the light of further knowledge we see that our definition of the subfamily Hyriing (as differentiated from Unionine) must be amended. We must choose between beak sculpture (‘radial versus concentric’) or marsupial characters (‘* Exobranchiz versus Endo- branchiz ’’) in our definitions. The judgment of the writer would be to drop the marsupial feature and adhere to the beak sculpture, thus giving for our definition of the subfamily Unionine: ‘‘ Essentially concentric beak sculpture,” and for Hyriing: ‘‘Essentially radial beak sculpture.” Thus amended, the group of Nodularia caffer Krauss remains undisturbed, as originally located by Mr. Simpson. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW AMERICAN PUPIDZE. BY V. STERKI. VERTIGO NYLANDERI N. sp. Shell perforated, oblong, with a rather acute apex, of deep horn color, pellucid; whorls 44-5, quite convex, with a deep suture, with sub-regular, crowded striae (except the embryonal), the last occupy- ing about one-half of the altitude, gradually narrowed towards the aperture, which is small; peristome slightly everted, margin not thickened; palatal wall with an indentation barely above its middle, forming a well-marked sinus and sinulus; behind it a trace of a crest, and behind that a long, deep furrow-like impression over the palatal 108 THE NAUTILUS. folds, ascending obliquely from near the base; no callus within; lamelle and plice 6; parietal rather long and curved; parallel with it is a thin, lamelliform angular; columellar and inferior columellar rather small, short, the latter near the base; palatals long, the lower deep-seated, ending close to the beginning of the upper, one appear- ing to be a continuation of the other. Alt. 1.6, diam. 0.9 mm. Soft parts not seen. Woodland, Aroostook county, Maine, collected in 1896 by Mr. Olof O. Nylander, in whose honor the species is named. I have two specimens on hand, the types (No. 1075 of my collection of North American Pupid@); a few more are in the collection of Mr. Nylander. Ever since ’96 the form was regarded as distinct, but not published. The two specimens are alike, mature and perfect, and cannot be deformed ones of some other species, In appearance and surface strix they are somewhat like V. gouldii Binn., but otherwise the shell is quite different. In its shape, with the narrowed last whorl, it somewhat resembles V. osecariana St., but the lamelle and plice are very different. BIFIDARIA CLAPPI n. sp. Shell glossy, colorless to milky-whitish, perforate, cylindrical in the lower 3-4 whorls, conical or subconical above, with a rather acute apex; whorls 64-74, the upper ones rather narrow, the lower ones broader and less convex, the last moderately large, ascending at the aperture, somewhat narrow but rounded at the base, slightly flattened over the palate; surface shining, with slight irregular to sub- regular striz; aperture nearly oval, margins approximate; peristome everted, not thickened, but there is a slight to rather strong white callus in the palate; lamellae and plice: parieto-angular distinctly complex, rather long, moderately elevated, connecting with the peri- stome near its outer upper terminus (much as in B. armifera), the spur’ of the parietal moderately large; columellar axial spiral, with the lower end nearer the aperture, thicker and rather abrupt, or somewhat bifurcate; ‘‘ basal’ (inferior columellar) slight or wanting; 1In B. armifera and clappi, near the inner end of the parietal lam., there is a process, or “spur,” outward, that is, towards the periphery, at nearly right angles, smaller or larger, generally visible in front view. So far it has been seen in no other species; but in B. contracta there is a protracted, curved part, lower than the rest of the lam., and not visible in front view. THE NAUTILUS. 109 upper and lower palatals regular, an interpalatal in many specimens; suprapalatal wanting or quite small. Alt. 3.5-4 (rarely 3.2-3.4), diam. 1.9-2.1 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5, diam. 1.2 mm. Soft parts, seen only from one dried Alabama specimen, soaked, very dark from copious, deep brown pigment. Jaw amber-colored, strongly curved, rather broad, rounded at the ends, its surface with numerous radial rib-strie; the line of the attachment of the tenacu- lum strong. Radula with 78 transverse rows of 27 (or 29) teeth, r+ 6 + 7 (8); rachidian rather narrow, with a short mesodont and very small ecto- donts (barely visible); laterals bicuspid, with the mesodont as long as the plate, the ectodont about one-third as long; the outer posterior angle of the plate raised, cusp-like; seventh and eighth with the ectodont split in two, somewhat intermediate or * transition ” teeth; marginals (9-13) serrate, with the mesodont rather long, thin; the fourteenth a barely visible irregular transverse bar, or wanting. As this is from a single specimen, there may be some variation. Other parts could not be examined. Habitat: Knoxville (various localities); eastern Tenn.; Fayette- ville and Columbia, Tennessee; Gurley and Huntsville, Alabama; Grand Rapids, Michigan; “ Ottawa, Illinois.” ? The species shows little variation, except in altitude, with nearly the same diameter, and such as are noted in the description. There is no tendency towards having the peristome continuous. The types are from Knoxville, Tenn., but almost any good specimen seen from anywhere might be taken for a type. B. clappt is remarkable for its resemblance to some forms of B. armifera Say, for a variety of which it has been taken. Yet it is quite distinct. Of over 150 specimens carefully compared with more than 1500 armifera not one was found doubtful or intermediate, The most tangible difference is in the shape of the columellar lamella. The shell averages somewhat smaller, the apex is more acute, the surface strie are finer and slighter, the lower palatal plica is always 1B. armifera shows considerable variation with respect to size and shape, and in connection with it, in the shape of the columellar and lower palatal. These differences mark two main forms, varieties at least, the shell of one of them being more cylindrical aud more or less resembling clappi, but the colu- mellar (and lower palatal) are always different, 110 THE NAUTILUS. regular.!. When one is once familiar with the species it is easily rec- ognized. There is no doubt that specimens are in various collections as, and mixed with, armifera, and all such lots should be revised. Specimens, as ‘*Pupa armifera,”’ were received in 1886-92 from the late Mrs. Geo. Andrews, collected at Knoxville, Tenn., at vari- ous places, marked: ‘‘ Garden,” “ The Thicket,” “‘ under stones,” ageregating 58 armifera, 51 clappti. In a lot of 32 from drift on the Duck river, Columbia, Tenn., sent by Prof. B. Shimek in 1892, 18 were armifera and 14 clappi; 5 specimens, of the latter only, from ‘ Columbia, Tenn.,”’ were received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley in 1887. Lately Mr. Geo. H. Clapp was kind enough to send me all his armifera for inspection; among them was a lot from ‘ Eastern ’ Tennessee,” all clappi; one from Gurley, Ala., the same; and one from Huntsville, Ala., with 36 armifera and 1 clappi. The latter two were collected by Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Mr. Bryant Walker also kindly sent me his whole arm/fera material, 37 lots. Among them were clappi from Fayetteville, Tenn., and Huntsville, Ala., and, much to my surprise, from Grand Rapids, Mich. Also in a lot from ‘ Ottawa, IIl.,’’? which I owe to Mr, F. C. Baker, both species were represented. It seems then that the distribution of B. clappt is not only southeastern, as had been supposed, and it may be found in other parts of the country also. I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of Mr. Geo. H. Clapp. STRANGE SHELLS. One specimen: Umbilicate, cylindrical-tur- riculate; whorls 62, moderately convex, the last occupying nearly one-half of the altitude; aperture higher than wide, somewhat like that of Ofonella lubrica except for the columellar part; peristome straight, thin and sharp; no trace of lamellz and plicz; colorless to pale horn; shell thin, translucent; surface with fine, irregular striz; alt. 4, diam. 2 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5, diam. 1 mm.; umbilicus round, of about 0.5 mm. diam., and pervious into the preceding whorls. From Rose Hill, near Buffalo, N. Y., collected and sent by Miss E. L. Letson in a lot of Bifid. armifera Say, var. What is it? If it came from a foreign country, or even from some unexplored part of our own continent, one might be tempted to regard it is represent- ing a n. sp., and even a new genus. But in all probability it is a freak, or monstrous specimen of Bifid. armifera. This had been written when I received, from Mr. Clapp, a somewhat corresponding THE NAUTILUS. 1 | specimen, from Gastonburg, Ala. It was plainly a B. armifera, large, especially the last whorl, much larger than the penultimate, evidently overgrown, with a very small and slight parietal lam. A specimen, corresponding especially with the first-mentioned, of Bifid. corticaria, from Jackson county, Ala., was received years ago from Mr. H. E. Sargent. 3.1 mm. high; peristome straight and thin; aperture without a trace of lamelle. REV. A. B. KENDIG, D. D. Dr. Amos B. Kendig, one of the best known Methodist clergymen of New England, died January 20, 1909, at Brookline, Mass. Dr. Kendig was born in Lancaster county, Penna., in 1830, re- moving to lowa when a young man. He at first studied law, but changed to the ministry, and was ordained in 1852. In the Civil War he served for a time as chaplain of the 9th Iowa regiment. In 1875 Dr. Kendig came to Boston and became pastor of the Monument Square M. E. Church in Charlestown. Later he held pastorates in Lynn, Worcester and Boston; then going to Brooklyn, N. Y., East Orange, N. J., and New York City. © Dr. Kendig was known for his energy in all that he undertook. He was a man of devout Christian character, and he brought to his profession the courtesy and the manners of a gentleman of the old school. A man of broad culture and sympathy, he took great inter- est in scientific matters, and was a member of several learned soci- eties. He took up the study of mineralogy at one time, aad made a large and fine collection of minerals, which he presented to a college in Iowa. Later he made a study of land shells of the world, built up a large and valuable collection, and accumulated a library. In 1903 he decided to give up the study of shells, his collection going to the Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Dr. Kendig had many warm friends among conchologists. He is survived by two daughters, Mrs. George F. Kellogg and Mrs. Silas Peirce. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE BREEDING SEASONS OF THE UNIONIDE. BY CHAS. H. CONNER. Dr. A. E. Ortmann’s article, relative to the breeding seasons of the Unionidae, will doubtless be received as an interesting and valu- able contribution to the subject, and in order to extend its usefulness, so far as my limited ability will permit, I beg to present a condensed report of my observations, made from 1105 to 1908 inclusive. I, too, have noticed some apparent variations in the breeding periods of individuals, as also in the species, in different years. Possibly this 112 THE NAUTILUS. difference may be due more or less to difference in the seasons (weather) from year to year. The facts already obtained have an important bearing on legislative action already taken or contemplated for the protection and preser- vation of our fresh-water mussels. Unlike the song and game birds and the mammals, no close season will serve to protect all of the spe- cies. The taking of all clams under the fully adult size must be pro- hibited to prevent their extermination by pearl-hunters and button manufacturers. TABLE SHOWING GRAVID PERIODS OF THE UNIONIDZ. The letter g indicates gravid individuals, m denoting that none were found gravid, gn that some females examined were gravid, others not gravid, either among specimens taken at the same time or in the same month in different years. . band Bal? gy Bb B Ss 2 eno lee 284] 2 28 |3 5 o BS ero = a ye mb & © ov @® eesl|Retles lS Bs Sealaqen|44n};oua Anodonta cataracta Say... -| g g g |gngnn|n _n g/g g g Anodonta implicata Say. . . g gv £ ef 2) | mn) Die eee Anodonta undulata Say. g n g Alasmidonta undulata Say. . . g Alasmidonia varicosa Lamarck. gon Lampsilis cariosus Say... . 2 ig gn eo New ae gig Lampsilis ochraceus Say .. . f ig ie Lampsilis radiatus Gmélin . . Eg ie eo eS we ealeweee Lampsilis ventricosus Barnes. . g Lampsilis ligamentinus Lamarck. gg Margaritana margaritifera L. .| n g g n Quadrula multiplicata. . . . . g Quadrula perplicata Conrad. . n Quadrula trapezoides Lea. . . n Strophitus edentulus Say... . g Symphynota viridis Coorad . . g Unio complanatus Solander. .| n mien sg ¢ | ¢ on on) | nee Unio heterodon Lea... . « « g UnionasutusSay ....--|8 € €|8 €§ S€<ligngegileEe Eg Ee f approxi- Unio northamptonensts Lea. + ares or rt nalus. Unio occidens Lea. . . . Unio rectus Lamarck. . .. . Anodonta footianaLea. ... Anodonta subcylindraceus Lea . Lampsilis superiorensis Marsh . 09 9Q 09 09 CI EE THE NAUTILUS, XXII. PLATE VIII. AS Eo 41, 2,3, ASHMUNELLA KOCHII CLAPP. 4, BIFIDARIA CLAPP! STERKI. 5,6, HOLOSPIRA BARTSCHI P. & C. 7, BIFIDARIA BILAMELLATA STERKI & CLAPP. THE (NAUTILUS. Vou. XXII. MARCH, 1909. INOS EE. PISIDIUM IN MASSACHUSETTS. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. During the past two summers the writer has had opportunity to collect in various places in Massachusetts, and Pisidium has yielded some good series. The species have just been determined by Dr. Sterki, with the following results: Dalton, in the Berkshire Hills—a brief visit in early spring— yielded compressum and abditum. Newton, Upper Falls, gave at one visit variabile, aequilaterale, pauperculum, affine and ferrugineum. Woburn, in a small outlet to Horn Pond, had compressum, abdi- tum and affine. Concord, near the famous battlefield, shows variabile, abditum, compressum. Wareham is at the head of Buzzards Bay, almost on Cape Cod. It is an important place in cranberry culture. Considerable mate- rial was obtained from ditches in the cranberry bogs. The species variabile and abditum both show local peculiarities; ferrugineum also occurs in the bogs. A trout brook in the woods gave excellent sets of variahile, with abditum quite rare. The Agawam River at East Wareham is one of the richest col- lecting grounds I know. Pis¢diwm is not abundant, but is peculiar. Dr. Sterki writes of variabile: “ Rather different from the common form, and representing a variety if found at other places,” another form similar yet distinct. Danvers, my present home, proves an excellent region for this 114 THE NAUTILUS. genus. A few tiny brooks are teeming with fresh-water shells, and the town has the following species: compressum, variabile, abditum, ventricosum, ferrugineum succineum, neglectum, aequilaterale, ferru- gineum and splendidulum, ‘for the first time seen in large numbers from Massachusetts.’’ A few forms not quite settled may show more of interest. A more careful search next summer may yield even more species from this interesting locality. NOTES ON SHELLS COLLFCTED AT BALSAS, GUERRERO, MEXICO, BY MR. WALTER E. KOCH, IN DEC., 1908. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND GEO. H. CLAPP. These shells were found in the crevices of the limestone rocks bordering the Rio Balsas, and the ravines leading to it, and about 1000 feet above the river, or at an altitude of 2000-3000 feet. No living shells were seen, and limited time prevented a very thorough search. EUGLANDINA LIEBMANNI (Pfr.). The specimens have the more minute sculpture very beautifully developed, agreeing with Strebel’s account of the type specimen, There is also a coarser form in some other localities, which seems to be more abundant in collections. PoOLYGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils. A series of eleven specimens shows great variation in size and shape of the umbilicus, and better preserved examples might possibly show the presence of more than one species in the lot. The extremes in size are 7.3 mm. diam. with 5 whorls, and 11 mm. with 53 whorls. OxysTYLA ZONIFERA (Strebel). Typical examples of this well-marked species. HoLosPIRA BARTSCHI bn. sp. Pl. viii, figs. 5, 6. The shell is white, imperforate, oblong, widest at the eighth or ninth whorl, rapidly tapering to the last whorl; terminal cone short, the apex mamillar. Two embryonic whorls smooth, gray, project- ing, the first whorl wider than the second; following three whorls THE NAUTILUS. 115 sculptured with slender riblets parted by wider intervals; the riblets then become irregular and weaker; at and below the shoulder they disappear, and the whorls are nearly smooth and flat to the last, which is ribbed, the ribs rather strong but irregular on the last half whorl, which is straightened, tapers to the well-rounded base, and is very shortly produced forward beyond the preceding whorl. The aperture is very shortly piriform, upper margin straightened with a slight callus within near the outer angle; other margins well curved and expanded. Internal axis rather wide throughout, widest above, smooth, its walls slightly concave within each whorl. At the end of the penultimate whorl there is a barely noticeable swelling of the axis, hardly visible in some specimens, and with no superposed callus. Length 14.8, greatest diam. 5.8 mm.; whorls 14. Length 15, greatest diam. 5.9 mm.; whorls 14. Length 18.25, greatest diam. 5.3 mm.; whorls 133. The length is estimated, since all of the examples have the peri- stome more or less broken basally. While very ‘‘ top-heavy,” it is less obese than H. imbricata v. Marts., which is strongly ribbed throughout. No other species of similar shape bas the same axial structure. In having a large internal pillar, H. bartschi resembles H. fusca y. Marts. Neither species is a typical Haplocion, but they agree with no other of the defined sections of Holospira. This species is named for Mr. Paul Bartsch, author of an excel- lent paper on Holospira and related genera. HoLospira GOLDMAN! Bartsch. One example, 13 x 5 mm., agrees well with a cotype of this spe- cies, received from the National Museum through the courtesy of Dr. Dall. H. gealei H. Ad., of which the internal structure is unknown, may prove to be allied. It is not unlike goldmani exter- nally, so far as can be gathered from Adams’ inadequate description. A NEW SPECIES OF PHOLADOMYA. BY WM. H. DALL. The figured type of the genus Pholadomya Sowerby is the recent P. candida Sow., from the island of Tortola in the West Indies, described in 1823. A large number of fossil species are known, but 116 THE NAUTILUS. during the eighty-four years which have elapsed since Sowerby characterized the genus, only one more recent species which can confidently be affirmed to belong to the typical section of the genus has been described. This is the P. lovent Jeffreys, 1881. PP. can- dida has its hinge composed of a pair of nymphs sustaining the external ligament, and in front of the nymphs a triangular area, directly under the beaks, which supported an internal resilium, some fibers of which still adhere to the specimen in the National Museum. The anterior edge of the resiliifer is raised into a rib-like prominence, which is what in descriptions of the genus is usually referred to as an “obscure tooth.” It is not a tooth, but a reinforcement of the pit or chondrophore. Not having a specimen for study in 1898, my description of this hinge from figures (Trans. Wagner Inst., iii, p. 530) is to this extent inaccurate. It is true that Verrill in 1881, and Locard in 1898, have described two bivalves under the names of Pholadomya arata and P. africana (Fischer MS.), but these do not belong to the typical section of the group and may belong ina wholly distinct genus. They are wedge-shaped, truncate shells with the chondrophore obsolete, and having an aspect which leads one to doubt whether the resilium was developed at all in either of them. Their soft parts are wholly unknown. It is therefore a matter of especial interest that in recent work of the U. 8. 8. Albatross in the N. W. Pacific, Aug. 10, 1906, at station 4904, in 107 fathoms, a right valve of Pholadomya was obtained, which I now propose to describe. PHOLADOMYA PACIFICA ND. Sp. Shell resembling an unusually plump specimen of Mya arenaria in general form, white, very thin, the beaks near the anterior third; inner layer of the shell pearly; beaks low, slightly prosocoelous; anterior margin of the valve evenly rounded, posterior a little attenuated and with a slight gape but also rounded; hinge-line thin with a short, narrow nymph, the chondrophore also narrow, directed obliquely backward, under and nearly parallel with the nymph; interior polished when fresh, the specimen rather dull, almost con- cealing the pallial sinus, which is less deep than in P. candida. The muscular impressions are obscure, but seem to agree with those of hat species; exterior largely, finely granulose, like many Thracias, sculptured with more or less evident lines of growth, and with abo THE NAUTILUS. ile; nine low radial ridges, starting from the beak, near which there are some intercalary ridges which become obsolete about the middle of the disk; both ends of the shell are destitute of radial sculpture for about one-fourth the total length; there is no defined dorsal area, lunule or escutcheon. Length of valve 48; length behind the beak 30; height 54; height of beak above the hinge-line 2.5; (double) diameter 26 mm. The sparse radial sculpture in the middle of the shell is almost exactly like that of P. candida, except that in the latter there are obscure nodosities on the ridges and no intercalaries, while both ends have obsolete radial lines. In one specimen of P. candida there are eleven ridges. The sculpture of P. arata and africana is quite different. The base of P. pacifica is gently arcu- ate. The specimen is registered in the U. S. Nat. Mus. as No. 110,456. It may be added that the granulation of the surface in P. candida is much less dense and conspicuous. THE SHOWALTER COLLECTION. BY HERBERC H. SMITH. Every student of North American fresh-water shells is familiar with the name of Dr. E. R. Showalter. He collected, probably, three-fourths of the Alabama Pleuroceratide described by Lea, and not a few of the Unionide ; many of Anthony’s species came from him, and he corresponded for years with Lewis, Hartman and other eminent conchologists. Dr. Showalter resided at Uniontown, Perry county, and afterwards at Point Clear, near Mobile, and he made extended excursions to the Cahaba, Coosa and other rivers of the Alabama system. His work, interrupted by the Civil War, was taken up again about 1867, though not apparently with the same enthusiasm. Until Aldrich took up the task, Showalter was almost the only man in this rich field, and his specimens are scattered through all our collections. Few naturalists know that Dr. Showalter had a collection of his own, and fewer still imagine that it is in existence. It had, in fact, a narrow escape from destruction. After Dr. Showalter’s death the shells were stored for years under his house at Point Clear. Like 118 THE NAUTILUS. most southern houses, this is supported by corner pillars, the space beneath being open to the winds and often to driving rains. Some of the boxes rotted, specimens fell out and labels decayed; when at length the collection became the property of the Alabama Geological Survey, portions of it had literally to be scooped up with a shovel. The condition was not encouraging, but such things always look worse than they really are. No doubt some specimens and labels were irretrievably lost, but by far the greater part of the collection was saved intact, and for this we must thank the able director of the Geological Survey, Dr. Eugene A. Smith. From the first he was keenly alive to the value of the Showalter shells, but with the means at his disposal he could do no more than preserve them from further harm; this he has done conscientiously. For years the collection has been stored in the State Museum at Tuscaloosa, but it could not be made available to students. Some months ago Mr. Bryant Walker asked me to examine the Showalter collection and, if possible, catalogue the Unionide. Dr. Smith placed the shells unreservedly in my hands and forwarded the work by every possibly means; ultimately he asked me to arrange the whole collection, and this I am now doing. Later on I hope to give a more extended account of this historical collection. It is much richer than I had imagined, and nearly all can be saved to science. For the student of Alabama Pleuroceratide its importance can hardly be overestimated; species which have been among the rarest in our collections are here represented by hun- dreds, sometimes thousands, of good specimens, and these, if not exactly cotypes, are at least the lots from which types were taken. Generally speaking, the shells are correctly labeled, far better than Pleuroceratid@ in the majority of our cabinets. The Uniontde and land shells are also important. Dr. Showalter had a general collec- tion of no great extent, and this will be useful for educational purposes. Every naturalist will be glad to know that the Showalter collection can be saved, and that it will soon be housed in the new museum building. The liberal character of Dr. Smith is a sufficient guar- antee that the specimens will be available to every true student. State University, Tuscaloosa, Ala., Feb. 9, 1909. THE NAUTILUS. 119 RECORDS OF MINNESOTA MOLLUSKS. BY L. E. DANIELS. The month of July, 1905, I spent at various points in Minnesota, and incidentally did some collecting of mollusca; and since there has been so little published on the mollusca of Minnesota, I contribute my mite. The following is a complete list of my catch. At Thief River Falls and White Earth Lake I collected several days; at the other localities but a few hours, so that this list cannot be taken as a com- plete fauna of either locality. At the time of my collecting, the rivers and lakes were very high, which will account for the scarcity of fluviatile species. In order to shorten the names of the localities I will say that Halma is in Marshall county; Anita and Thief River Falls in Red Lake county; White Earth Lake in Becker county; Lake Harriett, near Minneapolis, in Hennepin county; and Cannon Lake in Rice county. Polygyra multilineata (Say). Minneapolis. Cireinaria concava (Binn.). Minneapolis. Vitrona limpida Gld. Thief River Falls. Vitrea hammonis (Strom.). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Vitrea binneyana (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Euconulus fulvus (Miiller), Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Euconulus chersinus polygyratus Pils. Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake, Anita. Zonitoides arborea (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Zonitoides minuscula (Binney). Thief River Falls. Zonitoides milium (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Pyramidula alternata (Say). White Earth Lake, Minneapolis. Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi Pilsbry. White Earth Lake, Cannon Lake, Anita. - Felicodiscus parallelus (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake, Anita. 120 THE NAUTILUS. Punctum pygm@um (Drap.). Thief River Falls. Succinea retusa Lea. White Earth Lake, var. Thief River Falls. Succinea ovalis Say. Thief River Falls, var, Minneapolis. Succinea avara Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake. Succinea avara vermeta Say. White Earth Lake. Strobilops virgo (Pils.). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Thiet River Falls, White Earth Lake. Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Thief River Falls. Bifidaria tuppaniana (C. B. Adams). White Earth Lake. Bifidaria holzingeri Sterki. White Earth Lake. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miller). Thief River Falls. Also a form which seems to be C. /. morseana Doherty. Vallonia costata (Miller). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Carychium exile canadense Clapp. Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake. Lampsilis luteola Lam. Thief River Falls. Anodonta kennicotti Lea. Thief River Falls. Unio gibbosus Barnes. Thief River Falls. Quadrula lachrymosa Lea, Thief River Falls. Spherium simile Say. Lake Harriett. Spherium occidentale Prime. Thief River Falls. Musculium jayanum Prime. Thief River Falls. Pisidium sp. Thief River Falls. Campeloma subsolidum Anthony. Mississippi River, Minneapolis. Campeloma rufum Hald. Lake Harriett. Campeloma milesii Lea. Thief River Falls. Valvata sincera danielsi Walker. Cannon Lake. Valvata tricarinata Say. Cannon Lake. Valvata tricarinata simplex Gld. Cannon Lake. Amnicola limosa Say. Var. Cannon Lake. Physa ancillaria Say. Lake Harriett. Physa gyrina Say. Lake Harriett. Physa gyrina hildrethiana Lea. Thief River Falls. Physa gyrina oleacea Tryon. White Earth Lake. Aplexa hypnorum (Linn,.). Thief River Falls, Halma. Lymnea stagnalis appressa Say. Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake, Halma, Lake Harriett. Lymne@a stagnalis var. Lake Harriett. Lymnea obrussa Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake. THE NAUTILUS. 121 Lymnea obrussa modicella Say. Thief River Falls. Lymnea sterkit Baker. Thief River Falls. Lymnex coperata Say. Thief River Falls, Anita. Lymne@a palustris Muller. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake, Halma, Anita. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Lake Harriett, Cannon Lake. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake, Halma, Lake Harriett. Planorbis campanulatus Say. Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake, Cannon Lake, Lake Harriett. Planorbis hirsutus Gld. Cannon Lake. Planorbis parvus Say. ‘Thief River Falls, Anita. Segmentina armigera Say. Thief River Falls. TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CYPREA FROM N. E. QUEENSLAND. BY H. B. PRESTON. Among a number of Cyprea trom N. E. Queensland recently received there occur two varieties, one of C. xanthodon Gray and one of C. miliaris Gmel., which, though undoubtedly belonging to these species, possess such marked varietal characters as to merit notice. I therefore venture to describe them, as follows: Cypraa xanthodon Gray, var. carnicolor, n. var. Dorsal surface flesh-colored without bands, indistinctly freckled with pale rusty-red; base white; posterior and median columellar denticles red, anterior columellar denticles white; denticles on lip pure white throughout; thinner and more piriform than the type; the posterior extremity of the outer lip is more produced, while that ‘ of the columellar lip is less so than in the typical form; moreover, there is no dark blotch on the columellar anterior extremity of the dorsal surface. Alt. 24, diam. maj. 14 mm. Hab.: N. E. Queensland. The above has all the appearance of a deep-water shell. Cyprea miliaris Gmel., var. nivea, n, var. Differing from the typical form in having the dorsal surface grayish-white, gradually shading to pure white towards the base, 122 THE NAUTILUS. spotted indistinctly with numerous small white spots; there is scarcely any sign of lateral punctation on the columellar side. Alt. 35, diam. maj. 22 mm. Hab.: N. E. Queensland. NOTES. PEARL-HUNTING IN THE Fox River, Ittinors.—Pearl-hunting commenced in the Fox river this last summer. One or two pearls were found by accident before. Now several tons of the shells have been taken out, perhaps as much as ten tons. Many of the nearby residents have done some hunting for sport, but two parties made a business of pearl-fishing, and perhaps worked 90 days. They re- ceived $1,800 for the pearls taken out. Two pearls were valued at $600 each. Jewelers from New York city wrote toa firm in Aurora, Ill., telling them to buy all the Fox river pearls they could get, as they were of the finest quality. Thus the craze spread late in the fall until, I am told, one could count fifty persons in sight hunting clams. They worked until the law to protect clams during breeding season went into effect.—L. A. Krenz, Waterman, III. PLANORBIS BICARINATUS.—In order to complete the records of distribution of Planorbis bicarinatus, records, preferably accompanied by specimens, are desired from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and California. The data obtained will be published in Toe Nautitus.—Bryant WaLxker, 205 Moffatt Building, Detroit, Mich. Dr. W. Hoyte, Director of the Manchester Museum, has been appointed Director of the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. PYRAMIDELLIDZ OF NEw ENGLAND AND ADJACENT REGION. By Paul Bartsch (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 34, pp. 67— 113, pl. 11-14, 1909). An interesting and valuable paper giving in detail the work done by various authors, followed by descriptions of all the genera, subgenera and species. Under Pyramidella are placed two subgenera—Hulimella and Syrnola. One new species, THE NAUTILUS. 123 P. (Syrnola ?) winkleyi, is described from Branford, Conn. Turbo- nilla is divided into five subgenera—Ptycheulimella, Chemnitzia, Turbonilla, Strioturbonilla and Fyrgiscus. A new subspecies, 7. (Strioturbonilla) bushiana abyssicola, is described from 1290-15387 fathoms off Martha’s Vineyard. 7. verrilli, vinee, branfordensis, buteonis, winkleyi, senilis, sumnert, cascoensis, whiteavesi and edward- ensis of the subgenus Pyrgiscus are described as new; the last two are from Prince Edward Island. 7. mtghelsi is proposed for J. costu- lata Verr. 1873 (non Risso 1826). Under Odostomia six subgenera are recognized—Cbrysallida, Evalina, Iolaea, Menestho, Odostomia and Liostomia. The following are new: O. (Chrysallida) bushiana and willisi, O. (Evalina) winkleyi, O. (lolaea) hendersoni, O. (Men- estho) trifida bedequcnsis and bisuturalis ovilensis. O. morseana is proposed in place of O. su/cata Verr. 1880 (non A. Adams 1860). The Pyramis striatula Couthouy forms the type of a new genus, Couthouyella. There are excellent figures of nearly all the species_ C.. Wad. Natura History, ORGANIZATION AND LATE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEREDINIDZ OR SHiIP-wormMs. By Charles P. Sigerfoos, (Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, xxvii, pp. 193-231, pl. vii- xxi.) Xylotrya gouldi, Teredo dilatata and 7. navalis from Beaufort, N. C., have been investigated. TJ. navalis carries the eggs in the gills, but in the other species they are laid free into and fertilized in the water. In one case 7. dilatata was estimated to produce one hundred million eggs. The egg develops into a typical small bivalve having a swimming organ (velum), ‘Throughout the summer these may be found crawling over wooden structures in search of favorable crevices for attachment. Once attached by a single long byssus thread, the larva loses the velum, scrapes away the surface of the wood with the ventral edges of the shell-valves, and the foot develops into a pestle-shaped organ which assists the shell in burrowing. On the external surface of the valves at the anterior edges is formed the first row of small teeth, which at this and later stages are the mechanical agents by which the animal bores into the wood. This transformation has taken place within two days from the time the larva has settled, and afterwards the animal rapidly becomes an elongate ship-worm. Evidence is given showing that the ship-worm may reach a length of 4 feet and diameter of 1 inch in about one year. The sexes are separate in adult ship-worms, but young indi- viduals of X. gould? are frequently hermaphroditic, in which case the male cells develop first. The anatomy is very fully described and illustrated. This timely paper, a valuable addition to our knowl- edge of Pelecypod morphology, can be obtained of the Bureau of Fisheries. Vs hy a 38 124 THE NAUTILUS. DAVID W. FERGUSON. The Brooklyn Conchological Club mourns the loss of its esteemed member, Mr. David W. Ferguson, whose death occurred on Feb- ruary 7th, in his 75th year. Mr. Ferguson began collecting shells in his eighth year, continued up to the time of his death, and became one of the most discrimi- nating collectors in New York city. His knowledge of shells and ability to recall names was remarkable. In his early life he enjoyed the friendship of Bland and the elder Sowerby, and also of Dr. Jay, Stuart, Steward, Constable and all the collectors in New York of the last half of the 19th century. One of his most intimate friends in later years was the late Sloman Rous, who described several unusual species in his collection in THe NAuTILUS some time ago. Mr. G. B. Sowerby named a large white cone, Conus fergusonii, which Mr. Ferguson had sent him for identification. It is a fine and dis- tinct species. Mr. Ferguson was also a collector of Indian relics, and at the time of his death possessed a very large collection, all local to Long Island and nearby New Jersey. The region where these were ob- tained is now entirely built over, rendering the collection quite valu- able at the present time. DR. LORENZO G. YATES. We regret to announce the death of Lorenzo Gordin Yates, of Santa Barbara, California. Born in England, January 8, 1837, be came to the United States in 1853. He taught in the public schools of Wisconsin, and studied medicine and dentistry. Later, Dr. Yates was on the staff of the Whitney Geological Survey of California. He was especially interested in conchology, mineralogy and botany, and published numerous papers on various zoological and botanical subjects. His principal papers relating to conchology are: ‘The Mollusca of Santa Barbara County, California,” and ‘* New Shells from the Santa Barbara Channel” (Bull. No. 2, Santa Barbara Soc. Nat. Hist., 1890). A new variety of Helix carpenteri from southern California (NauriLus, vol. iv, pp. 51, 54, 1890), and other notes. He was a fellow of the Linnean Society of London, member of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, of the Geological Society of America, ete. HE NALS: VoL. XXII. APRIL, 1909. No. 12. SOME NOTES ON CYPREA OF THE PACIFIC COAST. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. In 1906-07 Senor Don Joaquin Gonzales Hidalgo published in the Memorias of the Real Academia de Ciencias, Madrid, a useful review of a monographic character, without figures, on the genus Cyprea, in which the author includes Trivia. In looking over the species of the west coast of America, and referring to the above-mentioned paper, some questions were raised in my mind, leading to the following notes being recorded. CypR#A EXANTHEMA L. and var. cervinetta Kiener. Both the typical form and the variety are found on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama, and no constant differences seem to exist between Atlantic and Pacific specimens, when a sufficiently large series is compared. CyprR#A ROBERTSI Hidalgo, 1906. This name is proposed for the well-known C. punctulata Gray, 1824; not of Gmelin 1791. CypR#A ANNETT# Dall, n. nom. The name ©. sowerbyi ap- plied by Kiener in 1845, to a well-known West American species, is pre-occupied by Anton (1839) and Gray (1832). Kiener figured a worn specimen under the name of ©. ferruginosa, a name which had also been used by Gmelin, 1791, for another species. Sowerby in the Conchological Illustrations (1837) referred the ©. sowerbyi Kiener, to the O. zonata Lamarck, 1810; but the latter, though allied, is distinct and comes from the African coast. I may note that the C. zonata of Lamarck and Sowerby (after Chemnitz) had 126 THE NAUTILUS. already been named C. zonaria by Gmelin (1791). Our shell being nameless, I propose to call it C. annettae. CYPR#A CAPUT-DRACONIS Melvill, lives on the reefs at Easter Island and the locality ‘‘ Hong Kong” is probably erroneous. CYPR#A MEXIOANA Stearns, is omitted by Hidalgo. TRIVIA CALIFORNIANA Gray, (1828) was inaccurately mono- graphed by Reeve under the name of 7. californica ; which, having been inadvertently adopted in Carpenter’s British Association re- ports, has been more or less commonly in use ever since. TRIVIA COsTISPUNCTATA Gaskoin, 1870, reported from Cali- fornia, if correctly located, is probably only a mutation of 7. radians Lamarck. TRIVIA SOLANDRI Gray, and CypR#A SPADICEA Swainson, are reported from Vancouver Island by Hidalgo, but his authority was doubtless inaccurate, as neither species is known north of latitude 84° 30’ N., and even 7. californiana is not yet reported north of Bodega Bay in latitude 38° 15’. It is much to be desired that Californian naturalists will deter- mine from the living animals whether the important differences stated to exist between Trivia and Cyprea are really as stated; since, if confirmed, the two genera can hardly be retained in the same family. Erato is not included in Hidalgo’s lists, though so closely related to Trivia; but I may add that since describing Z. albescens in 1905 (NavTILvs, xviii, p. 124) the details of the station have come to hand and it seems that the type specimen was dredged in 30-41 fathoms, sand, off the western Santa Barbara Islands, California. BIFIDARIA BILAMELLATA STERKI AND CLAPP, N. SP. BY V. STERKI. Shell small, slender, cylindrical or slightly attenuated above, with an obtusish apex, perforate; whorls 5}, subequal, the apical ones comparatively large; colorless to pale or reddish-horn,’ transparent; surface shining, with very fine, crowded, subregular striz, on the apex microscopically rugulose; the last whorl ascending above, some- what flattened at the base close to the aperture, keel-like further 1So far as can be seen from drift specimens. THE NAUTILUS. 127 back, somewhat flattened over the palate, with a slight to strong, not sharp, crest behind the margin, with two spiral impressions, one over the lower palatal and another near the base; aperture broadly ellip- tical to almost circular, peristome continuous or its ends closely approximate and connected by a raised callus, well everted, with a slight to rather strong lip thickening; lamelle and plice, parietal and angular, well differentiated, connected, large, the angular connecting with the peristome; columellar complex, with a lower axial and an upper horizontal part, ‘t basal’? a short, transverse lamella, rather abrupt; lower palatal far remote from the margin, but visible in front view, rather long, lamellar, thin, upper palatal somewhat less deep- seated, close to the lower, somewhat oblique, shorter. Alt. 2-2.4, average 2.2, diam. 0.9 mm.; aperture alt. 0.8 mm. Soft parts not seen. Habitat: Foothills of Plumosa Range, about 8 miles east of Quartzsite, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift, in company with B. hordeacella Pils. and B. tuba intuscostata Clapp, discovered by Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, who states that the ratio of bilamellata and horde- acella, in the drift, was almost exactly 1:16. Large numbers of both species were found. B. bilamellata is very distinct and different from all other Bifi- darta. At first sight it might be taken for hordeacella for its size and shape, but a glance at the aperture is sufficient to recognize it, and also the posterior aspect is different. With respect to the peri- stome it approaches B. ashmuni; the parieto-angular lamella is of the same formation, and the palatal plice are similar but not so deep- seated; the ‘‘ basal’”’ is the same as in B. dalliana. The n. sp. is very interesting by the combination of features of apparently widely different species, and appears to be intermediate between two groups. EXPLANATION OF PuaTE VIII. Figs. 1, 2, 3. Ashmunella kochit Clapp. Type, No. 5765, coll. G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 77. Fig. 4. Bifidaria clappi Sterki. Cotype, Knoxville, Tenn., No. 98279, A. N.S. P. Description on p. 108. Figs. 5, 6. Holospira bartschi P.& C. Two cotypes, coll. A. N. S. P. and G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 114. Fig. 7. Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & Clapp. Front view of a cotype, No. 98268, A. N.S. P. Description on p. 126.. 128 THE NAUTILUS. A SICILIAN COLLECTION. BY MAXWELL SMITH. During February and March, 1908, it was my good fortune to spend nearly fifty days on the island of Sicily, and I improved every opportunity which presented itself for mollusk hunting. Soon after my arrival in Palermo I called upon the Marquis de Monterosato, and obtained from him much valuable information in regard to localities of Sicilian shells. I also viewed his unrivaled collection of Mediterranean shells, which is especially rich in Sicilian species. After a few weeks in Palermo the following towns were visited in the order named—Girgenti, Siracuse, Taormina and Messina. Ex- cursions were made from each, but at no time were shells taken more than twelve miles from the sea. From the above will be no- ticed that the northern, southern and eastern coasts were visited; but the interior and western mountains were untouched. ‘The mountains in the west are exceedingly rich in peculiar species, including the most striking of the latticed Clausilia. Each mountain and plain on the island contains its own species or group of species, Monte Pellegrino, above Palermo, supports a rich snail fauna. The mountain is largely composed of perforated limestone, in the re- cesses of which a large proportion of the land mollusca live. At the base of Pellegrino in the grass live Helix hamilearis Kobelt. Under stones at the base of the cliffs Ferussacia folliculus Gron. Half way up the trail Helix mazzulli Jan. and Helix sicana Fer. first appear and extend nearly to the summit. Within a hundred feet of the summit Clausilia grohmanniana Phil., which was rare below, I found in comparative abundance. Near the signal station on the top Helix macrostoma Mublf., one of the few Sicilian OCampyleas, was discovered in crevices of the rock. ‘Thus these species appa- rently prefer various elevations above the sea. The most remunerative season for terrestrial mollusks in Sicily is during November and December, when the rainy season is usually at its height. At this time every wall is said to teem with shell life. But as 1 found at Girgenti even the dry season is not unpopular with land mollusca. On the first limb of a single almond tree I counted no less than two hundred and fifty specimens of Helix. The opercu- THE NAUTILUS. 129 lates though avoid the direct rays of the sun, living under boulders among the ruins. Siracusan land shells adapt themselves to the dry surroundings by living at the edge of the cliffs overhanging the sea. Upon reaching Taormina aud the base of Etna, I was surprised to find the terrestrial mollusca reduced to a minority. The country here reaches the wildest form, deep crevices and small canyons in- tersect the mountains and the vegetation is luxurious in early spring. The scarcity of land mollusca is accounted for in the prevalence of lava instead of limestone formations, which are so characteristic of the rest of Sicily. In the vicinity of Taormina a few small permanent streams were explored. In these, under stones, in swiftly running water, two species of Ancylus were collected. The fresh-water genera are not well represented on the island; but near Siracuse the Anapo, a small permanent river, supports a few peculiar species. Many of the Sici- lian streams after heavy rains are raging torrents, which, under nor- mal conditions, run underground or in the dry season cease. The absence of mud is also unfavorable for molluscan life. The Anapo rises in a pool of considerable depth, is uniform in width throughout, and after many windings empties into the Bay of Siracuse a few miles below its source. Its banks are lined with papyrus, on the roots of which Amnicola, Bithinia and other small genera live. Of the lakes in the south I visited none, partly because of their inacces- sible location, but parti cularly on account of their unhealthiness The fauna of each is in the main peculiar, if we include extreme variations. Romagnala, a small town near Palermo, was found an excellent station for marine species. Facing the open sea, the shore combines sand and algae-covered rocks. Over sixty species were secured in a tew hours after a storm, the small species in fresh condition and the larger often containing the animal. Two days later the sand had covered the rocks, and it was with difficulty that ten species were secured. At Siracuse the bay yielded a few marine, and the rocky coast many genera not found at Palermo. Oypre@a lurida L. and Fusus syracusana L. are seldom found near shore at Siracuse, but are frequently brought in by the fishermen. The violence of the surf, combined with the absence of drift on the beaches at Taormina, prevented frequent collecting. Argonauta argo L. and Calliostoma conulus L. occurred, which were not noticed in the north. Being in 130 THE NAUTILUS. close proximity with the Straits of Messina, a number of shells com- mon at Messina were found at Taormina and Giardine. At Messina there is an excellent market, in which at 5 a. m. each morning a surprising variety of fish are offered for sale. The early start required is amply repaid. The octopus, Polypus vulgaris L., is considered as an especial delicacy as food, both in Sicily and Italy. In preparing the following list I have determined, for condensa- tion, to omit separate annotations. For convenience I have arranged the Helices in alphabetical order, excepting Lewcochroa. For the identifications I am indebted to Marquis Monterosato, Mr. C. Payton Gwyer, Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, and for difficult fresh-water species to Mr. Bryant Walker. The Malacolog- ical Laboratory, Paris, has also given free use of its valuable library. Argonauta argo L. Taormina. Sepia officinalis L. Taormina, Palermo. Poiretia algira Brug. Taormina, Girgenti. Daudebardia brevipes Drap. Palermo. Hyalinia suburbana Mont. Palermo. Vitrea hydatina Rossm. Palermo. Leucochroa candidissima Drap. Girgenti. Helix acuta L., apicina Lam., conica Dr., conoidea Dr., muralis Miill., pisana Mull., squalida Monts. Siracuse. Helix agrigantina Ad. Girgenti. Helix andromica Monts. Taormina. Helix gregaria Ziegl., moesta Parr. Palermo. Helix aperta Born, hamilcaris Kob., macrostoma, mazzuli Jan., sicana Feér., variabilis Drap., vermiculata Mull. Monte Pellegrino. Helix florida Ziegl., ingoi Cafici. Ena pupa Brug. Girgenti, Palermo. Pupa avenacea Brug., P. philippii, Cantr. ‘Taormina. Clausilia agrigantina Brug. Girgenti. Clausilia affinis Ph., C. affinis Ph. var. taurominica Monts. Taormina. Clausilia familiaris Monts., C. grohmanniana Phil. Monte Pel- ligrino. Clausilia septemplicata Phil. Monreale. Clausilia syracusana Phil. Siracuse. Rumina decollata Linn. Well distributed. Ferussacia folliculus Gron. Monte Pelligrino. THE NAUTILUS. Syl Ferussacia vescoi Bgt. Girgenti. Succinea megalonyxia Bourg. Siracuse. Succinea pfeifferi Ross. Palermo. Alexia myosotis Drap. Siracuse. Ancylus costulatus Kust. Sigone River near Taormina. Ancylus striatus Q. & G. Above Letojanni near Taormina. Lymneza benoiti Bourg., L. palustris Mull. var. anapensis Monts. Anapo, Siracuse. Lymnea truncatula Mull. Palermo. Planorbis cristatus L. Mondello near Palermo. Planorbis subangulatus Phil. Siracuse. Physa cyanea Pirajno. Anapo, Siracuse. Gadinia garnoti Payr. Romagnola. Actaeon tornatilis L. Bay of Siracuse. Bulla striata Brug. Romagnola. Haminea navicula globosa Jeff. Siracuse. Philine aperta L. Siracuse. Conus mediterranea Hw. Siracuse, Romagnola. Mangilia attenuata Monts. Romagnola. Marginella miliaria L. Romagnola. Marginella philippii Monts. Siracuse. Mitra ebenus Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse. Fusus pulchellus Phil. Romagnola, Siracuse. Fusus syracusanus L. Siracuse. Latirus lignarius L. Siracuse. Tritonidea orbignyi Payr. Romagnola. Euthria cornea L. Romagnola. Nassa cornicula Oliv. Romagnola. Nassa costulata Ren. var. flavida Monts. Romagnola. Nassa cuvieri Payr. Romagnola. Nassa reticulata Lamk. var. nitida Jeff. Siracuse. Cyclonassa neritea L. Siracuse. Columbella rustica L., C. scripta L. Romagnola. Murex brandaris L. Palermo, Siracuse. Murex edwardsi Payr., trunculus L. Romagnola, Siracuse. Murex trunculus L. var. portulana Monts. Palermo. Typhis tetrapterus Bronn. Romagnola. Lachesis mamillata Risso. Romagnola. Purpura haemastoma L. Romagnola. 132 THE NAUTILUS. Lotorium cutaceum L. Palermo. Lotorium reticulatum Beek. Romagnola. Cassis sulcosa Brug. Siracuse. Morio echinophora L. Siracuse. Cypreza lurida L. Siracuse. Cyprea pyrum L. Palermo. Cyprea spurea L. Near Taormina. Trivia europea Monts., T. pulex Sol. Romagnola. Chenopus pespelicani L. Messina, Siracuse. Triforis perversus L. Romagnola. Cerithium mediterraneum Desh. Romagnola. Cerithium mediteranneum Desh. var.,C. vulgatum Brug. Siracuse. Bittium lacteum Phil. Romagnola. Vermetus subcancellatus Bivon, V. subdentatus. Romagnola. Turritella communis Risso. Siracuse. Littorina obtusata L. var. neritoides L. Siracuse. Rissoa cimex L. var. turrita Monts., R. monodonta Biv., R. subcos- tulata Schw. Romagnola. Rissoa venusta Phil. Siracuse. Rissoina bruguieri Payr. Romagnola. Amnicola subcarinata Monts. Anapo, Siracuse. Bithinia anapensis Benoit. Anapo, Siracuse. Cyclostoma elegans Mill. var. villicum Monts. Monreale, Pal- ermo, Siracuse, Taormina. Cyclostoma siculum Sowb. = costulatum Ziegl. Girgenti. Pomatias paladilhianus 8. Simon. Monte Pelligrino. Natica millepunctata Lamk. Romagnola, Tamorina. Natica josephine Risso. Romagnola. Scala communis Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse. Odostomia polita Bivon. Romagnola. Kulima boscii Payr. Romagnola, Siracuse. Neritina fluviatilis L. Anapo, Siracuse. Neritina meridionalis Phil. Siracuse. Neritina viridis L. Romagnola. Phasianella pulla L. Romagnola. Phasianella punctata Mich. Siracuse. Leptothyra sanguinea L. Siracuse. Astralium rugosum L. Taormina. Trochus turbinatus Born. Romagnola. THE NAUTILUS. 133 Clanculus cruciatus L. var. rosea Monts. Siracuse. Monodonta articulata Lamk. Siracuse. Gibbula adansoni Payr. Siracuse. Gibbula divaricata L. Romagnola. Calliostoma conulus L. Messina, Taormina. Calliostoma depictum Desh., C. laugieri Payr. Romagnola. Haliotis lamellosa Lamk. Siracuse, Taormina. Fissurella gibberula Lamk., F. greca Lamk., F. litoralis Monts., F. neglecta Resh., F. nubecula L. Romagnola. Emarginula solidula Costa. Taormina. Patella cerulea L. Messina, Romagnola. Patella lusitanica Gm. Siracuse. Ischnochiton polii Phil. Romagnola. Dentalium novemcostatum Lamk. Romagnola. Ostrea edulis L. Palermo, Taormina. Anomia ephippium L. Taormina. Spondylus gederopus Lamk. Palermo. Chlamys multistriatus Poli, C. pes-felis L. Taormina. Chlamys sulcatus Born. Siracuse. Chlamys varius L. Palermo. Lima inflata Chem. Palermo. Mytilus edulis L. Taormina. Modiola barbata Lamk. Romagnola. Arca barbata L., A. lactea L., A. noae L. Romagnola. Unio requieni Lamk. Anapo, Siracuse. Cardita calyculata Lamk. Taormina. Cardium aculeatum L., C. paucicostatum Sowb. Siracuse. Cardium tuberculatum L. var. Romagnola. Chama gryphoides L. Romagnola. Tapes beudanti Payr., T. geographica Gm. Romagnola. Venus gallina L. Siracuse. Venerupis iris L. Romagnola. Donax trunculus L. Romagnola. Solen vaginoides Lamk. Siracuse. Mactra corallina L. Mondello. Lucina lactea L. Messina. Lucina desmoresti Par. Romagnola. Tellina tenuis Da Costa. Siracuse. Gastrana fragilis L. Romagnola. Solemya mediterranea Lamk. Romagnola. 134 THE NAUTILUS. DREDGING OFF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. BY C. W. GRIPP. During the summer of 1908 the writer made a dredging trip out- side of the entrance to San Diego harbor, dredging in from 15 to 60 fathoms of water. The following list includes all the species obtained and also a few deep-water species secured from fishermen. This locality is very rich in molluscan life, especially in smaller forms. Including the Opisthobranchs my list of San Diego shells contains over 600 species and varieties. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Wil- liam H. Dall, Mr. Paul Bartsch and Prof. F. W. Kelsey for assist- ance in determining doubtful species. Murex californicus Hds. Erato vittellina Hds. ‘© carpenteri Dall. Marginella jewettii Cpr. «© festivus Hinds. cs pyriformis Cpr. “« incisus Brod. 4: regularis Cpr. *« — santarosana Dall.’ as varia Sby. Ocinebra foveolata Hds. Olivella biplicata Sby. Ocinebra interfossa Cpr. Olivella pedroana Conr. Ocinebra interfossa muricata Columbella carinata Hds. Cpr. es chrysalloidea Cpr. Ocinebra interfossa atropurpurea ss gouldii Cpr. Cpr. sf guasapata Gld. Cuma muricata Hds. a3 hindsi Rve. Trophon belcheri Hds. « tuberosa Cpr. Trophon triangulatus Cpr. Engina carbonaria Rve. Fusus kobelti Dall. Amphissa corrugata Rve. Gyrineum californicum Hds. Amphissa versicolor Rve. Chrysodomus aphelus Dall. Myurella simplex Cpr. Chrysodomus kellettii Fbs. Cancellaria cooperi Gabb. Nassa cooperi Fbs. Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall. “ fossata Gld. Pleurotoma carpenteriana Gabb. “« insculpta Cpr. Pleurotoma perversa Gabb. ‘© mendica Gld. Pleurotoma montereyensis “« perpinguis Hds. Stearns. Mitra lowei Dall. Pleurotoma santarosana Dall. Mitra maura Swains. Pleurotoma stearnsiana Ray- Erato columbella Mke. mond. 1Six or seven specimens at 17 fathoms. THE NAUTILUS. Pleurotoma tryoniana G abb.? Turris (Surcula) halcyonis Dall. Drillia empyrosia Dall. ** hemphilli Stearns. ‘* penicillata Cpr. Bela grippi Dall n. sp.° Mitromorpha aspera Cpr. Cythara cranneri Arnold. Mangelia angulata Cpr. ‘© fuscoligata Cpr. “ hamata Cpr. ‘© merita, Gld. ‘* sculpturata Dall. “ striosa C. B. Ad. “« _-variegata Cpr, Conus californicus Hds. Trivia solandri Gray. Trivia californica Gray. Ovula spelta Lam.‘ Polinices lewisii Gld. Polinices recluziana Desh. Lamellaria stearnsiana Dall. Macromphalina californica Dall. Crepidula aculeata Gmel. As adunca Sby. a dorsata Brod. Crepidula navicelloides Nutt. In aperture of Polynices. Crepidula onyx Sby. On Pom- aulax undosus. Capulus californicus Dall. Pecten diegensis, Amalthea tumens Cpr. On ? One young shell in dredge. 8 Ten specimens at 17 fathoms. 135 Scala bellastriata Cor. “ cataline Dall. ‘¢ near hemphilli Dall, *« hindsi Cpr. ‘© lowei Dall. ‘‘ retiporosa Cpr. “« sarvinae Dall. Turritella cooperi Cpr. Mesalia californica Dall. Mesalia tennisculpta Cpr. Vermicularia fewkesi Yates. Czcum californicum Dall. ‘¢ crebricinctum Cpr. ‘* magnum Stearns. ‘* — orcutti Dall. “ regulare Cpr. Eulima bistorta Van. ‘¢ micans Cpr. “ rutila Cpr. ‘© solitaria C. B. Ad. «¢ thersites Cpr. Liostraca varians Sby.® Turbonilla castanea Cpr. ke eschscholtzi D. & B. aa kelseyi D. & B. ES laminata Cpr. oldroydi D. & B. s painei D. & B. és tenuicula Gld. 6 torquata Gld. ne tridentata Cpr. Odostomia americana D. & B. 6“ amianta D. & B. Specimens 90 mm. in length from fishermen. ‘Three large specimens at 18 fathoms, new to the Pacific Coast. ° A beautiful little brown shell polished like a Eulima, which it resembles. Eight specimens dredged at 18 fathoms, new to the California coast. 1386 THE NAUTILUS. Odostomia astricta D. & B. ms avellana Cpr. a delmontensis Bartsch. o gouldi Cpr. a helga D. & B. “ nuciformis Cpr. es straminea Cpr. Odostomia straminea grippi D. & B. on Haliotis assimilis Dall. Odostomia straminea insculpta Cpr. Odostomia valdezi D. & B. Odostomia virginalis D. &. B. Pyramidella conica Cpr. Lacuna unifasciata Cpr. Fossarus fenestratus Cpr. Fossarus obtusus Cpr. Alabina californica Dall. Bittium asperum Cpr. “© armillatum Cpr. “© esuriens Cpr. “« _ interfossa Cpr. «¢ quadrifilatum Cpr. Seila assimilis C. B. Ad. Cerithiopsis metaxe Chiaje. Cerithiopsis tuberculata Mont. Triforis adversa Mont. Rissoina bakeri D. & B. Rissoina kelseyi Dall. Barleeia subtennis Cpr. Rissoa grippiana Dall. Rissoa reticulata Cpr. Liotia acuticostata Cpr. Liotia fenestrata Cpr. Phasianella compta Gld. Phasianella pulloides Cpr. Kulithidium cyclostoma Cpr. Kulithidium substriatum Cpr. Pachypoma inzquale Mart. Pomaulax undosus Wood. Chlorostoma aureotinctum Fbs. Chlorostoma pulligo Mart. Gibbula parcipicta Cpr. Gibbula optabilis Cpr. Leptothyra carpenteri Pils. Leptothyra bacula Cpr. Turcica caffea Gabb. Halistyluspupoides Dall. Halistylus subpupoides Tryon. Vitrinella complanata Cpr. Vitrinella subplana Cpr. Norrisia norrisii Sby. Calliostoma gemmulatum Cpr. Calliostoma gloriosum Dall. Calliostoma canaliculatum par- vum Williamson. Calliostoma supragranosum Cpr. Calliostoma tricolor Gabb. Calliostoma turbinum Dall. Haliotis assimilis Dall.$ Haliotis rufescens Swains. Fissuridea aspera Esch. Puncturella cooperi Cpr. Puncturella cucullata Gld. Emarginula bella Gabb. Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) per- crassus Dall. Cheetopleura gemmea Cpr. Callistochiton crassicostatus Pils, Ischnochiton clathratus Rve. Ischnochiton cooperi acutior Cpr. ° Four live specimens found on rocks hauled up in the dredge. Of H. rufes- cens I got one specimen attached to lobster trap. THE NAUTILUS. Acteon punctocelatus Cpr. Tornatina cerealis Gld. a culcitella Gld. ae harpa Dall. és inculta Gld. -- planata Cpr. Volvula cylindrica Cpr. Cylichna attonsa Cpr. Bulla quoyi Auct. Cadulus quadrifissatus Cpr. Cadulus nitentior Cpr. Dentalium neohexagonum Pils. Dentalium vallicolens Raymond. Siliqua lucida Conr. Corbula luteola Cpr. Corbula luteola rosea Williamson Periploma discus Stearns Lyonsia californica Conr. “inflata Conr. nitida Qld. Mactra dolabriformis Conr. Spisula hemphillii Dall. Semele pulchra Sby. Semele rubropicta Dall. Cooperella subdiaphana Cpr. Rochefortia tumida Cpr. Tellina bodegensis Hds. <¢ buttoni Dall. ‘¢ earpenteri Dall. idee, Dall: ‘© modesta Cpr. santarosana Dall. "Several young specimens dredged. large and beautiful specimens. unguicula. 137 Venerupis lamellifera Conr. Psephidea ovalis Dall. Psephidea salmonea Cpr. Paphia tenuissima Cpr. Cardium substriatum Conr. Cardium quadrigenarium Conr. Protocardia centifilosa Cpr. Phacoides annulata Rve. Phacoides approximatus Dall. Serridens oblonga Cpr. Crassinella varians C. B. Ad. Cardita subquadrata Cpr. Milneria minima Dall. Venericardia ventricosa Gld. Nucula castrensis Hds. Leda cuneata Hanl. ‘* hamata Cpr ‘* taphria Dall. Arca solida Sby. Glycymeris intermedia Brod. Modiolus rectus Conr. Philobrya setosa Cpr. Lima dehiscens Conr. Pecten diegensis Dall.* Pecten giganteus Gray. Monia macroschisma Desh. Terebratulina caput-serpentis L. Terebratulina caput - serpentis Cpr. 20 faths. Terebratalia transversa Sby. Platidea anomioides Scacchi. Glottidea albida Hinds. Have secured from fishermen several 138 THE NAUTILUS. NEW MOLLUSES COLLECTED BY MR. A. A. HINKLEY IN 8AN LUIS POTOSI, MEXICO. BY H. A. PILSBRY. CoELOCENTRUM HINKLEYI, N. sp. The shell is shortly rimate, imperforate, the lower third or halt cylindric, the rest slowly tapering to the truncate summit; rather solid; brown. Sculpture of backwardly arched narrow ribs, much narrower than their intervals except on the last whorl, where they are more slender and closely crowded. There are about 65 ribs on the penultimate whorl. On some of the later whorls the ribs are some- times weak and rather irregular. ‘The apical breach is closed by a steep, slightly convex plug densely covered with strongly projecting granules. Whorls remaining slightly convex, at least the upper ones have a delicate keel close under the suture ; last whorl rounded basally, having a very weak, inconspicuous, spiral basal cord. Last half whorl straightened, produced forward beyond the preceding whorl. The aperture is oblique, rounded ovate; peristome obtuse, narrowly recurved. The internal column is moderately large, its diameter contained 3.7 to 4 times in that of the shell. Within each whorl it is rather strongly obliquely swollen, and typically bears a few oblong granules in place of the obliquely vertical lamin of typical species of Ceelocentrum. Length 35, diam. 8.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12. Length 37, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 13. Length 35, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 11. Length 39, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 14. San Luis Potosi: highest Mt. on south side of river at Mecos Falls, and bluff 3 miles north of San Dieguito. This is a variable species, represented by many specimens from two localities. In some examples the rather large internal column bears distinct elongated granules; others have low nodes, while still others have whitish lines which project only slightly from the surface of the column. Five specimens of a series from San Dieguito measure : Length 46, diam. 8.5 mm.; whorls remaining 184. Length 41, diam. 9 mm.; whorls remaining 123. Length 38.5, diam. 7.7 mm.; whorls remaining 154. THE NAUTILUS. 139 Length 36.5, diam. 8.7 mm.; whorls remaining 124. Length 32, diam. 8.2 mm.; whorls remaining 104. At the Mecos Falls locality there is a small, slender form occur- ring with the types, having only very slight, hardly noticeable nodes on the spiral swelling of the axis. The aperture is carried forward further than in the typical examples. Two of these measure: Length 35, diam. 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 124. Length 32.2, diam 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12. C ZLOCENTRUM ISCHNOSTELE, N. Sp. The shell is shortly rimate, imperforate, the lower half cylindric, upper half slowly tapering to the truncate summit; thin; pale brown. The surface has a silky luster, and is densely sculptured with thread-like ribs, which arch backward, and are about as wide as their intervals except on the last whorl, where they are finer and more closely crowded. On the penultimate whorl there are about 90 (88 to 92) ribs. The breach at the summit is closed by a very convex, granulose plug. Remaining whorls 114 to 1434, slightly convex, having a minute carina below the suture and very close to it. The last whorl is convex and has a scarcely noticeable basal cord; its last half is straightened, and projects shortly (about 14 mm.) forward. The aperture is oblique, rounded-ovate, the upper margin straightened. Peristome obtuse, narrowly recurved through- out. The interna] axis is very slender throughout, weakly sinuous within each whorl, smooth, its diameter contained 81 times in that of the shell. Itopens by a minute perforation at the summit. Length 32, diam. 6.8 mm.; 134 whorls remaining. Length 32.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; 144 whorls remaining. Length 30, diam. 6.56 mm.; 114 whorls remaining. Length 27.8, diam. 6.4 mm.; 12 whorls remaining. Length 27.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; 114 whorls remaining. This form occurred in the same locality with Streptostyla bartscht, near Mecos Falls. It stands close to the preceding species, but differs by its much more numerous ribs, the much more slender internal axis, and the last whorl does not run forward so far. It is remarkable for the small size of the internal column. In a young shell 11 mm. long with 144 whorls the first 14 whorls forming the hemispherical summit are perfectly smooth and measure 14 mm. in diameter. Then very fine very short riblets appear 140 THE NAUTILUS. below the suture, and to the 6th whorl the caliber of the shell de- creases slightly. Beyond this the caliber increases slowly, and the riblets gradually become longer, though a smooth band persists along the middle of each whorl as far as about the 16th whorl, after which the ribs are continuous. The above forms, with others, will be figured in a future report on the shells collected by Mr. Hinkley. A NEW SPECIES OF LYMNEA. BY FRANK C. BAKER, LYMN#ZA HENDERSONI DN. sp. Shell globose, very thin and fragile; periostracum light yellowish or brownish-horn; surface dull; sculpture of fine growth-lines, without spiral lines; whorls 34, very rapidly increasing in diameter, the body whorl seven-eighths the length of the entire shell, very globose; spire very short, depressed, dome-like, the first two whorls flat and coiled in the same plane so that a profile view shows only two full whorls. Nuclear whorls flat, partly concealed by the volutions of the spire; sutures impressed; aperture round or roundly elliptical; outer lip thin; inner lip broad, triangular, reflected over the columellar region, but leaving a deep, well-marked chink; the inner edge of the inner lip is usually bent downward near the body whorl, partly concealing the umbilical chink; parietal callus thin; axis smooth, hourglass-shaped. Length 7.00, breadth 5.50; aperture length 4.75, breadth 3.00 mm. Length 6.25, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm. Length 6.75, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.80, breadth 3.00 mm. Length 5.50, breadth 4.10; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm. Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, six specimens, No. 24534; Co-types: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. West of Fort Collins, Laramie county, Colo. Ecology: Inhabits lagoons and intermittent bodies of waters. Judge Henderson writes of the habitat as follows: ‘‘I am informed that there had been no water in the lagoon for many months, prob- ably since last summer or autumn. The ground was cracked to a depth of several inches and the mollusks were found down in the cracks in the mud. Therefore, it seems to be another species cap- able of zstivating.” THE NAUTILUS. 141 Remarks: This species was at first thought to be Lymnea sono- maensis Hemphill, but a comparison with that species shows that the present species differs not only from sonomaensis,,but from all related species in the form of the spire and aperture. The first two whorls of the spire are coiled in the same plane, producing an abruptly trun- cated appearance. The inner lip is triangular and not evenly rounded as in techella and its varieties, but similar to that of buli- motdes, from which it differs in its truncated spire. The only form likely to be confounded with hendersoni is sonomaensis, which differs in the form of the spire and inner lip. I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to Judge Junius Henderson, of the University of Colorado. SPHERIUM PILSBRYANUM, N. SP. BY V. STERKI. Mussel large, high, inequipartite, oblique, well inflated; beaks rather large, rounded, prominent, inclined towards the anterior; upper margin strongly and regularly curved in the adult, less so or nearly straight in young specimens, ventral margin rather well and regularly curved; anterior part of the mussel much smaller than the posterior, its outlines rounded or slightly truncate, posterior rounded or truncate obliquely, the end rather drawn downward, rounded or subangular; surface with rather coarse to medium, sharp, concentric striz, regular over the beaks, less so over the balance of the valves, and with about six to eight impressed lines of growth, deepest pos- teriorly, with the interstices somewhat bulging; color chalky-whitish to light or deep gray, in some specimens with alternate zones of light and dark; shell thick; muscle insertions slightly marked, large, not impressed; hinge strong, plate moderately broad, rather long; car- dinal teeth small, rather typically to irregularly formed, the poste- rior of the left valve often wanting or rudimentary; laterals rather large, those of the right valve projecting inward, those of the left only slightly so; anterior short, the left raised cusp-like, the posterior all rather long, not raised to cusps. Long. 18, alt. 16, diam. 11-12 mm.; average; the largest, 21 mm. long. 142 THE NAUTILUS. Fossil, in pleistocene or possibly later deposits on the shore of Bear Lake, Utah, collected by the Hayden Survey, in company with Planorbis trivolvis Say (var.), Carinifex newberryi Lea, Lymnaa utahensis Call, and Fluminicola fusca Hald. There are about 200 valves in the lot, including one right and one left of rather small juv. The specimens are in the collection of the A. N.S. P., No. 62825. This Spharium cannot be ranged under any of the described recent species. Of about the same length with S. su/catum Lam., the mus- sel is of very different shape and appearance: much higher, much more inequipartite, the beaks are much narrower and more promi- nent; the shell and hinge are stronger. It resembles more some forms of S. aureum Pr. (resp. forms ranged under that species), but is larger, more inequipartite and oblique. It is worthy of notice that in numerous specimens the hinges are partially or wholly reversed, just as in most of our recent species of this group, and the posterior cardinal tooth of the left valve is wanting or rudimentary, in some specimens well enough preserved to show such details. So far as can be seen from a few fresher, not chalky, specimens, the color was whitish or reddish to grayish, and the surface shining. The species is named in honor of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of examining this fine lot of fossils. NOTES. Note on Pholadomya pacifica Dall. This species was first diag- nosed in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Quarterly Issue, July, 1907, no. 1727, p. 172. The fuller description and account which appeared in the March number of the Nautitus (1909) had been prepared and sent to the editor in May, 1907, as the publica- tion of my paper in the Quarterly was then indefinitely delayed. As I saw no proofs of the NAuTILUs issue, this fact is not stated in it, but I now make the correction. Since both notices were pre- pared, another complete specimen in excellent condition was dis- covered in the Albatross collection, but unfortunately, though fresh, it did not contain the soft parts. The presence of a resilium was confirmed. The localities of the two dredgings have been received. THE NAUTILUS. 143 They are station 4904, near Nagasaki, in 107 fathoms, sand and shell, bottom temperature about 53° F., and station 4807, off Hakodate, in 44 fathoms, gravel, temperature about 45° F., judging from that at nearby stations. The fresh specimen is of a creamy white, faintly pearly internally. I may add that the two species of alleged Pholadomya, referred to in the text of the NauTitus article, are now considered to belong to the genus Panocca (Dall, 1905) with several others dredged in the deep waters of the Atlantic.— Wm. H. Dat. Mr. L. V. Darton, in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (London), Ixiv, Nov. 1908, p. 631, records Busycon canalicu- latum (L.) from the Miocene of Burma. His figure will scarcely convince skeptical American conchologists. From what we know of the geological history of the shell in question and its allies, and taking into consideration the fact that the veliger stage in Busycon (Fulgur) is passed through inside the egg-capsule, and hence it has no free swimming period, a record of its distribution half round the earth needs better evidence than Mr. Dalton is satisfied with. SHELLS or ARoosTooK County, Marne.—Dr. V. Sterki has this winter examined a part of my collection of small land shells, and the result of his labor has been the identification of the following additions to those already reported from Aroostook county, Maine: Strobilops affinis Pils. Vertigo ovata Say. Vertigo nylanderi Sterki. Euconulus chersinus Say. All the above were collected in the town of Woodland.— Otor O. NYLANDER. The oyster is cool and clear and calm, Admired by the many and not the few; Yet, sorry to say, possesses a way Of getting himself in a stew. 144 THE NAUTILUS. Errata.—Numbers 8, 9 and 10 of Vol. xxi were marked by error “‘ Vol. xxii’? on the date lines, pages, 85, 97, 109, but not on the cover of those numbers. This note is published to obvi- ate errors in binding Vol. xxi. The following corrections should be made in Vol. xxii: P. 47, end of line 4, delete 7. P. 78, Tth line from foot, for plate vi, read vii, viii. P. 82, top line, for NAUTILUS xxii, read xxi. P. 101, under Quadrula coccinea, in place of “Found gravid on June 18,” elc., it should read: Found gravid by the writer on June 18, 08, in Neshannock Creek, Lawrence Co., and received gravid from the Allegheny River, McKean Co. (collected by Mr. Dennis Dally on June 22, ’08). THE marriage is announced of Miss Elizabeth J. Letson, Di- rector of the Buffalo Academy of Natural Science, to Mr. Wil- liam Alanson Bryan, of the Pacific Institution of Science, on March 16th. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan will be at home in Honolulu after May 4th. Dr. V. SterKi is spending the month in studying Spherium and Pisidium in the museums of Boston, Cambridge, Philadel- phia and Washington. Mr. A. A. HINKLEy, who returned from a collecting trip in Mexico last month, reports good collecting, especially in fresh- water mollusks. AN interesting biographical memoir of William More Gabb, the palaeontologist and conchologist, read by Dr. W. H. Dall at the November meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, has just been published. A bibliography of Gabb’s scientific works is ap- pended. TRE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. XXIII. MAY, 1909, to APRIL, 1910. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS: H. A. Pi.spry, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy ot Natural Scicnecs, PHILADELPHIA, C, W. JoHNSoN, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History, BOSTON, INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXIII. INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Aeoliaiellaypupillosa. (9,314 oie 3 Late YP ea tS ore ae 36 Middpra. tne land. mollusea of! 22). die ce cere 5 oni vets 69 malvania akert bartsch, my spoils’) lass exepsbas salle ae olane 137 Amnicola crosseana Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 9, fig. 6) ........ 98- Amnicolidae of the Panuco River system, Mexico....... 97 Anodonta dakota Frierson, n. sp. (Pl. 10).............. 113 Astarte newtonensis Aldr., n. sp. (Pl. 11, fig. 2, 3)...... 121 PIM TMB Utah sols Hives ahs’ arc ig AND 'S) Sigs) Beas eae Se 122. Bel planeyi bush. nspafig: 1) ysl eka) ee Paes are 61 cramer a VErruly Va.) 6 soa oo as sh aor ea orale here ora 62 Bergh, Ludwig Rudolph Sophus (Obituary) ........... 72 Bermuda.a new land: shell from’. p05 2 2.2 ofe esis a rane 63: Bermudas a ews issoa from) 2 2../2 oe Bhs ee ees ener 65 Bifidaria armifera Say, and its varieties ..../.0..2 <2 52 Bifidaria armifera var. abbreviata Sterki, n. v........... 53 Bifidaria armifera var. affinis Sterki, n.v. ...........:. 53 Bifidaria armifera var. interpres Sterki, n. v. .......... 53 Bifidaria armifera var. similis Sterki, n. v. ............ 53 EpimaTe ya WV LMT Geiss. 5 Sioa toed eer die iw slciaiace ahaaterarae 60 Peete PE NOUN ERG 25's, 540i atyetiahataebad ora lavere/ bin eh diarshtreveueeane 120: Bronx Borough, New York, fresh water fossils of ...... 10 California, Mollusca of San Bernardino County ....... 73 Carinifex sancteclare Hannibal, n. sp. (fossil)........ 40 (iii) iv THE NAUTILUS. Cepolis alauda eymatia Henderson, n. subsp. (PI. 4, fig. 4) 51 Chondropoma hendersoni Torre, n. sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 6).... 49 Cochliopa compacta Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 9, figs. 4, 5)....... 99 @ochliopa -picta Pils:, n. sp.) (PIS) ies! 102). .8 ee ee 100 @ochliopa riograndensis Pils vie Pert 2. a. ok ds eens 99 Conchological museum: for’ Japan %... 2... seus ee ene 124 Coryphella rufibranchiatus chocolata Balch, n. var...... 33 Coryphella rufibranchiatus mananensis............... 35, 37 Cratenacvenonice: V errill y 4.0).:,. sh eeu apne wiles Coun Rio eee 36 ‘Cuban land-shells, description of new ............... 49, 50 ‘Wypraca tigris, detormed (P1s))7./8) 0. svete cee 85 Dohrn, Prof. Anton eee k eee. Mee ee eee eee 84 Bilasmiias. Rilse nie Gen Piet. ohlaicusacvea' ace aati Wook een 122 Bmmericiella, Pils:: m-\ sub Gy. ..2icatu wits «ees eae ee 45 Emmericia (Emmericiella) longa Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 5, figs. 3 | Nite GA a cea A eR ER Sh LMM eT epee | 46 Emmericia (Emmericiella) novimundi Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 5,. BOS OE TOY i Bs Seke ota alates allbeaibnase save aaaltne aeacae ee ea 46 Rasex, County motes, iMinase |e.) 6 caisiice osjcki. Ue eee 86 Penpuson, Collectiony 40... weit ha duesakeh ed ae sea 44 Ferd,, John. (obituany: and‘ portrait), ....0e.e0cs dba e 126 Frenchman’s Bay, Maine, list of shells from ........... 62 Grand Canyon\of the (Colorado i tiie .eco ee site eee 109. Helicina orbiculata clappi Pils., n. subsp. ............. 90 Helicina torrei Henderson, n. sp. (Pl. 4, figs. 1-3 ........ 50 Holospira bartschi, an internal septum in.............. 32 Homalogyra atomus in Rhode Island ................. 83 KBoaliella: aldabraensis: paciey a ieee eee tenes <i ait debe 69 Kaliella turbinatta Gisele) \).4:40)) Osta. ces AS ees ot 64 Ransas: mollusks ‘from 2. ).:. cea ee Oss sk eee ee 91 Kansas, the mollusca of Douglas County ............ 81, 94 Bamellidea Pile.) mi werd. io eee le | aa 123 Hamellovum, Pils)’ neeseed. oie wee. fir kts peoehin ees 123 Memtepra Bet le un cululd a Raa 2 al ee 47 Leptogyra alaskana;: Bartsch, nm. sp...... 02... 0..00 0000 136 Biter, “Moise, de v2.0. ads as ok a Pe ee 84 Lymnaea cubensis. aspirans Pils., n. subsp. ............ 120. Lymnaea nashotahensis Baker, n. sp. (fossil) .......... 19 THE NAUTILUS. v Lymnaea stagnalis lillianae Baker, n. var........... 112, 125 Lymnaea umbilicata; range Of: 2.2... 0.00. c eee ewes en 80 Macroceramus hendersoni Torre, n. sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 5) ... 49 Mexico, Mollusks from northeastern ...............2-. 45 Mitra (Chrysame) waltonensis Aldr. n. sp. (Pl. 11, fig. 1) 121 Meristulaim) Die Keatkaeha® 2 soe Stee ei ok She ae 120 Muisculun: parvum Sterki, m. spits iis'sc ob ae ees on Poo 67 Musculium, observations and notes on ................ 17 Mnusculium ‘winkleyi Sterki, n.. spi 2... 22... e sees ees 66 Nudibranchs, notes on New England ................. 33 Nudibranchs, rectification of the nomenclature ........ 100 Odostomia (Evalea), cookeana Bartsch, n. sp........... 138 Odostomia (Evalina) katherinae Winkley, n. sp. (Fig.). 88 SOS VTA RULE OSE) +... 2/5 sa). selele seteate ae Madee Mineo oetoiaios 62 Grlahoma: mollusks; from...) oie oe oes ek a oe ee 91 (tivella; porter Dall) ns ‘sp. < ..2 h.0 2 64. 26 Dee nw eke 133 Onova asser: Bartseliy ia sph. 20046 0s 2 ae ey ea 138 Pachypoma lithophorum Dall, m: sp:................65- 135 Fachypoma: magdalena: Dall,-m: sp... S24 Te. ee 135 UPMRD LT ES 8) cesta lativ-wlei'e woe wll dea She ae BE OR 47 Palbadestrina,protea ‘Gould: . 2... och. ue sets BOS OT 78 Parreysia, Systematic position of...................-. 139 rsdn mare: Sterki; n. sp. 6.4... .6.ea0s e822 42 Planorbis ‘bicarinatus: Say. (Pili V; fig, 3)-...........5.. 21 Planorbis bicarinatus var. augistomus Hald. (PI. 1, figs. ROMER) CES 8 6 6.3 64 Ysa neh 72 Jt) cto ied us Shasta wale asta Shen a a 4 Planorbis bicarinatus var. aroostookensis Pils. (Pl. 1, MEP MEN A 51 BD ee. PNy's Sas. 'an,'c Ina 8 a AS OE uae ee 7 Planorbis bicarinatus var. corrugatus Currier, (Pl. 1, BATU SS 5 PARLE NBs a \as'o's va okanhoclle ila SPAR Te WW cleat hE ERT NE 5 Planorbis bicarinatus var. perearinatus Walk., n. n. (Pl. AR AUCR PUR Nt gt 2 eee A lr... 5! 5's uke g Babee week © Weld De ane ere 6 Planorbis bicarinatus var. portagensis Baker, (Pl. 1, MRT AS Testa. oss) dha uae Woah hoe ad ee ee 8 Planorbis bicarinatus var. royalensis Walk., n. v: (Pl. 1, jE ATT S eg Ro SS A AE SO 9 Planorbis bicarinatus var. striatus Baker .......... Re oe La! vi THE NAUTILUS. Planorbis bicarinatus var. unicarinatus Hald., (Pl. 1, Pete CAE op RNG aR NM OAR OO OPAL AEN EAD abt Mp yg) bs WNL EYAE 0) 3 Homanlaxitirbanicus) Dall. im.) spe eit ee ee es eae 134 Rlanorbis ‘binneyi) Tryon; Note OM s Ney, eek ees 4] EA Ker RIES Cech apt Fwy 1c Peg 2) GERRI RMT Bee SUSIE VAL EeBR ON PANE 7e SS 47 Pterides bisinulabris Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 5, figs. 7, 8)...... 48 Pterides pterostoma Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 5, figs. 1, 2,5,6)... 48 Pterides rhabdus Pils., n. sp. (Pl 5, figs. 3,4) )..50. 0. 8 48 Ryramidellidse,| New negland cae Mavens eek che oleae 39 Pyramidellide, more notes of the family .............. 54 Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) bartschi Winkley, n. sp. (fig.) 39 Rissoa (Nodulus) stewardsoni Van., n. sp. (Fig. 1)..... 65 Siphonariat Wineolata Sow: s |i decks (cule dances eee 132 Siphonaria) nautragium | Stearns (2/2. ke eae ee eee 132 Somatogyrus mexicanus Pils., n. sp. (Pl. 9, fig. 3)....... 98 sphaerium: limeatum Sterki, 0. Spi). 42 Los ie beeen 142 Stearns, Dr. R. E. C. (Obituary and portrait) ......... 70 strobilopstioridana, Pils;, M.ispy) jos ose lee tees o-ee 90 Squid, suckers from the big (figs. 1-4)............... 43, 83 Dornatellinidse, elassiiiea tion Of 23) li ee. see teaae 122 Tornatellides Pallet mm. ment ony Suto WN ari oe ROSS be) an eaenaae 123 ornatellaria (Pals ns See bi ls tie tilted sey ay eee ora yel ao heneiene 123 Unronides, ia new, system jor Ghe yu eR Ne arena 114 Unionide from an Indian garbage heap ............... 11 Unionide from Arkansas and Louisiana .............. 102 VATE T BLOM 125) cIh sea aN aN Ons ne ct ea 15 Valvatide of Wee North Amierieay Sinise eee 104 Walvata .eabla) Pian bal: my, istry witetepeteent luke. baat |e 107 Walvataiwhitei cannibal, ‘a: sips) \ep tiie. aia) ric ie isi eteye= = ies ete 107 Mal vaste | nmeraligi Saye. |e ii eu (anaemia bile estes ae ania 2 aia 105 Vallvataivinenss lrryom 2.30) Mu ZiT tb Dee eA aa 106 Veronicella nilotiea \Cockerell) m: spies). de ce eae ee 108 Viviparus contectus! in) Philadelphia ii). i... sos ete 60 Whiteaves,'\ Joseph! E'.(( Obituary) Wags ss ee eee 84 Zonitoides bermudensis Pils. & Van., (Fig. 1).......... 63 THE NAUTILUS. vil INDEX TO AUTHORS. Ze ev? cl 6 AEA & (RAC eA RAL AU EON CAN a a a 121 {52 71 Mes Ba I |S aon ents 5) 8 CHAR ML Ge Ba ea A 60 Bae re BNO sn eis L st 1a) hel ener stoke 19, 41, 80, 91, 112, 125 JE OAICC NT Ts ORSAY SERS aR ot be AT Bea I Ee Wa CUE Rae NaN 33, 100 |EGICH PST] OVMRD) G4), 71) MO RLSM MRR SMe AS ages pa Soe Ale ae A RR OE 54, 136 _BYEECESS (RODS US a PMI Oa ern ERE CRRA oY UR EGE 73, 129 ESTAR Eee ELNy hae sateen’ eevee, oe ae taTe arte aan eum Re ate 43, 83 Blaney Pryaigty ee eats ol aie eee he DARE OL 62 EVES SICA TIOTETIEN ei ey. bya oc eR ame aH, Cue Mia NAN Say SUS 61 Galen 2 6 AT Ag IR se ee aR EAL LUE AR URL ORME er. 108 MN Vid ce he eos rssd thal Sea's, CEM ep IL ae typ aa 70, 133, 144 RGEISS NN bbe ns Wola Giale hu reda rata Weal sialic ee Mor eee atest an EAC eee 109 LL vei g sy re Ae eA OLA SA aaa PPAR CE MIRA MO tro 113 Sem T PG VAG LOTES 50 515.75 ire Nar chon eae Ga abet a Real ate (sa pee ea 44 TE Ye IS1TO O'S a Se Ne Bee SRN eM cS ESTAR LL AE Da Looe SS An and 120 LEIP TETIEUN Cnt DAUR GEE cee Ron eR PME esa Rif CN! Ak ote A as 81, 94 Puen el EL ATONGY, 215). oh) seccyaln apeyeral ah chills eaareena eens tae 40, 104 MET TOM: (eb Po, elie Eos ia he, & lo kim lanes ed aor SATS Se oe Ch eS 50 PAPI ENG) LE SCR e 2 Mo k os ba els 2 Ne ea ae 124 Ebamaphre ys: VEL) Wisin hid os coh wie GS Uncrate eee en 10 MAU -STeS AS DES Ne a ona 6 RD a i Aiton ales oS LE TE 83 ReenTa am PAY MAY is ek gue Soe |p NS ee a ie a 11, 114, 139 OS) Na 208 DAN) ae 32, 45, 63, 85, 89, 97, 120, 122, 126, 1382 PMA VCORE Ue otc) a) tvs 'a ie a ero miang teletey aroha Aiea: tata 69, 108 CNTs Bil sSNA Re ROE ERE Pale 7a 17, 42, 52, 66, 142 ere Gamlos de 1a. 55s bis (Ag yaya ees wee eae 49 TRE 8 Cae OE eC Pedy VR LR Arce: 63, 102 hie dMECeeye 24.021 c) SA DEE Det ch 88 a PPAR a at 1, 21 ji Mead al 72 e809 SERINE Pe re Ge a 12, 39, 68, 86 THE NAUTILUS, XXIII PLANORBIS BICARINATUS AND ITS SUBSPECIES. PLATE I THE NAUTILUS. VoL. XXIII. MAY, 1909. INGOs Le NOTES ON PLANORBIS II: P. BICARINATUS. BY BRYANT WALKER, PLANOEBIS BICARINATUS Say. PI. I, fig. 3. 1817. Planorbis bicarinatus Say, Nich. Encyc., pl. i, f. 4. 1822. Helix angulata Rackett, Lin. Tr. xiii, p. 42, pl. v, f. 1. 1834. Planorbis engonatus Conrad, N. F. W. Shells, sup. p. 8, pl. ix, f. 8. 1834. ? Planorbis antrosus Conrad, Am. J. Se. (1) xxv, p. 343. 1861.? Planorbis lautus H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond. 1861, p- 146. This common and well-known species is one of the characteristic species of the fresh-water pulmonate fauna of eastern North America. It stands quite by itself, having, with the exception of the recently described P. eucosmius Bartsch from North Carolina, no closely related species in our fauna. It is the type of the subgenus Helisoma Swainson. The shape of the shell is so well marked and distinctive that the synonymy is, as shown above, comparatively small. The Helix angulata of Rackett was, in all probability, described in entire igno- rance of Say’s previous description. The type of Conrad’s P. engonatus seems to have disappeared. According to Haldeman, who saw the “single original specimen,” then in the collection of a Mr. Mason, it was a monstrosity. Con- rad’s figures are poor, but Haldeman’s (Mon., pl. i, figs. 5 and 6), which are apparently excellent, confirm his opinion. It was found 2 THE NAUTILUS. at Albany, N. Y. Jay (Catalogue, 4th Ed., 1852, 10267) lists P. bicarinatus var. engonatus from Georgia. Through the courtesy of Mr. L. P. Gratacap, of the American Museum of Natural History, I have been able to examine these shells. Of the eight specimens in the set, one isa P. campanulatus Say, nearly but not quite mature ; the remainder do not differ from the usual form of bicarinatus, except that the mature ones have a more or less expanded lip, and might well be referred to the form described by Haldeman as var. angt- stomus. None of them exhibit the peculiar flattening of the body whorl characteristic of engonatus. It seems probable that these specimens were referred to Conrad’s species on account of the cam- panulate aperture. What the P. lautus of H. Adams really is, is a matter of conjec- ture, which can be only definitely settled by reference to the type, if it is still in existence. In the meantime Tryon’s supposition that it was a young specimen of his species seems probable enough to warrant its reference to bicartnatus, and thus eliminate it from the list of unknown American species. Conrad’s P. antrosus is no doubt a form of Say’s species, and is quite probably the campanulate variety described by Haldeman as var. angistomus, under which it will be further discussed. Say does not give the locality of the typical form in connection with his original description, but in describing the next species, P. parvus, mentions that both inhabited the Delaware, so that there is practically no doubt but that the types came from that river. The Delaware River form (pl. I, fig. 3) is the common manifestation of the species as it is usually found throughout the United States. Say’s description, though brief, is excellent, and leaves little to be desired. An apparent typographical error occurs in the reprint from the 3d Ed. of Nicholson’s Encyc., and probably in the original, as it is followed by Binney in his edition of Say’s writings. The description as printed reads: ‘‘ Shell subcarinate above, and beneath translucent.’ If the comma was placed after ‘‘ beneath ”’ instead of after “above,” the sentence would be in better accord with the facts and in all probability with the intention of the author. The name adopted by Say in his new species is almost a mis- nomer, as the typical form is really not carinated at all, either above or beneath. In both places it is rather a more or less acute angula- tion, and is never raised into a carina as, for instance, in Valvata tricarinata Say. THE NAUTILUS. 3 It is to be noted that Say, with his usual nice observation, de- scribes the minute, revolving lines which are still characteristic of the Delaware River form, and which are not uncommon in specimens from other localities. In many instances, however, they are entirely lacking. Say described his species as sinistral. Without going into the question as to whether the shell is really sinistral or ultra-dextral, it may be said that with the exception of Say’s original figures, and those of Call (Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., 1899, p. 411, pl. viii, fig. 10), all the published illustrations known to the writer treat it as dextral, and in accordance with this practically universal custom the figures for the present paper have been drawn in that position. Those who prefer to consider the shell as sinistral have only to reverse the plate. Considering the enormous extent of territory which it inhabits, and the diverse conditions of local environment to which it is sub- jected in different parts of its range, P. bicarinatus is, for a fresh- water pulmonate, remarkably uniform in its development, and com- paratively few varietal forms have been described, and most of these have been distinguished within the last few years. Taking them in the order of their appearance, they are as follows: I. Var. unicarrinaTus Hald., pl. I, figs. 6, 7 and 8. Planorbis bicarinatus v. unicarinatus Haldeman, Monograph, p. 7 (1844). ‘* Whorls of the right (upper) side rounded ; the carina on the left side revolves closely, so as to form a very narrow umbilicus, and the aperture is much extended towards the left.”” _( Haldeman.) Haldeman did not figure this form, but fortunately his type has been preserved in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, and the figures here given have been drawn from it. It is very doubtful whether this form is entitled to varietal rank in the proper accepta- tion of the term. It will be observed from the figure that the inner whorls on the upper side are distinctly angulated, and that the angle does not wholly disappear until just before the aperture is reached. Such specimens are not uncommon in almost any large series, and all gradations from the bicarinate to the unicarinate form can be found in the same colony. It would seem, therefore, to be an individual rather than a racial characteristic. The form, however, is of inter- est as exhibiting the first step toward the purely ecarinate form described by Pilsbry as var. aroostookensis. The type came from the Schuylkill River. 4 THE NAUTILUS. II. Var. ancistomus Hald., pl. I, figs. 4 and 5. Planorbis bicarinatus var. angistoma Haldeman, Mon., p. 7 (1844). “Shell small, aperture campanulate, with the throat narrowed.” ( Haldeman.) Haldeman did not figure this ‘‘ variety,” and his brief diagnosis copied above gives neither the dimensions of his type nor the locality from which it came. The type is not to be found in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, and is apparently lost. The claims of this form for varietal recognition are but little, if any, stronger than those of var. untcarinatus. In nearly all mature shells of bicarinatus there is a tendency, more or less developed, for the lip to become everted, and there is no difficulty in selecting a series showing all degrees of variation in this particular from the same locality. It is only occasionally that all the specimens in the colony are affected at the same time and to approximately the same degree. But sometimes this feature is very persistent; thus in the set from which the figure was selected not only are all the specimens (38) decidedly campanulate, but all previous lips were also campanu- late, many of the specimens having two and some even three, the result being that the outline of the shell is in several instances greatly distorted. All the specimens from this locality were unusually flat, being very wide in proportion to their height. Similar specimens in all respects were collected in Bawbeese Lake, Hillsdale Co., Michi- gan, one of which, having a diameter of 16.5 mm., is only 4 mm. in height immediately in front of the aperture, the latter being 8 mm. in height. Some of these also are greatly distorted, showing appar- ently the effects of an unfavorable environment. Shells from Pine Island Lake, Kent Co., and Four Mile Lake, Chelsea, Mich., are somewhat similar, but the peculiar form is less strongly developed. In many cases, no doubt, the sudden expansion of the lip is to be accounted for by unusually favorable food conditions at the time when the animal had really completed its normal growth; the con- sequent suddenly-acquired corpulency of the animal necessitating a special, rapid and expansive growth of the shell to accommodate its increased size. This seems to have been the case with the colony from which Figure 1 was taken. Up to maturity the shell was a typical aroostookensis, when suddenly the enormously expanded lip was developed. In this case, too, the whole colony was apparently THE NAUTILUS. 3d affected, at least the ten specimens which are now in my possession were all more or less, and ihat, too, without regard to size. It seems quite probable that Conrad’s P. antrosus from Randon’s Creek, near Claiborne, Ala., is identical with this form. If so, and the form is worthy of varietal recognition, it would have priority over Haldeman’s name. Conrad never figured his species, and unfortunately gave no dimen- sions in his description. His specimens seem to have disappeared, and according to Tryon, in 1870, Conrad himself had forgotten all about it. It is possible, however, that some of the original lot found their way to Europe, as the species was catalogued by Beck in 1837 as being in the collection of Prince Christian Frederick (Index Moll., p- 118, 1837). Whether these specimens are still in existence I do not know. III. Var. corruGatus Currier, pl. I, fig. 10. Planorbis bicarinatus var. corrugata Currier, List of the Shell- bearing Mollusca of Michigan, p. 8, 1868. This form was never described by Currier, who simply gives the locality as Perch Lake, Kent Co., Mich. The figure is drawn from an authentic specimen (No. 3993, Coll. Walker), received from the late Dr. De Camp, who, in his Michigan Catalogue, described and figured several of Currier’s species, but unfortunately neglected this one. I have never seen but the single specimen from this locality, and do not know whether any more like it were found or not. The form is peculiar in the strong, transverse plications, which extend entirely around the whorl, and are scarcely interrupted by the well-developed, superior and basal carinations; towards the aper- ture, however, they become less distinct. The revolving, incised lines are also deeply cut, and in this feature the form is similar to the var. striatus of Baker. It is altogether the most heavily sculp- tured form that I have seen. The specimen figured is rather small, measuring 9 mm. in diameter and 5 in height. The body whorl immediately in front of the aperture is 8 mm. in height. Individual specimens of var. striatus Baker from Long Lake, Grand Traverse Co.; Dead River, Ives’ Lake, Mountain Lake, Little Lake and Howe Lake, Marquette Co.; Orchard Lake, Oakland Co., and Mud Lake, Montcalm Co., Michigan, and Gelot’s Lake, New Sweden, 6 THE NAUTILUS. Me., exhibit a greater or less tendency to develop the transverse pli- cations of this form, but none of them with anything like the strength or regularity of the specimen figured. Similar specimens occur in the marl deposits at Bad Axe and other localities in Tuscola Co., Mich. It is doubtful whether this form is entitled to rank as a variety. It is evidently an extreme development of the var. striatus, in which the transverse plication has been added to the revolving sculpture. If the name had not already appeared in the literature without description, and required explanation, I should hesitate to describe it as varietally distinct from striatus. IV. Var. PERCARINATUS n. n., pl. I, fig. 12. Planorbis bicarinatus major Walker, Naut. VI, p. 136 (1893); non var. major of various species of various authors. Shell very large for the species, thick and solid, dark horn- color tinged with purple; superior and basal carinz elevated into a distinct keel, which is white; lip thickened, edged with brown, behind which externally is a broad, yellowish-white band, within banded by deep reddish-brown; lines of growth distinct, stronger and ‘‘ puckered” around the carine; revolving lines very faint, not discernible except with a lens; aperture more or less expanded, sometimes distinctly campanulate, auriculate and distinctly modified by the extension of the carinz to the lip. The specimen figured measures 18.5 mm. in diameter and 10 mm. in height; height of body whorl in front of aperture 7.25 mm.; height of aperture 10.5 mm. A larger specimen, with a campanulate aper- ture, measures 19.75 mm. in diameter and 10.5 mm. in height. Types (Nos. 3419 and 20074, Coll. Walker) from Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich. Also from Pine Lake, Charlevoix Co., Mich. (Walker), and Rideau and Ottawa Rivers; Sparrow Lake, Simcoe Dist., Ontario, and Detroit Lake, Minn. (Pils.). The original specimens, collected by the late Dr. M. L. Leach, were all dead shells, more or less bleached. The above description has been prepared from fresh specimens from the same locality col- lected by Dr. R. J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids. Not in deference, for I think the rule an absurd one, but under the compulsion of the ‘* International Code,”’ I am forced to change the name of this very distinct variety and add another unnecessary synonym to the burden of systematic conchology. THE NAUTILUS. % V. Var. AROOSTOOKENSIS Pilsbry, pl. I, figs. 1 and 2. Planorbis bicarinatus aroostookensis Pilsbry, Naut. VIII, p. 115, 1875. Shell having the spire and umbilicus very deep, the latter funnel- shaped, as in typical bicarinatus, but both upper and lower keels entirely obsolete or rounded off on the last whorl, which has the aspect of P. trivolvis. Surface minutely striated spirally, as in P. bicarinatus. Aperture less angular and less produced below than in bicartnatus, in consequence of the rounding of the whorls. Diameter 15 mm., alt. at aperture 7.5 mm. (Pilsbry). Type locality, East Branch of Salmon Brook, Woodland, Aroos- took Co., Maine (Pils.). Also Collins’ Pond, Caribou River, Cari- bou, Aroostook Co., Me.; Charlevoix; Perch Lake, Kent Co.; Bes- semer, Gogebec Co.; Fallams, Menominee Co., and Ispheming, Mich. (Walker). Figure 2 represents the typical form of this variety, and is drawn from a topotype collected by Mr. O. O. Nylander. Figure 1 is the campanulate form, already referred to, which bears the same relation to typical aroostookensis that angistomus does to typical bicarinatus. The Michigan specimens, especially those trom the Upper Penin- sula, are much smaller than the typical form, and in some examples there is a tendency to angulation on the whorls, but the large majority of the specimens are quite characteristic in the rounded, ecarinate form of the last whorl. VI. Var. striatus Baker. Planorbis bicarinatus striatus Baker, Naut. XV, p. 120 (1902); Planorbis bicarinatus striatus Baker, Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, xvi, p. 9, pl. i, fig. 11 (1906). In this form the microscopic, revolving sculpture commonly but not invariably present in the typical form is greatly intensified, and in the typical expression of the variety is quite conspicuous to the naked eye. In the original description this sculpture is stated to consist of *‘raised spiral lines,’’ while in the second paper quoted above it is said that “in some specimens the spiral lines are deeply incised.” This incongruity is an apparent one only, and depends on whether the elevated or the depressed portions of the surface are wider or more conspicuous. Starting with the typical form, in which the revolving sculpture is either entirely wanting or very minute, it is 8 THE NAUTILUS. clear that the lines, when present, are incised. As the sculpture increases in strength, the intervals between the incised lines dimin- ish, and when they become equal, the surface becomes typically striate and the revolving sculpture consists of incised or elevated lines, as the observer chooses to designate it. Very rarely the surface is distinctly malleated, in which case there is a series of irregular, raised, revolving lines, which are quite differ- ent from the regular sculpture of var. striatus. The intensification of the spiral sculpture characteristic of this form seems to be peculiar to the northern states, as it has not been noticed from south of Mason and Dixon’s Line. The most characteristic specimens come from the northern tier of states from Maine to Michigan. The types were pleistocene fossils from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is a common form in Michigan, varying in size and proportion like typical bicarinatus. Specimens are also before me from the following localities: Square Lake; Rockville, Me.; Profile Lake, N. H.; Cedar Lake, N. Y.; Port Oram, N. J.; Gore’s Bay, Mani- tolin, Id., Lake Huron, Algoma; Georgian Bay, Ontario. VII. Var. portacensis Baker, pl. I. fig. 9. Planorbis bicarinatus portagensis Baker, Nau. XXII, p. 45 (1908). This recently described and very striking form is characterized by its closely coiled whorls, deeply funicular upper and lower surfaces and acute carination; the umbilicus is comparatively narrow and deeply excavated; the aperture is large, auriculate, higher than wide, and acutely angled above and before; the lip is sharp and but slightly expanded. HY $.v Dra 14.0 Type locality, Portage Lake, Aroostook Co., Maine. Also Square Lake, Cross Lake and Second Lake, Aroostook Co., Me. (Walker); Meaches Lake, Hull, Quebec (Pils.). The figure is drawn from a cotype kindly furnished by Mr. F. C. Baker. Specimens from Carp Lake, Emmet Co., and Betsey Lake, Benzie Co., Michigan, though not typical, may fairly be referred to this form. Immature examples, especially those from Betsey Lake, are almost identical with the immature Maine specimens, the whorls, perhaps, being more regularly rounded and lacking the decided flat- tening towards the base of the typical form. But the mature shells, though retaining the sharp carination above and below, are more inflated, and the aperture is wider and does not extend so far above and below the body whorl as in the typical form, being in shape and THE NAUTILUS. ] position more like that of var. percarinatus (fig. 12). Two addi- tional specimens from the original locality, submitted by Mr. Nylander, agree very exactly with the Michigan form. Mr. Nylander writes in regard to the habits of this form: “T think the variety portagensis lives in comparatively deep water, say 25 feet or so as only a few good specimens have been collected and these have always been “ dead ’’ shells. The speci- mens from Cross Lake were dredged in 25 feet of water. This raises a question as to whether the inflated form of this variety is not correlated with its habitat in deep water as sug- gested by Pilsbry in regard to the Physa and Planorbis from Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico (Proc. P. A. N. S., 1891, p. 324). A parallel case is found in Lymnzxa mighelsi W.G. Binn, which in Michigan, at least, lives in deep water a large part of the year (See Naut., XIV, p. 8). In fifteen years’ collecting at Pine Lake, Marquette Co., Mich., I have found this species only twice in shallow water and then in considerable numbers, but only for a few days. It seems likely that the peculiar form of Physa lordi Bd. is to be accounted for in the same way as in Michigan; at least, it is found only in the larger inland lakes. Planorbis multivolvis Case is also apparently a deep-water species (Nauvt., X XI, p. 61). VIII. Var. ROYALENSIS n. v., pl. I, fig. 11. Shell thin, light greenish horn-color; superior carination promi- nent, rounded, not acute; basal carina very strong, not acute, but forming a heavy, rounded cord around the deep, funicular umbilicus; upper surface concave, but more or less flattened and not as deep as the umbilicus; sides flattened and narrowed towards the base and contracted just above the basal carina; lines of growth strong and distinct, the sides being longitudinally coarsely and irregularly stri- ated; revolving sculpture strong and distinct; aperture triangular, the upper side very nearly straight and almost flat, meeting the lip at nearly aright angle; acutely angled below; lip thin, sharp, not ex- panded. Alt. 10, diam. 15; height of body whorl in front of aperture 5 mm. Types (No. 29163, Coll. Walker) from Siskowit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Michigan. Cotypes in the collection of the Phila- delphia Academy. About twenty specimens of this strongly characterized form were 10 THE NAUTILUS. collected by the University of Michigan expedition in 1905, and are very uniform in the peculiar features above described. P. bicarinatus was collected in 1904 and 1905 in a number of different localities in various parts of the island, but all such were quite typical in form. The longitudinal sculpture of this form is unusually strong for the species, and reminds one of the heavy sculpture of P. corpulentus Say, but differs in being less regular and lacking the acute ridges of that species. Royalensis is nearer to portagensts than to any other form of bicarinatus, but differs in being wider and in the develop- ment and position of the superior carina, wider umbilicus, stronger basal carina and shape of the aperture. (To be continued.) RECERT FRESH-WATER FOSSILS FROM BRONX BOROUGH, NEW YORK CITY. BY EDWIN W. HUMPHREYS. The shells here mentioned were found at what is now 171 St. and Morris Ave., Borough of the Bronx, New York City. The swamp which is situated at this point lies in a long, narrow, anticlinal valley which has been eroded in the Inwood Limestone. When the street, now known as Morris Ave., was filled in across the swamp, the peaty deposit, which had accumulated here, was forced up to heights of several feet on either side of it. This caused the peat to crack in all directions and revealed numerous pockets which were full of small shells. The shells were extremely abundant; so thickly were they heaped together that they could easily be scooped up with a garden trowel. From the manner in which they were found it would seem as if they had been gathered together by currents or eddies in the waters of the swamp. All of the shells were bleached to a chalky whiteness and were very fragile. The following species were found. Amanicola limosa (Say) Hald. Shells of this species, though com- mon, were not very abundant and were usually more or less injured. Valvata tricarinata Say. These were exceedingly numerous, hun- dreds of them being heaped together in a single pocket. They were of all sizes, some being so small that they were lodged in the apertures of the larger ones. Evidently they represented individuals of all ages. Physa heterostropha Say. This species was rather scarce. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. This form was also uncommon. THE NAUTILUS. 11 Planorbis parvus Say. These varied in size as much as did the shells of Valvata tricarinata Say, and were about as abundant. Pisidium variable Prime. This species was very rare. Usually the valves were separated, only occasionally were they found united. Whether or not these forms still inhabit this place I am not pre- pared to say. Though I have not been able to find any living indi- viduals, further search may yet reveal them. I desire to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. L. P. Gratacap and Mr. Bryant Walker in the identification of some of the species. UNIONIDAE FROM AN INDIAN GARBAGE HEAP. BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN, CARNEGIE MUSEUM, PITTSBURGH, PA. On the western banks of the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania, upon the flood plain at the Point Marion Ferry, in Greene Co., opposite the point where the Monongahela and Cheat rivers unite, the writer found on July 9, 1908, a heap of Unionidae shells, buried about one to two feet in the soil on the side of a road. The soil consists of the characteristic river-silt of this region. Since Indian ‘‘relics”’ have frequently been found at this place, in fact, since it is known as the site of an old Indian settlement, it seems beyond question that this pile (about 2 feet high) represents an old Indian garbage heap of shells which had been used for food. When first found, the shells were rather brittle and soft, and many of them crumbled to pieces. But enough were secured, which re- mained whole, and subsequently they have hardened. They look like fossil shells in so far as in most of them the epidermis, and with it the color, is gone (only in a few Quadrulas fragments of the epi- dermis remain). In species, where the nacre originally is colored (Unio gibbosus and crassidens), the color has entirely faded away, or only very slight traces of it are discernible. It is hard to say how long ago this pile was formed: it may be less than a hundred years old. But this does not matter. The interesting fact about it is that this shell heap has furnished a small collection of Unionida, which contributes considerably to our knowl- edge of the Uniontd@-fauna of the Monongahela River drainage. At the present time, on account of the pollution of the water, this fauna has completely disappeared in the Monongahela proper: there 12 THE NAUTILUS. is not a single living mussel in this river from Pittsburgh to the West Virginia state line (which is within a mile and a half to the south of our locality). Only a few of the tributaries contain mussels, and the most important one is the Cheat River, in which (in Pennsylvania), a rich fauna is yet present within two miles of our locality. The writer has collected repeatedly in the Cheat, in Fayette Co., from a point about a mile above Point Marion up to Cheat Haven, close to the State line. Another locality for Unionide is about three miles to the north, in Dunkard Creek, Greene Co., where the writer also collected a number of species. It is interesting to compare these faunas with that of the Indian garbage heap at Point Marion Ferry, which either comes from the Monongahela proper, or from the Cheat. I give first here a list of the latter. 1. Truncilla perplexa cincinnatiensis (Lea). 3 double, 11 isolated valves, all males of medium and small size. This is not the typical cincinnatiensis, but a form intermediate between this and the typical perplexa (lea); the nodes upon the disc are rather small and more numerous than in the typical perplexa, but they are less numerous than in ctncinnatiensis. Tuberculate forms of 7runcilla perplera have never been found recently in western Pennsylvania; all specimens of perplexa of this region belong to the next variety. 2. Truncilla perplexra rangiana (Lea). 6 double, 7 isolated valves, all males of medium and small size. Not found at present in the Monongahela drainage, but rather abundant in the Allegheny River from Armstrong County upward. Also in the Shenango River in Lawrence County; the nearest locali- ties at present are about 80 to 100 miles away from Point Marion. 3. Lampsilis ventricosa (Bar.). Fragment of one left valve; young specimen. At present near Point Marion, both in the Cheat River and Dunkard Creek. Widely distributed in western Pennsylvania. 4. Lampsilis ventricosa ovata (Say). Fragment of one left valve (beak portion); young specimen. Not found at present in the Monongahela drainage. It used to be in the Ohio in Allegheny County, and is yet found in the Ohio in Beaver County and in the Allegheny in Armstrong County and farther up. 5. Lampsilis multiradiata (Lea). 2 double, 1 single valve; me- THE NAUTILUS. cs dium size. Although the characteristic color of the epidermis is gone, these specimens agree completely with this species in the shape of the shell and of the hinge teeth. This species is found in the Cheat River and elsewhere in western Pennsylvania, preferring smaller streams. 6. Lampsilis ligamentina (Lam.). 4 isolated valves; one young, the others of medium size. At present in the Cheat River, but not abundant. It is the most abundant species in the large rivers of western Pennsylvania. 7. Obovaria circulus (Lea). 1 left valve; small. Not typical, inclining toward QO. lens (Lea) in shape; probably a female. This species (including the form dens) is found scattered over the Ohio drainage in western Pennsylvania. From the Monongahela it is known only from a single locality at Charleroi, Washington County, about 35 miles north of Point Marion 8. Cyprogenia irrorata (Lea). 2 double, 4 isolated valves, of medium size. Not in the Monongahela drainage, and altogether rare in western Pennsylvania; known from the Ohio below Pittsburg and from the Allegheny River in Allegheny and southern Armstrong County. No live specimens have been found recently. 9. Ptychobranchus phaseolus (Hildr.). 1 double, 3 isolated valves, of medium size. Abundant in Cheat River; also in Dunkard Creek. Widely dis- tributed in the Ohio drainage in western Pennsylvania, with excep- tion of the large rivers. 10. Unio gibbosus Barn. 4 double, 7 single valves, medium and small size. Abundant in Cheat River; also in Dunkard Creek. Everywhere in western Pennsylvania. 11. Unio crassidens Lam. 7 double, 4 single valves; one above medium size, the others medium and small. Only in the large rivers; abundant in the Ohio and lower Alle- gheny. Known from the Monongahela at Charleroi, Washington County, but not farther up. No trace of it in the Cheat. 12. Pleurobema clava (Lam.). 2 single valves, medium size. Present in Cheat River. A rare species in western Pennsylvania, preferring smaller streams. 13. Quadrula subrotunda (Lea). 1 double, 5 single valves; me- dium and small size. 14 THE NAUTILUS. In the Cheat River at present. Also in the Monongahela at Charleroi, Washington County, and in the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers from Beaver to Armstrong Counties. A species of the larger rivers. We see, that of these thirteen forms one (Zruncilla perplexa cin- cinnatiensis) is not present any more in western Pennsylvania, and five (Truncilla perplexa rangiana, Lampsilis ventricosa ovata, Obo- varia circulus, Cyprogenia trrorata, Unio crassidens) are not found any more in the vicinity of Point Marion (in Cheat River or Dunkard Creek). Of the latter, Lampsilis ventricosa ovata, Cyprogenta tr- rorata, and Unto crassidens, are typical inhabitants of the large rivers, and, near Point Marion, possibly once existed only in the Monongahela River, the fauna of which is now destroyed. Truncilla perplexa and Obovarta ctreulus may yet turn up in the Cheat River, but, if present at all, must be very rare at the present time. This is the more remarkable, since the two forms of Truncilla perplexra were represented, in the garbage heap, by a comparatively great number of individuals. The small size of all specimens shows that the Indians selected for food only such small specimens, rejecting the big ones. The chief interest of this little collection lies in the fact that it gives us an idea of what damage has been done to our Uniontda- fauna in recent times. For comparison, I submit here the lists of the species collected by myself in Cheat River and Dunkard Creek. CuHeatT River (collections made on Sept. 6, 1904, Sept. 16, 1907, July 10, 1908). 1. Lampsilis ventricosa (Bar.). 8. Symphynota costata (Raf.). 2. Lampsilis multiradiata (Lea). 9. Alasmidonta marginata (Say). 3. Lampstlis ligamentina(Lam.). 10. Unio gibbosus (Barn.). 4. Lampsilis recta ( Lam.). 11. Pleurobema clava (Lam.). 5. Lampstlis tris (Lea). 12. Quadrula undulata (Barn.). 6. Ptychobranchus phaseolus 13. Quadrula pustulosa (Lea). (Hildr.). 14. Quadrula subrotunda (Lea). 7. Strophitus undulatus (Say). 15. Quadrula tuberculata (Raf.). The leading species is Unio gibbosus (30 per cent.); then follow : Lampsilis recta (20 per cent.) and Ptychobranchus phaseolus (20 per cent.). The rest (12 species) makes up the remaining 30 per cent. The scarcity of Lampsilis igamentina is remarkable, since this species usually is the leading species in our rivers. Probably, this locality THE NAUTILUS. | 15 is near the limit of the range of this species, and the latter does not go much farther up stream. All of the species are rather small, which is most striking in Lampsilis recta, which actually is repre- sented by a dwarf race. All the species have been found alive, except Quadrula undulata. DunKARD CrEEK (collections made on July 8 and 9, 1908). . Tritogoniatuberculata(Barn.). 13. Quadrula tuberculata (Raf.). . Ptyehobranchus phaseolus (Hildr.). Of these, only Lampstlis luteola and Anodonta grandis were tound 1. Lampsilis ventricosa (Barn.). 8. Strophitus undulatus (Say). 2. Lampsilis luteola (Lam.). 9. Anodonta grandis (Say). 3. Lampsilis recta (Lam.). 10. Symphynota costata (Raf.). 4. Lampsilis tris (Lea). 11. Unio gibbosus ( Barn.). 5. Proptera alata (Say). 12. Quadrula rubiginosa (Lea). 6 fi alive: the condition of the creek was not favorable for collecting (first and second day after a heavy thundershower). It is probable, that the fauna is not complete, and I cannot say anything about the frequency of the single species. VARIATION, BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. First, nature never makes two individuals exactly alike; secondly environment. One hundred shells of the same species from a given locality will show individuality. Compared with a group of the same species from another region there is another difference. Like the difference between races of the human family, this is undoubtedly due to environment, At Eastport, Maine, where the Bay of Fundy tides create strong currents, chitons, limpets and other forms are in profusion and attain un- usually large size. These may be called sedentary forms and depend on food being brought to them. A few feet away Bucci- num is abundant but small. The same is true of Lunatia heros found in neighboring waters. These are carnivorous forms and are much larger at Casco Bay and its neighborhood, Haminea solitaria is a white shell. A small colony from the 16 THE NAUTILUS. Branford River has every individual a deep brown. I wonder if this is due to the presence of a large iron foundry a short dis- tance away. Erosion is not a characteristic, yet it does result from environment. This is conspicuous where unios are taken from waters where there is decaying vegetation. The reason is well known; acid from decaying leaves acts on the lime of the shell. The same effect may be seen in marine shells taken from waters where a river meets the sea. An interesting effect of air may be seen in the author’s cabinet. Shells of Fusws decem- costatus taken below low tide are well preserved even to the apex ; others from a few yards away, exposed to the air at low tide, are much eroded. Pure white sets of Gemma gemma may be found at Woods Hole and Branford, Conn. At Provincetown they are a very dark purple, some specimens showing hardly a trace of white. At Revere Beach the type is white with perhaps a third of the shell faintly tinted purple. Reasons for this variation I cannot give. Nor can I explain why sets found a dozen years ago at Revere Beach should vary from specimens obtained at the same spot a year ago. Litorinella minuta is abundant in pot holes in the marshes. Environment there is good for it. A dwarfed variety is found in the Branford River, and the same form occurs on dead eel grass under the wharves at Provincetown, Evidently this form flourishes better in still water. Temperature has its influence. Planorbis trivolvis occurs throughout New England. It is small in the Connecticut River at Springfield, the same at Bran- ford and eastern Massachusetts. In northern Maine large, and the largest and finest set in the author’s cabinet was obtained at Dalton, Mass., in the Berkshire hills. This last region is well known as having northern insects, undoubtedly the other species of shells would show affinity with the forms in northern New England. Climate alone explains this variation. The forms from the Connecticut River certainly have water enough, but they are small, Other sets are from small bodies of water; only in colder regions does this giant thrive. Environment drives out some species and retains others. These few examples are variations in the same species which shows the effects of different surroundings. THE NAUTILUS, XXIII. PLATE II. DISTRIBUTION OF PLANORBIS BICARINATUS IN MICHIGAN. Toe NAURIEUS: Vou. XXITI. JUNE, 1909. No. 2. SOME OBSERVATIONS AND NOTES ON MUSCULIUM. BY V. STERKI. Most or all of our species of Musculium Link (Calyculina Clessin) are very variable. . g., of MW. securis Pr. there are almost endless forms, some of them so different from others that they appear to be distinct species, even of different groups. They readily respond to the nature of their habitats, and almost every place has its own pecu- liar forms. It may be added that most of them are inhabitants of quiet waters: small lakes, ponds, pools, marshes, ditches, slow streams; but MV. transversum Say is also found in rivers with strong current, with stony and rocky bottoms. Years ago Clessin stated his belief that they are comparatively short-lived and of cyclical development, annuals. The first part of his statement is probably correct, the latter probably not, or not for all species; specimens at all stages of growth, from newly hatched to full-grown, can be found at any time of the year. Yet under certain conditions their development appears to be uniform; e. g., where pools dry up in fall, only the young mussels appear to survive, to grow to maturity and propagate during spring and summer. These mussels are described as having their beaks calyculate, or “capped,” and the genus has been established mainly on that fea- ture.! But in most and probably in all species, specimens and forms are found with slightly or non-calyculate beaks, and such are the rule 1 Yet even without that supposed but mistaken character the genus appears to be well founded, as will be shown elsewhere. 18 THE NAUTILUS. rather than the exception in MV. transversum Say. By the way, it may be said that calyculate beaks are found occasionally in specimens of Pisidium and Spherium. The nepionic (embryonic) mussel when discharged from the parent is generally well inflated (except in MM. transversum), and then the postembryonal part of each valve is marked off from it by a constric- tion more or less deep. This seems to be especially well marked when the embryos have been retained by the parent for a long time, e. g., over winter, and are overgrown, as it were.' Under favorable conditions the embryos are probably discharged as soon as sufficiently developed, moderately inflated, and then postembryonal growth goes on in the same direction without or with a slight demarcation line. There are in my collection a number of lots of a Musculium, dif- ferent from all other species described and known, from Rhode Island, Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, and remarkably alike. The mus- sels are somewhat like medium-sized M. securts Pr., but more elon- gate, moderately and evenly inflated; the anterior and posterior parts are less disproportionate, the latter is less high, less and more ob- liquely truncate, the beaks are not calyculate, rounded, comparatively broad and not very prominent; even under the microscope, no de- marcation line between the embryonal and postembryonal parts can be seen; the surface is markedly regular, without or with slight lines of growth, with very fine strie and a slight silky gloss; the color is dark horn, not yellowish, somewhat lighter along the margins, but there are no sharply defined zones, as common in securis. Isolated, this Musculium would appear to represent a distinct species; but younger specimens, evidently of the same form, have more the out- lines of M. securis, and in every lot there are some specimens of the same, with the beaks calyculate, and generally there are intermedi- ate ones, as to outlines and general appearance. Several of the lots were collected in fall, from September to November, and others probably so. It appears probable that this is a summer form of M. securis, of fast and steady growth under favorable conditions, consequently not a variety. Corresponding forms of other species have also been seen. If verified by future observations, this is a remarkable and very interesting fact. Also the varieties and local forms of all species, and the conditions 1 Under the microscope such specimens show several concentric zones along the margins of the valves, marked by lines of growth. THE NAUTILUS. 19 under which they grow, should be carefully studied. In order to do this much more good material is needed from all over the continent. It is very desirable to collect repeatedly, throughout the year, at favorable places, wherever there is an opportunity for doing so; it is essential to have the date of collecting with every lot, notes on the nature of the habitat, and last but not least, to have good numbers of specimens, not only the large ones, but also the half-grown and young. Any material, from anywhere, will mean a contribution to our knowledge. It may be added that the simplest and best means for collecting small fresh-water mollusca, Spheriide and gastropods, is a sack net of good burlap on a frame of strong wire (4-1 inch), the ring of about 6-8 inches diam., tied to a handle of suitable length, e. g., a broomstick, In this net mud and other material, scooped up from the surface of the bottom, is washed, the coarser things gradually removed; the remainder is taken home and dried well, but not in too great heat. Then, a small sieve, e. g., a strainer, or several of dif- ferent mesh measures, are very serviceable for separating finer and coarser material, and it will be much easier to pick out the speci- mens, of which the smallest should not be overlooked; some Pisidium are not larger than 1 to 2 mm. when mature. Specimens to be sent for examination are best left mixed up, or separated only for con- siderable differences of size. The washings and specimens must be handled carefully, especially Musculium, since most of them are very fragile. The whole “ stuff,” dirt and all, fresh or dried, may be sent for examination, after the coarser materials are removed. For deep water a drag-net or small dredge of burlap will do good service, especially if protected by an outer sack of strong canvas with the bottom left open. It is very desirable that collecting be done in lakes and deep rivers. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FOSSIL LYMNZA. BY F. C. BAKER. LYMNZA NASHOTAHENSIS n. Sp. Shell elongated, somewhat pyramidal; surface dull, growth-lines conspicuous, crossed by fine, impressed spiral lines; whorls 6-63, rather rapidly increasing in diameter, flatly rounded, the body whorl very large and quite convex or even gibbous; spire broadly pyramidal or conic, longer than the aperture; sutures well marked; aperture 20 THE NAUTILUS. long, ovate, much narrowed above, generally wide and flaring below; outer lip with variceal thickening; inner lip rather broad, reflected over the umbilical region, forming a conspicuous expansion and leay- ing a well-marked umbilical chink; parietal callus wide and rather thick, in some specimens rendering the aperture continuous; axis twisted; the columella is plicate in the immature shell, but in adult or old specimens the inner lip is raised over the umbilicus, somewhat as in emarginata. Length 33.50, breadth 13.00; aperture length 14.00, breadth 7.00 mm. Length 29.00, breadth 13.00; aperture length 15.00, breadth 6.75 mm. Length 28.75, breadth 13.50; aperture length 15.75, breadth 7.00 mm. Length 25.00, breadth 12.00; aperture length 14.00, breadth 7.25 mm. Length 21.00, breadth 10.00; aperture length 12.00, breadth 6.00 mm. Length 24.00, breadth 10.00; aperture length 11.00, breadth 5.00 mm. Length 18.25, breadth 8.25; aperture length 10.00, breadth 4.25 mm. Types: The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 9 specimens, No. 24539; cotypes, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 98521, 6 specimens. Type locality: Marl beds, Nashotah, Waukeshaw County, Wis- consin. Remarks: Z. nashotahensis was at first thought to be a form of Lymnea danielsi; it differs markedly from that species, however, in several particulars—the spire is broader and not so acute, the body whorl is larger and inclined to be gibbous, there is a conspicuous umbilical chink (danielsi is usually imperforate), and the columella is not noticeably plicate. In nashotahensis the aperture is elongate ovate, narrowed above and broadened below, where it is often patu- lous. The upper whorls are strongly suggestive of Lymnea reflexa, the penultimate whorl having the swollen appearance so characteristic of reflexa. Young specimens somewhat resemble Lymna@a catascopium, differ- ing in being narrower, with a more elongate aperture, longer and less. Le he a | _— THE NAUTILUS. yA rounded whorls and a less distinctly plicate columella. There is also an umbilical chink, which is usually absent in catascopium. Like Walker’s Lymnea bakeri from Michigan, nashotahensis is apparently an extinct species peculiar to marl deposits. The speci- mens were secured by Mr. F. M. Woodruff. NOTES ON PLANORBIS II: P. BICARINATUS. BY BRYANT WALKER, (Concluded from May Number.) IX. Miscellaneous. In Beck’s Index Moll. (1837), p. 118, the following synonymy of this species is given: “Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Am. Septr. C, C. a. major. S.g.iv, 4. W.S. vii, 12. Fl. Schuylkill. Pl. angulatus Wood. b. minor. an P. eburneus Ch. ix, 1123? New Jersey.” P. angulatus Wood, Index Testaceologicus, edit. II, 1828, Suppl., pl. 7, f. 12, is a typical P. bicarinatus. The figures in Sowerby’s Genera, referred to by Beck (as “‘S. g.”’) are the same species. Beck defined his minor only by a queried reference to Chemnitz’s figures of a West Indian species, really entirely different. DISTRIBUTION, The recorded distribution of Planorbis bicarinatus is shown with approximate exactness upon the accompanying map (pl. III). These data are primarily based upon the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, the complete list of which has been kindly furnished by Dr. Pilsbry. To these have been added such additional information as was afforded by my own collection. The localities thus vouched for are indicated on the map by the black dots. These data have been supplemented by such specific localities as a careful search of the literature at my command afforded. These citations are repre- sented by the outlined dots. Duplicate citations and those giving simply the ‘‘ State”? have been omitted. A detailed list of all locali- ties and the authorities for the same is given below. The map does 22 THE NAUTILUS. not extend far enough north to allow the localities in Keewatin, Canada, to be plotted. While the exhibit as a whole affords what is probably a fairly accurate view of the actual distribution, yet it also shows how lamentably small our knowledge really is of the range of one of our most common species, and how much still remains to be done before any generalization can be other than tentative. Still the chart is of interest as showing what we do know, and serves to indicate the regions to which attention of American collectors should be particu- larly directed. Thus the apparent absence of the species from the entire littoral Atlantic region (with the exception of a single record from Wilmington, N. C.) from the Potomac to Florida, and along the coastal region of the Gulf from Florida to Texas is very striking and worthy of investigation. So, too, the exact range towards the west is important and of considerable scientific interest. No doubt many of the deficiencies of the present map can be supplied from material already accumulated in the many private collections of the country, aud it is hoped that this review of the subject will induce the publication of all such information for the benefit of those inter- ested in the geographical distribution of the American fauna. For it is only by the accumulation of detailed information, such as is afforded by the publication of carefully authenticated local lists, accompanied by exact localities, that any substantial advance can be expected. Taking the chart, such as it is, certain facts can be deduced with a great degree of certainty, while others must still remain more or less tinged with uncertainty until more exact knowledge shall either prove or disprove them. On the north it seems reasonably certain that bicarinatus extends through British America from Anticosti, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia west to at least Lake Winnipeg and Manitoba and north to Keewatin. In all probability it may be found to range west through Saskatchewan and Assiniboia well toward the Rocky Mountains. The data already accumulated shows a distribution through the northern United States from Maine to Oregon. The northwestern data, though scant, tend to show that the invasion of the valley of the Columbia was through transfer from the headwaters of the Mis- souri or its tributaries to the Snake, Pend Oreille or other tributaries of the Columbia. a ee ee ee eee ee, THE NAUTILUS. 23 The accuracy of that veteran collector, Henry Hemphill, as to its occurrence at Antioch, California, quoted by Stearns (1881), is not to be questioned. But the fact that there is no other record of its occurrence in California certainly tends to show that the Antioch find was a sporadic colony, accidentally introduced, and which never succeeded in effecting a permanent foothold. The citation of this species from the Yaqui River, Guaymas, Mexico, on the Gulf of California, by Stearns (1889), where it is said to have been collected by Palmer, is open to more doubt. It appears that Polygyra hirsuta was also alleged to have been collected at the same time and place. The nearest authentic locality for this species is southwestern Missouri. There is no evidence that bicari- natus has ever been discovered anywhere in the Colorado basin. The occurrence of two common eastern species at the same time in a locality so remote from the known range of either is certainly very remarkable, and would naturally raise a question as to whether there had not been an accidental mixing of specimens. Picarinatus is not quoted from Mexico at all by Crosse and Fischer, and its occurrence at Guaymas is very improbable. Leaving these two doubtful citations out of the question, the only authentic occurrence of bicarinatus on the Pacific coast is along the Columbia in Oregon; south of that the Rocky Mcuntains, no doubt, mark the western range of the species. In the Potomac River at and below Washington, D. C., dicart- natus is an abundant species. South of that, with the exception of Wilmington, N. C., so far as the records show, it is absent from the entire coastal Atlantic region. In western North Carolina and northwestern Georgia it is found in streams belonging to the western drainage. We have no records from South Carolina and Florida. The large amount of collecting that has been done in various parts of the latter state goes to show that it does not occur there. South Carolina is practically unknown conchologically. It was not found by Henderson at Yemasee, Beaufort Co. (Naur. XXI, p. 7). Mr. Wm. G. Mazyck, of Charleston, S. C., informs me that he has never known of its occurrence in that state, and that it is not quoted in either of Ravenel’s Catalogues of 1834 or 1874. In Alabama, though not abundant, it occurs in the northern part of the state, and extends in the Alabama drainage as far south at least as Pinehill, Wilcox Co. There are no records for either Mississippi or Louisiana. 24 THE NAUTILUS. In Texas it is an abundant species, at times, in the central eastern part of the state, and no doubt ranges north from there. But there are no records from the valley of the Rio Grande and, as stated be- fore, none from Mexico. This river would therefore seem beyond the southwestern range of the species. So far as the records show, it is apparently absent from the entire coastal region on the Gulf. Since the above was written and the map (Plate III) was pre- pared, Mr. H. H. Smith has collected typical bicarinatus in Beaver Creek, Conecuh Co., Ala. This ‘‘ find ” not only carries the species further south than previously recorded, but brings it into the western extension of the Atlantic fauna area along the Gulf Coast. Beaver Creek is a tributary of Murder Creek, which forms part of the Escambia River drainage system. West of the Appalachian Mountains, bicarinatus is, in suitable localities, a common species in all the states as far west as Kansas and Colorado, and there is no great doubt but that it ranges, in suit- able environment, west to the mountains. But the data at hand are too few and too scattering to give any exact information as to the limits of the western range. They are indicated on the map and given in detail in the following list: DISTRIBUTIONAL Data. United States. Alabama: Big Willis Creek, Atalla; Coosa River, Minnesota Bend; Black Warrior River, Jefferson Co.; Cub Creek, Pinehill; Princeton (Walker); Beech Creek, Selma; Cahawba River (Lewis); Coosa River, Farmer (Hinkley). Arizona: None. Colorado: Boulder (Pils.); Lodge Pole Creek, Logan Co.; Owens Lake, Boulder; Weld Co.; Greely (Henderson). Connecticut: West Granby, Hartford Co. (Pils.). Arkansas: White River, Carroll; Big Creek, Sebastian; Ouachita River, Hot Spring (Sampson). Delaware: Brandywine River, between Dupont’s and Rockland (Pils.). District of Columbia: Washington (Pils.). Florida: None. Georgia: East Rome (Pils.); Silver Creek, East Rome; Armuchee Creek, Rome; Dalton (Walker). THE NAUTILUS. 25 Idaho: Old Mission (Pils.); Blue Creek, Coeur d’Alene Moun- tains; Cedar Creek, Priest Lake (Walker). Illinois: Athens; Rock Island (Pils.); Joliet (Ferriss MSS.); Cook Co.; LaSalle Co.; Des Plaines River; Kappa, Panala, Wood- ford Co.; Crystal and Silver Lakes and Algonquin, McHenry Co.; Mercer Co.; Elgin, Kane Co.; Illinois River and Dogfish, Quiver and Matanzas Lakes, Havana, Mason Co.; Fourth, Sand, Cedar, Fox, Pistakee, Clear, Long and Slough Lakes, Lake Co.; Pope Co.; Johnson Co.; Thompson’s Lake, Fulton Co.; Milan, Rock Island Co.; Pekin, Tazewell Co. (Baker). Indian Territory : Tushkahama (Ferriss, MSS.). Indiana: Randolph Co. (Pils.); Cedar Lake; Bass Lake, Stark Co. (Baker); Connorsville, Danville (Walker); Richmond, Wayne Co. (Plummer); Indianapolis, Whitewater Basin, West White- water Basin, Maumee Basin, St. Joseph Basin, Lake Michigan Basin (Call), Franklin Co. (Moore and Butler); Lake Michigan, Michigan City; Lake James, Steuben Co.; Clear Lake, LaPorte Co. (Daniels). Iowa: Iowa City; DeWitt; Clear Lake; Davenport (Pils.), Mus- eatine, Des Moines, Ruthven (Walker); Spirit Lake (Keyes). Kansas: Walnut Creek (Pils.); Topeka; Ellis; Soldier Creek, Silver Lake Twp., Shawnee Co.; Northern Wabaunsee Co.; Brown Co.; Cedar Creek, Mt. Ida; Barber Co.; McDowell Creek, Riley Co.; Kansas River, Wyandotte; Neosho Co. (Call). Kentucky : Bowling Green (Pils.). Louisiana: None. Maine: Caribou, Aroostook Co.; Rockland, Knox Co. (Pils.); Orono, Fort Kent, St. John’s River; Gelot’s Lake, New Sweden; Second Lake, Fish River; Salmon Brook, Aroostook River; Wood- land, Collins’ Mill Pond, Portage Lake, Square Lake, Aroostook Co.; E Warren; Rockville (Walker); Cross Lake Inlet; Cross Lake; Moose River, Somerset Co. (Nylander); Moosehead Lake (Johnson); Portland (Pickering). Maryland: Cumberland; Hancock; Chestertown, Kent Co.; Flint- stone, Allegheny Co.; Conecocheque River at National Road (Pils.); Potomac River, Fort Washington (Walker). Massachusetts: Pontoosue Lake, W. Mass. (Pils.); Cambridge; Amherst (Walker); Fresh Pond (Adams); Swampscot, Lynn and vicinity (Tufts); Stockbridge (Ferriss, MSS.); Bristol Co. (Taylor and Shiverick). 26 THE NAUTILUS. Michigan: The writer has records from 52 of the 83 counties of the state, indicating a general distribution throughout the state. The counties represented are shown by the map (plate II). Minnesota: Lake Albert Lea; Fergus Falls (Pils.); Stearns Co.; Lake Minnetonka; Cannon Lake, Rice Co.; Shackleton Lake (Walker); Minneapolis; Lake Minnewaska, Pope Co.; Vermilion Lake, Winona, Lake Co.; St. Louis Co. (Grant); Clearwater, Wright Co. (Sargent); Harriet Lake, Hennipen Co. (Daniels); Heron Lake, Jackson Co.; Eagle Lake, Sherburne Co. (Stearns). Mississippi: None. Missouri: Pettis Co.; Lamar, Barton Co. (Sampson). Montana: Mingusville, now Wibaux (Squyer). Nebraska: Sidney (Walker); streams of eastern Neb. (Aughey); Omaha (Tryon). Nevada: None. New Hampshire: Profile Lake (Walker); Keene (Walker and Coolidge). New Jersey: Greenwood Lake, Passaic Co.; Raritan River; Cedar Lake, White Pond, Warren Co.; Swartzwood Lake, Sussex Co.; Center Twp., Camden Co.; Delaware Water Gap; Princeton, Mercer Co.; Lake Hopatcong, Budd’s Lake, Morris Co.; Hacken- sack Valley; Closter, Bergen Co.; Trenton; Gloucester Co. (Pils.). New Mexico: Las Vegas; South Spring River, Roseville; Tre- mentina; Santa Fe; Arroyo Pecos, Las Vegas (Pils.). New York: Cazenovia; Skaneatales Lake; Long Island; Niagara; Hudson River, Fort Warren, Ridgewood; Racquette Lake, Hamil- ton Co.; Queens Co.; Squaw Island, Niagara River; Troy (Pils.); Gannagagee Creek, Erie Co.; Alfred; Watertown; Canandarago Lake, Otsego Co.; Cedar Lake, Herkimer Co.; Old Forge (Walker); Sunset Creek, Otsego Co. (Smith); Chatauqua Lake (Maury); Schuyler’s Lake, Otsego Co.; Mohawk River, Little Lakes and Erie Canal and Litchfield, Herkimer Co. (Lewis); Onondaga Co. (Beau- champ); Rochester (Walton); Huntington, Centerport, Long Island (Smith & Prime); Cayuga Lake (Ferriss MSS). North Carolina: Asheville; Greenfield Pond, Wilmington (Walker). North Dakota; Hankinson (Pils.); Fort Stevenson (Stearns). Ohio: Columbus; Geanga Co. (Pils.); Hudson (Walker); Cincin nati (Harper and Wetherby); Tuscawaras Co. (Sterki); ‘* The Re- serve” (Naturalist). | | | THE NAUTILUS. 27 Oklahoma: Oklahoma City (Ferriss); Cimmaron River (Call). Oregon: Willamette River; Salem; Portland (Pils.). Pennsylvania: Delaware River (type locality), Say; Allegheny River; Round Island, Clinton Co.; Port Allegheny, McLean Co.; Youghiougheny River, Connellsville, Fayette Co.; Juniata River, Hollidaysburg, Blair Co.; Susquehanna River, Muncy; Cushclishia Creek, Indiana Co.; Emporium, Cameron Co.; Amity Twp., Berks Co.; Beaver River, Waupum, Montgomery Co.; Germantown and various localities, Philadelphia Co.; Nockamixon, Bucks Co.; Schanksville, Somerset Co.; Glenolden, Delaware Co.; Gettysburg; Ligonier, Westmoreland Co., York Furnace, York Co. (Pils.); Alle- gheny Co. (Stupakoff); Ohio River, Coraopolis (Rhoads); Chester Co. (Hartman & Michener); Lancaster Co. (Haldeman); Columbia; Susquehanna River, Wilkesbarre (Walker). Rhode Island: Providence and Worcester Canal; Cunliff’s Pond (Carpenter). South Carolina: None. South Dakota: Mouth of Big Sioux River (Lea). Tennessee: Emory River and Harriman (Pils.); Chilhowee Mts.. Blount Co.; Franklin Co. (Walker); Tellico River, Blount Co. (Lewis); Little River (Ferriss MSS). Texas: New Braunfels (Pils.); San Antonio (Walker); Peder- nales River, Gillespie Co.; Brushy Creek, Williamson Co.; Colorado River and tributaries, Comal Co.; San Marcus River, Hayes Co.; Colorado River and tributaries, Travis Co.; Burton, Washington Co. (Singley); Hog Creek, McLennan Co. (Strecker). Utah: None. Vermont: Connecticut River, Hartland (Pils.); Middlebury (A ms) Virginia: Luray (Pils.); Orange (Walker); Harper’s Ferry (Tryon). Washington: Cascades, Skamania Co. (Pils.). Wisconsin: Milwaukee (Pils.); Menominee River; Wauwatosa ; Honey Creek, Layton Park; Kinnickinnic River, Milwaukee ; Golden Lake, Waukesha Co.; Little Cedar Lake, Washington Co.,; Lake Winnebago, Calumet Co.; Kenosha (Chadwick). West Virginia: Four miles from Romney; Kanawha River, forty miles south of Ohio River, Wirt Co.; North River, Sedan, Hamp- shire Co.; Warm Spring Creek, Morgan Co.; Salt Sulphur Spring, 28 THE NAUTILUS. Monroe Co.; Patterson’s Creek, Mineral Co.; Potomac River, Cherry Run (Pils,); Potomac River, Harper’s Ferry (Walker). Wyoming: Yellowstone National Park (Stearns). Dominion of Canada—Quebec: Meaches Lake, Hull; Chaudiere River; Chelsea (Pils.); Caprouge (Walker); Anticosti (Latchford); Brome Lake, Knowlton (Whiteaves MSS). Ontario: Sparrow Lake, Simcoe District; Puzzle Lake, 40 miles north of Napanee; Rideau River; Ottawa River (Pils); Little River, Walkerville (Walker); Lake Simcoe (Stearns). Algoma: Dog River, north shore Lake Superior; Gores Bay, Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron (Walker); Moose Factory, Hudson Bay (Dall). Manitoba: Lake Winnipeg; Lake Manitoba (Christy). Nova Scotia: Dartmouth Lakes (Jones). Keewatin: Lake St. Joseph; Kawinogans River, Albany River. Knee Lake (Whiteaves); Saskatchewan River, Grand Rapids (Dall.); New Brunswick: Kennebecasis River and elsewhere (Matthew and Stead). Mexico: Yaqui River, Guaymas, W. Mexico (Stearns). See p. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following list includes all papers cited as authority for distri- bution in the preceding part of this paper. It is no doubt imperfect, as it embraces only such literature as has been accessible to the writer. For the sake of brevity many other papers examined, which afforded only duplicate records or simply a general ‘‘ State ” record are omitted : Adams, C. B.—Shells of Fresh Pond. (Am. J. Sci. and Arts, O. S. XXXVI, p. 392, 1839.) Adams, C. B.—Catalogue of the Mollusca of Middlebury, Ver- mont, and vicinity. (Am. J. Sci. and Arts, O. S. XI, p. 269, 1841.) Aughey, Samuel.—Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of Nebraska. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey III, p. 701, 1877.) Baker, F. C.—The Mollusks of Cedar Lake, Indiana. (Naut. XVII, p. 118, 1904.) Baker, F. C.—A Catalogue of the Mollusca of Illinois. (Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 106, 1906). Beauchamp, W. M.—Land and Fresh-water Shells of Onondaga County and State of New York (1886). THE NAUTILUS. 29 Call, R. E.—A Contribution toa Knowledge of Indiana Mollusca. (Proce. Ind. Acad. Sci. III, p. 150, 1894.) Call, R. E.—The Hydrographic Basins of Indiana and their Molluscan Fauna. (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1896, p. 250.) Call, R. E.—Contributions to a Knowledge of the Fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas. No. II, p. 54; No. IV, p. 123; No. V, p. 184; No. VI; p: 16. Carpenter, H. F.—The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island. (Random Notes on Nat. Hist. II, p. 96, 1886.) Chadwick, G. H.—Notes on Wisconsin Mollusca. (Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. IV, p. 83, 1906.) Chickering, J. W., Jr.—List of Marine, Fresh-water and Land Shells found in the vicinity of Portland, Maine (1855 or 6?.) Christy, R. M.—Notes on the Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Manitoba. (J. of Con. IV, p. 248, 1885.) Dall, W. H.—Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Alaska. (Rep. Har. Alaska Exp. XIII, p. 87, 1905.) Daniels, L. E.—A check list of Indiana Mollusca. (Rep. Dept. Geol. & Nat. Resources, Ind. 1902, p. 637.) Daniels, L. E.—Records of Minnesota Mollusks. (Naut. XXII, p27 tla, 1909.) Ferriss, J. H.—Mollusks of Oklahoma. (Naut. XX, p. 17, 1906.) Grant, U. S.—Conchological Notes. (14th Ann. Rep. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., p. 122, 1885.) Grant, U. S.—Notes on the Molluscan Fauna of Minnesota. (16th Ann. Rep. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., p. 484, 1887.) Haldeman, S. S.—Mollusca. (Rupp’s Hist. Lancaster Co., Pa., p- 481, 1844.) Harper, G. W., & Wetherby, A. G.—Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca found in the immediate vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1876. Hartmann, W. D., & Michener, E.—Conchologia Cestrica, p. 70, 1874. Henderson, Julius—The Mollusca of Colorado. (University of Colo. Studies IV, p. 181, 1907.) Hinkley, A. A.—List of Alabama Shells collected in October and November, 1903. (Naut. XVIII, p. 54, 1904.) Johnson, C, W.—Shells of the Lake Region of Maine. (Naut- XXI, p. 106, 1908.) 30 THE NAUTILUS. Jones, J. M.—List of the Mollusca of Nova Scotia, 1877. Keyes, C. R.—An Annotated Catalogue of the Mollusca of Iowa. (Bull. Essex Inst. XX, p. 13, 1889.) Latchford, F. R.—Shells of Anticosti. (Am. Nat. XVIII, p. 1052, 1884.) Lea, Isaac.—Report on Mollusca. (Explorations in Nebraska, Executive Doe. II, p. 72, 1859.) Lewis, James.—Shells of Herkimer and adjacent counties in the State of New York. Proc. A. N.S., Phila., 1872, pp. 97-107. Lewis, James.—Shells of Tennessee, No. 2, (Proc. P. A. N.S., 1872, p. 108.) Lewis, James.—Fresh-water and Land Shells of Alabama, 1876. Linsley, J. H.—Catalogue of the Shells of Connecticut. (Am. J. Sci. & Arts O. S. XLVIII, p. 281, 1845.) Matthew, W. D., & Stead, G.—Land and Fresh-water Shells col- lected near St. John, N. B. (Proc. Miramichi Nat. Hist. Ass., No. III, p. 49.) Maury, C. J.—Chatauqua Lake Shells. (Element. Nat. Hist. Series, No. I, p. 26, 1898.) Moore, D. R., & Butler, A. W.—Land and Fresh-water Mollusca observed in Franklin County, Indiana, (Bull. Brookville Soc. Nat. Hist., No. I, p. 43, 1885.) Naturalist.—Miscellaneous Observations, ete. (Am. J. Sci. & Arts O. 8S. XXXI, p. 36, 1837.) Nylander, O. O.—Fresh-water Shells in the northeast of Maine. (Naut. XI, pp. 9-12, 1897.) Plummer, J. T.—Scraps in Natural History. (Am. J. Sci. & Arts O. S. XLVIII, p. 95, 1844.) Rhoads, S. N.—On a Recent Collection of Pennsylvania Mollusks from the Ohio River System below Pittsburg. (Naut. XII, p. 138, 1899.) Rhoads, 8S. N.—A Glimpse at the Shell Fauna of Delaware. (Naut. XVIII, p. 66, 1904.) Sampson, F. A.—Notes on the Distribution of Shells. (Kansas City Rec. of Sci. VI, p. 22.) Sampson, F. A.—The Shells of Pettis County, Missouri, (Bull. No. 1, Sedalia Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 10, 1885.) Sampson, F. A.—A Preliminary List of the Mollusca of Arkansas. (Ann. Rep. Geol. Sur. of Ark. II, p. 186, 1893.) THE NAUTILUS. 31 Sargent, H. E.—Annotated List of the Mollusca found in the vicinity of Clearwater, Wright Co., Minn, (Naut. IX, p. 127, 1896.) Say, Thomas.—Nich. Encyce., ist Ed., 1817. Singley, J. A.—Texas Mollusca. (4th Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey of Texas, p. 314, 1892.) Smith, Maxwell.—Shells of Richfield Springs, N. Y., and vicinity. (Naut. XX, p. 91, 1906.) Smith, S., & Prime, T.—Report on the Mollusca of Long Island, N. Y., and its dependencies. (Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. IX, p. 402, 1870.) Squyer, Homer.—List of Shells from the vicinity of Mingusville, Montana. (Naut. VIII, p. 64, 1894.) Stearns, R. E. C.—Observations on Planorbis. (Proc. P. A. NGS. 26515 p- 101.) Stearns, R. E. C.—Notes and Comments on the Distribution of Planorbis (Helisosma) bicarinatus. (West. Am. Scientist, 1889, p- 110.) Stearns, R. E. C.—List of Shells collected by Vernon Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minn. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXII, pp. 135-8.) Sterki, V.—List of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Tus- cawarus County, Ohio. (18th Ann. Rep. Ohio St. Acad. Sci., p. 6.) Strecker, J. K., Jr—The Mollusca of McLennan County, Texas. (Naut. XXII, p. 65, 1908.) Stupakoff, S. H.—Land and Fresh-water Shells of Allegheny County, Pa. (Naut. VII, p. 135, 1894.) Taylor and Shiverick.—Catalogue of Shells found in and near the County of Bristol, Mass., 1840 ?. Tryon, G. W., Jr.—Notes on Mollusca collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska. (Am. J. of Con. IV, p. 151, 1868.) Tufts, Samuel, Jr.—A List of Shells collected at Swampscot, Lynn and vicinity. (Proc. Essex Inst. I, p. 30, 1856.) Walton, John,—The Mollusca of Monroe County, N. Y. (Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. II, p. 18, 1892.) Walker, R. D., & Coolidge, W. H., Jr.—Mollusea of Keene, New Hampshire. (Naut. XXII, p. 32, 1908.) Whiteaves, J. F.—List of Land and Fresh-water Shells from the District of Keewatin. (Rep. Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1905, p. 6.) 32 THE NAUTILUS. Whiteaves, J. F.—List of some Fresh-water Shells from North- western Ontario and Keewatin. (Ottawa Nat. XX, pp. 31-2, 1906.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE I, All the figures are x 2, except Fig. 10, which is x 3. Fig. 1. P. bicarinatus aroostookensis Pils. Collins’ Mill Pond, Me. Fig. 2. P. bicarinatus aroostookensis (topotype). Salmon Brook, Me. Fig. 3. P. bicarinatus Say (typical). Delaware River, Phil- lipsburg, N. J. Figs. 4 and 5. P. bicarinatus angistomus Hald. Independence Lake, Washtenaw Co., Mich. Figs. 6-8. P. bicarinatus unicarinatus Hald (type). Schuyl- kill River, Pa. Fig. 9. P. bicarinatus portagensis Baker (cotype). Portage Lake, Me. Fig. 10. P. bicarinatus corrugatus Currier (type). Perch Lake, Kent Co., Mich. Fig. 11. P. bicarinatus royalensis Walker (type). Siskowit Lake, Isle Royale, Mich. Fig. 12. P. bicarinatus percarinatus Walker (type). Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich. NOTES. AN INTERNAL SEPTUM IN HOLOsPIRA BARTSCHI.—In a specimen of this snail cut open there is a vertical septum across the cavity at about the middle of the eighth whorl. It is concave on the lower side, as in many Urocoptide. To abandon the early whorls is very common in Antillean and the larger Mexican forms but has not be- fore been noticed in Holospira. The internal column in H. bartscht is very nearly one-third the diameter of the shell at the widest part, but it decreases to about one-fourth in the penultimate whorl.— H. A. Pirspry. ee eee — SF \ THE’ NAUTILUS: Vou. XXIII. JULY, 1909. No. 8. A BPBRING COLLECTING TRIP. Notes on New England Nudibranchs II. BY FRANCIS N. BALCH. In a recent number of the ‘‘ Nautilus’?! I recorded two occur- rences of nudibranchs at Cohasset, Mass., indicating marked local condensation of the partly grown Kolid population during the time of a supposed autumn migration of the year’s brood to deeper waters. The condensation of adults at the breeding season is of quite a different order and much more familiar. The supposition is that the year’s adults migrate from deep water to the shore, there to spend a brief mating season, spawn, and (for the most part) die. It is well known that early spring is the breeding season for most of the species, while others appear to select late autumn or winter—facts which go far to explain our woeful ignorance of this group in this country. At times, in other countries, these mating forms have been found abundant and gregarious to such an extent as to justify the expression ‘‘ swarming "’ for the habit.’ 1Vol. xxii, No. 2, June, 1908, pp. 13-16. ‘Two interesting New England Nudibranch Records.” The sub-title ‘‘ Notes on New England Nudibranchs. I.” was accidentally omitted by the printer. P. 15, top line, after word ‘‘and” insert “T.’’ For other errata see Nautilus, xxii, No. 6, Oct., 1908, p. 60. 2] use the term “swarming’’ in this paper to indicate a distinct gathering together, in relatively great abundance, for breeding. Eliot (‘‘On some Nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar.” Pt. V.; P.Z.S., 1904, ii, p. 87) furnishes a description of such a ‘‘swarming” of 7revelyana crocea, 34 THE NAUTILUS. From April 26 to 30, 1908, I was able to devote a short vacation exclusively to a minute examination, as exhaustive as time permit- ted, of the nudibranch life on two short stretches of coast suitable for breeding Eolid nudibranchs. The first was a stretch of granite ledges and piles of broken boulders at Rocky Neck, in Gloucester Harbor; the second a stretch of granite ledges at Brace’s Cove, on the outer (eastern) side of Eastern Point, Gloucester, Mass. The localities were quite unlike in biological character, though resembling each other as shore formations. The Rocky Neck locality was bathed by the comparatively warm and still waters of the harbor, thick with larvae, eggs, spores and organic débris of all kinds. In- numerable small and rather deep pools among the broken boulders, thickly hung and often completely choked with fuci, sheltered abundant animal life, including Metr¢dium and hydroids. The Brace’s Cove locality was pounded by the eternal surf of the open Atlantic, and the water was noticeably colder and crystal-clear. The pools on the massive ledges were much larger, shallower and more open. Corralines were abundant, hydroids and Metridium much fewer. a Polycerid from Zanzibar, as follows: ‘“* * * this form provided a most strik- ing case of the migration of molluscs in flocks to shallow water for the deposi- tion of spawn. Buta few specimens were collected before a certain period of a few days’ duration, when the sand of Chuaka Bay just below low-tide mark was occupied by astonishing numbers * * *, These were not washed up by accident, but were all actively crawling on the sand among the weeds, etc. Many were in cottu, and when placed in basins of sea-water most of the speci- mens were soon engaged in copulation or the deposition of yellow egg-ribbons, By-and-by the swarm disappeared to some unknown permanent habitat. If this were in the deeper channels of the bay (1 to 2 fathoms deep at low tide) they must have been found there by dredging. As this was not the case it seems most probable that the migrations of these tiny animals extend to and from the deep sea three or more miles away.” One may be permitted to guess that the “unknown permanent habitat” to which “the swarm disappeared” was that bourne from which no traveler returns! Quite probably the form may be found to be strictly annual with little or no overlap of generations, as I believe is the case with various of our own forms. Either the young escape observation till just about the breeding season (possibly making a very sudden and rapid growth at that time which may be marked by a change in food supply) or else, and more probably, the young straggle back to deep water as they grow stronger, but while still small, and, there attaining their growth, make a sudden descent (or ascent!) upon the shore en masse at the next call of the breeding impulse. THE NAUTILUS. 35 No temperatures were taken, for on the face of it the temperature was not the controlling factor at that time and place, the same forms and spawn occurring indifferently in shallow, sun-warmed pools pleasant to the hands, and in deep, unsunned crevices at extreme low tide when one’s breath condensed in clouds over the numbing water. This is not to say that temperature may not be the control- ling factor in the initiation of the migration impulse or even in the actual deposition of spawn, which latter may perhaps always take place at high water when the temperature conditions of the pools would be equalized. The section worked at Rocky Neck did not exceed 300 yards in length, and at Brace’s Cove about 200. Three days were given to the former and one to the latter. Every day-light tide was worked industriously, and attention was wholly concentrated on nudibranchs. The ** census ”’ was as follows: Coryphella rufibranchialis mananensis (Stimps.),’ typical, 48 speci- mens collected and about 30 more seen—total, say 75. All but 6 at Rocky Neck. All well-grown, if not fully adult, except three or four apparently about half-grown. Coryphella rufibranchialis chocolata var. nov. Externally not separable by me from the foregoing except by the color of the cores of the cerata and of the body, which is a true chocolate-brown, dark for the cerata, light for the body, as contrasted with the varied reds (varying from pink to ginger, salmon and scarlet) of the typical form. The dentition and internal anatomy have not yet been examined, but as there is undoubtedly intergrading in the color, no very dis- tinctive character should be anticipated. I have seen this form before, but never more than one or two specimens ata time. Asa mere color variety (and for all we actually know, a mere physiological phase) it may be thought not worth a name. At the same time the intergrades are few and the series incomplete; and the chocolate forms, in life, occurred markedly segregated from the others. It is at least possible to point out a tangible character by which it differs from typical mananensis, which no one has yet done for the differen- tiation of mananensis from rufibranchialis. Should mananensis prove 1So called by me for the present in the provisional belief that Stimpson’s form—if separable at all, which I doubt—is only a variety of the European form. Our knowledge, and consequently the nomenclature, of the group of red-gilled Eolids on this coast is in deplorable condition. 36 THE NAUTILUS. a complete synonym (as Gould thought it), or a variety (as I con- sider it), then chocolata should be written as above; but if mananensis is a valid species (as Professor Verrill holds), then chocolata may be written as its variety pending further knowledge. Ten specimens collected, all at Rocky Neck. Aeolidiella papillosa (L.). It is a question whether our American form may not be as well worth a varietal name as our form of Cory- phella rufibranchialis. Both species are, in European waters, noted for their variability, and have enormous synonymies. I think it much the same sort of question as that whether it is worth while to distinguish our form of Purpura lapillus—doubtless it is extremely close to the European form, and no one has yet pointed out a con- stant diagnostic difference, yet an American lot could hardly be confused with a European lot. Our form of the present species, in my experience, runs shorter, stouter, pinker and less variegated than the European form, as shown by the numerous and excellent figures accessible. No diagnostic character has been found in the dentition. Eight specimens collected, of which four at each locality; one a giant of 9 cm., one of an ordinary full adult size of about 6 cm., three smaller adults of 4-5 em., and one young of about 1