toma&Ll Cdvbon^ r ap&hA
A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART III (1887-1898)
Thomas E. Jeffrey Microfilm Editor
Gregory Field Theresa M. Collins David W. Hutchings Lisa Gitelman Leonard DeGraaf Dennis D. Madden
Mary Arm Hellrigel Paul B. Israel Robert A. Rosenberg Karen A. Detig Gregory Jankunis Douglas G. Tarr
Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor
Sponsors
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution
University Publications of America Bethesda, Maryland
THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS
Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor
Thomas E. Jeffrey Associate Director and Microfilm Editor
Robert A. Rosenberg Managing Editor, Book Edition
Helen Endlck
Assistant Director for Administration
Associate Editor
Paul B. Israel
Research Associates Theresa M. Collins David W. Hutchings Karen A. Detig
Assistant Editors Keith A. Nicr Gregory Field Lisa Gitelman Martha J. King
Secretary
Grace Kurkowskl
Gregory Jankunis
Student Assistant Bethany Jankunis
BOARD OF SPONSORS
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Francis L. Lawrence Joseph J. Seneca Richard F. Foley Rudolph M. Bell
New Jersey Historical Commissic Howard L. Green
National Park Service John Maounis Maryanne Gerbauckas Nancy Waters George Tselos Smithsonian Institution Bernard Finn Arthur P. Molella
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Harvard University Neil Harris, University of Chicago Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Arthur Link, Princeton University Nathan Reingold, Smithsonian Institution Robert E. Schofield, Iowa State University
CORPORATE ASSOCIATES
William C. Hittinger (Chairman), RCA Corporation Edward J. Bloustein, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey * Cues Bruynes, North American Philips Corporation Paul J. Christiansen, Charles Edison Fund Philip F. Dietz, Westinghouse Electric Corporation Roland W. Schmitt, General Electric Corporation Harold W. Sonn, Public Service Electric and Gas Company Morris Tanenbaum, AT&T
‘Deceased.
FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund The Hyde and Watson Foundation Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS
National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
Alabama Power Company Amerada Hess Corporation Anonymous AT&T
Atlantic Electric
Association of Edison Illuminating Companies, Inc.
Battelle Memorial Institute The Boston Edison Foundation Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc. Carolina Power & Light Company Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.
Consumers Power Company Coming Glass Works Foundation Duke Power Company Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric Systems)
Exxon Corporation Florida Power & Light Company General Electric Foundation Gould Inc. Foundation Gulf States Utilities Company Idaho Power Company International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
Iowa Power and Light Company
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Kata Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. McGraw-Edison Company Minnesota Power New Jersey Bell New York State Electric & Gas Corporation
North American Philips Corporation
Philips International B.V.
Public Service Electric and Gas Company RCA Corporation Robert Bosch GmbH Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation
San Diego Gas & Electric Savannah Electric and Power Company Schering-Plough Foundation Texas Utilities Company Thomas & Betts Corporation Thomson Grand Public Transamerica Delaval Inc. Westinghouse Educational Foundation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
A Note on the Sources
The pages which have been filmed are the best copies available. Every technical effort possible has been made to ensure legibility.
PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS
Rssl duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited. In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected items contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate research.
PRIMARY PRINTED SERIES
This collection contains printed documents that were issued by the various Edison companies. Included are official reports, instruction manuals, lists of equipment and devices, price lists, reprints of scholarly papers, and promotional brochures. The documents are organized into three groups: electric . light companies; phonograph companies; and other domestic companies. Within the electric light and phonograph groups, materials pertaining to domestic and local companies precede those relating to foreign companies.
In addition to the unbound materials, there are two bound volumes of pamphlets for the period 1887-1898. One volume, whose spine is stamped "Instructions for Operating the Edison System of Central Station Lighting" and "J. H. Vail N.Y. City" contains instructional brochures collected by Jonathan H. Vail. An inscription by Vail on the flyleaf, dated January 1915, notes that "this book is the only copy in existence of instructions for building, and operating, the Edison Electric Light Stations." All but three of the items in this volume have been filmed. The second volume, whose spine is stamped "Edison Electric Phamphlet," contains promotional and instructional brochures issued by the Edison Electric Light Co. and several other Edison companies. Seven items from this volume have been filmed.
Some of Edison’s companies also issued serial publications. One of the earliest was the Phonogram, which began publication in January 1891 with Virginia H. McRae as its business manager. The journal characterized itself as "the official organ of the Phonograph Companies of the United States." Though not technically an Edison company publication, it offered news, feature stories, and promotional material about Edison and his products. The Edison National Historic Site holds an incomplete run of this journal. The first extant issue, dated June 1892, has been filmed as a sample.
The following categories of documents have not been filmed: items issued by local electric light and phonograph companies, by foreign electric light companies, and by other companies (such as General Electric Co. during the late 1890s) in which Edison was not directly involved; pamphlets and circulars that are entirely promotional in character; items that duplicate the information in selected documents.
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC
Edison Electric Light Company
"To the Agents of the Edison Electric Light Co." 1887. 16 pp.
"A Warning from the Edison Electric Light Co." [regarding alternating current]. 1887. 83 pp.
"Report ... to the Stockholders." 1887. 29 pp.
"Report ... to the Stockholders." 1888. 21 pp.
Jenks, William J. "Edison Chemical Meter." 1888. 38 pp.
"Paris Universal Exposition of 1889. The Edison Incandescent Light." 1889. 36 pp. [Photocopy; original too fragile to film.]
Edison General Electric Company
Announcement of formation. 1889. 2 pp.
"Descriptive Circular #2. Edison Pressure Indicator." 1890. 4 pp. "Catalog ‘E’ and Price List." 1890. 34 pp.
"Facts About Electric Stationary Motors." ca. 1890. 48 pp.
"Catalogue No. 14" [lamp fixtures]. 1890. 30 pp. [not filmed].
"Railway Lamps. Incandescent Electric Lamps Manufactured ... for Use on Electric Railway and Other Power Circuits." 1890. 4 pp. [not filmed].
Edison Machine Works
"Price List. Edison Dynamo Electric Machines." 1889. 4 pp.
Edison United Manufacturing Company
"Edison Central Stations." ca. 1887. 19 pp.
"List of Edison Plants." 1888. 46 pp.
"Points of Interest for Hotel Proprietors." 1888. 8 pp.
"The Deadly Parallel: The Difference between Continuous and AT T. Systems of Alternating Currents." 1889. 1 p.
General Electric Company
"First Annual Report." 1893. 11 pp.
"General Data on Thomson Recording Wattmeter." 1898. 42 pp. (includes 3 pages of drawings found in book) [not filmed].
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - LOCAL [NOT FILMED]
Association of Edison Illuminating Companies
"Minutes of Semi-Annual Meeting." 1888. 130 pp.
"Minutes of Sixth Annual Meeting." 1890. 67 pp.
[Edison National Historic Site Library has a set of bound minutes.]
Columbus Edison Electric Light Company
"Motors on the Edison System." 1888. 4 pp.
Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Boston "Report ... to the Stockholders." 1888. 8 pp.
Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Brooklyn
Field, Charles J. "Latest Developments in Edison Central Station Practice at Brooklyn, N.Y." 1889. 19 pp.
Wetzler, Joseph. "Its Development and Its Present and Future Work," 1898. 27 pp. [Reprinted from Electrical Engineer .]
Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York
Annual Reports for 1889 [11 pp.], 1890 [19 pp.], 1894 [23 pp.], 1895 [32 pp.], 1896 [22 pp.], 1897 [27 pp.].
Edison Electric Light Company of Philadelphia
"A Conversation with a Lady" [promotional pamphlet]. 1889. 23 pp. "Edison. Safety, Health, Convenience." 1889. 27 pp.
"Electric Motors." 1889. 27 pp. [variant of above pamphlet].
"The Edison Electric Light Go. of Philadelphia." n.d. 8 pp. [two versions].
"From Cimmerian Darkness to Refulgent Light" [promotional pamphlet]. n.d. 16 pp.
"Edison." n.d. 1 p.
Leonard & Izard [Chicago agents for Edison Electric Light Co. and Edison United Manufacturing Co.]
"The Edison Light." 1888. 32 pp.
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES ■ FOREIGN
Australasian Electric Light, Power, and Storage Company, Ltd. [not filmed] Report of General Meeting. 1888. 1 p. [Reprinted from Money.] "Report ... to the Shareholders." 1888. 3 pp.
"To the Shareholders." 1889. 3 pp.
"To the Shareholders . . . Reconstruction." 1889. 2 pp.
Edison & Swan United Electric Light Company, Ltd.
"Fifth Annual Report." 1888. 3 pp.
[Sixth Annual Report. 1889. See D-89-42, Document File Series.] "Eighth Annual Report." 1891. 3 pp.
"Ninth Annual Report." 1892. 3 pp.
"Report of . . . Ninth Annual General Meeting." 1892. 14 pp.
"Report of . . . Tenth Annual General Meeting." 1893. 15 pp.
"The Electric Light at the Adelphi Theater." 1888. 2 pp. [not filmed]. "Tenth Annual Report." 1893. 3 pp. [Not filmed; original is damaged and fragile.]
Sociedad Anonima de Alumbrado por la Luz Electrica Edison [Buenos Aires]
"Estatutos." 1888. 16 pp. [not filmed].
PHONOGRAPH COMPANIES ■ DOMESTIC Edison Phonograph Works
"To the Companies Using the Edison Phonograph." 1889. 3 pp. "Inspector’s Handbook of the Phonograph." 1889. 75 pp. [very tightly bound].
"Catalogue of Musical Records." 1892. 9 pp.
National Phonograph Company
"Price List of Parts of Edison Phonographs." 1897. 15 pp.
"Edison Phonographs, Outfits, and Supplies." ca. 1898. 24 pp.
"Edison Automatic Nickel-In-The-Slot Phonograph and New Home Phonograph." ca. 1897. 3 pp. [not filmed]
North American Phonograph Company Catalogs, Price Lists, Promotional Literature
"Price List of Supplies." 1889. 1 p.
"Illustrated Catalogue of Parts of the Phonograph." 1889. 27 pp.
"Subscription for North American Phonograph Stock." 1890. 2 pp.
"Catalogue of Musical Phonograms." 1890. 3 pp. [photocopy; original stolen].
"Edison’s Phonograph. Testimonials." 1892. 40 pp.
Introductoiy Catalog, ca. 1892. 15 pp.
"List Prices of Phonographs and Class ‘M’ Parts." 1893. 1 p. [photocopy; original not found].
"The Edison Phonograph as the Ideal Means of Home Entertainment" [catalog and price list]. 1893. 13 pp.
"New Records." 1893. 4 pp.
"The Edison Phonograph As the Ideal Amanuensis for Office Use" [catalog and price list], ca. 1893. 24 pp.
"Do You Wish to Economize?" 1893. 2 pp.
"Education Instruction." ca. 1893. 16 pp.
Circular regarding church use of phonograph, ca. 1893. 2 pp. [mimeograph copy].
Circular regarding nickel-in-slot phonograph, ca. 1893. 2 pp. [mimeograph copy].
"The ‘Nickel-in-the-Slot’ Phonograph." ca. 1893. 1 p. [photocopy; original not found].
"The Phonograph and Phonograph-Graphophone." 1888. 24 pp. [not filmed].
"To the Phonograph Companies." 1890. 2 pp. [not filmed].
"Languages by Phonograph." 1892. 15 pp. [not filmed].
"Catalogue ‘B.’ The Edison Phonograph and Supplies" 1893. 19 pp.
[not filmed].
"Souvenir" [promotional brochure], ca. 1893. 2 pp. [not filmed].
North American Phonograph Company Instructional Material
"Edison’s Improved Phonograph. Directions for Using the New Spectacle." 1889. 1 p. [two versions].
Additional directions and suggestions for operating the phonograph. 1889.3 pp.
"Directions for Using Edison’s Improved Phonograph." ca. 1889. 2 pp. [mimeograph copy].
"Directions for Using Edison’s Improved Phonograph." ca. 1889. 1 p. "Directions for Setting Up Battery." ca. 1889. 1 p.
"To the Managers and Inspectors of the Phonograph Companies."
1890. 4 pp. ~
"Directions for Using the Edison Phonograph, Water Motor Pattern." 1890. 3 pp.
"Directions for Adjusting Water Motor Phonograph to Any Pressure." ca. 1890. 1 p.
"Directions for Operating the Phonograph." n.d. 1 p.
"Directions for Using the New Type Edison Phonograph." n.d. 2 pp. Directions "For Paring Cylinders." n.d. 1 p.
United States Phonograph Company
"Catalogue of Standard Records." ca. 1895-1898. 97 pp.
"Price List of Edison Phonographs, Phonograph Outfits, Motors, Parts and Supplies." ca. 1895-1898. 36 pp.
"Fifth Supplemental Record Bulletin." ca. 1896-1898. 8 pp. [damaged and discolored by tape].
PHONOGRAPH COMPANIES - LOCAL [NOT FILMED]
Chicago Central Phonograph Company Circular, ca. 1889. 3 pp.
Circular containing extracts from Edison’s article, "The Perfected Phonograph." ca. 1889. 4 pp.
Columbia Phonograph Company "Trade Discounts." 1898. 2 pp.
Eastern Pennsylvania Phonograph Co. [Nebraska Phonograph Co.]
"The Phonograph and the Linotype Machine." n.d. 1 p. [signed by the manager of the Eastern Pennsylvania company and by the president of the Nebraska company].
Metropolitan Phonograph Company
"Preliminaiy Prospectus." 1888. 24 pp.
"Phonographs and Phonograph-Graphophones." 1889. 32 pp.
Michigan Phonograph Company
"The Perfected Phonograph." n.d. 16 pp.
Missouri Phonograph Company
"Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws." 1889. 14 pp.
New England Phonograph Company
"Preliminary Prospectus." 1888. 27 pp.
New Jersey Phonograph Company
"Directions for Using the (Motor) Phonograph." ca. 1889. 1 p. "Directions for Using the Phonograph-Graphophone." ca. 1889. 1 p. [typescript].
New York Phonograph Company
"List of Musical Cylinders." ca. 1890. 3 pp.
Notice of Stockholders’ Meeting. 1893. 1 p.
Ohio Phonograph Company
Edison Phonographic News. March/April 1895.
Edison Phonographic News. July/August 1896 [photocopy; original not found].
PHONOGRAPH COMPANIES - FOREIGN
Edison-Bell Consolidated Phonograph Company, Ltd.
"The 20th Century Phonograph." ca. 1895-1900. 1 p.
Names and Addresses of Subscribers. 1898. 1 p. [fragment].
Edison-Bell Phonograph Corporation, Ltd.
"Report of the Directors." 1895. 3 pp.
"Proceedings at the Second . . . General Meeting." 1895. 3 pp.
Edison United Phonograph Company
"Edison British Automatic-Phonograph Syndicate. Managers . . . Directors, Officers." ca. 1891. 2 pp.
Edisonia, Ltd., London
"Price List. Phonographs, Graphophones, Records, Supplies." 1898. 16 pp. [reprint].
Frazar & Company
"General Directions for Operating the Edison Phonograph." 1889.
3 pp.
Graphophone Syndicate, Ltd.
"Prospectus." 1889. 3 pp.
Young, J. Lewis
"Perpetual Pleasure." ca. 1894. 8 pp.
OTHER COMPANIES - DOMESTIC
Bates Manufacturing Company [not filmed]
"Bates Automatic Numbering Machines." 1897. 24 pp.
Dick (A. B.) Company
"The Edison Mimeograph." ca. 1889. 4 pp.
Revised Price List. 1890. 1 p.
Advertising circulars [5 items], n.d. 1 p. each [not filmed].
Edison Manufacturing Company
"Price List of the Phonograph Batteiy." 1889. 16 pp. "Edison-Lalande Batteiy. Telephone Catalogue." 1891. 15 pp. Directions for setting up and using Edison-Lalande batteries and accessories [6 items], n.d. 1-4 pp. each.
"Edison Batteiy Fan Motors." ca. 1894. 3 pp. [not filmed]. "Catalogue of Edison-Lalande Batteries, Edison Motors and Fan
Outfits, Edison Projecting Kinetoscopes _ " 1897. 28 pp.;
1898. 68 pp. [Not filmed; the 1898 catalog was microfilmed in Thomas A. Edison Papers: Motion Picture Catalogs .]
"Edison Batteiy Motor Outfits for Dental Work." n.d. 2 pp Tnot filmed]. 1
Advertising circulars [3 items]. n.d. 1 p. each [not filmed].
Edison Ore-Milling Syndicate, Ltd.
"Report of Proceedings at the First General (or Statutoiy) Meeting." 1898. 18 pp.
Edison Phonoplex System
"Edison Phonoplex System of Telegraphy." 1890. 29 pp.
"Operator’s Guide" n.d. 16 pp.
"Edison Phonoplex System of Telegraphy." 1892 [38 pp.], 1899 [40 pp.] [not filmed].
Maguire and Baucus, Ltd.
"Edison Projecting-Kinetoscope ‘97’ Model." 1897. 5 pp.
Sims-Edison Torpedo Company [not filmed]
"Torpille Electrique Sims-Edison" [French-language account of experiments at Havre]. 1891. 15 pp.
Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company Treasurer’s Report. 1887. 2 pp.
"Report of the Board of Trustees." 1889. 15 pp.
Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gesellschaft, Berlin. "Elektrische Eisenbahn." 1889. 4 pp. [not filmed].
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY
TO THE AGENTS
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
A WARNING
FROM THE
Edison Electric Light Co.
from the
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
WHILE this Company has persisted in and will continue its policy of declining to be drawn into a controversy in the public prints upon matters which are the subject of litigation in the proper Courts of Law, it is nevertheless compelled at intervals to rec¬ ognize, as an obligation to the general public, the neces¬ sity of restating a few facts which it is the constant effort of interested parties first to befog and then to deny.
The latest, most audacious and persistent effort in this direction is being made by the Consolidated Electric Light Company, at the instance of its new partners Mr. George Westingiiouse, Jr., and The Thomson-Houston Electric Company. The mis¬ statements and misrepresentations put forth by these companies constitute our present apology for re¬ calling the attention of the public to a card issued by us under date of May 24th, 1885, and supplementing the same by a few additional “cautions ” which become applicable to the present situation by virtue of the injection therein, of additional sophistries designed to
-» _ A WARNING FROM THE
■confuse the minds of those who are only just now inquiring into the subject of Incandescent Electric Lighting.
By way of further preface to the card and remarks to follow, it may be observed that a consolidation of ownership of patents which are, of themselves, intrin¬ sically worthless, does not add to their legal status or value nor to their commercial value. They are still intrinsically worthless and must continue so to be, though alleged millions of money and reckless audacity be massed behind them, save and except only to the extent that such a formidable phalanx may inspire the hope that the law may be evaded, and the rich infractor of the law may go unpunished whilst the poor man suf-
To this hope, however, and by way of parenthesis, we give notice that in the instance in question the law !S w^h those who are as abundantly able to command' its protection as the others are to circumvent it The following is a copy of the card referred to :
New York, May 24th, 1886. THE EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.,
ns Ion!™?180'*'' El'EaTmC Oompany hereby gives „„,,co to tho pahHc,
of Me. Thomas A.Eo,8qh, prop„ly „f
.ny having hogun suits at law for tho
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. 5
enforcement of its rights under tlieso patents will not relax in their vigorous prosecution.
Third. That tho Edison Company is prepared to fully guarantee and protect all its customers, and to prosecute and punish to tho full extent of the law, all makers, sellers or users of incandescent lamps not duly authorized by U.
Tho late attempt to establish for the Sawyer-Man patent, just issued, a fundamental character is made upon wholly superficial ground, and will not bear tho test of doso analytical examination. Edison’s patent of January 27, 1880, applied for at tho time of his great discovery, covers broadly all tho elements of that discovery, and is, thoreforo, fundamental and controlling. Tho Sawyer-Man patent, constructed in tho light of tho knowledge of 1885, but having for its foundation unsuccessful laboratory experiments, only covers certain details of manufacture of carbons, as for instance, paper and tlio specific genus of material to which it belongs, and is therefore secondary and subordinate. Tho claim that the Sawyer-Man patent is fundamental, simply bccauso tho narrow and valueless claim to the use of paper has been illegally and without notice to Edison broadened to a claim for all fibrous material, carries its own condemnation. If anything moro is necessary to demolish it, it may bo stated that' Edison, Swan, and others have already used material absolutely non-flbrous In preference to a material, tho cluim for which Ib now held to control tho construction of a practical lamp. The public have noth¬ ing to fear from tho use of tho lamp as supplied by tho original inventor and
fundamental patent for a “ filament of carbon” if unauthorized by the Edison Company.
THE EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY,
By Edward H. Johnson, Vice-President.
In his report to liis stockholders (“ Pittsburgh Despatch,” Nov. 26, 1887) Mr. George Westinghouso, Jr., makes a deliberate misrep¬ resentation concerning the above mentioned Sawyer-Man patent, in the following words :
“ Tho incandescent lamp In its present commercial form is a modern invon- “ tion, tlic title of which for a period of several years was fiercely contended 11 for in the Patent Ofllco by Thomas A. Edison and Messrs. Bawycr and Man.”
This is absolutely untrue. Tho patont which covers the incan- descont lamp, in its present commercial form, is the filament patent granted to Mr. Edison, which was not drawn into the controversy at all.
A WARNING FROM THE
Sir. AVcstinghouso also says :
„ m," 1,10 mc“nw,lHc. Um Saivycr-Man Invention was imtcntcil In
This statement is falso in every particular, the faet being that the Edison Company in England brought suit on Mr. Edison’s filament patent and sustained it and thereby obtained n monopoly.
The method or improvement claim to which Mr. Wcstingbouso alludes was never the subject-matter of an interference between Edison and Sawyer-Man in the U. S. Patent Office. It was not bought by the English Edison Company but by the English Swan mpitny— then an entirely separate organization-and became the I-IO! city of the English Edison-Swan Co., only by virtue of the eon- Bohdafaon of those two interests. It was, among other patents, made be subject of a smt in the English Oiurts and together with Edi- sons fundamental filament patent was sustained. The English Co. owovor, not thereby and in consequence of it obtain its monop- efiy , that monopoly ,t obtained directly and solely in consequence of the decision sustaimng the fundamental Edison filament patent In comp etc corroboration of this statement we have the L that the so-called fundamental Sawyer-Man method is not even used by Edison in the manufacture of his incandescent lamp whereas it l
wUhZt C°nStrUCt anV lamP ol commercial utility ivithont employing Edison's filament of carbon
SUFFICIENCY OF PENDING SUITS.
° EdU,°n 0dbW have boon vigorously
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. 7
pushing on its lamp patents for nearly threo years, and on its three-wire patents for ovor a year (which was about the date of their first infringement), do not control the question of in¬ fringement of those patents by the consolidated concern, and that the question of such infringoinont can bo determined only by separato suits against them, and that they are eager to have suoh suits brought In point of fact a decision in any of our pending suits against one infringer will practically be a decision against all, the law itself affording summary remedies to enforce the decision wherever it will apply as soon as it is granted. As tho trial of an important patont suit easily involves a . cost of one, two, or more hundred thousand dollars, the impossibility of instituting and pressing exactly parallel suits in each separate case of infringement, or against each soparnte infringer, can be readily understood! furthermore, tho practice and comity of tho Federal Courts obviate all neceBsily of such a course. Tho Thomson-Houston Company, therefore, in ask¬ ing us to institute now suits against them on the questions involved in our previous suits against other infringers, or tho Consolidated Company, in bringing a suit against tho Cumberland Edison Company, aro not oxposing themselves to any now risk or asking us to do anything more than we were already practi¬ cally doing. Their motives are doubtless to create the false impression that they are not, for all practical purposes, included in our pending litigation, and that they aro eager to have separate now suits brought, in order to facilitate the reaching of a decision on tho questions at issue. They apparently would also have tho public infer that tho questions at issuo aro different or less supportable than those at issuo with tho other infringers. In point of fnct they are identical. Tho Edison Company is litigating on fundamental patonts, and a decision in ono case and against ono in¬ fringer will, as stated already, determine its rights against all. Honco tho more multiplication of suits can sorvo no purpose other than to weakon our position by diffusing our strength, whioh is doubtless a part of their programme.
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. 9
CAUTION 1.
PATENTS.
Incandescent electric lighting throughout the world is founded upon the inventions of Mr. Thomas A. Edison, to whom patents wore granted therefor in all patent granting countries of the world. One of these inventions is broadly claimed in the TJ. S. Patent Ho. 223,898, dated January 27th, 1880, application filed November 4, 1879, in the following words:
“ An electric lamp for giving light by incandescence consisting “ of a filament of carbon of high resistance, made as de- “ scribed and secured to metallic wires as set forth ” (see Appendix B).
A WARNING FROM THE
of non-flbroua material-* material, by tlio way, from which hundreds of thousands of commercial lamps have already boon made. Tho “combination" would bo unable to use tho fundamental flla- ment at all, and therefore would possess, oven if thoir claim were maintained, merely a subordinate improvement, under which they could make no lamp.
Thus wo see that, in any event, Edison possesses tho key¬ stone, but it is of equal importance to jiofe tfte/acf that the entire avch was his invention and that it is secured to tho Edison Company by a patent ns broad and compi el 01 sivo s was over issued by tho Eat ont Office of the United States. AVo refer to tho patent which protects his system of electrical distribution (see Appendix D) Those familiar with tho history of tho invention will readily re- call tho furor created by Edison’s announcement, not that he had discovered how to obtain electric light by incmidesconco (that was old), but that ho had succeeded in sub-dividing the electric “.'5 application of incandescence. True the practical application involved a now departure in incandescent lamps, viz.: A filament or thread of carbon of high resistance, which
“‘wuiucscont Jump, but tlio filament lam P"o..gk an essential part-ot the whole problem c subdivision. It will bo remembered that tho above announcement ^eivedvrithimpbeitfoithby the great body of the la
I'"" Kl*“ mi'll mZZ
« “• (». App-a, i
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. II
which period tho sevoral principles and methods enunciated and olaimod in tho patent have come to bo established ns fundamental and controlling, to suoh an extent as to extort an outcry against the patent on the y round of its very comprehensiveness. The fact that its claims wore drawn seven years ago when their mean¬ ing and value was known and realized only by the inventor is now overlooked, but the very phraseology of tho patent itself discloses and emphasizes its or iginal and historic character, and carries con¬ viction as to its canity. Its legality will bo taken care of by this company in duo courso (see Appendix A).
This patent, therefore, constitutes tho arch and the filament patent tho hey stone of tho industry of incandescent electric lighting. Both the arch and tho heystone must be declared public prop¬ erty by tho courts ere Mr. Edison can be safely doprived of his just right to that reward for his great services, which is tho object and motive of a patent.
Tho industry offered to tho public by the Edison Company does not therefore depend upon a single issue j for quite apart from tho filament patent, tho ontorprise is abundantly protected by tho “ system" patent j and quite apart from either or both of these, the detail patents owned by this company, numbering some hundreds, and all bearing date as of the pioneer epoch, suffice to debar others from a free appropriation of our property. Tho system patent in question is No. 3G9.280, dnted Aug. 80, 1887, application filed Eeb. fl, 1880 (see Appendix D).
Numorous other patents forming tho subject matter of some hun¬ dred and odd suits now ponding, likewise and additionally hedge about and protect tho industry of incandescent electric lighting (see Appendix F).
Both the seller and tho purchaser of incandescent electrio lamps, apparatus, or systems of electrio distribution for incandescent lighting, are hereby admonished and warned that they become subject to, and will bo held in damages for, all violations of any of the above patents. Such result has been achieved and damages been
A WARNING FROM THE
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
awarded to Mi'. Edison in Europe* ns tlioy most certainly -will bo in this country, when tho law’s delays shall hnvo boon finally overcome (see Appendix G).
VALIDITY DP PATENTS.
CAUTION 2.
FUTILITY DP GUARANTEES.
The position taken by the infringers of tho Edison Company’s lamp patents is founded upon the assumption that those patents havo mot with a premature death by virtue of the supposed oxpirntion of foreign patents ; that this position is a fallacious one and lias no foundation in fact, wo not only most emphatically assort but pre¬ sent in support of our assertion tho following opinion of most omi-
mir request wo hnvo care- tent of the United States owned I>y your Company mid issued upon tho inventions of Mi-. Thomas A. Edison, relating to incandescent electric lamps, with tho view of ndrislng you ns to whether such patents are limited or nilectcd by foreign patents covering the snmo inventions, tho said foreign patents being subse¬ quent to the date of tho applications upon which tho United States patents were issued.
lut and the judiclnl iutorpretn- tionotthcin. wo havo no hesitation in giving our opinion that the United States patents referred to are in noway limited or uflcctcd by such foreign patents, but are severally valid for seventeen years .from their respective dates and •isoifect by tho Supreme Court
Yours respectfully,
AVhl. M. EVAltTS, CLARENCE A. SEWARD, nr.w.„, JOHN C. TOMLINSON.
LDWARI) H. JOHNSON, Esq.,
President, &e.
As against the warnings of tho Edison Co., its opponents proffer with great prodigality guarantees of all sorts. They will freoly guar¬ antee immunity from damages ns well as tho superiority of their wares on all points.
Lot us investigate those guaratoos.
Nature or Guarantee.
1st. Guarantco of patents offered.
2d. Guarantee against domagos for infringement of patents of
3d. Guarantee of specific results from a givon powor expended — with accompanying guarantco of life of lampB.
Fonu or Guaiiantee.
1st. Guarantees given by corporate bodies.
2d. Guarantees given by individuals.
3d. Guarantees accompanied by collateral security.
We will considor thorn in tho ordor named.
1st To guarantco a patent is to guarantco its validity, i. «., to pre¬ determine tho action of tho Courts of last resort This is an absurdity and a business folly of which only wholly irresponsible and unscrupu¬ lous concerns would be guilty. That is to say, no ono can guarantco the final action of tho Courts.
2d. To guarantco against damages for tho infringement of a patent hold by others is a business risk; and ns such it should (to bo of any avail) possess n value equivalent to tho aggregate of all possible damages.
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT
grieved party to provo short measure. This ability wo lmvo shown is only present with the purchaser in a moagro way. Ho con demon¬ strate gross failure only. Ho ennuot detect tbo absenco of that “ a“Porior economy " a guarantee of which induced him to buy of the guarantor and yet instendof possessing 10 or 20% higher economy his plant may and veiy lihely does fall that per cent short of tho economy of the plant rejected. Tins, however, is of minor import, once as compared with the efficacy of the guarantee as ayainst damages for infringement of patents. Such liability is not dependent upon elaborate and complicated measure¬ ments, but is the direct result of an edict of a Court of law. It is, therefore, one which must either rest upon the guarantor or the party guaranteed.
Oh Whom Will Damages Finally Fall?
Wo assort that they will fall upon tho purchaser of the electric plant, and for this reason : tho very responsibility of tho party the guarantee brings himnumerous customers, all Of whom receive him guarantees. These in the interim of tho patent litigation aggregate
one the heavier tho aggregation of responsibility, and tho less th value of the guarantee. No private fortune, however great, would u tho event of award of damages avail, evenit it wasnot employed b evade by technicality such great responsibility. The one thin, certain in such event would bo that the guarantee would bo unnvaila bio and the user not only bo compelled to pay but also to ceasi the use of the infringing apparatus.
Guarantees accompanied by collateral sccuritv am a™,™
Finally we must conclude that guarantees in patent matters do not guarantee. Tho only assurance of practical value is to deal with original owners who can Bhow fundamental patents of prior dates, and whose business is conducted with special reference to a future rather than a present profit, thereby establishing by the strongest proof not only their original and funda¬ mental ownership, but confidence in their ultimate control of tho industry.
CAUTION 3.
INVESTMENT.
Central Station Electric Distribution.
Before investing his monoy, a prudent man will inquire as to the character and scope of tho enterprise in which ho contemplates em¬ barking.
In this connection attention is called to the fact that the term 41 Electric Lighting ” is so wholly inadequate as a description of the indusU'y of manufacturing , distributing and selling electrical energy, os to he misleading in the extreme.
Any “ system ” which is available only for the single purpose of lighting is necessarily so heavily handicapped, as against a system which iB capable of universal adaptation, as to be practically out of
It is imperative, therefore, that the intending investor shall inquire os to tho adaptability of tho system presented to Mb notice, to all the
1 8 A WARNING PROM THE
1st. A continuous currentjin one direction.
2d. Uniform pressure.
3d. Maximum of safety.
4tli. Absolute reliability.
5th. A practically unlimited supply.
6th. Minimum cost.
7th. Means of measuring.
8tli. Complete control by the user of the energy supplied to him.
It will bo readily admitted that any Bystem possessing those ele¬ ments must inherently possess that mean of simplicity and elabora¬ tion, which in any industry con alone give a resultant of satisfaction to the producer and tho user.
The element of simplicity must pervade not only tho individual unit hut tho entire system, whilst elaboration must go to tho extent of pro¬ viding means for securing the essential conditions of n perfect servico.
In electrical distribution these essential conditions aro as follows :
1st Subdivision of generating units to secure reliability and econ¬ omy of production.
2d. Meshing of distributing conductors in a common network throughout the ontire area supplied to secure uniform diptribnflnn
3d. A system of special feeding conductors to apportion equally the supply of energy to tho demand throughout tho area of tho system of conductors.
4th. A system of indicators to denote variations of pressure at any point in tho area of consumption.
6th. A systom of regulation to compensate for any variations of pressure (sec Appendix D).
It will be observed from tho foregoing that our investor needs to enquire for an economic and reliable system of electrical distribution, and not simply for a method of electric lighting, or a method of electric power, or a method of eleotrio heating, or a method of electric signalling, or a method for any other specific use. Ho wants a system, which shall comprehend all these (Bee Appendix 1).
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. 19
It is only from tho use of such a system that ho can derive the full measure of return upon his investment, and thereby secure him¬ self a practical guarantee against competition.
Having now cast on introspective glance at the field which he would occupy, and learned the means whereby it may be satisfactorily accomplished, it behooves him to inquire os to which of the Eleotrio Companies bidding for his favor, the most nearly approximates the requirements of the situation.
To enable him to do this wo will provide on analysis of tho methods adopted and recommended by . the various Electric Com¬ panies, and indicate to him wherein they severally succeed or fail to fill the bilk
Dinner Cuiuient Methods in which the Investment in Conduotohs is Minimized by the use or Hioh Phebbuhe.
This idea has been advocated principally by the various Aro Light Companies. Hundreds of plans, methods, devices and compromises, undor the generic termB of “ series,” “ multiple series,” “ distributing " devices and various compoundings thoroof, have been tried and found lamentably wanting.
They have ono and all utterly failed for the Bimple reason that tho translating unit, i.e., the lamp, the motor or other device, loses its individuality in consequence of deriving its current through another like unit. One discontinued, either dis¬ continues the other, makes it necessary to substitute an unproduc¬ tive but current consuming unit for that discontinued, or throws upon tho accompanying unit additional work, thereby affecting dis¬ astrously both its life and its economy.
The employment of high tension currents is furthermore objec¬ tionable on account of thou: unreliability and of being fraught with danger to life and property to such an extent as to be discouraged by Eire Boards and others having these things in keeping (see Appen¬ dix J).
This method has in fact nothing to recommend it but the one item of minimizing investment in tho conducting wires. It is a cheap make-shift only and possesses no element of permanenoy.
A WARNING FROM THE
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
It is furthermore incapable of filling oven a small fraction of the essentials of a comprehensive system in that it can bo applied to but few practical uses. It may, therefore, bo dismissed by us as it bos been by that part of the public who have tried it both in tho capacity of investors and consumers.
If further proof is needed of the uncommercial character of this compromise between judicious investment with its accompanying practical and financial success, and parsimonious economy, with its resultant of practical and financial failure, it is readily found in examples still extant, as, for instance, the Hotel Brunswick in this City, with its several hundred lights lit up en masse, hours be¬ fore they are all required, or oven useful, and maintained an equal ponod after the great majority are no longer needed. Some one pays for this useless lighting. Or if this is not sufficiently convincing, note tho present strife and acrimonious controversy among the companies heretofore employing s method over the last sensation in the way of high tension compromises, viz., the so-called
" G°DLAnD & Gidds' WEsmonousn AxTEnmmHa Cornuac Convekteu
Having become convinced that for permanent investment the direct current high tension system offers no Wl„„, _ t our ii,qniror
“dtZ^g1 1 “nr” the hi°h tension une-
apparatus, like its predecessor! ainTsT
conducting wires by employmentof tho high tension currents, and, as tuces per second, is employed simply because it ofibrds a sim-
that in it they have the advantage (?) of the economy of Wh tension abrned with tho essential reauiRif« nt w i . b tension
re(lmaite of low tension, and, therefore,
theoretically, the perfect Bystem. Let ub see if it sustains this claim in practice.
Tho employment of alternating current generating machines forbids the harnessing together of two units or more on one circuit*, henco, the reliability and current capacity of that circuit is only that of a single machine. The alternating current forbids tho use of economic motors, honce, power distribution is impracticable, and the system is thus seriously limited in its scope. For a like reason, many other applications, such as electrolysis, electro-plating, &c., are prohibited.
Since the destructive effect, either upon life or property, is enor¬ mously enhanced even by the interruption of an ordinary current trav¬ ersing it, it follows that the complete reversal of the current causes it to assume the form of a real danger. Note the precautions and restrictions demanded by the Fire Board in their rules and regulations and tho justification thereof in the deaths already caused by this system, although it has but just come into the field. Furthermore, its effect upon the adjacent wires of other electrical enterprises, as, for in¬ stance, the telephone and telegraph, is disastrous. Not© the suit of the New Orleans Telephone Company to restrain its use in proximity to their wires (see Appendix K).
Tho large engine unit requisite, the low economy of tho generator, ob compared with the direct current dynamos, the extraloss of energy due to the interpolation of tho convertor and tho constant demand upon the station made by the converters, irrespective of the work they ore doing, all combine to render tho Bystem the most uneconomical yet offered to the public. But, to tho end that the absence of tho main essentials of a perfect system may bo made more apparent, we -will before proceeding refresh our inquirer's mind as to the essential components of a perfect system by an examination of tho salient points of
The Edison Direct Current Low Tension System.
A continuous current always flowing in the same direction, and of the pressure required by a singlo lamp is made to suffico for on illimitable number of lamps, motors or other devices,
CAUTION 4.
““ ““ “ °nd“sared d“W% only when tho olootrio prossnro employed » sufficient to overcome tho resistance offered by
Si BriJh8tr°ny 7 T *** ^ b00n t“k0n “ C°mmitta8
the British House of Commons and 250 to 300 units was doter-
Tho'L™o°D-nS Hmit ' 8“0h ominont electricians as Sir Wm. ompson, Dr. 0. W. Siemens, Dr. John Hopkinson and others fully
concurring in this conclusion. '
t01 thaUny SySt°m ““Plojfag high pressure,
. e., oUU to 2,000 units jeopardizes life.
r rr— — -
Prepay. «STLiJS.” 1"?
tion. It would be legislated out of erist Permanent pom-
United States due to Thi n ‘ “ Eur°p8 “ ™U““the
cates of cheapneiTnLTow r°nl0f ** ^ * «»
a™ t l0 ratio of disasters multiplied
As against the death record of the high tension ByBtcms which, if it stood as truly representing the measure of safety accompanying the use of electricity, would unquestionably condemn it, we have tho glorious record of the Edison low tension system, from which there has never Veen a single instance of loss of life from the current employed. Furthermore, an important fact in relation to tho employment of tho high tension The present prao- le poles or other
WARNING FROM
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
1
participates only (having no interest whatever in the establishments) in the not earnings of the industry when they shall materialize. Therefore, if the industry itself is non-productive ol dividends, the patents have been acquired without consideration to the Edison Company.
Note: The consideration carries with it tho right to purchase of the Edison manufacturing establishments all electrical apparatus at the actual factory cost, plus only a minimum factory profit, fixed by the Edison Company. The corporations Urns organized purchase a plant at the lowest cost at which tho Edison Company is itself able
to contract for its manufacture, and in not one dollar of tho price
thus paid for the installation of a plant does tho Edison Company participate directly or indirectly. Its sole revenue for the use of its patents accrues from what tho plant installed shall earn in net re¬ turns upon the money invested in it.
All other companies donlingin incandescent lighting, knowing full wdl that their position is one of to-day only and subject to complete can¬ cellation to-morrow by action of the courts upon the Edison patents have adopted the policy of selling their plants at a profit upon tho goods sold, thereby relinquishing all ownership thereof, “making hay while the sun shines,” and incurring no responsibility for or stoking no profits on tho future prosperity of their
The Edison Company, therefore, pay common interest with the investor, whilst all other companies simply sell thoir goods to enter into competition with the Edison Company, and leave the purchaser to work out his own salvation and answer for himself when the day of judgment shall come.
Attention is further culled to the fact that the Edison Electric
itt t inP7 " DOt °ngaged in 4110 of creating a
ZSnTxT ^68t 40 ,30 801(1 ^oo—ePubhcataprofit (see
20G 291 rePltal th°,EdiSOn Company is $1,600,000, of which $1,- 200,2 ! represents actual cash paid in, ihe balance standing against
ln tr'r°m ^ EdiS°n’ ^t it has, nevertheless, done four- fiflhs of all tho busmess of incandescent electric lightmg
■Whereas, on the other hand, wo have a fair sample of the methods pursued by other companies in tho capitalization of tho Westing- house Electric Company at $6,000,000, of which $100,000 are said to represent cosh, $1,000,000 are declared to bo "for sale for cash," and tho remaining $3,900,000 are admitted to have been issued to Mr. Westinghouse for patents and contracts assigned ! !
Persistent and extraordinary efforts to givo such capital a market voluo will perhaps supply a profit not obtainable in the legitimate ohnnueln of selling and installing eleotrical apparatus.
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.,
Bv Edwaud H. Johhsoh,
President.
WARNING FROM THE
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
APPENDIX D.
CLAIMS OF EDISON’S MULTIPLE ARC SYSTEM PATENT.
Mr. Edison’s fundftmontiiI multiple arc patent, No. 309,280, was applied for February, 1880, and issued August 30, 1887.
Its claims, ns allowed by tbo Patent Office, nro as follows :
1. In a system of electrical distribution, tbo combination, with a complete or round metallic circuit, of a number of generators con- nested m multiple are with such circuit, and consisting each of an armature revolving in a magnetic field, and a number of translating ns^set forth” “"““k'* “ multil>Ie '«th said circuit, substantially 2 In a system of oloetrical distribution, the combination, with a icctcd m multiple arc with such circuit, and consisting each of an stal md7 rCTtUnC(0 iD » “»8»etic field of great
H 1 1 ... a “un?b01. of trnnslatiug donees, also connected in mul-
faplo arc 'with said circuit, substantially aa sot forth.
complete or?™!0? °f cliatribltti™. the combination, with a
complete or rovmdmetnU'o circuit, of a number of generators con-
set forth PP 7 0lUTOnt ‘° such «*»* substantially as
#3=3a=r-
magneto-electric machines translating / • dynamo or
arc with said circuit, an indicator of^he eW °0nneotcd “ multiPl0 01 tlle oleotno pressuro upon such
circuit, and a regulator under control of the oporator for regulnting.' tho supply of curront to such circuity substantially os sot forth.
6- In a system of electrical distribution, tho combination, with a complete or round motallic circuit, of a number of generators con¬ nected in multiple nro with such circuit, and consisting each of an armature revolving in a magnetic field, translating dovicos connected in inultipio nro with said cirouit, an indicator of tho electric pressuro upon such circuit, and a regulator undor control of tho operator for regulating tho supply of curront to such circuit, substantially ns sot forth.
7. In a system for tho generation and distribution of electricity for light or power, through cities or townB or districts thereof, a cen¬ tral station whereat ore combined a number of generators of electric¬ ity connected in multiple arc, and consisting each of an armature revolving in a magnetic field, an indicator of tho electric pressuro, and a regulator of the current generated, conductors forming com¬ plete or round metallic circuits leading from such station, to distrib¬ ute tho curront throughout tho system, and translating devices con¬ nected in mUtiplo nro with such conductors, substantially ns sot
8. In a system for tho generation and distribution of electricity for light or power through cities or townB or districts thereof, a con¬ trol station whereat oro combined a number of generators of elcctri- ly connected in multiple arc, and consisting each of on ormaturo revolving in n magnetic field, an indicator of tho electric pressure, and n regulator of tho curront generated, conductors forming comploto or round motallic circuits leading from such station to distribute the current throughout tho Bystom, translating dovices connected in mul¬ tiple arc with such conductors, and motors at the houses for measur¬ ing tho current supplied to such translating dovices, substantially as
APPENDIX E.
HIGHEST HONORS TO THE EDISON LIGHT.— PARIS,
1881.
The prizes have been awarded by tho Electrical Exposition at Paris, and Edison has received two gold medals and a diploma of honor, tho highesthonor conferred upon onyexhibitor. Edison has received from Pnris tho following cablo : “ Official list, published to-day, shows you in
volvod, and the Edison Com regulation aroin-
principal patents are infringed 'fa 2 S * **
tions ns at Trenton. Tho pi -i ax "*** Wesfcmghouso install*, against the Kevstonn t ' 1 + a ° P 8uita, 010 brought
- above letter of Mr S ' °" T” ** * 6' 7’ 8' 9 “”d * - No. 283,984, dated August m^g f ^
tribution, and patent of n, 1’ ’ ° Sjflfcom8 of Electrical D1b-
Sd, 1883, on Electrical M ^£2?***”* *+
APPENDIX g.
Mr. Justice Butt’s decision of May 188P ■ r Edison Company, not only decided w* ’ W of tho ordered nU other lamps dcstrnv a “ Pn°rity of “'’ontion, but
Mson Company, and an acclL” 77 “* P““ °f «”>
of the infringing lamps and other d , f”1*0'*8 mado by tbo sttl0 This virtually throiv aU other ineande°' . ttppIia,lces aboildJ sold.
lated to leave a very projudicial effect on our interests ondyoun arc using your lamps exclusively, and think that you owo us an ogy for thiB procedure." (Signed, Muir Mavor, 0. i
Tho “ Bovioiv," in a lengthy editorial, concedes the legality o course, but doubts its policy. One extract will illustrate tho strength of the position thus fortified by tho potenoy of pi when sustained by tho courts :
professions was dearly oxposod by tl Philadelphia in 1885. In a trial of ago was as follows:
Edison, 1 out of 21.
lamp was thus shown to ho twelvo or thirteen times that of any other. These tOBts havo boon confirmed by those mado at Berlin, Vienna, London, Paris, Louisville, Cincinnati and elsewhere.
PROSPECTIVE IMPORTANCE OP MOTORS IN OEN-
Company: ~ ° ** Unitc<l Stotcs Electric light
•' wl'th1 « .*■» “ ^'cat ^
“Palmer Ho^o people ^
(Signed) 0. 0. Waiuien.
“ e,nPl>as^ tlu^it* ffuarr^any WiSh 14 stated with I) sixteen candle power n^f tUirteCn Ia“Ps «f double the number guaranteed^80 powor> beinS and its machines are a™ at^ a"y comPe«t°r,
. (Signed) J. E. Lockwood,
• been put fenvard lytm^cl hiring ^ 1”^ ?“* ^2
ing a capacity of 300 horse power, in daily operation, and the demand constantly increasing. Tho Now Tort company has attached within a fow months oyer 150 horse powor. Tho franchises of Edison central stations includo not only this profitable application of tho powor thoy distribute ; but that of heating by doctricity, which is now dearly mado apparont is tho noxt immediate practical applica¬ tion of olectricity on a vast scalo.
DANGERS PROM HIGH POTENTIALS Might bo illustrated at groat length. Tho fow which are of r
ghastly sight which ward avonua and th ing sight called tho
tlio tips of liis fingers. A stngo hand hearing O’Connell’s cry rang down tho curtain. Springing over O’ConnoU’s body ho accidentally hud his hand on tho zinc-covered box nnd received a powerful ebook. In the pidm of O’Connell’s right linnd was a whitish stroak from tho wnst to tho finger. Closer examination showed it to bo a blistor, which seemed to pierce almost through tho hand. On tho loft hand the thumb and indox finger wero dreadfully tom. Tho skin was burned to snowy whitoness, as was tho flesh beneath. Tho dead man was about 28 years of ago and has been a stngo manngorand carpenter for eight years, being with Shook & Collier of Union Square, New York, for six years. Two years ago ho took a place with tho present organization, tho Charles Edwards Michael Strogoff company. One of tho most pathetic features of tho sad affair was
Nle CoS ‘a73t “ “eht 0f tUo d“d lnlms affianced wife, N,ffire Collins, a member of the company. Her grief as she tried to
O’OrtndTs hZ ' “* f"C° Wns “tromoly touching.
tomorrow8 71 T, “ whoro his romaiw wdl b° chipped
“ I' „ ” 7 C”lvoraatio„ of those in tho theatre ho was ro- 5 ,. general favonto among his feUow-omployes. Tho
audience was ontuely unawaro of tho fatality Tho accident is
coM “ ^ y * “ DOt boliovcd thnt it would have
[Brooklyn Eagle, Dec. 11, 1887.]
Mo Fooled with Lightning.
hold of tho end of a brokmftoW?!’ • DobicvoiBO streot, caught
pendedbyanolectric hlT^ ^ 1 ,W“C’Whi0h Was hold ou8'
he gnvo a^ecrenm^nnd f^'^stmneTOT^ao'sheoL'^A1*^011"! zons immediately ran to Lis n« * f CU° . cfc* ^ number of citi- hand had been badly burned uTtherf’cnf1''1 ^ f°UU<1 ^ lli8 loft ing lio bad sustained a severe L»i ° ° ^ c,UTent &afc in fall- homo. Cr° ““iP " “'““t- Ho was removed to Iris
C®* H Sun, Dec. 20, ’87.]
Killed by Electricity.
Marion, Ind., Dec. 19.-A team of horses owned byD.P.Mc
Kinnoy was killed hero this ovoning under peculiar circumstances. Ono of the natural gas arches was torn down by a pasBii straw, nnd tho electric light wire which was nttnehod dropj
SOME DANGERS OF THE ALTERNATING SYSTEM Dr. Otto Moses, tho apostlo of tho alternating systom, mndo f
WARNING FROM TIIE
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
One of tho prominont exponents of the Weatingkouso roothoda ala said at tho saino session :
“In Pittsburgh, whoro wo wore running lights in a ratlior noo neighborhood, wo found it cheaper to nui secondly mains, attach, our fights ill tho houses from tho secondary current, using fifty or on. hundred volts as wo pleased. In other parts of tho town, whoro tho. ZCZZ7 " tWCnty HShta to touso, wo found it bottc l°Z7„ mt0 010 MdkS « toston thorn as close a possible on tho outside wall, sons to onablo us to use tho fifty-vol lamps exclusively. In tho caso of hotels, wo would run a liigh-prcss “‘r 1110 CCntro of *>» ““dor, and place convertors a,
In marked contrast with this confidence inspired by ignoranci and recklessness, wo find that a year ago tho eminent European elec ncal firm of Siemens & Halsko, in a pamphlet issued by them on al
shook! T Cun0“k’ 8avo Bn ttlarm of 110 uncertain sound. Tho facl Should bo homo in mind that they wore really tho inventors and the builders of tho best alternating machinery which has over boon offered to tho public, that the preset of their mammoth factory has boon buildk U8“l0l'“ °“e seriet,of years, and they have discontinued ^orir "PParatUB " ^ ■ ^oy conclude in
WITH°T^nI^r!^TI0N HAS N°T CONCERNED ITSELF M °r ™IS STSTE1I> SOONER OR
LATER WILL BE COMPELLED TO DO SO ■>
the uZf Mohr 8L0W ^ a0ti°n token R> prohibit
° UB° of “'gb-tcnsion alternating currents
“ Hl° ^ States tho insuranco com-
tiro hazards of higlr-prosBuro currents, than tborulo issued Novombor 1, 1887, by tho Boston Board of Firo Underwriters :
“ Converters on alternating circuits must bo outsido of buildings, and must bo placed high enough from tho roof to provent possiblo injury to firemen.”
Within a few days of this issue (November 4, 1887) tho Now Eng- land Insuranco Exchange, at a mooting of ropresontativos of all tho dcctrio light companies doing business in tho Eastern States colled to consider this subject, gave notice that thoy should undor no cir¬ cumstances ullow converters to bo placed within tho wnlls of build-
in Philadelphia, tho only oily where thosoBilont dynamoB are thus tolerated inside tho walls of buildings undor any intelligent super¬ vision, Inspector McDovitt. of tho Insurance Patrol confines them strictly to collars, and states distinctly that thoy will be obliged to go to tho street tho momont any ono of thorn oxplodes or Bots a firo.
In Cliicngo, City Inspector Haskins absolutely prohibits tho use of any alternating current system or other high-pressure makeshift for incandescent lighting.
[Extracts from the Daily States (New Orleans ), Sept. 23, 1887.]
Electric Wire Dangers. How Linemen nro Injured or Killed. The Alternating Current ns Contrasted with tlio Low Tension Direct Current.
Several nccidonts linvo happened of Into to linomon of olcctrio light companies, who have been knocked Bonsoless by coming in con¬ tact with wires wliilo in tho performance of their duties. Tuesday last a lineman in tho employ of tho Edison Light Company was knocked from a polo at tho comer of Canal and Carondelet Streets by rccoiving a shock from n wire charged with the alternating high tonsion current from tho Wostinghouso machines used by tho Brash Elcotrio Light Company.
Tho nccidont was tho second serious . occurrence in this city from tho W’estinghouso alternating current. Fortunately it has not ao for turned out to bo fatal as did tho accident of a month ago, which occurred ns follows : Tho unfortunate man who was killed
m= ss-
wo kecenx estimates
3. ACTUAL PRACTI
“ roplaco ft Sawyer-Man carbon required n workman's timo “ &0In two to three hours, and the re-charging of tbo lamp with ab- “ B0ll'My Pur° nitrogen, cost about soventy cents, without taking into “ eonsidoration tbo cost of carbon. It wan therefore an imnracti- “ cable lamp.”
The position of Sawyer and Man as inventors in tbo art of dee- trio lighting, and that of their assignee, tbo Consolidated Company, in tbo commercial arena, seems to bo accurately stated in an article published in “ Tbo Electrical World " :
“ In 1878, W. E. Sawyer, of Now York, wont over tbo ground well worn by prior electrici, ms and produced tbo improvements in <ktnols that havo been patented in tbo joint names of Sawyer nnd „ dl?IOy0dvP“t “Scnuity- was bound by the dogmas
of the art, and sought for the solution of the problem of lighting .by incandescence in low resistance carbons, separable globes and „r ,rr: pr0duccl1 no now to® °! lamp, but confined
lnmsolf to improvements in dotail, useful only unon tbo tvno of
MamptbcnweUkno™ Some notoriety was “LTw^Wp^
“ i" ” moto 80 “«“ inventions of Starr,
Stmtoand Lodygmno received in their times and in tbo localities „ ^h.oro 4110 ,IlmP3 were exhibited. Saivyer's lamp was never capable of being put into practical use. ^
“ tlZ of ^ f contemporaneous with “ Zfthoflom^romiso’l tGClmiCnlly a"d and'
“sbloWiL’IfbeLtarttS
SaweSr T PB*U'*T deBOrib° 1110 ™P^css of tbo SoTrrr-0* aBOri^“tora of any commercial
thmfof ^ — 4 Sawyer-Man imitation
WESTING HOUSE STOCK BOOM.
APPENDIX V.
OTHER UNSUPPORTED CLAIMS OF THE WESTING- HOUSE COMPANY.
IS
OVER 1,000 CENTRAL STATION AND ISOLATED PLANTS,
£XXQ^mPiL.„L^TEKNAT} O^lE^WLKTRicTfE
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY.
REPORT
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
STOCKHOLDERS,
ANNUAL MEETING,
OCTOBER 25tli,
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Elected Octoiisk 25, 1887.
THOMAS C. BUCK,
C. II. COSTER,
NOAH DAVIS,
JOHN W. DOANE, . T. A. EDISON,
A. FOSTER HIGGINS,
EDWARD II. JOHNSON, MORRIS II. SMITH,
F. S. SMITIIERS,
SPENCER TRASK, FRANCIS U. UPTON, D WRIGHT.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
C. II. COSTER EDWARD II. JOHNSON,
A. FOSTER IIIGOINS, F. S. SMITIIERS,
ANTHONY J. THOMAS,
OFFICERS. '
EDWARD II, JOHNSON, President.
F. S. HASTINGS, Santary amt Tnaiunr.
JOHN C. TOMLINSON,) DYER & SEELY, . )'
To the Stockholders of the
Edison Electric Light Company :
Boforo reviewing tlio business results of tlio past. year, it is proper to remind Shareholders that tlio present Edison Elec¬ tric Light Company is n consolidation of The Edison Electric Light Company and The Edison Company for Isolated Lighting, whioh consolidation went into effect Dooomher 31st, 1880, in accordance with action taken by the Boards of Trustees and the Stockholders of the respective Companies. Undor dato of February 21st, 1887, an arrangement was ontorod into be¬ tween tlio present company and The Western Edison Light Company (which had some years previously acquired exclusive rights to exploit the States of Wisconsin, Illinois mid Iowa) whereby that Company transferred to us nil its assets and rights of every kind for a given amount of our stock This 1 fe no 1 S duly ratified by the stockholders of our Company at a special mooting held on March 1st, 1887.
As a result of these important amalgamations, the present Edison Electric Light Company now possesses undivided con¬ trol of the Edison patents throughout North and South America, excepting only suoh cities mid towns in the United States as lmvo beou coded, from timo to time, to local illuminating companies, and excepting also tlio States of California nnd Nevada, regarding which u contract, granting certain alleged rights therein, was made in the earliest days of tlio Company. Stops to cancel it are now in progress. ' Whilo, at tlio inception of olootnc lighting, the plan of part-/ lug with pntout rights for largo blocks of territory had its attractions, nntnnl nvnarmnee _ 1 ai ..l. •, •_
Broad
vie CUy .
barrnssment. The especinl advantage of having our central station business exploited throughout the entire United States solely by this Company, on a uniform bnsis, through agents under our immediate control, has been very manifest since the changes above referred to have permitted such a course.
It is with great satisfaction that the Board of Trnsteos can report that the last year has been by far the most prosperous one in the history of the Edison Company, and it is believed that the results set forth below and in the accompanying bal¬ ance-sheet will bo satisfactory to all Stockholders.
Since Jaiiu'ary 1st, 1887, the following now central station companies have boon organized :
List op Companies Organized Since January 1st, 1887.
After deducting the amounts paid or payable to agents, your treasury has roeoivod from those Companies, for illuminat¬ ing license rights, $9,816.27 in cash, and $608,194.86 in tlioir stools.' The iucomo of the Company from royalties, dividends from stoolss of liconseo Companies, and from other sources has also been'.large, so that after deducting all expenses, bad debts, &c., the Profit and Loss account for the nine months from Janu¬ ary 1st to October 1st, 1887, shows a credit balance of $612,638.86 or over 34 per cent, on the existing Capital Stools. In addi¬ tion to this, there is duo us from Control Station Companies, aotually organized and now installing their plants (and included in the foregoing lists), a further net sum of $430,000 in tlioir stock, and $65,000 in cash, which will show in the Profit and Loss account for the ensuing year.
As our own prosperity depends so largely on that of the Licensee Illuminating Companies, whoso stocks wo hold, it is a groat satisfaction to your Trustees to state that they are nearly all working successfully and earning handsome dividends. This statement is especially true of the large companies organized and put into operation during the past two years. A brief synopsis, made up from rocont reports of the operations of a few of our licensee companies, is submitted herewith : )
Ellison Electric Illuminatii!},' Co. of New York.
- » 1 - ““ miyiuiu uapiiauzncio
$1,000,000 or 16 percent, on such an amount of capitalizatii would bo required to duplicate the plant at the presout tii As stated in onr last roport the capital stook of this i pany has boon increased to $2,600,000, for the purpos installing throe uptown stations, wliioli nro now in progre construction.
Edison Electric Illuminating Co., Boston, Mass. This company was started early in the year 1886, ■ $100,000 capital and a plant of 2,400 lamps capacity’ i room for inorease. The following is taken from their annual roport of January 4th, 1887 :
Fiust Distiiict.
Net earnings for December.,
by the public, who, testing practically, found them wonting, and have either ended in bankruptcy or aro dragging nlong under a steadily increasing load of debt. The Edison bamboo carbon still commands the field.
2d, came the storago battery, which was to prove a substi¬ tute for a general system of oloctrical distribution — much us if the gas companies wore to put miniature rosorvoirs in tlio collars of tlioir patrons and supply these with gas under suoli hit/Jl pressure ns to mako an inch pipe servo instead of the two or tlirco foot pipo now required. This, too, passed by, and the Edison Company remained m its rightful place, though many innocent bystanders, too curious, became viotims.
3d. Then came a patent, lioraldod ns just out “ after a suc¬ cessful contest with Edison in the Patent Office for five years over tlio incandescent lamp,” and ns awarding to 'another "inventor" that which Mr. Edison thought ho lind invented
do what shall seem to thorn host to bo dono undor tho circumstances.
‘Itlu Next, and last to date, came the “Seducer” or "Con¬ vertor," on the " alternating current ” system; whioli, in the hands of a man with money made out of patents, but ready, nevertheless, to disputo the patent rights of others, was not only to reduce high , pressure electricity to the practical and safe limits of tho Edison current, but was to annihilate the Edison Company, and permit tho “Eedncer" to walk in and take possession. In view of the great claims which have been and still aro sot forth for this » system," it will be reassuring to our stockholders to know that all that is good in any such system is to-day broadly covered by Mr. Edison’s earlier oat.
Considerable progress 1ms nlso boon made in the si started Inst winter on our Central Station pn ady mentioned heroin, and thoy will bo pressed ns v
lie dilatory tactics of the defendants render possibl four Board must confess that, while litigatioi daily slow, the delays in patent eases oxceei might reasonably think that when a patent is iss Patent Office it would afford its owner some p ist infringement ; but, on tho contrary, it seems tc neither more nor less than n target for infringers, red, when proseouted, to come forward and at at itself and everything connected with it, and t law allows dolays for pleas, demurrers, nusw dilations, thereby giving them a lease of life s hem to do incalculable mischief. As a case ii Board are informed that a final legal deed us fundamental patents on a certain well-knc on was not reached until after the patents > had expired I It is true that enormous c subsequently collected from infrimrers hut
20
Mr. Edison 1ms boon experimenting for somo two years or more, and, us n result, ho 1ms now secured n lamp which is fur superior to tlmt which whs formerly used, the improvement, commor- einlly spanking, boing ohiofiy in the direction of iucronscd economy.
Among the patents issued to tho company during tho year, is ono of very grout importance, which 1ms boon tho subject of ft prolonged contest in tho lhitont Oilicu for over sovon years. Tlmt it 1ms liimlly boon issued to Mr. Edison is but ono more illustration of tho fnct tlmt his cnrly nnd fundamental inventions cover broadly nil tlmt lms so for been dovolopcd as possessing nuy value in the art of inenndosoont lighting Tho great value of tho patent in question will bo bettor npprooiatod when it is explained that tho experience of tho post six yours has demonstrated the absolute necessity, to tho industry of electric distribution, of a numbor of general principles, among which may bo mentioned tho following :
1st. Tl.o subdivision of the generating force into soveral
^ 2d. Tho consolidation of all the conductors in a common
3d. The complete independence of each lamp or motor of all others.
These principles woro first enunciated by Mr. Edison, and at tho Pans Electrical Exhibition in 188Lhowas decorated with tho Order of tho Legion of Honor, nnd granted a diploma for his “ complete system of oloctricnl distribution.” Now, nftor tho lapse of nearly seven years, tho United Statos Patent Oflico discovers that tho Paris exports woro right, and accordingly issue to Mi, Edison this pntont, which covers in the broadest way not only all tlicso fundamental principles, but many others incidental thereto, such as the principle of indicating and regu¬ lating tho electrical pressuro, measuring tho ninount consumed
Ill addition to this fund, your Board lias also created during tlio past year nnotlior Special Fund, designated on tho balance shoot as Special Fund No. 2, in wliioli it is seeking gradually to accumulate cash assets, for temporary nso from timo to time, principally in tlio development of illuminating companies, and of our business interests generally. It sometimes happens that in tho organization of such companies a short cash ad¬ vance is required to sccuro dosirnblo roal estato or prompt dolivory of maoliinory, without which tho nocossary capital cannot bo enlisted, and tho advantage to this company of having a fund on liaud for nso when nocossary tor this and other kindred purposes, is apparent. Had not such a fund boon available, one of our stations, which is among tho largest and most profitable, would not have existed to-day.
By order of tho Board of Trustees.
Edward H. Johnson, President.
10 and 18 Broad Street,
Now York, Oetobor 25th, 1887.
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY.
REPORT
BOARD OP TRUSTEES
STOCKHOLDERS,
ANNUAL MEETING,
OCTOBER 23cl,
1888.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Elected Octoukr 23, 18SS.
THOMAS C. BUCK,
C. IT. COSTER, NOAH DAVIS,
JOHN W. DOANE,
T. A. EDISON,
A. FOSTER HIGGINS,
EDWARD II. JOHNSON, MORRIS II. SMITH,
F. S. SMITHERS,
A. J. THOMAS, SPENCER TRASK, FRANCIS R. UPTON,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
C. H. COSTER, EDWARD H. JOHNSON,
MORRIS II. SMITH, F. S. SMITHERS,
ANTHONY J. THOMAS.
OFFICERS.
II. JOHNSON, l'nsidmt.
J. H. McCLEMENT, C
JOHN C. TOMLINSON, )
BENJAMIN E. THURSTON,
To the Stockholders of the
Edison Electric Eight Company :
In presenting this, their annual report, your Trustees con¬ gratulate tho ’shareholders upon tlio lioaltliy condition of the business as shown in tho various statements which nre sub¬ mitted liorewith. In some rospocts, the past year has boon a marked one in our history, for, although we have experienced tho keenest competition from infringing companies, we have transacted tho largest business in any one year since tile organ¬ ization of tlio company.
Our licensee manufacturing companies have boon taxed to tlioir utmost capacity to fill tho demands made upon them, and a larger number of plants lias boon sold, botli in tho isolated and cash central station brandies of tlio business, than in any preceding twolvo months. .
Tho character of onr business lias, however, somowhat changed during tho past year. Our Illuminating Companies in a majority of tho larger cities lmvmg already commenced tho construction of their central station plants, of necessity fewer now companies have boon organized upon tho stock basis, which applies especially to tho largo citios. Oil the other hand, the business of selling central station plants on a cash basis ill the smaller towns lias increased with great rapidity.
Reference lias heretofore bseu made to groat improve¬ ments in tho lamp by Mr. Edison, by which there are secured twolvo lamps por liorso powor, whore heretofore only eight could bo obtained. The groat advantage dorived from this im¬ provement will be apparent. By tho introduction of tins new
lnmp, tho capacity of every control station adopting it has boon increased fifty per cent, without the expenditure of one dollar for additional apparatus, thus onabling thorn to increase their output, and consequently tlioir onrnings in a like ratio, without any material inoreaso in tho cost of operation. In isolated plants tho efi'oct has boon none tho loss benofioial, ns any given dynamo onn now operate fifty per cent, more than its previous rated capacity. Tho Edison United Manufactur¬ ing Company still conducts tho isolated and cash central station business under licenso from us, and the ndvoflt of tho new lamp has enabled that corporation to reduce its price list to a limit which, while it allows a small profit on original sales, renders the business of rival and infringing companies unprofit¬ able. Mr. Edison is still at work upon tho lnmp, and confi¬ dently expects that during the coming year a still further in¬ crease in its efficiency will be obtained.
Of the older companies the following have increased their plants during tho last year :
Sales op Isolated Plants fhom Oot. 1st, 1887, to Oct. 1st, 1888.
Total number of now plants . 280
Total number of Increases . . . . . . . . 25
Total immbor of sales . . . 814
Total number of dynamos sold . . . 371
Total lamp capnclty sold . . . 83,180
■ Recapitulation.
Total number of Isolated plants sold to date .
Total lamp capacity of same . .
Total number of cash stations sold to date .
Totid lamp capacity of samo .
Total number of stool: stations organized to date .
Present actual lamp capacity of same .
Grand total of dynamo lamp capacity of Edison plants
lion In the United States (approximately)... .
(See complete statement, page 18).
FINANCES.
Attention is invited to the balance sheet on pngos 20 and 21. Our cash revenue has been more than sufficient to meet all expenses of our business, including patent liti¬ gation, without encroaching upon our capital account or re¬ serve funds, so that the stool: received in pnymont for licenses granted to local companies represents actual additions to the assots of the company without uny corresponding expenditures. The actual amount of cash received, during the year, from dividends on investments, lamp royalties, licenses granted aud other sources, is $204,885.89. We now show a surplus in our profit and loss account after providing a sinking fund suflioiont to wipe off the entire cost of our patents and patent litigation amounting to $311,880.13. When it is considered that our patents, now standing ut nothing on our books, have cost $879,- 696.74. and are worth manv times that amount, the financial
. 720,404
must bo nil tho more gratifying when compared with the low financial obb it had readied a fow years ago.
Special Fund Number Olio, which has been created prin¬ cipally to moot patent litigation expenses, now stands ns fol-
LOCAL COMPANIES.
Eoalizing ns wo do that the prosperity of this company depends almost entirely upon tho prosperity of its various local Liconsee Illuminating companies whoso stock we hold in our treasury, it is a satisfaction to note that they are, almost without exception, paying dividends or accumulating reserve funds out of their earnings, which materially enhance tho value of their respective properties, and may be expected eventually to accrue to the benefit of this company in constant and largo dividends upon our treasury stocks. In this connection we invito attention to a statement showing the earnings and ex¬ penses of such of our local companies ns have furnished us with complete reports (see page 19).
The dividends received from this source during the past year have been important in amount but are only an indication of tho larger amounts whioh we shall secure in subsequent years, as most of our largest stations, organized n year or so ago, have not yet begun, or are only beginning, notice opera-
Among those are the two uptown districts of New York at Twenty-sixth street and Thirty-ninth street, to have an ulti¬ mate capneity each of 40,000 lamps, the Philadelphia station of SO, 000 lamps, the Minneapolis station of 16,000 lamps, the Kansas City station of 16,000 lamps, tho Chicago station of 40,000 lamps (started in September).
When all these great stations are in full operation the per¬ manency’ of the incandescont light, its adaptability for general illumination and the lucrative character of the industry should be so clearly apparent to capital that no further argument will be needed to induce it to take up and inaugurate tho industry in the fow remaining unoccupied largo cities.
PATENT SUITS.
In viow of the many misleading and ex parte statements put forth by interested parties during the past year, a brief synopsis of the facts in relation to our patent litigation will be of interost to our shareholders.
This litigation may bo classified os follows :
Patents on fundamental features.
Patents on methods and devices.
As is woll known to our sharolioldors. tho fundamental principles which protect the industry were discovered by Mr. Edison in tho earliest days of his work, and as no subsequent inventions of Mr. Edison or others have displaced them, they remain controlling and vital ; anticipation of these inventions is not sot up by infringers, but their reliance is wholly upon the hope of proving the expiration of the patents by virtue of
10
a technicality in tho patent law. As has been previously stated in our reports, wo are advised by eminent counsel that tho Supremo Court will not sustain this technical infraction of the rights of a dearly original invention to suitable and proper protection.
It is m furtherance of this matter to an ultimate deoisiou that wo are chieily expending our energies and money, and tho progress made during the past year is not only fairly satis¬ factory, as legal processes go, but disolosos no reason for dis¬ couraging us in the belief that tho final decision will give us complete possession of tho industry. The numerous suits upon methods and devices not entangled in the above-men¬ tioned technicality are gradually approaching trial on their merits, and we anticipate a number of decisions from the present court term of more or less importance in strengthening oni position mid correspondingly weakening that of our in-
rno loilowing is a brief review of the situation. Xu tho various suits which wo have brought against infringers of our most important patents, tho defendants have failed to answer on the merits, but have interposed pleas ignoring the question of priority of invention, and alleging that our patents are void by reason of the expiration of patents previously granted abroad. 11ns course is simply dilatory and evasive.
The decisions actually rendered in the Courts of Europe nud America are thirteen in number, of which eleven have been m favor of the Edison patents and only two against them and these two, as will bo shown, were purely of a preliminary character. The decisions referred to may be enumerated as follows :
Pinsr. Tho fundamental or “ filament” patent on the lamp has been sustained six times in Germany, after a very closely and hotly contested litigation mid in the five of the ~o~t itent laws in tho world.
11
Second. Some two years ago, tho English Edison Company brought suit against Woodhouso it Bawson, and after n bittor controversy in tho English Court, Mr. Justico Butt sustained tho Edisoii filament pntout, nud his deoision, based as it was on a question of faot, has now becomo famous as establishing beyond question of doubt the priority of Edison's right to the only commercially practicable incandcsoout lamp, viz.: “a filament of high resistance.”
Thihd, The defendants in the above-mentioned suits ap¬ pealed from the dooisioii of Mr. Justico Butt, but liis decision was affirmed by tho Appolluto Court.
PouitTH. A suit was brought by tho English Edison Com¬ pany upon a patent which describes a process of building up carbon conductors by oleotro-ohemicnl action. Tills suit was deoided in favor of tho English .Edison Company, but tho process is not now used in tho manufacture of its lamp by tho Edison Company in this country.
Fifth. The recent decision of Judgo Kay against the English Edison Company involved tho “filamont" patent, the same as was covored by tho suits mentioned in tho 2d and 3d paragraphs above, upon which patent all previous decisions, both 111 England and Germany have been in favor of Edison. The adverse decision of Judgo Kay will bo immediately ap¬ pealed from and as the Appellate Court is tho same which has already decided in Edisons favor on tho samo patent (see paragraphs 2 and 3 above) there can bo littlo doubt but that the decision will be again in Edison’s favor.
In this country no decision on this important patent has ever been rendered, and ns the English decision could not in any way affect the patent in this country, tho recent attempts, through the medium of newspaper intorviows and correspond¬ ence, and otherwise, to givo the impression that any Edison
15
LIST OF EDISON CENTRAL STATION ILLUMINATING COMPANIES.
Tho stations prefixed with n slur were sold on n onsli bnsls; nil Olliers pnld us n oorluln portion of their stock ns n couslilorntton for llocnso rights.
**;>/. a**
<fT/2 ,/r A
VCC&j/ t do^£
P-/*?
C. S. — 1200.
THE EDISON SYSTEM
Central Station Lighting
Years' Practical Experience
WITH THE
Edison Chemical Meter.
1 EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
I) ; ... ’ •
Engineering Department,
46 BROAD STREET,
NEW YORK CITY.
Six Years’ Practical Experience with THE
Edison Chemical Meter.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS,
front IS passing, a counter giving a record of of charges of gas exploded.
10 difficulties of using such an apparatus are atively high u. 5r. ir. required, the energy ' possibly like the nitro-glycerino engine, “tTio providing a now maoliino aftor each oxplo- ery Biimlar apparatus has been recently pro- iboratory standard for current measurement
[PHOTOCOPY]
List of,;Edison Isolated Plants
Sill,
mmmm
[PHOTOCOPY]
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC EDISON GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
THE EDISON GENERAL ELECTRIC 'COMPANY.
A project tine boon matured by the principal stockholders of the Enisox Ei.wrriMO Bwirt Company and the tlireo Enisox Maxpkactuiiixo Uompaxihs, viz: Tho Edison Lump Company, Horgmunn As Co., nml tho Edison Muchino Works, for fclio iioquisition of tho control of tlicso four corporations by a now company, to bo known us Tins Bnisox Gisxishai. Ei.kctiiic Compaxy. Tlio project IS duo to tlio conviction for ninny yours ovidont to its promoters from tho practical results of tho existing relations between tlio Edison Electric Light Company and tlio Jtanufaoturing Companies, that such u combination will be largely to tho benefit of both tho imtont-owning nml tho manufacturing oimntry ’ 'l"11 f"“ilitllt0 thu "10™ glilU!ra( 111111 r,ll,itl t«trodu«tion of tlio Edison electric light systom in this
Tho now company has been organized under tlio laws of tho State of New Jorsoy with a capital of t>la,000,000. Agreements have boon ontored into for tho purohnso by it of tho stock of the manu¬ facturing companies, payable partly in cash and partly in tho stock of tho now company. Tho purchase pneo is equal to a capital sum on which tho not earnings of tlio nmniifacturing companies show a clear income of 15 per coat, during tho year ornling Novombor 1, 1888.
Tho stockholders of tho Edison Electric Light Company nro invited to como into tho now com¬ bination oil what arc boliovod to bo liberal tonns, as hereinafter mentioned.
„ ’‘'I1.0 ,10? i'1“0!n<) ot tho nianufacturing companies, togothor with tho available cash income of tho
JmIisoii Electric Light Company, would permit tho distribution of 8 por cent, dividends on tlio entire amount of tlio stock of tho now company that is to bo used in carrying oat tho project. Hut, in onlor to give tlio undertaking a sound and safe start, it is tho purpose to pay a dividend only on part of the stock to bo roooived by tlio stockholders of tho Edison Electric Light Company, and by tlio manu¬ facturing Interests in other words, to oroato temporarily two classes of stock, viz: ono on which S por cent, dividends will ho paid at once, and tl oi on 1 oh tlio sumo dividends shall be distributed only after the combination has actually resulted in tho increase of business which can bo reasonably expected from it. It is boliovod that tins oxpectod inoreaso will pormit tho payment of regular 8 per cent dividends on tho deferred stock by tho end of 18S9. 1
Tlio stockholders of tlio Edison Electric Light- Company are to receive for every ono hundred dollars of then- present stock §200.00, par value, in the took of the new company. Of tin out 4,170 w ill lie in stock immediately entitled to 8 per cent, dividends, and §91.00 will bo a trust certificate • foi stock on which dividends will bo deferred us stated.
. In °!'(’01' tH Provide for cash paymouts to bo inado to tho stockholders of tho manufacturing coin- pan, cs and to furnish tlio new company with tho necessary working capital, a syndicate has been formed that will provide $2,000,001) m cash for stock of tho now company.
The entire capital stuck of tho now company will bo full paid but in pursuance of tho sov- " -^cribed, there will be at the disposal of tho new company through a trust
W, 100,000.0b ol fall paid stock which, with a cash working capital ot nearly §1,000,000, will abun- pantly equip it for carrying on a largo business.
Edison General Electric Co.
DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR
Edison Pressure Indicator.
INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. •
EDISON BUILDING BROAD STKfcEl, NEW YORK.
Edison Pressure Indicator.
The requirements of a good Pressure Indicator are as follows : rst. It should be at all times reliable and
ad. It should be easy of adjustment and should always remain in circuit, jd. The scale should be capable of being read at.a distance, indicating positively “ Right," “ High,” or .« Low," accord¬ ing to the state of the pressure.
4th. It should require no more thought than is absolutely necessary on the part of the dynamo tender.
These requirements are all filled by the Edison Pressure Indicator. Inasmuch as all electrical measuring instruments are sub¬ ject to variation, due to accident and other'
checking the readings should exist in the instrument itself. This is provided for by the “test” lamp, which is only used for a few moments at a time, in verifying the
CATALOGUE “E”
and Price List
EXPERIMENTS
Edison Incandescent Lamps
How to Make a Cheap Battery ’
■ EDISON LAMP CO.
EDISON PATENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Incandescent Lamps.
August August September 1 6, January 27, February
May
Marcl
Marcl Marcl
October 18, October
1876.
181,6.3 = .4,636 = 14,637 2.8,167 2.8,866 = .’9,628 ==3,898 224,329
=30,=55
=37,73=
238,868
239,148
239,150
=39,i5i
=39,153
=39,37=
=39,373
=39,745
242.896
242.897 242,899
248,4.7 l
October
October
October
October
October
October
October
October October December 2c. December 27.
December 27, December
December
December 27, December 2- December 27, August August August August August August
EXPERIMENTS
Edison Incandescent Electric Lamps,
How to Make a Cheap Battery to Light them.
The small incandescent electric lamps made by the Edison Lamp Co. offer such facilities for experiments with electric light that any one can, with very little trouble or expense, produce many effects which will be interesting and instructive. Electric lighting has now become so general and wide-spread, that many people, young and old, are desirous of experimenting for themselves in the production of an electric light, and this can be done by the use of simple and cheap apparatus, such as will be described in this pamphlet.
These small electric lights, when produced, may be ap¬ plied to many useful and ornamental purposes, for in¬ stance, the lamp or lamps may be placed among flowers, or in the hand of a statue, or inside a bisque figure, and, in fact, can be used for many other purposes which need not be enumerated. All this can be done by means of a
' CO., HARRISON, N. J. 7
will then be three inches of in- > two carbons and a similar length
EDISON LAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J.
PRICE LIST
Edison Incandescent Electric Lamps.
EDISON LAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J.
Sockets and Receptacles.
EDISON LAMP
HARRISON, N. J.
r Edison Low-Volt Lamps.
FROM 20 TO 40 VOLTS.
These lamps are made to fill a demand which has grown very rapidly during the past few years. There are a large number of primary batteries on the market, a.id these low
EDISON DAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J. aS
Lamps 20 to 40 Volts at Watts per Candle-Power.
EDISON
I., HARRISON, N. J.
EDISON LAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J.
LIST OF ELECTRICAL GOODS DEALERS, FROM WHOM SMALL EDISON LAMPS CAN ALSO BE OBTAINED.
CONNECTICUT,
NORTHFORD— J. L. Nott.
DISTRICT OR COLUMBIA,
WASHINGTON— Royce & Marean.
C. W. Messner.
ILLINOIS,
CHICAGO — Electrical Supply Co.
Nat’l School Furnishing Co. (lamps only). Western Electric Co.
Central Electric Co.
LOUISIANA,
NEW ORLEANS— William Oswald (lamps only).
MARYLAND,
BALTIMORE— Viaduct Mfg. Co.
MASSACHUSETTS,
BOSTON— Perry Mason & Co.
Thomas Hall.
Codman & Shurtleff (lamps only).
BOSTON— Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co.
Electric Gas Lighting Company.
LOWELL — L. A. Derby & Co.
WORCESTER— Chas. H. Page & Co.
MICHIGAN,
DETROIT— Markle Engineering Co. (lamps only). Detroit Electrical Works.
MISSOURI,
ST. LOUIS— A. S. Aloe & Co.
Southern Electrical Supply Co.
St. Louis Electrical Co.
KANSAS CITY— Gate City Electric Co.
NEBRASKA, ’
OMAHA — Nebraska Electric Co.
NEW YORK,
NEW YORK CITY— The E. S. Greeley & Co. J; H. Bunnell & Co.
Meyrowitz Bros.
F. G. Otto & Sons (lamps).
Otto Rauda.
Pearce & Jones.
Empire City Electric Co.
Gibson Electric Co. (Storage Batteries). Electric Accumulator Co. (Storage Batteries). Julien Electric Co. (Storage Batteries).
EDISON DAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J.
OHIO,
' CINCINNATI— C. E. Jones & Bro.
Max Woclier & Co. (lamps).
PENNSYLVANIA,
PHILADELPHIA — -James W. Queen & Co. Novelty Electric Co.
Walker & Kepler (lamps only).
Partrick & Carter.
PITTSBURGH — Union Electrical Construction Company.
EDISON DAMP CO., HARRISON, N. J. 29
The lamps in the foregoing price-list may also be ordered through the following Edison Central Station Companies, by parties residing in the cities mentioned below :
ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM — Edison Electric Illum-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, WASHINGTON— United States Electric Lighting Co.
ILLINOIS, CHICAGO— Chicago Edison Co.
ELGIN — Elgin Edison Light Co.
ROCKFORD— Forest City Electric Light and Power Co.
IOWA, BOONE— Boone Electric Light Co.
DES MOINES — Des Moines Edison Light Co. KANSAS, TOPEKA— Edison Electric Illuminating Co. LOUISIANA, NEW ORLEANS— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
MAINE, SKOWHEGAN— Skowhegan Electric Light Company.
MARYLAND, CUMBERLAND— Edison Electric Il¬ luminating Co.
MASSACHUSETTS, BROCKTON— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
BOSTON— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
FALL RIVER— Edison Electric Illuminating Co. LAWRENCE — Edison Electric Illuminating Co. NEW BEDFORD — Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
I* CO., HARRISON, N. J.
MICHIGAN, DETROIT— Edison Illuminating Co. GRAND RAPIDS— Edison Eight Co. JACKSON— Edison Light Co.
SAULT STE. MARIE— Edison Snult Light and Power Co.
MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS— Edison Light and Power Co.
ST ._ PAUL — Edison Electric Light and Power Co. MISSOURI, KANSAS CITY— Edison Electric Light and Power Co.
NEW JERSEY, ATLANTIC CITY— Electric Light
NEW BRUNSWICK— Edison Electric Illumin¬ ating Co.
PATERSON— Edison Electric Illuminating Co. NEW YORK, AMSTERDAM — Edison Electric Light and Power Co.
BROOKLYN — Edison Electric Illuminating Co. NEWBURGH— Edison Electric Illuminating Co- NEW YORK— Edison Electric Illuminating Co. ROCHESTER — Edison Electric Illuminating Co. OHIO, CINCINNATI — First Cincinnati Edison Elec¬ tric Illuminating Co.
COLUMBUS — Columbus Edison Electric Light Company.
CANTON— Canton Electric Light and Power Co. DAYTON— Dayton Electric Light Co. MIDDLETOWN — Middletown Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
PIQUA— Piqua Edison Electric Illuminating Co. TIFFIN — Tiffin Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
EDISON LAMP C0„ HARRISON, N. J. 31
PENNSYLVANIA, ALTOONA— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
ASHLAND — Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
BELLEFONTE — Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
CHESTER — Chester Electric Light and Power Company.
EASTON — Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
ERIE — Edison Electric Light and Power Co.
HARRISBURGH — Harrisburgh Electric Light Company.
HAZELTON— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
JOHNSTOWN— Johnstown Electric Light Co.
LANCASTER — Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
MCKEESPORT— McKeesport Light Co.
MT. CARMEL— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
NORRISTOWN— Norristown Electric Light and Power Co.
PHILADELPHIA— Edison Electric Light Co.
POTTSVILLE— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
READING— Reading Electric Light and Power Company.
RENOVO — Reuovo Edison Light, Heat and
SCRANTON — Scranton. Illuminating, Heat and Power Co.
SHAMOKIN — Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
SUNBURY— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
TAMAQUA — Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
WEST CHESTER — Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
I., HARRISON, N. J.
WILLIAMSPORT — Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
WILKESBARRE— Wilkesbarre Electric Light Company.
YORK — Eclisoil Electric Light Co.
RHODE ISLAND, NEWPORT— Edison Electric Illuminating Co.
son Elec-
WISCONSIN, APPLETON— Appleton Edison Light
^ The Edison Lain]
in this catalogue may also b •al Sales Agent :
The United Edison Manufacturing Co.
MAIN DISTRICT OFFICES:
Eastern States— 65 Fifth Avenu
Centrai, States—* .
Mountain States — 730 Seven
Pacific States — Chronicle Building, San
EDISON PATENTS IN THE UNITED STATES (Continued).
September 5, 1882. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1S82. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1882. September 19, 188a. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1882. September 19, 1882. October 3, 1882. October 10, 1882. October 24, 1882. October 24, 1882. November 28, 1882. February -6, 1883.
Marc
March
March
August
October
October
S. 1883.
20, 1883. 20, 1883. 20, 1883.
263,878 264, '650
264.653
264.654
264.655
264.656
264.657 264,698 254.737 265,311
265,777
26,6,447
266,588
271,613
273.485
273.486 274,291 274,293
274,295
14, 1883. 3°! 1883.
275,613
13,940
278,415
278,417
287i5i8
287,519
October October December February February 19,
April May August October October November 18, September 16,
May
May ]
November November December December 1 January 1
March June :
287,522
289,837
293,434
293,879
295,398
297,581
297,585
298,679
304,086
307,029
307,031
308,301
305,191
317.631
317.632
317.633 323,150 334,853 34,1,644
341.778 341,839
351.855
351.856 353,783
356,199
358.599
358.600
3651509
370,124
379.779
INFORMATION AND ESTIMATES
Edison Incandescent Electric Light Plants
: MILLS, FACTORIES, HOTELS, ' STEAMSHIPS, &c., &c0 ■_
As;,well as Lamps, Sockets, Cut-outs, Wire and - a11 other, supplies, may he obtained fyom
United Edison Manufacturing Go.,
65 FIFTH AVENUE,
NEW YORK. ,
[ITEM FOUND IN BOOK]
MATERIALS FOR CHEAP BATTERY.
W. will furnish, all complete, packed in box for mailinq, anu of he SiT °n pa^es '? and 18 0f Catal°9ua E. together with
the materials for making the proper number of r«lk nf rkan batten, required to Ugh? it. The^rices "and description of thS • fhe dn ?re 9'ver bel?"' ,These outfits can also be obtained from the dealers mentioned in the catalogue.
'A or^ I Candle Edison Lamp, •
Edison Lamp, '/j or I Candle 1 power, requiring 2 cells of I , Batterg. C
2 Zinc Rods.
2 Wooden Tops.
4 feet Wire.
; Packing and postage, 20c. No, 2._ fl Edison Lamp, 2 Candle pm
2 Candle Power Edison Lamp,
3 cells of
requiring 3 i Carbon Rod:
)f Batterg.
3 Zinc
Complete,
including
Carbc
4 Wooden Tops.
18 feet Wire.
Packing and postage, 30c.
4 ("'anfU* 4b f 1 Edis™ .LamP' 4 Candle power,'
^ Edfson Tamp,61* j 10 SSTfi."11* Ba“^ with materials for j 5 Zinc Rods.
5 cells of 5 Wooden Tops.
racking and postage, 38c.
I Edison Lamp, 6 Candle power,
IZCX;^06115 °( ^
6 Zinc Rods.
6 Wooden Tops.
. 12 feet Wire.
Packing and postage, 45c.
If socketed larr above outfits, the 21, Catalogue E.
No. 5 C
■
-*® FACTS «
{^leetrie
Stationary |T^otors
New YoRKt
Edison General Electric Co..
16 and 18 Broad Street
The Edison Electric : Stationary : Motor.
lj<$l?t, portable,
<5ompaet, Simple,
Durable, Eeoijomieal,
Jlo pire, flo f\ sl^es,
flo U/ater, J'io Er^ipeer,
flo Boiler, jfo ^leetrieiar?,
NO EXTRA INSURANCE.
The Edison General Electric Company, having purchased the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company, will in
EDISON GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
DISTRICT OFFICES:
fHE rapid introduction and extension of electric . circuits which have taken place during the past few years have caused a widespread demand for an efficient and durable electric motor, and one which can readily be used and cared for by the ordinary power user.
Numerous electric motors have been placed on the market, but ours has met the conditions imposed more successfully than any other as our extensive and constantly increasing sales testify.
For efficiency and adaptability to all classes of work our motors are a long way in advance of any other motor yet invented. They have never as yet. failed to give satisfaction in any duty assigned them when properly installed and cared for; and their in¬ stallation is simple and inexpensive, and their care requires little attention.
Our motors are now well known to ‘power users all over the country, and scientific men, practical elec¬ tricians and all persons using them, give them a broad and unqualified indorsement.
The points of their excellence and superiority are
AUTOMATIC IN REGULATION.
Where constant speed Is required with an Inter¬ mittent load, as in the operation of lathes, circular saws, printing presses, etc., we are prepared to fur¬ nish electric motors, the speed of which will not vary with a variation in the load. The regulation of these machines is due wholly to our method of winding, and not to mechanical governors; consequently the governor is inert and there are no moving parts to get out of order.
MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION.
This is of the very best in material and workman¬ ship. The motors supplied by us are built at our manufactory, at Schenectady, N. Y., the largest elec¬ trical supply factory in the world, and our experience m designing and building electrical machinery is second to none in this or any foreign country. All the machines are standardized, and the parts made interchangeable.
We keep on hand at our factory a full supply of a sizes and parts of our motors, and can, therefore, nil promptly any order.
ECONOMY.
Considering the work done, the first cost is 2=; per cent, less than that of any other make of motor. As there are but few parts of the machine exposed to wear, depreciation is slight. We have known in-
°T m°t0rS rumiin2 six months, day and night, without a stop.
SELF-OILING BEARINGS.
The new self-oiling bearings, which are now used on all of our Stationary Motors, are much superior to the ordinary style of oil cup or metalline bearings, and secure absolute reliability against heating, as we”. as perfect lubrication. These bearings do not require attention oftener than about once a week and the oil does not require renewal as often as that’ The supply of oil to the shaft is governed by the requirements of the motor and is absolutely auto¬ matic^ commencing when the motor is put into operation and stopping with the motor. The general arrangement of the bearings is shown by the illustra¬ tion on the opposite page.
NEAT, NOISELESS.
By the use of these bearings all the oil used for lubrication is enclosed within the bearing, and there is no throwing or spattering of oil.
Our new motor is as neat and noiseless as the best made sewing machine.
The motor is nou-sparking, due to the neutral
ZghiTf held-w under the brushes>
changing by variation m load. This feature is a of theem°ot!rreat eC°n°my " ** Mai»te™nee and life
Jlirr ftr!bUti°n 0fP°wer our motors t absolutely harmless to persons and property.
CONVENIENT.
Our motors are mounted on rails, as shown in the illustration on page i, and their distance from the machine or countershaft can be varied by the rail bolts, and any belt slack can thus be taken up. Four brushes, with the same number of brush hold¬ ers, are used, by means of which the position and tension of the brushes on the commutator can be varied. Other details of mechanical and electrical construction which add to the ease of operating these motors have been adopted, so that they are now the most convenient and reliable of any on the market.
COMPACT.
Another advantage, and a most important one, too, is the remarkable saving of space for machinery. As much as 25 H. P. of our electrical machinery for power can be set up in a space of less than five feet square.
An instance of the convenience of this economy of space is shown on page n, where the entire motive power for operating an elevator at the building of the Manufacturers’ National Bank is supplied by the motor, which is mounted on a stand and does not occupy valuable space.
To real estate owners this means that the upper stories of their buildings are as rentable for manu¬ facturing purposes as if there was steam power in the building, while the cost of insurance is not in¬ creased as would be the case if a steam plant was introduced.
SIMPLE.
Our motors are much simpler to operate than a steam, gas, water or any other style of motor, and all the knowledge necessary to their proper care can be easily acquired by any painstaking person. Full instructions in regard to the care of motors ac¬ company each machine.
SIZES AND HORSE POWER.
The motors are of all sizes, from one-tenth horse power to one hundred and fifty horse power. The horse power is in all cases guaranteed by certificate with each motor.
STYLES OF MOTORS.
We have a variety of methods for winding our motors, depending upon the kind of work to be per¬ formed by them.
Full information in regard to the most desirable styles of winding for particular classes of work can be obtained at our head office in New York, or at any of our branch offices.
SUPERIORITY TO OTHER METHODS.
Transmitted power by the electric system using our motors has great advantages over steam, water, gas, compressed air or wire rope. Its system of con¬ ductors is far more flexible in its arrangements, and is capable of a more ready ramification and distribu¬ tion than any other of its competitors. It is operated under much higher pressure, and so can be distributed with smaller conductors and much less investment of time, labor and money.
ADAPTATION UNIVERSAL.
Any work that a steam engine can do can be done by our motor, and in most cases will be done with more satisfaction and economy. Our motors are now used in more than one hundred and fifty varieties of industry in this country. One of the most important, as well as exacting, of these in¬ dustries, is that of elevator work, in houses, hotels, warehouses, mills, etc.
A careful test was made some time ago as to the amount of energy delivered by one of our 15 H. P. motors to a couple of fast speed freight elevators, running in the paper warehouse of Carter, Rice & Co., of Boston.
The trial was made with an Emerson Power Scale, under the direction of J. W. Clark, architect, assisted by Professors Lanza and Puffer, of the Institute of Technolog}'. The results show a development of the full guaranteed horse power of the motor, an efficiency of over 90 per cent., and a result in every way satis¬ factory.
MILL. USE.
It has been demonstrated in practical use, that as large a per cent, of reconverted power from ourmotor cau be delivered for work from the motor pulleys as can be obtained in the average mill by direct appli¬ cation by belts and shafting.
LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION OF POWER.
For the long distance transmission of power from water falls or other cheap sources of energy we are prepared to furnish motors wound for the necessary high voltage. To facilitate the installation of such plants, we have standardized motors wound for twelve hundred volts, and any horse power up to 150 horse power. We have patterns ready for supplying on short notice special motors for any voltage up to 6,000 volts, and any horse power up to 600 horse power. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS.
We illustrate in this circular several types of our special motor applications. One of these is an electric hoist, and the other is a combination of electric motor and fan. We are constantly at work at designing and manufacturing these special applications, and will be pleased to undertake any work of this charac¬ ter, for which our large facilities in the line of de¬ signing and manufacturing give us special advan¬ tages.
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS.
Our standard motors can be used on any constant potential, direct current, electric circuit. Most cir¬ cuits operating incandescent electric lamps, and most street railway circuits are of this character.
COST OF OPERATION.
The prices charged by electric companies for cur¬ rent for operating our motors vary in different locali¬ ties, but the average price per year, where the motor is used ten hours per day, is about $100.00 per horse power for motors up to 5 horse power, and a less rate for larger sizes of motors. Exact prices can be ob- tained upon application, with necessary information in any particular case.
CONSTANT CURRENT MOTORS.
In many instances a constant potential electric current for operating motors can not be obtained, and a constant current or arc light circuit service is the only one available.
For such cases we are prepared to furnish a special type of motor, illustrated on the opposite page, wound especially for constant current or arc light circuits. These motors are built in sizes of from % horse power to yj/2 horse power. A special circular descrip¬ tive of our constant current motors, will be sent on application.
TESTIMONIALS.
We are in receipt of a large number of unsolicited testimonials from the users of our motors, speaking in the highest terms of the durability, reliability and convenience of our apparatus. We publish in this pamphlet a list of some of our stationary motor cus¬ tomers in this country. We have in addition to these sales, shipped large numbers of our standard motors to England, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Japan, China, Argentine Republic, Transvaal, and other foreign countries.
We add here a list of some of the usi stationary motors :
BOOT AND SHOE MACHINERY.
Fastening
Kelly...,
1 '.it i;;ii i i
• Hrockton; .Hrockton, •Hrockton,
Dickinson & Co.....'.'.'.'....'.'.' Dickinson, Fisher & Lane!.’ N. Y. Leather Findings Co.. L .H o luj o u i s .
G. II. Congdon .
H. P. Hahhvin, 2d & Co ..
New England Shoe Co .
II. C. Godinan .
•New Orleans, .New Orleans,
......Detroit, Mi
. Detroit, Mi
. Columbus,
BUTTON HOLE MACHINERY.
txcclsior Dutton
CARPENTERS AND ENGRAVERS' MACHINERY.
CASH RAILWAY SYSTEMS.
...Ilrockton, M
Washington, D ..... Jack son, M
Centennial American Tea Co Henry E. Kaynioml....'::.^.v..., Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co....
Woonsocket Machine &*i»o
Pawtucket Gas Co .
Great Atlantic & Pacific Te
Newton & Robinson .
Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co.., Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co..
COFFEE MILLS.
. Woonsocket, R. I.
. Pawtucket, R. I.
. Hartford, Conn.
. Hartford, Conn.
. New York City.
. Washington, D. C.
. Washington, D. C.
. Washington, D. C.
. New Orleans, La.
£33 . Elgin; Ills.
. Louisville-, Ky.
. Grnml Rapids, .Micfi.
....Spokane Palls, Wash.
COFFEE ROASTERS.
CONFECTIONERY AND DRUG MILLS.
RMteyTco S°" . •
•New York City. .New York City. ..Louisville, Ky.
DENTISTS’ MACHINERY, ETC.
Osgood & Flagg .
Dr jf F ®0'“,1,lson . www mm w„si,f
LAUNDRY MACHINERY.
ID MISCELLANEOUS
MACHINERY.
Ir.
(• Sewing Machines continued .)
Reliance Corset'co..0 . . ]]
.{• Bortree Manufacturing Co.........]
Michigan^ Overall Manufacturing Co. .. . Custom Shirt Co..! .
. . . ••jnckson, Mich.
.... Grand Rapids, Mich. ....Grand Rapids, Mich. . Kansas City, Mo.
. Waukeslmv
m RERNERY tramways.
. . Kast llostou, ]
H ESfr* . San 1?rn»cisco,
| , transfer tables.
U- R- C0 . l-Voi
1 lilmMphm & Reading Railroad Co...'.
u‘isS„I'crc‘:aoR\Qt,cy R- R- C
West Ray City I,„Uu trial w orks Wcst“C Cu';.'
traveling cranes
. Wiijmjclphlr
Pennsylvania Railroad Co... Philadelphir
A11,S & t0' Rchn"^ Works MilnauS;
.uj.co8gi„ . TIN machinery.
K. B. Campbell . . . .
J- M. Beau . , , . .
H. Haller Manufacturing Co.'!;!!!!]!*]]]! .
r , VENTILATORS.
George Francis .
Adams House ’ . . .
Edisou^Electric IlV.’ Co“!!!!!!!'.!sSv^i^^^^g|
Old Elm Restaurant....
........Boston’, Mass!
..New Orleans, La.
JJlcl Elm Restaurant . .
|c6|£?‘rf-
Sliawinut Xnt
Edison Electric Ill, c
Oak Grove Farm .
Edison Electric III. C
Unger & Smithcrs..., .
I’. Van Evcm . ""
Carter, Sloaue & Co— ' I ■ ■ ■ i, hi....
Seymour, Raker & Co
. llostou, Mass.
. Boston, Mass.
....Fall River, Unss.
. N< •".t’orK citv!
. New Vork City.
. New York City.
. New York City.
-••New York City. . New York City.
■™w York City.
. New York City.
. New York
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC EDISON MACHINE WORKS
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC EDISON UNITED MANUFACTURING COMPANY
iNesNDeseeNT etecTRie imqhtinq.
Edison
Central Stations.
lash Basis.
Edison United ManiilaGturiiig Co.,
m ■ ■ 65 Fifth Avenue, New York.
|
! THERE HRE UPWARDS |
Edison United Manufacturing Co, |
|
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE 1 “ |
65 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, SOLE LICENSEE |
|
1 ^DlSOfl Sj/rpOflS |
|
|
■■ j . . AND OVER |
EDISOK ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. |
|
| ■ ' ONE MILLION |
Electric Light Plants |
|
EDISON LAMPS |
UPON THE CASH BASIS; |
|
| . ; . U nited States; ■ |
ALL ISOLATED PLANT INSTALLATIONS |
|
x ! < ESTIMATES FOR CENTRAL STATIONS AND ISOLATED I |
ALL CEjWpAh SVATT©j\!S IN TOWNS WHICH IN 1880 HAD A POPULATION NOT |
|
| PLANTS FURNISHED. ‘ : • ] |
I EXCEEDING 10,000 INHABITANTS. |
THE EDISON SYSTEM OF CENTRAL STATION LIGHTING.
■OEFORE investing liis money, a prudent man will inquire ns to the character and scope of the enterprise in which ho contemplates embarkiug.
In this connection, attention is called to the fact that the term “ Electric Lighting ” is so wholly inadequate as a description of the industry of manufacturing, distributing and selling electrical energy, as to be misleading in the extreme.
Any “ system ” which is available only for the single purpose of lighting is necessarily so heavily handicapped, ns agninst a system which is capable of universal adaptation, as to be prac¬ tically out of the race.
It is imperative, therefore, that the intending investor shall inquire as to the adaptability of the system presented to his notice to all the requirements of the community which he de- siroB to serve, os, for instance : Light, Power, Heat, Ventilation, and the manifold industrial and other uses to which electricity is now being applied with phenomenal rapidity.
To the end of directing the inquirer intelligently, wo will endeavor to indicate of what and how such a universal system is constituted.
A universal system must possess the following elementary components :
1st. A continuous current in one direction.
2d. Uniform pressure.
3d. Maximum of safety.
4tli. Absolute reliability.
5th. A practically unlimited supply.
6th. Minimum cost.
7tli. Means of measuriilg.
8th. Comi>lete control by the user of the energy supplied to him.
It is owing to the fact that these components are all em-
bodied in the Edison system that wo nro enabled to point to the work done by the Edison Companies and show over ono million Jnmps in aotivo successful operation in tho United States.
THE TWO KINDS OF ELECTRIC LIGHTS.
STCHE term “ olootrio light ” convoys to the majority of people 1 but ono impression, that of a very bright light which flickers and hurts the eyes of tlioso who use it, and which employs an electric current of such strength as to cause tho instant death of tlioso who receive its full force. These lights are known as •• nro lights,” and are familiar to every one from tho fact of their being used to light the streets of cities and towns. These lights have their uses and advant¬ ages, but where ono arc lamp is used by the public there is a demand for a thousand of tlioso smnll, soft, perfectly steady lights of tho brightness of a good gas jet, or ns much brighter ns is wished, known as incandescent electric lights with which tho namo of Edison is linked throughout the entire civilized world. These incandescent lamps are not intended to produco ns largo an amount of light at ono point ns an nro lamp, but the powor used in an arc light can he used to produco from 10 to 20 incandescent lights, which may be so placed, that in a groat majority of oases, much more satisfactory results’ are produced than can bo obtained from an arc light ; in fact it was to accomplish this subdivision that Mr. Edison invented tho incandescent lamp.
THE SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES OF THE EDISON LIGHT. U£HE general adoption of the incandescent electric light by I the public is no longer a matter of uncertainty. Wherever
an Edison central station has been established, the light has become popular and has been generally adopted, no •matter what other light contested the field. The greater value of this statement will bo more apparent when wo ndd that there are upwards of one hundred and twenty-five Edison central stations at present in operation in the United States.
The advantages claimed forth© incandescent eleotrio light are not imaginary, hut are real and substantial; argument is not needed to show them; they ore now seen and appreciated by the general pubho almost universally.
The sanitary advantages of the light are conceded, but the qualities above all others which recommend it are its sa/cty and easy adaptability to nil conditions. ’ nnv„„ ^1“.°“ be applied more directly and efficiently than I any other light, the lamps being inverted ; their supports cast I no downward shadows, and the whole of the light is thrown on and no°flamn gf A* tho lnD1Ps S™ very little heat
S - -“■«
For desk lights they have no equal ; they can bo used near j the bend without discomfort from heat, and the light can be S c ,°m t “Wl tbl0wn UP°“ the £s no other can bo used0'' Th° ^ tlle lamps Prodnco no gases, and cases “ °“ °£ 10DtlBr °10m “valuable in many '
otheSlitS S’0"?*0118 °f 0,0 V'eU t0 °°™™ona which no J lid, t n \ T° lnnumo™Wb, and very many users of the S other liS " "'hiCh tI,6y n6Ver C°uld Prod"“
CONVENIENCE. |
rSIiS 1fSllt °p °xti,,,8uisl1 “ 'nmP «t any lime from a 1 to m“ny useful and
populai applications. For instance: a cellar carrot lms
Slipsas
incmKleSscentlightS;otLta!nedSn10 ** **
“;f„ i1 tz
LAMPS OF VARIOUS CANDLE POWER.
JUHB Edison system supplies lamps of 4, 6, 8, 10, 18, 10, 20, | 24, 32, 60, 100, 150 and 250 candle power per lamp, which
con bo used interchangeably at any point throughout the circuits. To the producer who sells the light, and to the con¬ sumer who buys it, these are some of the elements of com¬ mercial success.
LIGHTING FROM CENTRAL STATIONS AND BY PRIVATE OR ISOLATED PLANTS.
tJLJE have two distinct methods of supplying the Edison “M light to the public : the first, embodying the principles which Mr. Edison has from the beginning proposed, namely, the establishment of central stations and the supplying of light to a large number of customers from this source, in the same
from gas or electric light companies. Any person so wishing, can purchnse a complote plant enabling him to make his own light as he needs it, and thus get it at cost price. Such plants, known ns isolated plants, complete in all their details, are sold and installed by this company. Over 1,000 such plants aggre¬ gating about 500,000 lamps, have been sold and nro now iu opera¬ tion in the United States. The installation and use of these
isolated plants, mostly by individual enterprise, have involved private investments varying in each case from $500 to $50,000. No other evidence' could more forcibly demonstrate — 1st, that the light, as a light, must be, and is, giving satisfaction; 2d, that being usod on so largo a scale, its economy is firmly estab¬ lished; and 3d, owing to the largo sums, of money invested in plants by individuals and corporations, the value of tlic system ns an investment has been determined beyond possibility of doubt.
It is found tlmt tho cost of the light in mills, etc., (where attendance and power are present, but including a proportion of their cost), is equal to gas at forty conts to ono dollar per thousand foot, varying with tho cost of fuel and tho number of hours’ daily uso. Our records show abundant and conclusive proof of this statement.
THE EDISON CENTRAL STATION SYSTEM.
XXJE now offer to tho publio a system of lighting which lias successfully competed with tho best managed gas plants, not only ns a means of furnishing light, but also as a business giving satisfactory returns for the capital invested.
Tho first distributing station built by tho Edison Company was m the financial centre of New York, and was put in opera¬ tion September 4, 1882, and from that day to tho present time has been in continuous operation. For this station, which was designed to supply 15,000 lights, there was absolutely no shadow of precedent in the world ; consequently, the station and system were essentially experimental, and cost very much more than they could be now reproduced for. Notwithstanding all these drawbacks and disadvantages, tho capacity of tho station was speedily reached, and an annex station has been built to supply the still increasing demand for lights. At no time lias the light boon furnished chcapor than gas at 82.25 per 1,000 feet, although the price of gas has been twice reduced in this district. In spite of all these disadvantages, however this station 1ms, for nearly three years, paid regular dividends upon its abnormally largo capital, and will undoubtedly continue to be a permanent dividend earner.
uintK EARLY STATIONS.
©N July 4th, 1883, tho first station on the three-wire syst te was started in Sunbury, Penna. Prom that time until t present Mr. Edison and his co-laborers have bent all til energies to perfecting the details of the Central Station syste th tho successful results, as our present record slioi
Many of tho early stations may now bo called experimental I stations, but all of them, in spite of tho bitterest opposition, havo furnished a light which lias taken a full share of the illum¬ inating business of its locality. The experionco gninod in the construction and operation of tlieso stations lias enabled us to construct and operate a largo numbor of other stations, wliioli not only furnish a light that is superior to any other, but also pay good dividends upon tho capital invested. Wo therefore make and can sustain the assertion, that in any. moderately prosperous oily or toum in tho United States, a central station can he in¬ stalled by tho Edison Company that, with proper management, will pay good dividends.
That the Central Station business of tho Edison Company is oil a good substantial basis is shown by tho growth of its business and its condition to-day. Where, less than six years ago, there was only one Edison station running, there now are upwards of one hundred and twenty -flue, and the number being organized and constructed at the present is very much greater than at any previous time.
These stations employ, in tho aggregate, over S15,000,000 capital, and havo capacities varying in different cases from 300 to 40,000 lamps.
FORMATION OF COMPANIES.
Stock Basis. •
THE patents (numbering over 350) covering Incandescout Electric Lighting in all its details are owned and controlled by the Edison Electric Light Company (which wo will call tho Parent Company), from whom all liconses to uso tho same must proceed. In' largo cities and towns, tho Parent Compnny deals directly with Companies formed for operating Edison sta¬ tions therein, taking as a consideration for tho franchise a certain proportion of the capital stock of such sub-companies, and thus becoming a partner in the enterprise. In this case, the Parent Compnny defers its profits, ns tho local company is given the right to purchnse all apparatus forming part of the system from the liconsed manufacturers at factory prices.
10
11
OaSii Basis.
Bor smaller towns and villages, of 10,000 population and under, wo have acquired from tho Parent Company tlio exclusive- license to form local illuminating companies, and to deal with them. Our method, however, differs from that of tho Parent Company, in that we sell outright the apparatus for tho Central Stations which are formed under our auspices, and do not require any portion of tho capital stock of the local companies. Iu this case, therefore, tho entire Central Station plant and its profits belong wholly to the local compnny.
CONSTRUCTION OF STATIONS.
TOHE Edison Central Stations aro constructed in accordance 1 with tho given standards that our experience, oxtending over six years, shows aro host adapted for tho purpose! This experienco points out forcibly that there aro two elements which it is absolutely essential to observe in the construction and operation of stations, namoly, reliability and economy.
These essentials call for tho most experienced supervision in the laying out and construction of the stations, to tho end that the confidence of tho pnblio may bo gained for tho light and the stations made to pay good profits on the investment.
The principles upon which Edison stations are constructed exclude any ideas of false economy.
It is a false economy which draws the line at tho minimum of investment in a central station, mid, therefore, wo solve the problem of reliability by a judicious liberality of expenditure , in the first cost of tho plant, and by having the' power split up ‘ ...to sovoial small units instead of concentrating it into one or two larger ones.
Looation op Station. — Whoro steam is tho only available source of power, tho station should bo centrally located in re¬ lation to the district to be lighted. Of course, convenience to lmlroad siding or water should receive due consideration in saving for transportation of coal and obtaining necessary water ! supply. In case good, reliable water power is available, the
location of tho station in relation to tho district to be lighted j “eed not enter into consideration so muoh, as any water power ' within a convenient distance of a few miles can bo readily and economically utilized.
Steam Plant— Engines.— IVe have found from experience with all classes of engines that it is by far the most preferable to use high-speed engines directly belted to the dynamo. This is the only true economy for the varying load which tliore is in any incandescent light plant, where the average load for the entire run is 40 to 60% of the maximum. They are oheapor not only for the installation, but also for the running expenses under the conditions which exist in any incandescent light plant.
Steam Plant — Boilehs. — Plain horizontal tubular boilers of standard manufacture have been found to fulfill the require¬ ments in the majority of coses, except where the economy of space is very important, and power must be concentrated within a small area, in which case sectional boilers are desirable.
Dynamos. — We consider it desirable to divide tho total capacity into several pairs, all of tho same capacity. This sub¬ division of dynamos enables tho different ones to be shut down or thrown in as the load decreases or increases, and by having them of tho same power, there is required only one set of nec¬ essary spare or duplicate parts.
COST OF STATIONS.
If we are furnished with a correct map of the district to be lighted, showing the proposed distribution of lights, we can make nu exact estimate of the amoimt for which we will contract to put in the whole plant complete, and deliver the same in working order to tho purchasers ; or, if it is desired, we will furnish an estimate for tho electrical and steam plant, and do the work of installing the plant for the purchasers on the basis of receiving a certain percentage upon the cost of the equipment. Should tho purchasers desire to purchase then- own materials, (other than tho Edison apparatus), and ornploy their ovvn labor to install the plant, wo will furnish a competent engineer at a stipulate price per day to supervise
and direct the installation of tho plant in accordance with our method.
It will bo seen, therefore, that wo do not seek to bind the purchasers of a central station to accept our bids for the actual setting up of the plant, but leave them freo to purchase their own materials and employ their own labor, our only restriction being that the station shall bo installed in accordance with our specifications, which are the outgrowth of over sis years' expori-
A central station so installed will, with careful and capable management, earn good profits on tl.o amount invested. This statement may bo amply verified from the results obtained in existing Edison stations, whoro good profits are being earned and a substantial, growing business is being developed
METHOD OF CHARGING FOR LIGHT, p cities and large towns, where it would not bo possible to . maintain a close supervision of tl.o lights, the Edison meter m all cases furnishes the data from which customers’ bills are Td h,°s hint * TT1' ]T " moter upon M. own premises, meter shows. lm'Ym0Ut “ "hat Hie
The ^stem of charging for lights from smaller stations, he o tl o ii nbei of individual customers i 1 itod i ir tomm-ataa8,a^1°-fih1“l1 td0p0"‘l8 upon coutrnot each cus- 3v L„ P ied late f* Inrap P« ]>* Mm charge is usually from one to one and a half cents per hour for every 16
p,ices tho stations
chiefly during the day time, provide a profitable nmrkot for the current at a time when there is the least lighting, thus malting day running of the station a moans of adding largely to tho profits. J
Electric motive power is a positive boon to a small town or
ELECTRIC POWER.
^HchWf^00tl'i0mO.tO1'S’fO1'Opel'ati”S "11 kinds of: 1 cl ne0 , from a sewing machine up, has grown so rap:
that tha f ° ,01mu /0r eleotrio power is 80 great and uuiver that the furnishing of power forms a very important part of Echson central stations. The motors being used by custom
village, where there ore many who would use power were it not | that steam engines and boilers are too expensive a luxury for them. Put within the rench of such persons, a small machine | which, by the mere turning of a switch, will run their sewing machines, lathes, printing presses, hoists, elevators,' saw-mills
, n0t 0nly cheaP1-V. but cleanly and alLst
noiselessly, and the opportunity will be quickly grasped. j Aa*deotnom°torrBn from an Edison station is the most! nvement, most reliable, and most easily controlled sourco oil power imaginable. Always ready, it can be started or stopped*! by turning a switch , it is only necessary to oil two beaSmf and all is ready, and on turning the switch there is at oncost
auirin^°m61’;f e £** Work q"i0tly> oleanly and well, andlrc- quinng little if any attention.
Manufacturers or others using small power, or using peter intermittently, can get their power cheaper from a motor L from a central station than from any other sourco. 1
Any work that a steam engine can do, the electric motor can do, and m most cases will do it more satisfactorily. Those ho have paid most attention to this subject, say that supply!
from motom is a very considerable part of their income. (
general considerations.
RE0M t,h° fol°eoi“g foots, which show very briefly the in » i1? EJia°U sys‘em. it will be o^vious tbat Hieie is
i us“esf. and ono which is protected in everu detail by the Patents owned by the Edison Electric TAahi Company, a lull review of which wiU be found in the "iJd" book on patents, which will be sent to any person dLi^g a
GAS COMPANIES.
their territory, with the lean ppiying light and power in tlieir money there is tobe»»detom«B^B 8 ^ exiat are
localities. The conditions under wine gas 1 station
peculiarly favorable to heir also adophng the oen system of incandescent f for electric located in the territory ; their planUs fixed^, fu^ ^ ^ . light purposes is obcapei o ^ o6nU attend to both
they already have a 8 . £ tll6 town requires ;
branches ; they know vhathelghtmg ^ gtee#t#.
ns ass* s astf arysf=
supplying of power iu their territories.
ARC LIGHT COMPANIES. mHEKE are also many ^
T JS.”
incandescent lighting ot a ^ues rUn, the
have the station already 1118 ir0 'm good position
manager engaged and. - wA - the arc to operate to advantag bv them. These points have
candescent “n,tk®. “”h|19 gUoi/tliis to be a costly and
olineut into the X vate ] o eholl " " ” ° “H lo 1 8
^ ni'i80S h' tb° —‘T of investors,
entod inventions comprising!!* 'fijf T °f tho !»*-
anrt practicability of Mr Edison’s,', :lstom' rho possibility contradicted b,’ so vend Sn.„„ii montlo»s wore at first flatly feasibility and commercial success of' ft but “ftor tlm been fully demonstrated, they proceeded , Mlsou systom llatl lously avail tliomsolves of tl,n,v , r ' ° lt oncc to nnsorupu- Not only have tl o decried,
arrogated to themselves Z tSo , *** ^e
impudently appropriated. On tlmsn , ‘toi's of tllQ Patents so beforo the uninitiated public with so ° u",8 they “10 fading
ii3Ui„3l"s1s,r ■ *■“«
vested money on tho stromal, T , * 10 Parties 'vll° _
There are now 1m , SUCh 1'°l»^entationS.
>>y the Edison Company asaiust'fnf^h01' °f aotiolls brouSlit upon the patents which w0fe BL t]leir ^ousees md which entirely cover Inanul ! EdlSon nn<1 others, *■ details. Similar suits ImvTlmen i ^ '» ««
.^’srs?
stB ”rt“x sf?
nd impartially examine the same rith ! Carof,%
liemsolvos that our statements and claims al™cl°efctC.OUVm0iUS
THE EDISON UNITED MANUFACTURING CO.,
65 FIFTH AVENUE, wcu,
|(
PLAN FOR EDISON CENTRAL STATION. to 900 Lights, with Ultimate Capacity for 1,200
1,800 Lights.
AGENCIES.
Horald B’ldlng, Boston, Mass. 1 108 So. 4Ui St., Plilla., X’n.
02 YT. 4th St., Cincinnati, 0.
188 Jefferson Are., Botrolt, Mich. Garfield Building, Brooklyn, N. Y. lVolden Building, Jorsoy City, N. J. 788 Broad St., Newark, N. J. Minneapolis, Minn.
Chetopn, Kansas.
85 Fifth Avenue, N. Y.
87 Shonnard St., Syracuse, N.
Excelsior Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Boom 425 “Tho Ilookory,”
Chicago, III 84 Turner Building, St. louls, Mo 828 Pino Streot,
THE EDISON UNITED MANUFACTURING CO.,
6s FIFTH AVENUE, N. Y.
AGENCIES.
Herald B'ldlng, Boston, Mass. 10S So. 4th St., Philo., Pn.
92 W. 4th St., Cincinnati, 0.
Go Firth Atouuo, N. Y.
87 Slionnard St, Syracuse, N. Y. j Twcddlo Building Albany, N. V. j
133 Jefferson At., Dotroit,Mich. Excolslor Bulldli Garffold Build's, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Weldon B’ld’g, Jorsoy City, N. J.
700 Broad St, Nouark, N. J.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Chotopn, Kansas.
20 Carondolot Sti
Pittsburgh, Pa.
5th ar
Now Orloans, la. 1 Tatnall Sts., Wilmington, Bel. 70 Opera Mouse Block,
Bonvor, Col.
484 Kamgo Building.
Sonttlo, Wash. Tor. Atlanta, Go. Larnmio, City, Wyoming Territory.
THE EDISON DNITED MANUFACTURING CO,
65 fifth avenue, n. y.
LIST
EDISON PLANTS
THERE ARE NOW ' IN THE UNITED STATES OVER
1200 EDISON ISOLATED PLANTS 140 CENTRAL STATIONS.
HAVING A CAPACITY OF OVER
1,250,000 EDISON LAMPS,
AND EMPLOYING A CAPITAL OF
$25,000,000.
.4 ....
* • GUARANTEE • •
TWELVE 16 CANDLE POWER * LAMPS, *
MECHANICAL HORSE POWER.
AGENCIES..
65 Fifth Avenue, H. T. City.
87 Shonnard St,, Syracuse, N. Y'. Tweddle Building, Albany, N. T. Excelsior Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Boom 426, “The Eookery,”
Chicago, I1L 34 Turner Building, St. Louis, Mo. 323 Pine St., San Franoisco, Col. 434 Bamge Building, Omohe, Neb. Seattle, Washington Territory.
6 th & Tatnall Sts., Wilmington, Del. Atlanta, Ga.
70 Opera House Blook, Denver, Ool. Laramie City, Wyoming Territory .
65 Fifth Avenue, New York.
THE EDISON
Incandescent Electric Light
IN HOTELS.
'J'1 II ERE arc few business men to whom the question of arti¬ ficial lighting is more important than to proprietors of hotels, involving, as it docs, the serious considerations of
The traveling public soon learn to appreciate in the hotels the advantages of alight which, while it throws out no heat, smoke or noxious gases, is a pleasant, soft and steady light, and above all, gives assurance of the maximum of immunity from danger of fire or asphyxiation.
Edison system of incandescent electric lighting is far ahead of any other system of artificial illumination ; in fact, the experi¬ ence of some of our customers clearly and conclusively proves that their light costs less than half the amount formerly paid by
Herald Building, Boston, Mnss.
108 So. 4th St, Philo., Pn.
92 W. 4th St, Cincinnati, 0.
133 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. Garfield Building, Brooklyn, N. Y. Weldon Building, Jersoy City, N. J. 766 Broad St, Nowark.N. J. Minneapolis, Minn.
Ohetopa, Kansas.
20 Garondolot St, New Orleans, La.
New York, January 26, 1886; Wilms I-Iowe, Limlcll Hotel, St. Louis:
The Edison light gives us great satisfaction; we believe it to be the best.
Ciias. L. Wktherihsk, Buckingham Hotel.
Wilms Howe, Lindcil Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.:
Huntikc & Hammond,
Proprs. Murray Ilill Hotel.
' There are bow in the United Stales over
1200 EDISON ISOLATED PLANTS
140 CENTRAL STATIONS,
HAVING A CAPACITY OF OVER
1,250,000. EDISON LAMPS,
AMD EMPLOYING A CAPITAL OF
$25,000,000.
We Guarantee Twelve 16 Candle Power Lamps
To the Mechanical Horse Power.
THE DEADLY PARALLEL.
The Difference Between Continuous and ALL Systems of Alternating Currents as Applied to Electric Lighting.
|
EDITORIAL Pittsburgh Press, Wednesday, May S/A, “The first stop in tills country toward substi¬ tuting electricity for tlio ropo in oxooutlons 1ms boon nmdo in Now York. Pittsbmg 1ms a huml in it. too. Tiiroo Wcstlnghouso alter- |
Extract from bid and specifi¬ cation to Oil City, by Edison United Manufacturing Company, May 10th, 1889: |
|
imtiiig-currciit electric light dynamos lmvo been plnced in tho State Prisons at Sing Sing, Auburn |
|
|
of tho flame pressure us that used for electric lighting, and it will cause death in 30 seconds. determine the vitality of cadi condemned crlin- |
“We further agree |
|
Plttsburgor is very soothing to our local prido, and wo shall watch anxiously for the outcomo of the 11 rat at ompt to muntigo an execution by electricity. Theoretically It has long slnco been |
that the current is |
|
by an application of the electric current is much surer, speedier mid more merciful than by choking tile victim to dentil with an luch-and- a-hnlf soaped rope. Now York is a largo State, -d thorojs plenty of crime there. No doubt it |
absolutely harm- |
|
lmting-eurront will he presented, and then wo shall lmvo nil opportunity of judging whether the volts furnished by tho Westinghousc ma¬ chine are comfortably fatal when scientifically |
less, no matter how |
|
It may depend somewhat' upon tho kind of man that is submitted to tlio operation. A tougli “Whyo" from the Bowery might bo able to resist tho pressure, and to' grin sarcastically while the current wns sent clmslug over him, ill a futile ofi'ort to find u vulnerable spot. It is |
one may come in |
|
spot iu most men somewhere. To locate this weak spot should bo tho task of tho executioner, so that ho can apply the current directly to it, and not cause nuy unpleasant exhibitions like |
contact with it,” |
|
wlioro tho ropo has broken or the knot bus slipped, leaving a linlf-straugle'd wretch between earth nnd heaven, belonging properly to neither |
|
|
place, nor even to tlio nether regions where murderers woro supposed to go before It became tho fuslilon to send them out of tho world in nn odor of snnotity.” |
We further desire to call your attention to the fact that this applies to the systems in use by the WSSmOHOCSE, TIIOIUSON-IIOESTON, FORT WAYNE .TENNEY', and all others using alternating currents of electricity.
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - DOMESTIC GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
1T~ - — - - - - - r -
FIRST
annual report
OF THE
General Electric Company.
JANUARY 3 1, 1 893.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
F. L. AMES,
C. A. COFFIN,
T. JEFFERSON COOLIDGE, Jit., C. H. COSTER,
THOMAS A. EDISON,
EUGENE GRIFFIN,
F. S. HASTINGS,
HENRY L.' HIGGINSON, ;
P. 0. MILLS,
J. PIERPONT MORGAN,
II. MolC. TWOMBLY.
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES - FOREIGN
EDISON & SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, LTD.
EDISON AND SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC
/?*>
LIM.IT.ED.
DIRECTORS.
JAMES STAATS FORBES, Esquire, Chairman. FREDERICK RICHARDS. LEYLAND, Esquire, Deputy Chairman. THE VISCOUNT ANSON,
SHELFORD BIDWELL, Esquire, F.R.S. COLONEL ERNEST VILLIERS.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT.
i. The Directors herewith present their Report and the Accounts for the year ending 30th June, 1888.
a. The sale of lamps has progressed in a satisfactory manner du.ing the year. The volume of the Company’s business has increased, and has resulted in a credit balance of ,£25,123 9 s. yd.
3. The Directors have already informed the Shareholders that in the recent suit against Mr. Holland, one of the users of the Anglo-American Brush Incandescent lamps, Mr. Justice Kay decided that the Defendant infringed the Company’s Cheesbrough Patent, but that the Edison Patent under which he was sued, was invalid.
4. The Directors, after consultation with their -legal advisers, lodged an Appeal against Mr. Justice Kay’s decision on the Edison Patent. The Appeal will probably be heard before Christmas.
_ 5' The P°ssess!°n or the Cheesbrough Patent gives the Company a decided advantage over other makers of Incandescent Lamps; and as this Patent has been pronounced valid by two Courts of First Instance, as well
as, in one case, by the Court of Appeal, the Directors hope that the Company may not be put to any further necessity to defend their rights as to this valuable Patent.
6. The Anglo-American Brush Company have brought two actions against the Company : the one in connection with electrical distribution, and the other alleging that we infringe one of their Patents, in a matter of detail, in the manufacture of our lamps. The former is a matter of small concern to the Company, and in the latter we are advised that we* have a complete answer to the alleged infringement. Much .as the Directors regret these legal proceedings, they feel that they have no choice but to defend the Company’s rights.
7. Lord Thurlow’s Amendment of the Electric Lighting Act of 1883 is leading to a considerable development of Electric Lighting, and to a corres¬ ponding increase in the Company’s business.
8. Mr. J. S. Fokiies and Mr. F. R. Leyland retire from the Board, and offer themselves for re-election as Directors.
9. Messrs. Ouilter, Wei.ton & Co., the Auditors, also retire, and offer themselves for re-election.
1 3, Albert Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W.
S. FLOOD PAGE,
Secretary.
The Edison and Swan United Electric Light Company, Limited.
Dr. PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT roit the Yeah ended 30m June, 1888. Or.
Examined and Appeared,
QUILTED, WELTON & Co.,
London, SSlh July, 1SSS.
EDISON AND SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC
_8_
91
LIMITED.
DIRECTORS.
JAMES STAATS FORBES, Esquire, Chairman. FREDERICK RICHARDS LEYLAND, Esquire, Deputy Chairman. THE VISCOUNT ANSON.
SHELFORD BIDWELL, Esquire, F.R.S. ERNEST VILLIERS, Esquire.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.
i. The Directors have the pleasure of presenting to the Shareholders their Report, and the Accounts for the year ending 30th June, 1891.
a. The business of the Company has resulted in a credit balance of .£72,905 4s. 7d., out of which the Directors have appropriated the sum of ^3,4 25 14s. 8d. to meet loss on realisation of dynamo account, taken over at the amalgamation; and ,£12,371 14s. 7<1. has been absorbed by the payment of an interim dividend on the A Shares, at the rate of 7 per cent, per annum, for the first six months of the year. The Directors recommend the payment of the following dividends on the A Shares, free of income tax, and to be distributed in accordance with Clause 87 of the Articles . of Association : —
{a.) At the rate of seven per cent, per annum for the half year ending 30th June, 1891 (making seven per cent, for the year) :
(b.) Three per cent, in completion of payment of arrears of cumulative preference dividend for the year ending 30th June, 1885 :
(c.) Seven per cent, in payment of arrears of cumulative preference dividend for the year ending 30th June, 1886 :
which will absorb .£4.7,719 10s. 7cl., leaving £9,388 4s. gd. which the Directors have carried to the Reserve Fund, in accordance with Clause 89 of the Articles of Association.
3. The Directors have granted licenses to several electrical firms and companies to manufacture holders and sockets for incandescent electric lamps under the Company’s patents. This branch of the business will increase as electric lighting increases, -and will bring a-satisfactory addition to the revenue of the Company.
4. Mr. J. S. Forbes and Mr. F. R. Leyland retire from the Board in rotation, and offer themselves for re-election as Directors.
j. The Auditors, Messrs. Welton, Jones & Co., retire, and are eligible for re-election.
By Order,
S. FLOOD PAGE,
100, Victoria Street, London, S.W. Secretary & Manager.
July, iSqt.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE PROPOSED APPROPRIATION OF PROFITS.
EDISON AND SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC
9_
92
THE EDISON & SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY,
LISM.IT .ED.
DIRECTO RS .
JAMES STAATS FORBES, Esquire, Chairman. MAJOR SAMUEL FLOOD PAGE, Deputy Chairman.'] THE EARL OF LICHFIELD. SHELFORD BIDWELL, Esquire, F.R.S. ERNEST VILLIERS, Esquire.
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT.
1. The Directors have the pleasure of presenting to the Shareholders their Report, and the Accounts for the year ending 30th June, 1892.
2. The business of the Company has resulted in a credit balance of
,f74,8io 16s. 7d. Of this amount .£30,271 15s. ud. has been already
distributed as an interim payment on the A shares for the first six months of the year in respect to dividend and arrears. The Directors recommend a further distribution of a dividend on the A Shares of the Company, of 5s. 8§d. per share on the 89,261 ordinary shares, three pounds paid ; of 9s. 6Jd. per share on the 5,000 Five Pound fully-paid shares allotted to the Edison Electric Light Company, Limited ; and of 8s. iofd. per share on the 1?'I39 Five Pound fully-paid shares allotted to the Swan United Electric Light Company, Limited, free of Income Tax, being, with the interim dividend paid on the 22nd February, 1892, seven per cent, in-respect of the year ending 30th June, 1892; seven per cent, in payment of arrears of cumulative preferential dividend for the year ending 30th June, 1887 ; and of four per cent, in respect of the year ending 30th June, 1888 ; all to be distributed in accordance with the provisions of Clause 87 of the Articles of Association, which will absorb ;£33>354 4s- 9<1 ., leaving ,£11,184 15s. ud., which the Directors have carried to the Reserve Fund, in accordance with Clause 89 of the Articles of Association.
3. The Directors are glad to say that their Electrical Fittings business
is prospering. .
4. The amount received as Royalty from those who hold Licenses for manufacturing holders and sockets for Incandescent lamps is satisfactory and is likely to increase year by year.
5. The Directors desire to record their sense of the loss which the Company have sustained by the death of Mr. F. R, j^eyland. The Directors have elected Major Samuel Flood Page, who had been Secretary and Manager of the Company since 1883, t0 fill the place on the Board
6. The Earl of Lichfield and Mr. Ernest. Villiers retire hy rotation from the Board, and offer themselves for re-election as Directors.
7. Messrs. Welton, Jones & Co., Auditors, also retire, and offer them¬ selves for re-election.
By Order of the Board,
H. CHARLES GOVER,
1 00, Victoria Street, London. S.W., Secretary.
13th July, 1893.
The Edison and Swan United Electric Light Company, Limited.
<^Lc| le-^d-
_8_
92
19th July, 1892.
REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS
NINTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
Elision it ^luan lni^I <&Iqti|h{ JTtght <2f0m|jitn2|, JftmM,
CANNON STREET HOTEL,
LONDON, E.O., '
ON TUESDAY, 19th JULY, 1892.
J. S. FORBES, Esq., in tiie Ciiaiii.
London:
THE EDISON & SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, LIMITED.
■ . 100, Victoria Street, S.W.
THE
Edison and ^luan United d?ti>ctriq Jijght Gfompiir, limited.
DIRECTORS.
.1. S. FOIll'ES, Ks«, Chairman.
M A Jo It S. FLOOD l'.UIIC, Jh-jiatg-Chairuian.
The ItT. I Ion*. THE HAUL OF LICHFIELD. SIlKI.FOltD III DWELL, Eng., F.II.S.
ERNEST VILI.IEUS, Ekq.
Srnrtary: Mil. II. CHARLES COVER.
REPORT OP PROCEEDINGS
NINTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS,
CANNON STREET HOTEL,
LONDON, E.C.,
TUESDAY, 19th JULY, 1892.
London* :
THE EDISON AND SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, LIMITED,
100, Victoria Street, S.W.
A/I
dMisoit and jSiuait -(United (ftlecfric (fomjjanjr, Jtimifed.
REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS
3STI3STTII
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS CANNON STREET HOTEL
On TUESDAY, 11)TH JULY, 18!)2.
J. S. FORBES, Esq., in tho Chair.
the notice calling the meeting, tho Directors’ Report wns taken as read.
The Chairman said: I hnve had occasion before to call attention to tho condition of a Company like this, wlioro circumstances make it expedient that the accounts’ should bo stated in a manner rather more general than
/F93 - 0 7- 2 S’
10
93
*THOS. At EDISON
ORANQE, N. J.
38th July. 1893.
REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS
TENTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
(Mho it & |>tuatt tlnityl J^Itt
cannon: street hotel,
LONDON,. E.C.,
On FRIDAY, 28th JULY, 1893.
J. S. FORBES, Esq., in the Ciiair.
London :
THE EDISON & ; SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, LIMITED.
Edison and j=>iu;m United d&lecfruf Jftflht ^ompanii, Ji'imitcd.
DIRECTORS.
tU-CMnm.
I.ICHFIKI.
. ij '
SiSfilSSfiS®
1 1 . §1 t M :
;'iA^ , \ :-.v.
TENTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE SHAREHOLDERS,
CANNON STREET HOTEL,
LONDON, E.C,
FRIDAY, 28th JULY,
London :
5DISON AND SWAN UNITED ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, LIMITED,
100, Victoria Street, S.W.
Edison and ^mait ulnifcd dJIqcfric JTijght (Sompnn, JTimited.
REPORT OP PROCEEDINGS
TE3STTH:
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS CANNON STREET HOTEL
Os FRIDAY, 28th JULY, IS!)!!.
J. S. FORBES, Esq., in the Chair.
The Secretary (Mr. H. Charles Gover) having read the notice calling the meeting, the Directors’ Report was taken as read.
The Chairman said: I think the essential part of the Report ih in a nutshell. Ami it is embraced in this —that the gross receipts of the year are the largest the
The Chairman : 1 a: mo this question, as It telling tin! meeting sol a subject wo feel the i and tlie importance of
PRIMARY PRINTED COLLECTION PHONOGRAPH COMPANIES - DOMESTIC EDISON PHONOGRAPH WORKS
EDISON PHONOGRAPH WORKS ,
^ Ju/y ,/J-jrr/,
TO THE COMPANIES USING THE EDISON PHONOGRAPH.
At the present time there is a great diversity of opinion as to the best method of driving the Phonograph. Some claim that the treadle power is quite good enough, as it is simple and free from the inconvenience of batteries, others claim that business men will not be satisfied to work the treadle, as it entails an amount of labor which they 11 „t g ve (e pee ally 1 u„ we consider the ease of dictating to a stenographer,) and also on account of the inconvenience to the copyist or typewriter. Others claim that the Motor machine with storage battery is all that is required ; that with a constant supply of current the Motor gives less trouble than the treadle and governor ; and that the storage battery is sufficiently constant and reliable, if the first cost of it were not so great. Others state that they are satisfied with the storage battery because tile BattcryGonipany furnish the cell free of cost, charging only for the current used and replacing exhausted batteries with fresh ones. Others say while the storage is available and satisfactory in offices where the Phonograph is used more than three hours daily, that owing to a gradual loss of charge, whether the battery is used or not, it is not so cheap as the ioo hour battery of the Edison Manufacturing Co. That the latter can be renewed while in place, without the necessity of carrying the whole battery away ; and it does not need attaching to a dynamo for regeneration, which is impossible in out of the way places and small towns where no dynamo is to be had.
At the present moment, owing to the novel character of the business, many arc in a quandary
as to the plan of furnishing power. Whether the local the customer ; or whether it shall rent the battery and batteries and sell the current from the same, irettim? tl
others; or whether to buy a small plant an charge for storing. In this connection we n We think it a good business policy fa steady and reliable power for the Phone that will secure to it a fair profit ; that the C Phonographs and selling supplies, but also same, earning a profit on this which will be ji subscribers will be better satisfied with their
. vv m. tiler cue local company is to turnish a battery, or sell it to rent the battery and charge per hour; whether to buy storage 1 tile same, getting them charged from some dynamo owned by plant and charge them directly, or sell the storage batteries anil tion we may be permitted to make a few suggestions, policy for the Company to furnish the subscriber with the most ic Phonograph that it is possible to get, at the lowest price hat the Company should go into the business, not only of renting but also of providing reliable and cheap motor power to run the will be just as fixed as the rental profit, in addition to the fact that ith their machines.
No one method of using power is possible. Under certain conditions in remote localities the treadle machines are preferable. In any town where there is a dynamo in a mill or other place, and from which current can be obtained from the owner by arrangement, there are three methods by which the Company can use such current: 1st. To purchase storage batteries and charge them from it. 2d. To run out one or more circuits like telephone wires to the different subscribers, placing from one up to 36 Phonographs in each circuit, and supplying these circuits with the current hired. 3d. The use of the Edison Manufacturing Co.'s new battery.
The preferable method is the use of the dynamo and the direct working of the Phonographs therefrom. We have tried the experiment of working 36 Phonographs from the ordinary incan¬ descent electric light circuit used in mills, &c., and find they work perfectly. The present machine has simply to have two extra wire posts attached to the motor and a switch, to which the wires from tlie line and the Phonograph run. Every Phonograph is independent of the other and runs at an even speed and is as perfectly controlled by the governor, as it is when the battery is used.
The amount of current necessary to run 36 Phonographs is 4 amperes and 1 10 volts pressure.
l>or every 1000 feet of No. 12 wire that is in the circuit, the number of Phonographs must be reduced by one.
Where a No. 9 wire is used, one Phonograph must be deducted for every 2000 feet of line
The selling price of one ampere for eight hours from electric light stations throughout the country is 16 cents,' arid" if local parties owning the dynamo were willing to sell at the saihe' price, (which they could very profitably do, as in this case they have no lamps to furnish nor repairs and interest to pay on an extensive distributing plant,) the cost would be 64 cents per day of eight hours
By this system the subscriber would be able to use his Phonograph any time during the eight hours of work.
Tlie investment required to be made by tile Phonograph Company would be very small and would comprise the line wire, switcl.es will, every Phonograph, and an extra resistance box and amperemeter at tlie dynamo ; no one need be in attendance. Tlie repair of the line might be ar¬ ranged for by tlie local Telegraph or Telephone Company's repair man. If a charge of 50 cents per week were made for tlie current, the subscriber would be getting it very low, and the excess would go toward repairs and profit on investment, which would be considerable if a dozen circuits of 22 machines could be obtained, In any event perfect satisfaction would be given tlie subscriber, even if a great profit is not derived by the company. Should the company not desire to make the invest¬ ment, it can doubtless get local parties to enter into the business by arrangement as to charges and profits allowed.
The cost of the apparatus outside of the poles and wire are:
For each circuit, ( Switchcs, one for each Phonograph,
about $125.00. ’ ) Amperemeter, one for complete plant.
( Station resistances, one for each circuit.
.# .
We will make the changes on the Phonograph itself to adapt it to this method, free of charge. If ioo Phonographs can be rented In a town, and no dynamo is available, the cost of putting in a small engine and boiler and dynamo with appliances would be :
Engine and boiler . about S370 00
Dynamo . about 250 00
Resistance box . 1
Ampere meter . about [■ 80 00
5 circuit resistance . )
Total . $700 00
This apparatus could be placed in the Phonograph Company’s local office, and would require very little attention. The cost of coal and oil for an eight hour run of 1 to Phonographs would be about $1.00 per day.
In addition to running the circuits during the eight hours of the day, the apparatus could be used to charge storage batteries in the evening to supply subscribers outside the line of wire distri¬ bution. Owing to the fact that in wire distribution Phonographs are in series, very small line wire is required, say copper wire No. 12 gauge, and the circuits may reach out two miles or more from the central point.
Wherever there is a central electric light station, employing incandescent light, the investment in dynamo, engine, etc., is unnecessary. Current may bo taken direct from the Company's mains to supply as many circuits of about 36 Phonographs as is required. This current will be paid for through the meter. If the'station is1, lining alternating currents they cannot be used-for the purpose.
Any subscriber whose office is in a building that is supplied with incandescent lights, can have a Phonograph especially adapted to run by that current which has an attachment to put in lamp sockets to receive its current. This is the best and cheapest of all the methods, as the expense of running a Phonograph at any time it is wanted would not exceed about four cents per week.
Respectfully,
EDISON PHONOGRAPH WORKS.
INSPECTOR’S HANDBOOK
PHONOGRAPH,
EDISON PHONOGRAPH WORKS,
Unpacking and Repacking the Phonograph.
In unpacking the Phonograph never hi lie cover off, but curefufly take out e ciew, as a severe blow may cause some < jite part to be shattered. Alter remoi a » cei ci caiefiilly take out the excel hich covers the machine, in small pordc at no small part be overlooked item e two pieces of board which are serewe i 1 e bfm ?i°r ttJ° box> !mcl carefully take av ' eiZ?a 6Si?f exceIsior "'liich lie on tor Hii v.vi i (u"'0'u tile machine by plac 'in nght hand under the body and v<
„ /°l "lori ‘mil then carefully lift maid. Remove the excelsior which v
J sprawls***;
t in? lenm“lin» file box must be tak< ill ' ‘ this" win sfT'u"'s "'hioh lie i w ,H . e!cfe the imihogany be 1 ind th f h ln,s.tnmiel‘t is placed. ^ Yc iii its n tm- i0 cluP trough has.bejen move
md the“cSw te’ hSrt
recorder and reproducer will be found in the drawer of the box or stand, carefully inserted m n double turned wooden box, from which they can be taken by removing the screws.
io Pack tub Machine, carefully cover tlie bottom of the box with an even layer of excelsior, then place the box or stand upon winch the machine sets in the packing box, and firmly force excelsior around its sides. A cleat # thick and 2 inches wide, must be screwed firmly over the end of the Phono¬ graph stand, forcing a small amount of ex- celsmr under each end. Then at a distance ol 8 inches from the inside of this end cleat place another cleat. This cleat should be somewhat wider than the first one— about ! inches m wulth-as it is required to stand i greater amount of strain, 'i'liis should alsi be screwed firmly info place with a little excelsioi underneath, as in the lirat place, tlie object of these two cleats is to hold the Phonograph case firmly in position that the motor of the machine may be inserted in the space 8 inches nude and be protected from jail ing against the wood work. In every instance where it has been shipped without ~ precaution it has very badly strained the u ood work. Before setting the machine dfahaiJ3?3! t.he.®xcelsl01' should be carefully ^wl?bat?ib ,'ln!i)<!f! °f tlie space where the .■enrarwn’ t0; )B 1^1!e1a- 'L'lle motor must He maid l!i oM°Vel<rC iT1 1 l-s°°a stl'0,1fr but soft; mamlla paper, folded m several thicknesses;
Before wrappmg the motor, the am which holds the commutator brushes must be Ions ejied by means of the set "craw which | lamps it to the stud Then draw tlie a™ forward and carefully withdraw the scrau- which tlb^t thei 1'llb,bei' so«f»nent and upon move Vifi fi * h°i bl'lls!,,es mounted. Be-
P«$im&33S
Remove the belts from the pulleys by re- shaft" m' ol n 4l 6 7Jiiell,]lP1(ls the armature half ^ piece. After being remoVed the
)f the wav^tiie1 ul)warcl ancl out
belt ? le, 0 >Je,ct l>emg to prevent the
is used t,.bl'°ke" by excelsior , which chine6 The Zfnlrev of ^ ma'
t bei"g lhmly 'tied0 Draw tli^nut 1 leAof the machine, and
in Dhce Jf„,back.tllIlt t* may be held firmly larly treated16 +leti1,1’11 screw should be shnf,
hacker +ilA pl,a.ce it oyer the’ main screw of tbe cylmder and then draw the spec-
taole aim iimily over this anti fasten in place by means ot strong mnnilla twine. After having removed the mmatnre shaft centre to allow the removal of the belts, you should ' carefully replace this, seeing that it is set very i hiialy to avoid any accident to the armature, file armature should be held iinnly in place by forcing on between the armature ring and the magnet numerous layers of soft paper, as otherwise it would be continually in mo¬ tion and thus destroy some easily breakable . portion, llie whole machine is then cov- I fgawith strong mnnilla paper and carefully , lilted into its place in the box. The chip box containing the spectacle and also the small box containing the. armature brushes are now placed in that portion of the bo: beyond the last above mentioned cleat j'tlie machine is placed in position with the nun net between the two cross cleats. Excelsio is then carefully forced in underneath the machine to hold the chip box in place. Tw bundles of excelsior are laid along the front and back plate, and then two cleats are screv ed along tlie side of the box. To hold tiles bundles in position, it is very necessaiy that they be forced down tally to prevent their shaking out of place. The speaking tube, heawhg tube, and treadle are then laid i with the excelsior which is used for covering the niaoliin 0
Never use a hammer in unpacking.
JNever unpack your Phonographs or mii
tenal until you want them for actual use then you null not have to re-pack for an on inck ' wop”1®1'' Ij°,cal oontPhhies do not re pack well as a rule. Tile factory will i, time reach the best way of packing. Phono graphs should be shipped to iill outside or fmb™, w, °ngm,111 Tlien blam,
ioi bieakage can be placed with the factory Stn'e 1>ack®(1 uv unpacked Phono giuphs in cellars or damp places. Most o the exposed parts of the Phonograph an nickel plated, but the back-rod, centres, re
To Set up tlie Phonograph.
a„te,a‘f of the aimature shaft
sitinif1 o 10 P,el* °f tke Phonograph into po- f hd uiCe tl{Ilt.1tll,e nnnature turns without ruction when both belts are in position.
bettl t to biushes in the follow-
sufn "umeliV Uns'!re"' tlle rooker aim and her ? outit?wal'?s y°«. take the hard mb¬ it in iin'-K1^' folding the brushes and place W ‘ {ta,011 the rocker aim, connect the them ™ tko /brush holders, (you cannot get nla™ i ”e’ !j? euoh only fits hi its own Place,) swing the rocker ami in until the
brushes rest against tlie commutator, put a slight pressure— say aboiit 0 ounces— against them and screw up the clamping screw.
Turn the armature round now and see that • no part touches the brushes or their connec¬ tions. Tlie brushes are set right when they leave the shop, and when put in position the front edge of the left hand brush should rest exactly in centre of commutator when the instrument is in front of you ready for work. If away from this point the motor is at a dis¬ advantage, and sometimes will not start up. Tlie right hand brush should be set exactly 00 degrees from tlie left hand one, and the distance from the forward tip of one brush should be exactly ten blocks of the commu¬ tator from the tip of tlie other.
Now connect the battery and see that everything turns easily and that the speed varies quickly when the governor adjust¬ ment is worked. , .
Place the spectacle in position on tlie stud, put first the plain and then the spring washer on top of the stud and screw down tight. When screwed tight the spectacle should be free to move sideways, but have no end play on the stud. The spectacle lias on its upper edge two Y’s into which the spectacle cam springs to hold it in position for recording or reproducing. The spring , that regulates the pressure of this cani ;■ should be so adjusted that it holds the spectacle very flnnly against the. adjustment
screws at either side, bat it must allow of free movement sideways of the spectacle by hand.
Place the recorder in the right hand and the reproducer in the left hand loop, and the Phonograph is ready for work.
How to keep the Phonograph in order.
For the use of those people whose duty it is to keep the Phonograph in order wo have detailed below the derangements liable to occur in it, together with a number of prob¬ able causes ancl their remedies. A majority of these seldom occur ; many .are due to the failure on the part of .the company’s expert to properly teach the user ; some -are due to want of proper putting together of the parts that have been disconnected to permit of easy packing ; others are due to natural wear, and some are, of course, due to imperfect work¬ manship.
AVo have given sufficient headings to cover every derangement that occurs to us at pres¬ ent from our own and the' different compa¬ nies’ experiences, and the user will find a remedy for any difficulty he experiences by simply looking for the cause under the items “IIow to fix it,” following each heading.
If the difficulty cannot, be found under these “headings,” it will be found among the “Notes” at the end of the pamphlet.
The different headings are as follows :
SoitATCHV. llKPliODUCTION.
Pooit itKCOllDIXCI, SOUNDS TOO WEAK
Scratchy Reproduction May be due fo¬ ist. Imperfect material in the cylinder.
2d. Dull cutting-oil knife.
, . 3tl- Taking too deep a chip with the oil ting-oif knife.
4th. Cutting-oil’ knife adjusted so that the end m advance cuts and shows a ragged cliii . 6th. Chip trough improperly adjusted, (
; nt]j5S the freshly tumed-'off surface.
Oth Previous turning too deep, or spectii
% ' "ecoruer pomt dull.
Space between recorder noint and u t!nn’° 1 rCIIlXe ful1 of chips so ^ to put a f i nn. ne° m°v<Tent of recorder point, lira ^oos? m spectacle.
J o° 'v1*" 11 ohip on cntting-off ki allowing previous record to be partly re duced as well as the regular record Y
' tag the cyllS Sbft ^ bl'"sh
O the material in the cylinder. f|'jle t Tr *?* , oon.ihg sloX
hip tioughj take out the recorder screw 1 on ti.lll’n!ljr hlpla<;,e’ nnd, without p o° i°j" trough set the speofo
own m tile usual way as if vou were dint- >vf ’ s .nlt1I1g nt the end of tile cylinder when it commences to cut,, it taltes too’de endof the uJS815eotnol.e* S*ve t]le nut on t
noffthe’cldd 1 Tf °fmm?nces t0 cat agni
once the chip. If too deep, give the m
' another half turn nncl reset the spectacle tin-: 1 til you have the right depth of cut. When.
' you have established the relation between the length of the swinging adjustment screw and the knife, it will remain so us long as the knife is used. It will be seen when setting the spectacle that the function of this little swinging adjustment screw is to limit the downward movement of the spec¬ tacle, when the nut comes in contact with the cylinder. If the sliding pin that has its foot resting on the straight edge is locked at this point, the spectacle will always be a given distance from the wax cylinder, whe¬ ther it belarge or small, and as the cutting- oif knife is set just a little deeper than the I end of the nut resting on the wax, it will shave oft- the difference. This should be suf 1 ficient not only fully to shave off the previou record, but to allow a slight warping of the cylinder or of its running out of truth, that is to say being somewhat eccentric. In set ting tile cutting-off knife so it will take the right chip it is essential that the knife, after having been screwed up tight, should be moved to the right or left, so that only the central portion of the edge is cutting. The cutting edge of the knife is not perfectly straight, but is part of the circumference of a circle some seven inches in diameter. If the edge was straight the knife would cut i square chip at its extreme forward edge, and of such a depth that it would chip the
latenal out, but it is so made and can be 3 adjusted that the two sides do no work, he central portions of the knife only cut- ng ; thus a bevel cut is made over one- ightli of an inch wide and less than half of lie-thousandth of an inch tliick. kig. 1 shows how the knife should be set. ig. 2 an improper method.
It will be noticed that the side of No. 2 cutting the material, and this 11111 spoil iy record. If a very light chip is taken en No. 2 null make a proper cliip, but tile mmeut a depth of chip is reached, where ge side forms part of the cutter, the smootli- vS tlle cyUnder is lost. In No. 1 a nip three times greater than is necessary or turning off the_ previous record can be “■Ken and still give a smooth, noiseless urfaoe.
swinging adjustment screw n quarter tun towards you and reset the spectacle, ant so on until you lmve established the prone: relation between the knife ant adjustment screw. See answer to No. 2 foi further particulars.
iixtkeSd T1I1: Foulim' See 'answer how tc
• ■JJ? i'IX T1IK wi'inr. Chips may liave got in ax rne screw where the chip trough is se¬ emed to the spectacle when replaced or it maj; have been bent after being disconnected. A piece of tissue paper should pass between S?n3?hnrfr ^ ttle bottom of Ate chip , cnn.JJe detached and bent
■nffiloi,81? ‘‘V -i'ntd on i being securely ctl'i, i 1 by t-lle screw it. does not touch the cj under again. The trouble may be that
n in-lit , ,,oli secure® it: to tho spectacle might not have been sufficiently tight.
n.J° 1''1? sixth. Sometimes in setting mespeotno: le the end of. the swinging ndiust- w2!?,LS+16w"’ -h rests on the cylinder and senes to determine the position of the spec- I, .happens to enter a blow hole or slight •iiwhi'1 t le s,lu'J'nce of tlle cylinder. Miis cvlbll tllef1sl)ectllcle to come too close to tho ciAH,2 2 ™ \e 1Sm.,t bell'S t'lit the cut of the outting-oif knife is so deep that it chips out ll. very rough surface. The ordi- •' omP shaved oif is not sufficiently deep
to remove the irregularities of the previous surface, and a very scratchy record is ob¬ tained. Allowing the spectacle to traverse the whole length of the cylinder without talking, will reduce the surface so that on resetting the spectacle the second chip will be quite sufficient to turn off every blemish and give a smooth surface.
Another cause of scratchy surface is due to the following : H we put on a new cylin¬ der and attempt to set the spectacle in tin centre of the cylinder, the knife will liav to plough up a chip ten times larger than when properly entered at the end of cylin tier, and this chip will sometimes tear 01 the surface to such a depth that the effei of it will be noticed after several success! chips have been taken off the cylinde 't l rtl?nble (|ue *0 this heavy chip rights
itself about the third revolution of the cyl¬ inder, the balance of the cylinder .beinc smooth On the first use of the cylinder no trouble is had, but the next time it is used, as the surface for a space equal to the width of the shaving-off knife is all tom up, the record made at that point is bad, to say nothing of the effect on the ears of the copyist. Figs. 1 and 2 show how tile knife should commence shaving at the end of the cylinder to the left or just at the end, of the previous record in any other part of the
has finished dictating ; this is accomplished by touching n button which brings n crayon against the moving cylinder to produce a black mark, not on the record to be copied, j but on the previous record .which is to bo turned oft IT on taking up n o lmdei no black mark is seen, the spectacle is started from the extreme left, but if a, black mark is seen, the spectacle is moved up to the m.uk until it is opposite the point of tho marking pencil, which is in plain view. If this is always done, the deep and lugged chip, as m i-’ig. 3, will never occur, It Is safer to set the crayon point just behind the mark on the cylinder, say the width of the nuuk, so that in no case can the knife take a chip other than the beveled one.
To fix the seventh. The tracking of the recorder should be just as light ns will per- mit of recordmg all the waves. It should be tracked somewhat deeper for powerful voices. Ilie proper depth can be ascertained ns to lows : lake a smooth cylinder or one that has been used, and set the spectacle to 'villi tho speaking tube in position “ , I f to the ear adjust the re 1
point bj the lunge-frame screw, bringing il slowly.town.rds the cylinder until you lienr a continuous scraping sound. Say a few words in a little louder tone than usual and set the lepioducer to listen to them If it comes out perfectly and none, or very little,
continuous scratching sounds are heard, vou have got the right tracking, but if the’ con- tuitions scratchy sound interferes with the talking and hissing sounds, such as those m the word “ specie,” (which is a good test void lor the Phonograph, for if all the liiss- £ sounds of tins word come out distinctly ’
jag sounds of this word come out distinctly ' the copyist win be sure to get every word dictated,) are interfered until you have lacked too deep. If. such is the case set tho wcoidiM .pectacle back, li ten to the ctoider and adjust the hinge-frame screw I !*4 J ??? dimmish the scratchy sound, then !!‘V hillung. once more until you get rid of "i"d eetSO°tl articulation. The Snir’ivi?/ kll°H ‘If t-00 h§ht is tout the talk¬ ing mil be fluttering, the recording point !,'.;!)?',i£.ientll'e,y out of the recording ma- ‘ 1; 'f1,! lth some of the loud vowel vibrations, flrmlv ]'neS,+ilf tho 1'uc10rde,1' is not secured ' m .t1,10 spectacle, the weight of the csnoiV iF tUibe "?n. dlsalTange the tracking, son^li'ctatiiig611 " ISted “'Polled hy the per-
slimrni1'^ The recorder point
ilie !\h tornedto bl'iiig another part of ■iiisw.wt”?i “J;*0 phiy ns explained in •mswer to the 1st of the heading “ Poor re- th‘, iifii i steel has yet Iieen found
s dl ‘i udSe Permanently, and we UMll8ooii.be able to replace worn out rec- wi th sapphire points, which, next stanc "01ld’ 13 tlle hardest known sub-
To fix Tim mi ir Take n piece of 'pa¬ per and pass it between the chip box and recorder point. The cause of the accumu¬ lation of chips between the knife and re- . colder point is u leaky chip trough. The , relation of the trough and turning-oil knife not being adjusted properly permits the chips to. leak out instead of being forced down the trough.
To fix Tim tenth. Hold the recorder . down hard in the frame and tighten the holding screw. This screw should not be too tight, for if it is, there is a tendency to press the recorder to an oval shape. This will buckle the diaphragm and produce bad talking, or render recorder insensitive. •
To fix the eleventh. Take a heavier chip, which is accomplished by raising the spectacle and giving the nut on the little swinging adjustment screw on the side of the spectacle a quarter turn from yon, then reset the position of the spectacle.
To fix the twelfth. The Phonograph is so extremely; sensitive that if a cylinder is turned oiE without allowing the recorder to track, the reproducer will scarcely give any sound ; but if the surface is wiped with a chamois skin, or touched ever so lightly with the linger or any of the ordi- • nary brushes, the reproducer will at once give out loud scratchy sounds. It lias been
found that the articulation increases in perfection m proportion as these scratchy sounds are lessened. Articulation greatly depends on hissing sounds, such -as appear in the word “specie,” and these sounds are so similar to the sounds produced by imper¬ fect surfaces on the cylinder, that the ear cannot separate them, especially when those due to bad surlace are prominent and those due to talking are weak. It is, therefore, essential not to use any device for cleaning the chips oil tlio cylinder which produces tlie slightest elfect on the surface. The only two hair brushes which do not produce sounds when used to clean the cylinder are 111- camel hair and American deer hair, these are the only long stiff hairs which taper to a point microscopically line, and do not scratch. Camel hair being very expen- purjose61' lmil' b,,||slles aro furnished for this T’liese brushes should be used for no other purpose, except that of brushing the chips from the record. If they are used to clean up the machine they wilt always be full of. loreign matter which is liable to scratch the
Poor Recording and Reproducing; Sounds too Weak; or Failure to Articulate Properly.
Tills may be caused by :
1st. Dull recording point.
2d. Recorder held too tight" in hinged frame, or tile tightening screw pressing the recorder so that it is somewhat oval, thus buckling the diaphragm.
3d. Recorder point has friction placed upon it by accumulation of chips between it and the chip trough. . ./"
4tli. An inexperienced person has renewed a broken diaphragm, and has got shellac in the little links that connect the recorder point with the centre of the glass diaphragm, thus preventing free movement ; or the link is not secured at a right angle to the dia¬ phragm, being either to the right or left of the recording point holder, thus causing the link to cant the recording point holder and produce friction ; or the link may be at such an angle that the movement of the diaphragm does not give a direct push to the recording point holder. It may be that, after securing the link to the glass,' that part } where the speaking tube lits, and which acts as a tightener for file diaphragm, is screwed up tighter, tins sometimes rotates the dia¬ phragm a little and puts a twist on the link, thus preventing freedom of: movement.
• Again, too much cement may have been';
used under the little round Range of the link where it is in contact with the dia¬ phragm, and this flange is not parallel with the glass, but stands at a slight angle, owing to there being- more cement under one side than the other. This, though not producing a bend, prevents a direct thrust of the dia¬ phragm on the recording point holder.
Otli. May be due to excessive friction at the bearings of the recording point holder by reason of screwing in the friction spring sueu too deep. Tile object of this friction anil screw is to dampen the excessive vibra¬ tions ot the diaphragm in loud talking, or on the contrary, by lessening the friction !u‘apt it to record the voices of those who speak low.
Otli. It may be due to an insensitive re¬ corder m connection witli a scratchy surface: .Dm the cutting-off knife ; or tracking an insensitive recorder too deep.
7th. An insensitive reproducer, by chip's lepl'oduuel' with the weight gummed Otli. The reproducer needle not running properly in the centre of the record.
10th. Phonograph revolving less than 80 revolutions per minute.
-I?11-, Belt connecting the Phonograph witli the motor too slack, making the cyl¬ inder rotate irregularly.
12th. Speaking tube made to lit too tight oil tile recorder..
18th. Weak voice.
,14th. Speaking too far from the mouth¬ piece of the tube.
15th. -Failure to clean cylinder after re-
.. J.P Pi-nun y in. is Piiist. It is n question if it is good policy at the present stage of development of the Phonograph for even ex¬ perts to attempt to replace broken dia¬ phragms and adjust recorders and reproduc¬ ers, especially when a stock of new ones from tiie factory can be kept on hand to replace a broken one immediately. When a sufficient stock ol broken ones have accumulated, they can be slapped to the factory and exchangee! lor new ones, the difference in cost being very much less than the cost of the expert’s time m trying to. repair them. Aliy one who comes to the factory and sees tile very deli¬ cate gauges for making, adjusting and set¬ ting these all important parts of the 1 honograph, will see that attempts to repair by hand (without the aid of gauges or mi- croscopes, etc.,) by inexperienced persons, will in time reduce the articulating value of every Phonograph. There is not a thing about tiie linest watcli comparable to the accuracy of tiie cutting recording point of tiie Phonograph, not even tiie jewelled pal¬ lets ol the escapement, as will readily be seen by looking at both under a microscope. Mery part on a recorder must be perfectly
Uee to respond to vibrations so faint that they cannot be perceived except by a pow- erlul niidoscopc Tiie slightest bending on ''(hicli connect tiie point holder nilh the diaphragm will prevent the record¬ s', *ll®se.so,un.t‘s ! nny lost motion nil! also pi event their being recorded, as the slightest lost motion will be greater than tiie niove- nient required for these infinitesimal records, flu, true policy is to exchange broken ones wlii,K °nes’ p‘lyi,",g tlle small difference, " inch in a year would not amount to a week’s salary tor a mechanic. You will thus be .issmed ot the Phonograph doing good work and its being satisfactory to the customer. A cloven could be sent by mail, thus saving ex- expense, although the express charges for a snian Se-ni‘ly tuIce a }'eal', "’ouid be very been n, I '® ?!ll't? of ‘i16 Phonograph have ' * interchangeable, at a great deal keen H,® ,md, trouble and we intend to H,™."? as long «s this factory continues to » wmiacture them. The local licensees luinv ui i American Phonograph Com- panj should take advantage of this system 'Z,lTn'n? palts-f but calTy"il stock of new ' tepince old ones, returning the latter der J f ^toty/or exchange. Thfs null wn-
4S^1“^iiii"shop to 6very l0cal
th?fi3H"3,„t0 ,th?, method of remedying the first. The knife which records is forty one-thousandths of