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SOLD BY
THOMAS BAKER
72 Newman Street,
LON nON W. ENG.

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A

LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHI
AL HISTORY,

OR

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

"t \

A

LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY,

, boo b

OR

I3II3LIOGRAPIIICAI
DICTIONAI
Y

OF THE

ENGI
ISII CATIIOLICS.

FROM

THE BREACH vVITH ROilfE, IN 1534, TO THE
PRESENT TIME.

II \Vherefore by their fruits ye shaH know them."
MATT. vii. 20.

DY

JOSEPH GILLO\V.

VOL. I.

BUR N S & a ATE S.

LO
DON :
GRANVILLE MANSIONS,
28 ORCHARD STREET, \Y.

NE\V YORK:
CATHOLIC PUBLICATIOt\
SOCIETY CO.
9 BARCLAY STREET.

PREFACE.

I . I

THE object of this work is to present, in the most ready and
convenient form, a concise record of the literary efforts, educa.
tional struggles, and the sufferings for religion's sake of the
Catholics in England down to the present time, from that of
Henry VIII.'s breach with Rome, and tbe beginning of the
consequent Anglican schism.
This volume is the first of a projected series of five, in which
it is proposed to complete the work.
Hugh Tootell's biographies contained in his grand work in
three folio volumes, known under the title of "Dodd's Church
History," published in the years 1737, 1739, and 1742, form
the only collective authority for Catholic biographical history.
He had devoted thirty years of his life to the collection and
preparation of the matter for this work, yet it is only brought
down to the Revolution of 1688. Since Dodd's time there
has not been any successful attempt to trace the general
biographical history of the more eminent Catholics.
Those works which have appeared are restricted to time, to
place, or to some particular class. The most important are-
Bishop Challoner's "Memoirs of Missionary Priests," the
Rev. Maziere Brady's "Episcopal Succession," Brother Foley's
invaluable and voluminous "Records 5.].," Dr. Oliver's
"Collectanea S.].," and his "Collections Illustrative of the
Catholic History of the Six Western Counties." Also,
Fr. Morris's "Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers," Mr. S. H.

vi

PREFACE.

Burke's "Historical Portraits of the Tudor Dynasty," and
Mr. David Lewis's able translation of Sanders'" Anglican
Schism," with his elaborate preface and notes. These make
up the principal part of the contributions to this depart-
ment, but none of them embrace the wide field of Dodd's

iographies.
Canon Tierney, who undertook in 1839 to republish Dodd's
entire work, and to continue it to the end of the eighteenth
century, under two divisions of history and biography, did not
even conclude the former, and never commenced the latter.
But Canon Tierney was not the first to conceive the idea of
continuing Dodd ; two previous attempts had proved unsuc.
cessful. The first was by the Rev. Thomas Eyre, a Douay
priest, who for fifteen years was chaplain at Stella, in Durham,
and began, in the year 1791, to circulate queries and to
collect materials for a continuation of the Church History.
The events, however, of the French Revolution, and the
destruction of the English Colleges abroad, called him to a
more active life, and prevented his proceeding in a work
which, in his hands, would have been ably executed. He was
required to take charge of the refugees from Douay College
who assembled in the North in 1793. At first they were
hospitably received in the Rev. Arthur Story's school at
Tudhoe, until they were able to remove to Pontop Hall, both
in the county of Durham. Crook Hall, an untenanted mansion
belonging to the Baker family, in the same county, was then
rented: the scattered students thus formed a new College,
over which Mr. Eyre was appointed President. This College
was removed to Ushaw in 1808.
Mr. Eyre's collections are now at Ushaw College. They
have not been used in the present work.
The second attempt was made by the Rev. John Kirk, D.D.,
of Lichfield, who, for upwards of forty years of his long life,

PREFACE.

vii

was preparing materials for the purpose. Indeed, while yet a
student in the English College at Rome, he seems to have
devoted his attention to this object. It was his daily occupa-
tion; every leisure moment of his time, excepting a few years
which his necessities obliged him to give to private tuition,
was with little . relaxation devoted to the accomplishment of
this constant and ardent wish of his heart. With infinite
labour he had at various times transcribed, or collected, and
methodically arranged, letters, tracts, annals, records, diaries,
and innumerable miscellaneous papers, forming upwards of
fifty volumes in folio and quarto. An account of all these,
specifically arranged under distinct heads, was published by
him in a letter to the Rev. ] oseph Berington, respecting the
continuation of "Dodd's Church History," in the September
number of the Catholic Miscellany, I 826. But the pressure
of years, and many prudent misgivings, deterred him from
actual publication; so that, after restoring to the Bishops,
Colleges, and to other private owners, their respective portions
of the MSS. collected, Dr. Kirk assigned what wa
properly
his own to Canon Tierney.
His fitness for such an undertaking is admirably ex-
hibited in the portion of Dodd which he rearranged and
rcpu blished.
The reason of Canon Tierneys discontinuance of his valuable
labours has never been distinctly explained, but the fear ex-
pressed in the preface to his fifth and last volume, that his
investigations might possibly by some be condemned, is pretty
generally understood to have been verified, and his work finally
suspended in consequence.
It is to be hoped that the time has now arrived when all
will agree with the remarks he then added: "To me, however,
it appears that the interests of truth are the interests of each
order and body of men. In itself, indeed, we have little

viii

PREFACE.

concern with the conduct of our predecessors. It can neither
diminish the lustre of our virtues, nor sanctify the errors of
our proceedings: but it can supply a lesson either of en.
couragement or of warning; and may fortunately contribute
to make us better, for the single reason that it makes us wiser,
men. "

\Vhilst disclaiming partiality in the internal dissensions
which, on certain matters of policy and jurisdiction, have from
time to time occurred, the present work is put forth as the
unassisted compilation of a layman, whose only desire is to
place before the public a truthful view of the past. In this
he feels assured that the cause of religion will be assisted, and
the task of a more able historian very much lightened. He
unites with Dodd in the belief expressed in his preface, that
Catholics "suffer more by concealment and misrepresentation,
than by an open and candid declaration."
Since Dodd's days, the researches of antiquarians and his-
torians have brought to light original documents and scarce
books which that talented and industrious clergyman had not
the opportunity of inspecting. He lived, as Canon Tierney
points out, in a state of proscription, surrounded by alarms,
shut out from the intercourse of the learned, compelled to pro-
secute his studies in secret, and to send forth the result
anonymously to the world, without that final correction which
it might, perhaps, otherwise have received.
The vast collections in the Record Office, the British
Museum, and other public libraries and offices throughout
the kingdom, have all, in more recent times, been brought
within the reach of the student, and placed at his disposal;
thus adding to the information of existing histories, explaining
doubtful passages and correcting inaccuracies.
The present work is a compilation from the labours of
previous writers, original documents, catalogues of public and.

,I .

PREFACE.

ix

private libraries, booksellers' and sale catalogues, with informa-
tion derived from personal knowledge. It consists of biblio-
graphical and biographical notices, with criticisms, of all
deceased Catholic Authors, MartYrs, Confessors of the Faith,
Cardinals, Bishops, Vicars-Apostolic, and Archpriests. Artists,
including Painters, Sculptors, Architects, Musicians, and Actors,
whose fame is deserving of notice, will also find a place in the
work. Likewise those members of the Legal, Medical, Military,
Naval, and Scientific professions, who have risen to eminence
in spite of legislative restriction, and in the face of that into-
lerant spirit which sought to prohibit Catholics from enjoying
the position to which their merits would otherwise have
entitled them.
The authorities from which the biographies are chiefly
drawn are carefully noted, and will be found sufficient to
indicate sources for further research. It has been deemed
unnecessary to quote volume and page in works which are
either alphabetically or chronologically arranged, or supplied
with satisfactory indices. N either has it been thought neces-
sary to append an imposing list of references to works which
are mere repetition of those noted. The most reliable and
convenient authorities have been selected.

Though the charge of disloyalty unceasingly levelled against
the Catholics in England by their enemies has long been torn
to shreds, the proofs of its utter groundlessness cannot be too
often displayed. In the present instance it is of use, insomuch
as it allows of the introduction of family notices which would
otherwise be excluded from the scope of the work.
Undeviating attachment to their Sovereign and his rightful
heirs, has ever been the distinguishing mark of Catholics, and
additional suffering and persecution has been brought upon
them in consequence.
IbðO

x

PREFACE.

Nobody of men contributed so largely, both in blood and
treasure, to the maintenance of the Royal cause during the
Civil \Vars, as the persecuted and oppressed Recusants. Years
ago Dr. :Milner pointed out that the whole of the Catholic
nobility, with the serviceable proportion of the gentry and
yeomanry, were seen flocking round the Royal standard,
impatient to wash away with their blood the imputed stain of
" disloyalty," which they had been unjustly constrained to bear
during the greater part of a century. The Catholics who were
possessed of castles and strongholds turned them into Royal
fortresses; and the rest of them raised what money their
estates could afford, in support of the king and the constitution.
Dodd, referring to a list, which is far from complete, notes that
six lieutenant-generals, eighteen colonels, sixteen lieutenant.
colonels, sixteen majors, sixty-nine captains, fourteen lieutenants,
five cornets, and fifty gentlemen volunteers, all Catholics, lost
their lives, fighting in the field for the Royal cause. The
whole number of the noblemen and gentlemen, who thus
perished on the side of the king, was estimated at five hundred.
Two-fifths of these were Catholics. This is in considerable ex-
cess of the proportion which the number of the Catholics at this
period bore to that of the Protestants of the same social rank.
Yet mark the treatment the Catholics received in return.
Every opportunity was seized to increase their sufferings, and
make fresh exactions from their already impoverished estates.
Even the famlly which sheltered Charles II. after his defeat at
\ V orcester, and those Catholics to whom he owed his preserva-
tion, were treated with the same injustice and ingratitude.
An interesting example of this is shown in a l\IS. in the
British Museum, Add. MS., 20,739. It is a report by his
l\Iajesty's command, in 167 I, of all the recusants convict in
twenty-five counties and cities in England and \Vales, amount-
ing to 10,236 persons. I t was forwarded to the Lords Com-

PREFACE.

xi

missioners of the Treasury, for the purpose of calculating what
more could be squeezed out of the unfortunate Catholics. Of
this number, 5,496 belonged to the county of Lancaster alone.
Some of the comments accompanying this return are worthy
of note, The writer observes that it is more than probable
that the number of recusants in those counties from whence no
convictions are certified, may at least equal, if not exceed, the
number certified. Seeing that by law the penalty of :L 20 a
month runs on after the first conviction until conformity, he
considers it worth the labour to compute the total legal liability
of these convictions as they stand upon the record. Conclud-
ing that the penalty is "more than twenty times" due to the
king, few convictions being less than two years old-most of
three, four, five, and more years' standing-he arrives at a grand
total of four or five millions sterling. This amount, he remarks,
is more than all the recusants in England are worth. In those
counties in which he had been able to make inquiry, the persons
were either unknown or so poor as to be scarce worth the
penalty of one :L20, much less the cumulative penalties of two
or three years. He adds, however, that there are persons: of
quality, "but such as either in person or their fathers did
eminently serve the king."
The continued attachment of the great proportion of the
Catholic body to the Stuarts after the usurpation of the throne
by a Dutchman, which, but for religious bigotry, would have
been repugnant to the sense of every Englishman, is a question
of greater nicety, and it is not necessary to examine it here.
Those who suffered the extreme penalty, or lost their lives in
the field on this account, are included, as otherwise some
families would not come within the limits of this work.

Booksellers and printers, to whom so much. credit is due for
spending their fortunes, and in earlier times sacrificing their

xii

PREFACE.

lives, in their efforts to assist and defend the cause by printing
and circulating Catholic literature, have called for special atten-
tion. Indeed, the work would be incomplete without them, and
therefore the record has been made as perfect as the difficult
circumstances, owing to the necessity of concealment of identity
in times of persecution, will allow.
Charles Butler, noticing the extreme rarity of Catholic books
published between the so-called Reformation and the Revolu..
tion, attributes it to the power exercised by pursuivants.
Almost at pleasure they could apprehend Catholics, or sus.
pected Catholics; take them before the magistrates; enter and
search their houses ; and seize their books, and any other kind
of property which they imagined might be used for any rite of
Catholic worship, or for any kind of Catholic devotion.
To this must also be added the smallness of the impressions,
caused by the difficulties and dangers of circulation.
Gee, a Protestant, in his" Foot out of the Snare," published
in I 624, drew attention to the extraordinary high prices of
Catholic books. The reason is palpable, for it was absolutely
impossible for secret presses to work cheaply, or books to be
introduced into the country from abroad without great risk and
expense. Some examples from his illustrations will show how
difficult it must have been for Catholics to provide themselves
with religious books. It will be remembered that the money
of those days must be multiplied many times to bring the
nominal value to its equivalent of to-day. The prices are
apparently those of publication, compared with what Gee con-
sidered the value under ordinary circumstances.
The Douay Bible, he says, sold for 40s., which at an ordi-
nary price might be afforded for IOS.; the Rheims Testament
16s. or 20s., which might be produced for a noble or less; the
same in English, I6mo., I 2S., as against 4S. ; Dr. Worthington's
"Anker of Christian Doctrine," I 4s., against 5s.; Brereley's

PREFACE.

xiii

"Protestant Apologie," I 7s., against 6s. or less; Tobie
l\'Iatthew's "St. Augustine's Confessions," a little book, 8vo.,
16s., against 2S. 6d.; "The Pseudo-Scripturist," by Fr. Norris,
a book of some twelve sheets, sold at 5s.; "The Bishop of
London's Legacy," containing about sixteen sheets, 6s. or 7s. ;
and others in like proportion.
Even in later times the small circulation obliged publishers
to require high prices, and in the last century, when Catholic
booksellers and printers were permitted to try and eke out a
living by their profession, they generally had bankruptcy staring
them in the face. The high prices of many modern Catholic
books are still due to the same difficulty-a limited circulation.
Formerly it was unsafe for authors to attach their names to
their works, and much less dare the printer reveal his name and
address; the publication had to be disguised under a foreign
imprint. So late as 1725, a Catholic printer was prosecuted
for publishing a book taken chiefly from Protestant authors,
"England's Conversion and Reformation Compared," by the
Rev. Robert l\lanning. All this greatly adds to the labour of
compiling a Catholic Bibliographical Dictionary; at the same
time it increases its value.

The penal enactments against education, whereby it was
intended to extinguish the faith in this country, necessitated
the establishment of Colleges and Convents abroad to perpetuate
its very existence. Yet these efforts were not confined to the
Continent; schools on a small scale were secretly conducted in
this country, even during the most severe times of persecution.
Though it is impossible to embrace all who are known to have
assisted in this meritorious work, so essential to the literary
existence of the English Catholics, an attempt has been made
to notice the founders of all English conventual and scholastic
establishments abroad, with some brief outline or indication of

XlV

PREFACE.

their subsequent history. Still more attention has been given
to those daring schoolmasters who braved the dangers of their
profession through the storm of religious persecution, and to
their successors in quieter times, who sacrificed the more
lucrative employments to which their talents and industry
might have been directed, in their desire to keep alive the
ancient faith and promote Catholic education.

The scope of a Biographical Dictionary necessarily admits
only of abridged and condensed notices, yet the work uniformly
proceeds on the plan of giving the most interesting and original
details tending to throw light on general or personal history.
An attempt has also been made to give a concise and impartial
narrative of all the controversies in which Catholics have been
engaged.
It is almost needless to add that the antiquary and genealogist
will find much that will repay perusal. Nearly every Catholic
family will in some way be represented in the course of the
entire work, and an effort has been made to elucidate family
history as much as the circumscribed character of the work
will admit.
Though assistance has been disclaimed in the biographies,
with the exception of where it is acknowledged in its proper
place, the bibliographical part of the work, which will perhaps
by many be considered the most valuable, is frequently in-
debted to the extensive knowledge of early Catholic literature
possessed by the Rev. Raymund Stanfield, and for much
information derived from the valuable library at Foxcote,
belonging to Mr. Philip J. C. Howard, of Corby Castle, to
whose grandfather, Mr. Henry Howard, an obligation was
acknowledged by Canon Tierney in his continuation of Dodd.
IVIr. Orby Shipley's collection of Catholic ascetical books has
also been of great assistance, and sincere thanks are due to

PREFACE.

xv

those gentlemen who responded to the circular, requesting
information on specific subjects, issued in December last.
The courtesy of Bro. Foley, S.]., and the use which has been
made of the literary mine of Catholic historical matter with
which he has liberally provided the public, must not be omitted,
and a similar acknowledgment is due to the valuable aid
rendered by the numerous publications of Fr. Morris, S.].
The principal obligation, however, is due to his Eminence the
Cardinal Archbishop for his kindness and confidence in per-
mitting use to be made of a portion of Dr. Kirk's labours.
These MSS., to which reference is repeatedly made, consist
of four small but closely written bundles of biographical collec-
tions, mostly of a date later than Dodd. A large proportion
does not come within the limits laid down for this work; part
has been already printed in Catholic periodicals during Dr.
Kirk's lifetime; and some portion has been used by Bro. Foley,
in his "Records S.].," from a copy of the collection in the
possession of the Society at St. Francis Xavier's, Liverpool.
Nevertheless, Dr. Kirk's collection, though coming to hand
after the MS. of this volume was written, has been extensively
used in its revision, and the indebtedness for the privilege
cannot be too gratefully acknowledged.
In conclusion, again borrowing a remark from the preface of
the Church Historian, the absence of literary style will, it
is hoped, be excused, and the vastness and utility of the
collection, which, in the language of Dodd, has indeed been
" porter's work," be received as compensation for that and other
deficien cies.

J. G.

LONDON, June 1885.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

. . 1

P. 2, ABEL, T., D.D., martyr. It is to be regretted that this extract from Dodù got
into print, like some others, without revision. Much more might have been
added, and Dodd's concluding remark is absurd. The full title of Abel's
work is, "Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catherinæ matrimonio,
lnvicta Yeritas. An Answere (to' the detcnninations of the moste famous
. . . . Universities, etc.'). That by no maner of lawe it maye be lawfull
for the moste noble Kinge of Englande Kinge Henry the ayght to be divorsid
fro the Quenes grace, his lawful and very wyfe." B.L. Luneberge, 1532, 4 to .
P. 3, ACTO
, CHARLES, line 10, for l\Iasnod reàd Mazenoù.
r. 7, ADA:\IS, J., No. 2, for Anglica read Anglice.
1'. 10, ALDRICH, R., last line but one, for eloqiuntiæ read eloquentiæ.
1'. 12, ALFIELD, THO:\IAS. :\[r. Richard Simpson wrote an article in The Rambler,
1857, vol. vii., entitled" The :\[artyrdom of Thomas Alfield," which is much
fuller than the account given by Challoner.
ALFORD, MICHAEL, S.J., 'vide Griffith.
P. 20, ALLEN, CARD., NO.3, line 3, for confessienn read confession.
Ko 3, line 6,for Lovanie read Lovanii.
1'. 21, Ko. 4, line 4, for Stapletono read Stapletonum.
r\0. 7, line 2, after quæ imert Gregorio XIII. Pont. Max. Romæ et Remis pw
Anglis sunt instiluta.
" One of the Cardinal's most interesting works has been omitted, "A Brief
Historie of the Glorious l\Iartyrdome of XII. Reverend Priests, executed
within these twelve monethes for confession and defence of the Catholike
Faith but under the false pretence of Treason. With a note of sundrie things
that befd them in their life and imprisonment, and a Preface declaring their
innocency. Set forth by such as were much conversant with them ill their
life, and present at their arraignment and death." Printed anno 1582, 8vo.,
viele Letters and :\lemorials of Card. Allen, p. 160 and note.
1'. 21. No.8, line 3, for propagnandam, crudissime read propugnandam crudelissime.
" No. 10. "A True, Sincere, and Modest Defence of English Catholiques that
suffer for their Faith both at home and abrade. Against a false, seditious,
and slanderous Libel, intituled, The Execution of Justice in England.
'Vherein is declared how unjustlie the Protestants doe charge Catholiques
with treason; how untrulie they deny their persecution for Religion, and
how deceitfullie they seeke to abuse strangers about the cause, greatness, and
maner of their sufferings. \Vith divers other matters perteining to this
purpose." Ingolst. 1584, 8vo, title I f., preface 3 ff. pp. 219.
1'. 2'2, Third paragraph, line '2, for exercitur read exercetur; line 4,for focisque read
forisque; line 6,for Britannia read Britannica.
The "De Justitia" Wö:lS not a translation of Allen's work, but was extracted
from Sanders' " De Visibile l\Ionarchiæ," eàited, it is said, by Dr. Rich;ml
Barret. Pitt;; says that Allen's work was translated into Latin by
'Yo Reynolds, " Ad Persecutores," &c.
" Third paragraph, line 7,for 1589 read 1588.
1'. 23, Xo. 12, 4 lines from the end, omit pcrhaps the only one now in eÀistence.
Ticrney, vol. iii. p. 29, refers to having one himself, a transcript of which he
givcs in the Appendix,
p. xliv. The" Admonition" was reprinted with a
preface by Eupatur, 1842, 12mO.
VOL. I. b

.

xviii

ADDITIO
S AKD CORRECTIOKS.

1'. 24, To thc literature of the
ubject may be added, Bellescheim: \Vilhelm Card.
Allen. l\L;.inz, 1885. Also" Le Collége Anglais de Douai Pendant la
Révolution Français (Douai, Equerchin, et Doullens) Traduit de I'Anglais.
Avec une introduction et des Notes par M. l' Abbé L. Dancoisme,"
Douai, 1881, 12mo., with portrait of Card. Allen, and arms incorrectly drawn.
l'erhaps the following should have been also noted: "The First and Second
Diaries of the English College, Douar, and an Appendix of unpublished
ùocuments, edited by .Fathers of the Congreg-ation of the London Oratory,
with an Historical Introduction by Thomas Francis Kno"\, D.D., Priest of
the same Congregation," Lond. 18]8, 4to., being vol. i. of "Records of the
English Catholics under the Penal Law8. Chiefly îrom the Archives of the
See of \Vestminster. .,
P. 28, A:\I1IERsr, I
ishop, actually entered the Dominican novitiate, and though not
professed was clothed, and remained for a long time.
1'. 31, ANDERTO
, DOROTHY, line ú, after estate insert towards thcir support.
1'. 35, A:"JDERToN, L"-\\'RE
CE. Erereley's identity with Lawrence Anderton has herc
been too confidently stated. It is only a conjecture and needs proof, thou
h
it is absolutely certain that James Anderton, Esq., was not the author of the
works published under the alias of Brereley. It seems also beyond doubt
that Brereley was a name adopted by one of the Andertons, but they were
so numerous at this period, and so many of them were priests, that it is im-
possible without stronger proof to fix the identity. The writer's impressions
were rather too hastily drawn from the prefaces of Brereley's and Lawrence
Anderton's works, and their similarity in style. A strong argument against
the assumption is that the Society, which has always kept such a careful
record of its authors, has never laid any claim to Brereley.
1'. 37,
o. 3. 1610 has been stated as the date of a first edition, but it is question-
able if this is not a mistake for 1620 given as a second edition.
Ko. 4. This also was probably only printed in 1624-'
1'. 4], ANDRE'YS, 'V. E., line 5, aftcr than imert that which would be necessary for.
1'.49, line 3,for Dec. 31, 1842, read Jnn. I, 18 4 6 .
No. I, 7th paragraph, for 15th and last volume, Dec. 31, .84 2 , ,'cad 21st
and last volume, Dec. 31, 1845. The volume closed as stated, but another
number was issued Jan. I, 1846, No. 538, vol. xxi., price 6d., in which
the Editor states that the Journal had been working at a loss, and he a ppeab
to the public for support, adding that its continuation depelldecl upon the
demand for the next number (apparently that number), an increase in circu-
lation of 300 being necessary to cover cost.
P. 52, vide Rev. J. Curr, p. 610, NO.4.
P. 54, AI'I'LETO
, JA:\IES, Ko. 2, line 4, for L'IIomond read Lhol11om1.
1'. 59, ARNE, T. A., 6th line from bottom, for instructions read instructiun.
1'. 63, ARROWS:\IITH, E., NO.7, line I,for cruante read cruaute.
1'. 66, ARU:-IUEL, P. II., line 4 from bottom,jõr and read ad.
1'. 67, :Xo. I, reprinted 1610.
1'. 81, The second paragraph should have run on to "l\Iary and Barbara," a frc"h
paragraph commencing" The former."
P. 88, AUSTl:", J., line I, for cotemporary read contemporary.
" Nos. 3 and 4. These two are the same work with different title-pages.
Part 1. seems to have first appeared under the title, .. Liberty of Con"cience
Asserted; or, ]>er
llcution for Religion Condemned by the Laws of God,
:\ature, and Reason," sm. 4to., 1649, PP' 6. Subsequently it appeared as
"The Christian Moderator, in Two Parts; or, Persecution for Religion
Condemned by the Light of Nature, Law of God, Evidence of our own
Principles. 'Vith an Explanation of the Roman Catholick Belief concerning-
these four points: Their Church, 'Yorship, Justification, and Civill Govern-
ment. The fourth edition." Lond., printed for H. J., 1652, I2mo.,
Ütle I f., pp. 1-86 and IS-52, postscript I f., signed Will. Birchler. This,
it wiII be seen, is exactly the same as NO.4, with the title of .. The
Catholiques Plea," first printed without date, and then as given. Under

.\DDITIOXS .\:\"D CORRECTIOKS.

.
XIX

Ko. 3 it i,; stated to have been again printed in 1653, but this !>hould Le-
"The Christian :\loderator, Third Part; or, The Oath of Abjuration
Arraigned by the Common Law and Common Sense, Antiellt and Modem
Acts of Parliament, Declarations of the Army, Law of God, and Consent of
Reformed Divines, and humbly submitted to receive Judgment from this
Honorable Representative." LlJnd., 1653, 4to., title 1 C., p. 30, signed
WiII. Birchley.
P. 89, line 1,/01' Birkley read Birchley.
:\'"0.5, add I2mo., pp. 96.
Ko. 7, published at Paris, 1668, 121110.
" NO.7, line 8,jor 8vo. : read 8vo.,
" ,,10, for edition read edition."
P. IO.J, B.\GGS, C. :\1., NO.7, line I,for sistcrnl. rLad sistema.
I). 104, D.\ILEY. T. He also wrote, "Go\rlen Anophthegms of King Charlc5 1.
and Henry, :\Iarquis of 'Vorcester," 1660, pp. 8.
1'. 113, BAKER, D. A., 2nd paragraph, line 9,for of read from.
P. 114, X o. 2, line 8, jòr from ,'ead on.
1'. 116, K o. 35. To the literature of this subject must be added, "The Spiritual
E'íercises of the most Virtuous and Religious D. Gertrude More, of the
I Ioly Order of St. Bennet, and English Congregation of our Ladies of
Comfort in Cambray. She called them' Amor ordillem nescit,' and Idiot's
Devotiom. Her only spiritual father anet director, the Ven. Fa. Baker,
styled them 'Confe;;siones Amamis,' A Lover's Confession," Paris, 165g,
12mo.. Ded. to the Rev. Mother Bridgit More, l'rioress of the English
Benedictine N llns of our Lady of Hope, Paris, by F. G. She was the great-
granddaughter of Sir Thomas :\[ore.
P. 121, D UIBER, E., 2nd paragraph, line 4, for were alld their, read was alld his.
1'. 127, BARCLA \', J., K o. 5, line 2, for Perente r,:ad Parente.
P. 134, B.\RLOW, Sir A., line 4,fo,. in read among.
P. 13 8 , BARNES, J., 3rcl paragraph, line 3,jor inference r<,adevidence.
P. 154, D \SSETT, J., No. I, to this must be added" An Eirenicon of the Eighteenth
Cer.tllry. Proposal for Catholic Communion by a Minister of the Church
of England," &c. Lond. 1879, 8vo.
P. 160, BEAU
IONT, E., 4th paragraph, line 2, rtad A subsequent possessor of the
title conformed, and deprived Mr. Beaumont of his house and chapel,
withdrawing all support from him.
P. 16 7, DEI>INGFELD, F., 1st paragraph, line 5, for Abb
y, read Abbey;
1'. 176, BELL-HIY FA:\IILY. Much information relative to this family's sufferings for
religion's sake wiII be found in Fr. ::\lorrig' Troubles, Second Series, which
escaped notice when this memoir was written. :\1rs. Bellamy was the widow
of William Bellamy, of Uxenden ::\lanor, and daughter of 'VilIiam Forster,
of Cobdock, co. Suffolk. At the time referred to Uxenden was in the
possession of her eldest son 'ViIIiam, and Jerome was her fifth and youngest
son. They were very much persecuted, and the charge of complicity in the
Babingtor.. plot was a mere excuse. She herself died a martyr's death in the
Tower of London, the hardships of which rendered a public execution un-
necessary. Her third son, Bartholomew, shared her imprisonment in the
Tower, and gained with her the martyr's crown, for he died under torture in
that cruel place. The original papers published by Fr. Morris throw a very
different complexion on this melancholy affair than has hitherto been given.
P
186, BERIXGTOX, c., last paragraph, line 6, for of the read at the.
P. 205, BETHAM, J., No. I, "A Sermon of the Epiphany, preached in the Queen
Dowager's Chappel, at Somerset House, upon the Twelfth Day, Jan. the 6th,
1686. Ry John Betham, Dr. of Sorbon, and Preacher in Ordinary to his
::\lajesty." Lond., Matt. Turner, 16g7, 4to., title I f., pp. 34, errata. I p.
P. 217, BIsHor, E., Ko. I. This notice has got strangely confused. The Deutschland
was a German vessel wrecked on the English coast in 1875, bearing away

x":\..

.\DDITIO::\S AND CORRECTIOKS.

some e),.ileù German nnns, who were drowned. Their bodiès were recovered,
and a dirge was sung at Stratford, at which Cardinal l\1anning preached.
Thi
incident reminded the Rev. H. Van Doorne, of Brixton Rise, London,
S.\V., of the history of Elizabeth Bishop and her companions, and h
wrote
a letter to The Tablet, entitled" A Remarkable Parallel. The "Treck uf the
Dmtsclzlmzd. "
P. :!I8, BISHOP, G., No, 2, line I, for Compagner reml Campagne. The book is the
" \V a y to in!>truct the Poor of the Country," i.e., the country poor, as dis-
tinct fr0111 the poor of the cities and towns.
1\"0. 4 was published the year following )[r. Bishop's death, 17 6 9.
P. 277, BOURCHIER, T., NO.2, line I,fvl' Orationum read Orationem.
P. 28 5, BOYLE, RICHARII, Rev. Three years after Andrews' Orthodox JtJllrilal had
heen discontinued, it was re\'ived by 1\1r. Boyle under the title "The
\Yeeklyand Monthly Orthodm... A Catholic Journal of Correspondence
and Literature," publi:;hed by J\L Andrews, Duke Street, Little Britain,
London, and edited by the Rev. Richard Boyle, 8vo., double columns,
price 3d. It was a well got-up publication, with illustrations and a weekly
calendar, commencing Jan. 6 and ending July 28, 1849, when it was united
with The TVeekly Register, the successor of Dolman's l\IagaÚne, which
made its first appearance Aug. 4, 1849, published by Thomas Booker, and
edited by Rev, Edward Price.
Mr. Boyle was the priest at Islington, where he built the presbytery, for
which he claimed compensation when he was removed. The following
pamphlets were published on the !'ubject :-
I. Correspondence between Cardinal \Viseman ann the Rev. Richard
Boyle in Reference to his Removal from the Catholic Church of
St. John's, Islington. Lond. 1853, 8vo.
'> Report of the Trial at C:uildford. Lond. Üì54, 8vo.
3. Report of the Trial at Kingston. Lond. 1855, 8vo.
4. Full Sta tement of the Causes. Lond. 1855, 8vo.
r. 302, BRIsrow, R., No.2, line 7,101' de gnus read dignus.
P. 3 1 3, BROOK, B., No. I, first edition said to be 1649; others 17I4ann 1741.
" No.2, an edition 1631 ; that of 1634 has only three tomes. The later editions
have five.
r. 325, BROWN, T. J., No.2, line I,for Daubury n:ad Daubeny,
P. 3 68 , BVFLEET, JOHN EDWARD, O.S.ll., vide \Vorsle
'.
1'. 437, CATHERIXE OF ARRAGON, Ko. 5, edited by N. Pocock.
P. 544, COLLINS, Re\'. Dr., about the time of the French Revolution established a
school at Harrow, and in 1806 removed to Southall Park, nine miles from
London, where he had about twenty boys. He had two assistant masters,
one of whom, for some years, was the Rev. John Chetwode Eustace, the
author of .. The Classical Tour." Dr. Collins maintained his school at
Southall Park until about 1830. It seems to have been held in high esti-
m:üion. (Gillow," Cath. Schools in Eng.," MS.)
1'. 57 I, CORKER, J. 1\[, The following anonymous pamphlets were written by this
learned Benedictine, who probably was the author of many others not
recorded.
7. "Queries to Dr. Sacheverell from North Britain," s.l. aut an" 4to., pp. 8.
lIenry Sacheverell, D.D., was suspended by the House of Lord:" in
1710, for preaching and printing two sermons in the preceding year,
which attacked Low Churchmen and Dissenters. Many tracts were
written on the subject. \Yalpole, Earl of Orford, wrote" Four Letters
to a Friend in Korth Britain upon the publishing the Tryal of Dr. SaclIe-
veIl." Lond. 1710, 4to. This tract does not refer to Fr. Corker's.
8. ".c\ Rational Account given by a Young Gentleman to his Uncle of the
Motives and Reasons why he is become a Roman Catholick, and why
he now Declines any farther Dispute:; or Contests about Matters of
Religion," s.l., aut an., 4to., pp. S.

BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
. DICTIONARY

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

., I

Abbot, Augustine or John, alias Rivers, priest and
confessor of the Faith, a native of London, born in 1588, was
ordained priest at Douay in 1612, when he left the college to
enter the Society of Jesus. He was sent to the English
mission in 16 I 5. After 162 1 his name disappears from the
catalogues of the Jesuits, and it seems probable that he left the
Society about this time. On Dec. 8, 1641, he was condemned
with six other priests, at the sessions held at the Old Bailey,
to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, for being a priest, and they
were to have been executed on the 13th of the same month.
They were, however, reprieved by the king in spite of the
strenuous opposition of both Houses of Parliament, but were
a.ll suffered to linger away their lives in Newgate. The date of
l\ir. Abbot's death is not recorded.

Chattoller, llIc1lloirs j Fotey, Records, S -f., Cottectalzca.
I. Jesus Præ:fi.gured; or, a Poëme of the Holy Name of Jesus,
in Five Bookes. Permissu Superiorum. 1623. 4to. Dedicated to
Prince Charles. Prefixed is also a letter in Spanish by the same person :
"A la Serenisima Señora Doña Maria de Austria, Infante de Ispaña, Princesa
de Gales," dated from the Convent of St. John the Baptist at Antwerp,
Nov. 12, 1623. This date proves that the news of the breaking off of the royal
match had riot reached Antwerp at that date, and readily accounts for the
work not being continued through the last three books. Charles left Madrid,
Sept. 8, O.s. 1623.
The work abounds with references to the English martyrs and persons of
distinction.

Abbot, Henry, martyr, a yeoman and zealous convert, who
lived at Holden, in Yorkshire, was put to death on account of
VOL. I. B

2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONAR\

his religion at York, Nov. 29, 1596. Dodd, on the authority of
Dr. Worthington's Catalogue of Martyrs, gives the date of his
death as I 595, and states that he was convicted for assisting
and relieving missioners.

Chattoller, lIiéllloz'rs,. Dodd, Ch. Hz's!.

Abel, or Able, Thomas, D.D., was educated at Oxford,
where he took his degrees in Arts, in I 5 16, and was afterwards
created D.D. He is described as a learned man, well versed
in modern languages, and also a proficient master of instru-
mental music. These qualifications introduced him to Court,
and he was appointed domestic chaplain to Queen Catharine,
wife of Henry VIII. The affection he bore towards his
mistress led him into the dangerous controversies of the times.
He opposed the divorce, both by word and pen, but unfortunately
was misled by the delusions of Elizabeth Barton, called the
Holy l\1aid of Kent, and he incurred a misprision. He was
afterwards condemned to die, and was executed at Smithfield,
July 30, 1540, together \\"ith Dr. Edward Powel and Dr.
Richard Fetherstone, for denying the ecclesiastical supremacy
of the king, and affirming his marriage with Queen Catharine
to be good.
Three Lutheran divines suffered at the same time and
place.
From these and such like inconsistent executions during the
reign of Henry VIII., it is hard to say who ,vere most in his
favour, Catholics or Reformers, and where to fix his religion.

Dodd, Ch. His!.

I. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catharina Matri-
monis. 1534.

Abell, John, musician, was attached to the royal chapel in
the reigns of Charles II. and James II., but after the Revolu-
tion of 1688, he was discharged on account of his religion.
Thereupon he went abroad) and distinguished himself by
singing in public in Holland, at Hamburg, and other places. In
170 I he published at London a collection of songs, with a
dedication to \Villiam III. Towards the end of Queen
Anne's reign be was at Cambridge with his lute, but met

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

3

with little encouragement. How long he lived afterwards is
not known.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
2. Songs, ded. to \Villiam III. Lond. 1701.

Ackrick, or Ackrige, John, priest, was born at Richmond,
in Yorkshire, where he was brought up. He was a good
musician and Latin scholar, and was for some time a Protestant
curate. He was eventually reconciled to the Church, and
appears to have served the mission in the ncighbourhood of his
native town, where he was apprehended, in his sister's house,
tried by his kinsman, an alderman of Richmond, and was com-
mitted for being a priest to York Castle. Here, though infirm
ami weak, he was put in irons, being subsequently rcmoved to
the North Block-house and Castle of Hull, where he remained
in prison until his death, l\Iarch 2, 1585.
Records S.J. vol. iii. p. 23 2.

Acrick, or Ackerige, Sir Thomas, O.S.F., rcnouncing
the world, was ordaincd priest, and apparently served the
mission in his native county, Yorkshire, where he was appre-
hended and committed to York Castle. Fr. Grene relates in
his 1I1S., that even while in prison he strictly observed the
rules of his Order. He was removed from York Castle to the
North Block-house, Castle of Hull, \vhere he remained for some
time until his death, about 1583.
Fole.JI, Records S J. vol. iii.

Acton, Charles Januarius, Cardinal, was the second son
of Sir John Francis Acton, Bart., and was born at Naples,
March 6, 1803. The family was a cadet branch of the Actons
of Aldenham Hall, near Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, and had
settled in Naples some time before the Cardinal's birth. His
father was engaged in the Neapolitan service when he succeeded
to the family estate and title on the death of his cousin, Sir
Richard Acton, Bart. The education of the future Cardinal
was in great measure English ; for though he learnt his rudi-
ments from M. De Masnod, afterwards Bishop of l\'Iarseilles.
upon the death of his father, in 181 I, he was sent with his elder
brother, Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Acton, to a school kept
n 2

f
I

4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

by the Abbé Quéqué, at Parson's Green, near London. His
guardians then removed the two Actons to \Vestminster School,
upon an understanding that their religion should not be inter-
fered with; but difficulties arose on this score which soon obliged
their being removed, and they were placed in a Protestant school
at Isleworth. They next were sent to reside with a Protestant
clergyman in Kent, the Rev. l\1r. Jones, as private pupils. After
this, in I 8 19, they went to Cambridge, and became, under Dr.
Neville, inmates of Magdalen College, where the future Cardinal
finished his secular education in 1823. The reader will allow
that this was a very unusual preparation for the Roman purple.
He now, in 1823, proceeded to Rome, and entered the College
of the Academia Ecclesiastica, where ecclesiastics, intending to
be candidates for public offices, receive a special training. Here
Acton distinguished himself by his piety and assiduity, having,
besides the common lectures, the assistance of a private tutor,
in Professor (afterwards Cardinal) Fornari. One of his proba-
tional essays attracted such attention from the Secretary of State,
Della Somaglia, that Pope Leo XII. made him one of his
chamberlains, and sent him as an attaché to the N unciature of
Paris. Here he had the best possible opportunity of becoming
thoroughly acquainted with diplomacy. Pius YIII. recalled
him to Italy, and named him Vice-legate, giving him a choice
of any out of the four legations over which Cardinals presided.
This was quite a new office, and l\10nsignor Acton selected
Bologna, as affording him the best opportunities for improve-
ment. Here he became acquainted with the whole system of
provincial administration, and the application of civil law. He
was, howeyer, but a short time there, for at the close of that
brief Pontificate he left the city, before the unexpected revolu-
tion broke out. He was in England again in IS 29, to marry
his only sister Elizabeth to Sir Robert Throckmorton. By
Gregory XVI. he was made an assistant-judge in the civil court
of Rome; and secretary to a most important congregation, or
council, for the maintenance of religious discipline. But in
Jan. 1837, to his own astonishment and dismay, he was ap-
pointed to the highest dignity in Rome, after the cardinalate,
that of Auditor to the Apostolic Chamber. Probably it was
the first time that so responsible a post, generally conferred on
a prelate of great judicial experience and of long standing, had
been offered to a foreigner. Acton refused it, but was obliged

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5

to yield to a sovereign command. This office is considered as
necessarily leading to a place in the Sacred College; so that
when Cardinal \Veld died in the April following Acton's pro-
motion, it could hardly be matter of conjecture that his turn
was not far distant. The death of his elder brother, Sir
Ferdinand Acton, of Aldenham, brought him to England in
I 837, for a short time, in order to settle family matters, which
he did in the most generous manner. He was proclaimed
Cardinal Priest, with the title of Santa Maria della Pace,
Jan. 24, 1842, having been created nearly three years previous.
His health, never strong, soon began to decline; a prolonged
attack of ague weakened him till he was unable to shake it
off: and he sought refuge, first at Palermo, then in Naples, his
native city. But it was too late; and he expired there June 23,
1847. :l\Iany who saw him knew little of his sterling worth.
So gentle, so modest, so humble was he, so little in his own
esteem, that his solid judgment, extensive acquirements, and
even more ornamental accomplishments, were not easily elicited
by a mere visitor or casual guest. It used to be said by those
who knew him in early youth, that his musical powers and genial
wit used to form, combined, an inexhaustible fund of innocent
cheerfulness; and certainly his countenance seemed to have
retained the impression of a natural humour that could have
been easily brought into play. But this was overruled by the
pressure of more serious occupation and the adoption of a more
spiritual life.
The soundness of his judgment and his legal knowledge
were fully recognized by the Bar, for it was familiarly said
by advocates of the first rank, that if they could only know
rvr. Acton's view of a case they could make sure of what
would be its ultimate decision. In like manner, when he was
officially consulted on important ecclesiastical business, and
gave his opinion in writing, this was so explicit, clear, and
decisive, that Pope Gregory used to say that he had never
occasion to read anything of his twice over.
The greatest proof which the Pope could well have given him of
his confidence was to select him, as he did, to be his interpreter
and only witness, in the important interview between him and
the Emperor of Russia. Of what took place at it, not a word
was ever breathed by the Cardinal beyond this, that when he
had interpreted the Pope's first sentence, the Emperor turned

6

EIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

to him in the most respectful and finished manner, and said,
II It will be agreeable to me if your Eminence will act as my
interpreter also." Immediately after the conference, Cardinal
Acton wrote down, at the Pope's request, a minute account of
it, but he never allowed it to be seen.
The King of Naples came to Rome principally to provide a
good bishop for his metropolis, and pressed acceptance of the
See on Cardinal Acton, who, however) inexorably refused it.
\Vhen a lamentable accident deprived the then reigning family
of France of its first-born, the bereaved mother wrote to him
as a friend in whom she could confide, to tell her griefs and
llOpes, and obtain through him what could alleviate her
sorrows.
As to his charities, they were so unbounded, that he wrote
from Naples that he had actually tasted the distress which he
had often sought to lighten in others. He may be said to
have departed hence in all the wealth of a willing poverty.
Card.
Visemall, Rccollecti01lS of tlte Last Four POþes.

I. A Portrait, by T. U wins, R.A., engr. by A. Periam, was inserted in
the Catholic Directory of 1843, with a biographical sketch, "Card. Acton,
ætat. 27."

Acton, Joseph, was the son of a physician, of the family
of Acton of Aldenham, in Shropshire, and was born at Besançon
in 1737. He entered into the French navy, and afterwards
that of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. His rescuing of 4,000
Spaniards from the Barbary corsairs made him known at the
Court of Naples, and through the patronage of the queen he
became l\linister of the l\1arine, and afterwards of the Finances.
He was dismissed from the l\1inistry in 1803, and retired into
Sicily, where he died in 1808.
Cates, Dict. of CCll. Biog.

Acton, Thomas, priest, martyr; ,,-,ide Holford.

Adams, James, Father S.J., born in England, 1737;
entered the Society at \Vatten, 1756; and taught humanities
at St. Orner's College with great success. He was missioner
at Aston, Stafford, in 1773, and after pursuing the quiet tenor

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

7

of his way as a missionary for many years, he retired to Dublin
in Aug. 1802, and died there Dec. 6 following, aged 65.
Oliver, Colleelio/is; Foley, Rccords SJ., Collectm/ca.

I. Early Rules for taking a I.ikeness. \Vith plates. From the
French of Bonamici. Lond. ]792. 8vo. pp. 59.
2. Oratio Academica, Anglica et I.atine conscripta. Lond. ]793.
Svo. pp. 21.
3. Euphonologia Linguæ Anglicanæ, Latine et Gallice Scripta.
Lond. J794. 8vo. pp. 190. Inscribed to the Royal Societies of Berlin and
London. The author was honoured with the thanks of the Royal Society,
London.
4. Rule Britannia; or, the Flattery of Free Subjects para.
phrased and expounded. To which is added an Academical
Discourse in English and I.atin. Lond. ]796. 8vo. pp. 60.
5. A Sermon Preached at the Catholic Chapel of St. Patrick,
Sutton Street, Soho Square, on Wednesday, the 7th of March,
the Day of Public Fast. Lond. 1798. Svo. pp. 34.
6. The Pronunciation of the English I.anguage vindicated
from imputed Anomaly and Caprice; in two Parts, with an
Appendix. Edin. ]799. Svo. pp. 164.
This work, according to Park, contains "many ingenious remarks on
languages and dialects, though the style of the writer is characterized by
much whimsical eccentricity."
7. From a letter of his friend, John 1\1oir, dated Edinburgh, Nov. 11,
]SOI, as well as from the reply to it, it is obvious that Father Adams con-
templated publishing his Tour Through the Hebrides.
8. Dr. Oliver seemed to think he was the author of three works: "The
Elements of Reading," ]791; of "Useful Knowledge," 1793; and "A
View of Universal History," ]795; but these are the works of the Rev.
John Adams, M.A.

Adams, John, priest and martyr, was born at l\Iartin's
Town, Dorset, and from a Calvinist minister became a fervent
Catholic. He was ordained priest at Rheims, and returned
home a missionary in 1581. Apprehended, he was im-
prisoned and banished, in 1585, but returning to England he
again fell into the persecutors' hands, and on Oct. S, 1586,
expiated, by a glorious death at Tyburn, that crime of high
treason affixed by English law to the character and functions
of a priest.
Hampshire \Vas the chief arena of his apostolic labours,
and Fr. \Varford, S.J., who had knòwn him, relates that he was
of the middle size, apparently about 40 years of age, had a
darkish beard, cheerful countenance, black eyes, ready speech,

8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

and was "ingenii simplicis et admodum pii: laboriosus
imprimis."
Challo71er, Memoirs; Oliver, Collections.

Adamson, Robert Vincent, O.P., was born about Nov.
1799, at Freckleton, in Lancashire, being descended from an
ancient yeomanry family, originally settled at Goosnargh,
which constantly figures in the Recusant Rolls from the time
of Elizabeth to the reign of George 1. He was professed at
Hinckley, July 3, 1817, and taught at Bornhem for two years
from the following September. He then studied at Mechlin,
and was ordained priest June 1, 1823. Returning to Hinckley,
he taught there for about two years, and was then appointed
assistant priest of the Sisters at Hartpury Court. He died
there, l\'1ay 12, 183 I, aged 32, and was buried in Hartpury
ch urch yard.
Palmer, Obit. Notices O.S.D.

I. Remarks on a Discourse entitled" The Church of England
and the Church of Rome, compared with the Gospel of Christ,"
&c., preached in the Church of St. John the Baptist, at Glouces.
tar, by the Rev. Hen. Wintle, M.A., Ilecturer, Cheltenham. Lond.
18 2 9. 8vo. pp. 58.

Adelham, or Adland, John Placid, O.S.B., was born
in \Viltshire, and from a Protestant minister became a monk of
the venerable Order of St. Bennet. He was professed at St.
Edmund's Monastery, Paris, in 1652. He was Prior of St.
Laurence's l\'1onastery at Dieulward from 1659 to 1661, and
was sent to England and stationed at Somerset House from
166 I to 1675. In the latter year he was banished, but return-
ing to England, became one of the victims of the infamous
Oates' Plot, and was tried and condemned to death merely as
a priest, Jan. 17, 1678-9. He was reprieved, but was detained
in prison in Newgate, where he died between 1681 and 1685.
He was a great reader and admirer of the works of St.
Augustin.
Chattoner, llfc11loirs; Snow, Bellcd. lVecrology.

Adolph, William, Esq., a merchant of Great St. Helen's,
married, in 1840, Maria Elizabeth, youngest daughter of 1\'1r.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

9

Richard Brown, the eminent Catholic publisher of London, and
died at his residence, l\Iaitland Park, Haverstock Hill, June 22,
1868, aged 58.
I. Tho Simplicity of the Creation; concise view of Mr.
Adolph's new theory of the Solar System, Thunderstorms, Water-
spouts, &c. Liverpool, 1856, 16mo.; Lond. 1859, 8vo.; 1861 and 1864.
2. The Origin and Character of the Holy Scriptures. Lond.
1866. 8vo.
3. The Stranger's Guide at High Mass. Lond. (Derby printed),
roY.32mo. pp. 43, with Address to the Protestant reader.

Agar, William Seth, divine, was born near York, on
Christmas-day 1815. He was educated at Prior Park, where
he was ordained priest, and was appointed to succeed the Rev.
\Villiam Joseph Vaughan as incumbent of Lyme, Dorsetshire,
in the midsummer of 1845.
Ill-health at length compelled him to retire from his mission,
and for a short time he supplied at Salisbury. On his recovery
he resumed his pastoral duties at Lyme, from which he was
transferred to Spetisbury, on account of Lyme disagreeing
with him.
In 1852 he was appointed chaplain to the canonesses of St.
Augustine at Abbotsleigh, and four years later he was installed
Canon of the Plymouth chapter in the room of Canon Tilbury,
deceased. He died Aug. 23, 1872, in the 57th year of his
age, the 30th of his priesthood, and the 20th of his residence
at St. Augustine's Priory.
Canon Agar was a deep thinker, rather than a great reader;
for though he had studied many theological and philosophical
works, and had carefully annotated all the published writings
of Rosmini, his favourite author, yet he had the faculty of
seizing upon the thoughts rather than the words of the authors
he consulted, and thus making them a portion of his own mind.
Perhaps, hardly a priest in England was more deeply versed in
ascetical and mystical theology, or had had more experience
in the operations of grace in souls.
Oliver, Collectiolls; Call. Browlllozv, Tablet, Sept. 7, 18 7 2 .

J. A Catholic Catechism, methodically arranged for the USÐ of
the Uninstructed. Lond. 1849, 32mo. A trans. from the Italian of Dr.
Rosmini Serbati.
2. Annotations on the Works of Rosmini. l\1SS.

10

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Ainsworth, Sophia Magdalene, in religion Sister IVlary
Anne Liguori of Jesus Crucified, O.SS.R., was the daughter
of John Hanmer, Esq., and sister of Sir Thomas Hanmer, of
Bettisfield Park, Shropshire. She was born at Hanmer, in
Flintshire, July 22, 1819; and, in 1839, married John Lees
Ainsworth, Esq., of Oldham, co. Lancaster.
. Shortly after her marriage, like so many others at the com-
mencement of what is known as the Tractarian movement, she
was led to study the truth of the Catholic religion, in total
ignorance of which she had of course been brought up.
\Vhilst harassed with doubts, and suffering at the same time
from other trials, she came across the little treatise on Con-
formity to the Holy Will of God by St. Alphonsus. This
work made a great impression on her. Somewhat later she
attended a course of instructions, by Fr. (Cardinal) Newman, at
the Oratory, IZing William Street, which resulted in her con-
version.
She was reccived into the Church, by Fr. Newman, June 14,
18 5 0 .
She induced her husband to allow her five children to be
educated as Catholics, and twenty years later Mr. Ainsworth
himself was received into the Church, a short time before his
death in 187!.
Several Catholic missions owe thcir foundations to Mrs.
Ainsworth: Upton, in vVorcestershire, Denbigh, &c.
After her husband's death, on Sept. 22, 1872, she entered the
Convent of the Redemptorists in Dublin, and on May 19, in
the following year, she received the habit.
Family difficulties obliged her to return for some time into
the world, but she returned, in June 1875, when the Redemp-
torists removed from their temporary dwelling to the Monastery
at Clonliffe \Vest. Here she was professed, Sept. 1876, and
died April I, 1882.
The Tablet, April, 1882.

Aldrich, Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, a native of Burn-
ham, in Buckinghamshire, was elected from Eton to King's
College, Cambridge, in 1507. Here he became acquainted
with Erasmus, who in one of his epistles calls him "blandæ
eloqiuntiæ J uvenis," and accompanied him on his famous pil.
grimage to \Valsingham in I 5 1 I.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

I I

He \\'as B.A. 151 1-12; T\'I.A. 15 I 5 ; and i\Iaster of Eton
School from the latter year to 1 5 1 8. In I 5 I 7 a special grace
passed that he might be B.D. within two years, but he was not
admitted to that degree within the prescribed period. He was
a university preacher in 1523, and one of the proctors of the
university in the year following. He was employed by the
university to write certain letters to the king in 1527, and
was collated to the prebend of Centum Solidorum in the church
of Lincoln, July 18, 1528, but exchanged it for that of Decem
Librarum in the same church, Jan. 1528-9. He was a member
of the Convocation in 1529, when the great case of the king's
divorce was agitated, and in the same year was incorporated
at Oxford in the degree of B.D., which he had previously taken
at Cambridge.
In 1530 he commenced D.D. at Oxford, and was nominated
by the Crown to the Archdeaconry of Colchester, Dec. 30,
1531. Two years later he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk
and others on an embassy to the King of France c-.nd the Pope;
and l\lay 13, 1534, was constituted Registrar of the Order of
the Garter and Canon of \Vindsor. lIe was elected Provost of
Eton College, June 21, 1536; became Almoner to Queen Jane
Seymour; and was nominated Bishop of Carlisle, June 18,
1537. He seems to have run with the times, but eventually
died in communion with the Catholic Church. In 1 539 he is
found vigorously supporting the Bill of the Six Articles in the
House of Lords; and in the following year he was one of many
emine!1t divines whom the king appointed to compare the rites
and tenets of the Church with the Scriptures and ancient
writers. He complied with all the subsequent changes of
religion, and in the reign of Mary acted as a commissioner
for the suppression of heresies; and took a part in the pro-
ceedings against Bishop Hooper, Dr. Rowland Taylor, Dr.
Crome, John Rogers, and other Protestants.
He died at Horncastle, Lincolnshire, T\larch 5, 1555-6, and
was there buried.
His learning is highly extoUed by Erasmus and Leland.
Dodd, CIt. His!.,. Cooper, A/It. Cmztab.

I. Epigrammata varia in Horman's Antibossicon.
:? Epistola ad Guliel. Hermanum, in Latin verse, prefixed to the
same author's Vulgaria, 1521. 4to.
A satire upon R. \Vhittington.

12

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

3. The Register of the most noble Order of the Garter, com-
monly called the Black Book, published by John Anstis, Garter,
1724, fol.
Mr. Anstis, however, speaks disparagingly of this work, which he says is
full of mistakes, and he terms its author a credulous antiquary.
4. Several treatises against Rob. \Vhittington. Dodd, Certamen Utriusque,
mentions one on the Real Presence.

Alfield, Thomas, priest, martyr, was born in Gloucester-
shire, and studied his divinity in the English College then at
Rheims, where he was ordained priest in I 58 I, and sent upon
the English mission.
Shortly after his arrival in England he appears to have been
arrested and thrown into prison, where he is found in April,
1582. In the latter part of the following year, or the beginning
of I 584, Cecil published his work, entitled " The Execution of
Justice, &c., or, Justitia Britannica." The drift of this. book
was to persuade the world that the Catholics who had suffered
in England since the Queen's accession to the throne, had not
suffered for religion, but for treason. This work was imme-
diately answered by Dr. Allen, who thoroughly exposed the
glaring untruths of the Lord Treasurer. But people in power
will not submit to be told they lie; and therefore rvlr. Alfield,
who had found means to import into the kingdom some copies
of Dr. Allen's "J\10dest Answer to the English Persecutors,"
and had dispersed them, with the help of Thomas vVebley,
a dyer, was called to account, with Vvebley also; and both
were most cruelly tortured in prison. This was done in order
to make them reveal the names of the persons to whom the
books had been distributed. They were afterwards brought to
trial, and condemned July 5, and suffered at Tyburn on the
following day, 1585.
They were offered their lives if they would renounce the
Pope and acknowledge the Queen>s ecclesiastical supremacy,
but they refused to do so.
Challoner, Memoirs.

Alford, Thomas, Father S.J., is referred to by De Backer
as publicly defending theses in the Jesuit College at Rome ill
1622, but his name does not appear in Bro. Foley's Collec.
tanea S.J. of the English Province.
De Backer, Bibliothèque des E cri
'aÌ11s de la Compagnie de Jésl/s.

OF THE E
GLISII CATHOLICS.

13

I. Rosa veralla sive de laudibus Illmi. Principis Fabritii Card.
Veralli Odæ tres. A. Martino, Tondo Acad. Parth. dedicatæ dum
publice de philo sophia disputaret in ColleglO Rom. Societatis
Jesu. Romæ, Typis Jacobi Mascardi, 1622. Superiorum. Permissu.
4to., title, pp. 16.

Alice, Dame, vide Alice Harrison.

Allanson, George, priest, is alluded to by Gee, in 1624,
as a Jesuit and author of the under-mentioned work, but he was
either incorrect, or the name was a pseudonym, for it is not met
with in the diaries of the various colleges, or the clergy lists.
Gee, Foot out of the Snare, 1624.

I. Of the Conversion of Nations, of the Miracles, of the Mar.
tyrdoms, and of the Union of the Members of the Catholic
Church. By George Allanson, Jesuit.

Allanson, Peter Athanasius, O.S.B., was born at
London, in 1805, and was educated at Ampleforth College,
where he was professed June 2, 1821. He was distinguished
in youth for his love of historical studies. It was during the
time that he was teaching at Ampleforth that his predilection
for historical research brought him into close relationship with
Dr. Lingard, the historian.
Dr. Lingard's History of England was given to the world
during the years 18 19-25, and the learned historian availed
himself considerably of the services of Fr. Allanson, whose
leisure for study and opportunity for research made him a
valued friend.
He was ordained priest in 1828, and shortly after left
Ampleforth for the mission at Swinburne, in Northumber-
land.
Here he resided without interruption for forty-seven years.
In 1854 he was made a member of the General Chapter, the
legislative body of the Benedictine Order, and four years later
he was elected Provincial of York, an office which he retained
until his death, having been re-elected four times. He was
made Cathedral Prior of Norwich in 1862, and Abbot of
Glastonbury in I 874.
He died at Swinburne, Jan. 13, 1876, aged 7 I.
Tke Tablet, Jan. 22, 1876; Snow, Baled. Necrology.

14

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY

I. He left, in MS., an historical work containing a great amount of unique
and valuable information respecting the Catholic Church in England since
the Reformation.

Allen, John, priest, was executed at Tyburn, in the com-
mencement of the year I 538, for refusing to subscribe to the
ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles J. Cath. Mag: I 832.

Allen, William, Cardinal, was born in 1532, at Rossall, in
Lancashire, the year in ,,"hich Henry VIII. secretly married
Anne Boleyn, Queen Catharine being alive., and no sentence of
divorce pronounced. It was in this same year that Archbishop
Warham died, and Cranmer was nominated by the king as his
successor in the See of Canterbury. \Villiam Allen was the third
son of John Allen, of Rossall, in Lancashire, a Grange belong-
ing to the Abbey of Dieulacres, in Leicest
rshire, which is said
to have been originally leased to his ancestors by one Ralph
Allen, some time abbct of that monastery. His mother was
Jane, daug
ter of Thomas Lister, of Arnold Biggin, \Vestby,
in Yorkshire, ancestor of the Lords Ribblesdale, a woman of
great virtue, and very highly connected.
In 1547, the year in which Henry VIII. died, vVilliam
Allen went up to Oriel College, Oxford. He became Bachelor
of Arts in I 550, and in the same year was unanimously elected
Fellow of his college. His tutor at Oxford was the Rev.
Morgan Philipps, a man famed for his skill in disputation and
his attachment to the Catholic faith, who afterwards co-
operated with his friend and former pupil in the establishment
of the Seminary at Douay.
At Queen Mary's accession Allen resolved to dedicate
himself to the ecclesiastical state; and, after seven years spent
in literary and philosophical studies, took the degree of l\laster
of Arts, July 16, 1554. In 1556 he was chosen Principal of
St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, and in that year, as well as in the
following one, filled the office of Proctor in the university.
In the last year of the reign of Queen Mary he was made
Canon of York, but the abolition of the Catholic religion
in England by her successor, Queen Elizabeth, changed the
tenor of his fortunes, and Allen was one of the first who forsook
his preferments. Though he resigned the office of Principal of

OF THE EXGLISH CATHOLICS.

15

St. 1Iary's Hall, it was still possible for him to continue to
reside at Oxford, where conformity with the new religion was at
first sparingly enforced. But the zeal which he showed for the
Catholic faith in winning back the fallen, and in encouraging to
perseverance those who were steadfast, gave such offence to the
civil authorities, that he was soon obliged to leave England for
the Continent. He crossed over to Flanders in 1561, and took
up his abode at the university of Louvain, where he found
many of his countrymen who had preceded him. Here he
continued his theological studies, and at the same time com..
posed the first draft of a treatise on Purgatory
in English,
which he published some years later. He also acted as tutor to
a young English gentleman, Christopher Blount, who became
well known in after years at the Court of Queen Elizabeth, and
died in 1600, on the s.caffold, for his share in the conspiracy of
the Earl of Essex, About this time Allen's health suffered so
severely from his attendance on his pupil during a dangerous
illness, that he was advised to revisit his native county of
Lancaster as the only hope of saving his life. He spent
three years in England, from 1562 to 1565, and though he had
not yet received priest's orders, devoted himself, as soon as his
health permitted it, to the work of fortifying in the faith all
whom he could influence, and especially of urging upon them
the duty of abstaining from all communication with heretics in
the Protestant worship by law established. The success which
attended his labours was so great in Lancashire, that he was
compelled before long to provide for his safety by leaving
for a distant county. His new place of abode was not far from
Oxford, and the neighbourhood of the university, where he had
many friends, opened to him a fresh field for his zeal. He also
employed his time in writing two controversial treatises in
English on the Priesthood and on Indulgences, which he after-
wards published at Louvain, But he was once more obliged to
seek a new place of refuge, and this time he found shelter in the
county of Norfolk, in the family of the Duke of Norfolk, who,
though himself a Protestant, gave protection to several learncd
Catholics.
Allen continued his labours for souls in the Duke's house
and the neighbourhood, and succeeded in bringing back some
wanderers to the Church. It was while living here that he wrote
the short tract concerning the Notes of the Catholic Faith. But

16

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

the vigour with which it was written, and the wide circulation it
obtained, stirred up such hostility against him, that he was
advised to leave England.
He therefore retired once more to the Low Countries in
1565, and after being ordained priest at l\Ialines, where he had
previously received all the other Orders, occupied himself with
teaching theology, in a convent of the same city. After spend-
ing two years in Flanders, Allen set out in the autumn of I 567
on a pilgrimage to Rome in the company of his old master,
Morgan Philipps, and Dr. Vendeville, at that time Regius Pro.
fessor of Canon Law in the university of Douay, and afterwards
bishop of T ournay.
Dr. Vendeville's object was to lay before the Pope a project
for the conversion of the infidels, or, according to another
account, for the relief of slaves out of Barbary. He was Ul1-
succe::;sful, for the Pope was too much occupied with other more
weighty matters, and in the spring he returned with Allen to
Belgium in a somewhat despondent frame of mind, and on the
journey disclosed by degrees to his companion the subject of his
grief. Allen at once seized the opportunity of giving Dr. Vende-
ville's zeal a new direction. He pointed out to him the great
needs of the Catholics in the Netherlands and England, and
showed him how much easier, and at the same time more useful,
it would be to succour them. He spoke more particularly of
the danger which threatened the Church in England, through
the dying out of the ancient priests, and suggested as a remedy
for the evil the foundation of a college for English students
abroad. His aim was-first, to enable English students abroad
to have the benefit of collegiate training; secondly, to form a
body of learned priests capable of restoring the Catholic religion
in England whenever circumstances should permit; thirdly, to
instruct in their religion English youths who might come for
their education to the college. The missionary work in England
was an after-thought. It seemed hopeless to train priests for
the English missioa while the power was in the hands of heretics.
But man proposes, and God disposes. Allen's plans, set forth
with that persuasive eloquence of which he was a master, made
a deep impression on Dr. Vendeville, who thenceforward left
nothing undone to procure their realization. The newly
founded university in which Dr. Vendeville was professor seemed
in every way a suitable place for the establishment of a college

OF THE EXGLISII CATHOLICS.

17

or house of studies. It was situated at Douay, an ancient and
fortified town in the province of Artois, and in the midst of a
people which throughout the religious troubles of the Nether-
lands never wavered in their firm attachment to the Catholic
faith. Allen, therefore, proceeded to Douay, and forthwith
began to put into execution the plan which he had formed for
the establishment of a college or house of studies in the uni-
versity. On Michaelmas-day, 1568, with the approbation of
Dr. l\latthew Galen, Chancellor of the University, he took
possession of a large house which he had hired near the
theological schools, and began to live there in collegiate form
with a few students, English and Belgian, whom he had invited
to join him in his undertaking. The new foundation had no
revenues except the alms which Dr. Vendeville obtained for it
from the abbots of St. Vaast, of Arras, Anchin and l\1archiennes,
and the charitable contributions of some other benefactors.
The names of those who began the work with Allen on
Michaelmas-day, 1568, are worthy of record. The first was
Richard Bristow, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, who was the
first of the students ordained priest, and who was prefect of
studies from that time until his death. The next was John
lVlarshall, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and Bachelor of Canon
and Civil Law in that university. The third was Edward Risden,
M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford; the fourth, John White,
afterwards D.D.; and the other two were Belgians, who did
not remain long on account of the poverty of the living.
Others soon joined them, mostly Oxford men, and it must not
be forgotten that l\10rgan Philipps, Allen's old tutor at Oxford,
came to reside in the college from its commencement, and
besides contributing to its support while he lived, left it his
whole property at his death.
The cares attendant on the establishment and direction of
the college did not hinder Allen from prosecuting his theological
studies. He proceeded B.D. in 1570, and in the following year
was created D.D. In the former year he was appointed Regius
Professor of Divinity in the university of Douay, with a stipend
of 200 gold crowns. The numbers of the college increased
so rapidly as its fame spread abroad, that Allen was at length
obliged to have recourse to Gregory XIII. for help to support
so great an undertaking; and accordingly, in April, 1575, the
Pope granted to the seminary a monthly pension of 100 gold
VOL. I. C

18

BIBLIOORAPHICAL DICTIONARY

crowns. In the following December, Allen set out on his
second journey to Rome, after having entrusted the students
to the care of Dr. Bristow during his absence. He had been
summoned thither by Gregory XIII. to give his advice on the
subject of a seminary for the English which the Pope proposed
to found in Rome.
The outlines of the plan were agreed upon during Allen's
stay in Rome, and it was settled in conjunction with Dr. Owen
Lewis that the students for the new foundation should be sent
from Douay as soon as the college was ready to receive them.
About this time the Pope conferred upon Allen a canonry in
the rich church of Our Lady at Cambray, one day's journey from
Douay. Allen returned to Douay in July, I 576, after an absence
of eight months, and four months later the number of students
in the college was 120. The revolutionary spirit which had
been agitating the Low Countries for several years past, and
the popular excitement against the English living in Douay,
stirred up by secret agents of Queen Elizabeth and the Prince
of Orange, brought about the expulsion of the English from
Douay, and the removal of the college to Rheims. A rumour
had been spread, emanating from various reliable sources in
England, that assassins had been sent over to Douay to make
away with some of the principal members of the seminary,
which received such apparent confirmation from the appearance
in the neighbourhood of certain Englishmen of sinister aspect,
well mounted, and to all appearance the kind of men suited
for the execution of such a crime, that it was considered unsafe
for Allen to remain at Douay; and his friends obliged him to
go away, which he did for a while, taking the opportunity to
prepare for the removal of the college to Rheims. In March,
I 578, the English were expelled from Douay, and the college
was transferred to Rheims.
Some internal dissensions breaking out at the English
College, Rome, Dr. Allen was again summoned to Rome in order
to pacify the two parties, and accordingly set Out from Rheims
on Aug. 27, 1579. At Rome he was received with great
honour and kindness by his Holiness. Having accomplished
his object, he returned to Rheims in the following spring. In
July, 1585, he was attacked by a strangury, caused probably
by calculus, and in seven days was reduced to such a state that
his life was despaired o( As a last chance he was advised to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

19

try the waters of Spa, which were supposed to be good for his
complaint. He set out thither on Aug. 3, and in a few weeks'
time was restored to his former health.
He was destined, however, never to return to his college at
Rheims, for he was summoned by the Pope to Rome, with the
intention, as it ultimately proved, to promote him, and he
arrived there on Nov. 4, of the same year.
He remained in Rome much longer than was expected, and
on Aug. 7, 1587, was created by Sixtus V. a Cardinal Priest
with the title of St. IVlartinus in l\10ntibus. He spent the
remainder of his life in Rome, where he was often called upon
by the Pope, and his opinion very much valued in all matters
regarding learning and discipline. In 1589, Philip II.
nominated Allen to the archbishopric of IVlalines, though he
did not take possession of the See, and various other benefices
were conferred upon him in order to support his dignity.
The zeal for God's glory and his neighbour's good, which
had been till then the moving spirit of Allen's life, shone forth
in him no less conspicuously after his elevation to the
cardinalate. He was never absent from the consistory, to
which in those days the cardinals were summoned every week
by the Sovereign Pontiff to consult with him on the govern-
ment of the Church, nor was he among those who arrived the
last. In giving his opinion he always spoke with such modera-
tion that he offended no one, and yet with such freedom that
his conscience never reproached him afterwards. He was also
very diligent in his attendance at the two particular congrega.
tions of which he had been appointed a member-those, namely,
of the Index and the affairs of Germany. At the death of
Cardinal Antonio Carafa, Gregory XIV. made him Apostolic
Librarian. The same Pontiff charged him, in conjunction with
Cardinal Marc' Antonio Colonna and several consultors, to
revise the edition of the Vulgate which Sixtus V. had pub-
lished just before his death.
Allen also undertook, with the co-operation of others, to
correct the text of St. Augustin's works, but death prevented
him from completing so vast an undertaking. Moreover, he
took part in the election of four successive Popes- Urban
VII., Gregory XIV., Innocent IX., and Clement VIII. The
occasional return of the same illness, which had brought Allen
to death's door in I 585, warned him some time before he died
C 2

o

mULIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

that his end was drawing near. He often spoke of it to his
intimate friends, and it was evident that he looked forward with
joy to his speedy departure from this world to his true
country. His death took place, at his palace at Rome, in
the morning after sunrise on the sixteenth day of his illness p
Oct. 16, 1594.
His body rested, as was fitting, in the midst of the students
whom he loved, in the church of the Most Holy Trinity
attached to the English College at Rome.
He is described, by Pitts, as somewhat above the ordinary
stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait, affable on
all occasions; and, for the gifts of his mind, pious, learned p
prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble, modest,
meek, patient, peaceable; in a word, beautiful and adorned with
all kinds of virtues.
DOlla)' Diaries; Dodd, Ch. His!.,. Pitts, De Allgliæ Scrip-
!oribus.

I. Certain Brief Reasons concerning the Catholick Faith.
Douay, 1564.
\Vritten while he ,,,as living in the Duke of Norfolk's family, and after-
wards enlarged and published at Douay.
2. A Defense and Declaration of the Catholike Churches
Doctrine touching Purgatory and Prayers for the Soules
Departed. By William Allen, Maister of Arte and Student in
Divinitie. Antverpiæ, 1565. 8vo.
The preface is dated at Antwerp, May 2, 1565. The substance of
this work he had composed three ycars before, while studying theology
at Louvain. This book attracted so much notice, that in a writ issued by
the Queen, Feb. 21, ] 567, to the High Sheriff of Lancashire, for the
apprehension of "certain persons ,,,ho, having been late ministers in the
Church, were justly deprived of their offices of ministry for their contempt
and obstinacy," Allen heads the list under the designation of " Alen, who.
wrote the late booke of Purgatory."
3. A Treatise made in Defense of the Lawful Power and
Authoritie of Preesthode to remitte sinnes: Of the People's
duetie for confessienn of their sinnes to Godes ministers: And
of the Churches meaninge concerning Indulgences, commonlie
called the Pope's pardons. By William Allen, Mr. of Arte
and Student in Divinitie; Lovanie, apud J oannem F oulerum, A.D.
1567. Sm. 4to. Title, I leaf; to the reader, I leaf; errata, &c., 1 leaf.
Preface, 6 leaves, pp. 412, contents,4 leaves.
This was written while he was in England, between 1562-65, and elicited
from \Villiam Fulke, D.D., "A confutation of a treatise made by \YiIIiam
Allen J in Defence of the usurped Powcr of Popish Priesthood." Carnb.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

:?I

16mo.; and also, "Two treatises written against the Papistes, the one
being an answere of the Christian Protestant to the proud challenge of a
Popish Catholicke." 1 577. 8vo.
4. Opus Aureum De Sacramentis in genere, Libri III.: I.
De Sacramento Eucharistiæ. III. De Sacrificio Eucharistiæ
ex vivæ vocis diligenti et accurata tractatione (apud Thom.
Stapletono). Antverpiæ, 15i6, 4to.; Duaci, 1603, 4to.
A work highly esteemed and made use of by Bellannin.
5. An Apologie and true Declaration of the institution and
endeavours of the two English Colleges; the one in Rome,
the other now resident in Rhemes, against certaine sinister
informations given up against the same. Mounts in Henault.
15 8 1. 8vo. 122 leaves; running title, "An Apology for the English Semi-
naries." Bolton, in his Hypercritica, says it is a "princely, grave, and
flourishing piece of natural and exquisite English."
6. Piissima Admonitio, et consolatio vere Pia ad Afllictos
Catholicos in Anglia. A Latin rendering of the 7th chapter of the
preceding Apology, "An admonition and comfort to the afflicted Catholics."
The two latter works were published together under the following title :-
7. Duo Edicta Elizabethæ Reginæ Ang1iæ contra Sacerdotes
Soc. Jesu, et alumnos seminariorum, quæ a quibus non solum
illi ut perduelles proscribuntur, sed Angli omnes, qui in iisdem
Collegüs vivunt revocantur; una cum Apologia doctissimi viri
D. Gul. Alani pro iisdem sacerdotibus S.J., et aliis seminariorum
alumnis; in qua explicantur causæ institutionis prædictorum
seminariorum, et cur sacerdotes Catholici in Angliam mittantur.
Additur ejusdem Gul. Alani piisima Admonitio et Consolatio vere
Christiana ad afllictos Catholicos Angliæ. Aug. Trevir, 1583. Sm. Svo.
8. Apologia Martyrum, qua ipsorum innocentia variis ratio..
nibus demonstratur; eosque solius religionis Catholicre causâ,
quam susceperant propagandam et propagnandam, crudissime
enecatos fuisse. 1583.
This was printed in the" Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ," compiled by
Fr. John Gibbons and John Fenn, generally called" Bridgewater"s Con-
certatio." Treves, Hatot, 1583. 4to.
This and other attacks on the administration of justice in England induced
Burleigh to draw up, from Norton's notes, "A Declaration of the favourable
dealing of Her Majesty's Commissioners appointed for the examination of cer-
tain traitors, and of tortures unjustly reported to he done upon them for matters
of religion." 4to. Four leaves. 1583; reprinted in Somers' Tracts, i. 20 9.
9. Martyrium R. P. Edmundi Campiani Presbyteri e Societate
nominis Jesu. Printed in Bridgewater's "Concertatio Eccles. Catho!.
in Anglia." 1 583-1 594. Translated into Spanish, Italian, &c.
10. A True, Sincere, a!ld modest Defence of English Catho.
liques that suffer for their faith both at home and abrode,
against a false, seditious, and slanderous libel, intitled The
Execution of Justice in England. Ingolst. 1584. 8vo.; pp. 218,
besides preface, contents, and errata; running title, An Answer to the
Libel of English Justice.

22

BIBLIOGRAPI-IICAL DICTIOKARY

This was in answer to \V. Cecil Lord Burleigh's" Execution of Justice in
England, not for Religion, but for Treason." Dec. 17, 1583.
Strype (Ann. I I., ii. 305) says that to this J. Stubbs, the same who had his
right hand cut off for writing against the Queen's marriage ,\lith Anjou,
wrote an answer, entitled "Vindication of the English Justice," 1 587.
Burleigh had his tract translated into Latin, and published in London and
Germany: "De Justitia Britannica, quæ conservandæ pacis publicæ causå
in Papicolas exercebatur tempore Elizabethæ." Lond. 1584, 12mo.;
I ngolstad, 1584, 12mo.
Allen also translated his reply \vith the title-De Justitia Britannica
sive Anglica, quæ contra Christi Martyres continenter exercitur.
Ingolstadii, ex Officina Typographica Davidis Sartorii, 1584, 12mo; and
Ad persecutores Anglos pro Catholicis domi focisque persecu.
tionem sufferentibus, contra fulsum libellum inscriptum Jus.
titia Britannia, vera responsio. 8vo, s.1. aut an., which was also
printed in Bridgewater's "Concertatio Eccles. Cathol.," Aug. Trevir, 1589
and 1594-. Simpson, in his" Life of Campion," alludes to a copy, Brussels
::\ISS., No. 15,594, Justitiæ Britannicæ, de sacerdotibus morta
plectendis, confutatio, 1583.
Allen's reply was attacked by Dr. Thos. Bilson, "Of the true difference
between Christian Subjection and unchristian Rebellion; wherein the Prince's
lawful power to command and bear the sword are (sic) defended against
the Pope's censure and Jesuits' sophisms in their apology and defence
of English Catholics; also a demonstration that the things reformed
in the Church of England by the laws of this realm are truly Catholic;
against the late Rhemish Testament." Oxford, 1585, 4to; Lond. 1586,
large 8vo.
It is noted by Paquot, that this book was used by the Puritans to justify
their execution of Charles I.
II. The Copie of a Letter written by M. Doctor Allen, con-
cerning the Yeelding up of the Citie of Daventrie, unto his
Catholike Majestie, by Sir William Stanley, Knight; wherein
is shewed both how lawflù, honorable, and necessarie that
action was; and also that al others, especiallie those of the
English Nation, that detayne anie townes, or other places in
the lowe countries from the King Catholike, are bound, upon
paine of damnation, to do the like. Before which is also
prefixed a gentleman's letter, that gave occasion of this dis.
course. Antuarpe, Joachim Trognæsius, 1587. 8vo.
The letter is dated Rome, April 23, 1587. The gentleman's letter is signed
R. A., i.e., Roger Ashton.
It was translated into French-Justification pour Ie Catholique,
Noble, Chevalier Anglois, Ie Sieur Guillaume Stanlay, et autres
honorables Capitaines, et Gentils-hommes Anglois de son regi-
ment, sur la rendition de la ville de Deventer, et autres lieux,
à l'obeysance de sa Majesté Catholique, qui ont esté detenuz
par la Reyne d' Angleterre, pour support des Hérétiques de
Hollande, et Zélande. Paris, 1588. 8vo.
A Latin edition was printed at Cracow, 1588, 8vo. The English edition

OF THE EXGLISII CATHOLICS.

23

has been reprinted, with a learned introduction and copious notes, by
Thomas Heywood, Esq., F.S.A., vol. xxv., Chetham Society, 1851. 4to.
Fr. Persons was charged by the appellant clergy with having a hand in
this letter, and he does not deny the charge in his reply: "A manifestation
of the great folly and bad spirit of certayne in England, calling themselves
secular priests," s.l, 1602.
It elicited" A briefe Discoverie of Doctor Allen's Seditious Drifts, contrived
in a Pamphlet w
itten by him concerning the yeelding up of the town of
Deventer unto the King of Spain, by Sir \V. Stanley, etc." By G. D. Lond.
15 88 . -4to.
12. An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England
and Ireland, concerning the present Warres made for the
Execution of his Holines Sentence, by the highe and mightie
Kinge Catholicke of Spaine, by the Cardinal of Englande, 1588.
8vo.; pp. 60, inclusive of title.
This work was printed at Antwerp, ,vith the intention to be distributed in
England at the moment of the Spanish invasion; but the invasion not taking
place, care ,vas taken to burn almost all the copies. Hence the book is
extremely scarce. After a short preface, it undertakes to show (1) of whom
and in what manner Elizabeth is descended; (2) How intruded into the
royal dignity; (3) How she has behaved at home and abroad; (4) By
what laws of God and man her punishment is pursued; (5) Hmv just,
honest, and necessary causes all true Englishmen have to embrace and set
forward the same.
Lingard (Hist. of Eng., 1849, vol. vi. p. 706) in a lengthy note on this
work, says that" The author of this most offensive publication seems to have
studied the works, and to have acquired the style, of the exiles who, formerly,
at Geneva, published libels against Queen Mary, the predecessor of Eliza-
beth. \Vho that author was, soon became a subject of discussion. The
lan
uage and the manner are certainly not like those of Allen in his acknow.
ledged works; and the appellant priests boldly asserted that the book was
'penned' altogether by the advice of F. Persons. Persons himself, in his
answer, though he twice notices the charge, seems, by his evasions, to
acknowledge its truth (Manifestation, 35, 47). But whoever was the real
author, the cardinal, by subscribing his name, adopted the tract for his own,
and thus became answerable for its contents."
The substance of "the Admonition" was compressed into a smaller com-
pass, under the title of A declaration o()f the sentence and deposition
of Elizabeth
the usurper and pretended Queene of England,
and was printed separately for distribution on a broadside in 81 lines. But
the copies of this were also destroyed on the failure of the armada; one
copy, perhaps the only one now in existence, was formerly in the possession
of the ìate
Ir. H. G. Bohn, the publisher.
It was again reprinted, apparently by one of the appellant clergy, under
the following title-
13. The Declaration of Sixtus Quintus his Bull; a new chal-
lenge made to N. D. Lond. 160::>, pp. 107.
14. De Sanctis et Imaginibus.
15. De Prædestinatione.

24

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

16. Resolution of Cases, for the use of Missions, by Cardinal
Allen and Robert Parsons. MS.
17. Instructions to Dr. John Vendeville, Bishop of Tournay,
concerning the Government of Seminaries. MS.
18. He was also conc
rned in the Rheims edition of the Testament, 1582,
and with Dr. Bristow wrote the principal commentaries; also Old Testament,
1609, etc. 4to.
19. Nicolai Fitzherberti De antiquitate, et continuatione,
Catholicæ Religionis in Anglia, et De Alani Cardinalis vita,
libellus. Rome, 1608.
The Cardinal's life is reprinted in his" Letters and Memorials," 1882.
20. The Letters and Memorials of William, Cardinal Allen
(1532-1594). Edited by Fathers of the Congregation of the
London Oratory. With an Historical Introduction by Thomas
Francis Knox, D.D., Priest of the same Congregation. Lond.
4to. 1882; being yol. ii. "Records of the English Catholics under the
Penal Laws," pp. cxxii. and 480.
21. Portrait in the" Acad. des Sciences," 1682; engr. by E. de Boulo-
noise 4to.
Another, taken from the original painting, formerly in the possession of
Charles Brown Mostyn, Esq., and now at U shaw College, was published in
Baines' " Hist. of Lane.," 4to., and has been several times reproduced.
A poor engraving from the same picture was published in the Laity's
Directory, 1807, with a memoir.
An original portrait, taken at a later period to the preceding one, is in the
English College, Rome. Granger, Biog. Hist., records a small engraving
of a bust taken from the Oxford Almanack for 1746, where it is placed
under the head of Edw. II. It is probably authentic, as it is engraved by
Vertue.

Allibone, Sir Richard, judge, belonged to an ancient
family, originally seated at \Vardenton, near Banbury, Oxford.
shire. His grandfather, Peter Allibone, an eminent Protestant
divine, was born at Wardenton, and was Rector of Cheyneys,
co. Bucks, where he died March 6, 1629. He left three sons.
John, D.D., an ingenious writer and a good Latin poet, had a
benefice in Gloucestershire, and died in 1658; Peter, the
second son, was Proctor in the University, Oxford, in 1640 ; and
the third son, Job, became a Catholic, and in consequence was
disinherited, but afterwards obtained an important place ill the
Post-office, which afforded him a comfortable subsistence, and
enabled him to provide his children with a liberal education.
Job Allibone died in 1672, and was buried at Dagenham in
Essex. He was the father of Richard, who was entered a
student at Douay College, l\1arch 24, 1652, a 6 ed 16. After his
academical education he returned to England and commenced

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

25

his legal course at Gray's Inn, April 27, 1663. Though called
to the Bar, Feb. 1 I, 1670, no mention is made of him till Nov.
1686 (which his religion will account for), when his proficiency
and learning induced J ames II. to select him to be one of his
counsel. On April 28, 1687, he was appointed a judge of the
King's Bench, and about the same time received the honour of
knighthood.
In the summer of that year he went to tne Northern Circuit,
and Bishop Cartwright relates that at Lancaster, while his
colleague, Judge Powell, attended at the parish church, Allibone
courageously went to the school-house, and had mass said. In
his charge to the grand jury he took notice that only three of
the gentry came out to meet the judges, and called it a great
disrespect of the king's commission-a fact strongly indicative
of the intolerance of Protestants. Sir Richard was one of the
judges at the trial of the seven bishops in Trinity Term, 1688.
His death shortly afterwards, Aug. 22, 1688, at his house in
Brownlow Street, probably saved him from attainder at the
Revolution.
He was buried at Dagenham, where a handsome monument
was erected to his memory. His wife, Barbara Blakiston, of
the family of Sir Francis Blakiston, of Gibside, co. Durham,
Bart., survived him. He had a brother, Job Allibone, who be-
came a student in the English College, Douay, Dec. 30, 165 2

aged 14, where he took the name of John Ford, afterwards
received Orders, and lived several years a missioner in England,
dying soon after, 1709.
Foss, Jltdges of Ellglalld / Dodd, Ck. His!., vol. iii. p. 458.

Allison, William, priest, one of the victims of the ini-
quitous plots of 1679-80, died a prisoner in York Castle
about this time.

Chattoller's Memoirs.

Allot, William, divine, received his education at the
University of Cambridge, but in what college is not recorded,
and it does not appear that he graduated. V\,Then Queen
Elizabeth came to the throne he went over to Louvain, where
he pursued his theological studies for some years, and was
ordained priest. After a short residence in Cologne, he

26

BIBLIOGR_\l'HICAL lJICTIOXARY

returned to England. He was much esteemed by Mary Queen
of Scots, whom he frequently visited in her confinement.
After some years spent on the mission, he was imprisoned,
and banished with several other priests. The Queen of Scots,
in return for his services, sent him a letter of recommendation
to France, and at her request he was made a canon of St.
Quinton, in Picardy. The fatigues of the mission, and too great
application to study, having impaired his health, his physicians
advised him to take a journey to Spa, where he died of the
dropsy about 1590.
During his abode in the Low Countries, he became ac-
quainted with Lord Morley, and his brother Charles Parker,
bishop-elect, who had retired to the Continent on the death of
Queen IVlary.
They were particular benefactors to 1\1r. Allot during his
studies, as they were to many others similarly
ngaged.
Dodd, Ch. His!. J. Cooþer, A tho Cmztab.

I. Thesaurus bibliorum, omnium utriusque vitæ antidotum,
secundum utriusque Instrumenti veritatem et historiam suc-
cinctæ complectens. Ant\\lerp, 1577, 8vo.; Lugd., 1580, 8vo. ; Antverpiæ,
1581, 8vo.; Lugd. 1585, 8vo. pp. 996; Coloniæ, 1612.
Ded. to Lord Morley.
2. Index Rerum Memorabilium in Epistolis et Evangiliis per
anni Curriculum.
Printed with the preceding work.

Almond, John, priest, of the Order of Cistercians, who is
described by Fr. Grene, in his 1\1S. (Records S.]., vol. iii.
p. 247) as of Cheshire, was tried for being a priest, at York
Castle, and from thence was imprisoned in Hull Castle, removed
to the Block-house there, and again brought back to Hull Castle,
where, though blind and afflicted with the infirmities of extreme
age, he was treated with the greatest cruelty, until death re-
lieved him from his troubles, April 18, 1585. He was buried
at Drypole. .
.lV/orris, Troubles, Tlzird Series.

Almond, John, priest and martyr, was born in Speke,
near Liverpool, and made his early studies at a school at Much
\V oolton.

OF TIlE EKGLISII CATHOLICS.

27

Bro. Foley thinks he was not the Almond at Douay referred
to by Dr. Challoner in his" Memoirs," but was admitted into the
English College, Rome, in I 597, aged 20, where he was
ordained in the foliowing year.
In 160 I he publicly sustained theses of universal divinity witb
great applause, and, in Sept. of the following year, left Rome
for England, and seems to have laboured in London, or the
district, under the name of Francis Molineux or Lathom.
He was apprehended on March 22,1611-12, and brought
before Dr. John King, lately ad\7anced to the bishopric of
London, who is supposed to have been the principal promoter
of l\Ir. Almond's death, but is said to have ever after deeply
regretted it; indeed, it is confidently asserted by contemporary
Catholic writers that he himself became a member of the Church
he had so cruelly persecuted. In the preface of a book published
in Dr. King's name, entitled" The Bishop of London's Legacy,"
allusion is made to the part he took in the death of Fr. Almond,
in terms which certainly would imply that the bishop had re-
ceived a grace seldom granted to persecutors and had changed
his religious opinions.
Fr. Almond suffered a t Tyburn, Dec. 5, 161 2, aged 35,
according to the "Roman Diary," but ten years older according
to Dr. Challoner.
His family at Speke suffered frequent fines for their re-
cusancy.
Challo1ler, Jlfellloirs; Folc)', Records SJ.; Gillow, Lancashire
Recltsa1lts, 1/1 S S.

I. He wrote an account of his examination before Dr. King, which is
quoted by Dr. Challoner.

Almond, Oliver, priest, a native of the diocese of Oxford,
was admitted into the English College, Rome, in April, 1582,
at the age of 2 I. He received Holy Orders in Aug. 1587,
and was sent to the new college founded by Fr. Parsons at
Valladolid, in Spain, in order to cross over from thence into
England. In a report by Robert vVeston, a Government spy
(Dom. Eliz., vol. 238, n. Ó2, April 20, 1591, P.R.O.), there
is the following interesting reference to him :-" Item, Olivar
Almon is a prest, and did leye at IVlr. vVynchcombe in Bark-
shere, near Newberry, the name is Henwicke. Yf hee be not

28

BIBLIOGRAFIIICAL DICTIONARY

in the hoose, there is a grat (tree) wherein hee is hyden; hee
is a letle man," &c. A previous part of the same report says
-" As you go forth of Mr. Wynchcombe's house towards
Newberry, in the first close withoute the gate, upon the lefte
hand in the heg.row, there is a grat oake that is hollow, and
be knocking upon it you shall fynd it to sounde."
In a list of Jesuits, Seminarists, and Priests sent to Lord
Burleigh (Dom. Eliz., vol. 32, n. 64, P.R.O.), dated Jan. 20,
1593, Mr. Oliver Almonde is referred to as being in the south
parts.
Bro. Foley thinks it probable that he was brother to the
martyr John Almond, but the latter belonged to a yeomanry
family settled at Speke, in Lancashire, in which Oliver was not a
family name. The Diary of the English College, Rome, states
that he belonged to the diocese of Oxford. The date of his
death is not recorded. He was probably the author of the
under-mentioned work.
Folc)', Roman Diary, Rccords SJ.

I. The Uncasing of Heresie, or the Anatomie of Protestancie.
Written and Composed by o. A. (Louvain ?) 1623. 8vo.

Alnherst, Francis Kerril, D.D., Bishop of Northampton,
was born in London, March 2 I, I 8 19, and was the eldest son of
William Kerril Amherst, of Parndon, co. Essex, Esq., by lVlary
Louisa, daughter of Fris. Fortescue Turville, of Bosworth Hall,
co. Leicester, Esq. He was sent to Oscott College in 1830,
where he remained eight years, and then left, with no intention
of embracing the ecclesiastical state. He returned to Oscott
in 184 I, and was ordained priest June 6, 1846, by Cardinal
(thcn Bishop) \Viseman. Shortly afterwards he joined the
Third Order of St. Dominic, but again returned to Oscott, as
Professor, in 1855. After staying eleven months, he was
appointed to the mission of Stafford, whence he was raised to
the See of Northampton, on the resignation of Bishop \Vareing,
and was consecrated July 4, 1858. He was appointed Assistant
at the Pontifical Throne, June 8, 1862.
He resigned his See in 1879, owing to ill-health, and W<lS
translated to Sozusa, 1880, and died Aug. 21, 1883, at his
residence, Fieldgate, Kenilworth, co. \Varwick.
Brady, Episcop. SuccessioJl.

OF THE EXGLISH CATHOLICS.

29

I. Norton Broadland, a Story.
2. Lenten Thoughts, drawn from the Gospel for each day of
Lent. Lond. 1873, 12ffiO. ; which went through several editions, the fourth
thousand, Lond. 1880, 8vo., pp. 191.
3. Some Sonnets, printed for private circulation.
4. Pastorals, issued annually.

Anderson, Lionel Albert, O.P., alias Munson, was
the son of a Lincolnshire gentleman of good estate, and was
born about 1620. He was educated a Protestant, but becom-
ing a convert, went over to Paris and received the Dominican
habit in the spring of 1658. He was professed at Bornhem,
June 5, of the following year, and having been ordained priest
returned to England about 1665. He resided for the most
part in London, under the assumed name of Munson, and
was much esteemed at Court, being personally known by
Charles II.
vVhen Oates broached his Popish plot, he accused Fr.
Anderson of being a Dominican conspirator. He was appre-
hended and imprisoned in the King's Bench. He was indicted
for being a priest contrary to the statute, and was tried and
condemned to death at the Old Bailey, Jan. 17, 1679-80, by
Scroggs, the notorious judge. The king, however, granted
him a pardon, and after a year's imprisonment in Newgate he
was exiled for life.
He then set out on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and
after his return came over to England, and received a free
pardon from James II., April 6, 1686.
At the Revolution in 1688, he fled with his royal master to
the Continent, where he remaincd for some years. Some time
before 1698 he again ventured into England, and took up his
residence in London, where he died, Oct. 2 I, 1710, 2.t the
patriarchal age of 9 I, and religious profession 52. He was
buried in the churchyard of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
Dodd. Ck. Hist.; Oliver, Collections,. Palmer, Obituary
J.Votices, D.P.
I. A Treatise on the Temporal Power of the Pope.
2. A Treatise in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance.
Dodd says that this work gave offence to his own brethren.

Anderson, William, priest, martyr; ",.ide Richardson.

30

BIBLIOGRAPHIC\.L DICTIONARY

Anderton, Christopher, Esq., of Lostock and Ander-
ton, co. Lancaster, was born in 1607, and "vas educated at
Douay College, which he left with his tutor, John Roscowe,
in 1623.
On the breaking out of the Civil contest, he was one of the
Catholic gentlemen of Lancashire who petitioned King Charles
to be allowed to take up arms in the royal service, and it seems
pretty certain that he was the daring cavalier who headed the
gallant but fruitless attack on Bolton in 1643. Like many of
his comrades in this disastrous war, Capt. Anderton came to
an untimely death a few years after this exploit. He was
employed by the Earl of Derby to defend Greenhalgh Castle,
near Garstang; and after a stout resistance, during the whole
of the winter of I 645, he was slain with Capt. John Hothersall,
another Catholic gentleman.
He was twice married; first to Agnes, daughter of John
Preston, of the Manor, Furness, and his wife Elizabeth Holland,
of Denton, co. Lancaster; and secondly, to Alathea, daughter
of Sir Francis Smythe, of \Vooten \Vawen, co. Warwick
By the former he had an only daughter, and by the latter a
large family, of whom Francis was created a baronet in 16 77,
and married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir Charles
Somerset, K.B., second son of Edward Earl of \Vorcester. The
family is now represented by the Stonors of Anderton Hall, and
the Tempests of Broughton.
Gibson, Lydiatc Hall; CastlcmaÙI, Catn. Apology.

Anderton, Dorothy, was the fifth daughter of Christopher
Anderton, Esq., of Lostock IIalJ, Lancashire, by his second
wife, Alathea, daughter of Sir Francis Smythe, of \Vooten
\Vawen, co. Warwick, Knt., and sister to the first Lord Car-
rington.
Her father, when a young man, fell away from the Church
for a while, over a lawsuit, but soon returned to the faith. He
was convicted and fined for recusancy in 1638, and was killed
at the siege of Greenhalgh Castle in 16 45. Both he and his
wife suffered very much for their conscience in the time of the
Parliament, having their goods plundered and their lands
sequestrated, insomuch that Mrs. Anderton, who resided at
Clitherow, after her husband's death, had scarcely enough to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 1

maintain herself and her children, of whom she had fourteen.
Besides this, she had a far greater cross when three of her
children, one son and two daughters, were taken from her, in
order to make them Protestants, and taken to a place where
they were most cruelly used, although more was taken from
their parents' estate than was left to maintain all the rest.
They were kept bare-legged in sackcloth, and their food was
flour and water sodden together; if sometimes a bone was cast
them from their keeper's table, it had scarce any meat upon it.
Besides this, they were beaten with whips, with crooked pins in
them; and once Alathea, who was afterwards professed a nun
at Louvain, was hit in the eyes, and rendered almost blind.
The younger sister, Dorothy, was daily made to fetch water in
a sort of pail for the family's use (the weight being far too
heavy for one of her tender age), so that with such hard usage
she contracted the disease of which she died in 1653. Their
mother eventually succeeded in obtaining their removal, after
suffering this hard life above two years, and got them placed
with some of their Protestant tenants, and three years later found
means to get them home. Lord Carrington then sent them to
Louvain, where Alathea took the habit and the religious name
of Magdalen in 1656; and Dorothy died of the disease con.
tracted during her detention, as related above.
Mrs. Alathea Anderton and two of her sons, Christopher and
Stephen, were still living at Clitheroe in 1667, when their
names appear in the Recusant Rolls, with heavy fines attached,
as in previous years.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii.; Gillow, Lancashire ReCltSallts,
i11SS.

Anderton, James, Esq., of Lostock Hall, Lancashire,
born in 1557, was the eldest son and heir of Christopher
Anderton, Esq., of Lostock, by Dorothy, daughter of Peter
Anderton, of Anderton, Esq., and succeeded his father to
extensive estates in many townships in Lancashire. He mar-
ried, in 1582, Margaret, daughter of Edward Tyldesley, of
Tyldesley and Morleys, Esq., but had no issue. He followed
his father's profession of the law, and succeeded him, some time
before his death in 1592, to the office of Prothonotary of the
Duchy Court at Lancaster, for in I 590 he is described as
,holding that office in the ., vewe of the State of the Countie

"'"
.)

B1ELIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

Palatine of Lancaster, bothe for religion and civill government'

(Dom. Eliz., vol. 255, NO.4, p.R.a.)) and is characterised
as "bacwarde in religion, his wife a Recusant only lately con-
formed, and so his mother also." He was also, with his kins-
man, James Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., farmer "to her
J\lajestie of the goods of outla,,"es," &c., and they were both,
with others, receivers of the duchy for sundry ports.
In the eulogium of Fr. Henry Hollanà, S.]., forwarded to the
General in Rome by the Rector of Liège College, Fr. John
Clark, it is asserted that this father, who first came on the
mission in England in 1605, reconciled and heard the first
confession of J ames Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., "a most
learned man, who wrote a valuable work, entitled 'The Pro-
testant's Apologie.' " This erroneous assertion has been very
generally accepted, though one or two have questioned it.
John Brereley, priest, was undoubtedly a pseudonym of James
Anderton)s nephew) Fr. Lawrence Anåerton, S.].) and the cele-
brated works, hitherto so confidently ascribed to the uncle, must
in future add to the renown of the learned Society of Jesus.
This will be clearly seen by reference to Fr. Lawrence's
biography, the object of the present notice being to explain the
origin of the error, and show that the life of J ames Anderton
was inconsistent with the character of " John Brereley, priest."
Dodd (i.e., Hugh Tootell), whose family were lords of the
manor of Lower Healey and resided at the Hall, situated
within easy distance of Lostock, was well acquainted with the
Andertons, and accepted the erroneous tradition of the family
as confirmation of Fr. Holland's assertion.
The MSS. were in his time still preserved in the Anderton
family, and also a collection of Protestant books with marginal
annotations in the handwriting of the author of "Protestant's
Apologie," with the passages scored with the pen in the order
he had occasion to transcribe them for insertion in his
works.
Gee, in his "Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624,
positively affirms that all Brereley's works were printed in a
private press in Lancashire which was suppressed some few
years before the date of his writing. After James Anderton's
reconciliation to the Church it is possible he may have tried to
make some reparation for his past life in supporting, or at least
sheltering, the secret press with which his brother Roger was

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

33

undoubtedly connected. The latter set it up again after its
seizure in 1613, full particulars of which will be found in his
biography. Dodd does not state in which of the Anderton
residences he saw the manuscripts. They no doubt remained
in the possession of the family with whom Fr. Lawrence
Anderton resided either on his first, second, or third visit.
It must also be noted that all Brereley's works, after the first
edition of the Apology in 1604, bear the impress "Permissu
Superiorum," which James Anderton most certainly would not
have used.
Christopher Anderton, the father of J ames Anderton, sailed
with the times, and never appears as a recusant, but, on the
contrary, sat as one of the magistrates at the sessions where
priests and laymen were convicted of that" crime," and punished
according to the statutes.
It seems probable, therefore, that his son was brought up in
the same manner, though secretly sympathizing with his
mother's faith, as is evident from the following memorandum
sent to the Privy Council by Dingley, the apostate priest and
informer, in Nov. 1592 :-" Mrs. Anderton of Lostocke ys
Latelie a widdowe of greate weith; she hearde my Masse and
Sermon at Lostocke, and sent me money to her sonne James.
She ys put amongst the other widdowes. J ames Anderton of
Lostocke, her sonne, did at the same tyme heare my Masse
there and received me; he ys of greate Lyvinge and I knowe
not whether he be put amongest the rest." (Dom. Eliz.,
vol. 243, No. 70, p.R.a.)
His name never appears in the lists of convicted recusants,
so that Mr. Gibson's remarks (" Lydiate Hall and its Associa.
tions," p. 60) may not be so far from the truth in assuming
that, like Sir John Ratcliff, he was one who might be fitly
described as a "daungerous temporiser," no uncommon character
at that period. In I 6 I 3 his name is found attached as a
justice of peace to an address issued at Wigan that year for the
" disarming of recusants," and as one duty of the justices was
to procure from the parsons, ministers, and churchwardens the
names of all of the age of sixteen years who were non-com-
municants, such an employment could not, says Mr. Gibson,
have been very congenial to a consistent Catholic. His
inquisition post-mortem was taken in 16 18, and he was suc.
ceeded in his extensive estates by his younger brother,
VOL I. D

34

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Christopher Anderton, whose grandson, Sir Francis Anderton,
of Lostock and Anderton, was created a Baronet in I 677.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; State Papers, P.R.G.; Rev. T. E. Gibsoll,
Lydiate Hall j Oliver, Collectallea SJ.

Anderton, James, a gentleman volunteer during the Civil
War, lost his life in Wales, in the service of the king. He was
either the eldest son of J ames Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., or
the third son of vVilliam Anderton, of Euxton, co. Lan-
caster, Esq.
CastlemaÙz, Apology.

Anderton, Lawrence, Father S.J., alias John Brereley,
priest, was a son of Lawrence (or Thomas) Anderton, younger
son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, co. Lancaster, Esq.,
and his wife Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of
Anderton, Esq., and was born in 1575-6. His mother was
probably a Scroop of Danby Castle, which was the alias
used by his brother \Villiam. There is little foundation for the
statement, and it is improbable, that Lawrence went by the
name of Scroop.
Gee, in his list of Priests and Jesuits in and about London
in 1624, mentions "Fr. Anderton, a Jesuit, a Lancashire
man, yet not the same Anderton who goeth by the name of
Scroope."
Lawrence Anderton received his rudimental education at the
Blackburn Grammar School, and from thence entered Christ
Church College, Cambridge, where he was admired for his
brilliant "genius and ready eloquence, upon which account, says
Anthony Wood, he received the epithet of "silver-mouthed
Anderton,"
He seems to have received Protestant Orders, but, being much
addicted to reading books of controversy, he was unable to re-
concile some difficulties he met with concerning the origin and
doctrines of the Reformation, which speedily ended in his con-
version to the Catholic Church. Where he was ordained has
not been ascertained, but it is pretty clear from the first
Catalogue of the English Province S.J., that he was a priest
before he entered the Society, and it is most probable that
immediately after his conversion he retired to his family in

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

35

Lancashire, where he employed his time in writing ánd printing
his famous work called the" Protestant's Apologie." The first
edition of this work, printed in 1604, no doubt issued from
the Anderton press, which was discovered and seized by the
Government some few years later.
In 1604-5 he proceeded to Rome, and entered the Society
at the age of 2 8, and became one of the most distinguished
.ornaments of the English Province.
After spending several years in teaching in the continental
-colleges, during which time he published a second edition of
his ,. Apologie," the "Liturgy of the Mass," and the" Life of
Luther," he returned to England, to his native county, where
his missionary labours were principally confined. He was
Superior of t!le Lancashire District in 162 I, and probably for
SOllle years before, where he was held in esteem both by
Catholics and Protestants, converting many of the latter to the
Faith. About 1624 he was sent to the mission in London, and
was there when Gee published his U Foot out of the Snare." From
that time until 164 I he remained in London, and then returned
to Lancashire, where he died, April 17, 1643, aged 67.
Dr. Oliver (Collectanea S.].) suspected that he was the
chaplain of the Earl of Essex, whom Fr. John Gerard received
into his house in London; but in this he was in error, as the
chaplain alluded to was evidently the well-known William
Alabaster. (Morris," Life of Fr. Gerard.")
Dodd, Clt. His!.,. Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii., and Collectalzea;
Gibson, Lydiate Hall,. Oliver, Collectallea SJ.

I. The Protestant's Apologie for the Roman Church; I. Con.
cerning the Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church
since the Apostles' times; II. The Marks of the True Church;
III. The loyalty of Catholics; proved by Testimonies of the
learned Protestants themselves. 1604. 4to.
This was apparently printed at the secret press in Lancashire before
Fr. Anderton became a Jesuit.
The design of this work was to prove the Catholic doctrine from the con-
cessions of Protestant authors, whom he quotes with great exactitude; and
Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, alarmed with the popularity with which
it was received, engaged Dr. Thomas Morton, one of the King's chaplains,
to attempt an answer. The direct way was by disproving facts, but unable
to proceed with this, he adopted the plan of recrimination, and entitled his
work "A Catholick Appeal for Protestants," in which he endeavoured to
produce Catholic concessions for Protestant doctrine. But Dr. Morton
D2

3 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

failed in two essential points: Þìrst, he quotes Catholic authors who were
singular in their opinions and disowned by the rest of their communion;
and, secondly, the various disagreements he produces do not concern essen-
tial but indifferent points. These two considerations rendered his reply
insignificant. The book was published in London, 1606, 4to.
Fr. Anderton, having in the meantime joined the Society at Rome, pub-
lished a second edition as follows :-
2. The Protestants Apologie for the Roman Church. Divided
into three severall Tractes. Whereof-The First, concerneth the
Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church and Religion,
ever since the Apostles times. That the Protestants Religion was
not so much as in being, at, or before Luthers first appearing.-
The Second, That the Marks of the true Church are apperteyning
to the Roman, and wholy wanting to the severall Churches, begun
by Luther and Calvin.-The Third, That Catholicks are no less
loyall, and dutifull to their Soveraigne, than Protestants. All
which is undertaken, and proved by testimonies of the learned
Protestants themselves. With A Conclusion to the Reverend
Judges, and others the grave and learned Sages of the law. By
John Brereley, Priest. Deut. 32. verso 31.-For their God is not
as our God, even our enemies being judges.-And I will set the
Ægyptians against the Ægyptians: so everyone shall fight against
his brother.-Esay 19. verso 2. Permissu Superiorum. 1608, 4to.
Title, 1 p. ; The Authors Advertisment to him that shall answere this Trea-
tise, 7 pp. ; Contents, 6 pp. ; Catal. of Frs. with dates, 2 pp.; Catal. of Proto
writers and their works, and Instructions to reader, 10 pp.; Preface, pp.
I-56; to the Kinges most excellent Majesty, 4 pp.; The Protestants Apologie,
pp. 57-751 ; Index, 25 pp.; Four Catalogues of Proto writings, 24 pp. ; and
the Authors Advertisment, signed John Brereley, P., 25 pp.; additions
and omissions, 22 pp.
In the first adyertisment the author refers to M. D. Morton's "Epistle
dedicatory of his late Preamble to P. R.," in which an answer to the Protes-
tant's Apology is promised.
In the second advertisment he acknowledges that the Catalogue of Pro-
testant works was largely drawn from the collections of a "Worshipfull and
reverend Priest, gathered together some few yeares before he entered into
holy Orders," which probably refers to Fr. Persons, S.J.
Dr. Morton was successively appointed Bishop of Chester, Lichfield. and
Durham. He acknowledged that the Protestant's Apologie was a master-
piece in its kind, and for solidity, erudition, politeness, comprehensiveness,
and moderation, far beyond anything that had hitherto appeared.
He published a second edition of his reply, entitled" A Catholike Appeal
for Protestants, particularly answering the misconceived C
tholike Apologie
for the Romane Faith out of the Protestants." Lond. 1610, fol.
Brereley's work was then translated into Latin by WïlIiam Reyner, a Paris
doctor, under the title-
"Apologia Prctestantium pro Romana Ecc1esia; per Guil. Raynerium,
Latine versa." Pat is, 1615. 4to.
Dedicated to J ames I.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

37

3. The Liturgy of the Mass concerning the Sacrifice, Real Pre-
sence, and Service in -Latin. 1610.
The first edition, probably printed abroad; the second edition, the title
<>f which follows, is very poorly printed and badly pressed, and in all proba-
bility was produced at the secret press in Lancashire, where Fr. Anderton
was then residing.
The Lyturgie of the Masse: wherein are treated Three
Principal Pointes of Faith. 1. That in the Sacrament of the
Eucharist are truly and really contained the body and bloud of
Christ. 2. That the Masse is a true and proper sacrifice of the
body and bloud of Christ, offered to God by Priestes. 3. That
Communion of the Eucharist to the Laity under one kind is
lawful.-The ceremonies also of the Masse now used in the
Catholicke Church, are al of them derived from the Primitive
Church. By John Brereley, Priest. Printed at Colen. 1620. 4to.
Title, &c., 1 leaf; Ded. To the High and Noble Charles, Prince of Wales,
&c., 4 pp. ; Preface, pp. 9-58 ; Lyturgie, &c., pp. 59-453 ; Index, PP.455-4 6 9.
In the dedication he says that he has heard with the greatest comfort
that King J ames not only deigned to peruse "some" of his former laboures,
but also, thinking them not altogether worthy of contempt and neglect, ap-
pointed that several Doctors should be selected to undertake and make some
satisfactory answer. He adds that one of them, though his professed adversary
(D. Morton in his Appeale Epist. to the Kinges Maiesty), ingeniously con-
fesses of his writings that they "seeme both in the prefaces and progresse,
to have deserved his Maiesties most favorable acceptance."
4. The Life of Luther. Collected from the Writings ofhimselfe
and other learned Protestants, together with a further discourse
touching Melancton, Bucer, Ochine, Calvine, Beza, &c., the late
Pretended Reformers of Religion. By John Brereley, Priest.
1610. 4to. Probably printed at the Anderton press; another edition, St.
Orner's, 1624, sm. 4to., pp. 204.
5. The Reformed Protestant, by John Brereley, Priest.
This is referred to by Gee (" Foot out of the Snare," 1624), who says :-

'There was a printing-house supprest about three years since in Lancashire,
where all Brereley his works, with many other Popish Pamphlets, were
printeQ."
6. Sainct Austines Religion. Collected from His owne writinges
and from the confessions of the learned Protestants; whereby
is sufficiently proved and made knowen, the like answerable
doctrine of the other more auncient Fathers of the Primitive
Church. Written by John Brereley. Printed 1620. The author
beginneth his Booke to his Catholic Friend" during our smale aboad together
at the Spawe for both our healthes." Ded. to King James, pp. 17 ; preface
to his learned adversaries to p. 31, in which he alludes to the Protestant's
Apologie; pp. 340; table of contents, pp. 341-361; table of Principle
Pointes contained in this Book, pp. 362-374.
This work, giving an account of his opinion in matters of controversy
between Catholics and Protestants, was attacked by William Compton in a
work, entitled "St. Augustin's Sum; or, St. Augustin's Religion agreeing

3 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

with that of the Protestants; in answer to John Brereley." Lond. 1624, and
again 1625. 4to.
The following notice of this production appears in the Diary of Arch.
bishop Laud's Life, publi
hed by Hen. Wharton in 1625 :-" Anno 1624,
Dec. 21. Mr. Compton had set forth a book call'd St. Augustin's Sum.
His Majesty found fault with divers of passages in it. He was put to recall
some things in writing. He had dedicated his book to my lord Duke of
Buckingham: my lord sent him to me to overlook the articles, in which he
had recall'd, and explained himself, that I might see whether it were well
done, and fit to shew the King. This day Mr. Compton brought his papers
to me. December 23, I delivered these papers back to Mr. Compton.
December 31, his Majesty sent for me, and delivered unto me Mr. Compton's
papers a second time (after I had read them over unto himself), and com-
manded me to correct them, as they might pass in the doctrine of the Church
of England."
7. One God, one Faith. 1625. 8vo.
A treatise with the letters \V. B. prefixed. This issued from the Anderton
press, and appears in the list of works printed by Roger Anderton.
8. The Progenie of Catholics and Protestants. Rouen, 16 3 2 ,
4to. j Rothomagi, typis Nicolai Courrant, 1634, 4to.; Rouen, 1663, 4to. The
latter edition is divided into five books, each separately paged. The first has
3 2 , 2nd 90, 3rd 59, 4th 40, and 5th 26 pp.
The work is on the plan of the Protestant's Apology, and is preceded by
an able letter to Dr. Morton on his Catholic Appeal to Protestants, which
was never answered.
9. The Triple Cord; or, A Treatise proving the Truth of the
Roman Religion, By Sacred Scriptures, Taken in the Literall
Sense, Expounded by Ancient Fathers, Interpreted by Protes-
tant Writers. With A Discovery of sundry subtile sleights used
by Protestants, for evading the force of strongest Arguments 7
taken from cleerest Texts of the foresaid Scriptures.-If a man
prevayle agaynst one, two resist him: A triple Cord is hardly
broken. Permissu Superiorum. 1634. 4to. Title, 1 leaf; Epistle
Dedicatory, 32 pp.; Preface, 9 pp.; Contents, 29 pp.; Preparative to the
Triple Cord, 24 pp.; Triple Cord, pp. 33 (sic)-801; Errata, 3 pp.; Index, 8 pp.
In the preface he refers to D. Morton, \Vhite, and Featley.
I t is said to have been printed at St. Orner, by Dr. OIÏ\rer, but it does
not bear that impress on the title.
It was again printed in 1651. 4to.
This work was never answered.

Anderton, Matthew, a Captain in the Royal Army, was a
younger son of James Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster p
Esq., and lost his life at Sheriff Hutton, in Yorkshire, during
the Civil \Var.
He was entered a foreign burgess at the Preston Guild of
1622, when he was apparently very young.
Castlemaill, Aþology; Abram, Prestoll Guz"ld Rolls.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

39

Anderton, Roger, Esq., of Birchley, co. Lancaster, was
the fourth son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., by
Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of Anderton, Esq.
Unlike his father and his eldest brother ] ames, Roger Anderton
does not appear to have been a temporiser, and his name is
constantly found in the Recusant Rolls. He married Anne,
daughter of Edward Stafford, of Perry Hall, co. Stafford, Esq.,
and had a numerous family, three or four of whom were nuns,
Gee, in his "Foo_t out of the Snare," published in 162 4,
states that U there was a printing-house in Lancashire sup-
pressed about some three years since, where all Brereley's works,
with many other Popish pamphlets, were printed." This press
was undoubtedly secretly set up and supported by the Anderton
family, which was very numerous at this period, and it is most
probable that more than one member of the family was con-
nected 'Yith it. Among the State Papers in the Record Office
(Dom. ] ames I., vol. 75, n. 20) is a letter from Sir ] ulius
Cæsar, Knt., Chancellor of the Exchequer, to Sir Thomas Lake,
Knt., one of the clerks of his Majesty's Signet attending the king
at Court, dated London, Nov. 20, 161 3- u These, haste, baste,
haste." The writer states that, according to the king's plea-
sure, he has had conference with the Bishop of Chester
concerning the safe custody of the goods and books of one
Anderton, a recusant, in Lancashire, deceased. For the books
the Bishop would take special care to send his Majesty, with
all convenient speed, an inventory thereof, and attend his
gracious pleasure for their disposal. The inventory is given in
a second letter (in the same vol. n. 36, and 36, I.) :-Manuals ;
Latin and English primmers; Firm Foundations; Abridge-
ments; Policy and Religion (Fr. Fitzherbert, S.].); Rules of
St. Clare; Pseudo-Scripturist (Sylvester Norris, D.D., S.].);
Introductions (to a Devout Life, by Fr. ]. Yorke, S.].); Fol-
lowing of Christ; Key of Paradise; Bellarmine's Catechisms;
Vaux's Catechisms (Laurence Vaux, of Blackrod, Wigan, late
Warden of Manchester); Images of both Churches (by M.
Pateson, II a bitter and seditious book," says Gee, in his list).
The Anderton pedigree does not record any member of the
family as dying in 1613, but it is possible that James Anderton,
of Lostock, whose inquisition post-mortem was taken in 1618,
may be the one alluded to, or perhaps his brother Thurston,
who pre-deceased him. The books referred to have the appear-

40

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

ance of having been in bundles, and confirm the idea that the
press was here, and that these were some of the books which
issued from it.
Among the Blundell of Crosby MSS. is a list of works
ascribed to Roger Anderton by his son Christopher, in 1647,
but other hands are known to have written many of these
works; and it is therefore pretty clear that Roger Anderton
again set up the press at Birchley, and that most of the works
in the list were only printed by him. Roger Anderton is said to
have died in 1640. His son and heir, James, married a daughter
of Sir Walter Blount, Bart., of Sodington, with whose family
many literary productions are associated. The list appended is.
the one referred to above as being sent to William Blundell, Esq.,
of Crosby, in 1668, by the Rev. Henry Heaton, being a copy
of one sent to the latter, in 1647, by Christopher Anderton.
Dugdale, Lanc. Visit. 1664; Gibson, Lydiate Hall,. Real--
san/ Rolls, P.R.O.; Foley Records SJ., vol. iii. p. 490; vol. v.
p. 37 1.

I. The Christian Manna.
2. White dyed Black.
This work, entitled "'Whyte dyed Black," 4to., pp. 183, is ascribed by
Oliver (Collectanea S.J.) to Thomas Worthington, D.D., and was written
against Di. John White's" \Vay to the True Church." 161 4.
3. Keepe your Text.
4. ThePseudo-Scripturist, by Fr. Sylvester Norris, D.D., S.J. 4to.1623.
5. One God, one Faith; or, Qui non credit condemnabitur,
by Fr. Lawrence Anderton, S.J., alias John Brereley, under the initials
W. B., 1625, 8vo. He was about this time in Lancashire, and probably
resided with Roger Anderton.
6. The Legacy. "The Bishop of London His Legacy, or Certaine
Motives of D. King, late Bishop of London, for his change of Religion and
dying in the Catholike and Roman Church," 1622, written by Musket, a
priest, says Gee, who is very wrath about it.
7. The Converted Jew, published in 1630, 4to., in the name ofFr. John
Clare, S.)., though it was not written by him. It is a learned controversial
work in three dialogues, and it answers, in an appendix to the second, "A
treatise of the Visibility and Succession of the True Church in all Ages,"
printed in 1624. Dr. Oliver remarks that the" printer's office possessed no
Greek types; and there could have been no efficient reader or corrector of
the press." If this was printed by Roger Anderton, the date, 1630, clearly
proves that the press was again set up after the seizure.
8. Rawleigh, his Ghost.
U Rawleigh, his Ghost; or a feigned Apparition of Sir Walter Rawleigh.
Translated by A. B. Permissu Superiorum," 1631, 8vo. Two works had
previously appeared under this title, U Prosopopoeia. Sir Walter Rawleigh's;

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 1

Ghost, 1622;" and "Sir \Valter Rawleigh's Ghost, or England's Fore-
warner" (by Thomas Scott, B.D.), Utrecht, 1626, 4to., pp. 44, referring to
Gondomar's transactions in England.
9. Campion Translated. This probably was the English translation
of Campion's "Decem Rationes," of which an edition was published in
London by Richard Stock in 1606.
10. The Non-entitie of Protestancy.
II. Puritanisme the Mother, Sinn the Daughter," Or a Treatise,
wherein is demonstrated that the Fayth of the Puritans doth forcibly induce its
Professours, to the perpetrating of Sinne. Hereunto is added (as an Appen-
dix) a Funeral Discourse Touching the Deathes of Dr. Price, Deane of
Hereford, and Dr. Butts, Vice-Chancellour of Cambridge. By B. c." 1633,8vo.
12. An Apologie of English Armeniauisme, perhaps referring to
the work by J. R, "The Spy discovering the Danger of Arminian Heresie
;nd Spanish Treacherie." Strasburgh, 1628. 4to.
13. An Antidote against Purgatorie.
14. Maria Trumphans, "Being a Discourse, wherein, by way of Dia-
logue (hetween Mariadulus and Mariamastix) the B. Virgin Mary, Mother of
God, is defended and vindicated from all such .Dishonours and Indignities
with which the Precisions of these our days are accustomed unjustly to charge
Her." 1635. 12mo. Dedication signed N. N.
IS. Adelphomachia, or ye Warrs of Protestancy.
16. Bellarmin of Eternal Felicitie, translated.
17. Bellarmin of the lamentation of ye Dove, translated.
This may be the translation made by \Villiam Anthony Batt, O.S.B.,
"The Mourning of the Dove; or, of the great Benefit and Good of Teares.
III. Bookes. \Vritten in Latin by the most Illustrious Card. Bellarmine of
the Society of Jesus, And translated into English by A. B." Perm. Super.
1641. 18mo.
18. Bellarmin of ye Words of Our Lord.
19. Clavis Homerica.
20. Miscellanea.
21. Luther's Alcoran. Fr. Lawrence Ânderton, alias John Brereley,
wrote" The Life of Luther," St. Orner's. 1624.
22. The English Nunne: "being a treatise, wherein (by way of Dia-
logue) the Author endeavoureth .to draw young and unmarried Catholike
gentlewomen to imbrace a votary, and religious life. \Vritten by N. N.
lIereunto is annexed a short discourse to the Abbesses and Religious
women of all the English Monasteries in the Low Countreys, and France."
1642. 8vo.
23. The Catholicke Younger Brother.
24. A Panegyricke, or Laudative Discourse.
25. Bellarmine's Controversies, the whole of which were translated
into English by Roger Anderton, and sent by him to the Rev. Henry Heaton
at St. Orner, in two large tomes, but were never printed.
Probably with these exceptions all the other works in the foregoing list
were printed at the Anderton press.

Anderton, Robert, priest, martyr, was born in Lanca-
shire, and was probably the son of James Anderton, of

4 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Euxton, Esq.. and his wife, a daughter of the ancient family
of Banister of Bank.
He was sent to the English College at Rheims, and in the
Douay Diary he is described as a man of great learning (1/ir
doctissilllus). He was ordained sub-deacon in 1583, and in
the following year deacon and priest.
Towards the close of Jan. 1586, he set out for the English
mission, but the vessel in which he was crossing the Channel
was driven in a storm to the Isle of Wight. Here he was
apprehended on suspicion of being a priest, and was committed
to prison. On this charge he was tried and found guilty, and
was sentenced to death, though he showed that he was cast
on shore against his will, and had not remained in the
kingdom, before his commitment, the number of days men-
tioned in the statute. He was executed in the Isle of \Vight,
April 25, 15 86 .
Challoller, Me11l01YS
. Doltay Diaries.

Anderton, Thomas, a Captain in the Royal Army, was
probably a brother of Captain Matthew Anderton, and son of
J ames Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster, Esq., but as there
were several of this name living in 1642, it is impossible to
decide.
He was killed during the Civil \Var.
Castlelllaill, Apology.

Anderton, Thomas, O.S.B., was the
ixth son of
William Anderton, Esq., of Euxton, co. Lancaster, by Isabel,
daughter and heiress of \Villiam Hancock, of Pendle Hall,
Lower Higham, co. Lancaster, Esq. Both of his parents
suffered heavily for the Faith. His father died in 16 I 8, but his
mother was still paying her fines for recusancy in 1635.
Thomas Anderton was born at Euxton Hall in 1611, and
was sent to the Benedictine Monasteryof St. Edmund at Paris,
where he was professed in 1630. He was ordained priest there
six years later, and he successively held the offices of Novice
Master, Sub-prior, and Prior, the latter in 1640-1. He was
Definitor in 1641, and Secretary to the Chapter in 1657. For
a time he retired to a hermitage, but was Prior of St. Bene-
dict's l\'Ionastcry at St. Malo, 166 I -6, and once more Prior of

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

43

St. Edmund's, Paris, 1668-9. Shortly afterwards he was sent to
the English mission, and died at Saxton Hall, in Y orkshire p
Oct. 9, I 67 I.
SllO"ifJ, Belled. Necrolog)' / Gil/ow, LaJlc. Recllsants, illS.
I. History of the Iconoclasts, during the Reign of the Emperors
Leo Isauricus, Constantin Copronimus, Leo the 4th, Constantin
and Irene, Leo the Armenian, Michael Balbus, Theophilus,
Michael IlL, and Theor.Lora. 5.1.,1671. 8\'0.

Anderton, Thurston, a Captain in the King's Army during
the Civil vVar, was wounded at Newbury Fight, and died soon
afterwards in Oxford. He was the third son of Roger An-
derton, Esq., of Birchley, fourth son of Christopher Anderton,
Esq., of Lostock.
Castlemaill, Apology.

Andrewes, Thomas, of London, boo
(seller, &c., is named
in Gee's c, Foot out of the Snare," in 1624.

Andrews, William Eusebius, journalist, printer, and
author, was born on Dec. 15, 1773, in the city of Norwich, of
humble but respectable parents, both converts to that religion
of which their son was to become one of the most remarkable
defenders. At an early age Mr. Andrews was apprenticed to
the printers and proprietors of the Norwich Chronicle in his
native city. and here additional opportunities presented them.
selves for storing his mind with the historical and general infor-
mation which he afterwards turned to such good account.
Shortly after the termination of his apprenticeship, he was
placed in the responsible position of Editor of the journal,
which he continued to conduct for his employers for a period of
fourteen years with great reputation and success. His well-
earned character for knowledge of books and authors, caused
him to be chosen as the agent for the purchase of books from
London for a Book Society, and this gave him additional faci.
lities beyond his own limited means for improving his mental
acquirements, of which he availed himself with the most
praiseworthy industry.
He soon, even at this early period of his career, became the
recognized champion of Catholicism in the neighbourhood of
Norwich. So strongly did he feel the importance of Catholics

44

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

availing themselves of the press, for the advocacy and defence
of their religious principles, that at length he could no longer
resist the promptings of the zeal which animated him, and he
resolved to enter the arena of periodical literature, and to
devote himself to the maintenance of Catholic truth and the
cause of Civil and Religious Liberty.
But the limited boundary of a country town did not present
a field for the extensive and bold operations which his ardent
and powerful mind projected for the advancement of that cause
which lay nearest his heart. Accordingly, he resolved to remove
to London, and in the stronghold of Protestantism uprear the
standard of Catholicity. He inscribed on his banner T/ze
Ort/Zodox jOllr1lal, a monthly publication in octavo, which
made its first appearance on the I st of July, 18 I 3.
His exertions were attended with marked success and most
cheering encouragement. A new tone was given to Catholic
feeling, and a growing desire was manifested for a combined
effort of the different classes of society to forward the absorb-
ing question of Emancipation, by promptly and vigorously re-
futing the calumnies invented to serve political objects, or which
were hashed up and seasoned to suit the appetite of pampered
and bigoted ascendency. The disunion, however, occasioned by
the disapproval of the action and policy of the Catholic Board,
in regard to the Emancipation Bills introduced into Parliament,
by Bishop Milner and a large section of the Catholic body,
produced a quarrel which for several years caused the deepest
anxiety and confusion, and threatened to defeat the very object
which both parties had in view.
Dr. Milner and his party received the vigorous support of
the ever-independent editor of T/ze Ort/Zodox journal, who, it
will shortly appear, had to suffer severely for his temerity.
While engaged in conducting T/ze Ort/Zodox journal, Mr.
Andrews was solicited to undertake the task of counteracting
the poisonous excitement caused in the neighbourhood of
Glasgow by a bigoted publication called T/ze Protestallt. His
zeal for religion induced him to accept the conditions proposed,
and for a year he published a weekly pamphlet at twopence,
which was named T/ze Cat/Zolic Vindicator, and admirably he
discharged the duties which that name implies. But an altera-
tion of the law, prohibiting the sale of weekly publications for
less than sixpence, and differences on political questions among

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

45

the Catholics of Glasgow, caused him to relinquish this publi.
cation with considerable pecuniary loss.
Dr. Milner was a warm friend of the editor, and a frequent
correspondent of The Orthodox journal, and his often severe
and unsparing denunciations of those whom he conscientiously
considered to be at variance with the interests of the Catholic
cause singularly coincided with the views and sometimes violent
articles of lVIr. Andrews; and such plain-speaking could not
fail to give umbrage, particularly to some who fell under the
Bishop's censures. Accordingly, strong representations were
made to the Holy See, both against the Bishop and also against
The Orthodox journal, from which certain extracts were sent
to Rome in support of the allegations brought forward. In
consequencc of these complaints, the Bishop was cautioned by
the Holy See to subdue his manner, and to refrain from contri-
buting by word or writing to the pages of The Ortllodox journal.
The letter of the Prefect of "Propaganda," addressed to Dr.
Milner, was dated April 29, 1820, and expresses the uneasiness
with which his Holiness and the Propaganda have learned the cir-
culation in England of a periodical called The Orthodox journal,
which is calculated, it says, to perpetuate dissensions among the
Catholics of Great Britain; that the said journal, with the
greatest temerity, grievously blackens by detractions and abuse,
and often even by enormous calumnies, the reputation of several
Catholics, of the Vicars Apostolic themselves, and even ministers
of the Holy See; that the said journal contains many articles
bearing Dr. l\1ilner's name, and that it is publicly known that
he is one of its chief supporters and writers, and supplies the
editor with many contributions. The document also declares
it to be the will and command of his Holiness that he shall
take no part in future in the said journal, directly or indirectly;
shall in no way promote or patronize it, nor contribute any
matter or arguments to it, much less afford it any assistance.
This document is altogether so extraordinary that it is no
wonder that Dr. Milner felt that he had been unjustly accused
to the Holy See; and he accordingly wrote to the editor of
the condemned journal, informing him of his prohibition from
contributing to The Orthodox journal, but stating that he con-
ceived he was at liberty to aid Mr. Andrews in a different kind
of publication.
Thus the political influence and misrepresentation, as the

4 6

EIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

opposite party maintained, of the Catholic Board and their
ministerial friends, brought about the discontinuance of The
Orthodox journal.
Nothing daunted, Mr. Andrews was enabled, by the aid of
a few friends, to establish a weekly stamped newspaper, appa-
rently the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, which
appeared in Dec. 1820, entitled The Cat/LOlic Advocate of Ci'llzl
and Religious Liberty. For nine months he struggled with the
difficulties which opposed his progress, resolutely maintainiug
his advocacy of Catholic principles, while steadfastly advocating
his political opinions; and with such sterling integrity and
good sense did he bear himself in this trying position that a
public body of Protestants openly declared that The Catholic
Advocate was the only paper in England which favoured the
cause of the people. On the discontinuance of that newspaper,
in July 1821, he remained in a state of comparative idleness
until the end of the year, when proposals were made for
publishing two separate periodicals; one for Catholics, under
the title of The Catholic .lI1isællall)', with a nominal editor; and
the other, exclusively political, The People's Adz/ocate, openly
edited by him. Both works made their appearance in Jan.
1822, but the political pamphlet only survived seven weeks,
and the sole editorship of the other devolved upon him after
the second number. He continued, under very considerable
pecuniary difficulties (and, indeed, part of the time was impri-
soned under a vexatious arrest by one of his creditors), to
conduct it until June 1823, when The Mz'scellall)' was put into
other hands.
In the previous January, he had been induced to re-establish
The Orthodox jour1lal, as admitting of a wider scope and freer
tone of argument, and he continued to publish it until the end
of 1824. The mention of several important publications pro-
duced by his pen and press during this period has been
purposely omitted in the desire to show a continuous and
uninterrupted view of the indomitable energy and surprising
zeal with which Mr. Andrews endeavoured to maintain a
periodical organ for the expression of Catholic intellect, and
resistance to the bigotry and political injustice of the dominant
party.
On Sept. 25, 1824, he launched the first number of another
venture, The Truthteller, a weekly stamped newspaper. His

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

47

friends raised him about Æ260 to assist him in the establish-
ment of this journal, which was at that particular time greatly
-called for. The enormous expenses of a stamped newspaper,
at its then high rate of duty, rendered the capital required
much greater than a similar undertaking nowadays.
But Andrews, never sparing himself when the cause of
religion and liberty was concerned, boldly embarked in his new
attempt and maintained his ground for twelve months, receiving
only the additional aid of Æ 50 indirectly from the British
Catholic Association, and a loan of Æ I 25, which the Committee
of the Association advanced upon the application of his public
friends to enable him to purchase stamps, and which loan was
honourably repaid.
With untiring zeal he continued Tlte Trutltteller in the form
of a pamphlet, and with the same energetic and unbending
firmness as before, he continued his defence of Catholic
principles and practices from the continual attacks made upon
them.
The fourteen volumes of Tlte Trutltteller contain many
valuable articles from the pen of its editor and his talented
-contributors, but this publication was brought to a close by
another temporary division in the Catholic body. The same
41 bone of contention," the question of " Securities," for obtaining
the ardently longed-for Emancipation, was again the cause of
his public labours being interrupted. The great differences of
opinion as to the measures recommended by 0' Connell found
expression in Tlte Trutltteller; and Mr. Andrews, with his usual
disregard of consequences to himse
f, when he conceived that
he saw any open or lurking danger to religion or public
principle which called for his notice, vehemently and resolutely
assailed O'Connell and combated the course of proceedings
which he advocated. This was more than the enthusiastic
admirers of O'Connell could bear with, and so many persons
withdrew their support from that journal in consequence,
simultaneously with the failure of several of his agents, oc-
casioned by the workings of the great commercial panic, that
he was obiiged to discontinue it. Mr. Andrews had to face his
creditors, but came out with honour; and all political parties,
recognizing his eminent services and utility in the cause of
religion, united in raising the sum of :i 320, which enabled him
to meet his engagements with his creditors and continue his

4 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

journal, till the spreading vortex of commercial embarrassments
at this terrible crisis engulfed both his agents and subscribers
in one common destruction. The Truthteller was finally sus-
pended, April 25, 1829.
Still unsubdued, he again renewed his periodical labours in
The Orthodox journal, and completed the twelfth volume Dec.
1830. Subsequently he continued his exertions in The Britz's/I
Liúerator for a brief season, and in August, 1831, brought
out his Constitutional Preceptor and Monthly Intclligencer,. and
finally, Sept. I, 1832, when the taste of the day for cheap
literature called forth The Penny .bfagazine, and its host of
competitors, he once more started The Orthodox journal, as a
weekly candidate for public favour. The tide of popularity
again turned on his attractive publication. The increased
demand obliged him to enlarge his little venture, and double
its price; and the anger of his Irish friends having somewhat
abated, he again received their support in that character, which
all his opponents admitted he admirably sustained-that of a
champion of Catholicism.
He hoisted the U Union Jack" at the main, and The L01Zd01Ç
and DUb/Ùl Orthodox journal became the title of his little
periodical from the summer of I 835, and it received the latest
productions of his ever-active mind.
His exertions in other departments of the press, removed
from periodical literature, were marked by the same untiring
zeal and laborious efforts in the cause of Catholicism and
rational freedom, of which his review of Fox's Book of Martyrs
is the greatest example. He was the originator and principal
support of the Catholic Defence and Tract Societies, and in
1826 established the Society of "The Friends of Civil and
Religious Liberty," which in little more than a year circulated
nearly half a million tracts at the small expense of Æ 450,
principally owing to Mr. Andrews' gratuitous management of
the agency and correspondence. He was also the parent of
the "Metropolitan Tract Society," and of other societies with
similar objects. As a politician he was an ardent and steady
Reformer, attached to the forms and principles of the British
Constitution, and possessed of an instinctive distrust of all who-
professed liberality whilst acting in an arbitrary and uncon-
stitutional manner. He was a true Christian, humble and
earnest in his piety, faithful and unswerving in his belief. He

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

49

died, after a short illness, April 7, 1837, in his 64th year,
leaving a son and daughter behind him who continued The
Orthodox Journal until Dec. 3 I, 1842.

Orthodox J ol/I'Jlal, April, I 837; Husellbeth, Life of Dr.
1lIibler; Flanagan, His!. of CIt.

I. The Orthodox Journal and Catholic Monthly Intelligencer

issued July I, 1813, edited, printed, and published in London by W. E.
Andrews, 8vo., which continued until December, 1820, when it was suspended
in consequence of the censure on Dr. Milner, one of the chief supporters of
the journal, in the letter of the Prefect of Propaganda, dated April 29,
1820.
In Jan. 1823, The Orthodox Journal was revived by Andrews, and
it continued until the end of 1824, when it was again suspended in conse-
quence of the editor being induced to try a weekly stamped newspaper ca1led
"The Truthte1ler."
After the final suspension of the latter, The Orthodox Journal was
again revived, vol. ii., :\Iay to Dec. 1829, Third Series, and continued until
the twelfth volume was completed, Dec. 1830.
On Sept. 8, 1832, the journal was once more started under the title of
The Weekly Orthodox Journal of Entertaining Christian Know-
ledge, with an illustration every fortnight.
After completing four volumes, a new series was commenced under the
title of The London and Dublin Orthodox Journal cf Useful Know-
ledge, the first volume commencing July 4, and ending Dee. 26, 1835.
Andrews died ill the middle of the fourth volume of this series, April 7, 1837,
and during his short illness and after his death, the volume was continued, at
his request, by Mr. John Reed, until Petcr Paul Andrews, the son, was enabled
to complete his engagements in Liverpool.
The fifth volume commenced under the editorship of P. P. Andrews, July I,
1837, and continued until the expiration of the 15th and last volume, Dec. 31,
1842. It was printed and published at the old address, Duke Street, Little
Britain, London, by Peter Paul Andrews and his sister Mary. The same style,
8vo., double columns, with engravings of churches, co1leges, monasteries, por-
traits, and miscellaneous subjects, continued to the end.
2. The Catholic School-Book, Lund. 1814, 8vo., compiled and pub-
lished shortly after his arrival in London to rescue Catholic children from
the insults and dangerous language of the school-books in use, being the first
attempt of the kind in England.
3. The Historical Narrative of the Horrid Plot and Conspiracy
of Titus Oates. Lond. 1816. 8vo.
\Vhich was written to prove to Protestants the falsehoods and infamous
perjuries which were put forward to prejudice Catholics and justify penal
enactments.
4. The Catholic Vindicator; a Weekly Paper in Reply to "The
Protestant." Lond.
This pamphlet, published weekly at twopence, was written entirely by
WLL E

50

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Andrews, to COU!1teract the excitement caused by the bigoted Glasgow journal
called" The Protestant." It commenced Dec. 5, I8IS, and lasted to Dec. 4,
1819, forming a volume of 830 pages, and was discontinued through an
alteration in the law, whIch prohibited the sale of weekly publications for a
less price than 6d., and the differences on political questions among the leading
Catholics of Glasgow.
5. The Catholic Advocate of Civil and Religious Liberty. Lond.
Established in Dec. 1820 as a weekly stamped newspaper, apparently
the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, and at one time openly
declared by a public body of Protestants to be the only paper in England
which favoured the cause of the people. It was discontinued in July, 1821,
through insuperable difficulties opposing its zealous editor's progress.
6. The People's Advocate. Lond. An exclusively political pamphlet,
openly edited by Andrews, commenced Jan. 1822, but only survived seven
weeks.
7. The Catholic Miscellany, and Monthly Repository of In.
formation. Lond. 8vo., printed and published by and for Ambrose Cuddon,
2, Carthusian Street, Charterhouse Square, 8vo., single columns.
This magazine was commenced Jan. I, IS22, by Andrews and Ambrose
Cuddon, under the nominal editorship of the latter, though the sole editor-
ship devolved upon Andrews after the second number, and it so remained
until June, IS23, price IS. It was then continued by Cuddon, and subse-
quently by the Rev. T. M. M'Donnell, until May, IS3o, when it ceased to
exist.
It was well got up, printed on fair paper and with good type, besides being
embellished with numerous plates.
8. The Ashton Controversy.
A bigoted parson of the name of Sibson took it into his head, in IS22,
to issue a collection of slanders against the Catholic faith. Andrews was
requested by the Preston Catholics to enter the lists against the Lancashire
parson; and in eighteen pamphlets of 24 pp. each completely defeated and
silenced his opponent.
They were published in London in 1822 and IS23, sm.8vo., some of which
bore the following titles :-
A Word of Advice, 1822; A Letterto Parson Sibson's Flock,
1822; A Letter to Parson Sibson on his Rhodomontades against
Indulgences and Matrimony, Jan. I, 1823; A Tilt at the Champion,
1 82 3; A Second Letter to Parson Sibson on the Foundation of his
Church, his ignorance on Holy Orders, and the Shameful Bible
Corruptions of Protestants, Feb. I, 1823; A Second Tilt at the
Champion; or, the Wickedness and Duplicity of the Partisans ()f
the Pretended Reformation Unveiled, Feb. 24, IS23; An Address
to the Protestants of Lancashire, March, IS23; A Second Address
to the Protestants of Lancashire, containing a Correct Account of
the Inquisition; Exposure of Sibson's Logic; a Detection of his
Falsehoods, and other interesting Topics, l\1arch 25, 1823; A Doc.
trinal Lash at the Champion, with a Traditional Switch for
Parson Sibson, on the Doctrine of Purgatory and Praying for
the Dead, April 8, 1823; A Third Letter to Parson Sibson's Flock,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

Sf

in which his exposition of the Safety and Danger of Salvation is
Examined and Refuted, June 18,1823'
There were six more pamphlets in the same controversy written by
Andrews.
9. A Critical and Historical Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs,
showing the inaccuracies, falsehoods, and misrepresentations in
that work of deception. Lond. 1824-6, 3 vols. 8vo.; a second edition
was in the press at the time of the author's death in 1837; 1853,2 vols. 12mo.
In 1823 a Protestant Society in Southwark deluged the whole Metropolis
with the prospectus of the publication of Fox's Book of Martyrs, a proceeding
so offensive to the Catholics that numbers of the working classes resolved to
aid Andrews to refute it by raising funds for defraying the preliminary expenses
and securing circulation. For this purpose, at his suggestion, Defence Societies
were formed throughout the populous towns of the kingdom, and [50 was
raised, and moderate support assured during publication. With this
encouragement. Andrews commenced his Review, on Nov. 5, 1823, and in
spite of difficulties continued the work until three good-sized volumes were
completed. His warm friend and supporter, Dr. Milner, highly approved of
this work. It was illustrated with numerous woodcuts, of secondary quality,
taken from Verstigan's "Theatrum Crudelitatum," and similar works.
10. The Truthteller, a weekly stamped newspaper, commenced Sept. 25,
1824, and continued for twelve months.
I I. The Truthteller; a Weekly Political Pamphlet, Lond. 8vo.,
price 6d., single columns, 35 pp., with the motto, "Truth is powerful, and
will prevail," on each number. No. I commenced Oct. I, 1825; NO.2,
Oct. 15; NO.3, Oct. 29; and weekly from N ov, 5 to the completion of
vol. i., Dec. 31. The second volume commenced Jan. 7, 1826, and so on, a
volume quarterly, until vol. xiv., Jan 3 to April 25, 1829, when the work was
finally closed.
12. The Catholic Friend: containing the Calendar; Original
Essays on the Catholic Religion, History, and Institutions;
Answers to Attacks on the same; Miscellaneous Information,
&c.; to be continued fortnightly, by W. E. Andrews, assisted by
several literary gentlemen. Lond., printed and published by the
Editor, NO.3, Chapterhouse Court, St. Paul's. The title-page bears a small
representation of Our Lady. 8vo. No. I, Candlemas Day, 1825, 16 pp. ;
No.2, St. Valentine's Day, pp. 17-3 2 ; NO.3, St. David's Day, pp. 33-48;
NO.4, St. Patrick's Day, pp. 49-64.
These were probably all that were published.
13. The British Liberator had a short life in the beginning of 1831.
14. Andrews' Constitutional Preceptor and Monthly Intelli-
gencer, edited, printed, and published by W. E. Andrews, at 2, Oxford
Arms Passage, 'Varwick Lane, Lond. 8vo., price IS. No. I, Aug. 1831,
single columns, which continued for six months.
15. Plowden's History of Ireland, from the Invasion by
Henry II. to the Union with Great Britain. To which is prefixed
a Dissertation on the Antiquity of Irish History. Second Edition,
edited and amended by 'V. E. A. Lond. 1831. 8vo.
This was an abridgment of the original work.

E 2

52

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

16. The Catholic's Vade Mecum.
17. Popery Triumphant
A right doleful-clerical.comicaI
drama; as performed at the Upper Rooms, Bath, on loth of
December, 1833, by some of his Majesty's servants of the law
church, assisted by a few Dissenting preachers, Members of the
British Reformation Society, with a Commentary on each per-
former. Lond. 1833, 8vo.
18. The Two Systems.
19. The End of Religious Controversy, by Dr. Milner, Bishop
of Castabala. Edited by W. E. Andrews, with the addition of the letters
to Dr. Grier, in vindication of certain passages contained in it. Lond. 12mo. ;
republished 1853 and 1859, 12mo.
20. Several controversial letters at Preston, Wexford, &c.
21. Pm "trait, half-figure, T. Overton, del., E. Scriven, sc., inscribed
"William Eusebius Andrews, Editor of 'The Orthodox Journal,''' Lond.
pub. Oct. 1820, by \V. E. A., 8, Drake Street, prefixed to vol. ii., Third Series,
lVIay to December, 1229, of "The Orthodox Journal," 8vo.

Ann, John, martyr, was a younger son of the ancient
family of Ann, of Frickley, in the parish of Hooton PagneIl,
West Riding, Yorkshire, where he was born. In the early
period of the family history they are frequently spoken of as
D' Anne, which indicates a territorial origin. It is said that
the noble French family of :Morency, or Montmorency, derives
its origin from the Yorkshire family of Ann. The peculiarity
of the name has led to many blunders. The martyr's name is
erroneously spelt Amias and Annasius in the Douay Diaries and
Catalogues of Martyrs. He was ordained priest at the College
at Rheims, March 25, 158 I, and sent upon the mission on the
5th of June following. He fell into the hands of the
pursuivants, and was condemned to die the death of a traitor
on account of his priestly character, and suffered at York on
March 16, 1588-9,

Challoner, Memoirs,. Foley, Records Sf., vol. vu. p. 14.

Anlaby, or Andleby, William, martyr, was a gentleman
by birth, Etton, in Yorkshire, being his native place. He
matriculated at Cambridge as a pensioner of St. John's College,
Nov. 12, 1567, proceeding B.A. in 1571.
He had been brought up in the Protestant religion, and
entertained a strong aversion to the Church of Rome, but when
about 25 years of age, during his travels on the Continent
he met with Dr. Allen at Douay, who had but recently insti-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

53

tuted the English College there for the supply of missionaries
to England.
The interesting particulars of Mr. Anlaby's conversion by
Dr, Allen are related by Challoner in his Memoirs. He was
ordained priest at Chateaux Cambresis, and returned to England
to labour as a missioner in his native county in 1578.
After twenty years' labours, and many wonderful adventures
and narrow escapes, he was at length seized, and condemned to
death for being a priest.
He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, July 4, 1597.
Dodd, Ck. Hist., vol. ii. p. 72; Cooper, A tk. Cmltab., vol. ii.
p. 225 ; Ckalloner, ftfemoirs.

Annesley, Henry, D.D., a native of the diocese of Oxford,
was admitted into Douay College, April I I, 1579. On Aug. 2 I,
following, he left with five others to proceed on foot to the
English College, Rome, where he was admitted Oct. 17, at the
age of 18. He was ordained priest there in 1585. He after-
wards became licentiate of divinity, and was appointed a Canon
of Monaco. The date of his death is not recorded, but he was
alive in 1612.

Pitsæus, De Itlus. Angl. Script.,. Foley, Roman Diary,
Records Sf.

I. Thesis de Beata Maria Virgine.

Anstey, Henry Frampton, Esq., was received into the
Church in 1842. The greater portion of his life was spent in
Tasmania, where he was distinguished as a kind and liberal
landlord, and for his charity to the poor in proportion to
the ample means which God had given him.
Tasmania owes him much for his enlightened advocacy of its
civil interests as a Member of its Legislature.
The last two years of his life he spent in Rome, where he
died July 8, 1862, aged 40.
He was created a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory
by Pius IX., and by special privilege was buried in the church
.of Santa Maria del Populo.
Tablet, July 19, 1862.

54

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. During his stay in Rome he was the writer of the racy Roman Letter
to the Tablet.

Appleton, James, divine, was the son of Mr. James
Appleton, and his wife Mary Smith, of Norfolk, and at the age
of 19, in 1762, was sent to Douay College, where he was
ordained priest. Soon after he came on the mission he-
accompanied the sons of Sir William J ern ingham, Bart., in a
tour on the Continent.
After his return he lived some years as chaplain in the
family of Michael Blount. Esq., at Mapledurham ; then in that of
Thomas Giffard, Esq., at Chillington; next at Mawley, the seat
of Sir vValter Blount, Bart.; and lastly, in 1804, he settled
at Stafford, where he continued until his death, March 2, 18 I 3,
aged 7 I.
Douay Diaries,. Kirk, Biog. ColI., flf.S. rVest11l. Archiepis.
Arc/lives.

I. Pious Lectures, by C. F. Lhomond. Trans. by Rev. James
Appleton. Lond. 1794. 8vo.
2. Theophilus; or the Pupil instructed in the Principles, the
Obligations, and the Resources of the Roman Catholic Religion.
Lond.1795. 8vo.
From La Doctrine Chrétienne of L'Homond.
3. Discourses for all the Sundays and Festivals of the Year,
on the Various Duties of Religion, as taught by the Catholic
Church. Lond. 1800, 8vo.; 1852, 8vo. An edition of his sermons was
published in 3 vols.
4. An Analysis, or Detailed Explication of the Gospels read
in the Mass on the Sundays and Festivals throughout the Year.
Lond. 1814. 8vo.
Reprinted, Dublin, 1853. 8vo.

. Apsley, Charles, of a noble English family, was received
at the English College, Douay, May I, I 589, and left for Paris
July 26, following.
DOZlay Diaries.
I. Holy Pictures of the Mysticall Figures of the most holy
Sacrament and Sacrifice of the Eucharist set forth in French
by Lewis Richome, Provinciall of the Society of Jesus, And
Translated into English for the benefit of those of that Nation,
as well Protestants as Catholicks, by C. A. Printed with Licence,
1619. Title, I leaf; Translator's Preface, 2 leaves, signed C. A.; Author's
Preface, &c., 3 leaves; Licence dated Sorbonne, 17 March, 1001; pp. 300;
Table, &c., 7 leaves.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

55

Archer, James, D.D., was born in London, Nov. 17, 175 I,
and was the son of Peter Archer and his wife Bridget Lahey.
He was employed at a public-house called The Ship, in Turn
Style, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where Catholics were accustomed
for many years to meet for divine service in a large club-room.
His devout behaviour and natural abilities coming under the
notice of Dr. Challoner, he was sent to Douay College in
1769. Here he was ordained priest, and, in June 1780, returned
to London to commence his labours on the mission in the very
public-house in which he had formerly served. This was the
year of the Gordon Riots; indeed, the newly ordained missioner
arrived in London only a few days after the furious mob had
burned the chapels and plundered and destroyed the houses of
the Catholics. Under these circumstances it was more ne-
cessary than ever to assemble in secrecy for the celebration of
holy Mass, and it is related that when Dr. Archer commenced
his preaching in the club-room at The Ship, pots of beer were
placed on the tables as " a blind."
He was a most eloquent pulpit orator and an indefatigable
missionary. His whole missionary career for half a century was
earnestly devoted to preaching the Gospel on each returning
Sunday, and it is thought that he never missed one through
that extended period.
He is described as very short in stature, perhaps not more
than five feet one or two. But he had a magnificent head, his
brow was wonderfully ample and intellectual, and his deep
grey eyes shone with a flashing brilliancy until his seventieth
year and upwards. His voice was silvery in tone, musical and
wonderfully distinct in the pulpit. He was justly considered
the most eloquent preacher in England.
Charles Butler, referring to his style of preaching, says:
"It has been his aim to satisfy Reason, whilst he pleased,
charmed, and instructed her; to impress upon the mind just
notions of the mysteries and truths of the Gospel; and to show
that the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her
paths the paths of peace. No one has returned from any of
his sermons without impressions favourable to virtue, or with-
out some practical lesson which, through life, probably in a
few days, perhaps even in a few hours, it would be useful for
him to remember." After passing further encomium, Mr.
Butler adds: "To almost every Protestant library, and to

56

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

many a Protestant toilet, Mr. Archer's sermons have found
their way."
The Rev. Edward Price gives a long description of him in a
foot-note to one of his missionary stories in "Sick Calls," of
which the following is an extract :-
"Shortly after my conversion, in the year I 822, I saw the
venerable little man for the first time out of the pulpit. He
was busily employed in looking over some books in front of an
old shop in Holborn. I stood behind him for more than five
minutes gazing with reverence upon him whose eloquent sermons
had been so mainly instrumental in promoting my conversion.
His dress was certainly rather slovenly. A long brown great-
coat, much the worse for wear, nearly down to his heels; an old
broad-brimmed hat, and thick-soled shoes a world too wide for
his feet, and which had evidently been soled a score of times.
Though I took in these discrepancies at a glance, I thought
not of them but of the mind and heart they concealed."
This description is typical of many of those fine old priests
who lived in the days of religious intolerance. In those times
the priests generally wore brown, and it has elsewhere been
stated that the Rev. Joseph Berington was the first to assume
black cloth.
For many years Dr. Archer was Vicar-General of the London
District; and the Pope, in recognition of his missionary labours,
his talents as a preacher, and his published works, conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor in Divinity at the same date
with Dr. Lingard, Dr. Fletcher, and Dr. Gradwell.
He found a peaceful, happy end in the family of Mr. Booker,
the publisher, in whose house he had resided for more than
twenty-five years. He died Aug. 22, 1834, aged 82.

Douay Diaries; Butler, jt,Jemoirs of tlte Eug. Catholics;
Husellbeth, Life of Bishop Mz'lller; Price, Sz'ck Calls; J{irk,
Biog. ColI., MS. Arc/tiep. Archives, TVestm.,. Cath. Mag.,
Sept. 1834.

I. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all
the Sundays in the Year, and some of the Principal Festivals
of the Year. Lond. 1787; Second Edit., Lond. 1788,2 vols. 8vo.; Third
Edit., Lond. 1816,2 vols. 8vo.
Incorporated with Sennons for the Principal Festivals of the Year.
Lond. 1784, 5 vols. 8vo.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

57

2. Second Series. Lond. 1801, 12mo., 3 vols. ; Second Edit. 1822,
2 vols. 8vo.
3. Third Series. Lond. 1827, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all
Sundays, and some of the Principal Festivals of the Year.
Lond, 1789, 8vo.; Second Edit. 1794, 4 vols. 12mo.; Third Edit. 1817,
2 vols. 8vo. Incorporated with Sermons for all Sundays, Lond. 1794,
5 vols. 8vo.
5. Sermon on the Festival of St. Patrick (on Eccl. xliv.)
preached the 18th March, 1793. Lond. 1793. 8vo.
6. Sermons on Matrimonial Duties, and other moral and
religious subjects. Lond. 1804. 12mo.
7. A Letter to J. Milner, Vicar-Apostolic of the Midland
District (Being a Reply to a letter in which he accuses the author
of immorality). Lond. 1810. 8vo.
Dr. Milner denounced the mixture of erroneous and dangerous morality
in two sets of Dr. Archer's sermons, more especially those on Humility, on
the Passions, and on the means of subduing the Passions, and he absolutely
forbad them to be publicly read in the chapels of his district; but the good
bishop was too severe in his censure, even allowing for his characteristic use
of strong language and arbitr.try action. He condemned the preacher's
disdain of controversy, his affected liberality in soothing rather than rousing
the just apprehensions of his heterodox and schismatical hearers, and his
indulgent compounding with the dangerous amusements of the theatre, as
quite an opposite tendency to the lessons of the holy Fathers and approved
Doctors of the Ch urch in all ages. This strong denunciation appeared in
a Pastoral, Part II., April 12, 1813, which was printed, but not published.
8. A Sermon (on Matt. ii. [i.e., xi.] 2), on Universal Benevo.
lence, containing some Reflections on Religious Persecution,
and the alleged proceedings at Nismes. Second Edit., Lond. 1816.

vo.
9. A Bust of Dr. Archer was published by P. Turnerelli, sculptor,
Lond., in 1818.
10. Portrait, engraved by Turner, from the painting by James Ramsay,

826.

Arden, Edward, Esq., of Park Hall, \Varwick, of an
ancient family and considerable fortune, was born in I 532.
His father dying during his infancy, he became ward to Sir
George Throckmorton, of Coughton Court, whose daughter he
afterwards married.
In I 583 he was indicted at vVarwick for plotting against
the Queen's life, together with his wife, his son-in-law, John
Sommerville, and Hugh Hall, a priest. He was afterwards
carried to London, and arraigned at the Guildhall, Dec. 16,
when he was condemned to die, chiefly by the evidence of
Hugh Hall, and executed at Smithfield, Dec. 20, 1583. The

58

BIHLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

other three were also condemned, as accomplices. Mr. Sommer-
ville was found strangled in prison, Dec. 19, the day before the
execution. Mrs. Arden and Hugh Hall were pardoned. There
was a great deal of mystery in this tragical story. Camden,
in his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, says: "It was generally
imputed to Leicester's malice, whose heavy displeasure Mr.
Arden had certainly incurred, and not without cause; for he
had rashly opposed him in all he could, reproach'd him as an
adulterer, and defamed him as an upstart, with other ill names,
says Echard, he had too much deserv'd."
Hence it is surmised that Hall was suborned to destroy this
unhappy gentleman, and Mr. Sommerville, a distracted person,
craftily drawn in to be a party; for, as Mr. Camden describes
him, "he was no better than a madman. In all haste he took
a journey to the Queen's Court; and breathing nothing but
blood against the Protestants, he furiously set upon one or two
by the way with his drawn sword." Dugdale also asserts that
the Earl of Leicester had a particular spleen against Mr. Arden,.
as he had often heard from sundry aged persons of credit. All
these circumstances plead strongly in favour of Mr. Arden,.
who died ., protesting his innocence of every charge, and
declaring that his only crime was the profession of the Catholic
religion.' ,
Rishton's Diary; Fr. Morris's Condition of Catholics; Dodd,.
Cll. Hist., vol. ii. p. 151; Concertatio Eccles. Angl.; Foley's
Records SJ., vol. iii. p. 800.

Arne, Michael, musician, was the son of Dr. Arne, and
was born about the year 1740. He was brought up by his
aunt, Mrs. Cibber, and showed so early a genius for music,
that at the age of ten or eleven he was able to play on the
harpsichord all the lessons of Handel and Scartatti with great
correctness and rapidity, and it was thought that even then he-
could play at sight as well as any performer living.
In 1764, in conjunction with Mrs. Buttishill. he produced at
Drury Lane Theatre the opera of "Alcmena," but it was not
very successful.
The opera of " Cymon," performed at the King's Theatre,.
brought him both profit and fame.
Shortly afterwards he became a convert to the ridiculous

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

59

folly of those who believed in the transmutation of metals and
the philosopher's stone, but, after spending all his money, he
had sufficient sense to resume his professional career, and com-
posed music for Covent Garden, Vauxhall, and Ranelagh.
As a composer, :l\Iichael did not possess that happy taste
nor that power of writing beautiful melody which were so con-
spicuous in his father. Yet there is a certain good sense
which pervades ail his works, though it must at the same time
be observed that if some of them were less complex they would
perhaps be more pleasing. Upon the whole, however, his
merits very justly entitle him to a high and distinguished rank
amongst English composers. He died in I 808.
Rose, Biog. Diet.

Arne, Thomas Augustine, Doctor of Music, was born
in London, May 28, 1710, and was the son of an upholsterer
in King Street, Covent Garden, at whose house the Indian
kings lodged in the reign of Queen Anne, as mentioned by
Addison in the Spectator (No. 50).
He was sent to Eton, where he early evinced his predilec.
tion for music; for, to the annoyance of his school-fellows, he
was constantly practising, when not engaged with his studies,
upon a miserable cracked flute.
His love for music was so great, indeed, that, after he left
Eton, as he himself stated, he was accustomed to borrow a
livery of a servant, and thus gain admittance to the gallery of
the Opera House, then appropriated to domestics. At home
he had contrived to secrete a spinet in his room, upon which,
when the family had retired to rest, he used to practise after
muffling the strings with a handkerchief.
At length his father articled him to an attorney, but even
during this servitude he devoted every moment of leisure he
could obtain to the study of music. Besides practising upon
the spinet, and studying composition by himself, he managed,
even at this time, to acquire some instructions on the violin
from Festing. Upon this instrument he made such progress,
that soon after he had abandoned the law, his father, calling
accidentally at a gentleman's house in the neighbourhood, was
astonished to find his son in the act of playing the first fiddle
in a musical party.

60

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Acknowledging the futility of contending against so powerful
an inclination, the father permitted him to receive regular
musical instructions, and his proficiency on the violin was soon
so great that he was engaged as leader of the orchestra at
Drury Lane.
On discovering that his sister had a sweet-toned voice, he
gave her such instruction as soon enabled her to sing for Lampe,
in his opera of "Amelia;" and finding her well received, he
quickly prepared a new character for her by setting Addison's
opera of" Rosamond," in which he employed his younger brother
likewise as the page.
This musical drama was first performed, March 7, I 733, at
the theatre in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, and was received with
universal applause.
He next composed music for Fielding's "Tom Thumb,"
which he got transformed into a burlesque opera in the Italian
manner, and it was performed with great success at the theatre
in the Haymarket, many members of the Royal Family being
present on the first nights of its appearance.
In 1738 Arne established his reputation as a lyric and
dramatic composer by the admirable manner in which he set
Milton's" Comus." In this he introduced a light, airy, original,
and pleasing melody, wholly different from that of Purcell or
Handel, whom all English composers had hitherto imitated.
Indeed, the melody of Arne at this time (and of his Vauxhall
songs afterwards) forms an era in English music. It was so
easy, natural, and agreeable to the whole kingdom, that it soon
had an effect upon the national taste.
In 1740 he set Mallet's masque of "Alfred," in which
4' Rule Britannia" is introduced-a song and chorus which has
been justly said to have wafted the fame of Arne over the
greater portion of the habitable world.
The same year he married IVliss Cecilia Young, a vocalist of
considerable reputation; and upon her engagement, in 1745,
at Vauxhall, he became composer for that place of amusement.
In 1742 he visited Ireland, where he remained two years;
and in 1744 was a second time engaged as composer for Drury
Lane Theatre, his previous engagement there having been in
173 6 .
In 1759 the University of Oxford conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor in. Music.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

61

The opera of "Artaxerxes," the most celebrated of his
works, was produced in I 762. It is composed in the Italian
style of that day, consisting entirely of recitative airs and
duets.. Its success was complete, and from that time almost to
the present day it has kept possession of the lyrical stage.
The opera of "Love in a Village" contains many songs by
him, and he is said to have arranged the music for per-
formance.
His latest productions were the opera of the "Fairies;" the
music to Mason's tragedies of "Elfrida" and" Caractacus ; "
additions to the music of Purcell in "King Arthur;" songs of
Shakespeare, and music for the Stratford Jubilee.
His oratorios were never successful, for it is said his con-
ceptions were not sufficiently great, nor his learning sufficiently
profound, for that species of composition.
He died of a spasmodic complaint, and was buried in the
church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. His death is thus recorded
in the diary of his friend, William Mawhood-" Thursday,
Mar. 5, 1778, Dr. Arne died this even at 5 o'clock"
He had been brought up a Catholic by his parents, and
though it has been stated that he had neglected his religious
duties, he was a constant attendant at the chapels attached to
the Sardinian and Portuguese Embassies, and composed for
the choir of the former two Masses, one in four, the other in
three parts. Charles Butler says: "The former was exquisite;
it is, what all Church music should be, solemn and impressive;
the harmony correct and simple; the melody slow and
graceful."
He died in a devout and penitent state of mind, attended
by all the consolations of religion. It is said he sang a
"hallelujah" about an hour before he expired.
The only productions of Arne which had decided and un-
equivocal success were" Comus " and" Artaxerxes," which were
produced twenty-four years from each other, though of nearly
one hundred and fifty pieces brought on the stage at the two
theatres, from the time of his composing" Rosamond" to his
death, a period of forty-five years, thirty of them at least were
set by him.
His ballads, containing an agreeable mixture of Italian,
Scotch, and English melody, have not been surpassed, and
seldom equalled.

62

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

His wife, Cecilia, was a pupil of Geminiani, and sang for the
first time in public at Drury Lane, in 1730, and was con-
sidered the first English female singer of her time. She died

bout 1795.

Rose, Biog. Diet.; Butler, Memoirs; Mawhood, Diar;', MS.

Arrowsmith, Edmund, Father S.J., martyr, was born
<it Haydock, in the parish of \Vinwick, Lancashire, 1585. His
father, Robert Arrowsmith, and many other members of the
family, were stout recusants and suffered for the faith both in
fines and imprisonment. His mother, l'rlargery Gerard, of the
ancient Lancashire Catholic family represented by the present
Lord Gerard, was a widow in I 599, in which year she was
fined for her recusancy.
The martyr was christened Bryan, but adopted the name of
Edmund which he received in confirmation.
He made his humanity studies at Douay College, and in
consequence of ill-health was ordained priest early, at Arras, in
1612, and sent to the English mission the following year.
After ten years spent in missionary labour in his native
-county, it is said that he entered the Society of Jesus in the
London Novitiate, in 1623, under the name of Edmund Brad-
shaw. At length he was basely betrayed by a young man
named Holden, and his wife, committed to Lancaster Castle,
tried at the Lancaster summer assizes 1628, found guilty of
high treason for being a priest and Jesuit, and suffered upon the
gallows, Sept. 7, 1628, aged 43.
Afore, His!. PrO'L'. Aug. SJ.
. Dodd, Ch. Hist.
. Oliver, Collec-
tallea SJ.
' Bro. Foley, Records SJ., vol. ii. and vii.; Challoller,
Memoirs.

I. A True and Exact Relation of the Death of two Catholicks,
who suffered for their religion at the Summer Assizes held at
Lancaster, 1628. 1630. 8Yo.
2. A True and Exact Relation of the Death of two Catholicks
who suffered for their Religion at the Summer Assizes, held at
Lancaster, in the Year 1628. Republished with some Additions,
<>n account of a wonderful Cure wrought by the Intercession
of one of them, F. Edmund Arrowsmith, a Priest of the Society
of Jesus, in the Person of Thomas Hawardeu, son of Caryl
Hawarden, Appleton, within Widnes in Lancashire. The death

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

63

of the generous Layman Richard Herst was not to be omitted,
that the happy Cause, which united them in their Sufferings,
may jointly preserve their Memories. Lond.1737. 8vo.
Embellished with portraits of the two martyrs.
This very rare tract was thought by Dr. Oliver to be compiled by Fr.
Cornelius Morphy, S.]., and differs considerably from the earlier relation.
Dodd doubted the admission of Fr. Arrowsmith into the Society, but Bro.
Foley, in his very ample biography of the martyr (Records S.]., vol. ii.)
produces strong, if not conclusive, evidence of the fact. The martyr's hand,
which was preserved by the Gerard family at Bryn, is still shown and held
in veneration at the chapel of St. Oswald, Ashton, Lancashire.
3. Vita et martyrium R. D. D. Edmundi Arrowsmith, an
original MS. in the valuable collection of MSS. at Oscott College, in the
volume of the Rev. Alban Butler's collection of materials for aiding Bishop
Challoner in his Memoirs of Missionary Priests.
4. Notes concerning Mr. Arrowsmith's Death, an ancient MS.,
n. 48, MSS. in Arch. Dioc. Westm.
5. On Mr. Edmund Arrowsmith, in an old hand scarce legible,
in a separate leaf in 4to, dated 16th August, 1631; copied in the
handwriting of Rev. Alban Butler in the previously referred to volume at
Oscott, entitled" Memoirs of Missionary Priests, MSS."
6. Relation of Mr. Rigby's (Arrowsmith) Martyrdom. In the
collection of MSS. of the Episcopal Archives of Southwark, p. 73.
Fr. Arrowsmith was sometimes known under the aliases of Bradshaw and
Rigby, and was, indeed, indicted at his trial in the latter name.
Most of the above MSS. are printed in Bro. Foley's Records S.]., vol. ii.
7. Recit veritable de la cruante et Tyrannie faicte en Angle.
terre a l'endroit du Pere Edmond Arosmith de la compagnie de
Jesus. Paris, 1629. 8vo. pp. 16.
8. His portrait was engraved 8vo. and published in the 1737 English
Relation, and bears the inscription, Edmundus Arrowsmith, Soc. Jesu,
Fidei odio suspensus et dissectus, Lancastriæ, 1628.
9. A picture of his execution was published by Thomas Haydock in his
Edit. of Challoner's Memoirs, Svo.

Arrowsmith, Thurstan, yeoman, of Haydock, Lanca-
shire, being convicted of recusancy, was committed by the
Earl of Derby to the gaol at Salford, March 29, 1582, where
he stoutly refused to conform to the new religion, though every
effort was made by the keeper of the prison, Robert \V orsley,
to induce him to do so. He died in prison, in I 583, other.
wise he would probably have suffered martyrdom with his
fellow-prisoner, John Finch. He was the grandfather of Fr.
Edmund Arrowsmith, the martyr, and father of Dr. Edmund
Arrowsmith.

Rec21smzt Rolls, P.R.O.,. Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.

64

BIBLIOGRAl'HICAL DICTIONARY

Arundel and Surrey, Alathea Talbot, Countess of,
was one of the three daughters and eventually sole heiress of
Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, K.G., by !iary, daughter
of his stepmother (Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John
Hardwick, of Hardwick Hall, co. Derby), by her first husband,
Sir vVilliam Cavendish, ancestor of the Dukes of Devonshire.
In 1606 she married Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, son of
the unfortunate Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, who died in
the Tower in 1595. Her husband, deprived by his father's
attainder of the honours and greatest part of the family estates,
had only the title of Lord Maltravers by courtesy during the
reign of Elizabeth, but was restored by Act of Parliament
I James I., 1603, to all such titles of honour and precedence
as his father had lost, and also to the baronies lost by the
attainder of his grandfather, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and, in
1621, he was created Earl Marshal, and Earl of Norfolk
in 1644, dying on Oct. 4, two years later.
Her ladyship survived her husband many years.
AlliboJle, Biog. Diet.; Burke, Peerage.

I. Nature emboweIled; her choicest secrets digested into
receipts, whereunto are annexed many rare and hitherto unim.
pared inventions. Lond. 1665, with portrait by Hollar.

Arundel, Mary, Countess of, was the daughter of Sir John
Arundell, of Llanherne, in Cornwall, and was first married to
Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry
Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and died Oct. 20, 1557.
Park, TValpole, Royal a1ld Noble Authors; Allib01ze, Biog.
Diet. ; Cooper, Biog. Diet.

I. Alexandri Severi Sententiæ et Res Gestæ, ex Anglico in
Sermonem Latinum versæ per Mariam Arundell et Joannum
Radcliffum. A translation from the English, MS. in the Royal Library.
2. Selectæ Sententiæ Septem Sapientum Græcorum. A trans-
lation from the Greek.
3. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristotelis, Seneca, et aliorum
Philosophorum Libris collectas.
Ded. to her father, Sir John Arundell.
4. De Stirpe et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quæ ei
portendebant Imperium.
A translation from the English,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

65

Her son, John Radcliffe, wrote: "Responsum Alexandri Severi ad
Literas Gordiani Senatoris," Reg. :\IS. 12 A, III.

Arundel and Surrey, Anne, Countec;s of, born in 1557,
was the daughter of Lord Dacres of the North, and sister
and co-heir of Thomas, the last Lord Dacre. \Vhile yet a child
she became the wife of the unfortunatc Philip, Earl of Arundel.
In 1582, or the following year, she embraced the faith to which
she was during the remainder of her life most devotedly
attached. This exposed her to great persecution, and Queen
Elizabeth caused her to be imprisoned for a year in the house
of Sir Thomas Shirley. After her husband's death, in the
T ower, in I 595, she gave herself up entirely to her religious
duties, the performance of works of charity, and the education
of her children.
In 1622 she founded the English College of the Society of
Jesus in Ghent. She died April 13, 1630, aged 72, and was
buried at Arundel.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.

I. An interesting collection of verses, produced, says Mr. Lodge (Illus.
of Brit. Hist., vol. iii.), by the" melancholy exit of her lord, which abound
with the imperfect beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong,
but untaught, poetical fancy."
2. Many letters preserved in the Howard papers, written, says Mr. Lodge,
in the best style of that time, and in a strain of unaffected piety and tender.
ness, which lets us at once into her character.
3. Portrait, painted by Vosterman, engr. by Hollar j also engr. by
Gerimia, 1806, vol. ii. Park's Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors, by
\\- alpole.

Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of, was born at Arundel
House, London, June 28, I 5 57, and was the son of Thomas,
fourth Duke of Norfolk, by the La9Y l\iary Fitzalan, daughter
and heiress of Henry, Earl of Arundel. His mother died two
months after his birth, of a puerperal fever. He was educated
at home, one of his preceptors being the famous Gregory
Martin, and he afterwards was sent to Cambridge, where he
was admitted M.A. in I 576. When aòout the age of 18 he
went to Court, where he appears to have led a rather dissolute
life. He had been married, when only twelve years old,
to Anne Dacres, eldest daughter and ultimately heir of Lord
Dacres of the North, by his wife Elizabeth Leyborne, afterwards
VOL. I. F

66

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

the third wife of the Duke of Norfolk, and whilst at Court
seems to have utterly neglected his wife. His object was
to obtain the favour of Queen Elizabeth, "which could not be
had (as was observed) by such as he, if they showed any love
for their wives." He was present at the disputations held by
Charke, Fulke, Whitaker, and others, against Fr. Campion,
and from what he heard on these occasions he was led to adopt
a better life, though he did not openly avow the change of
his religious sentiments till more than a year had elapsed,
being deterred by the rigorous laws then in force against
Catholics.
In I 583 he entertained Queen Elizabeth at Arundel Castle.
Soon after her departure, the Earl was ordered into close custody
in his own house. The next day he was examined before the
Privy Council respecting his religion and his dealings with
Çardinal Allen and Mary Queen of Scots. He made no
admissions. Two days afterwards Lord Hunsdon was sent to
interrogate him on the same subjects, and also respecting
Throckmorton's conspiracy, but he was equally unsuccessful.
After being detained three weeks, the Earl was set at liberty.
At length, in I 584, he was formally reconciled to the Church
by Fr. William vVeston, alias Edmonds,S.]. The change
which was soon observed in his demeanour and manner of life
led his enemies to suspect the truth, and he determined to
escape their machinations by quitting the kingdom. Accord-
ingly, he embarked on a ship at Littlehampton, in Sussex,
having previously addressed an eloquent letter to the Queen in
justification of the course he had taken, and disclaiming any
intention of being a traitor to her Majesty. His design,
however, had already been betrayed to the Council, and by
their oràer one Keloway boarded the Earl's ship, took him
into custody, and carried him under a strong guard to London,
arriving there April 25, 1585. He was immediately committed
to the Tower, where he remained a close prisoner until his death,
Oct. 19, 1595, which his friends attributed to poison. From the
commencement of his imprisonment his miserable life was spent
In devotional and ascetic exercises, which he practised with
great rigour. He was buried in the church of St. Peter and
Vincula within the Tower, in the grave where his father's body
rested. His interment was conducted with scant regard to his
èxalted position. The coffin cost the Queen ten shillings, and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

67

the pall thirty shillings. The chaplain deemed it a profanation
to read the Established service over the grave of a Catholic, and
therefore read some prayers which he thought fitting to the
occasion. One of them commenced as follows: "Oh! Almighty
God, who art the Judge of all the world, the Lord of life
and death, who alone hast the keys of the grave, who shuttest
and no man openeth it, who openest and no man can shut
it, we give Thee hearty thanks for that it hath pleased
Thee, in Thy mercy to us, to take this man out of the
world."

Cooþer, Biog. Dict., and Atlten. Call tab.
. Oli'l.lcr, Collections.
I. An Epistle in the Pm'son of Christ to the Faithfull SOlùe,
written first by that learned Lanspergius, and after translated
into English by one of no small fame, whose good exampJe and
sufferance and living hath and wilbe a memoriall unto his coun.
trie and posteritie for ever. Antwerp. 1595.
" An Epistle of Jesus Christ to the Faithful Soul. Trans. into English
by Lord Philip, xix. Earl of Arundel, from the work of Johann Justus,
Landsberger." Lond. 1871. 16mo.
2. Three Treatises of the Excellency and Utility of Virtue.
3. The Lives of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and of Anne
Dacres, his Wife. Edited from the Original MSS. by (H. G. F.
Howard) the Duke of Norfolk. Lond. 1857, 8vo. pp. 94-124. Lond.
cr. 8vo. 1871. .
4. The story of Philip Howard, trans. from the French of
A. F. Rio, entitled" 'rhe Four Martyrs." Lond.1858. 12mo.
5. Portrait, engr. by J. Thomson, from a painting by Zucehero, pub-
lished in Lodge's " Portraits."

Arundell, Blanche, Lady, born in 1583, was sixth
daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second l\1arquess
of \Vorcester, and became the wife of Thomas, second Lord
Arundell, of vVardour. It has been observed of her father
that " England did not possess a more discreet or faithful sub-
ject, and that if the king had been ruled by his counsels, he
might have preserved both his life and his crown." Lady
Blanche, worthy of such a Catholic father, signalized her
memory by her spirited defence of \Vardour Castle for nine
days, during the absence of her husband, against the over-
whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford
and \Villiam Strode. She ultimately delivered up the castle on
honourable terms, which were broken. The articles of capitu.
F 2

68

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

lation were signed l\Iay 8, 1643. The Parliamentary forces,
however, were soon dislodged by the resolution of her son, who
ordered a mine to be sprung under the castle, and thus sacri-
ficed that noble structure to his loyalty. She survived her
husband, who succumbed to his wounds at Oxford in l\1ay,
1643, and died at vVinchester, Oct. 28, 1649.
OHucr, CollectioJls.

Arundell, Dorothy, a.S.B., a nun in the Benedictine
Convent at Brussels, was one of the daughters of Sir John
Arundell, of Lanherne, in Cornwall. Her father, who was
commonly called the " Great Arundell," on account of the pro.
perty and influence he had inherited from his ancestors, was
imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth, in 158 I, on account of his
religion.
On July I I, 1597, six years after the worthy knight's death,
Jan. 17, 1597, his two daughters, Gertrude and Dorothy, con-
secrated themselves to God in the Benedictine Convent at
Brussels.

Oli'i'er, Collections, pp. 16 and 95.

I. Life of Fr. Cornelius, the Martyr. l\1S.

Arundell, Lord Henry, of vVardour, third Baron, was
the only son of Thomas, second Baron, by Blanche, sixth
daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second l\1arquis
of vV orcester.
During the Civil vVar his father had espoused the Royal
cause, and died of his wounds received at Reading, in 1643,
and in the same year his mother, Lady Blanche, after a spirited
defence of vVardour Castle during nine days against the over-
whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford
and vVilliam Strode, was obliged to capitulate.
Treading in the footsteps of his illustrious parents, Lord
Arundell vigorously opposed the Parliament.
On coming to the title, his wife and sons were prisoners,
and his castle in the hands of the Parliamentary forces com-
manded by Edmund Ludlow. To dislodge him, in l\1arch,
16 44, he sacrificed his castle by springing a mine under it,
and it was reduced to a ruin. The declining cause of the

OF TilE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

69

king involved him in accumulated embarrassments. He was
engaged and wounded in several battles, his estates were
sequestrated and sold, but were repurchased by Humphrey
\Veld, of Lulworth Castle, Esq., as a friend in behalf of his
lordship, and at the restoration of the monarchy he recovered
his property at the expense of 1:35,000. His wife Cecily,
daughter of Sir Henry Compton, K.B., of Brambletye, in
Sussex, and relict of Sir John Fermor, Knt., was seized, with
his children, by the rebels, and he himself was obliged to
leave the country. After the Restoration he seems to have
been in some office, though not in the l\1inistry. He was
employed by Clifford in the famous secret treaty between
Louis XIV. and Charles 11.
Such a loyalist and patriot was entitled to the grateful con-
sideration of his sovereign, but the king forgot him in the
days of his prosperity-nay, almost suffered him to become
the martyred victim of the infamous Titus Oates. On that
wretch's perjury the old peer was hurried to the Tower, in Oct.
1678, where he was joined by the other four lords, Earl Pow is,
Viscount Stafford, and Barons Petre and Belasyse. It was
during the early part of this imprisonment that he wrote a few
small poems, which were printed in 1679. The death of the
king released him from imprisonment in the sixth year of his
confinement, as Evelyn relates in his Memoirs (vol. i. p. 543).
The l\1inisters during that disgraceful period of our annals were
too cowardly to bring him to a public trial, for few men
possessed more spirit and penetration of character, few could
show such services to the Crown, or knew better the secrets of
the Cabinet. Perhaps, also, they were aware that he had pre-
pared a powerful vindication, which is still extant. King
J ames II. exerted himself to repair the abominable injustice of
his deceased brother and sovereign.
In May, 1685, he procured his discharge from bail, made
him a Privy Councillor, and finally appointed him Keeper of
the Privy Seal on March 16, 1687. But he was doomed to
sit in the Cabinet with disguised traitors, wno had plotted the
downfall of their too credulous king, to whom they had sworn
inviolable fidelity.
He survived the Revolution of 1688, and closed his
lengthened career on Dec. 28, 1694. Of this nobleman, Dr.
Oliver, in his U Collections," sums up: "He was a firm pillar to the

iO

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

commonwealth, a faithful patron of the Catholic Church, a fair
pattern to the British Court; he lived to the welfare of his
country, to the honour of his prince, and to the glory of his
God."

Oli'iJCr, Collections,. Lord Arundell, .
[S., 1820.

I. Five little Meditations in verse. (I) A Valediction to the
World, (2) Persecution no Loss, (3) On the text" God chastiseth
those whom He loves," (4) Considerations before the Crucifix,
(5) Upon the Pains of Hell. Lond. 1679, s. sh. fo1.
They were afterwards printed in "A Collection of Eighty-six Loyal Poems,"
published in 1685, by Nat. Thompson.
Several editions seem to have been published in 1679.
They do great credit to his religious feelings, and some of them to his
taste.
2. l\Iany papers preparatory to his defence when he was imprisoned in
the Tower. l\lSS. at \Vardour.

Arundell, Humphrey, Esq., third son of Sir Thomas
Arundell, of Lanherne, by Catherine, daughter and co-heiress of
John, Lord Dynham, was the Governor of St. l\1ichael's T\1ount
in the reign of Edward VI., and was lord of the manor of
Yewton Arundel and Hendre. This family was formerly
possessed of such property and influence as to have
acquired, according to Leland, the epithet of the "Great
Arundells."
Forgetful of the maxim, "non resistendo sed perferendo,"
Humphrey Arundell attempted to support the old faith by open
insurrection, termed the Devonshire rebellion, and, being taken
prisoner, was conveyed to London, where he was beheaded at
Tyburn, together with IVlessrs. Holmes, \Vinslow, and Berry,
principal actors in the same rising, either in Nov. 1549, or,
according to Dodd, Jan. 27, 1550.
Dodd, CIz. Hist.,o Oliver, Collections; Yeatmall, Hist. of tlte
Houses of Arundel.

Arundell, James Everard, tenth Baron Arundell of
Wardour, was born Nov. 3, 1785, and was educated at
Stonyhurst. He married Lady l\lary Grenville, only daughtcr
of George, first Marquis of Buckingham. He died, without

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

7 1

issue, at Rome, June 2 I, 1834, and was succeeded by his only
brother, the Hon. Henry Benedict, eleventh Lord Arundell of
\Vardour.

Oliver, Collectiolls.
I. The Hundred of Dunworth and Vale of Noddre, by James
Everard, Baron Arundell, and Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart.
Published in Sir R. C. Hoare's" History of Modern \Viltshire." Lond.
1822.

Arundell, Thomas, first Lord Arundell of \Vardour,
known by the name of the Valiant, belonged to a very ancient
family in Cornwall, and may be justly ranked amongst the
heroes of his time.
He was the son of Sir l\1atthew Arundell, of Wardour Castle,
by l\largaret, àaughter of Henry \Villoughby, of vVollaton, co.
Notts, Esq.
Thomas Arundell strongly disapproved of the new doctrines
professed by the Reformers. "He had been amongst the first,"
writes Fr. Persons, "that refused to go to the Protestant
church."
In consequence, he was committed to prison by Queen
Elizabeth in the summer of I 580.
On regaining his liberty he obtained permission to travel
abroad, and entering the Austrian service under the Archduke
l\1atthias, brother to the Emperor Rudolph II., immortalized
himself by eminent deeds of bravery against the Ottomans in
Hungary. Amongst other acts of daring, at the siege of Gran,
or Strigonium, he was the first to enter the breach, Sept. 7,
1595, to scale the walls of the citadel, to pull down, with his
own hand, the Turkish crescent, and plant the Imperial eagle
in its place. For such military prowess the Emperor created
him and his posterity Counts of the Roman Empire, Dec. 14,
1595.
In the interesting preface to "The Divine Pedagogue,"
it is said that "his very name became as dreadful to the Turks
as that of Talbot was formidable to the French."
The ncw Count returned home in the following year, and,
according to Dodd, expected that his well-earned title would
be respected in this country. But the Queen objected to its
use, and by the decision of the peers foreign titles were

7 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

declared to carry no precedence or other privilege belonging
to the English nobility. However, James I., recognizing his
merit, elevated his illustrious subject to the dignity of the peer-
age, by the style and title of Baron Arundell of \Vardour,
May 4, 1605. Yet Charles I. commenced his reign by dis-
arming the gallant hero, because he was a Catholic, though he
had proved his loyalty in the reign of Elizabeth by subscribing
handsomely towards repeì1ing the Spanish armada, in which
noble effort of national defence the English Catholics were as
conspicuous as their Protestant brethren.
Lord Arundell died Nov. 7, 1639, at the venerable age
of 79.
His .portrait, taken by Vandyke, four years before his death,
may be seen at \Vardour. He was twice married; first, to
Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Southampton, a staunch
Catholic; and, secondly, to Ann Phillipson, who died June 28,
16 37.
It was to the latter that Miles Carr, alias Pinkney, dedicated
his translation of " The Draught of Eternity," by Camus, Bishop
of Bellay.
Oliver, Collectiolls; Dodd, CIt. Hist.

Arundell, Thomas, second Lord, of vVardour, succeeded
his heroic father in 1639. At the beginning of the troubles
between Charles I. and his Parliament, the factious House of
Commons, in Nov. 164 I, issued directions to secure the person
of Lord ArundelJ, but he escaped apprehension; and when the
Royal standard was unfurled at Nottingham, Aug. 22, J: 642,
his lordship raised a regiment of horse, and bravely maintained
the cause of his unfortunate sovereign.
He was shot in the thigh, probably at Reading, and died of
his wounds in his l\1ajesty's garrison at Oxford, May 19, 1643,
aged 56. He was buried with great pomp at Tisbury, in \Vilt-
shire, the ancient burial-place of the Arundells. The statement
that the wounds of which he died were received at the battle
of Lansdown must be erroneous, as that engagement took place
Ju]y 5, 16 43.

Oliver, Collectiolls" Lord Anmdcll's Letters, April II,
1820.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

73

Ashbey, Thomas, a gentleman, executed at Tyburn,
March 19, 1544, for refusing to submit to the king's eccle-
siastical supremacy.
Dodd, Ch. His!.

Ashby, George, O.S.B., a monk of the Monastery of
Gervaux, who, being found amongst those who rose in defence
of the monasteries, was executed at Lancaster, l\'larch 10,
1537.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.,o Stow, Chronicles.

Ashe, Thomas, divine, was received in the English College,
Douay, May 29, 1592, and having been ordained priest left for
the English mission, ] an. I, I 593. He is referred to in Gee's
list of Priests and ] esuits in and about London, in 1624, and is
described as "F. Ash, a ] esuite, an old man." His subsequent
history is not recorded.
Douay Diari'es,o Gee, Foot out of the Snare, 1624.
I. A Letter of a Catholicke Man (subscribing himself T. A.),
including another of P. Coton, Priest, of the Society of Jesus, to
the Queene Regent of France. Translated out of French.
Touching the imputation of the death of Hen. the IV., late King
of France, to Priests, Jesuits, or Catholicke Doctrine. Dc-uay,
1610. 8vo.

Ashley, Ralph, Temporal Coadjutor S.]., and martyr,
appears to have been at one time cook at Douay College, which
he left in 1590. He seems then to have gone to Valladolid, and
there entered the Society at the English College S.]. He re-
turned to England in 1598 and served Fr. Oldcorne, S.]., for
eight years. He was seized in 1606 and committed to the
Tower of London, and after most cruel torturing on the rack,
was remanded to Worcester with Fr. Oldcorne, where he was
tried and convicted at the Lent Assizes, 1606, and both were
executed together at Red Hill, outside the city, April 7, in that
year.
Foley, Records SJ.

Ashton, Roger, Esq., was probably the third son of
Richard Ashton, of Croston, co. Lancaster, Esq., by Anne,

74

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

daughter of Sir Robert Hesketh, of Rufford. This ancient
family always retained the faith, and suffered much in con-
sequence. The Croston Ashtons entered Lancashire temp

Henry VI., by the marriage of Thomas Ashton with Alice,
daughter and heiress of William Lea, of 'Croston, and ter-
minated, temp. Car. II., in two co.heiresses, who carried the
estate into the families of Trafford of Trafford, and Hesketh of
Aughton. Roger Ashton was executed at Tyburn, June 23,
I 59 I, for procuring a dispensation from Rome to marry his
second cousin, and for entertaining missionary priests.
The editor of Cardinal AIlen's ,. Defence of the Surrender of
Deventer" says that Elizabeth kept back the weightier charges
which she had to urge, of which there is a glimpse in the
evidence taken in connection with Sir \ViIliam Stanley's
surrender.
Roger had an uncle of the same name, who died in
Scotland.

HeJI'i.uood, Allell's Defence of the Surrender of De'iXlltcr; Dodd,
Ch. Hisl.; Slow, Chrollicles.

I. Copia d'una lettera scritta all' illustriss Cardinal
d'Inghilterra con la risposta del medesimo. 1588. 8vo.
The original letter in English, signed R. A., is prefixed to Card. Allen's
"Defence of the Surrender of Daventrie." Antwerp, 1587, 8vo. It was
trans. into French and Latin.

Aske, Anthony, a Yorkshire gentleman, was apprehended
in Holden parish, about Michaelmas, 1587, for recusancy, and
being brought before the President of the Council at York, was
committed to the Castle close prisoner, where he sickened and
died, Feb. 5, 1587, and was buried behind the Castle waIl.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.; J.Jforris, Troubles, Third Series.

Aske, Robert, a gentleman of considerable fortune and of
great influence in the North of England, was the nominal com-
mander (the real leaders appear to have concealed their identity)
of an army of thirty thousand men who rose in defence of the
monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII. in 1536.
They also objected to the heresy which had been imported
into the kingdom. They required that heretical books should

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

7S

be suppressed, and that beretical bishops, and temporal men of
their sect, should either be punished according to law, or try
their quarrel with them by battle; that the statutes of uses,
and treason of wards, with those which abolished the Papal
authority, bastardized the Princess l\1ary, suppressed the mo-
nasteries, and gave to the king the tenths and first-fruits of
benefices, should be repealed; that Cromwell, the vicar-general,
Audeley, the chancellor, and Rich, the attorney-general, should
be punished as subverters of the law, and maintainers of
heresy; that Lee and Layton, the visitors of the northern
monasteries, should be prosecuted for extortion, peculation, and
other abominable acts; that no man, residing north of the
Trent, should be compelled by subpæna to appear at any
court but at York, unless in matters of allegiance; and that a
parliament should be shortly held in some convenient place, as
at Nottingham or York. At length Henry, after negotiations,
alarmed at the threatening attitude of the country, offered, and
the insurgents accepted, an unlimited pardon, with an under.
standing that their grievances should be shortly and patiently
discussed in the parliament to be assembled at York.
Aske accordingly disbanded his army. But the king, freed
from his apprehensions, neglected to redeem his promise.
\Yithin two months the insurgents were again under arms, but
the Duke of Norfolk had in the meantime collected a more
numerous force in the heart of the country, and was able to in-
tercept their communications, and to defeat all their measures.
They failed in two successive attempts to surprise Hull and
Carlisle. Aske, and most of the leaders, were taken, and were
hanged by scores at London, York, Hull, and Carlisle. Robert
Aske was executed at Y or k, in J un e, I 5 37.
Lingard, His!. of EJlg.; Dodd, CIt. His!.

Askew, John, priest, was educated at the English College,
Rome, and having received Orders, was sent upon the mission
in the month of May, 1579.
He was the first missioner sent into England from that
college. The records observe, that fifty-two missioners had been
sent from Douay before its removal to Rheims, and ten from
Rheims, before the College at Rome was established.
Dodd, CIt. His!.; Roman Diary, Records S J., vol. vi.

7 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Astley, William, a gentleman volunteer, was killed in
165 I at the battle of Wigan Lane, in Lancashire, fighting in
defence of the Royal cause. He was probably the younger
brother of Thomas Astley, of Stakes, gent.
CastlemaÏ1z, Cath. Apology.

Aston, Sir Arthur, a noted general in the army of
Charles I., was the son of Sir Arthur Aston, of Fulham, in
Middlesex, who was the second son of Sir Thomas Aston of
Aston, in Bucklow Hundred, co. Chester, an ancient and
knightly family. He was a great traveller, and engaged in
several campaigns in foreign countries, in which he acquired a
military knowledge which he subsequently turned to account in
his own country, and earned a brilliant reputation by his
services to the Royal cause during the Civil \Vars.
At the first breaking out, he offered his service to King
Charles, but was rejected, his IVlajesty alleging that the cry of
Popery already ran so high against him, that it would certainly
inflame matters if he admitted so many persons of that com-
munion. Afterwards, it is said, Sir Arthur, by way of trial,
made the same offer to Sir Thomas Fairfax, the Parliamentary
general, who immediately accepted it.
Charles being made acquainted with this, at once sent for
Sir Arthur, and not only granted him a commission, but gave
a general invitation to all Catholics to join him. Sir Arthur
maintained in the field the high reputation he had obtained on
the Continent, and showed his capabilities as a general at the
battle of Edgehill, Oct. 23, 1642, when he commanded the
dragoons. His gallantry on this occasion recommended him
so highly to the king, that he appointed him governor of
Reading, in Berkshire, a town without any regular fortifications,
and commissary-general of the horse, in which post he thrice
repulsed the Earl of Essex, who, at the head of the Parlia.
mentary army, laid siege to that town.
The garrison consisted of about 3,000 infantry and 3 00
horse, and the besiegers numbered 16,000 foot and 3,000
.hors
.
Sir Arthur being dangerously wounded and disabled, Col.
Fielding assumed the command, and was obliged to surrender
after a siege of twelve days.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

77

Afterwards Sir Arthur was made governor of Oxford, where
bis leg was amputated to prevent mortification through a
wound he had received.
This misfortune rendered him unserviceable for some time.
After the execution of the king, when the Royal cause was
past recovery in England, Sir Arthur carried the flower of
the English veterans over into Ireland, and receiving the ap-
pointment of governor of Drogheda, made a noble stand
against Oliver Cromwell when that town was stormed in
16 49.
The garrison consisted of about 3,500, mostly English-
men belonging to the late king's army, who were all put to the
sword, together with the inhabitants, women and children, only
about thirty persons escaping the general massacre. These,
with several hundred Irish, were shipped off to serve as slaves
in the island of Barbadoes, which, the author of the Church
History assures us, he had frequently heard from Capt. Edmund
Molyneux, one of their number, who died at St. Germains
many years afterwards, where he had followed the unfortunate
James II. in 1688.
As for Sir Arthur Aston, the governor, he was cut to pieces
and his brains dashed out with his wooden leg during the mas-
sacre, which occurred about the 10th of August, 1649.
Such was the fate of this brave soldier. He left behind him
a daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of l\lr. Thompson. His fidelity
to the Royal cause has been unjustly questioned by Clarendon.
Wood says that he was created doctor of physic, l\1ay I,
16 4 1 .

Dodd, Clt. His!.; TVood, A tit. OXOll.; Lingard, Hist. Ellg.;
Clarcndon, H ist.

Aston, Catharine, Lady, was the daughter of Sir Thomas
Gage, of Firles, Bart., and became the second wife of 'Valter,
third Lord Aston. She survived her husband, and died at
Standon Lordship in 1720.
Clifford, Tixall Poetry.

I. Tixall Poetry (Poems collected by the Right Honourable
Lady Aston), with Notes and Illustrations by Arthur Clifford, Esq.
Edin, 1813. 4to.

7 8

DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Aston, Herbert, Hon., poet, was born at CheJsea, III
16 I 4, and was the third son of \Valter, first Lord Aston of
Forfar.
In 1635 he accompanied his father on his second embassy
to :Madrid ; and, after his return in 1638, married Catherine,
sister of Sir John Thimelby, of Irnham.
His residence, which he erected on the Aston estate in
Staffordshire, he named Bellamore, "in regard it was finished
by ye benevolence and affection of his friends."
His son Herbert, who assumed the name of Barrett, was
admitted into the English College, Rome, Sept. 29, 166 9,
and left, to return to England, May 2, 1672. In 1684, how-
ever, he went to St. Orner's College, and was admitted into
the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in that year, after which
all trace of him is lost.
His daughter Catherine became a nun at the Augustinian
Convent at Louvain, where she was professed Aug. 19, 1668.
Clifford, Tixall Poetry J. Foley, Records Sf., vols. vi. and vii.
I. Tixall Poetry (collected by the Hon. Herbert Aston, 1658);
with Notes and Illustrations by Arthur Clifford, Esq. Edin.
1813, 4to.

Aston, Walter, first Lord of Forfar, was the eldest son
and heir of Sir Edward Aston, of TixalI, co. Stafford, Knt., by
Anne, only daughter of Sir Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, co.
vVarwick, Knt.
He was born at Tixall about 1580, and his father dying
during his minority, he was given in ward to Sir Edward Coke,
afterwards Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench,
who looked after his education with great care.
Soon after his coming of age he was created a Knight of the
Bath at the coronation of James 1.; and when the baronetage
was created by that monarch in 1611, Sir \Valter was one of
the first to receive the new honour. He became very popular
at Court, and was particularly esteemed by the all-powerful
Duke of Buckingham, who was the occasion of his appoint.
ment as joint ambassador, in 161 9, with Sir John Digby, Earl
of Bristol, to the Court of Spain, to make the delicate and
difficult proposal of a marriage between Charles, Prince of
vVales, and the Infanta, daughter of Philip III. .

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

79

He remained in Spain, as ambassador, during most of the
time spent in negotiating that mysterious treaty; and after the
decease of James I., in 1625, he returned to England, and was
created, by letters patent dated Nov. 28, 1627, Baron Aston
of Forfar, in the kingdom of Scotland.
I t was whilst he was engaged on this mission that he was
reconciled to the Church, for he had been brought up a Pro-
testant, in which profession his mother's family, the Lucys,
had been singularly zealous.
It is worthy of note that it was his grandfather, Sir Thomas
Lucy, who, according to tradition, prosecuted Shakespeare for
deer-stalking in his park.
In 1635 he was again sent to Spain as sole ambassador,
and this time he remained there three years. He returned to
England in 1638, and died in the following year, and was
buried in S1. Mary's church, Stafford.
His marriage with Gertruèe, daughter and heiress of Sir
Thomas Sadler, of Standon Lordship, near \-Vare, in Hertford.
shire, and granddaughter of Sir Ralph Sadler, Knight-Ban-
neret, brought extensive estates into the Aston family.
The expenses connected with his embassies to Spain seriously
impaired his large fortune. and reduced his estate of about
J; 18,000 a year, from lands in the counties of Stafford, Derby,
and Leicester, to a very small revenue, considering his position.
He maintained a good character, and exhibited a respectful
and grateful regard for his patron, the Duke of Buckingham,
when that great statesman was attacked by his enemies.
In early youth he had imbibed a decided taste for literature
and poetry, and was the patron of Drayton, who dedicated to
him, in I 598, his epistle of the "Black Prince," and, in his
" Polyolbion," thus acknowledges his patron's favours :-

Trent by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat,
\Vhich oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat.

Clifford, Tixall Poetry,. Dodd, Ch. His!.

I. Portrait, in Sir Thos. Clifford's" Hist. Description of the Parish of
Tixall," Paris, 1817.

Aston, Walter, second Lord Aston of Forfar, was son
of vValter, first Lord Aston. He was a zealous supporter of
the Royal cause during the Civil War, and was joint governor of

80

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Litchfield with Sir Thomas Tyldesley, Knt., which they sur-
rendered by orders, in 1646, after a gallant defence against the
rebels during a siege of sixteen weeks.
Lord Aston lived afterwards under the hard fate of seques-
tration, until the Restoration in 1660. He died April 23, 1678,
aged 69.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.

Aston, Walter, third Baron Aston of Forfar, was the son
and heir of the second Lord Aston, whom he succeeded in
1678. He married, first, Eleanor, youngest daughter of Sir
Walter Blount, of Soddington, Bart., and by her had three sons
and two daughters. His second wife was Catharine, daughter
of Sir Thomas Gage, of Firles, Bart. He died Nov. 14, 1714,
aged 8 I, and was buried at Stand on Lordship, the ancient seat
of the Sadlers.
During the reign of James II. he was lord-lieutenant of
the county of Stafford, and in Nov. 1688, when the Prince of
Orange landed, Lord Aston and Lord !\1:olyneux threw them-
selves into Chester to preserve it for the king. A number of
Lancashire gentlemen, Thomas Tyldesley (the diarist), the
Stanleys, and others, supported him in this attempt.
His fourth son, Charles Aston, captain of a company of
Greenwich Pensioners, was slain at the battle of the Boyne in
1690. Lord Aston resided chiefly at Tixall.
Dodd, Ch. His!.; J{irk, Biog. ColI, l1IS., Archieþis. Archives
IVest1Jl.; Tyldesley Diary.
I. Tixall Letters; or, Correspondence of the Aston Family
and their Friends, during the 17th Century. Edited by Arthur
Clifford, Esq. Lond. 1815, 2 vols. I2mo.

Aston, Walter, fourth Baron, was the third son of
Walter, third Lord Aston, and his wife Eleanor Blount, and
was born in 1664. His two elder brothers dying unmarried,
be succeeded his father, and resided chiefly at Standon Lord-
ship, which had devolved to his grandfather on the death of
his maternal uncle, Ralph Sadler.
The severity of the penal laws, together with the obloquy
which had fallen on the followers of the ancient faith, which

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

81

he professed, compelled him, like his father, to live in privacy
and retirement. But these untoward circumstances did not
prevent him, in the calm majesty of private life, "from exer-
cising all the virtues which can adorn and ennoble such a
station."
He married Mary, only daughter of Lord Thomas Howard,
and sister of Thomas and Edward, eighth and ninth Dukes of
Norfolk, by whom he had eleven children. He died April 4,
1748, and was buried at Stand on. Lady Aston died 1\lay 23,
1733, in childbed of her eleventh child.
His second son, James, was born in 1725, and June 20,
1742, married, at Standon, Lady Barbara Talbot, daughter of
George, Earl of Shrewsbury.
His elder brother, Walter, being dead, he succeeded to the
title and estates of his father in 1748, but only enjoyed them
a short time, dying Aug. 20, 175 I, of the small-pox, which he
caught in attending the funeral of a friend at Stafford. Lord
J ames was remarkable for his good-humour and easy temper,
and for his affability and condescension to all sorts of people.
At his death without male issue, his estates devolved on his two
daughters, Mary and Barbara. The former married Sir \Valter
Blount, Bart., and was unfortunately burnt to death at the
house of her son, 1\1r. George Blount, in 1804.
The latter, Barbara, married the Hon. Thomas Clifford,
younger son of Hugh, third Lord Clifford, and died of the
small-pox in 1786.
Soon after the marriages of the Aston heiresses, Standon
Lordship, in the county of Herts, was sold: Bellamore went to
the Blounts, and Tixall to the Cliffords.
Some time after the death of Lord Aston, it is supposed
about 1755, Standon Lordship was let for a school for the
education of the sons of the Catholic nobility and gentry, and
the Rev. Richard Kendal was appointed the President.
About the year 1765, or perhaps a little later, the mansion
and estate were sold, and the school was therefore transferred
for a short period to Hare Street, not far from Braughin in the
same county; but the accommodation proving extremely inade-
quate, Bishop James Talbot purchased the house and farm of
Old Hall Green, about two miles from Puckeridge; and after
making many improvements and additions to the building, it
was opened as a school in Oct. 1769, under the superintend-
VOL. I, G

2

BIBLIOG RAl'HICAL DICTION AR Y

ence of the Rev. James \Villacy. It is now known as St.
Edmund's College, Old Hall Green.

I{t"rk, Biog. ColI., 1115., Archiepis. Archives, Ires/m.,. G-illow,
Cath. Schools Ùl Ellg. from the so-called Reformotioll to thc
Restoration of the Hierarclry in 1850, papcr read at thc Man-
chester Catlt. Club, Nov. 24, 1880.

I" The Restauration of King Charles II., or the Life and
Death of Oliver Cromwell. An histori.tragi-comi ballad opera [in
three acts, in prose and verse]. Lond. 1732" 8vo.

Aston, William, Father S.J., son of Edward Aston and
his wife Ann Bayley, was born in London, April 22, 1735. He
was educated at St. Orner's College, entered the Society in
175 I, and was professed of the four vows in 1769. In 176 I
he was teaching poetry at St. Orner's College, and in the
following year, when the colleges of St. Omer and of Watten
were seized by an order of the Parliament of Paris, about 140
scholars were conducted, in the summer of 1762, to Bruges,
and distributed in two houses which were rented for the
purpose, called Le Gouvernment and l'Hôtel d' Argile. Fr.
Aston was appointed Superior of the Little School, as it was
called, while Fr. Stanley was Rector of the other. One of the
best houses in Bruges was afterwards purchased, an additional
building was erected, and in a short time Fr. Aston's Little
School became a very important establishment. On the
suppression of the Society in Aug. 1773, Fr. Aston's" Little"
or Preparatory School was seized by the Austro-Belgic Junta,
and he was conveyed a prisoner, with his companions, to the
College of the Flemish Jesuits, where he remained about fifteen
days. He was then taken, together with Frs. Angier and
Plowden, to Ghent. After eight months' confinement, Lord
Henry Arundell procured their release, l\'Iay 25, 1774.
A few years later Fr. Aston opened a school at Liège, and
the Prince Bishop conferred upon him a canonry in the Collegiate
Church of St. John.
He died there, rvlarch 15, 1800.

Oli7/cr, Collcctanea S.].
. Folc}', Records SJ.
. Kz"rk, Biog. ColI.,
MS.. Arclziepis. Arclzi'Z'es, IVestm.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

8'"
.)

I. Compte rendu au public des Comptes rendus aux: divers
Parlemens et autres cours superieures precédé d'une réponse
décisive aux: imputations dont on a char
e les Jesuites, leur
regime et leur institute A Paris. Chez les libraires associés.
1765, 2 vols. 8vo. This work was written by the Abbé D'Azais.
2. He also wrote for Reviews and Journals, and published Lettres
IDtramontaines, and Le Cosmopolite.

Atchison, William C., schoolmaster, was born in Sept.
1804, and was educated at St. Edmund's College, Old Hall
Green, Herts, where he taught for four or five years. About
1843, he left the College and opened 2 I \Voodstock Street,
New Bond Street, as a Catholic Collegiate and Commercial
School. It does not appear to have been a very successful
undertaking, and in Dec. 1849, or the beginning- of the
following year, he left England for Melbourne, Australia, where
he died on the anniversary of his birth, in Sept. 1870,
aged 66.
Cath. Director)',. The Tablet.

I. The Schoolmaster Vindicated.
2. On the Jesuits, their Institute, Doctrines, &c. Translated
from the French of the Rev. La Croix de Ravignan, of the
Society of Jesus. Lond. 1844. 8vo.
A spirited and accurate translation.

Atkins,William, Father S.J., a native of Cambridgeshire,
born 1601, entered the Society of Jesus in 1629, being already
a priest. He was sent to the English mission in 163 I, and
was always employed in the Lancashire and Staffordshire
districts.
He was at Wolverhampton at the period of the Oates Plot,
1678-9, and became one of its most noted victims. He was
then nearly 80 years of age, had been for six years completely
paralysed, bed-ridden, nearly speechless, and perfectly deaf. In
this condition he was dragged from his bed, carried off to
Stafford Gaol, eleven miles distant, indicted at the ensuing
assizes for high treason, convicted and condemned to death.
\tVhen the crier of the court succeeded, by shouting in his
ear, to make him understand his sentence, he summoned all his
strength and distinctly said to the judge, "Most noble Lord
Judge, I return you my warmest thanks," The capital sentence
G2

84

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

was deferred on account of the impossibility of executing it,
and the venerable confessor remained in prison until death
released him, 1\1arch 17, 168 I, aged 80.
ONvcr, Collectmlea SJ. J' Records SJ. J. Challoller, .lIfellloirs J.
Dodd, Ck. His!.

Atkinson, James, a layman, most cruelly tortured in the
Tower of London to oblige him to accuse his master, and other
Catholics and priests, and kept so long in the torture, that he
was at length taken away for dead, after many hours' suffering,
and, in effect, died within two hours, in Lent, 1595.
ChatlOller, Memoirs.

Atkinson, Matthew, Paul of St. Francis, O.S.F., was
a native of Yorkshire, and entered into the Order of St.
Francis in the English convent at Douay, Dec. 27, 1673, being
then I 7 years of age.
He was sent to the English mission in 1687, labouring with
great zeal until he was apprehended, about 1699, for being a
priest, and was condemned to perpetual imprisonment. He was
sent to Hurst Castle, where he was confined, and remained a
constant and pious confessor of Christ for thirty years, until his
death, which occurred on Oct. 15, 1729.
The following lines were inscribed on his grave-stone in the
cemetery of St. James's, Winchester, the burial-place of many
Catholics: "Paulus Atkinson, Franciscanus, qui 15 Oct. 1729,
ætat. 76, in Castro de Hurst, vitam finivit, postquam ibidem
30 peregerat annos."
Challoller, Memoz'rs J. OIÙ/er, Collections J. Granger, Biog.
Diet.

I. Portrait, Paul Atkinson, rete 77, an etching, was published in 4to. ;
another, The Reverend Paul Atkinson, an English Franciscan,
ret. 73, condemned to perpetual Imprisonment in 1700, now in
Hurst Castle, 1728, dressed in the habit of his Order, appears to have
been published the year before his death.

Atkinson, Nicholas, priest and martyr, is said by Dodd
to have been educated at Douay, but as he does not appear in
the College Diaries this statement is probably incorrect. It is
probable that he was a 1\1arian priest or friar, and may be

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

85

identified with "Fr. Ninny Atkinson," an old priest, referred to
in a list of priests sent to Burleigh, by the Earl of Huntingdon,
dated Jan. 20, 1593 (Dom. Eliz., vol. xxxii. n, 64).
In other respects Dodd's account is confirmed by" Lady
Babthorpe's Recollections," printed in the Troubles of our
Catholic Forefathers by Fr. l\/[orris. Her account is as
follows :-" There was a good Priest, one Mr. Atkinson, in our
country (Yorkshire), who lived long in doing great service to
God, taking great pains in serving the poor, which, without such
pains, could not have had those helps and comforts that
they stood in need of in these times. For divers years he
travelled afoot, enduring all weathers, and many times when
he had had a weary and wet day, the house to which he went
could not receive him in, but that he must stay in some out-
house or corner, he being both wet and cold, and in time of
frost and snow, to such times as the owners of the houses could
for their safety receive him in. This he used so long, that in
a great frost he got a fall and broke hi:; leg, in the cure of
which he suffered much, lighting on an evil surgeon; yet after
his recovery he used his former charity and pains, but not able
to travel afoot much, had a horse to help him. God showed
wonderful signs at this man's taking and imprisonment; but
what they were I know not well, for I was then in this country,
but from York Castle you might have. the certainty. One
thing was that his irons fell off his legs when the keeper had
fastened them on. This being reported, the Lord Sheffield,
who was then President (of the North), sent for the keeper to
know if it were true, who confessed the truth. Another charity
the good man used, was that when he came to poor folks'
houses, he would not let them be at any charge, but both found
himself meat and them, and gave them money too. So that
what he received of those that were able he bestowed on the
poor."
Dodd states that he was indicted for receiving Orders by
authority of the See of Rome, and for refusing to take the
oath of allegiance. He suffered at York in 16 I o.
Dodd, Clt. His!.,. Morris, Troubles, First Sen'es.

Atkinson, Richard, D.D., was a native of Ripley, York.
shire, and was elected from Eton to King's College, Cambridge,

86

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

in 1527. He was B.A. 1530, l\1.A. 1535, B.D. 1542, D.D.
1545, Lady l\iargaret Preacher in the latter year, and rector of
Stour-Provost, Dorsetshire, in 1546. He was also rector of
Woodchurch, Kent. On Oct. 24, 1553, he was ejected Provost
of King's College. He was one of those learned divines dis-
patched by Cambridge University, in April 1554, to Oxford,
in order to dispute with Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer. He
was incorporated D.D. there, and died of the plague when on
a journey to survey the College lands, about Sept. I 556.
Dodd, Ch. Hisl.,. Cooper, A tho Cmztab.

I. Commentarium in priOl'em epistolam ad Corinthios. MS.
in the library of Canterbury Cathedral.

Atkinson, Thomas, priest and martyr, was born in the East
Riding of Yorkshire, and was ordained priest at Rheims in 1588,
and sent the same year upon the mission in his native county.
After twenty-eight years' arduous labours he was apprehended
at l\1r. Vavasour's, of \VilIitoft, and carried prisoner with that
gentleman and his wife and children to the city of York, where
he was tried and condemned for being a priest, and was hanged,
drawn, and quartered, l\Iarch I I, 1615-16.
Challoller, fl:lemoirs.

1. His Life, in Latin, was printed at Douay in 1617.

Atslowe, Edward, M.D., was educated at \Vinchester
and New College, Oxford. Having proceeded l\1.A. and
been elected a Fellow of his College, he was created Doctor of
Physic, Aug. 22, 1562, in the house of Dr. Henry Baylie,
situated in High Street, leading to the Quadrivium, by Dr.
Thomas Francis and Dr. Baylie, by virtue of a commission
directed to them by Convocation. He was one of four they
created, three of whom were doctors of medicine, on account
of their appointment by the Convocation to dispute before
Queen Elizabeth, when she was entertained by the University
in the beginning of September of this year. The date of Dr.
Atslowe's admission as a Fellow of the College of Physicians
is not recorded, but it must have been at some period be-
tween 1565 and 1569. He was Censor in 1569-7 I, Elect

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

87

in the following year, and aiso Consiliarius in that and the year
15 8 3.
He was married at Stoke Newington, Nov. 2, 1573, to Frances
Wingfield, and was dead on l\lay 28, 1594, when his place of
Elect was filled by the election of Dr. Christopher Johnson, a _
distinguished vVykehamist.
Dr. Atslowe was a zealous Catholic, and warmly attached to
the cause of the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots. He
suffered imprisonment on a charge of designing means for her
escape, and in a letter of Thomas Morgan to the Queen of
Scots his sufferings are thus referred to :-" I hear that Dr.
Atslow was racked twice, almost to death, in the Tower, about
the Earl of Arundell his matters, and intention to depart
England." The Earl, who died in 1595, settled an annuity
on the Doctor's widow.
In all probability the effects of his tortures were the cause
of his death, the exact date of which has not been recorded.
His brother, Luke Atslowe, M.A., also a Fellow of New
College, Oxford, was deprived in the first year of Queen
Elizabeth for refusing to conform to the new religion.
Mltllk, Roll of tlte Royal ColI. of P Izysicialls,o Dodd, Cft. Hz'st.

Aungell, John, Fellow of Michael-house, and also of
King's College, Cambridge, at the dissolution of those houses
had annual pensions of;[2 13s. 4d. and;C2 4S. 4cf. respectively,
ùf which he was in receipt in 1555.
He was a singularly zealous and learned divine, and was
appointed by Queen l\lary one of her chaplains. She also
presented him to the mastership of the hospital of St. Katha-
rine, Bedminster, co. Somerset, Sept. 24, I 5 57. The date of
his death is not recorded.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.,o Cooper, A tltell. Cmztab.
I. The Agreement of the holy Fathers and Doctors of the
Churche upon the chief est articles of the Christian Religion.
Lond., William Harforde, 1555, 16mo. Black letter; contains cap. 4, in
eights.
Ded. to" Q. Marye, wyfe to Philip." It concerns the real presence of
Christ's body and blood in the Blessed Sacrament.

Austin, John, lawyer, was a native of Walpole, in Norfolk,
and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he

88

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

was cotemporary with John Sergeant. He became a Catholic
about 1640, and left the University with the intention of em-
bracing the profession of the law, and accordingly entered
himself at Lincoln's Inn.
Later, he became tutor for some time in the family of vValter
Fowler, Esq., of S1. Thomas's, Staffordshire, the representative
of an ancient Catholic family.
From thence he returned to London, and lived in private
lodgings, dying in Bow Street, Covent Garden, in 1669.
He was interred in the parish church of St. Paul.
Austin was highly regarded in his profession, and was
endowed with exceptional talents and accomplishments.
He was considered a master of the English language, and
his writings in his day were greatly esteemed for their style.
His time was wholly devoted to books and literary pursuits,
and he had the advantage of the intimate friendship of such
men as Thomas Blount, the antiquary; the learned Franciscan,
Francis St. Clare (Christopher Davenport); John Sergeant,
John Belson, K eightley, and many other literary men of dis-
tinction, who assisted one another in their writings.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. J" "IYood, Athell. 0.1:011.; Butler, Memoirs of
Ellg. Calk.

I. A zealous Sermon, preached at Amsterdam by a Jew,
whose name is Not-Rub: it being a Hebrew word, you must
read his name backward. Text: Hee that hath eares to heare,
let him heare. Amsterdam, 1642, 4to. Though bearing the impress of
Amsterdam, the work was really printed in London. It is a satire on
J. Burton and his companions.
2. A letter from a Cavalier in Yorkshire to a Friend.
3" The Christian Moderator; or, Persecution for Religion
condemned by the light of Nature, by the law of God, the
evidence of our own principles: but not by the practice of our
Commissioners for Sequestrations. In four Parts. Lond. 1652,
4to.; again, Lond. 1653, 4to.
In this work, published under the pseudonym of \Villiam Birchley, he
frequently disclaims the doctrine of the Pope's deposing power.
4. The Catholiques Plea; or, an Explanation of the Roman
Catholick Belief. Concerning their Church, Manner of Worship,
Justification, Civill Governement. Together with a Catalogue
of all the Pænall Statutes against Popish Recusants. All which
is humbly submitted to serious consideration. By a Catholick
Gentleman. Lond., printed for H. F. 1659. ISmo.
On p. 52 the pseudonym \Vill. Birchley appears, but the postscript at the

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

89

end of the work is signed \ViII. Birkley. The pagination is irregular.
Title, 1 leaf; pp. 1-86, 15-5z, and postscript, 1 leaf. A catalogue of the
priests executed" since the year 164-1" appears on p. 24, and a short list of
prisoners for the Faith who died in the common gaol at Newgate, on p. 25.
Several cases are given of Recusants tried at Haberdashers' Hall.
s. Reflections upon the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance;
or, the Christian Moderator, the Fourth Part. Bya Catholick
Gentleman, an obedient son of the Church, and loyal subject of
his Majesty. Lond.1661.
6. A punctual Answer to Doctor John Tillotson's book called
"The Rule of Faith." This was left unfinished, only six sheets being
printed.
The Archbishop of Canterbury's work, "Rule of Faith; or, an Answer
to the Treatise of Mr. J. S. (Sergeant), entitled Sure Footing, &c.," was
published Lond. 1666. Izmo.
7. Devotions. First Part: In the Ancient Way of Offices.
With Psalms, Hymns, and Prayers; for every Day in the Week,
and every Holiday in the Year.
This the author lived to see published.
Second Edition, roan, 167z, Izmo.; title, 1 leaf; ded. To the Hon. H. F.
Esq., 5 leaves; directions, 8 leaves; pp. 450. Edited by Rev. J no. Sergeant.
Third Edition, roan, 1684, sm. 8vo. ; title, 1 leaf; directions, pp. I z; pp.
583. Roan, 1685, sm. 8vo.: "Devotions in the Ancient "Vay of Offices, con-
taining exercises for every Day in the \Veek, and every Holiday in the Year.
By Mr. John Austin. A new edition. Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell & Son.
Sold by J. P. Coghlan, London, and D. Downie, Edinburgh, 1789. 8vo.;
title, preface, &c., pp. viii., pp. 555. The preface contains the life of the
author, apparently extracted from Dodd.
Dr. George Hickes, Dean of Worcester, published an edition in 1701,
12mo., adapted to the English Church by Mrs. Susannah Hopton, the pre-
face being written by Dr. Hickes. "The Harmony of the Gospels digested
into one history with suitable meditations and prayers. Done originally by
the author of the Devotions (John Austin) published by Dr. Hickes. Re-
fonned and improved by J. Bonnie." 1705, 8vo, Other Protestant editions
appeared in 1712, Izmo.; 1717 (best edition), 8vo.; 1730, Izmo., with frontis-
piece; Edinburgh, 1765, Izmo. ; and it has been frequently reprinted, under
the title of Hickes's Devotions, and according to Lowndes is a stock book.
8. Devotions. Second Part. The Four Gospels in one, broken
into Lessons, with Responsories. To be used with the Offices.
Printed Anno Domini 1675. Izmo.; title, I leaf; advertisement, 3 leaves;
table, I leaf; pp. 466 ; errata, I leaf.
This was a posthumous work, and is said by Dodd to have been printed
at Paris in z vols., 1675. If so, one vol. would be the First Part. The prayers
are said to have been added by the author's friend Keightley. It is divided
into short chapters, with a verse and prayer at the end of each. The prayers
gave rise to offence under the impression that they favoured Blackloe's
doctrine concerning the middle state of souls, and on account of this the
work was not republished. Charles Butler was of opinion that it might be
reprinted with advantage.

90

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

9, Devotions. Third Part. MS. never printed. I t is stated in the
Second Part, 1675, that the Third, "consisting of Prayers for an occasions
framed by an intimate friend according to his (Austin's) directions, and over-
looked by himself, waits yet an opportunity of coming forth."
10. Several Pamphlets published anonymously during the Usurpation,
chiefly written to expose the state of the Refonned Churches under the
assembly of their divines at \Vestminster. This assembly first met in the
year 1643, by appointment of both Houses of Parliament. It was a medley
of about 120 representatives of various sects, including Episcopalians, under
Bishop Usher; Presbyterians, headed by Dr. Gouge, of Cambridge, and
Dr. Twisse, of Oxford; and Independents, under Sympson, Nye, &c.
Several Covenanters were permitted to sit amongst them, with the Earl of
Pembroke, apparently to represent the Lords, and Mr. Seldon, as the repre-
sentative of the Commons. They drew up a plan of religion, which was
published in a catechism and' directory, intended to be used instead of the
Book of Common Prayer. But they very soon disagreed amongst them-
selves, dwindled away, and expired when Cromwell dissolved the Rump
Parliament.

Austin, Lewis à Sancta Clara, O.S.F., a friar of the
Convent at Douay, died at Paris in 1679.
Dodd, Cft. Hist.,o Oliver, Collections.
I. The Goade of Divine Love. Douay, 1642.
Translated from St. Bonaventure's "Stimulus Divini Amoris." The
translator dedicated it, June 20, 1642, to the Very Rev. George Perrot, "our
most loving, prudent, and provident provinciall."

Avery, Richard, was a Catholic bookseller, &c., in \Vood
Street, London, in 1624.
Gee, Foot out of the Snare.

Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic, O.P., D.D., was
the third son of Thomas Aylward, of Leeds, by l\lary, daughter
of 11r. Braime and relict of l\lr. Yates. He was born at Leeds,
April 4, 1813, and was educated at Hinckley, where he was
ordained priest, June 24, 1836. He assisted in the school at
Hinckley, supplying at N uneaton, and was instituted Provincial
in 1850. He became President of the school, and continued
so until it was discontinued in Dec. 1852.
In I 854 he was appointed first Prior of \V oodchester, and
taught moral theology there. In 1862 he went to Kentish
Town, and thence to Newcastle-on- Tyne, and was again elected
Provincial in 1866. Three years later he removed to London,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

9 1

and thence returned to Woodchester, and subsequently to
Hinckley, where he died Oct. 5, r 872, aged 60, and was buried
in the cloister-yard at Woodchester.
Palmer, Obit. Notices of the Domillicans.
I. A Novena for the Holy Season of Advent by way of pre.
paration for the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
consisting of Prophecies, Anthems, &c., gathered from the
Roman Missal and Breviary; set to Gregorian Chants, from a
copy printed at Turin. Ad usum Ecclesiasticorum in choro
psallentium. With an English Translation. Derby, r849, 16mo.,
PP.43.
2. Manual of the Brothers and Sisters of the Third Order of
Penance of St. Dominick. Lond. 1852, 16mo., pp. 146. Second Edition,
1871.
3. The Daily Manual of the Third Order of St. Dominick in
Latin and English, arranged and newly translated. Dublin, 1855,
12mo. ; Dublin, 1862, 12mo., pp. 312.
4. The Dominican Tertiary's Guide, the second vol. ; containing
the Little Office of Our Lady, Office of the Dead, and Little Office of St.
Dominic; the last of which did not appear in the Manual, and the first two
are revised. 1866. 16mo.
5. The Life of the B.V. St. Catherine of Sienna. Drawn out
of all them that had written it from the beginning; and written
in Italian by the Rev. Fr. Dr. Caterinus Senensis, and now trans.
lated into English out of the same Doctor by John Fen, Priest
and Confessor to the English Nuns at Louvain. 1609; re-edited with
preface by Fr. Aylward. Lond. 1867. 8vo.
6. The Inner Life of the Very Rev. père Lacordaire, O.P.
Translated from the French of the Rev. Père Chocarne, O.P.,
with the Author's permission, by a Religious of the same Order.
With Preface by the Very Rev. Fr. Aylward. Dublin, 1867, 8vo. ;
1878, 8vo. A nun at Stone made the translation.
7. An essay" On the Mystical Element in Religion, and on
Ancient and Modern Spiritism," delivered in London, was published
in "Essays on Religion and Literature by Various \Vriters." Edited by
Cardinal Manning. Lond. 1865, 8vo.; 3rd series, 1874, 8vo.
8. He contributed to the Catholic W ee
ly Instructor translations of
Church Hymns, &c., in verse, which have been reprinted by
Ir. Orby
Shipley. He also wrote" Easter Thoughts" in verse, a fragment from an
unpublished poem, which appeared in the Monthly Magazine, April, 1873.

Ayray, James, Alban à St. Agatha, O.S.F., may
possibly have belonged to the Lancashire family of that name,
who suffered repeated fines for their recusancy from the days of
Elizabeth to the reign of George 1. He was educated at the
Franciscan convent at Douay, and was chosen the chronologist

9 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

of the Franciscan Province at the Congregation held in London,
Oct. I I, 1675, the fathers being requested to send him all
their documen ts.
During the reign of James II. he was chaplain and preacher
in ordinary to his Excellency the Spanish Ambassador, and his
eloquence 'was held in high esteem. Dr. Oliver thinks that he
ended his days in England early in the year 1705.
Oli,,'er, Collections; Kirk, Biog. ColI. MS.
I. A Sermon (on J'ohn i.19) preached at WeIde House in the
Spanish Ambassador's Chapel. Lond. 1686. 8vo.
2. A Sermon delivered at WeIde House, London, on the
third Sunday in Advent, Dec. 12, 1686. Lond. 1686. 8vo.
3. A Sermon (on John x. 16) preached before the Queen
Dowager in her chapel at Somerset House, April 10, 1687. Lond.
1687. 4to.
4. Other Sermons were probably published.

Ayray, Martin, D.D., a native of \Vestmoreland, was
educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Afterwards, declaring
himself a Catholic, he left the university and entered the
English College, Douay, in J 575, where he was ordained priest
two years later.
On the establishment of the English College at Rome, Mr.
Ayray was one of the first students sent from the College at
Rheims, and took the lead, with Richard Haydock, in the
opposition to the president, Dr. Clenock, in favour of the
] esuits. He was sent to the English mission in 1580, where,
about five years later, he was thrown into prison for exercising
his ministry, and was banished the country in J 586. This gave
him an opportunity of making further progress in the study of
divinity, and in a few years he took the degree of D.D.
During the controversy between the archpriest, Blackwell, and
the appellant clergy, Dr. Ayray was employed at Rome against
the latter. Afterwards, through the interest of Fr. Persons, he
was made residentiary, or chaplain, to the factory of St.
Lucar's, in Spain, in the place of Dr. Stillington. He was
living at St. Lucar's in the year 1602.
Dodd, Clt. His!.

I. He was probably an anonymous contributor to the controversy between
the archpriest and the appellant clergy.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

93

Babington, Anthony, Esq., of Dethick, in Derbyshire,
was descended from a very ancient family, allied with some of
the best families in the counties of Derby, Nottingham, and York.
He was the eldest son and heir of Henry Babington, who was
twice married; first to Mary, daughter of George, Lord Darcy;
and second, to a daughter of Sir John Markham. The Babing-
tons possessed very extensive estates, but their chief house was
at Dethick, in a wild part of Derbyshire, not far from Sheffield,
Chatsworth, and \Vinfield, where :Mary Queen of Scots was
confined, and with whose history Babington's name is so un-
fortunately connected. \Vhile still a very young man, probably
not more than twenty, he became the leader of a little band of
youths, zealous like himself for the faith, and fancying that they
saw the means of restoring it in England by procuring the
liberation of the Queen of Scots and the assassination of Queen
Elizabeth. In the prosecution of this design he was greatly
encouraged by Ballard, a renegade priest, and other emissaries
of Walsingham, who, of course, was acquainted, day by day, with
their proceedings, and had watched them from the very beginning,
until, when the proper time arrived, he seized the whole party.
Babington for a long while eluded the pursuit, in a place of
concealment in St. John's \Vood, until, compelled by hunger,
he repaired to l''1r. Bellamy's house at Harrow-on-the-Hill.
Here he was taken, and the proof being manifest, he had no
defence to make, and received sentence of death as a traitor.
He was executed Sept. 20, 1586, and on that and the following
day thirteen other persons implicated in the same conspiracy
were also executed. On the 7th Feb. following, the Queen of
Scots herself suffered death, the most fatal charge against her
being the cognizance and countenance which she yielded to
Babington and his accomplices.
The elder Disraeli has made the undertaking of this band of
gallant but misguided youths the subject of one of the notices
in his Curiosities of Literature.
Babington was married, but had no children. Sir vValter
Raleigh had the good fortune to obtain the grant of his lands.
Dodd, Cll. Hist.
. LÙzgard, His!. of Ellg.,. Rose, Biog. Diet.
I. The Censure of a Loyall SUbject: upon certaine noted
speach and behaviours of those fourteen Traitors (Anthony
Babington and others) at their executions, etc. [1587] 4to. By G. W.

94

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Babington, Francis, D.D., a native of Leicestershire,
matriculated as a pensioner of Christ's College, Cambridge,
in Nov. 1544, and proceeded B.A. 1548-9. On l\1arch 20,
1550-1, he was admitted a foundation Fellow of St. John's
College, in the same university. He commenced l\1.A. in
I 5 52. About that time he became a Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford. It is therefore probable that \Vood is
mistaken in stating that he took that degree at Oxford, July 16,
1554. On April 18, 1557, he ".as elected one of the proctors
of the latter university; and on the 6th Nov. in the same
year he was admitted to the vicarage of Aldworth, Berkshire,
on the presentation of the l\12ster and Fellows of St. John's
College, Cambridge.
It must therefore be assumed that he was allowed to hold
his fellowship there whilst serving the proctorship at Oxford.
On the 27th of the same month he was instituted to the
rectory of Adstock, Bucks, and in the course of the year had
the rectory of Sherrington, in the same county. He proceeded
B.D. at Oxford, July 9, 1558. On the accession of Elizabeth
he professed Protestant opinions; and on Sept. 5, 1559, was
admitted l\'Iaster of Balliol College by the Queen's Commis-
sioners for the Visitation of the University of Oxford, wherein,
on Dec. 9 following, he took the degree of D.D. About this
time he resigned the rectory of Adstock, and obtained that of
lViiddleton Keynes, also in Buckinghamshire. On May 2 I,
I 560, he ".as appointed Commissary or Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Oxford; and in August following was elected
rector of Lincoln College, holding with his headship the
annexed benefice of Twyford, Bucks. Dr. Babington was one
of the chaplains to Lord Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of
Leicester, and when his wife Amy Robsart was buried at
St. l\Iary's at Oxford, preached the funeral discourse. The
story goes that he tripped once or twice in a peculiar manner
by recommending to his auditors the virtues of that lady "so
pitifully murdered" instead of "so pitifully slain." Towards the
close of I 560 he was elected Lady l\1argaret Professor of Divinity
at Oxford. \Vhen in the following year the d
anery of Christ
Church became vacant by the resignation of George Carew, it
was supposed Dr. Babington would succeed to that important
dignity. The sincerity of his conversion to Protestantism was,
however, suspected, and the deanery was conferred upon

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

95

Thomas Sampson. Dr. Babington gave up the Vice.Chan-
cellorship of Oxford in 1Ylichaelmas term, 1562, and soon
afterwards relinquished his professorship. In I 563 he resigned
the office of rector of Lincoln College, and in I 565 he was
deprived of all his benefices as a concealed papist. He then
retired abroad, and, it is said, died in I 569.
Cooþer, Athell. Cantab.,. TVood, Athell. OZOll.,. Dodd, Cft. His:.
I. A Catalogue of the Proctors of the University of Oxford,
MS., goes under his name, but it is uncertain that he was the compiler.

Babthorpe, Grace, Lady, a nun of the Augustinian con-
vent at Louvain, was the daughter and heiress of vVilliam
Bernand, Recorder of York in I 573, and wife of Sir Ralph
Babthorpe, of Babthorpe, in Yorkshire.
Some time after her marriage she was brought up before
the Lord President of the North, at York, for refusing to con.
form to the new church, and in consequence was imprisoned,
with several other ladies of title, for nearly two years, in the
old castle of Sherif[ Hutton, in Yorkshire. At length, after
many persecutions, she and her husband sought refuge on the
Continent.
After Sir Ralph's death she entered the convent of St.
Monica, Louvain, and was professed in the year 162 I, at the
same time with her grandchild, Frances, daughter of Sir
'Villiam Babthorpe. She died in 1635. Fr. 1\'Iorris has
given a very interesting account of the Babthorpes of Bab-
thorpe, and Lady Babthorpe's Recollections, in the first series
of his Troll bles.
1I10rris, Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, First Series.
I. Another narration of the Lady Babthorpe, now Professed
Religious of St. Augustine's Order in St. Monica's, at Louvain.
MS. Archiepiscopal Archives of \Vestminster (Douay Papers on tne Martyrs,
p. 260), printed in Fr. Morris's Troubles. Apparently a sequel to other
notes by Lady Babthorpe which have not been preselVed.
2. Sister Grace Babthorpe. Consisting of passages from the
Chronicle of St, Monica, MS., St. Augustine's Priory, Abbotsleigh.

Bacon, Nathaniel, Father S.J., alias Southwell,
was a younger son of Thomas Bacon, Esq., of Norfolk, and
was born in 1598-9.

9 6

.BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

After studying at St. Orner's, he proceeded with his brothers,
John and Thomas, to the English College, Rome, where he
was ordained priest in 1622, and was sent upon the English
mission. He entered the Society of ] esus shortly after his
arrival in England, and subsequently he returned to Rome,
and held several offices in the English College. He was then
chosen secretary to the General of the Society in Rome, and
so great was his industry and talent for business, that four
succeeding Generals retained his services in that capacity for
more than twenty years.
On his retirement in 1668, he applied himself to the great
work of revising and re-editing, with copious additions, the
well-known Bibli
theca Scriptorum, S.]., and after that his
book of Meditations. He died at the Gesù, Rome, Dec. 2,
1676, aged 78.

Rccords, SJ.,o Oli'i}er, Collecta71ea, S.j.

1. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu opus inchoatum a
R. P. Petro Ribadeneira ejusdem Societatis 'rheologo, anno
salutis 1602. Continuatum a R. P. Philippo Alegambe ex eadem
Societate, usque ad annum 1642. Recognitum et productum ad
annum Jubilæi 1675 a Nathanaele Sotvello, ejusdem Societatis
Presbytero. Romæ, 1676, fo1. title, ded., preface, &c., xxxvi. pp.; text,
982 pp. ; errata, &c., I leaf.
This is a compilation truly admirable for research, accuracy, elegance,
piety, and charity.
2. A Journal of Meditations for Every Day in the Year,
gathered out of divers authors. MS. in Latin, which he permitted
Fr. Edw. Mico, alias Harvey, to translate into English and publish with
considerable additions. Lond. 1669. 8vo. pp. 488. It has since passed
through many editions.

Bacon, Thomas, Father S.J., alias Southwell, was
the son of Thomas Bacon, Esq., and Elizabeth his wife, and
was born at Sculthorp, near \Valsingham, in Norfolk, in 1592.
Having studied at St. Orner's College, he entered the English
College, Rome, in 16 I 0, under the assumed name of Southwell.
He joined the] esuits in 1613, and was Professor of Theology
at Liège for eight years, and was once Vice-Rector of that
college. His great qualifications gained for him a high
reputation, and he exhibited considerable powers in con-
troversy, but in the full maturity of age and genius he was

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

97

snatched away from his brethren at vVatten, Dec. 11, 1637,
aged 45.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. J . Oliver, Collectallea S.J'J. Records S.J.;
S outkwell, Bibl. S criþt. Societe Jeslt.
I. Vindicæ pro Nicolao Smithæo. Leodii, 1631.
2. Regula viva seu Analysis Fidei in Dei per Ecclesiam nos
docentis auctoritatem. Antyerpiæ, 1638. 4to.
3. Comment. in prim. part. S. Thomæ. MS. Prepared ready for
the press.

Baddeley, Thomas, Rev., was educated and ordained at
Oscott, and succeeded to the mission of Cresswell, near Cheadle,
in Staffordshire, in 18 I 5, where a handsome Gothic chapel was
erected by the Earl of Shrewsbury in the following year.
Shortly afterwards Mr. Baddeley established a seminary for
ecclesiastical students, of whom several received Holy Orders.
His zeal in the performance of his missionary duties, together
with the heavy charge of conducting this establishment) occa.
sioned such a decline in his health as to induce Dr. Milner,
in 1819, to send Mr. \Varing to his assistance. By his inde-
fatigable labours in the discharge of his duties and his anxious
zeal to provide for the missionary wants of the district to which
he was attached, this truly good and amiable ecclesiastic brought
himself to an early grave.
He died at Cresswell, Feb. 18, I823, in the 36th year of his
age.
An attempt was made, in I 834. to re.establish a school at
Cresswell by the Rev. J. Dunne.
Calk. M iscel., vol. ii. pp. 65 and I 17 ; Catk. Mag.) vol. v. p. 600.
I. A Sure Way to find out the True Religion, in a Conversa-
tion between a Father and his Son. .Manchester, J. A. Robinson.
1822. 18mo.
This work was very favourably reviewed at the time, and was held in
estimation for several years afterwards.

Badeley, Edward, Q.C., F.S.A., was educated at
Oxford, where he took his degree of l\LA., after which he ,vas
entered at the Inner Temple, was admitted to the Bar, and
subsequently became Queen's Counsel.
He zealously followed the Tractarian movement, and was
professionally engaged in several of the most important cases
VOL. I. II

9 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

arising out of that movement. He was one of the counsel for
the Bishop of Exeter in the Gorham appeal to the Queen in
Council, which commenced Dec. I I, I 849, and was decided on
the 8th of the following March. His name also appears with
those of Archdeacons Manning, Wilberforce, and Thorp, W. H.
Mill, Pusey, Keble, Dodsworth, W. J. E. Bennett, H. W. Wilber-
force, and others, who afterwards solemnly protested against
the decision of the Court relative to baptism being no doctrine
of the Protestant Church.
Shortly afterwards, in 1852, Mr. Badeley found that he could
no longer remain a member of the Established Church, and from
the time of his conversion until his death his energies were
devoted to the cause of the Catholic Church. He died a
bachelor, March 29, 1868, in the 65th year of his age.
Cardinal Newman dedicates his volume of Poems to l\ir.
Badeley, and also refers to him in the "Apologia." He was
one of the Cardinal's counsel in the Achilli case.

BrOWlle, Tractarian Movement.
I. Substance of a Speech delivered before the Judicial Com-
mittee of the Privy Council, the 17th and 18th of Dec. 1849,
upon an Appeal in a cause between G. C. Gorham, Clerk, and
the Bishop of Exeter. With an Introduction. Land. 1850. 8vo.
2. Some Examination of a recently published Opinion of
Ed ward Badeley (here reprinted) in favour of Altar Lights. By
a Layman, late Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge, being a Supple.
ment to a Tract entitled Lights on the Altar, by the same Author.
Land. 1851. 8vo.
3. Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister. To which is
appended a Speech by Edward Badeley. By E. B. Pusey, D.D.
4. The Privilege of Religious Confessions in English Courts
of Justice considered in a letter to a Frieud.
5. Case of the Altar Lights at Falmouth. Reprint of a Legal
Opinion (given by Edward Badeley), published in The Morning
Chronicle, April 1851. Land. (1866.) 16mo.

Baggs, Charles Michael, D.D., Vicar-Apostolic of the
Western District, was the eldest son of Charles Baggs, Esq.,
by Eleanor, daughter of John Howard Kyan, of Mount
Howard, co. vVicklow, Esq., and was born May 2 I, 1806, in
the county of Meath, Ireland. His father was a Protestant
barrister, and acting Judge-Advocate of Demerara, who in-
tended to bring up his son for the legal profession, but a
reverse of fortune, and his sudden death in 1820, induced the

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

99

Catholic mother to withdraw her son, in June of that year, from
l\fr. King's Protestant academy at Englefield Green, Berks, and
to place him, first at Sedgley Park for a year, and afterwards at
St. Edmund's, Old Hall.
He was sent by his superiors to the English College, Rome,
in the spring of 1825, where he passed a distinguished academic
career, and was ordained priest in 1830; anå so rapidly did he
rise in the estimation of all around him, that he was appointed
Vice-Rector, and subsequently, in 1840, Rector of the College.
Gregory XVI. made him an honorary chamberlain shortly
afterwards.
On the death of Dr. Baines, V.A, of the \Vestern District,
Dr. Baggs was appointed to succeed him, and was consecrated
by the title of Bishop of Pella, in St. Gregory's Church, Rome,
Jan. 28, 1844. But the English climate was too severe for
his delicate constitution, enfeebled by long residence in Italy.
His health and strength rapidly gave way, and he expired, at
Prior Park, Oct. 16, J 845, and was buried, near the remains of
his predecessor, Dr. Baines, in the college church.
In consequence of the breaking up of the college at Prior
Park, his remains were removed to a vault in lVlidford
Chapel.

BradJl, Episc. Succession / Oliver, Collectiolls.

I. A Letter addressed to the Rev. R. Burgess, B.D., the Pro-
testant Chaplain in Rome (in reference to his work entitled
"Greece and the Levant," and other of his writings). Rome, 1836.
8vo. Trans. into Italian by Dr. Baggs himself, Roma, 1836. 8vo. pp. 135.
2. A Discourse (on Matt. xvi. 18, 19) on the Supremacy of the
Roman Pontiff, delivered in the Church of Gesù et Maria, in the
Corso, Rome, on Sunday, Feb. 7, 1836. Rome, 1836. 8vo. Ded. to
Cardinal \Veld. Trans. into Italian by Augusto Garafolini, Tipographia
delle Belle Arti.
3. The Pa.pal Chapel described and illustrated from History
and Antiquity. Rome, 1839. 8vo. pp. 44, with folding frontispiece of
the Chapel. Ded. to Cardinal Acton.
4. The Ceremonies of Holy Week at the Vatican and St. John
Laterans, described and illustrated from History and Antiquities;
with an account of the Armenian Mass at Rome, on Holy Satur-
day, and the Ceremonies of the Holy Week at Jerusalem. Rome,
1839. 8vo. Ded. to Hugh Clifford (afterwards Lord Clifford). Reprinted
Rome, 1854. 8vo.
5. The Pontifical Mass, sung at St. Peter's Church on Easter
Sunday, on the Festival of SSe Peter and Paul, and Christmas
H2

100

BIBLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

Day, described and illustrated; with a Dissertation on Ecclesi--
astical Vestments. Rome, 1840. 8vo. Ded. Cardinal James Giustiniani,.
Bishop of Albano, and Protector of the English College.
6. Funeral Oration delivered at the solemn obsequies of the
Lady Guendaline Talbot, Princess Borghese, in St. Charles'
Church, in the Corso, on Dec. 23, 1840. Rome, 1841. 8vo.
7. Dissertazione sul sisterna Teologico degli Anglicani detti
Puseyisti. Estratto dagli Annali delle Scienze religiose. Rome,
1842. 8vo., PP.35. Read in the Academia di Religione Cattolica, at Rome,-
June 30, 18";2 ; published in the Annali, vol. xv., No. 43.
8. Dissertazione sullo Stato Odierno della Chiesa Anglicana.
Estratto dagli Annali della Scienze Religiose. Rome, 1843. 8vo.
p. 28. Published in the Annali, vol. xvii., No. 49.
9. "Remarks on a Discourse delivered by Bishop Baggs in the Catholic
Church of Penzance," 1844, 12mo. 1845.
10. Portrait, the Right Rev. Dr. Charles Michael Baggs"
Bishop of Pella, and Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District
of England. Died Oct. 16, 1845, aged 39. Published with a memoir,.
"Cath. Directory," 185 I. 8vo.

Bagshaw, Christopher, D.D., descended from a family
of that name at Ridge, or Abney, in Derbyshire, was educated
at Oxford, where, in 1572, he was admitted probationer Fellow
of Balliol College, and was much noticed on account of his
promising abilities. About 1579 he was chosen Principal or
Vice-Principal of Gloucester Hall; but three years later, becom-
ing a Catholic, he threw up all his preferments, and retired
abroad. After a short stay in France, he travelled to Rome,
and applied himself to the study of divinity in the English
College. He received his degree of D.D. in one of the univer-
sities of Italy, and then, returning to England, laboured with
great zeal and application as a missioner, until he was seized
and committed prisoner to Wisbeach Castle, where he is found
in 1593, with several other priests. Not long afterwards he
obtained his release and returned to the Continent, where he
was employed by the clergy, especially in Rome, in the matter
connected with the Archpriest. The remainder of his life was
mostly spent in Paris, where he is supposed to have died soon
after 1625, at a very advanced age.
Dr. Bagshaw was a good Grecian scholar, and a skilful contro.
versialist in matters of religion, evidenced in the conferences he
and his colleague, Dr. Stephens, held in 1612 with Dr. Featley,
chaplain to the English ambassador at Paris, in the presence of
Lord Clifford, Sir Edward Somerset, and other distinguished men.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

101

Dr. Featley, in his work entitled "Transubstantiation Ex-
;ploded," published in 1638, pays a tribute to his adversaries
in these words: "I had not as then spent so much time in
-the study of controversies, as I thought requisite for one who
'was to encounter with vcteralli lIlilites."
He was antagonistic to Father Persons in the unfortunate
disputes between the Jesuits and Seculars, and wrote several
\vorks touching these matters.
Dodd, Cft. Hist.
I. Relatio compendiosa Turbarum., quas Jesuitæ Angli, una
cum D. Georgio Blackwello, Archipresbytero, Sacerdotibus
Semïnariorum., Populoque Catholico concivere, ob Schismatis et
aliorum criminum invidiam illis injuriose impactam, Sacro
Sanctæ Inquisitionis officio exhibita; ut rerum veritate cognita
ab integerrimis ejusdem judicibus lites et causæ discutiantur
et terminentur. Rothomagi, 1601, 4to., 51 leaves. This work contains
. several important letters in the \Visbeach Controversy (for an outline of
which vide George Blackwell), the last of which, dated London, Nov. 4,
is from Charnock.
2. A True Relation of the faction begun at Wisbich, by Fa.
Edmonds, alz"as Weston, a Jesuite, 1595, and continued since by
the Jesuits in England, and by Fa. Parsons in Rome, wIth their
adherents: Against us the Secular Priests, their brethren and
fellow-prisoners, that disliked of novelties, and thought it dis.
honourable to the auncient Ecclesiasticall Discipline of the
Catholicke Church, that Secular Priests should be governed by
Jesuits. Newly Imprinted. 1601. 4to., pp. 90.
In order to obtain a clear understanding of the relations existing between
- the Seculars and the Jesuits at this time, it will be necessary to read the
principal works which were pubìished in the \Visbeach Controversy, for it
was in the prison at \Visbeach that the differences arose. Those who have
'not an opportunity of consulting the original works, Constable's" Specimen
of Amendments," or "Dodd's Apology," may with advantage consult
-Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii., and Bro. Foley's" Records S.}.," vol. i.
The work under notice, The True Relation, breaks off suddenly through
fear, the author says, of a search. Though this may be literally true,
this statement may also have been made in answer to the charge of the
_ Jesuits that the books of the Appellants were printed and issued with the
connivance, if not assistance, of Bancroft, Bishop of London, and the
,Council. That such was the case with \Vatson's books is most probable.
3. An Answer of M. Doctor Bagshaw to certayne poyntes of
a libell called An Apologie of the Subordination in England.
Paris (1601), 8vo., written in answer to Persons' work and added to Dr.
Ely's reply. 'A Sparing Discovery" has been ascribed to Bagshaw, but
. that work was by \Villiam \Vatson. For the Wisbeach Controversy vide
.J. Bennett, \V4 Bishop, Geo. Blackwell, T. Bluet, A. Champney, J. Colleton,
T. Lister,-S.J., J. Mush, &c.

102

BIBLI"pGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Bagshaw, Robert Sigebert, O.S.B., was born in
Derbyshire, and was a scholar of Nicholas Garlick, the martyr,
at the school at Tideswell.
He went to Douay in 158 I, five years later was ordained
priest, and in Jan. 1589 was sent to the mission in England.
After some years he joined the Benedictines, and is stated to
have been aggregated to the Abbey of vVestminster. The date
of his profession is not recorded, but it was whilst serving the
mission in England. He afterwards proceeded to Rome, and
was Procurator for the Old English Congregation. He was
one of the nine definitors appointed to arrange the union of the
three Benedictine Congregations in 1617. He was Prior of-
S1. Edmund's l\ionastery at Paris from 1621 to 1629, and was
President-General of his brethren from 1630 until his death, at
Douay, Aug. 19,1633.
S1l0W, Belled. Necrology J. Challoller, .1J1"emoirs.
I. Relati on of the Death of Nicholas Garlick, priest, at Derby,
in 1588. MS.
2. A number of his letters are preserved at Downside.

Bailey, one, of Holborn, bookseller, &c" is mentioned by
Gee in 1 624.
Gee, Foot out of the Sllare.

Bailey, Thomas, D.D., was the fourth and youngest son
of Lewis Bailey, Bishop of Bangor (author of the famous work
entitled the " Practice of Piety"), and was educated at Cam-
bridge, where he was held in much esteem. In the latter part
of 1638 he was made Sub-Dean of Wells, but during the Civil
vVar, in 1644, he retired to Oxford, and resuming his studies
proceeded in degrees, and was created a doctor in divinity.
He was a vigorous assertor of the King's cause, and attended
his Majesty in the field, having the satisfaction to be present
in Raglan Castle when Charles was entertained there by the
Marquis of Worcester, after the fatal battle of Naseby in 1646.
After the king's departure he remained at Raglan until the
castle was surrendered, Aug. 16, in the same year, and it was
he who drew up the articles of capitulation.
Through the influence and with the assistance of the Marquis.

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

10 3

of Worcester, he was enabled to make a tour through Flanders
and France, and see in practice the principles of the Catholic
religion which he had for some time thoroughly considered,
and the consequence was his conversion.
After his return to England he employed his pen during the
Cromwellian usurpation in exposing the Parliamentary schemes,
and the authorship being suspected he was thrown into prison
in N ewgate, where, notwithstanding, he persisted as far as he
dare in the same course. It was during this confinement that
he wrote the "Herba Parietis; or, the vVall-flower," in allu-
sion to the walls of his prison. Having at length succeeded
in procuring his release, he once more went abroad, and pro-
ceeded to Italy, where he was entertained by Cardinal Otto-
boni, at that time the Pope's nuncio at Ferrara, in whose
household he remained for some time, and died shortly before
the restoration of Charles II. Dr. Bailey was a man of un.
doubted learning, of whicb his works are evidence.
Dodd, Cft. Hist.

I. Certamen Religiosum, or a Conference between Charles,
King of England, and Henry, late Marquess and Earl of Wor.
cester, concerning Religion; at his Majesties being at Ragland
Castle, 1646. Lond. 1649. 8vo.; other editions, 1651 and 1652. 4to.
Dr. Heylin, Christopher Cartwright, and Haman L'Estrange suspect his
fidelity in the account of this conference, but Dr. Bailey defends himself
in the preface to the " Herba Parietis," in which he infonns us that he was
present at the conference, and that the arguments are drawn up with justice
to both sides.
Their works are: "Animadversions on Certamen Religiosum," &c., pub-
lished by Peter Heylin in his epistle to the Bibliotheca Regia, printed in the
years 1647, 1650, and 1659.
" A Vindication of the Protestant Religion against the Marquis of vV or-
cester's last Papers. By Christopher Cartwright." Lond. 1651. 4to.
" An Answer to the Marquis of \Vorcester's last Paper to the late King,
together with some considerations upon Dr. Bayley's Parenthetical Interlocu-
tion. By Haman L'Estrange." Lond. 16.s1. 8vo.
2. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by God Himself,
and collected out of His Holy Word in both Testaments. A
Treatise wherein is proved that Episcopacy is Jure Divino.
Lond. 1649. I2mo. \Vith portrait of Charles II. by Van Hove. Reprinted
1656, 1680, and 1682. 4to. It was for this work he was committed to
Newgate.
3. Herba Parietis; or, the Wall-flower, as it grew out of the
Stone. Chamber belonging to the Metropolitan prison of London,
called N ewgate, being a history which is partly true, partly

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

romantic, morally divine. Whereby a marriage between reality
and fancy is solemnised by Divinity. Written by T. B. whilst he
was a prisoner there. Lond. 1650, foL with frontispiece.
4. An End to Controversie between the Roman Catholique and
the Protestant Religions justified by all the severall manner of
wayes whereby all kind of controversies are determined. Douay,
1654. 4to. Ded. to the Right Rev. and Right Hon. \Valter Montague,
Lord Abbot of Nanteul. Against which Dr. Heylin wrote his "Ecclesia
Vindicata; or, the Church of England justified." Lond. 1657.
5. The Life and Death of that renowned John Fisher, Bishop
of Rochester; comprising the highest and hidden Transactions
of Church and State in the Reign of Henry the 8th, with divers
Morall, Historicall, and Politicall Animadversions upon Cardinal
Wolsey, Sir Thomas Moor, Martin Luther, with a full relation of
Queen Katharine's Divorce. Carefully selected from severall
ancient Records, by Tho. Bailey, D.D. Lond. 1655. 12mo., with
portrait of Fisher by R. Vaughan.
Another edition was published by Tho. Meighan, 1739, Izmo., with por-
trait; and the third by Meighan, 1740, 12mo., with portrait. The latter
edition varies somewhat from the original. The will of Henry VIII. is
translated into English. It was again printed 1835. 12mo.
This work was in reality written by Dr. Richard Hall, who died at St.
Orner in 1604. After his death the MS. came into the possession of the
Benedictines at Dieulward, and a Mr. \Vest obtained a copy of it, which he
presented to Franciscus à St. Clare (alias Fris. Davenport), a learned Fran-
ciscan, by whom it was bestowed upon Sir \Vingfield Bodenham, who lent
it to Dr. Bailey. After reading it he took a copy of it, and sold it to a book-
seller, who took the liberty, it is presumed, to publish it with Dr. Bailey's
name.
6. Dr. Bailey's Challenge.
Against this. appeared" Answer to Doctor Bailie's Challenge: Opus im-
perfectum. By Rob. Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln." Referred to in his
Life by Isaac \Valton in 1678.

Baily, Laurence, martyr, a Lancashire Catholic yeoman,
was apprehended for having aided and assisted a priest who
had fallen into the hands of the pursuivants and had made
his escape from them. For this offence he was cast into
prison, where he endured great suffering with much patience
and constancy, until, being brought to trial, he was condemned
to die as in cases of felony, by the statute of 27th Elizabeth.
He was executed at Lancaster, according to Dr. vVorthington
(Catalogue of Martyrs, 1614), in August, but according to
Molanus, Sept. J 6, 1604.
Challoller, lIfemoirs.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

105

Baily, Thomas, D.D., a native of Yorkshire, studied at
Clare Hall, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. in 1546.
Soon afterwards he became Fellow of that house, and com-
menced M.A. in 1549.
In I 5 54 he served the office of Proctor, and in the following
year subscribed the Roman Catholic Articles. He was ap-
pointed Master of Clare Hall, probably about Nov. 1557. In
I 558 he proceeded B.D. When Elizabeth succeeded to the
crown he refused to comply with the change in religion, and
being deprived of his mastership, went to Louvain, where he
was created D.D. He remained there till Jan. 30, 1576,
when Dr. Allen invited him to Douay, and employed him in
the government of the English College both at Douay and
Rheims, and he usually acted as president in Dr. Allen's
absence. He left Rheims, Jan. 27, 1589, and returning to
Douay, spent his declining years amongst those few English
who kept possession of the old college, during its sojourn in
Rheims. He died Oct. 7, 1591, and was buried in the chapel
of St. Nicholas, in the parish church of St. James, Douay.
His death was much lamented by all who knew him, espe-
cially by Cardinal Allen, who always had the highest opinion
of his merit.
He had the chief hand in managing the temporalities of the
college, while Dr. Bristow regulated the schools, and Dr. Allen
himself inspected discipline. The college was very prosperous
under this triumvirate, but as a nation quickly finds the loss of
a" zealous and able ministry, so was it with the English College,
which after their decease was burthened with debt, and divided
by intestine disputes.
Dodd, Ch. His!.

Baines, Peter Augustine, O.S.B., Bishop of Siga, was
born Jan. 25, 1787, at Kirkley, near Liverpool, whither the
family had removed from Singleton in the Fylde. He was
sent to the English Benedictine Abbey of Lambspring, in
Germany, to study for the Church in 1798. "VVithin four
years later the monks were compelled to leave their ancient
monastery, and they eventually settled at Ampleforth, in the
parish of Oswaldkirk, near York.
Here Peter Baines pursued his studies and was solemnly

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

professed June 8, 1804, and remained as a professor in the
college until 18 I 7, when he was appointed to the important
mission of Bath.
He continued to preside over this mission until he was
selected as coadjutor to Bishop Collingridge, V.A. of the
Western District, and was consecrated Bishop of Siga, May I,
182 3.
For the benefit of his health, Dr. Baines was recommended
a tour on the Continent, and he made a lengthened residence
at Rome. On the death of Bishop Collingridge, March 3,
1829, Dr. Baines succeeded to the Vicariate, and obtained
permission from Pius VIII. to become secularized, after an
attachment to the Benedictine Order for a quarter of a century.
In December of that year he concluded the purchase of the
magnificent mansion of Prior Park, near Bath. He appropriated
the mansion for an episcopal residence, and added two wings ;
one, St. Peter's, to serve for a lay college; the other, St. Paul's,
to be an ecclesiastical seminary.
The purchase of Prior Park brought much anxiety and
trouble upon the bishop and his successors. The centre of the
splendid pile of buildings accidentally took fire in 1836, and
the cost of the repairs and maintenance of so expensive an
establishment led to continual financial difficulties, which
weighed so heavily upon him that his constitution was rapidly
undermined, and he died suddenly at Prior Park, July 6,
1843.
Cardinal Wiseman, in his "Recollections of the Last Four
Popes," thus refers to this distinguished prelate :-" Many
people will remember him. He was happiest in his unwritten
discourses. The flow of his words was easy and copious, his
imagery was often very elegant, and his discourses were replete
with thought and solid matter. But his great power was in his
delivery, in voice, in tone, in look, and gesture. His whole
manner was full of pathos, sometimes more even than the
matter justified; there was a peculiar tremulousness of voice,
which gave his words more than double effect, notwithstanding
a broadness of provincial accent, and an occasional dramatic
pronunciation of certain words. In spite of such defects, he was
considered by all that heard him one of the most eloquent and
earnest preachers they had ever attended.
" Such was the person destined in the mind of Leo. XII. to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

107

be the first Englisb Cardinal. The fact was, that Dr. Baines
was a Benedictine, brought up in the Abbey of Lambspring,
and before his episcopal promotion Prior of Ampleforth, in
Yorkshire.
U vVe were informed by Monsignor Nicolai that the Pope had
called him, and said to him ' that he had been casting his eyes
around him for a member of the Benedictine body on whom to
bestow the hat of restitution; many worthy men in it were too
aged and infirm, others too young, so that he had fixed upon
the English monk, if on inquiry his character should prove
equal to the proposed elevation.'
"Such inquiries were made in good measure amongst us
without their object being communicated. The result was that
the bishop was desired to remove from the private apartments
in the Palazzo Costa, where he had been living with bis
English friends, to the Benedictine Monastery of San Callisto,
and to wear the episcopal habit of his Order.
"The death of the Pope alone prevented the consummation
of this plan; his successor, who probably had not heard of it,
selected a very old Benedictine abbot, Crescini, from Parma,
'to receive the hat which he, as well as Leo XI I., owed to
Pius VI!.' . . . It is evident, however, that Dr. Baines would
have been made a Cardinal, not on national grounds, but
as a Benedictine. . . . And besides, there can be no doubt that
this intention was made the basis of the nomination of an
Englisb Cardinal in the ensuing Pontificate."
Oliver, Collections,. Brady, Episc. S llccessioJl" T17isema1Z,
Rccollections of the Last FOllr Popes.
I. The leading Doctrines of the Catholic Religion, being the
substance of a Sermon preached at the opening of the new
Catholic Chapel at Sheffield, May 1,1816. Lond. 1816. 8vo.
2. A Letter to C. A. Moysey . . . on the subject of an attack
made by him upon the Catholics, in a Charge to the Clergy of the
Deanery of Bedminster . . . June 21,1821. Bath, 1821. 8vo. pp. 47.
Second Edition, Bath [1821] 8vo. This brought forth a reply by Vindex
(pseud). A letter to . . . . P. B. in reply to one lately addressed by him to
Dr. !\Ioysey (on the Catholic Question). 8vo. 182I.
3. A Defence of the Christian Religion during the last
thirteen Centuries, in a Second Letter to Chas. Abel Moysey,
D.D., Archdeacon of Bath. 1822. 8vo. pp. 274.
4- A Remonstrance, in a Third Letter to Dr. Moysey. PP.47.
5. An Inquiry into the Nature, Object, and Obligations of the
Religion of Christ, with a comparison of the Ancient and

108

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Modern Christianity of England, in reply to the Archdeacon of
Sarum's "Protestant Companion," in a Fourth Letter to the
Archdeacon of Bath. Bath [1824], 8vo. pp. 96; Lond. 1825. 8vo.
It is written with great spirit and vigour; the conclusion is singularly
happy and efficient. To this Dr. Daubeny, Archdeacon of Sarum, replied
with a "Supplement to the Protestant's Companion, containing a particular
analysis of Bishop Baines's Doctrine of Transubstantiation," &c. 1825. 8vo.
The" Protestant's Companion" was written in reply to Dr. Baines, and pub.
lished 1824. 8vo.
These letters were republished under the title-A Defence of the
Christian Religion, &c., in a Series of Letters addressed to C. A.
Moysey, D.D., Archdeacon of Bath. New Edition, revised and
corrected by the Author, and embellished with engravings drawn
on the wood by W. M. Craig, Esq. Lond. Ambrose Cuddon, 1825.
8vo. pp. 210, 10 engravings. It includes an Appendix consisting of An
Explanation of the Controverted Doctrines of the Catholic Church, by
Bossuet, with preliminary notes, by the Rev. John Fletcher, extracted from
the Catholic's Manual.
6. Substance of a Sermon preached on the occasion of the
Dedication of the Catholic Chapel at Taunton, July 3, 1822, on
the Worship of God in general, and on the Eucharistic Sacra.
ment and Sacrifice, the Real Presence, and Transubstantiation
in particular. Bath, 1822. 8vo.
7. A Sermon preached on Nov. 13, 1823, on the Advantages
and Consolations of the Christian Religion, at the opening of
St. Alban's Chapel, Warrington. pp. 16.
8. A Sermon delivered at the Dedication of St. Mary's Chapel,
at Myddleton Lodge, on May 18,1825. Lond. 8vo. pp. 25.
9. Faith, Hope, and Charity. The Substance of a Sermon (on
1 Cor. xiü. 12,13) preached at the Dedication of the Catholic
Chapel at Bradford, July 27, 1825. Lond. 1825. 8vo.; York,
1825. 8vo.
This celebrated sermon went through many editions; three in 1826, one
in 1828, two in 1829, another in 1836; again published by the Catholic
Institute in 1838, 8vo. ; and probably others.
I t elicited many replies, amongst which may be enumerated: "A Brief
Reply to Dr. Baines's Sermon preached at the opening of the Bradford Roman
Catholic Chapel." By G. Ouseley, 1829. 8vo. "An Answer to the Roman
Catholic Doctrines of Faith, Hope, and Charity, delivered in a Sennon
preached by P. A. B.," &c. Bya Protestant. 1829. 8vo. "The Doctrines
of the Church of Rome, in reply to a Sermon by P. A. B.," &c. By \V.
Keary. 1826. 8vo. "A Reply to the First Part of a Sermon delivered by
P. A. B" upon Faith, Hope, and Charity." By a Member of the British
Reformation Society. Lond. 1831. "A Reply to the Second Part," &c.
By the same. Lond. 1832. 8vo. "Protestant and Popish .Missionaries con-
trasted; a Speech containing Strictures on the Bishop of Siga's Sermon,"
&c. (1827). 8vo. By G. Lowther. "A few Remarks upon a Sermon preached
by P. A. B.," &c. (1835). 8vo. By G. \V. Munnings. "A Letter to J. Taylor
in reply to his attack on Dr. B.'s Dedicatory Sermon/' &c. By R. Murphy.

OF THE ENGLISH CA THOLICS.

109

1827. 8vo. "A Letter to Rev. J. Taylor, ::\I.A., curate of Bradford, by the
Rev. Francis Murry, in reply to his unwarrantable attack on the Dedicatory
Sermon preached by the Right Rev. Dr. Baynes, at the opening of the new
Catholic Chapel, Bradford." Bradford, 1827. "Correspondence between
the Right Hon. R. 'V. Horton and the Right Rev. P. A. B.," &c. By the
Right Hon. SirjR. J. ,V. Horton, Bart. 1829. 8vo.; trans. into Italian, Roma,
1829, 8vo., p. 16.
10. After the disastrous fire at Prior Park in 1836, Dr. Baines issued
letters appealing to the Catholic body and to the Protestant public, soliciting
aid towards the restoration of the College, which elicited a letter by Laocoon
(pseud), entitled, "The Trojan Horse, or Observations on the Circular
Letters of Dr. Baines soliciting aid towards the restoration of Prior Park
Mansion." 1836. 8vo.
II. Two Sermons preached at St. Mary's, York: 1. On the
Good Shepherd, on April 29, 1838; 2. On the Value of Trials
and Afflictions, on the following Sunday, May 5.
12. A Sermon preached at St. Mary's, Edinburgh, on the
Parable of the Unjust Steward, July 29, 1838. the day after his
consecrating Dr. James Gillis, Bishop of Limyra.
,. An account of the Consecration of Dr. Gillis as coadjutor bishop of the
Eastern District of Scotland; with the Discourses delivered by Dr. Murdock
and Dr. Baines," &c. 1838. 8vo.
13. A Sermon on the Propagation of the Faith, delivered in
the Sardinian Chapel, London, Jan. 20, 1839.
14. Outlines of Christianity, being the substance of six Lee.
tures delivered in the Catholic Chapel, Pierrepont Place, Bath,
during the Sundays in Lent, 1839: 1. On the Nature of Religion;
2. On the Knowledge of Religion; 3. The History of Religion;
4. On the Church of Christ; 5. State of Departed Souls; 6. The
Eucharistic Mystery. Prior Park, 1839. 8vo.
15. A Pastoral addressed to the Faithful of the Western Dis-
trict of England, on occasion of the Fast of Lent. Prior Park,
1840. 8vo.
This was much criticised, and was submitted to examination in Rome. It
was reproved by Pope Gregory XVI., by letters Apostolic, dated Jan. 16, 1841.
Bishop Baines, being in Rome, made an ample submission to the Holy
See, on the 15th of March following. and on March 19. 1841, the Pope
expressed his satisfaction and contentment with the behaviour of Bishop
Baines.
A tract appeared, entitled" Faith, Hope, and Charity. Extract from a
Sermon preached at the Dedication of a Catholic Chapel at Bradford, 1825 ;
or the Bishop's Appeal to the Catholic Church :against the Pope and the
Church of Rome, founded upon Holy Scripture, contrasted with quotations
from the Missal and the Breviary," &c. Lond. 1841. 12mo.
16. A Letter to Sir Charles Wolseley, Bart., on the Lenten
Pastoral of 1840, dated Prior Park, July 17, 1841. Lond. 1841. 8vo.
17. On Divine Worship. A Sermon (on Matt. iv. 10). Lond.
(Birmingham, printed). 1841. 8vo. This was delivered at St. Chad's, Bir-
mingham, June 24, 1841.

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

18. A Sermon preached at the Confirmation at Ugbrooke,
.Jan. 1, 1842.
19. Marks of the True Church: the Substance of a Sermon
(on Matt. xxviii. 18-20) delivered at the opening of st. Mary's
Chapel, Bristol, July 5, 1843. Prior Park, 1843. 8vo.
This sermon was preached the day before his lamented death.

o. Theologia Dogmatica et Moralis ad usum Seminarii Monte
Crucis, vulgo Prior Park, jussu et approbatione Rev. D.D. P.
A. Baines, Episc. Sigensis. Prior Pa
k ex typo Collegii S. Pauli,
1840-1, 2 vols. 8vo.
This was drawn up under his supervision by the professors at the College.
2 I. Soon aÍter the appearance of Cardinal \Viseman's " Recollections of
the Last Four Popes," in 1858, in which the character of Dr. Baines, quoted
above, appeared, Canon Tierney, of Arundel, wrote a letter in the June
number of The Rambler, in which he took exception to some statements of
the Cardinal relative to Bishop Baines and Dr. Lingard. This called forth
a rejoinder from the Cardinal in the shape of " A Letter to the Canons of the
Cathedral Chapter of \Vestminster," printed but not published. Lond. 1858,
8vo. pp. 26, and dated Oct. 16, with the postscript, "\Yhoever receives this
letter is sincerely requested not to allow it to be published, entire or in part."
To this Canon Tierney replied, rather warmly, in a pamphlet printed but
not published. entitled "A Reply to Cardinal \Viseman's Letter to His
Chapter, to which is prefixed the Letter to The Rambler which is the sub-
ject of his Eminence's strictures." Lond. 8vo. pp. iv., 38, dated Dec. 1858.
In this the Canon characterises the Cardinal's remarks iin the" RecoHec-
tions" as veri disparaging and unjust to Dr. Baines, and alludes to some
"offensive remarks on a passage in my Memoir of Dr. Lingard," published
more than four years before.
22. Besides the foregoing Dr. Baines published numerous pastorals.
23. Portrait, Theweuetti, delin., R. Smith, sculp., 1844, 8vo., published
in the Catholic Directory with Memoir. Several others were also published.

Baines, Ralph, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry,
was a native of Knowsthorp, in Yorkshire, and was educated at
St. John's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. in
I 5 I 7- I 8, and was ordained priest at Ely, April 23, I 5 19, being
then a Fellow of St. John's on Bishop Fisher's foundation.
He became M.A. in 152 I, was constituted one of the university
preachers in I 527, and was collated to the rectory of Hard-
wicke, Cambridgeshire, which he resigned in 1544. Dodd, in
his Church History, states that he was "a divine of great
note, very dexterous in expounding the Scriptures, and
remarkably skilled in the three sacred languages." He opposed
Latimer at Cambridge, and in 1550 he is found disputing at
\Vestminster on the Catholic side. He afterwards went to Paris,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

I I I

and was Professor of Hebrew in that university. He continued
abroad until the accession of Mary, when he returned to
England, and on Nov. 18, I 5 54, was made Bishop of Lichfield
and Coventry. He commenced D.D. at Cambridge in 1555.
When Elizabeth ascended the throne he was deprived of his
bishopric in June, I 5 59, and imprisoned for non-compliance
with the change in religion. He died the same year at
Islington, Nov. I 8, I 5 59, and was buried in the churcb of
St. Dunstan-in-the-vVest, London. He was one of the chief
restorers of Hebrew learning in this country, and was also well
versed in Latin and Greek.
Cooþer, A thcll. Cantab.
I. Prima Rudimenta in linguam Hebraicam. Paris, 1550. 4to.
2. Compendium Michol, hoc est, absolutissimæ grammatices
Davidis Chimhi. Paris, 1554. 4to.
3. In Proverbia Salomonis. Paris, 1555, fol. Ded. to Henry, King
of France.

Baines, William, a Colonel of Horse, who lost his life in
defence of the Royal cause at IVlalpas, in Cheshire, during the
Civil vVar.
Lord CastlelllaÙl, Cath. Apology.

Baker, Alexander, Father S.J., was a native of Norfolk,
born in I 582. He entered the Society about 1610, and twice
undertook journeys to the remotest territories of the Indies in
the missionary cause. In 1615 he reconciled the Rev. \Villiam
Coke, a son of Sir Edward Coke, the famous lawyer; and in
1625 it appears from the proceedings of the House of Lords
that he had been in prison, and was pardoned and liberated at
the intercession of a foreign ambassador. He died in London,
where he had resided for many years, May 23, 1627.
Records Sf. Collectmzea.

I. A Treatise in defence of the Doctrine of Regeneration by
Baptism as held by Catholics, showing the difference of opinion
by Protestants. MS. in P.R.O. State Papers, Dom. James 1., vol.
clxxxix. n. 25.

Baker, Charles, S.J., martyr; vide David Henry Lewis.

112

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Baker, David Austin, O.S.B., was the son of \Villiam
Baker, steward to Lord Abergavenny, by his wife, a daughter of
Lewis ap John, alias Vvallis, Vicar of Abergavenny, and sister
of Dr. David Lewis, Judge of the Admiralty, who has a fine
tomb in St. Mary's Church, Abergavenny. He was born
at Abergavenny, Dec. 9, 1575, and was educated at Christ
Church Hospital, London, and afterwards, in 1590, entered a
commoner in Broadgate's Hall, Oxford. His father had intended
him for the Church, but for some reason he was committed to
the care of his elder brother Richard, a counsellor, to study for
the law. He then entered the Middle Temple, and soon gave
tokens of his ability. It was about this time that he began to
entertain doubts as to Divine Providence and the existence of
a Suprer.le Being, to which his youthful extravagances and the
loose company he had kept at Oxford had in great measure
contributed, aud which were not entirely removed until that
Providence which he doubted came to his assistance in a very
extraordinary manner.
After his brother's death, his father sent for him into the
country, that he might assist him in his profession as steward
to Lord Abergavenny, and he procured his son's appointment
to the Recordship of Abergavenny.
Gifted with superior talents and solid judgment, which he
improved by indefatigable industry, he might have attained the
first rank in his profession, when a marvellous escape from immi-
nent death, which he considered to be supernatural, convinced
him that Providence took more care of his life and safety than he
had hitherto done of his immortal soul. This led him to pray
fervently that God would enlighten his mind and direct him in
the way of salvation. Reconciled to the Church, he proceeded,
in 1605, to the Benedictine Convent of S1. Justina, at Padua,
and commenced his novitiate in that year, but ill-health made
it necessary to return home. He arrived in time to attend his
dying father, and had the consolation of inducing him to
embrace the Catholic faith, and make a most Christian end.
No sooner had he settled family affairs than he returned to
consecrate himself to God in the above-mentioned monastery.
After his ordination he served on the mission. He went to St.
Gregory's Monastery, Douay, in 1624. and afterwards was
director to the nuns at Cambray. He was Definitor in Chapter,
in 1633, but resigned, and in 1638 was again sent to the mission.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

113

Some persons having contended that the ancient Benedictine
Congregation in this country was dependent on that of Cluni,
in the diocese of Maçon, founded about the year 9 10, Fr. Baker,
then on the mission, at the wish of his superiors, devoted his
time and fortune to expose and refute this groundless error.
For this purpose he inspected very carefully the monuments
and evidences in public and private collections in London and
elsewhere. He had the benefit of the opinions of Sir Robert
Cotton, John Selden, Sir Henry Spelman, and \Villiam Camden;
and the result of his laborious and lucid researches is embodied
in that learned folio volume, entitled "Apostolatus Benedic-
tinorum in Anglia." His dear friend, Fr. Jones, reduced the
mass of materials into respectable Latinity, and they left Fr.
Clement Reyner, their assistant, an excellent scholar, to edit the
work; so that it passes for being finished, "operâ et industriâ
R. P. Clementis Reyneri."
\Vhilst engaged in these investigations, he once met, at Sir
Robert Cotton's library, \Villiam Camden, the distinguished
scholar, antiquary, and historian, and was present at a conver-
sation between him and Sir Robert, who had recently become
possessed, for a small consideration, of a chest of papers that
had belonged to Sir Francis \Valsingham, Secretary of State
to Queen Elizabeth. Sir Robert informed Mr.
amden, and
proved by these documents, that he had received very false
information of many passages in his History of Queen Eliza-
beth, and he demonstrated from them that the insurrection in
the north, under the Earl of vVestmoreland, was the actual con-
trivance of vValsingham; "whereupon Mr. Camden exclaimed
earnestly and loudly against his false informers, and wished
that his history had never been written" (\Veldon, p. 120,
quoting Cressy).
But Fr. Baker shone pre.eminently as a master of spiritual
life; he was the hidden man of the heart, absorbed in heavenly
contemplation. Out of more than forty of his rvIS. treatises
Fr. Serenus Cressy compiled the works entitled "Sancta
Sophia." The nuns of Cambray deeply imbibed his spirit
during the nine years that he was their director, and kept his
sayings in their hearts.
He died of the plague, in his house, Gray's Inn Lane, London,
Aug. 9, 16 4 1 , aged 65, and was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn.
Dodd, Ck. His!.
. Oliver, Collections.
VOL. I. I

114

BlBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. Two Treatises on the Laws of England. J\ISS., written while
he was at the Middle Temple, which, after his death, being left in the hands
of his kinsman, Fr. Leander Pritchard, were destroyed at the pillage of
the Benedictine house and chapel of St. John's, in Clerkenwell, when
James II. left England in Dec. 1688.
2. Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, sive disceptatio
Historica de Antiquitate ordinis congregationisque MOllacho-
rum nigrorum St. Benedicti in Regno Angliæ cum Appendice.
Duaci, 1626, fol., with engraved title by M. Boss, surrounded with eighteen
portraits of celebrated English Benedictines. This work was edited. by
Fr. Clem. Reyner, D.D., a.S.B., in accordance with the order of General
Chapter held in 1625, but it ,vas entirely drawn from the materials collected
by Fr. Baker, which filled six folio vols., and from which Fr. Serenus Cressy
also founded his Church History. Fr. Baker's six folio vols. Ecclesiastical
History, MSS., are stated by Dodd to have been lost, presumably at the
seizure of the Cambray Convent.
3. A Treatise of the Discretion that is to be used in the
Exercises of a Spiritual Life. 8vo. Dated Cambray, 1628, and
approved by FF. Barlow and Leander, Dec. 24, 1629.
4. An Anchor or Stay for the Spirit, preserving it in Life, in
all cases of Spiritual Storms or Tempests of Temptations. Fears,
&c. In two Parts. To which is added, A Remedy against
Temptations, written in old English by Richard of Hampoll,
the Hermit, and made more intelligible by me, Augustine Baker.
162 9.
5. An Enquiry about the Author of the Abridgment of the
Ladder of Perfection, made by an Italian Lady of Milan, but
published by Father Achilles Galliardi, a Jesuit. Dated Feb. I,
1629, s.n.
6. A Spiritual Alphabet for the Use of Beginners: with a
Memorial for the Instructor. Approved by Fr. Leander, May 27, 1629.
7. The Order of Teaching, or a briefe Calendar of a Spiritual
Instructour expressinge the points, whereon he is more at large
to proceede in discourse and practice with his Disciple.
This was approved by Fr. Leander, May 27, 1629; and again April 4, 1634.
The first time added to the preceding and succeeding works, forming one vol.
A MS. with the above title was recently in a bookseller's catalogue (]. 1L
Stark, cat. 138, July, 1883), endC'rsed "Finis Septem. 6, anno 1637," sm.
8vo., pp. 207.
8. A Treatise on Distractions, &c. Approved by Fr. Leander,
May 27, 1629.
9. A Treatise of Confession. Approved by Fr. Rudesind Barlow,
Sept. 17, 1629.
10. Directions for Contemplation: written chiefly for the use
of the Nuns of the Holy Order of St. Bennet, at Cambray. In
four Parts. 4to. Approved Aug. 17, and Oct. 16, 1629.
1 I. A Book consisting of Five Treatises, whereof the First
is against such as are solicitous for the Honour of the House
or Order; the Second, about the Electing of worthy and fit

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

115

Counsellors within this House; the Third, A Treatise about
Scandals; the Fourth, About the book entitled" De Bono status
religiosi," or of the good that comes by a religious state; and
the Fifth, That the cowl maketh not the Monk nor the Nun.
::\IS. Approved Oct. 30, 1629.
12. CollectioìJ.s out of Divers Authors. In three Parts.
Chiefly selections from Harphius and a work called "Secrets
Sentiers." MS. Approved Dec. 24, 1629.
13. A Spiritual Treatise divided into three Parts, called A. B. C.
::\IS. 8vo. .\pproved by FF. Rud. Barlow and Leander à S. Martino, n.d.
q. A Treatise of Doubts and Calls. In three Parts. MS. 8vo.
Approved by Fr. Leander à S. Martino, May 12, 1630; and again April 4,
16 34.
15. A Discourse concerning the Love of our Enemies. MS.
16. A Discourse teaching all Virtues in General. MS.
17. Certain Spiritual Emblems; or Short Sayings, with their
Expositions to some of them. MS.
18. Vox clamantis in Deserto Animæ. 8vo.
An exposition in English of the "Scala Perfectionis" of\Valter Hilton, the
Carthusian, written soon after the" Treatise on Doubts and Calls," for the
English nuns at Cambray. An edition of this work, revised by Abraham
'Voodhead, is entitled" The Scale (or Ladder) of Perfection. \Vritten by
\Valter Hilton," Lond. 1659, 12mo., which also includes another "Treatise
of the same author, written to a devout man of Secular estate, teaching him
how to lead a Spiritual life therein."
19. Dicta seu Sententiæ Sanctorum Patrum de Praxi Vitæ
perfectæ.
Selected examples out of "Vitæ et Collationes Patrum;' and other
authors.
20. Of the Fall and Restitution of Man. n.d.
21. Sscretum sive Mysticum, or Certain Notes upon the Book
called the Cloud of Unknowing. MS.
In two Parts, of which the first is lost. It has been recently edited by
Fr. Collins, O.Cist. Derby, Richardson & Son, sm. 8vo. Entitled," The
Divine Cloud of Knowing and Unknowing. Secretum sive Mysticum. Notes
on the Cloud by F. Baker."
22. A Secure Stay in all Temptations. In two Parts. Finished,
1st Part, this xix. day of Oct. 1629. Finished :mù Part, May 25, 1630.
23. An Exposition of the Rule of our Most Holy Father St.
Bennet. In four Parts. Fol., pp. 527; "done in five months."
Ded. to Dame Catherine Gascoigne, dated Cambray, June 28, 1631.
24. A Treatise how to make a right use of Sickness. MS.
The only extant copy known to the late Abbot Sweeney (" Life of Fr.
Baker," p. 93) was in the possession of Mr. Dolman, the publisher. In it
was the following: "Note of the transcriber of this coppie. This booke
was written by the author at Cambrai, who, though he apprehended it might
be the last he should write (being then surprised with an infirmity, or sick-
ness), yet he recovered, and lived to write many other bookes both at Cam-
brai, and afterwards at Douaie."

I 2

116

BIBLIOGRAPHfCAL DICTIONARY

25. The Mirrour of Patience and Resignation.
Written soon after his removal to St. Gregory's, Douay. He states that
he felt the change, especially in matters of refection, in the delicate state of
his health.
26. Life and Death of Dame Gertrude More, of the Holy
Order of S. Benet
and English Congregation of our Ladie of
Comfort in Cambray. 2 vols., written soon after her death in 1633. The
first vol. has been lost. She was the great-granddaughter of Sir Thomas
More.
Fr. Collins, O.Cist., has recently published a Life of Dame Gertrude
More, drawn chiefly from Fr. Baker's memoir.
'27. A Treatise concerning the Apostolical Mission into Eng-
land. In two Parts. Finished by the Authour, Jan. 15, 1636

Stylo Romano. 4to.
Dr. Sweeney says the work is partly historical, and gives some very in-
teresting particulars concerning the restoration of the English Benedictines.
It is full of sound spiritual instruction.
28. An Introduction or Preparative to the Treatise on the
English Mission.
Written immediately after the preceding treatise.
29. A Treatise De Conversione Morum, dated Dec. 1637.
30. Flagellum Euchomachorum ; or, A Scourge for the Im-
pugners, Disprizers, and Neglecters of Prayer, i.e., of Mental
Prayer, there being no true Prayer so far as mentality is want-
ing to it. 1638.
31. Instructions for the profitable use of Mental Prayer.
32. A Treatise concerning Reflection.
33. On the Seeking and Finding oÏ God.
34. Rhythmi Spirituales, sive Canticorum, libri iii. 12mo.,
3 vols. in Latin.
35. The Holy Practises of a Divine Lover, or the Sainctly
Ideots Devotions. 1. The Summarie of Perfection. II. The
Directions for these Holy Exercises and Ideots Devotions.
III. A Catalogue of such Bookes as are fltt for Contemplative
Spirits. IV. The Holy Exercises. V. The Topp of the Hea.
venlie I.adder, or the Highest Steppe of Prayer and Perfection.
Paris, Lewis de la Fosse, 1657, 12mo., 2 plates. Ded. "To the V.R. Madame
Gascoigne, Abesse of the English Monasterie of our Ladies of Comfort at
Cambray."
This was the work of Dame Gertrude .:\lore, O.S.B., éind was edited and
left prepared for the press by Fr. Baker. Another translation was made by
Sir \Valter Kirkham Dlount, Dart., and published in 1669.
36. Translations from Thaulerus. 1 Y01.
37. Sermons by Thaulerus, Suso, and Rusbrochius.
38. An Account of his own Life.
39. An Apology for himself; or, A Solution of some Objections
made against his Vlritings.
40. Remains, or Supplements to several Treatises written by
himself.
41. Minor Treatises and Essays, collected by Fr. Baker into 8 vols.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

117

42. A Watch-word.
Attributed by Gee, "Foot out of the Snare," 1624, to Fr. Baker.
43. Sancta Sophia; or, Directions for the Prayer of Contem.
plation, &c., extracted out of more then XL. Treatises written by
Fr. Aug. Baker. By S. Cressy. Douay, 1657, 8vo., 2 vols., with portrait
of Fr. Baker.
Fr. Cressy extracted this work from 3 fo1. vols. of Fr. Baker's l\1SS., con-
taining over 40 Spiritual Tracts.
It was republished by Abbot Sweeney, O.S.B., with photo-portrait.
Lond. 1876. 8vo.
44. Life of Fr. David Augustine Baker. By the Rt. Rev. Abbot
Sweeney. Derby, 1871. 8vo.
45. Portrait, Vera effigies reverendi patris Augustini Baker.
12mo. Another sm. 8vo., whole length, "æt. 69, 1634," is referred to by
Bromley, "Cat. Engr. Brit. Portraits."
46. Many of the above works are in manuscript at Downside, Stanbrook,
&c., and in all probability others have not been catalogued.

Baker, Pacificus, O.S.F., was brought up a Protestant,
and after his conversion went over to Douay, and was there
professed in the Franciscan Convent. After his ordination he
was sent to the English mission, and seems to have been
attached to the Sardinian Chapel, London. He attended
Simon, Lord Lovat, at his execution, April 9, 1747.
After discharging with credit the offices of procurator, mis-
sionary, definitor, and of provincial of his Order twice, the
first time from 176 I to 1764, and the second shortly before
his death, he ended his days in London, March 16, 1774,
aged 80.
He was an eminent spiritualist, and had the reputation
of being a good preacher. Mr. Cole, a Protestant, thus
speaks of him :-" He was my particular acquaintance, and
a very worthy, honest man. He had been long ailing,
being near fourscore. He lived in \Vild Street, where he
had a very elegant chapel. He was author of many books
of devotion, most of which he sent me. Pray God rest his
soul, and be merciful to mine on the like necessary occasion.
Amen."
\Vithout much originality, all his works are remarkable for
unction, solidity, and moderation; but the style is too diffuse
and redundant of words.
Oliver, Collections; Kirk, Biog. Collectio1ls, l1.fSS., Archiepisr.
Arc/lives,. Cole, Collectio/ls, vol. xliii. p. 389, .filS. Brit. .lVlus.

118

DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. Scripture Antiquity. A controversial work.
2. Devout and instructive Reflections on the Lord's Prayer,
with penitent Sentiments for having recited it ill, &c. Trans-
lated from the French by J. Sharp (alias Blunt), D.D. Revised
and earnestly recommended to the perusal of all true Lovers of
Devotion by Mr. Ba-r, F.M. Lond.
Dr. Sharp was a convert.
3. The Devout Christian's Companion for Holy-Days; or
Pious Reflections and Aspirations on the Gospels for the
Festivals of our Blessed Lord, and Saints Days of Obligation
throughout the Year, and on some Particular Days of Devo.
tion and the Moveable Feasts. To which is prefixed a brief
account of the respective Festivals and Saints on those days
honoured by the Church. With a Preface, setting the Catholic
Church's Doctrine of honouring the Saints in a True Light,
and the same justified from Scripture and Antiquity. Lond.
1757, 12mo.; title, I leaf; preface, iii-xx.; pp. 484; 1772, 12TI10.; 1799,
4th Edit.
4. The Christian Advent; or, :Entertainments for that Holy
Season: In Moral Reflections and Pious Thoughts and Aspira-
tions. On the Gospel for the four Sundays and of Wednesday and
Friday in every Week of Advent. On the Great O's, or Solemn
Antiphons which are sung or said on the seven days before
Christmas-Eve, with Devout :Entertainments for Christmas-:Eve,
and on the Gospels for Christmas-Day. To which are added
Moral Reflections, &c., on the Gospels for the Sundays from
Christmas-Day to the flrst Sunday in Lent. Lond. 1759. 12mo.,

nd Edit., pp. 264; 1772, 12mo.; 1782, 12mo.
5. A Lenten Monitor to Christians in Pious Thoughts, Moral
Reflections, and Devout Aspirations on the Gospels for every
day in Lent, from Ash Wednesday to :Easter Tuesday inclu-
sively. Land., James Marmaduke, 1755, 16mo.; 1760, 16mo.; 1769,3rd
Edit., 16mo., pp. xxii-432; 1772, 12mo.; 1792; 1827, 18mo. The Preface
is dated Little \Vild Street, Nov. I, 1760.
6. Sundays kept Holy in Moral Reflections, Pious Thoughts,
and Devout Aspirations on the Gospels for the Sundays from
:3aster to Advent. Lond. 1760, 12mo.; 1772; 1792. "To which is
added a Discourse on the Grain of Mustard Seed, Matt. xiii. 31, delivered in
the year 1753, not before in Mr. Baker's works.))
7. The Devout Communicant; or, Spiritual :Entertainments
before and after Communion in Pious Meditations, Aspirations,
&c., for Three Days before and Three Days after Receiving the
Blessed Sacrament. To which is added a Devout Method of
Visiting the Blessed Sacrament in fervent Prayers and Acts of
Devotion, to be said before the Holy Sacrament. As also some
Pious Hymns in Honour of this Sacred Mystery. Lond. 2nd Edit.,
17 6 5, 16mo., pp. 213; Lond. 1798. 6th Edit. ; Manchester, 1823; Lond.
1826; 1827, 18mo.; Liverpool, 1828. The author states in the preface that
the Meditations were written at the request of the late Catharine, Dowager
Lady Stourton.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

119

8. The Holy Altar and Sacrifice explained in some familiar
dialogues on the Masd, and what may appertain to it for the
more easy information of those who desire to hear Mass well,
and to assist at that great Sacrifice according to the spirit and
intention of the Church; with an Appendix concerning saying
Mass in Latin, and of pronouncing the Secret l")rayers, and the
Canon, with a low voice. Lond. 1768, 12mo., title, 1 leaf, preface,
1 leaf, pp. 167.
The editor states in the preface that it is chiefly a short abridgment of
"A Liturgical Discourse on the Mass" by Fr. Angelus Mason, O.S.F., pub-
lished in 1670, of which the author made an abridgment in 1675. It is
written in dialogue.
9. Manual of the Archconfraternity of the Cord of S. Francis
(partly from the Essay on the Cord of S. Francis, by Fr. P.
Baker). Lond. 1878. 8vo.
10. Portrait, oval, engr. by \V. Holl, with memoir, " Laity's Directory,"
1836. 8vo.

Baldwin, William, priest, was educated and ordained
priest at the English College, Rheims, and was sent upon the
mission in 1585. He was seized and thrown into Derby Gaol,
where he died in 1588.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii.; Doltay Diaries.

Bales, or Bayles, Christopher, priest, martyr, was
born about 1564, in the parish of Cunsley, Durham, and was
sent to the English College, Rome, where he was admitted
Oct. I, 1583, at the age of 19. On account of ill-health he
was sent in the following September to the College at Rheims,
and there he was ordained priest 1\1 arch 28, I 5 87. On Nov. 2,
1588, he was sent to the mission in England, and soon after
fell into the hands of the pursuivants, and besides the miseries
usually attending imprisonment, was racked, hung up in the
air fur twenty-four hours together, and suffered other abominable
cruelties, all of which he bore with wonderful courage and
patience, although his constitution was weak and he was
inclined to consumption. At length he was arraigned, tried,
and condemned, under the statute of 27 Eliz., for being
ordained priest beyond the seas, and coming to England in the
exercise of his priestly office. He was drawn on a hurdle to
Fleet Street, to a pair of gallows erected over against Fetter
Lane, and here he was hanged, disembowelled, and quartered,
:March 4, 1590. On the same day Nicholas Horner was executed
in Smithfield, and Alexander Blake in Gray's Inn Lane before

120

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

his own house, for receiving and relieving priests contrary to
statute.
Challoller, Memoirs
. Doltay Diaries
. Foley, Records SJ.,
Roman Diar)/
. .lIforris, Troubles, Series III. p. 39.
Ballard, John, priest, was ordained at Douay College in
1581, and was sent to the English mission in that year.
His character from the first is very doubtful, and he soon
received pay as a spy in the service of the Queen's Council,
became an emissary of Morgan, and was sent to England
under the assumed name of Captain Fortescue. He was one
of the chief character::; in Babington's conspiracy, was con-
demned to die for misprision of treason, and was executed at
London, Sept. 20, 1586.
Dodd, CII. Hist.
. Lingard, Hist. of Eng.
I. The Censure of a loyall Subject: upon certaine noted
Speach and Behaviours of those fourteen Traitors (Ant. Babing-
ton, J. Ballard, and others) at their Executions, &c. (1587). 4to.
Bamber, Edward, priest, martyr, who assumed the name
of Reading, was the son of Mr. Richard Bamber, and was born
at The Moor, the ancient mansion-house of the family, in the
parish of Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire. One of his ancestors
married a daughter and co-heiress of the Masseys, of \Vhinney-
heys and Carlton, and the family was also connected with the
Singletons of Stayning and the Gerards of Ince. After study-
ing in a grammar-school in Lancashire, Mr. Bamber was sent
to the English College, Valladolid, in Spain, where he studied
philosophy and divinity, and was ordained priest. He then
returned to the English mission, and upon his landing at Dover,
threw himself upon his knees to give thanks to God for his safe
passage, which being observed by the governor of Dover Castle,
he suspected him to be a priest, and caused him to be appre-
hended. Mr. Bamber did not deny his character, but pleaded
he had not been upon English soil the space of time mentioned
in the statute; and upon this plea he was put on board ship,
and sent into banishment.
Some time after his second return to England, he was again
apprehended in the neighbourhood of Standish, in Lancashire,
where he was probably serving the chapel in the Hall belonging
to the Standish family, and he was committed to Lancaster

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

121

Castle. On the journey, however, being lodged some little
distance beyond Preston, he found means in the dead of the
night (his keepers being drunk) to effect his escape out of a
window, in his shirt, an adventure which has also been attri-
buted to ßlr. Whitaker, who eventually suffered with him at
Lancaster. On this occasion he was met by ßIr. Singleton,
the master of Broughton Tower, who had been admonished in
a dream that he should find him in a certain field. He had risen
fully possessed with the truth of the vision, and sure enough
met Mr. Bamber in that very field, and conducted him to his
mansion, where he secreted him, and provided him with every
wan t.
However, he ultimately fell a third time into the hands of the
pursuivants, and was committed to the county gaol at Lancaster.
It is true he found an opportunity here also to make his escape,
but to little purpose; for having wandered all the night, to his
great surprise he found himself in the morning close to the
town, so that he cO!1cluded it was the will of God that he should
suffer there, and accordingly he surrendered himself to those
sent in search of him, for as soon as he was missed a hue-and-
cry had been raised in order to retake him. He remained a
prisoner in Lancaster Castle for three whole years, in close con-
finement, before he was brought to the bar.
This was probably owing to the Civil \Var interfering with
the usual circuit; but the judges now coming to Lancaster, ß1r.
Bamber, with two other priests, ßIr. Woodcock and ßIr. Whi-
taker, were put upon their trial. Two fallen Catholics, Malden
and Osbaldeston, appeared against him as witnesses to having
seen him administer baptism and perform the ceremonies of
marriage; and upon these slender proofs of his priesthood, the
jury, by the judge's direction, found him guilty of the indict-
ment that he was a priest, and thereupon he was sentenced in the
usual form to be hanged, cut down alive, disembowelled, &c.,
as in cases of high treason, all which Mr. Bamber heard with a
composed countenance, and without manifesting the least sign
of trouble or concern. On the 7th of August, 1646, he, with
his two fellow-priests and confessors, were drawn on hurdles
to the place of execution. The encouragement he gave
to his companions caused the sherif[ and the Protestant
ministers to urge the executioner to butcher the courageous
martyr in a more than usually cruel and savage manner,

122

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

all of which he underwent with the greatest constancy and
patience.
An ode or sonnet, composed on his death and that of his
companions, thus refcrs to him :-
Few words he spoke-they stopp'd his mouth,
And chok'd him with a cord;
And lest he should be dead too soon,
No mercy they afford.
But quick and live they cut him down,
And butcher him full soon;
Behead, tear, and dismember straight,
And laugh when all was done.
The Bambers continued to reside at The Moor, or Moor
House, as it was often called, until the death of Thomas Bamber,
gent., who married Catherine, daughter of John Trafford, Esq.,
of Croston Hall, but died without issue, the estate passing to
his nephew, Thomas Brownbill, of Liverpool, in the first half
of last century.
Cltalloner, JWcllloirs,. Gillow, Lancashire ReCllSallts, MS.

Bandersby, William, priest, an old man, was taken at
Mrs. Frances vVatson's house, in Yorkshire, by Sir Richard
I\1alivera and :Mr. Slingsby, and being brought before the
Council of the North, was committed to York Castle. He was
a man of sound and grave judgment, well read, a Master of
Arts, devout and zealous in the Catholic faith, and much given
to prayer and contemplation in his wanderings up and down
the country.
Falling sick, he gave all he had to his fellow Catholic
prisoners, and died in York Castle, April 2 I, 1587, and was
buried behind the wall.
He was a l\1arian priest.
Foley, Rccords Sf., vol. iii.
Banister, John, alias Taverner, priest and schoolmaster,
was descended from the ancient Lancashire family of that
name. Towards the close of the seventeenth century he was
entrusted with the charge of the renowned school of Twyford,
near Winchester, in Hampshire, probably in succession to the
Rev. vVilliam Bernard, alias Husband. It was here that
Alexander Pope received the rudiments of his education.
Mr. Banister began to teach Pope in 1696, when he was only

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

1 2 3

eight years of age, and he remained over a year under this
learned tutor. It is said that the poet subsequently left Twyford
in consequence of writing a lampoon on his master, and was
transferred to a school close by Hyde Park Corner, kept by
another priest, where he nearly lost all that he had gained under
Mr. Banister. In the biographical notices of Pope, 11:r. Banister's
school and Twyford have been made two distinct establishments,
but it is more probable that it was merely a change in masters.
lVhittlc, Hist. of Prestoll" Gillo'W, Cat/to Schools Ùt Ellglalld.
Banister, Ro bert, priest, was the second son of Robert
Banister, of Hesketh Bank, Lancashire, and his wife, l\Iary Bell.)
and was born Oct. 2 I, 1725. The family was descended from
that of Banastre, Banister, or Bannister, as the name was
variously spelt, of Bank Hall, in Bretherton, the principal holder
of the soil in Tarleton, the adjoining parish to Hesketh-cum-
BecconsalI, in which Hesketh Bank is situated. The Banisters
were stout recusants, and suffered much for their faith. Mr.
Banister's father was a Catholic Nonjuror and recusant convict
in 17 I 7, and several members of the family were priests.
After receiving the rudiments of his education at the cele-
brated Dame Alice's school at Lady Well, Fernyhalgh, near
Preston, Robert Banister was sent to Douay College, where he
arrived Oct. I 5, 1741. He passed through the schools with
great éclat, and was ordained priest in 1750. The President,
Dr. Green, who was an excellent judge of merit, appears to
have been fully sensible of the treasure he possessed in l\lr.
Banister, for he at once engaged him to teach rhetoric and
philosophy, and afterwards appointed him Professor of Divinity,
a position which he admirably discharged for twelve years
successively.
Mr. Banister was also Prefect of Studies from 1754 till Aug.
1761, and again in 1768.
He left Douay Aug. 15, 1769, and after supplying for a
short time as chaplain to l\Ir. Dicconson at \Vrightington Hall,
he was removed to Lady "V ell, Fernyhalgh, where he remained
about three years.
In 1773 he was invited back to Douay to teach divinity,
but returned to England in the following year, and was placed
at l\lowbreck Hall, near Kirkham, in Lancashire, the seat of the
\Vestby family.

12 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Here he remained for twenty.nine years, not only performing
all the duties of a zealous pastor of a rather numerous congre-
gation with great exactness and assiduity, but also preparíng a
number of boys for their academical education.
Bishop Matthew Gibson entertained a high opinion of IVlr.
Banister's learning and virtue, and consulted him on the most
important and difficult questions.
In the disputes between the Catholic Committee and the
Bishops respecting the oath of allegiance, Mr. Banister took a
decided part with the latter, and accompanied Bishop IVlatthew
Gibson to London on one occasion. The Bishop wished Mr.
Banister to succeed him in the northern vicariate, and recom-
mended him to the Propaganda, but his brother, \Villiam
Gibson, was chosen, who always professed the same regard for
Mr. Banister, and, in the year 1803, offered him Dodding Green,
in Westmoreland, the best place in the diocese, and most suit-
able for his declining years.
He himself had evidently entertained no idea of leaving
Kirkham, for an entry in his diary states that he had obtained
the permission of his friend Richard Gillow to be buried in his
family grave in the parish churchyard. Dr. Gibson, however,
persuaded him to leave Mowbreck Hall and remove to Dodding
Green, where he remained until his death, l\1ay 17, 18 12, in the
87th year of his age.
Several of the refugee students from Douay joined him at
Mowbreck after the Revolution of 1793.
He was a member of the Chapter, and in the year 1770 was
appointed Archdeacon of Norfolk and Suffolk, and controversial
writer in 1778.
As a classical scholar he had an excellent reputation, and,
in the judgment of the venerable Aiban Butler, the author of
the "Lives of the Saints," possessed the Ciceronian style in a
degree equal, if not superior, to any of his age. His letters,
which are numerous, would be found highly instructive and
interesting if published.
No man was more capable of writing on theological and
controversial subjects, but the cares of his mission, and the
attention he devoted to his scholars
deterred him from engaging
more in literary pursuits.
He was uncle to the Rev. Henry Rutter, and great-uncle to
Alexander Goss, second Bishop of Liverpool.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

1 2 5

Cat/to l1Iag., vol. ii. p. 476; Hinde, Reminisce1lces of the
JVillow's ]vlissioll, Kirkham,. GilloLIJ,Lancas/tire ReCl/Sallts, MS.;
Rev. Henry Rutter, BiograpllJ', 111 S.
I. Instructions concerning an Annual Spiritual Exercise, &c.
Douay, 1759.
This was written for the benefit of the students at Douay, and shows
that he was no less versed in the science of the Saints than in classical
learning.
2. His pen was probably engaged, directly or indirectly, in the contro-
versy concerning the oath of allegiance.
3. His Diary was in the possession of the late Dr. Goss.

Bannister, Godfrey, a preacher, whom Lord Burleigh sent
on a religious mission to the prisoners of the Tower. He
subsequently became a Catholic himself; was imprisoned in
the Tower; racked three times; and escaped to Flanders,
where he practised as a physician, and lived many years, the
idol of the Irish refugees.
H. S. Burke, Hist. Portr. Tudor DY1l., vol. iv. p. 12 I.
I. IVIemoirs of Godfrey Bannister, once a Protestant Preacher,
then a Papist of the Right Class. By his son, Angelo Bannister.
Printed in French at Antwerp, in 1596.
Banton, James, a gentleman volunteer, in the service of
the Crown, who lost his life at Cover, in Gloucestershire.
Castlcmaill, Catk Apology.
Barbant, Charles, musical composer, was organist at the
chapel attached to the Bavarian Embassy at London, In 1764.
Bibliog. Universe/Ie des .lI1Úsiciells.
I. Grand Orchestral Symphonies; 5 works.
2. Trios for the Violin; I'vol.
3. Trios for the Clarionet.
4. Duets for the Flute.
5. Two Sonatas for the Clarionet.
6. Sacred Hymns, Antiphons, &c., in parts. I\1SS.
Barber, Henry, bookseller, &c., in Holborn, was once
imprisoned for publishing or selling Catholic books, dnd was
living about 1624.
Gee, Foot out of the Sllare.
Barber, John Vincent, landscape painter, was son of
Joseph Barber who taught drawing in Birmingham and died
there in I 8 I I.

126

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

He exhibited at the Academy between 1812 and 1830,
dying at Rome a few years later.
The portrait of Dr. IVIilner, at Oscott College, was painted
by him, and was engraved in 1817 by \Villiam Radclyffe,
of Birmingham.
Rcdgra'i!e, Diet. of A'rtists; Husellbetlt., Life of flfiblcr.

Barclay, John, Esq., son of \Yillìam Barclay, of Aber-
deenshire, the eminent lawyer and writer, was born at Pont-à-
l\Iousson, Jan. 28, 1582. He was educated at the college of
the Jesuits in his native place, and made such progress in his
studies that at the age of nineteen he is said to have published
notes on the Thebais of Statius.
He says in the Preface to the .1 Apology for Euphormion,"
" I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame
incited me to attack the whole world, rather with a view of
promoting my reputation than of dishonouring individuals."
In 1605, soon after James 1. had obtained the crown, IVrr.
Barclay came over to England, and was kindly received by his
l\1ajesty, as well for his own as his father's account. Upon the
death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris, where he married
Louisa Debonnaire. Returning to London he resided, with
his wife and family, for about ten years in this country, in the
enjoyment of a post which the king had bestowed upon him;
but at last, either too much complaisance to his Protestant
friends, or the zeal he had shown against the temporal power
of the Pope, in publishing and maintaining his father's writings,
caused him to fall under the suspicion that he was in danger
of going over to the Church of England. This report, being
spread abroad, gave him great uneasiness, and he resolved to
quit the kingdom. Accordingly, he repaired to Rome with
his whole family, in the year 16 I 6, where he made his per-
sonal appearance before his Holiness, and submitted himself,
both in regard of his own and of his father's writings. Further,
to convince the world of his steadfast adherence to the Catholic
faith, he published a book against the sectaries of the age, and
thereby removed all suspicion. His works have been universally
approved, especially his" Argenis," which has been translated
into several languages, and was always read with pleasure by
the great Cardinal Richelieu.
His latter years were spent amidst his books and flowers,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

J 2 7

displaying more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the Tulip-
mania, of which last disease he is supposed to have been one
of the first victims. In his" Euphormion" he had pronounced
the plant "Golden Rod" to be a specific for the stone; yet of
this painful complaint he died, at Rome, Aug. I 2, I 62 I, in the
39th year of his age.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,o Allibollc, Crit. Diet.
I. Comment. on the Thebais of Statius, 1601.
2. A Latin Poem on the Coronation of King James I.
3. Euphormio Lusinini sive Satyricon.
The first part was published in 1604, the second part at Paris, and again
in four parts, Leydæ, 1623, 12mo.; Rothomagi, 1628,8vo. ; and the fifth part,
Amstelodami, 1627, 12mo. A complete edition of the five parts together-
Amsterdam, 1629, 12mo.; Oxoniæ, 1634, 12mo; many times reprinted.
This satire made so many enemies, that in 16IO he published his Apology
for Euphormion.
4. History of the Powder Plot. Oxon., 1634, 12mo. This was pub-
lished at the end of his Satyricon.
5. Pietas; sive Publicæ pro Regibus et Principibus, et
Privatæ pro Gulielmo Barclaio, Perente, Vindiciæ contra Bel-
larm. Paris, 1612; Francof., 1613.
He had published his father's posthumous work "De Regno et regali
Pot estate adversus Buchanarum, Brutum, Boucherium et reliquos Monarcho-
machos, Libri Sex," at Paris in 1600,4to., and in 1609 it was reprinted at
Francford, under the title "De Potestate l")apæ. quatenus in Reges et
Principes sæculares jus et imperium habeat." Immediately after this it was
translated into English, and its publication at this time caused many
Catholics to stagger on the question of the oath of allegiance. It bears the
title" Of the Authoritie of the Pope : whether, and how farre forth he hath
power and authoritie over Temporall Kings and Princes. Liber Posthumus."
Lond., Arnold Hatfield, 1611, 4to. Ded. by \V. Barclay to Clement VIIL,
pp. 229. It was reprinted and added to the work of Rich. Sheldon, priest,
prisoner in the Clinke, entitled" Certain General Reasons Proving the Law-
fulness of the Oath of Allegiance," Lond. 161 I. 4to.
I t denied the authority of the Pope over sovereigns in temporals, and
held that they who allow him any such power, whatever they may intend,
do very great prejudice to religion. This work was attacked by Cardinal
Bellarmin, to whom J. Barclay responded as above. He afterwards repented
that he had written this work, as it displeased many of his own faith, and
gratified those who were opposed to it.
6. Icon Animarum; lib. 4. Lond. 1614. 8vo.
" Icon Animarum; the Mirror of .l\1indes, translated by T. May." Lond.
1631, I2mo.; 1633, sm. 8vo.
This is a masterly delineation of the genius and customs of the European
nations, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, with moral and philo-
sophical remarks on the peculiarities of mankind. In style it has been
compared to Goldsmith's" Traveller."

128

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

7. Argenis, or the Loves. of Poliarchus and Argenis. Paris,
1621 ; 2nd Edit;, Paris, 1622. Translated into English by Kingsmill Long,
gent., Lond. 1625, 4to. A second edition of the latter, "beautified with
pictures, together with a key præfixed to unlock the wholc story," appeared,
Lond. 1636, 4to., and included a portrait of Barclay.
The Argenis was also translated by Sir Robert Le Grys, Knight, the
verses by Thomas May, Esq. (the continuator of Lucan). Lond. 1628. 4to.,
and again 1629. This version is said to have been undertaken at the
request of Charles I.
"The Phænix, or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. Translated
from the Latin," by Clara Reeve. Lond. 177'2. 12IDO., 4 vols.
There are three French translations of the Argenis, 16 2 4, 1732, and 1736.
It is a political allegory, pronounced by the poet Cowper the most amus-
ing romance ever written.
The characters of the Argenis are intended to reprcsent various dis-
tinguishcrl personages in history and real life. Poliarchus is meant for
Henry ot Navarrc; Aquilius is the Emperor of Gem1any; Calvin is
U sinuIca; Radirobanes is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to
resemble, in some traits, Elizabeth of England.
Richelieu was very fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from
thence he drew many of his political maxims.
Coleridge prefers its style to that of Livy or Tacitus, but Hallam
dec1ines to go this length.
8. Poematum, Libri duo. Impensis J. BiIlij. Londini, 1615. 4to.;
again Oxon, 1636, 12mo.
9. Apologia pro se; lib. 3, 1610, which he published as an apology
for his Euphormion.
10. Veritatis Lacrymæ.
II. Parænensis ad Sectarios. Colon. 1617, 8vo. ; written in repa-
ration for the publication and defence of his father's work, "De Potestate
Papæ."
12. History of the Conquest of Jerusalem. MS.
13. J. Barclaii Sylvæ, excudebat R. B. Londini, 1606. 4to.
14. In obitum J. Barclaii elegia. By R. Th. [1621], 4to.

Bard, Henry, Baron Bromley and Viscount Bellamont,
was the son of George Bard, vicar of Staines, in :Middle-
sex. He was educated at Eton, and afterwards at King's
College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. After
he left the university he spent some years in travelling through
Europe, and also in Turkey, Palestine, Arabia, and Egypt. On
his return to England his abilities and experiences, and
especially his knowledge of languages, introduced him into
the best society, and appearing at Court, he warmly espoused
the Royal cause in the Civil \Var which broke out shortly
afterwa rd s.
He was one of the first to take up arms at York. The Queen,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

12 9

a good discriminator of merit, being aware of his extraordinary
qualifications, procured him a colonel's commission, and sub.
sequently he was made Governor of Camden House, in
Gloucestershire, which he evacuated and burnt when it was no
longer tenable. He was also for some time Governor of
Worcester. On Nov. 22, 1643, he received the honour of
knighthood, and soon after was created a baronet, Baron of
Bromley, and Viscount Bellamont, in the kingdom of Ireland,
the latter honour being conferred upon him July 8, 1645. He
was afterwards taken prisoner by the Parliamentarians, but
obtained his release on condition of quitting the country.
After the execution of the king, he was sent by Charles II.,
then in exile, on an embassy to the Shah of Persia, in the hope
of obtaining money to enable him to recover the throne, the
Shah being under some obligation to England for the assistance
our merchant ships had given him at Ormuz.
But the embassy failed, and Lord Bellamont lost his life
in a hurricane of sand, in his journey through the deserts of
Arabia.
He had been several years a member of the Church, and
left behind him two daughters, by one of whom, Frances,
Prince Rupert had a natural son, Dudley Rupert, who served
as a volunteer at the siege of Buda, and there lost his life
in the reign of James II. After the Restoration, Lord
Bellamont's widow was reduced to apply for relief to King's
College, Cambridge, where her husband had formerly possessed
a fellowship.
Thus fortune raises noble works, which she as suddenly levels
and reduces to a heap of rubbish as a monument of the world's
ingratitude.
Dodd, Clt. His!.
I. An account of his travels in Europe, and an excursion through Turkey,
Palestine, Arabia, and Ægypt, sent to his friend and cotemporary at the
University, Dr. Charles Mason.

Barker, W. G. M. Jones, Esq.
I. The Three Days of Wens leyda Ie ; The Valley of the Yore.
By W. G. M. Jones Barker, Esq. Lond. 1854. 8vo., pp. 296. IlIus-
trated.

Barkworth, Mark, priest, martyr, who used the alias of
Lambert, was born in Lincolnshire. He was brougbt up a
roLL K

13 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Protestant, but going abroad, when twenty-two years of age,
he was converted to the Catholic faith at Douay, in Flanders,
by a Flemish Jesuit. He studied at the English College, then
at Rheims, for two years, and matriculated at the University
of Douay in I 594, after which he proceeded to the English
College at Valladolid, where he finished his studies, and was
ordained priest.
Soon after his return to England he fell into the hands of
the persecutors, and after repeated examinations he was put
upon his trial at the Old Bailey, charged with being a priest.
After some examination by the Lord Chief Justice, in which
Mr. Barkworth declined to admit that he was a priest, though
he would not deny it, his Lordship withdrew, and the Recorder,
without further ceremony, neither taking the depositions of
witnesses, having the confession of the accused, nor waiting for
the verdict of the jury, pronounced sentence upon the prisoner,
as in cases of high treason. He was sent back to Newgate,
and, on Feb. 27, 160 I, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Tyburn.
The Benedictines claim him as a member of their Order, but
are unable to produce any record of his profession.
Cltallollcr, l11"cmoirs,. Do2tay Diarics,. Snow, BC1ZCd.
Nccrology.

Barlow, Alexander, Esq., Confessor of the Faith, of
Barlow Hall, in the parish of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, five miles
S.S.\V. of l\'[anchester, was the son of Ellis Barlow, Esq., and
succeeded his father to the family estates. His mother, Anne,
was the daughter of Otys Redish, of Redish, co. Lancaster, Esq.,
and he himself took to wife Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of
George Leigh, Esq., of Manchester, younger brother of Thomas
Leigh, of High Leigh, co. Chester. Mr. Barlow was well con.
nected with families of standing, for his sister Margaret married
Edward, Earl of Derby, and he was also allied with the
Prestwiches of Hulme Hall, the Duttons, Masseys, and others.
He occupied many positions of trust, for he had acquired a
high reputation in the county, and sat in at least six Par-
liaments, as one of the members for Wigan, between 1547
and 1555. His devotion to the old faith explains his absence
from the early Parliaments of Elizabeth.
It is related that when the change took place, on the accession

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

13 1

of Elizabeth, Laurence Vaux, the Warden of the College at
iVlanchester, with the connivance of the members of the Chapter,
obtained possession of the fine plate of the College, and of the
leases and other charters relating to the College lands. Pending
another change in religion, which he, and the Fellows of the
College who retained the old faith, at that time anticipated,
the leases and charters were entrusted to the keeping of Mr.
Barlow, and the plate to Edward Standish, of Standish, Esq.
The confidence thus placed in their constancy to the faith was
not misplaced, though the anticipated change was never realized.
Vaux, who at an early date became an object of the Council's
tyrannical treatment, was restricted in I 561 to the county
of vVorcester, for refusing to conform to the new religion.
Subsequently he resided clandestinely in Lancashire, and spent
most of his latter years with his intimate friends Barlow and
Standish.
In the window of the drawing-room at Barlow Hall,
traditionally said to have been part of the domestic chapel, are
the initials "A. B.," and the date I 574. There is also the
motto, Prist ell foyt, perhaps chosen by !VIr. Barlow to indicate
his constancy to the faith of his ancestors. Two years later
the troubles of the times seem to have been gradually closing
around him; and for prudential reasons, Mr. Barlow, in 1576,
conveyed his estates in trust to his son-in-law, Edward Scaris.
brick, of Scarisbrick, Esq., and five other feoffees. His days
were now hurried to a close by the rigour of the laws against
Catholics. His mansion was searched, and he was im-
prisoned in the gaol at Salford. Here he is found with many
other Lancashire gentlemen, ladies, priests and others, at the
end of January, I 584. Just before his death, it is said that
he was removed on parole to the house of a Protestant gentle-
man in the neighbourhood of the town; but, on the other hand,
a curious inscription on the portrait of his son and namesake,
Sir Alexander Barlow, Knt., painted on the original picture in
letters of gold, states that he H died in pryson for the Catholyck
relygion."
His death occurred in August, 1584, and he was buried at
Didsbury on the 26th of that month.

Palati1le Note-Book, vol. iv. p. 205; Dom. Eliz., vol. clxvii.,
No. 41, P.R.O. / Visitatiolls of Lanc., 1567 and 1664-5.
K2

13 2

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. Reuerendissimo in Christo patri ac Domino Cutburto dej
gratia Cestrensis Episcopo, Ego suus filius humilis, ac deuotus
Alexander Barlow de Barlow in Com' Lane' obediencia' rever.
entia' et honorem toto pr'i debito, &c. Dat' in domo manerii
mei de Barlo quinto die mensis Febr' 1557. Per me Alex'
Barlow.
The title of this letter to Cuthbert Scott, the last Catholic Bishop of
Chester, is recorded by the Chester antiquary, the second Randle Holmes,
deputy to the Officers of Arms, who, pursuing his heraldic and genealogical
inquiries in 1653, was permitted by the head of the house of Barlow to
peruse the ancient evidences of the family. His notes are preserved Harl.
MS. 2112 (foL 172 seq.), Brit. lIllts.

Barlow, Sir Ale
ander, Knt., was the eldest son and
heir of Alexander Barlow, of Barlow, Esq., and Elizabeth his
wife, daughter and heiress of George Leigh, of High Leigh and
Manchester, Esq. He was perhaps the most notable repre-
sentative of the family honours, and is remembered in the
records of Douay as " that constant confessor of Christ."
Born about I 5 5 8,he was taken to Middleton Church, Sept. 22,
1562, and there espoused to Elizabeth, one of the daughters
and co-heiresses of Ralph Bellfield, of Clegg Hall, near Roch-
dale. This practice of contracting marriages between mere
children was frequently exercised in early times, especially in the
case of heiresses; and the result was rarely a happy union.
In 1574 the young man testified that he had never ratified
the alleged marriage, for being so young he did not remember
that he was ever married to the girl, or that he spoke the
words of matrimony to her. The marriage was accordingly
dissolved, and he afterwards took to wife Mary, daughter
of Sir Urian Brereton, of Handforth, co. Chester, Knt., by
whom he had an heir, Alexander, and a large family, of
whom Fr. Ambrose Barlow, a.S.B., the martyr, Fr. Rudesind
Barlow, a.S.B., and Fr. Theodore Barlow, a.S.B., were notable
members.
In 1587 he was one of twenty-five gentlemen required to
find a demi-Iance towards the Lancashire muster, and his name
frequently figures in the history of the county. Dr. Dee
records in his diary that in I 597 he lent to IVIr. Barlow a Spanish
grammar for the use of his son. Denied admission to the
English universities, this son, most likely Edward, who after-
wards took the name of Ambrose in religion, was then pre-
paring to complete his education on the Continent, and for

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

133

some time he studied at the English College at Valladolid
in Spain.
Amidst the profusion of honours scattered by James 1. In
1603, Mr. Barlow and his son Alexander were knighted at
Whitehall at the coronation festivities.
This, however, did not shield them from the persecuting
spirit of the times. Both he and his wife, with their children,
appear in the Recusant Rolls, and suffered the fines of L 20
and L 10 per month for nonconformity to the Established
Church, with the other penalties and exactions imposed on
Catholics by the cruel Acts of Elizabeth. Even the year
following his new dignity, the conscientious knight came within
the iniquitous Act, 3 James I., by which the king was
empowered to refuse the L 20 per month imposed for non-
attendance at church by the Act of 29 Eliz. c. I, and to take
two-thirds of the recusant's estates, a choice softened by the
proviso that the mansion-house should be left to the offender
as a part of his remaining lands. But these laws became more
intolerable by grants, to favourites of the king, of what was
called the benefit of the estates of recusan ts. On Jan. 19,
1609, the Barlow property came under the operation of one of
these scandalous grants, when Sir Alexander's estates were
committed to the mercies of two persons named Will. Markey
and Thos. Webber.
Sir Alexander died April 20, 1620, and was buried by torch-
light at the Collegiate Church of Manchester, so that he did
not die abroad, as is said.
By his will, dated April 14, 16 I 7, in which he termed
himself" a true and perfect recusant Catholic," he directed that
his body be buried near his father in Didsbury Church without
pomp. The reason why his instructions were not respected is
not recorded. He bequeathed to his wife "my owne picture
to keepe during her lyffe," with an injunction that it shall after-
wards remain as an heirloom at Barlow.
After the death of Thomas Barlow, Esq., in March, 1773,
the last representative of this ancient family, Sir Alexander's
portrait suffered the fate of the rest of the contents of the
venerable mansion, an early erection in the post-and-pan style.
All was dispersed, and subsequently an Act of Parliament was
procured for the sale of the Barlow Hall estate, which was sold
by public auction on Aug. 2, J 78 5, to the Egertons of Tatton.

134

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

About the end of the century Dr. James Barlow, of Black.
burn, who claimed to be the descendant of a junior branch of
the family, met with the painting at an old picture dealer's in
Manchester, in whose descendants it has since remained.
Palatz'lle Note-Book, vol. iv., Dec. 1884; Recusallt Rolls,
P.R.O.,o Visitations of Lallcashire, by Flower alld Dugdale.
I. Portrait, half-length, holding a Prim
r or Manual in his left hand
with the other uplifted, the words "Tute si me et. te " apparently proceeding
from his lips, and" Ecce" from the glory in the corner, with the supplica-
tion, " J esu Fili Dei miserere mei, Sancta Maria Mater Dei, ora pro me," at
the top of the picture. On the left-hand side is a curious inscription, the
lines in red and the lettering in gold. I t states that Sir Alexander was then
60 years of age, about 1616 therefore, and that he was son to Alex. Barlow,
Esq., who died in prison for the Catholic religion. The names of his eight
sons and six daughters, with some additional particulars, are also recorded,
and after the names of \Villiam and Edward is the letter A, or some private
mark, probably intended to denote their religious profession. The fom1er
was then the prior of the Benedictines at Douay, :md the latter had just
joined the Order, and was subsequently martyred at Lancaster. Mr. George
Barlow, of Oldham, had this portrait engraved on copper for private dis.
tribution, which is described by Booker in the" Hist. of Chorlton," pp. 265-6.
2. Portrait, drawn from the original painting by \Valter Tomlinson,
engr. by R. Langton, "Palatine Note-book," Dec. 1884. sm.4to.

Barlow, Edward Ambrose, O.S.B., martyr, alias
Brereton, was the fourth son of Sir Alexander Barlow, Knt.,
of the ancient and knightly family of Barlow Hall, near Man-
chester, where he was born, and was baptized at Didsbury,
Nov. 30, 1585. He was educated at St. Gregory's, Douay,
and afterwards was admitted into the English College, Valla-
dolid, Sept. 20, 1610 ; but before he had finished his divinity he
returned to Douay, and, following the example of his brother,
Dr. \\Till. Rudesind Barlow, was professed at the Benedictine
College there in 16 16, and was ordained priest in the following
year. Sent to England, the seat of his missionary labours was
chiefly in the southern part of his native county of Lancaster.
His mode of life is said to have been exceedingly primitive and
apostolic, and his zeal in his sacred office was so great that he
showed the utmost disregard for his personal safety in the
dangerous times in which he lived. He was several times a
prisoner before his last apprehension, which was on Easter
Sunday, April 25, 1641, in the mansion of the Tyldesleys, at
Morleys, where, having finished Mass, he was preaching to his
flock, about 100 in number, on the subject of patience. The cir-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

135

cumstances of his arrest, by the vicar of Eccles, John Jones, D.D.,
marching in his surplice at the head of his parishioners,
about 400 in number, armed with clubs and swords, is graphi-
cally related by Fr. Barlow himself. He was dragged before a
Justice of the Peace, Mr. Risley, who sent him, guarded by
sixty armed men, to Lancaster Castle.
After above four months' imprisonment, he was tried at
Lancaster, on the 7th Sept., before Sir Robert Heath, who
is said to have had instructions from the ..Government, if any
priest were convicted at Lancaster, to see the law executed
upon him as a terror to Catholics, who were very numerous in
that county.
The indictment being read, Fr. Barlow freely acknowledged
himself to be a priest, and that he had exercised his priestly
office for over twenty years in the kingdom.
He was sentenced on the following day; and on Friday,
Sept. 10, 1641, he was drawn on a hurdle to the place of
execution, at Lancaster, and there hanged and quartered.
His life is written at considerable length by Challoner, who
drew his materials from two MS. relations in the possession of
the English Benedictine College, at Douay, one of them being
written by the martyr's brother, Fr. Rudesind Barlow, O.S.B.
Dodd also relates some particulars which he received from
the Rev. Edw. Barlow, alias Booth, who was godson to the
martyr; and his biography has been written by several others.
Challo1ler, .k[emoirs; Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Engraved portrait. I8mo. Vera Effigies Rdi. P. Ambrosii
Barlow, presbyteri, et monachi congregationis Anglicanæ,
ordinis Sti. Benedicti, qui pro Christi fide, Sanguinem fudit
Lancastriæ, in Anglia, 10 Septembris, 1641; ætatis suæ anno 56.
Another referred to by Bromley, in 8vo. There is an oil painting of him
at the Bened. ColI., Douay.
Barlow, Lewis, priest, a native of Gloucestershire, was
entered a student at Douay College, in I 570, where he was
ordained priest in I 574, and in the same year was sent upon
the English mission. After several years' missionary labour,
he was at length apprehended, but released soon afterwards.
He was, however, again seized, about 1585, and after a long
and tedious imprisonment in vVisbeach Castle was banished
the realm, in April, 1603. He arrived at Douay in that month,
where he reposed until Dec. 3, following, and then once more

13 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

ventured into England, where he died full of days and merits,
in 16 I O. He is notable as being the first missioner sent from
Douay College, as Dr. Bristow was the first alumnus, and
Cuthbert Mayne the first who suffered under the sanguinary
laws of Queen Elizabeth.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Foley, Records S.].
I. He is represented in the 18 "Jesuits and Priests, as they use to
sitt at Counsell in England to further ye Catholicke Cause," a
curious and quaint engraving, published in the second part of Thomas Scott's
Vox populi, or News from Spain. 1624. 4to.; reproduced in Foley's
" Records S.J.," vol. vii. .

Barlow, William Rudesind, S. T.D., O.S.R., was the
third son of Sir Alex. Barlow, of Barlow Hall, Knt., by his
wife Mary, second daughter of Sir Urian Brereton, of Handforth,
co. Chester, Knt., and was born in 1584. He was sent to Douay,
like his brother Edward, the martyr, and was professed at Cella
N uova, Gallicia, in 1605, and three years later was ordained
priest, and took the degree of S.T.D., at Salamanca. He went
to St. Gregory's Monastery, Douay, in 161 I, and was Prior
there from 16 I 4 to 162 I. From the latter year to 1629 he
was President-General of the English Congregation, and for
forty years was Professor of Theology at the College of St.
Vedast, Douay, where he died, Sept. 19, 1656, aged 72.
He was a profound scholar, and was looked upon as one of
the first divines and canonists of his age.
Dr. Barlow was one of the principal opponents to Dr. Richard
Smith's claims as Ordinary of Great Britain.
Oliver, Collections; S ?lOW, iVecrology, O.S.B.; JVeldoll, Chron.
Notes.

I. The Enemies of God, attributed to "M. Barlow, a priest, now in
London," by Gee, " Foot out of the Snare," 1624.
2. Mandatum.
A circular letter to the English Benedictines concerning their relations to
the Vicar-Apostolic.
3. \Veldon states that "after the death of this renowned monk, a Bishop
sent to the Fathers of Douay to offer them an establishment, if they would
but make him a present of the said Father's writings. But in vain they were
sought for; for they were destroyed by an enemy."

Barnard, James, divine, was born in London, in 1733, of
Protestant parents, and was educated at the Bluecoat School.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

137

Dr. Kirk states that he went out as supercargo to a ship bound
for South America, where he became a Catholic, and was
admitted into the Bishop's seminary, and that on his return to
Europe he was admitted into the English College at Lisbon,
where he studied divinity under Mr. Preston, and was ordained
priest.
Another account states that he was sent to Seville, at an
early age, and was employed for some time in a mercantile
house in that city, in which situation, in his twenty-third year, he
became a Catholic, and soon afterwards obtained admittance into
the English College, in the same city, where he was ordained
priest, and that then, in 1758, he left Seville for the English
College at Lisbon.
Having finished his studies, he was sent on the English
mission, in 1761, and continued to labour in the London
district until he was nominated for the Presidency of Lisbon
College, in 1776, in succession to Dr. Barnard.
In 1782 he resigned that position, and returned to London,
where he succeeded Mr. Bolton in the spiritual charge of the
school at Brook Green, and also was appointed Vicar-General
of the London district, in which office he died, Sept. 12, 1803,
aged 7 o.
Kirk, B iog. Collections, ill S S.,. Cath. Mag. I 83 5.
I. The Life of the Venerable and Right Rev. Richard Chal.
loner, D.D., Bishop of Debra, and V.A. Collected from his
writings, from authentick Records, and from near Twenty Years
personal acquaintance with him. By Mr. James Barnard. Lond.
1784, 8vo., with small vignette portrait of Dr. Challoner. Some copies have
a larger portrait; Dublin, 1793. 8vo.
2. A Catechism; or Collection of some Points of Christian
Faith and Morality. Composed in verse. To which is added an
invitation to, and method of making, a spiritual retreat. Lond.
1786. 12mo.
Both the plan and execution of this work were blamed by his brethren,
and two humorous pieces in verse were written on it by the Revs.
Christ. Taylor and Willacy, one of which, printed on a broad-sheet, com-
menced: "Good morrow, Dame Coghlan! Good morrow to you, sir! Have
you anything new ? Yea, that pamphlet in blue, sir! "
3. The Apostolical Missioner, being a Discourse delivered
at the Matriculation of Messrs. Billington and Sumner at the
English College, Lisbon. Lond. 1786. 12IDO.
4. The Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, demonstrated from
the Holy Scripture, and from the Doctrine of the Primitive
Church; in a Series of Letters addressed to Dr . Joseph

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Priestley, in answer to his Letters addressed to the Rev. Dr.
Geddes. Lond. 1789. 12mo.
An excellent work which Dr. Priestley acknowledged had puzzled him
more than that of any other of his antagonists.
5. A Dialogue between a Parishioner and the Rector of his
Parish. Translated by James Barnard. Lond. 1793. 8vo.
6. A General View of the Arguments for the Divinity of
Christ and Plurality of Persons in God, from the Holy Scrip-
tures, and from the Doctrine of the Primitive Church. Lond.
1793. 12mo.
Barnes, John, O.S.B., a Lancashire man by extraction

if not by birth, was first educated at Oxford, which his con-
science obliged him to leave, and he then proceeded to the
University of Salamanca, in Spain, where he studied divinity
under the celebrated professor, Dr. John Alphonso Curiel.
He joined the Benedictine Order in St. Bennet's Monas-
tery, Valladolid, March 12, 1604, was professed the next
year, and was ordained priest Sept. 20, 1608. A few years
later he was sent to the English mission, and after some time
spent in the exercise of his ministration,. during which the
Spanish Chapter appointed him its first assistant, he was
apprehended, and banished to Normandy with several other
priests. Soon afterwards the English Benedictines invited him
to the l\Ionastery of St. Lawrence, at Dieulward, in Lorraine.
Here he lectured in divinity until called to Marchienne College,
Douay, where he was likewise employed, after which he re-
turned to England. In the year 1627 he privately resided in
the University of Oxford, for the purpose of consulting the
public library to furnish himself with matter for works he in-
tended to publish.
Some of his brethren, suspecting the dangerous influ-
ence under which he was labouring, of which he had given
sufficient inference, either dissuaded or contrived to remove him
from the mission, and for some time he resided at Paris; but his
mind being thoroughly unhinged, he looked upon himself as
little better than a prisoner, and at length showed signs of such
derangement that he was confined by order of the French king.
He was subsequently removed into Flanders, and from thence to
Rome, where he passed the remainder of his life in a state of
semi-comþos mentis. He died in August, 166 I, within the walis of
a lunatic asylum, where he had been confined for thirty years.
Unquestionably he was a man of erudition, and possessed

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

139

extraordinary talents; but he lacked judgment, humility, and
prudence, and he rendered his talents useless in a manner to
religion, injurious to himself, and inexpressibly distressing to
his Benedictine brethren.
Many things concurred to accelerate his misfortunes. He was
an enemy to the Pope's temporal power, he vigorously attacked
the loose casuists of the day upon the subject of equivocation, and
engaged in several controversies with members of his own Order.
It must be observed that in his time the Italian, the Spanish, and
the Old English Congregation had each a superior in England,
and it was felt that it would be difficult to direct the labours of
the Benedictines with success, unless amalgamated into one
Congregation. Steps were taken to procure a union, but the
adjustment of the rights and claims of the three Congregations
was a matter of tact and delicacy. While this matter was in
agitation, several of the Order, especially those belonging to the
Spanish Congregation, refused to accede to the project, and
Mr. Barnes, being a leading man of the party, published his
reasons against the proposed arrangement. He alleged that, as
they had all made profession of their obedience to their respective
superiors abroad, it was incumbent to observe it, and that the
Pope's briefs in favour of this coalition were either spurious or
grounded upon misrepresentation; and in confirmation of this
statement, he undertook to prove that there never was any
Congregation of Benedictines in England before its defection
from Rome, with the exception of the Cluniacs, and consequently
the Pope, supposing the existence of such a Congregation, was
misinformed. This argument is handled at length by Fr.
Clement Reyner, a learned Benedictine, in his "Apostolatus
Benedictinorum in Anglia," who replies to the exceptions
raised by Mr. Barnes at the end of one of the editions of his
work.
The negotiations terminated in the appointment by the Holy
See of nine Definitors, three chosen from each Congregation,
who met under the presidency of Cardinal Bentivoglio, the
Legate in France, and drew up the constitutions that were to
form the basis of the new English Congregation, which com-
prised the missionaries then ill England and the monks of the
four newly erected monasteries of St. Gregory's, at Douay, St.
Laurence's, at Dieulward, St. Benedict's, at St. Malo, in Brittany,
and St. Edmund's, at Paris. Paul V., who throughout the nego.

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

tiations had taken a deep interest in the construction of the new
Congregation, formally ratified the proceedings, and approved of
the constitution and form of government, by the brief Ex blcllm-
benti, in 1619, in which, in order to secure the missionary
character of the Congregation, he enacted that, besides the
ordinary vows, each monk on profession should take an oath to
labour on the mission in England when called upon by his
superiors. Urban VIII., in 1633, by the Bull Plmltata,
crowned the edifice, confirmed all that had been done by his
predecessors, endowed the Congregation with privileges, and
enacted that it should be the only Congregation in England,
commanding all other Benedictines either to join or to return
to their monasteri
s.

Dodd, Ch. Hist. II.
. Snow, Benedictine Necrology
. Oliver,
Collections.

I. Dissertatio contra Equivocationes. Paris, 1625. 8vo. In which
he attacks the arguments of Persons and Lessius. It was translated into
French, Paris, 1625. sm. 8vo.
2. Examen Trophæorum Congregationis Prætensæ Anglicanæ,
Ordinis S. Benedicti. Rhemis, 1622. 8vo.
This must have been an attempt to answer Fr. Edward Mayhew's work,
edited in 1619.
3. Catholico.Romanus Pacificus. Oxon, 1680. 12mo.
The MS. of this work, which is a libel on the Holy See, falling into
Protestant hands, was published by them in the year mentioned.
Dr. Isaac Basire, in a work entitled "Diatriba de Antiqua Eccl.
Britannicæ Libertate," borrows three entire chapters from the MS.; it
appeared at Bruges in 1656, and was afterwards translated into English in
1661 by Richard Watson. Dr. Barnes's MS. was also remitted into Browne's
" Fasciculus Rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum," tom. ii., 1690, fo1.
4. A Treatise of the Supremacy of Councils.
5. The Spiritual Combat.
A translation from the Spanish of John Castaniza.

Barnes, Stephen, priest, a native of the diocese of Salis-
bury, was admitted into the English College, Rome, in Oct.
1596, at the age of twenty, where he was ordained priest
April 2 I, 160 I. He left the college with the intention of
returning to England, but was detained at Douay College to
teach theology, which he did for nearly two years, and then
proceeded to the English mission in May, 1605.
In 16 I I he became confessor to the English Augustinian
nuns at St. Monica's Convent, Louvain, and continued in that

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

141

office for forty-two years, dying there, Jan. I, 1 6 53, aged 77.
Frequent mention is made of this holy priest in Fr. l\lorris's
"Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers."
Foley, Records SJ., Roman Diary
. Clzalloncr, fifemoirs;
Dodd, CIt. His!.
I. Bishop Challoner in his account of the martyrdom of Eustachius
White, priest, in 1591, refers to a MS. written by Mr. Stephen Barnes, priest,
who was acquainted with Mr. \Vhite; but if he be the same as the subject
of this memoir, he must have been very young at the time.

Barnstaple, Robert, a gentleman who devoted his time
chiefly to literature, was for some time in the service of Cardinal
Allen. In the year 1588 he resided at Venice, and published a
defence of Mary Queen of Scots.
Dodd, Clt. Hist.
I. Maria Stuarta Innocens. Ingolst. 1588, 8vo.; Colon. 1628, 8vo.

Baron, James, schoolmaster, born at Blackburn in 1817,
was educated at Stonyhurst, where he passed through the
complete course, and subsequently held professorships at Prior
Park and the Luso-British College, Lisbon.
In 1849 he opened an academy for young gentlemen at
Lytham, in the Fylde, Lancashire. Here for many years he
met with great success, and many distinguished Catholics
have received the rudiments of their education under l\lr.
Baron. Latterly he was unable to contend with the greater
facilities for primary education offered by the ecc1esiastic
1
colleges, and his school had a very chequered existence.
He married a Miss Fanny Green, of Preston, and had one
son, James, and five daughters. He died at St. Helens,
Feb. 23, 1883, aged 65.
l\lr. Baron was highly respected by all who knew him, and
his memory is held in esteem by those whose early education
he superintended.
He was brother to the Rev. Peter F. Baron, of Puddington,
Cheshire.
Catholic Directories.

Barret, John, D.D., was descended from an ancient family
seated at Lynn, in Norfolk, where he was born. After having
assumed the habit of a Carmelite in his native town, he was

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

sent to Cambridge, where he proceeded D.D., in 1533, which
degree Archbishop Cranmer had refused to confer upon him.
In I 542 he was made reader in theology at the Chapter-house,
Norwich, with a salary of ;[4 for reading a lecture from eight
till nine o'clock A.M. on any Tuesday or Thursday except the
ferz'æ of the Nativity, the octaves of Easter, &c. After the
dissolution of the monasteries, he obtained a dispensation to
hold a living, and accordingly, May 2, 154 I, he was instituted
to the rectory of Hetherset, in Norfolk, which he resigned the
next year. He remained firm and steady to his religion during
the boisterous days of Henry VIII. Some pains were indeed
taken to induce him to conform under Edward VI., and
though his complaisance to the reformers led some to suspect
him, and even issue a report of his secession, he retained his
faith throughout. He was instituted to the rectory of Cantley,
in Norfolk, in 1550, and to that of St. :L\Iichael-at-Plea, in
Norwich, resigning the latter benefice in I 560, when the
stringent laws of Elizabeth made it impossible for him to
retain it. He had obtained the living of Bishopthorpe during
IVlary's reign, in I 558, and he was also a canon of Norwich.
Though his great age hindered him from being of service to the
cause of religion during the latter reign, he gave sufficient proofs
of his sentiments and affections.
He died July 12, 1563, bequeathing his books to the church
of Norwich, where he was buried.

Dodd, Clt. Hz's!.; Cooþer, A thell. OX07Z./ Bz'blz'o!heca Car-
mclz'talla AurilÙmis, tom. ii. p. 790.

I. Reformationes Joannis Trissæ, Carmelitæ, Lib. I, Incipit:
Radulphus Alemannus de pro.
2. In D. Paulum Annotationes, Lib. I, Incipit: Paulus aut em
binomius, &c.
3. In Primam Joannis Epistolam Canonicam, Lib. I, Incipit :
Qui in re Theologica.
4. Orationes ad Clerum, Lib. I, Incipit: Etsi fides totius
Ecclesiæ.
5. Ad Robertum Watsonum, Hæreticum incarceratum, Epis.
tolam. Printed in the Aetiologio of Robert \Vatson, 1556, 12mo. Incipit:
Etsi liberæ quas, &c.
6. Homilies, Lib. I, in English.
7. Collectanea quædam in communes locos digest a ex cru.
ditioribus celebrioribusque Germanorum Protestantium scrip-
toribus. 3 vols. MSS. in Corpus Christi College.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

143

Barret, Richard, D.D., President of Douay, a native
of the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, entered the English
College, Douay, Jan. 28, I 576, from whence he removed to the
College at Rome, and became Doctor of Divinity, which was
conferred upon him in the Itaiian College, Sept. 15, 1582.
The same year, at Dr. Allen's invitation, he arrived at Rheims,
Nov. 3, and was appointed Professor of Divinity in the English
College.
Upon Allen's promotion, Dr. Barret succeeded to the
Presidency of the College, and was installed by the Cardinal
himself, Oct. 3 I, I 588, being about the same time made a
Canon of the Cathedral Church. "VVhile he was President at
Rheims, he was frequently invited by the magistrates of Douay
to return with the college to the place of its original establish-
ment; but the matter requiring time and consideration, the
invitation was not answered effectually until some years later.
The number of students increasing daily, and the revenues of
the college proving inadequate, Dr. Barret was obliged to dis-
pense with supernumeraries, and the English College at
Rome took some of the students, and a small communíty,
established by Fr. Parsons in Normandy, received others.
Several were sent to the English College at Valladolid, in
Spain, and some returned to Douay in view of the college being
removed there, which wa::; effected not long after. On June 23,
1593, Dr. Barret, with the majority of the professors and
students, set out for Douay, leaving behind Mr. Vavasour,
the Vice-President, with the remainder and the servants, to
retain possession till they could remove their effects. This
removal occasioned a considerable alteration in their economy.
IVlany of the older doctors and professors entirely left the
college, and looked out for a subsistence elsewhere, so that the
students were under the necessity of frequenting the Jesuit
schools, and an English Jesuit was even appointed to be the
common confessor to the college. This custom continued
several years, till the clergy in a body resented the innovation,
and Dr. Kellison restored things to their ancient course. Dr.
Barret governed the college till his death, l\iay 20, 1599, when
he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas Worthington, whose sub-
mission to the influence of Fr. Persons engendered a feeling of
intense bitterness on the parr of the seculars, who considered
their interests in great jeopardy.

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Dr. Barret's complaisance to the Jesuits prepared the way
for later encroachments, and he not only succeeded in alien-
ating the sympathies of the most influential of the clergy, but
lost the respect and affection of those whom he governed, by
his display of ill-temper and bis disobliging spirit; for, as
Nicholas Fitzherbert observes in his life of Cardinal Allen,
"erat natura paula severior, et iracundior." But perhaps his
greatest misfortune was the disadvantage in which he was placed
by being successor to a man of such exalted merit as the emi-
nen t Cardinal Allen.

Dodd, Ch. Hist.

I. Some correspondence of Dr. Barret with Fr. Persons and others is
printed in Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii.

Barrett, Basil Richard, Rev., was the seventh child of
John Briant Barrett, of l\1ilton House, near Abingdon, co. Berks,
Esq., by vVinefrid, daughter of John Eyston, of East Hundred,
co. Berks, Esq. He was born at Milton House, May I I, 178 I,
and was baptized by his father's chaplain, Mr. Joseph Syers.
Mr. James Butler, the father of the learned counsel, Charles
Butler, who five years previously had married Mrs. Barrett's
sister, stood godfather, and :Mrs. Maire, of Lartington, was the
godmother. In Aug. 1790, his father sent him to St. Orner's
College, where he remained until forced to return to England
by the events of the French Revolution. When the refugees
from cDouay College had firmly established themselves at Crook
Hall, in Durham, Mr. Barrett joined them in June, 1795, and
here, with his elder brother, George, in due course was ordained
priest. This was previous to the removal of the college to
Ushaw in 1808, and apparently he was ordained priest about
July, 1806. Pocklington was probably his first mission, where
he was in 1809; subsequently he removed to Yealand, in
Lancashire, a mission established in 1782, in place of the chap-
laincy at Leighton Hall, the seat of the Gillows, where the
chapel had been regularly served during all the times of perse-
cution. Here he wrote his" Analysis" and the" Life of Cardinal
Ximenes," but his bealth failing he repaired to the south, and
was at Bath in 18 I 8. For a short time it is believed that he
did missionary duty at Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, London, but the
strain on his mental constitution, caused by a vain attempt to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

145

square the circle, had so impaired his health, that he was placed
under the care of Dr. Fox, at Bristol, in 1821, and subse-
quently, in 1829, was removed to Froidemont, in Belgium, an
establishment for the care of invalid priests, where he died
IVlay 3, 18 5 8 , aged 77.
His brother, James \Villialn Barrett, Esq.. was the first
Catholic solicitor admitted on the Rolls after the passing of the
Act of George III., by which Catholics were enabled to prac-
tise as solicitors in England; and he was one, if not the last, of
the survivors of the English College at Douay, dying Feb. 20,
1864, in his 88th year.
Barrett 1I1S5. ill possession of C. F. Corllcy, Esq.
I. Pretensions to a Fi.-ual Analysis of the Nature and Origin
of Sublimity, Style, Beauty, Genius, and Taste; with an Appen-
dix. explaining the Causes of the Pleasure which is derived from
Tragedy. Lond. 1812. 8vo.
2, The Life of Cardinal Ximenes. Lond. 1813. 8vo.
3. A Mathematical Treatise showing how the Circle can be
Squared. MS.
This work Mr. Barrett sent to Sir Humphrey Davy, Bart., to examine,
who politely returned it, saying that he did not understand the calculations;
whereupon Mr. Barrett said, " No, they are too deep for him."

Barrow, John, Rev., was the son of Edward Barrow and
his wife Ann Hull, of vVestby-in-the.Fylde, Lancashire, where
he was born, May 13, 1735.
The Barrows of \Nestby-cum-Plumpton were an old Catholic
yeomanry family, originally seated at Weeton-cum-Prees.
They remained staunch to the end, though they suffered
heavily in fines and imprisonment from the time of the
penal statutes enacted during the reign of Elizabeth to that of
George 1.
Mr. Barrow's great-uncle, Fr. Edward Barrow, S.]., served the
mission at vVestby Hall in 17 I 7, when he was convicted of being
a Popish priest, and outlawed. His goods were seized and sold,
and the description of the search of his premises, and for the
worthy priest himself, as sent up to the Commissioners for
Forfeited Estates, rather resembles the worst period of the
penal laws than that of the eighteenth century. The good
Father, however, was a match for his persecutors, which is rather
amusingly shown in the letters of l\1r. Slaughter, the Accountant-
VOL. I, L

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

General to the Commissioners. He was a man of extra-
ordinary force of character, and was a keen sportsman.
On Feb. 17, 1749, IVlr. Barrow was admitted into the
English College, Rome, but left to return to England, June 15,
1756, having been more than seven years in the Eternal
City.
When he arrived in England be was seized at Portsmouth by
a press-gang, and compelled to serve for seven years in one of
his Majesty's ships. On one occasion he was severely wounded
in the hand, and tradition states that he at length escaped from
his ship, when stationed off Dunkirk, by leaping through a port-
hole into the sea and swimming ashore. When retaken and tried
by court-martial, he only got off by pretending to speak no other
language than Italian, and when told by the president he was
acquitted and might go, he had the presence of mind to appear
not to understand him, and said to his interpreter, " Che dice? "
(\Vhat does he say?)
In Nov. 176 I, be was again in London, acting as escort to
two young ladies, going to the Continent to embrace the
religious life. These he conducted to the convent of Poor
Clares at Gravelines, where one of his sisters was a nun, and
the next day he started for Douay, to finish his preparation for
the priesthood.
Here he remained until June 27, 1766, and was ordained
priest.
\Nhen in London, he appears to have stayed at the house
in Red Lion Square occupied by the Milners, the parents of the
illustrious Bishop l\1ilner.
His journey to Lancashire was performed 011 horseback, and
be describes himself in a letter to an old schoolfellow, the Rev.
Christopher Taylor, of Biggleswade, in Bedfordshire, with more
point than delicacy, U as forced to bump down with irrepressible
pain to Standish," on his way t
the good old Bishop Petre, then
living at Shorley. On the following morning he resumed his
journey for Claughton, in Lancashire, a mission which had
formerly been attached to the Hall, the seat of the ancient
family of Brockholes.
Here he arrived on July 13, 1766, and in the letter just
quoted he calls himself the" Old Tar of Claughton," and ex-
presses his hope of remaining there" while his old timbers will
stick together." His hopes were fulfilled; he died at Claughton,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

147

Feb. 12, 181 I, in the 76th year of his age, and was buried
at the adjoining mission of Newhouse.
Mr. Barrow was a man of most remarkable character, of a
strong domineering will, of invincible courage and untiring
industry. His residence in Italy and France had given him a
command of the Italian and French languages; he wrote Latin
with ease, and there was a power and directness in his use of
his native tongue which simply riveted the reader's attention.
He may sometimes have shown but scant courtesy to the wishes
or commands of his own Bishop, but he insisted that everybody
else should be obedient and deferential to ecclesiastical authority.
Of course his first care was that everything in the parish should
be arranged according to his ideas of what they should be.
Twice he effected great alterations in the church; the second
time, in 1794, he greatly enlarged it, and to this day it remains
substantially what he left it.
He held the office of overseer of roads to the township of
Claughton, and some characteristic stories are recorded of his
modus operandi by which the roads of Claughton became the
wonder of the neighbouring townships.
As agent for the Secular Clergy Fund he rendered inesti-
mable service in reorganizing the investments; and U shaw owes
him a debt of gratitude for the active part he took in the nego-
tiations with Sir Edward Smythe for the acquirement by
exchange of the land on which the college stands.
The Rev. Robert Gradwdl, afterwards coadjutor-bishop to
Dr. Bramston, succeeded Mr. Barrow to the mission of Claughton,
but when he was appointed Rector of the English College,
Rome, in 18 I 7, his brother, the Rev. Henry Gradwell, took
charge of the mission, and since his death, in 1860, their
nephew, l\lgr. Robert Gradwell, has been the rector of the
parish.

Gradwell, Hist. Sketch of Mission of Claughto71, Li'ixYþool
Cath. AlmaJlac, 1885 ; Kirk, Biog. CollectioJls, fliSS., Archiepisc.
Archives
' Gillow, Lanc. ReCllSallts, MS.

1. His name appears in the list of Douay writers, but no description of
his publications has been recorded. In all probability he contributed to the
controversy between the Catholic Committee and their opponents.
In an unpublished letter to Bishop Berington, with whom he was not
unfairly matched, he signs himself bluntlr," Yours with the utmost contempt,
L2

14 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

John Barrow;" and one to Charles Butler, the Secretary of the Committee, he
concludes with " Yours without the least respect, J. B."
Still, the value of his trenchant advocacy was acknowledged by the autho-
rities at Rome, and there is preserved at Claughton a letter in Latin from
a Cardinal Secretary of State, in which his fidelity to the Holy See and his
zeal in championing its cause are set forth in warm terms.

Barrow, William, Father S.J., martyr, who sometimes
was known under the names of Waring and Harcourt, was
born in 1610, and probably was a younger son of John Barrow,
of "VVeeton-cum-Prees, in Lancashire, yeoman, a stout recusant
in the reign of James 1. His mother, Margaret, whose maiden
name was probably \Varing, was also fined for her recusancy,
12 J ac. 1., 1613-4, and her son Edward Barrow, of"VV eeton,
yeoman, likewise appears in the Rolls I Car. 1., 1625-6, and
in later years.
Fr. Barrow made his humanity studies at St. Omer's College,
and entered the Society in 1632. He was sent to England
in 1644-5, and was a missioner in London for thirty-five years,
deservedly loved by all who knew him.
In 1671 he was Procurator for the Province in London, and
was declared Rector of St. Ignatius College there, in 1678.
This rendered him conspicuous, and from the commencement
of the Oates Plot, in the latter year, he was marked out for
.death as one of its special victims, and before his arrest had
more than one narrow escape.
He \vas urged to retire to the Continent, and an oppor-
tunity of doing so was offered, but he preferred, in his charity,
to face the danger and sacrifice his life in the service of his
brethren in their distress, and especially of those already in
prison.
By constant change of dress and lodgings, he eluded the
pursuivants until May 7, when he was betrayed by a servant
of the house in which he was living, and committed by
the Privy Council to Newgate. He was tried at the Old
Bailey Sessions, June I 3, 1679, with Fr. "VVhitbread, the
Provincial, and Frs. Caldwell, Gavan, and Turner, condemned
to death, and suffered with them at Tyburn, June 20-30,
following.

Fole)', Records Sf., vol. v., and Collcctanea
' Cillo'Ll', Lal!ca..
shire RccZtsants, M S,
. Challoller, l/fclIloirs.

OF THE EXGLISH CA TIIOLICS.

149

I. The Tryals and Condemnation of Thomas White, alias
Whitebread, Provincial of the Jesuits in England, William
Harcourt, Pretended Rector of London, John Fenwick, Procu-
rator for the Jesuits in England, John Gavan, alias Gawen, and
Anthony Turner, all Jesuits and Priests, for High Treason,
in conspiring the Death of the King, the Subversion of the
Government, and Protestant Religion, At the Sessions in the
Old-Bailey for London and Middlesex, on Friday and Saturday,
being the 13th and 14th of June 1679. Published by Authority.
Lond., 1679, foì.; title, 1 leaf; pp. 95.
One of a series of State tracts, published by the Government.
2. Samuel Smith, Chaplain of N ewgate, and J\1inister of the Gospel, also
published an account of the Behaviour of the five martyred Fathers and
others, in 1679. It is given in Cobbett's" State Trials," vol. vii. pp. 570 seq.
3. A Remonstrance of Piety and Innocence, containing the
last Devotions and Protestations of several Roman Catholics
Condemned and Executed on account of the Plot (Ireland,
Whitebread, Harcourt, Gavan, Fenwick, Langhorn, Viscount
Stafford, Archbp. Plunket, &c.), faithfully taken from their own
mouths as they spoke them, &c. 1683. 18mo.
4. Portrait, R. P. Gulielmus Waringus Societatis Jesu Sa-
cerdos. Fidei odio Suspensus et dissectus ad Tibourn propé
Londinum, 20-30 Junii 1679. Martin Bouche, scu!. Antverpiæ,
sm. 4to., in Fr. Mat. Tanner's Brevis Relatio, Pragæ, 1683.

Bartlett, Richard, M.D., a native of vVorcestershire,
brother to Edward Bartlett, of Castle-l\forton in that county

was educated at All Souls' College, Oxford. In 1503 he was
admitted bachelor of physic, and on Nov. 3. 1508, he suppli-
cated to proceed in physic, "but whether," says vVood (Fasti,
Oxon), "he was admitted, or did really proceed, does not, by
the neglect of the Registrar, appear." He was the first Fellow
admitted into the College of Physicians, but the date of his
admission is not recorded. He was appointed Elect, in I 523 ;
was six times Consiliarius-viz., 1526, 1529, 1530, 1541,
1545. and 154 6 ; Censor in 1542 ; and he filled the office of
President in 1527,1528, 1531,and 1548. He died in 1556-7,
at his house in Blackfriars, London. and was buried in the
church of St. Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield. "This good
and venerable old man," says Dr. Caius (Annales, vol. i.),
., was famous for his learning, great knowledge, and experience
in physic, died in the eighty-seventh year of his age, at \vhose
funeral the President and College attended; it being the first
time that the statute-book of the college, adorned with silver,
was carried before the President."

150

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

He had acquired very considerable lands in Cadesdon and
Denton, Oxfordshire, and Edgware, Middlesex; the last named
he granted to
t\ll Souls' College, by deed dated May 7, 2 & 3
Phil. and Mary, in consideration that daily masses should be
celebrated in the chapel for the souls of himself, of his wife
Anne, &c. The salary of the celebrating priest was to be 20d.
per week, or 5s. 8d, per month.
Dodd, CIt. His!.; llfwlk, Roll. of the Roy. ColI. of P hysicimzs.

Barton, Elizabeth, called the Holy Maid of Kent, a
native of Aldington in that county, is a character about
whom there has been considerable historical divergence; and,
perhaps, a 'careful examination of the official documents, and
the circumstances under which her reported confessions were
extracted and recorded, might throw a different complexion
on her life than that which has been hitherto popularly
received.
She is said to have been occasionally subject to fits, in the
paroxysms of which she often burst into vehement and
appalling exclamations, and periodically, about the beginning
of December, to a trance of a few days' duration, after which
she would narrate the wonders that she had seen in the world
of spirits, under the guidance and tuition of an angel.
By the neighbours" her sufferings and sayings were attributed
to some preternatural agency; she herself insensibly partook
of the illusion; and l\'Iasters, the clergyman of the parish,
advised her to quit the village, and to enter the convent of
St. Sepulchre, in Canterbury. In her new situation her ecstasies
and revelations were multiplied, and Archbishop \Varham, at
a loss to form a satisfactory judgment. appointed Bocking, a
monk of Christchurch, her confessor.
Bocking soon professed himself a believer in her inspired
character, and both Sir Thomas lVIore and Cardinal Fisher
appear to have gone over to his opinion.
The maid grew less reserved in her predictions, and occa-
sionally rose to higher and more dangerous matters. \Vhilst
the great cause between Henry and Catherine was yet pending
in the court of the Legates, she informed vVolsey, at the com-
mand of her angel, that if he ventured to pronounce a divorce,
God would visit him with the most dreadful chastisement; and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

15 1

after Wolsey's death she stated to ber friends that God bad
shown to her an evil root buried in the earth, out of which
three shoots had sprung; a vision interpreted to mean that
the king, with the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, were now
carrying into execution the evil projects devised by the late
Cardinal. She even admonished Henry in person, at the
command of her angel, that if he were to marry Anne Boleyn
while Catherine was alive, he would no longer be looked upon
as a king by God, and that Catherine's daughter, Mary, then
regarded by the recently passed laws as one born out of wed-
lock, would ascend the throne in her own right.
Years had elapsed since Henry first heard of the maid, her
visions, and prophecies. But when he had publicly acknow-
ledged his second marriage, he deemed it necessary to close
her mouth and prevent the circulation of her preàictions by
severity of punishment.
The nun was taken from ber convent, and examined in
private, first by Cranmer alone, and then by Cromwell and
Cranmer together.
That by dint of argument and authority they should draw
from her an admission that her supposed revelations from
heaven were the delusions of her own distempered brain, and
that she felt a gratification in communicating them to others,
is probable enough; and, in their official report, she is said to
have confessed that "her predictions were feigned of her own
imagination only, to satisfy the minds of them which resorted
to her, and to obtain worldly praise."
The chief of her friends and advisers had been already
.apprehended; after several examinations, all were arraigned
in the Star Chamber, and adjudged to stand during the sermon,
at St. Paul's Cross, and to confess the imposture. From the
cross they were led back to prison, to await the royal pleasure.
But the king was not satisfied: he determined that they
should die; and thus leave behind them an awful warning to
those who might feel disposed to make him the subject of their
visions and prophecies.
A bill of attainder was brought into the House of Lords, of
.attainder of treason against the maid, and her assumed abettors,
Edward Bocking and John Deering, two Benedictine monks of
Christchurch in Canterbury, Richard Risby and Hugh Rich,
Franciscans, with Richard Masters, parson of Aldington, and

15 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Henry Gold, priest; and of misprision of treason against Sir
Thomas lVIore, late Lord Chancellor, John Fisher, Bishop of
Rochester, and others, charged with having known of her pre-
dictions without revealing them to the king.
To sustain the charge of treason, it was presumed that the
communicators of such prophecies must have had in view to
bring the king into peril of his crown and life; and, if this
were treason, it followed of course that to be acquainted with
such facts, and yet conceal them, amounted to the legal offence
of misprision of treason.
The accused were not brought to trial. The confession of
imposture wrung from them, or the official reports to that
purport, were deemed sufficient, and though the Lords passed a
resolution to inquire of the king if it should be his pleasure
that Sir Thomas More and the rest of the accused should be
brought to the Star Chamber, no defence was allowed. The
bill was hurried through the two Houses, and received the
royal assent.
The parties attainted of treason were drawn from the Tower
to Tyburn] and there hanged, April 2 I, 1534; the nun's head
was set on London Bridge, and those of the two secular priests,
the two Benedictines, and the two friars, were placed on the
gates of the city.
Elizabeth Barton is not only reprcsented to have confessed
her delusion, but to have thrown the burden of her offence on hcr
companions in punishmcnt. She had been, she said, the dupe
of her own credulity, but then she was only a simple woman,
whose ignorance might be an apology for her conduct, while
they were learned clerks, who, instead of encouraging, should
have detected and exposed the illusion.
It is but just to say, however, that Sanders in his history
of the Schism gives another character of the Holy Maid of
IZent, and, indeed, Cardinal Fisher and Sir Thomas More were
neither of them unfavourably prepossesscd against her, but
rather the reverse.
The latter in his letter to Cromwell (Burnet, v. 485, ed.
Pocock) says, "Howbeit, of a truth, I had a great good opinion
of her, and had her in great estimation, as you shall perceive
by the letter I wrote unto her." He had carefully tested the
spirit of the nun, and was unable to discover in it any trace of
that fanaticism which was maliciously laid to her charge at the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

153

time. \Vhen asked his opinion by the king, Sir Thomas
stated that he saw nothing in her reported expressions which
any simple woman might not have spoken herself without any
assistance from others, and he does not seem to have thought
that she was abetted, or that there was any treasonable con-
spiracy.
Li1lgard, His!. of Ellg., ed. 1849, vol. v. pp. 23-7; Lewis,
Anglican Schism by Sanders.

Bassett, Joshua, Master of Sidney College, Cambridge,
was born and educated at Lynn Regis, where his father, John
Bassett, was a merchant. At the age of sixteen, Oct. 13,
1657, he was admitted a sizar in Gonville and Caius College,
Cambridge. In 1664 he was Junior Fellow of that College,
and Senior in 1673. He became S.T.B., and in 1686 was
appointed fifth Master of Sidney Cc,uege, on the death of Dr.
l\1ynshull, by a mandamus of James II.
Akerman (" Hist. of the U niv. of Camb.," vol. ii. p. 272)
says that he was then a Catholic, and not only caused mass to
be said publicly within the walls of his college, but procured
an alteration of the statutes for the accommodation of himself
and those of his communion. The altar-piece of his chapel
was the Sacred Symbol and the monogram I.H.S. in a glory
surrounded by cherubim. It is said in the History of Lynn to
be hanging over one of the doors in the college audit-room.
Upon the revocation of King James's mandamuses, in Dec.
1688, Mr. Bassett left the college so suddenly as to have
abandoned a great part of his own private property, of which
it appears that he afterwards vainly endeavoured to obtain
restitution. He was informed, in answer to an applica-
tion which he made for that purpose to his successor, that
if he did not desist he would be informed against as a Popish
priest.
The historian of Lynn (l\IackerE:lI) says this account of the
injustice done to lVIr. Bassett" was given by the present worthy
l\laster of Jesus College, Dr. Ashton, who remembered the
time and transactions thereof."
He lived to be a very old man, and died, says Mr. Cole, at
London, in no very affluent circumstances, as we may well
imagine.

154

nIBLIOGR
\PIIICAL DICTIONARY

Kirk, MS. Biog. Collectiolls, Archiepisc. Archives; Cole's Collec.
lio1ls, .illS., vol. xx. I 17, Brit. JrIus.,o Jones, Chethalll Poþeyy
Tracts, Che/kam Soc.
I. An Essay towards a proposal for a Catholick Communion.
1704, 8vo.; 1705, 8vo.; 1801,8vo.
After the Rcvolution the work was seized, and very soon disappeared.
The author was searched for by a warrant from a Secretary of State.
Hearne says, in his" MS. Journal" in the Bodleian, and it is also stated in the
Essay itself in the Bodleian, "2, 19, H. Aug. 3, 1705," that he was told by
Dr. Grabe that 1\1r. Bassett was the author, and that the observations upon
it were by Mr. Edward Stephens, "The Essay towards a proposal for a
Catholic Communion, &c., lately published by a (pretended) minister of the
Church of England," 1705, 8vo.
2. Verses on the Accession of James II. 1684-5.
3. Reason and Authority; or the Motives of a late Pro-
testant's reconciliation to the Catholick Church, together with
Remarks upon some late Discourses against Transubstantiation.
Publisht with allowance. Lond., Henry Hills, 1687, 4to., pp. 13 0 .
Dodd attributes this work to Gother, which can scarcely be true, for the
writer represents himself as having been converted after the publication of
Tillotson's (afterwards Archbp. of Canterbury) Discourse against Transub-
stantiation, which was published in 1685. It is possible, however, that
Gother may have helped
Ir. Bassett.
The main object of the work is to attack this Discourse of Tillotson's, and
also that of Dr. \Vake, Archbp. of Canterbury. In his Certamen, Dodd
places the work against Stephens.
4. Verses on the Birth of the Prince of Wales. 1688.
5. Verses on the Death of the Duke of Albemarle. 17 00 .
6. Ecclesiæ Theoria Nova Dodwelliana Exposita, cui acces.
sit rerum quæ indiligentes lectores fugiant indiculus (ad H.
Dodwellum Epistola super) nupera sua, ad exteros Parænesi.
Londini, 1713; 8vo.; written against Henry Dodwell.
8. A Collection of what Authors say concerning the Church
of England's Ordination. l\'lS.
This work shows Mr. Bassett to have been a man of extensive reading,
and an able controversialist, and to have acted in his conversion fmm a
thorough conviction of mind.

Eates, or Battie, Anthony, martyr, a gentleman in Y ork-
shire, was executed at York, lVIarch 22, 1602, for having enter-
tained in his house James Harrison, knowing him to be a priest.
They were both hanged at the same time and place.
Ckal/Oller, Memoirs.

Bates, Thomas, was a servant of Robert Catesby, Esq.,
and was an accomplice of his master in the Powder Plot, for

OF TI-IE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

155

which he was tried, Jan. 27, 1605, and pleaded guilty. He
was executed in St. Paul's Churchyard, three days later, with
others engaged in the same conspiracy.
Dodd, Ch. His!.

Batt, William Anthony, O.S.B., was born in Wiltshire,
and was educated at the English College, Douay. He was
ordained in 1604, and was professed at St. Laurence's l\lonas-
tery, Dieulward, in 16 IS.
After serving on the mission, he returned to St. Edmund's,
Douay, and was again at Dieulward in 163 I. In 1641 he was
Superior and Novice Master at La Celle, and returned to St.
Edmund's, Douay, in 1642. \Veldon (" Chronological Notes ")
says th?t "he was a great promoter and practiser of regular
discipline, a famous translator of many pious books into English.
He wrote a most curious hand, and spent much of his time at
La CelIe, where there is a Catechism of a large size, which he
composed at the instance of some of the Fathers in the mission."
He died at Paris, Jan. 12, 1651.
Oliver, Collectiolls
' Snow, Bazed. iVecrology.
I. A Heavenly Treasure of Comfortable Meditations and
Prayers. Written by S. Augustin, Bishop of Hyppon, in three
severall treatises of his Meditations, Soliloquies, and Manual.
Faithfully translated into English by the R. F. Anthony Batt,
Monke of the Holy Order of S. Bennet of the Congregation of
England. At S. Omers, for John Heigham, 1624. 18mo. Ded. "To
the most illustrious Lord and our most Rev. Father in Christ, the Lord
Gabriel Gifford de S. Maria, Archbishoppe and Duke of Rheimes, first
Peere of Fraunce, &c., our good and gratious Lord," pp. 17 ; Approbation
to p. 20; Meditations, pp. 21-186; Second title, " The Booke of S. Augustin,
Bishop of H yppon, commonlie called his Soliloquies, that is, the secret dis-
courses and conferences of his soule with God. At S. Omers, for John
Heigham, 1624," pp. 187 to 330; Third title, "The Manual of S. Augustin,
Bishopp of Hyppon, otherwise tearmed a little booke treating of the contem-
plation of Christ, or the \V orde of God, stirring up our weake and drousie
memorie to the desire of heavenlie felicitie. At S. Omers, John Heigham,
162 4;" pp. 33 1 to 405 ; table, 2 pp.
This work is referred to by Gee, in his" Foot out of the Snare," 162-1-, as
"by Antho. Bat, a Frier, now in London," and bears the monogram I.H.S.
which was frequently used by others besides the Jesuits in early times.
2. A Hive of Sacred Honie-combes, containing most sweet
and heavenlie Counsel: taken out of the Workes of the Melli-
fluous Doctor S. Bernard, Abbot of Clareval. Faithfully trans-

156

BIBLIOGR.\PHICAL DICTIONARY

lated into English by R. Fa. Antonie Batt, Monke of the H olie-
Order of S. Bennet, of the Congregation of England. Douar,.
1631, sm. 8vo.; over 600 pp. Ded. to Queen Henrietta Maria from Dieul-
ward, Feb. 13, 163I.
:). A Rule of Good Life. Translated into English by A. B.,.
1633. 16mo.
4. Thesaurus Absconditus in Agro Dominico inventus, in
duas partes. I. Precationes. II. Meditationes. Paris, 16.,p. Izmo.
5. The Mourning of the Dove; or, of the great Benefit and
Good of Teares. III. Bookes, Written in Latin by the most
Illustrious Card. Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, and trans-
lated into English by A. B. Permissu Super. 1641, 18mo.; title,
I leaf; Epistle of Translator, signed A. B., pp. 3-8; preface, pp. 9-16; pp.
17-546; Index,2 leaves.
6. A Catechism. ::'lIS. at La Celle.

Bavant, John, D.D., was educated in the University of
Oxford, where he was one of the first Fellows and first Professor
of Greek in St. John's College, upon the founder's nomination.
He proceeded lV1.A. in 1552, and was generally esteemed for
his great talents and learning. The fact of his being tutor to
two such celebrated writers as Edmund Campion and Gregory
Martin, is alone evidence of his abilities.
Subsequently he left Oxford, and retired abroad to pursue
his theological studies at Rheims and Rome, and he was created
Doctor of Divinity. He returned from Rome in company with
Dr. Allen to the CoIlege at Rheims in 1580, and in the follow-
ing year he ventured into England during the hottest period of
persecution.
After a considerable time spent in missionary labour, he was
at length apprehended, and committed prisoner to \Visbeach
Castle, where he was detained for several years until his death,
the date of which has not been recorded.
He was one of the six assistants to the Archpriest nominated
by Cardinal Cajetan in J 598. He probably died soon after in
the prison at vVisbeach.
Dodd, Cft. His!.
. Doltay Diaries
. Brad.;', Episc. Successioll.

I. He was probably engaged in the
ïsbeach controver
y.

Bawden, William, Father S.J., who used the alias
of Baldwin, was a native of Cornwall, born in I 563. lIe
studied at Oxford for five years, and then went to Douay

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

157

Col1ege, and afterwards to Rheims, where he arrived, Dec. 3 I,
1582. On Aug. 13, in the following year, he proceeded to
Rome, and entered the English College for his higher course,
and was ordained priest, April 16, 1588, and served as English
Penitentiary at St. Peter's for a year. His health failing, he
was sent to Belgium, where he entered the Society of Jesus, in
I 590. He was Professor of Theology at Louvain for some
time, then lived at Brussels Íor about eleven years, and, passing
into Germany, was forcibly seized in the Palatinate in 16 I 0,
carried to England, and there confined in the Tower of London,
on suspicion of having been an accomplice in the Gunpowder
Plot, five years before. In the Tower he was stretched on the
rack, and suffered a cruel captivity for eight long years. His
innocence at length was so clearly demonstrated that he was
liberated, but banished the country. In 162 I he was appointed
Rector of Louvain, and the following year Rector of St. Omer's
College, which he governed for eleven years, and died there
Sept. 28, 1632, aged 69.
Fole}', Records SJ., vol. iii.
I. Meditationum de obligationibus animæ religiosæ erga
Deum. Tom. xi. in fol. l\IS.
2. De Passione et Ressurrectione Domini. Tom. ii. in foJ. MS.
3. De Incarnatione Domini. Tom. i. 4to. 1\1S.
4. De peccatis, de amore et timore Dei; et humilitate. Tom. i.
MS.
5. De gratia, de vita spirituali, de Passione Domini, de cruce,
de religione, de beneficiis, de sponsalitiis animæ, de amore, de
Sacra Communione; tomos plures,omnes Anglice; quos, ql1amvis nes-
ciam sintne visuri 111cem, judicavi recensendos adviri memoriam. MS.
The foregoing titlcs are those given by Southwell, Bib. Script. S.J., but
the works themselves were, as he says, in English.

Baxter, Roger, Rev., was born at \Valton-Ie-Dale, near
Preston, in Lancashire, and, after receiving a primary education
at a school in Preston, was sent to Stonyhurst in 1806, where
he distinguished himself early in life, previous to taking priest's
Orders, by publishing a history of the Reformation in England.
In Jan. 18 I 7, he left Stonyhurst and repaired to the famous
university at George Town, in Columbia, where he was appointed
Professor of Rhetoric and the Belles Lettres. lIe afterwards
became pastor of the Catholic church in the city of Philadelphia
and missionary at Alexandria, but the climate disagreeing with

15 8

RIßLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

him, he returned to England in Feb. 1826, and also visited
Mont Rouge, near Paris. He was then appointed to the
mission at Enfield, near Blackburn, and, during his stay
there, preached a course of controversial sermons at Clitheroe,
which caused considerable stir in that neighbourhood, and
elicited several tracts from the opposite party. His health
improving, he returned to Philadelphi
, but died after a short
illness, May 24, 182 7, aged 34.
He was highly respected in Philadelphia for his many
virtues, unassuming manners, and sincere piety, and he pos-
sessed considerable polemical talents.

TVhittle, Hist. of Prestoll; Oliver, Collectmzea SJ.

I. History of the Reformation in England. \Vhittle, Preston,
1814. 12mo.
2. Examination of the Protestant reasons for the Indepen-
dence of the ancient British Church; Extracted from Burgess's
Protestant and Papist's Manual. \Vhittle, Preston, 1815. 8vo.
3. Remarks on Le Mesurier's Sermon on the Invocation of
Saints. Andrews, Lond. 1816. 8vo.
4. Letters in Defence of the Trinity; against the letters of the
Rev. T. C. Holland, Unitarian Minister. \Vhittle, Preston, 1816.
8vo.; PP.74.
These letters first appeared in the Prestoll Chronicle, and were written at
Stonyhurst previous to his embarking for America.
5. Many letters published in Andrews's Orthodox Journal, under the
signature of M. B., and others in Cuddon's Catholic lIfiscellany.
6. The Alexandrian Controversy. George Town, 1817. 8vo.
A series of letters against an Episcopalian clergyman who signed himself
" Quaero."
7. The most Important Tenets of Roman Catholics fairly
Explained. \Vashington, 1819. 12mo.; PP.76.
8. Other works of a polemical nature, and controversial sermons preached
at Clitheroe, which elicited several replies.

Baynes, Roger, a gentleman of good family, horn in 1546,.
was obliged to leave the country on account of religion, in or
about the year I 579. He retired to Rome, where he was
received into the household of Cardinal Allen, and was appointed
his secretary; after whose decease he gave himself up to religious
exercises, and died Oct. 9, 1623, and was buried in the English
College, Rome, where his will is still preserved.
Cooþer, Biog. Diet. ; Foley, Records SJ., Roma7l Dim']'.

OF THE EKGLISII CATHOLICS.

159

I. The Praise of Solitarinesse, set down in the forme of a
Dialogue, wherein is conteyned a Discourse Philosophical, of
the Lyfe Actiue and Contemplatiue. Lond. 1577. 4to.
2. The Baynes of Agvisgrane. The first part and first volume,
intituled Variety, Contayning Three Bookes in the forme of
Dialogues, under the Titles following, viz.: Profit, Pleasvre,
Honovr, Furnished with diuers things, no lesse delightfull then
beneficiall to be knowne and obserued. Related by Rog. Baynes
Gent., a long Exile out of England, not for any temporall
respects. Qui nihil sporat, nihil desperate P1Ïnted at Augusta, in
Germany, 1608. 4to.

Bazier, Matthew, Father S.J., who used the alias of
Grimes, was a native of Rouen, born in 1607-8. He entered
the English Province of the Society of Jesus in 1633, and
being a foreigner, was enabled for a time to exercise his priestly
office in England with comparatively greater freedom than his
brethren. He was a zealous and most efficient missioner. He
was several times arrested and examined, but suffered to go at
large again, when he resumed with unabated vigour his minis-
terial functions. At length stronger suspicions were raised as
to his priestly character, and he was again seized and committed
to prison in N ewgate.
Though he might have purchased his liberty for a moderate
ransom, he refused to do so. He died of the gaol fever aftcr a
few months' confinement in Newgate, Aug. I I, 1650, aged 42.
His last and only regret was, that he was not allowed to suffer
death for the Catholic faith upon the public gallows, although
dying a martyr for the same cause in prison.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. i.

Beaumont, Edward, priest, was the third son of John
Beaumont, of Barrow-upon-Trent, co. Derby, Esq., and his wife
Joycia, daughter of John Johnson, Esq., and was born Nov. 18,
1732. After a few years spent at the Free School, at
Repton, in Derbyshire, Mr. Beaumont was sent in June, 1745,
to Douay College, together with his two elder brothers, John
and Robert. At this time Dr. William Thornburgh was Presi-
dent, lYlr. Francis Petre, Vice-President and Procurator, and
l\lr. Alban Butler and Dr. William Walton, Professors of
Divinity.
In 1749 he returned to England at the earnest request of his

160

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

mother, a Protestant, a .lady of most estimable character, who
lived to the age of about 96.
In the following year he resumed his studies at Douay, where
he was ordai-ned priest, and was sent on the mission in June,
I 75 8.
Shortly afterwards he arrived at Norwich, Aug. I, as chaplain
to Edward, Duke of Norfolk, and took over the charge of the
congregation attached to the chapel in the Duke's Palace,
which had been a few years previously under the care of the
Rev. Alban Butler.
This appointment he probably owed to I\:Ir. Butler, who had
been his director at college, and then lived with the Duke of
Norfolk. On Mr. Beaumont's arrival in England, lYlr. Butler
wrote him two kind letters with directions how to regulate his
conduct at Norwich, and in answer to some difficulties he had
proposed to him.
The Duke left him a legacy of 1; I 50, and his successor, in
1764, built him a new house with a handsome chapel. \Vhen a
subsequent possessor of the title conformed, he deprived Mr.
Beaumont of his house and chapel, and withdrew all support
from him. This was in 1790, but 1\1r. Beaumont was enabled
to buy other premises and erect the new chapel of St. John,
Madder Market, in that year. He died Aug. I, 1820, and was
buried in the vault of the Pitchford family in the church of
St. Giles, Norwich. He was one of Dr. lVlilner's Grand Vicars
for Norfolk and Suffolk.
The Beaumonts of Barrow were an ancient, and, at one time,
a wealthy Catholic family.
Mr. Beaumont's grandfather, Robert Beaumont, who died
Jan. 2, 1726, o.S., married Cecilia, daughter and co-heiress of
Sir Thomas Beaumont, of Grace Dieu, in the county of
Leicester. On the death of Sir Thomas, his estates devolved
to his four daughters.
The site of the Cistercian Priory of Grace Dieu fell to the
lot of 1\1r. Beaumont, who soon after sold it to Sir Ambrose
Phillipps.
Jane, another of the co-heiresses, married Charles Byerley,
of Belgrave, near Leicester, whose estates also came to the
Beaumonts of Barrow on the death of his grandson, John
Beaumont Byerley, without issue.
lYlr. Beaumont's father, John, was a captain in the Chevalier's

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

16r

army, in 1715, under Sir Thomas Beaumont, and was after-
wards made Lieutenant-Colonel. He was taken prisoner and
confined for some time, but was at length allowed .to return to
his seat at Barrow.
The Beaumonts of Barrow were descended from Edward,
younger brother of Sir J oÌln Beaumont, Knt., l\1:aster of the
Rolls in the reign of Edward VI., who was the first of the
family to reside at Barrow.
J{irk, Biog. Collections, 111SS. Arckiepisc. Arcki'vcs; Calk.
i1.fag., 1832, vol. ii. p. 566; Husellbetlt, Life of lI
ibler.
I. He was the author of several letters in the controversy concerning the
Qath of allegiance.

Beaumont, Francis, poet, was the third son of Francis
Beaumont, Judge of the Common Pleas, and was probably
born at Grace Dieu, in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, in
1584, or early in the following year. He was entered a gen-
tleman commoner of Broadgate Hall, Oxford, Feb. 4, 1596-7.
Soon after his matriculation he quitted Oxford, and repaired
to London, where he became a member of the Inner Temple,
and studied law, apparently with as little liking for it as most
poets have at all times evinced. If" Salmacis and Herma-
phroditus," a paraphrase from Ovid, be really bis, of which
there is some doubt, he became a poet, and published poetry,
before he was eighteen. The work originally came out in
1602 without any name or initials of the author, which were
added by Blaicklock, the bookseller, when be reprinted the
poem with others in 1640, and when he wished it to be
believed that it was the work of so celebrated a poet.
The dramatic partnership between Beaumont and John
Fletcher seems to have subsisted for not more than twelve
years, if indeed it had so long a duration.
His death occurred in !-farch, 1615- I 6, and if we are to
believe the combined testimony of Bishop Corbet and Sir John
Beaumont, his early decease was at least promoted by his literary
labours. His brother says expressly-

" So dearly hast bought thy precious lines,
Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines."
He was buried at the entrance of what used to be called
St. Benedict's Chapel, in Westminster Abbey, on March 9,
VOL. I.
[

162

BIELIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

1615, which according to our present mode of dating- would
be I 6 I 6.
The fact of Beaumont's marriage to Ursula, daughter and
co-heiress of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, is almost the
only known circumstance of his private history, and even the
date of this union has never been ascertained.
He left behind him two daughters, one of whom was named
Frances, and was said to have been living in 1700, upon a
pension of ;C I 00 a year, granted her by the Duke of Ormond,
in whose family, according to Dr. Bliss, she appears to have
been governess.
It has been asserted that she once had some additional
poems of her father in her possession, but that she lost them
during one of her voyages to Ireland.
Rose, Bz.og. Diet.
I. Of the collection entitled" The 'V orks of Beaumont and Fletcher" (52
Plays, a Masque, and some Minor Poems), Beaumont alone wrote the Masque
of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems it is believed,
with the exception of The Honest l\1an's Fortune, which follows the play
with that title. The Masque ded. to Sir Fris. Bacon, was acted and printed
1612-13; the Poems were printed 1640, 4to. ; 1653, 1660, 8vo.
The co-partnership between Beaumont and Fletcher makes it difficult to
give any satisfactory account of the former's individual compositions, and it
will be sufficient for the present purpose to refer the reader to Allibone and
other bibliographers, who have fully entered into the subject.
2. His portrait has been often engraved. " Francis Beaumont, Esq. ;
ob. an. ætat. circa XXX. A.D. 1615. G. Vertue, sc. Celissimo
Principi Leonello Dud de Dorset, &c. Hanc Tabulam ad Arche-
typum in ipsius Ædibus Expressam." Oval frame, own hair,
whiskers and beard, lacca band,"Arms. Again, mez. by J. Faber; also with
Fletcher, Milton and Cowley, mez. by J. Simon; and in the set of Poets
1. fo1., by G. Vertue.

Beaumont, Sir John, Bart., was the second son of Judge
Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of Francis, the cele-
brated dramatic poet. He was entered a gentleman commoner
of Broadgate Hall (now Pembroke College), Oxford, in 1596.
After some attention to the study of the law, he retired to
the family seat at Grace Dieu, Leicester, on the death of his
brother, Sir Henry Beaumont, Knt. In 1626 he was created
a baronet, a title which was enjoyed by his two sons in
succession.
Allibolle, Bib. Diet.; TVood, Athell. OXOll.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

16 3

I. The Crown of Thorns, a Poem. in 8 Books. MS.
2. Bosworth Field, with a Taste of the Variety of other Poems,
left by Sir John Beaumont; set forth by bis sonne, Sir John
Beaumont, Bart. Lond. 1629; sm. 8vo. Title, ded. to the King, Elegy,
&c., II leaves. Poems B-O, 208 pp.; pages ISI and 182 are missing in all
copies.
Reprinted in Chalmers's Edition of the Poets.
The poem of Bosworth Field was reprinted 1710, 8vo. In the Censura
Literaria will be found a poetical epistle ., To his late Majesty (J ames I.)
concerning the true Fonne of English Poetry," also found in the above vol.
These poems were published after Sir John's death by his son.
The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he added virtue
and delicacy.
The work contains many original specimens of the heroic style, not
exceeded by any of his contemporaries, and the imagery is frequently just
and striking.
The lines describing the death of the tyrant may be submitted with con-
fidence to the admirers of Shakespeare. The commendation of improving
the rhythm of the couplet is due also to Sir John.
The Poems of Sir John Beaumont, with his Life, were edited by A.
Chalmers, F.S.A., in "The \Vorks of the English Poets," vol. vi. 1810, 8vo.
The Poems of Sir J. B., Bart., for the first time collected and edited: with
memorial-introduction and notes. By A. B. Grosart, "The Fuller \V orthies
Library," 1868, 8vo.
Select Poems of Sir J. B., with a Life of the author, by E. Sanford,
"The \Vorks of the British Poets," vol. v. 1819; 12mo.

Beaumont, Mary, Abbess O.S.B., a nun of the English
Benedictine Convent in Ghent, was permitted, in 1665, to found
a filiation at Ipres, accompanied by three ladies of the same
order, Flavia Cary, Helena \Vhite, and Viviana Eyre. The
Abbess Knatchbull, of the Benedictine Abbey at Ghent, had
always intended the I pres house for a community of Irish Bene-
dictine nuns; and accordingly, in the year 1683, she invited
some of the Irish religious, professed in various monasteries of
the English Congregation, to the establishment at Ipres. From
that time it became an Irish establishment, removing to Dublin
in 1688, by invitation of James II., but returning to Ipres in
1690, where they afterwards remained.
Lady lYlary Beaumont was living in 1672, and appears to
have been succeeded by the Abbess Margaret Markham.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.,. Petre, Ellg. Colleges alld COll'vents.

Beche, or Beach, John, O.S.B., was the last Abbot of the
Monastery of St. John the Baptist, Co1chester J in Essex, who
112

r64

EIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

opposed the Court measures against the Church with great
courage and. resolution, and, refusing to subscribe to the king's
ecclesiastical supremacy, was condemned to die on that account.
He suffered at Colchéster, Dec. I, I 539.
Stow, Chroniclcs,. S tephells, JIollastcries; TVillis, .J.
fitred
Abbeys.

Beckinsal, John, born at Broadchalk, in \Nilh;hire, was the
second son of John Beckinsal, of Hartley- \Vestpel, in Hamp-
shire, originally descended from the Becconsalls of Becconsall
in Lancashire. He was educated at \Vinchester School, and
from thence removed to New College, Oxford, where he was
admitted Fellow, in 1520, and distinguished himself in all
branches of academicallearning, but more especially in Greek.
He was carried with the stream in opposition to the See of
Rome during the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., but
returned to the faith under Queen l\iary.
He read the Greek lesson for awhile in the University of
Paris during part of Edward VI.'s reign, and in his latter days
he retired to Sherborn, in Hampshire, where he died, Dec. I 5 59.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
.
I. De supremo et absoluto Regis Imperio. Lond. 1546; 8vo.
Reprinted, Francof, 1621.

Bedall, Thomas, priest, one of Queen l\Iary's clergy, was
seized in Yorkshire and committed to the prison called Ouse-
bridge Kidcote, where so many Catholics were confined. He
was afterwards removed to the prison of Hull Block-house,
where he died between I 580 and 1590. He had been a
prisoner from 1568.
.liE orris, Troubles, Third Series.
Bedingfield, Charlotte Georgiana, Lady, was daughter
of Sir \Villiam J erningham, Bart., of Cossey Park, Staffordshire,
and sister of George, Lord Stafford. She married June I 7,
1795, Sir Richard Bedingfeld, Bart., of Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk,
and, in Oct. 183 I, obtained from the king the precedency
of a baron's daughter. She died July 29, 1854.
Burke, Baronetage
. HUScllbeth, Sermoll.
I. Sermon by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, D.D., at the Funeral
of the Hon. Lady Bedingfeld. 1854. 8\'0.

OF THE EKGLISII CATHOLICS.

r65

Bedingfeld, Edmund, Canon of Lierre, was the second
son of Sir Henry Bedingfeld, Knt., by his second wife Eliza-
beth, daughter of Peter Houghton, Sheriff of London, and was
born at Oxburgh, Aug. 15, 16 r 5. After making his humanity
studies at St. Orner's, and his philosophy at Liège, he returned
home in the hope of obtaining his parents' consent to become a
priest. Having obtained the desired permission with great
difficulty, he proceeded, after a stay of three months only, to
Seville, where he made his divinity studies and was ordained
priest at the end of four years. Proceeding to Rome, the Car-
dinal Protector offered him many great preferments, but, hating
all honours, he went to Antwerp, where, in the convent of the
English Carmelites, many members of his family had devoted
themselves to God. He was asked as a great favour by the
Bishop to accompany a new foundation just starting for Lierre
from the Antwerp-house, until the Bishop could find a suitable
chaplain for the new colony. This was in 1648. He con-
sented, intending only to remain for a few days, but God
disposed otherwise, and :Mr. Bedingfeld, struck with the extreme
poverty of these poor nuns and their devotion to our Lady,
determined to continue, and to devote himself, his time, labour,
and fortune, in assisting the community both in temporals and
spirituals. He remained as their chaplain without stipend, and
at his death left all he possessed to the foundation. A few
years after he settled at Lierre, he was appointed Canon of the
Church of St. Gumar. He died Sept. 2,1680, aged 65.
Foley, Records S.]., vol. v. p. 573.
I. The Life of M. Mostyn, Mother Margaret of Jesus, 1625-
1679. By E. Bedingfeld. Edited by Fr. H.]. Coleridge, S.]. Lond_
1872. 8vo. Mother Margaret was the superioress, who, with her sister,
Mother Ursula, accompanied the nuns to their new foundation at Lien-e.
4to., pp. 382. The original MS. was sold in Miss Hales' sale, 1880.
2. Amplicatie van het Advertissement van rechtor voor E. B.
qualitate quâ Impetrant van Mandament van revisie, &c. (The
Hague), fo1.
3. A life-size Portrait, in his dress of a canon, is preserved at Carmel
House, Darlington.

Bedingfeld, Edward, Esq., was the second son of Sir
Henry Bedingfeld, of Oxburgh, Bart., by Lady Elizabeth
Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Burlington, and was born in the
year 1730. He resided at York, and married l\lary, daughter

..

166

DIBLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

of Sir John Swinburne, Bart., and was the father of several
children.

Burke, Baro1letage.
I. A Hymn to the blessed Virgin Mary. York, 1797. 121110.

Bedingfeld, Frances, Superioress of the Institute of the
B.V.M., was born in 16 I 6, and was one of the daughters of
Francis Bedingfeld, of Redlingfield, co. Norfolk, Esq., by
Katharine, eldest daughter of J ohn Fortescue, of London, Esq.,
and great-graliddaughter of 1Ylargaret Plantagenet, Countess
of Salisbury. It is a most remarkable fact that the whole of
the twelve daughters of this match entered the religious state.
One, indeed, was married to Sir Alexander Hamilton, but
after his death was professed at the Augustinian Convent at
Bruges.
Of the eleven other daughters, whose memory is still held
in veneration by their respective communities, none probably
had so eventful and chequered a éareer as the subject of this
notice.
Being sent abroad to finish her education, Frances entered
the rising Institute of English Virgins, at Munich, where she
was professed in 1633.
This Order had been founded by Mary \Vard, at St. Omer,
about the year 1603, from whence it removed, in 1629, to
Liège, but meeting with no countenance there, settled in IVlunich.
Here Frances Bedingfe1d's elder sister, \Vinefrid, was the first
Superioress, and died Dec. 26, 1666, aged 55. Three years later
a little colony of "English Virgins," encouraged and probably
invited by Catharine of Braganza, queen of Charles II., arrived
in London in the year I 669. At their head was l\iother
Frances Bedingfe1d, who, at the time of her appointment to
the English mission, was Superioress of the mother-house at
1Ylunich. For some years she remained in London with her
little community, "Thich she established first in S1. l\iartin's
Lane, then at Hammersmith, and opened a school for young
ladies.
On coming to England, l\irs. Bedingfeld, to avoid notice,
changed her name to " Long," and with her companions ex.
changed the religious habit for a matronly dress, which was

OF TI-IE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

16 7

worn by the Sisters in England for one hundred and twenty
years. Notwithstanding these precautions, the community
incurred the suspicion of the sharp-eyed pursuivants, and the
intrepid foundress was summoned to appear before the magis-
trates, whom she astonished, during her examination, by her
firmness and prudent answers. Through the interest of her
family she was liberated, with the injunction that she was "no
longer to keep a priest or instruct youth." Faithful, however,
to her mission, she at once resumed her former manner of life,
constantly keeping a chaplain in the house, and continuing
her work of education. After this period the community at
I-Iammersmith was not again molested.
In 1677, responding to the entreaties of the Catholic nobility
and gentry, l\lother Frances undertook a foundation in the
north, of which Sir Thomas Gascoigne was the munificent
patron. From 1677 till 1680, the northern c010ny settled
successively at Dolebank, near Fountain's Abbey, at Heworth,
near York; then in the northern capital itself. in or near
Castlegate; and finally, in a house on the site of the present
convent, outside Micklegate Bar.
From 1677 to 1686, l\lother Frances had divided her time
between her two English communities, but in the last-named
year, leaving :l\1rs. Cicely Cornwallis in superiority at Hammer-
smith, she settled at York, ,,"here she ranks as first Superioress
of that convent, which is thus, through her, in direct descent
from the mother-house at Munich. The existence of the York
community at that time was undoubtedly precarious. The
house was repeatedly searched and threatened with destruc-
tion. In her 78th year, she and her niece, Mother Dorothy
Paston Bedingfeld, were cited to appear before the Mayor of
York, by whom the two religious were committed to Ouse-
bridge Gaol. Knowing the peril to which her imprisonment
exposed her community, the rev. mother wrote to the Arch-
bishop of York, petitioning to be released. Through the
mediation of some influential persons in the city, who greatly
respected the" old lady," the prisoners were set at liberty, only,
however, to become the object of renewed persecution. In the
year 1695 an outbreak of popular anti:Catholic feeling again
threatened the house, but it providentially escaped destruction.
After four years of comparative peace, in obedience to the
intimation of the newly elected General Superioress, :l\1other

168

DIBLIOGRArHICAL DICTIONARY

Frances, in her 84th year, resigned her government of the
Sisters at York to her niece, Mother Dorothy Paston Beding-
feld, and returned to Munich.
The peaceful evening of her eventful life was closed in the
year 1704, when she was in her 88th year, just one year after
the approbation by Clement XI. of the Rule of the Institute
which she had loved so well, and for which, in patient endurance
and meek heroism, she had prayed, and toiled, and suffered.
Uniting great firmness of character with equal gentleness
and simplicity, gifted with heroic fortitude, ami burning with an
ardent zeal for the salvation of souls, Mother Bedingfeld was
from her entrance into religion an example of virtue.
Foley, Rccords SJ., vol. v.; Pctre, Notices Ellg. Collcges a1ld
Co1tvcnts abroad.

Bedingfeld, Sir Henry, Knt., of Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk,
was twice married, first, to Elizabeth, daughter of Lord \Villiam
Iloward, of Naworth Castle, Curnberland, ancestor of .the Earls
of Carlisle; and second, to Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress. of
Peter Houghton, Sheriff of London. He was an active and
zealous Royalist, and, during the Civil \\Tars, was made prisoner,
and was committed to the Tower, where he was confined for
nearly two years. He died soon after his release, Nov. 22"
16 57, aged 70.
After the Restoration his only surviving son, Henry, laid
before the king, at his Majesty's own desire, a calculation of
the losses sustained by the family in the Royal cause, amounting
to the sum of L47, 1 94 18s. 8d. Charles II., surprised at the
enormity of the amount, replied with concern that he was
unable to recompense him, to which Mr. Bedingfeld answered
that all he begged of his l\iajesty was that he might hope for
the future to enjoy in tranquillity the small remnant of his
fortune free from the penalties imposed upon Catholics. As
some recognition of these services, the king conferred upon him
the dignity of a Baronet, Jan. 2, 1661.
Sir Henry married :Margaret, daughter and heiress of Edward
Paston, of Appleton, co. Norfolk, Esq., and died Feb. 24, 1685,
aged 8 o.
Amidst all his losses he had the happiness of living nearly
fifty years with a wife of extraordinary ability and prudence,

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

J69

who, besides the great fortune she brought, equalled him in all
his merits, aided him in all his afflictions, and when obliged to
fly beyond the seas, managed all his concerns with the greatest
prudence; insomuch that Sir Henry himself declared with
his dying words, "that. she had been a wife who had never
displeased him." Lady Bedingfeld survived her husband
eighteen years, which she passed in absolute retreat, in the
constant exercise of her devotions and daily distribution of
charity. .She died Jan. 14, 1703, aged 84. Their son, Sir
Henry, second Baronet, was the chief favourite of the Duke of
Gloucester, and returning with him to England at the Restora-
tion, was knighted shortly afterwards.
.LVeale's Ma1lsions of E/
f'.; Baronetage
. Kirk, Biog. Collec-
tio1ls, fll S S.

Bedingfeld, Thomas, was the second son of Sir Henry
Bedingfeld, Knt., of Oxburgh, co. Norfolk, Privy Councillor to
Queen l\lary, by Catharine his wife, daughter of John Towns-
end, Esq.;son and heir of Sir Roger Townsend, of Rainham,
Knt: He was an accomplished scholar, and in recognition of
his literary abilities was awarded a pension by Queen Eliza-
beth. He died in 1613.
Burke, Baronetage.
I. Comforte, a translation from Cardan's Consolatorium. Land.
I 576. 4to.
2. The Art of Riding, a translation from Claudio Corte. Land. 1584.
3. The History of Florence, a translation from Macchiavelli. Land.
I 595, fo1.

Bedingfeld, Thomas
S.J., martyr; 'i'ide Downes.

Beegan, Martin, a printer and publisher in l\lanchester,
issued many Catholic books in the beginning of this century.
In 18 I 5, under the style of l\L Beegan & Co., Catholic Printers
and Publishers, he published a fine edition of Ward's Cantos,
and in I 8 I 8 a Garden of the Soul.
Ti1llPerlcy, Typo. Diet.

I. The Manchester Magazine; or, Chronicle of the Times,
published monthly, by Joseph Hemingway and Martin Began.
:Manchester,1814, price IS.

IjO

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Beesley, George, priest, martyr, was born at The Hill, in
Goosnargh, co. Lancaster, and was probably the brother of
Francis Beesley, gent., who suffered repeated fines for his re-
cusancy between 159 I and 1607. The family possessed a
considerable estate in Beesley Tythe, in Goosnargh, and be-
sides The Hill possessed an estate called The Brookes, in
Bleasdale.
Both these estates became vested in the Blackburnes, a
junior branch of the family of Stockenbridge, about the middle
of the seventeenth century, but whether by marriage or pur-
chase has not been ascertained. The Hill is now the seat of
the Benedictine mission in Goosnargh.
George Beesley was ordained priest at the English College
at Rheims in 1587, and was sent upon the English mission in
the following year. He was a man of singular courage, young,
strong, and robust, before he fell into the hands of the per-
secutors, but was so frequently and cruelly tortured by the
infamous Topcliffe, in order to oblige him to reveal the names
of Catholics, that he was reduced to a mere skeleton.
All these tortures he endured with invincible courage and
patience, and could not be induced to name any Catholic, or
bring anyone into danger on his account. His condemnation
was merely for being a priest and remaining in England con-
trary to the statute of 27 Eliz., and he was hanged, bowelled,
and quartered in Fleet Street, July 2, 159 I.
He left behind him a brother of the same character, who
for many years after laboured on the mission in England.

Challoller, J1lemoirs; Recusant Rolls; &c.

Beesley, Richard, schoolmaster, a member of the ancient
Catholic family of that name in Lancashire, established a
flourishing school at Chelsea, and subsequently, in 1789, re-
moved to the spacious mansion of Shrewsbury House, Isle-
worth, l\'1iddlesex. Four years later he relinquished the school
to his son Richard, who conducted it, with assistants, with
great success for several years. Mr. Beesley, senior, returned
to Lawrence Street, Chelsea, where he re-opened a boarding-
school which existed for some years.
Laity's Directories.

OF THE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

17 1

Beeston, Robert, Father S.J., was born in Lincolnshire,
Aug. 25, 1656, or 1660. He was educated at St. Orner's
College, and entered the Society at Watten, Sept. 7, 1680.
He seems to have remained here for a number of years, after
which he was sent to the mission at \Vorcester, where he is met
with in 1702-3. He was recalled to \Vatten in 1708, and in
171 1 was appointed Rector of the House of Tertians, Ghent,
and again returned to Watten. He was Provincial from
1721 to 1724, and died at St. Omer's College, Aug. 9, 173 2 ,
aged 72.
Records Sf., Collccta 1l ea.
I. Treatise on Devotion to the Sacred Heart of our Saviour,
J.C. 171 I, I2mo., pp. 53, ded. to his esteemed friends, Mrs. S-th, and
::\lrs. Margaret S-t. Dr. Oliver appears to think he was the author of
this work.

Belchiam, Thomas, O.S.F., an eminent preacher, who
declaimed with great zeal and fearlessly denounced the vices of
the Court, especially the divorce, and the irreligious dispositions
of the men in power, who flattered the king in all his extrava-
gances. For this he and about thirty other Franciscans were
thrown into prison, where they were all allowed to perish
through starvation and hard treatment. He died Aug. 3,
1537.
Dodd, Ch. His!.; Bouchier, His!. Eccles.
. Certamcll Seraph. ;
TVaddÙzgus, Script. Ord. .lIIÙlOr.
I. Liber ad Fratres.
2. Ecce qui mollibus vestiuntur, in domibus Regum sunt;
quo Henrici VIII. errores, vitiorumque labem damnat. The

J s. of which was in the hands of Dr. Bouchier, O.S.F., who intended to
publish it.

Bell, Arthur (Francis), O.S.F., was the son of vVilliam
Bell, of Temple Broughton, in the parish of Hanbury, six miles
from \Vorcester, and his wife Dorothy Daniel, of Acton Hall,
Suffolk, and was born Jan. 13, 1590. He was educated under
the care of his uncle, Francis Daniel, with whom he remained
until he was about twenty-four years of age, when he proceeded
to St. Orner's College to improve himself
After about a year he travelleù to Spain, and entered the
English College at Valladolid, where he was ordained priest.

1 _"
1-

DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

He was then admitted a novice in the Franciscan Order at
Segovia, Aug. 8, 1618, and was sent to Douay to assist Fr.
Gennings in the establishment of the Franciscan convent in
that university, and became one of the chief instruments in the
happy restoration of the English Franciscan Province. He
was appointed confessor to the Poor Clares at Gravelines, in
1622, and was engaged in the same capacity to the nuns of
the Third Order of St. Francis at Brussels from 1623 to 16 30,.
where he introduced among them that mcthodical system of
keeping their annals which they have so cxemplarily followed.
In the latter year, at the first gcneral chapter of the restored
Franciscan Province of England, held in their convent of
St. Elizabeth at Brussels, he was appointed guardian of St.
Bonaventure's convent at Douay, with the charge of teaching
Hebrew. In 1632 he returned to England, and shortlyafter-
wards was sent to Spain, but returned to England in Sept.
16 34, where he laboured with the zeal of an apostle.
Shortly before his apprehension he was again chosen guar-
dian or superior of the convent at Douay, the letters acquaint-
ing him with his appointment actually being delivered to him
in N ewgate.
He was seized at Steven edge, in H ertford shire, Nov. 6,
16 43, and was executed at Tyburn, Dec. 1 I, in the same
year, condemned for his priesthood only, in the 54th year
of his age, the 25th of his religious profession, and 9th of his
mission.

lJIas01z, O.S.F. Cer!amcll Seraphiclt1Jl J. Challollcr, Memoirs J.
Dr. Oliver, Collectiolls J' Dodd, CIt. His!.

I. The Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, Brussels, 1624.
2. A brief Instruction how we ought to hear Mass. A Trans-
lation from the Spanish of Andrew Soto. Brussels, 162..).. Ded. to
Anne, Countess of Argyle.
3. The Historie, Life, and Miracles, Extacies and Revelations
of the Blessed Virgin, Sister Joane of the Crosse, of the third
order of our Holy Father S. Francis. Composed by the Rev.
Father, brother Anthonie of Aca. Translated out of Spanish
into English by Fr. Francis Bell of the same order, and dedicated
to Sisters Margaret and Elizabeth Radcliffe, professed poore
dames of St. Clare. St. Omers, 1625, sm. 8vo., pp. 158.
4. The Testament of William Bel, Gentleman, left written in
his owne Hand: with Annotations at the End, and Sentences by
his Sonne, Francis Bel. Douar, Balthazar Bellin, 1632, 121110.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

173

5. After his execution appeared-
The Confession, Obstinacy, and Ignorance of Father Bell, a Romish
Priest, wherein is declared the manner of his Tryal, Condemnation, and
Execution on Monday, Dec. 10, 1643. Lond. 16-t.3. 4 to .
6. Portrait by Vosterman, published in the Certamen Seraphicum, a
{'ope about his neck, and a knife in his breast, sm. 4to.
Bell, James, priest, martyr, was born at \Varrington, in
Lancashire, and was educated at Oxford, where he was oråained
priest in Queen l\1ary's reign.
vVhen the religion of the nation was changed on the acces.
sion of Elizabeth to the throne, he suffered himself, against his
.conscience, to be carried away with the stream, and for many
years officiated as a minister in various places. At length,
however, he was reclaimed in 158 I, through the remonstrances
<>f a Catholic matron, joined to a severe illness, with which
God was pleased to visit him, during which he was reconciled
to God and his Church. He had no sooner recovered his
health than he applied himself for some months to penitential
exercises, and afterwards resumed his priestly functions, labour-
ing with all diligence for the souls of his neighbours for
the space of about two years. On Jan. 17, 1583, he was
apprehended in a search made for priests in the county of
Lancaster, and was brought before the Earl of Derby, to whom
he acknowledged himself to be a priest, and confessed that he
bad been reconciled to the Catholic Church, after having a long
time gone astray. He was therefore committed to the gaol at
Salford, and was arraigned at the l\1anchester Sessions holden
<>n the 22nd and 23rd of the same month. .He was condemned,
according to the statute, for saying Mass in Golborn, near
Manchester, upon St. John's-day in the previous month. It
seems very probable, from the report sent up to the Council of
the proceedings of the Quarter Sessions, that he was appre-
hended in the act of saying Mass. He was sent back to the
Salford gaol, and from thence he was removed to Lancaster,
to be tried at the Lent Assizes, and during the journey, a
distance of nearly sixty miles by the road in those days, his
arms were tied behind him and his legs under the horse's belly.
He was arraigned, together with others, under the Act of
Supremacy, and at his trial displayed great courage and reso.
lution, boldly professing that he had been reconciled to the
Church, and that he did not acknowledge the Queen's eccle-
siastical supremacy, but that of the Pope.

174

nIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Accordingly, he was sentenced to die, as in cases of high
treason. Upon hearing the sentence Mr. Bell displayed great satis-
faction, and, looking at the Judge, said, U I beg your Lordship
would add to the sentence that my lips and the tips of my
fingers may be cut off, for having sworn and subscribed to the
articles of heretics, contrary both to my conscience and to God's
truth." He spent the following night, which was his last, in
prayer and meditation, and suffered on the ensuing day, April 20,
1584, not only with great constancy, but with great joy, being
then 60 years of age.

Challoller, JWemoirs, citi1lg Bridgzuater, COllccrtatio Ecclesiæ;
Dom. Eli=. vol. clxvii. Nos. 40 and 41, P.R.G.

Bell, John, priest, was a native of Snaith, in Yorkshire,
and was in his second year's theology at Douay when the
college was seized by the French revolutionists. After effect.
ing his escape through many dangers and adventures, in April,
1793, he became tutor to the sons of John Silvertop, ofJ\linster
Acres, Esq. When the refugees from Douay had established
therr..selves at Crook Hall, co. Durham, Mr. Bell rejoined his late
fellow-students, Nov. 7, 1794, and was followed by Henry
Silvertop, one of his pupils. He was ordained priest there,
Dec. 23, of that year, and was appointed Prefect-General of the
College, and for some years was Professor of Rhetoric and
Poetry. In 1817 he left the college, which had been removed
in 1808 to the new building at Ushaw, and he was appointed
to the mission of Samlesbury, near Preston, in Lancashire.
He remained here until April, 1828, and then removed to
Kippax Park, in Yorkshire. At length, on account of his
advanced age, he retired from the mission, and resided at Selby,
where he died, May 31, ]854, aged 87.
Cath. Mag. 1832; Rev. Gco. Leo HaJ'dock, 1/.1S. J. Dr.
Gillozu, Accollnt of the breaki1lg 1/þ of DOllay and the establish.
ment of tIle College at Crook Hall, .lIfS. J. Abram, Hist. of Black-
burn j Cath. .lI1iscel. 1 82 7.

1. The Wanderings of the Human Intellect; or, A New Dic-
tionaryof the various Sects into which the Christian Religion, in
Ancient and Modern Times, has been divided. With an Impar-
tial Discussion on the Merits of their respective Claims to Ortho-

OF TIlE EN"GLISH CATHOLICS.

175

doxy. To the above prefixed, An Introductory Essay on Univer-
sal History, as well Civil as Ecclesiastical, from the much admired
Historical Discourse of the Learned Dr. Plaquet, in Front of his
valuable Dictionary of all Religions; from which, and from other
equally respectable sources, the present work is compiled.
Lend. 1814. 8vo.
Second Edit. "Dictionary of all Religions, with an Essay on Ecclesias-
tical History." Lond. 1839. 8vo.
2. Lives of the Saints, selected and abridged from the original
work of the Rev. Alban Butler, and A Short View of the History
of the Church by R. Challc'ner, Bishop of Debra. Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, 1799. 8vo. 3 ,.ols.

Bell, William, at an early age was placed In a grammar
school in \Varwickshire, where he remained until he was
eighteen years of age. He was then sent to Baliol College,
Oxford, became a Fellow, and, after seven years' residence, was
admitted B.A. He was about to proceed IVLA. when he was
accused of disaffection towards the new religion introduced by
the Queen. He therefore retired for a year, with the consent
of his college, in hopes of the accusation being forgotten, but
finding, at the end of that period, that the same impediment
presented itself, he quitted the University, and was received
into the house of Sir John Throckmorton, Chief Justice of the
Marches in Wales, with whom he resided in great favour during
twelve years, and then, chiefly by Sir John's persuasion, com-
menced the study of the common law, and was admitted a
Fellow of Clement's Inn. The air of London not agreeing
with him, after two years' application to study, he returned to
the country, and through the influence of Sir John Littleton
was appointed Clerk of the Peace at vVorcester, in which
position he acquired great credit for promptitude and exacti-
tude in the discharge of his duties.
He had a high reputation as an orator, and when Queen
Elizabeth visited \Vorcester he delivered an address before
her Majesty, for which the city presented him with ;[20.
The Queen was so pleased with his discourse, that she also
ordered him to be rewarded, but Sir Robert Dudley informed
her IVlajesty that Bell was a Papist, so she revoked her order.
Shortly after he obtained this appointment, Sir John Throck-
morton died, and bequeathed him the manor of Temple
Broughton, near Worcester, which enabled him to retire in
affluent circumstances. He married, at the age of forty

17 6

BIBLIOGRAPIIIC\L DICTIOXARY

Dorothy Daniel, of Acton Hall, Suffolk, and was the father of
Fr. Arthur Francis Bell, O.S.F., who was executed at Tyburn,
for his religious profession, in 1643-
He died in his 60th year, June 29, 1598, and was buried
in the place where the high altar had stood in the parish church
of St. IVlary, Hanbury.
Catholic Misccllall)', vol. iv.
I. The Testament of William Bel, Gentleman, left written in
his owne Hand; with Annotations at the End, and Sentences by
his sonne, Francis Bel. Douay, 1632. Izmo.
This will or testament is dated 1587, and is a curious document.

Bellamy, Jerome, Esq., of Uxenden Hall, near Harrow-
on-the-Hill, a few miles from London, belonged to a family
that had always been noted for its hospitality to missioners
and recusants. \Vhen the proclamation was issued against
those concerned in Babington's plot, three of their number,
1\1r. Babington himself, 1\1r. Barnwell and 1\1r. Donne, aware of
Mr. Bellamy's disposition towards recusants and feeling assured
of his secrecy, sought refuge in his house, where they were
unfortunately discovered and apprehended. :Mr. Bellamy was
consequently carried to prison along with them, and by a con-
struction of the law made an accomplice. On this charge he
was indicted, Sept. 15, 1586, and, though he pleaded "not
guilty," he was condemned and executed on the 2 I st of the
same month.
His general good character, and the fact that he was merely
accessary to the conspiracy through aiding and abetting the
refugees after the proclamation, made his case much lamented.
The Queen had wished that the conspirators might suffer some
kind of death more barbarous and excruciating than the usual
punishment for treason; but when it was represented to her
that such an alteration would be illegal, she consented that the
law should have its course, on condition that the executions
were" protracted to the extremitie of payne," in the full sight
of the people. On the first day, the 20th September, she was
obeyed, but the youth, the rank, and the demeanour of the
sufferers, so powerfully excited the pity, and the barbarity of
the punishment, the horror of the spectators, that it was deemed
prudent to concede something to public feeling, and on the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

177

next morning the remaining seven, including l\ir. Bellamy, were
allowed to expire on the gallows, before their bodies were sub-
jected to the knife of the executioner. Bellamy's brother had
died in prison, and Mrs. Bellamy escaped, because she had
been indicted, perhaps purposely, by the name of Elizabeth,
instead of Catharine.
Dodd, Ck. His!.,. Lillgard, His!. of EJlg.

Bellasis, Edward, Serjeant-at-Law, was born October 14,
1800, and was the son of the Rev. George Bellasis, D.D., of
Queen's College, Oxford, Rector of Yattendon, and Vicar of
Basilden and Ashampstead, co. Berks, by his second wife, Leah
Cooper, only surviving child and heiress of Emery Viall, of
Walsingham, co. Norfolk, Esq. As a lawyer, l\ir. Serjeant
Bellasis was engaged almost entirely before the Parliamentary
Committees, and soon obtained a high reputation, but it is
to theological matters that most of his publications have
reference.
He followed the course of the Tractarian Movement with
much interest and sympathy. In several visits to Oxford
University he became acquainted with Newman, Pusey, Arch-
deacon l\ianning, Dr. Ward, and Mr. Oakeley, of whom, as
incumbent of Margaret Street Chapel, he was a zealous
parishioner and supporter.
In 1847 the Serjeant took up his pen in support of his
religious opinions, and was soon engaged in controversy with
Cardinal vViseman and others, wnich speedily resulted in his
conversion, and he was received into the Church by Fr. Brown.
bill, S.]., under the advice of Cardinal vViseman, Sept. 28,
185 o. From this time he became an active defender of the
Catholic cause.
As a magistrate for Middlesex and vVestminster, Mr.
Serjeant Bellasis, in conjunction with Mr. Swift, was indefati-
gable in the matter of securing Catholic chaplains for CathoJic
prisoners, and had to contend with strong prejudice against
this act of justice.
He and Mr. Hope Scott, Q.C., as trustees of Bertram, seven-
teenth and last Catholic Earl of Shrewsbury, defended the
rights of Lord Edmund Fitzalan.Howard, a minor, against
Earl Talbot, who claimed both the old title and the estates.
VOL. 1. N

17 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Eventually, however, in 1866, they only secured certain
entailed portions of the property for their client.
He died Jan. 24, 1873, aged 7 2 .
llfS. Autobiography, &c., in possession of the Serjeant's
family.
I. House of Commons Speech before the Committee on the
Manchester and Cheshire Junction Railway, in summing up the
case on the part of the Manchester South Union Railway Co.
Lond. 1836. 8vo.
2. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and the
Petition for a Church Tribunal in lieu of it: A Letter by an
Anglican Layman. Lond. 1850. pp. 16. Published anonymously.
3. Convocaticns and Synods, are they the Remedies for exist-
ing Evils? A second Letter by an Anglican Layman. Lond. 1850.
8vo., pp. 16.
4. The ...t\.rchbishop of Westminster, a Remonstrance with the
Clergy of Westminster, from a Westminster Magistrate. Lond.
1850. 8vo., pp. 22. A protest against the outcry on the re-establishment of
the Catholic Hierarchy.
5. The Anglican Bishops versus the Catholic Hierarchy; a
Demurrer to further Proceedings. Lond. 1851. 8vo., pp. 16. In
which he collected from the Protestant Bishops' charges nearly 200 passages
of invective against the Church, and commented on their attitude in trenGhant
language.
6. Anglican Orders, by an Anglican, since become a Catholic.
Lond. 8vo., pp. 15. The Serjeant had written, in 1847, four letters on the
question of Barlow's Episcopal consecration, which were printed in a news-
paper, and long subsequently privately reprinted under the above heading.
7. Preliminary Dialogues between two Protestants approaching
the Catholic Church. Lond. 1861. 8vo., pp. 66. Being the substance
of conversations on religious topics between himself and his wife, written
about 1850. The dialogues, twelve in number, were between" Philotheus
and Eugenia," and were published anonymously.
8. A dialogue on the Jesuits, the thirteenth, in addition to the
above series, with the authorship avowed, appeared in the" Messenger of the
Sacred Heart," and also separately. Lond. sm. 8vo., pp. 16.
9. Other dialogues of the same kind remain in MS. in the Serjeant's
family.
10. His Autobiography, MS.
Bellasys, John, Lord, Baron of Worlabye, was the second
son of Thomas, first Viscount Falconberg, by Barbara, daughter
of Sir Henry Cholmondeley, of Roxby, co. York, Knt. and
Bart. During the Civil \Var he raised a regiment of foot,
joined the king at Nottingham, and was engaged in the battles
of Kynton, Brentford, Newbury, and the storming of Bristol, for
which he was created Baron of \Vorlabye in the 20 Charles 1.

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

179

He was also appointed Lord-Lieutenant of the counties of
York, Nottingham, Lincoln, and Derby, Governor of the city
of York and of the garrison of Newark-upon-Trent, and
Captain-General of his Majesty's Guards.
After the Restoration, Charles II. appointed him Captain.
General of the forces in Africa and Governor of Tangier;
and he was also Lord-Lieutenant of the East Riding of York,
Governor of Hull, and Captain of the Guard of Gentlemen
Pensioners to his Majesty. \Vhen the Catholic interest began
to decline at Court, some time after the Restoration, he was
obliged to resign all his offices; and later, when the infamous .
Titus Oates included the name of Lord Bellasys in the narra.
tive of his pretended Catholic plot, in the year 1678, his
lordship was committed to the Tower, with other Catholic
noblemen, and there detained until released by James II.,
who in 1686 appointed him one of the Commissioners of the
Treasury.
Lord BeUasys was thrice married; first, to Jane, daughter
and heir of Sir Robert Butler, of Woodhall, in Gloucestershire,
by whom he had one son, Henry (who was made a Knight of
thë Bath at the coronation of Charles 11.), and one daughter,
Mary, wife of Viscount Dunbar; secondly, to Anne, daughter
and co-heir of Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, in Suffolk, relict of
Sir William Airmerie, of Osgodby, Lincolnshire; and thirdly,
to Lady Jane, daughter of John, Marquis of Winchester, by
whom he had four daughters.
The title became extinct upon the death of his grandson
Henry, thirà Baron Bellasys of W orlabye.
Lord Bellasys died in 1689_
Dodd, Clt. His!.
I. Portrait, in a square frame, bearing his arms and a long inscription,
A. Van Dyck, pinx.; R. \Vhite, sculp.; published in Guillim's Heraldry, 1644.

Bellasys, Sir Rowland, was the son of Thomas, first
Lord Falconberg, and younger brother of Thomas, created
Earl Falconberg in the first year of the reign of \Villiam III.
His mother was Grace, daughter of Thomas Barton, of Smithels
Hall, Lancashire, Esq.
He was created a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of
Charles II., and married Anne, eldest daughter and eventually
sole heiress of James Davenport, of Sutton, co. Chester, Esq.,
N2

180

BIBLIOGRAPHI CAL DICTIONARY

by whom he had four sons, Thomas, Henry, John, and Rowland

and two daughters, Anne and l\lary.
The eldest son, Thomas, succeeded his uncle as Viscount
Falconberg, the earldom becoming extinct, and married Bridget,.
daughter of Sir John Gage, of Furle, near Lewes, in Sussex, one
of the co-heirs to l\lr. Middlemore, of Edgbaston, co. \Varwick

by whom he had a large family. His eldest son, Thomas

third Viscount Falconberg, born April 27, 1698, unfortunately
conformed to the Established Church, and was soon after
created Earl Falconberg of N ewborough, and died in 1774.
Sir Rowland Bellasys died in 1699. His fourth son,
Rowland, married Frances, daughter of Christopher, Lord
Teynham, by whom he had a son, Anthony Bellasys, a
merchant at Leghorn, who married Susannah, daughter of
John Clarvet, Esq., and had issue-Rowland, who succeeded
his kinsman, Henry, second Earl and fifth Viscount Falcon-
berg, to the latter title and the baronetcy only, and died s.p.
in 1810; and Charles Bellasys, D.D., of the Sorbonne, who
succeeded his brother as eighth Baronet and seventh Viscount
Falconberg, at whose decease at Lancaster, in 1815, the Barony
and Viscountcy of Falconberg and the ancient Baronetcy became
extinct.
Dodd, Ch. Hisl.
. Collills, Peerage.
Belson, John, Esq., was much esteemed for his know-
ledge in history and the abilities he displayed in controversy,
in which he assisted vVhite, Austin, Thomas Blount, Sergeant,
and other distinguished writers of his day. He was still alive
at the time of the revolution of 1688.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Tradidi Vobis, or the Traditionary Conveyance, 1662, 8vo.,
against" A Discourse of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome," by Lucius
Cary, Viscount Falkland.
Belson, Thomas, martyr, was a gentleman born at BrilI,
the family seat in the county of Oxford. He was at the
College at Rheims in I 584, departing from thence for England,
April 5, in that year. In 1589 he was apprehended in the
house of a pious Catholic widow, who kept the S1. Catherine's
\Vheel, in Oxford. He had come to visit his confessor,
George Nicols, a Douay priest, when the officers of the Uni-
versity broke into the house at midnight, and seized l\lr. Belson,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

18r

1\1r. Nicols, Richard Yaxley, another Douay priest, and
Humphrey ap Richard, a servant of the inn.
The next morning tht::y were examined concerning their
religion, and they all readily answered they were Catholics,
and on further pressure Mr. Nicols confessed he was a priest.
Subsequently they were sent to London, and after examina-
tion by Walsingham and the Council, and repeated tortures in
Bridewell and the Tower, they were ultimately conducted back
to Oxford to be tried at the assizes there.
The two priests were condemned on account of their priestly
character, and l\lr. Belson and the servant were convicted for
aiding and assisting the priests, and were, on that account,
sentenced to die, as in the case of felony.
Accordingly the priests were hanged, drawn, and quartered,
and the laymen hanged, at Oxford, July 5, 1589.
At the execution, after the two priests were dead, Mr.
Belson was ordered up the ladder to finish his course. He
first embraced the dead bodies of his pastors, which were then
in process of quartering, and begged the intercession of their
happy souls, that he might have the grace to imitate their
courage and constancy. He added that he considered himself
very happy in having had the privilege of being their ghostly
child, and that he was now to suffer with them, and should so
soon appear before the Almighty in such good company. In
this spirit he cheerfully delivered his body to the executioner,
and his soul to his l\'Iaker.
ChattOller, Memoirs
. Doltay Diaries.
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, was the second son of
Sir John Bennet, of Arlington, in Middlesex, by Dorothy,
daughter of Sir John Croft, of Sexham, in Suffolk. He was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he took degrees and
exhibited considerable genius for poetry. In the beginning of
the Civil War he was made under-secretary to George, Lord
Digby, Chief Secretary of State, and afterwards he volunteered
in the Royal army and distinguished himself in a sharp engage-
ment, near Andover, in Hampshire. On the failure of the
Royal cause he retired abroad, visiting Italy and other
countries, and omitting no opportunity of improving himself in
his travels. He returned to the Royal exiles in Flanders, and
\Vas appointed secretary to the Duke of York, and the King

182

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

conferred upon him the honour of knighthood at Bruges, in
I 658. Shortly afterwards he was sent to Spain, to represent
the King's interest at that Court, where he remained until the
Restoration.
Echard states that it was during this time that he secretly
espoused the Catholic cause and exerted his influence with con-
siderable effect to induce the King to embrace Catholicity, the
year before his restoration, at Fontarabia. No sooner was
Charles II. established on the throne than he ordered Sir Henry
to return from Spain, and on his arrival at Court he was received
with marked favour. He was first made Privy Purse, and,in Oct.
1662, principal Secretary of State. In the following year he
was created Baron Arlington, of i\.rlington, in l\fiddlesex, and in
ApriI, 1672, he was elevated into the title of Earl of Arlington.
The same year he received the Garter, and conjointly with
the Duke of Buckingham was sent as ambassadùr extraordinary
and plenipotentiary to conclude peace with the King and the
States of Holland.
In 1673 he was one of the three plenipotentiaries sent to
Cologne to mediate between the Emperor and the King of
France, and in the following year he was made Lord High
Chamberlain of the King's household, in which he was con-
firmed by James II. on succeeding to the throne. He died,
July 28, 1685, acknowledging himself a Catholic, though we
are told by Echard and other historians that in his latter days
he had endeavoured to strike in with the Protestant party, and
had even done all he could to prosecute Catholics and oppose the
French interest, which made the King regard him with coldness.
If this is truly represented, it must be interpreted as a political
move to secure his own and the King's popularity, nothing
unusual to politicians who can smother their consciences under
a reserve. He did not escape the favourìte's fate; as he had been
instrumental in Lord Clarendon's disgrace, so was he supplanted
by the Earl of Danby, who had made him a tool in some of his
policy, especially in espousing the Protestant interest more than
he had intended. However, his last moments were better
employed, and there is little doubt he died in regret for much
of his life.
Dodd, Clt. His!.
I. Letters to Sir William 'remple, Bart., 1665-70, giving a
perfect account of the Treaties of Munster, Breda, Aix-Ia-

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

18 3

Chapelle, and the Triple Alliance, &c., Vol. I.-Letters to Sir
Rich. Fanshaw, the Earl of Sandwich, the Earl of Sunderland

and Sir Wm. Godolphin, during their respective Embassies
in Spain, 1664-74; as also to Sir Robert Southwell, in Portugal.
Lond. 1701, 8vo., 2 vols. pp. 454 and 480; pub. by Thomas Babington.
Translated into French, Utrecht, 1701-1706. 12mo., 2 pts.
These letters afford an insight into the secret and obscure management of
affairs during the above interesting periods. .
2. Letters to Sir B. Gascoign about tho intended match of the
Duke of Yorke with the Archdutches of Inspruck. Letters of
State to the Duke of Ormond, as likewise to the Duke of
Buckingham, &c. Lond. 1702. 8vo.
3. Original letters and negotiations of Sir R. Fanshaw, the
Earl of Sandwich, &c., with the several letters and answers
of the Lord Chancellor Hyde, the Lord Arlington, &c. 1724.8vo.
4. Letters from the Secretaries of State (i.e. the Earl of Arling-
ton, H. Thynne, &c.) in the reign of King Charles the Second,
to F. Parry, &c. Lond. 1817. 8vo.
5. T. Clifford's Engelse en Schotse gravaminses beneffens
des parlaments proceeduerentegen de Lords Arlington, Buck-
ingham en Lauderdale, &c. 1674. 4to.

Bennett, Edward, divine, brother of John Bennett, re-
ceived minor orders at Douay College (then at Rheims), in
1590, from whence he was sent to the English College, Rome

where he was admitted June 28, 159 I. Here he was ordained
priest, l\larch 12, 1594, and was sent to the English mission
Dec. 16, 1597. He was soon apprehended and imprisoned
with the other priests in \Visbeach Castle. He was one of
the thirty-three clergymen, mostly confined in vVisbeach, who
signed the Appeal, Nov. 17, 1600, against Blackwell, the Arch-
priest, and he took an active part in the Archpriest Controversy,
though no work bears his name. Later he acquired a great
reputation amongst the secular clergy, and was also much
respected by the regulars,. especially the Benedictines.
In 162 I, shortly before the death of Dr. Harrison, the third
and last Archpriest, whose own experience, and the desire of
the Catholic body, was in favour of the appointment of a
bishop in place of an archpriest, l\1r. John Bennett was sent to
Rome to urge the Holy See to nominate a bishop for England.
Panzani says that this demand was secretly made, under pre-
tence of seeking a dispensation for marriage between the sister
of the King of Spain and Prince Charles, afterwards King of
England. vVilliam Bishop and Edward Bennett were nomi-
nated with others for this dignity. Mr. Bennett wa
considered

184

DIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

a most eligible candidate, for though 68 years of age, he was
in possession of full vigour, and was in a position to sup-
port the dignity out of his own ample patrimony. But the
selection fell upon \Villiam Bishop. In 1635, IVlr. Bennett was
elected Dean of the Chapter, on the death of l\1r. John Colleton,
in which dignity he died in 1637.
Dodd, Clt. Hist.; ltfemoirs of Pall:::ani; Ma:::iere Brad.Jl,
Episcopal Successioll
. Sergeant, Accoullt of lite Cltapter
' Foley,
Roman Diary.

Bennett, John, divine, was the brother of Edward
Bennett, of the diocese of St. Asaph, in "VVales, and nephew of
John Bennett, son of Hugh John Bennett, of Brencanellan,
co. Flint, who, after being ordained priest at Douay, became a
Jesuit, and was known by the names of Price, Floyd, and
Baker. John Bennett went to Douay in ] 588, and two years
later went to Spain, where he was probably ordained.
After coming on the mission he was apprehended, and
confined with the other priests in "VVisbeach Castle. Here he
took an active part in what is known as the Archpriest Contro-
versy. Twenty years later, in 162 I, when the clergy were
again petitioning the Pope for the appointment of a bishop,
1\1r. Bennett was despatched to Rome as their agent, his com-
mission being signed by John Colleton. He was joined by
William Farrar, a clergyman of undoubted character and
Protonotarius Apostolicus. They arrived at Douay, Sept. 30, on
their way to Rome.- Their injunctions were in the first place
to petition for a bishop, and secondly to adduce reasons for
granting a dispensation for the proposed match between Prince
Charles and the Infanta of Spain. Mr. Bennett remained in
Rome until the restoration of episcopal government was arranged,
when he returned to Paris with instructions to wait upon Dr.
Bishop, on whom it was decided to confer tne episcopal dignity.
After the bishop's consecration, they both proceeded to Douay
on their way to England, in July, 1623, where Mr. Bennett
spent the remainder of his days.
The result of this agency gained him great repu tation with
his brethren, who had previously met with so many repulses in
the same cause.

Dodd, Clt. Hisl.; DOllay Diaries,. Tier1ley's Dodd, vol. iii.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

18 5

I. The Hope of Peace. By Laying open such doubts and
manifest untruths as are divulged by the Archpriest in his
Letter or Answer to the Bookes which. were published by
the Priests. Franckford, by the heires of D. Turner. 1601. 4to.,
pp. 45. The preface of this work is signed J. B. It contains copies of
l3lackwell's letters of April, 1599, Feb. 21, and March 2, 1600, &c. Incidentally
it alludes to" An Appeale," which Blackwell in his letter to a Laie Gentle-
man, dated April 16, 1601, terms a seditious pamphlet. This was the Appeal
of the thirt y-three Clergymen against Blackwell, dated from \Visbeach,
Nov. 17, 1600. _ At the end of the work, Bennett says, "afterJ that
this answere to ::\1. Blackwell his Letter was printed, an other copie
of the same letter came to our sight, which hath caused us to amend the first
copie by way of eiTata," &c.; one page of additional matter is therefore
added. Bennett was no doubt assisted in this work by several of the Appel-
lant clergy in Wisbeach. Persons replied to it with his Appendix to the
Apologie, in which he remarks that the book bears the imprint of Frankfort,
whereas it is known to have been printed at London by favour of Bancroft,
Bishop of London, and the pennission of the p'.lrsuivants. Vide, for Archpriest
Controversy, Xfer. Bagshaw, \'1. Bishop, G. Blackwell, T. Bluet, J. Mush,
Ant. Rivers, S. J., \V. \Vatson, &c.
2. A Censure upon the Letter which F. Parsons writ, 9 Oct.
1599, to Dr. Bishop and Mr. Charnock, printed in Copies of Discourses,
by Dr. Bishop, in 160i.
3. Summarium informationis de Congregatione Thomæ Worth-
ington in Anglia. .:\lS. 2 pp. Old Chapter Archives, Spanish Place,
5th Report, Hist. l\ISS. Com,
4. Narratio historic a, ea summatim complectens quæ ab initio
regni Elizabethæ ad religion em et jurisdictionem in Clero
Anglicano ad præsentem annum 1621 declarandum spectare
videntur. Auctore Joanne Bennetto, Sacerdote Anglo.
lS.
2 copies. Old Chapter Archh-es.

Bental, Cassy, a colonel in the Royal army in the time
of Charles I., who was killed at Stow-on-the-Wold, Glou-
cestershire.
Lord CastlclIlaill, Catk Apology.

Bentney, William, Father S.J., alias Bennet, was a
native of Cheshire, born in 1609. He entered the Society of
Jesus in 1630- I, and was sent to the English mission in 16 4 0 .
A victim of the Oates Plot, he was betrayed and arrested, and
committed to Leicester Gaol. As no one in the county could
be found to appear against him, being so universally esteemed,
he was removed to Derby for trial, and at the Spring Assizes,
:March, 1682-3, he was called to the bar, tried for high treason
for being a priest and a Jesuit, and condemned to death. The

186

BIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

sentence, bowever, was respited, and he was remanded back to
Leicester Gaol. It is most probable that he was released on
the accession of James II., in 1685, but was a second time
arrested, tried, and condemned to death in the persecution
which followed the Orange Revolution of 1688. He died, a
confessor of the faith, in Leicester Gaol, Oct. 3 (or 30), 1692,
in his 84th year.
Foley, Records SJ. Collecta1Zea.
Bere, John, martyr, was one of the nine Carthusians from
the Charterhouse starved to death in N ewgate, in I 537, for
refusing to acknowledge the king's spiritual sllpremacy.
Lewis, Sanders' Angl. Schism,. llIorris, Troubles, First Series.
Berington, Charles, D.D., Bishop of Hierocæsarea, was
the third son of Thomas Berington, of l\loat Hall, Salop, by
his wife Anne, daughter and heiress of Mr. Bates, ot Stock
H all, in Essex.
The Beringtons were a very ancient Shrewsbury family, and
several of them were eminent physicians; indeed, during the
last century, the town of Shrewsbury was seldom without a
physician of the name of Berington.
Their residence was in Berington Square, afterwards called
St. Alkmund's Square, and it was in the chapel in this house
that the Catholics of the town were enabled to hear Mass.
The Beringtons of \Vinsley, in Herefordshire, were a different
family, though allied to this by the marriage of Anne, daughter
of J ol1n Berington, of \Vinsley, Esq., with Thomas Berington t
of Moat Hall, co. Salop, Esq., in the latter half of the seven-
teenth century.
Charles Berington was born in 1748, at Stock Hall, in Essex,
where his family had removed in the reign of George II., from
Moat Hall, near Hanwood. He went over to Douay College
in Aug. I 761, and thence proceeded to St. Gregory's at Paris,
in Oct. 1765, to study philosophy and divinity. Here he was
ordained priest, in 1775, and took his degree of D.D. of the
Sorbonne in the following year. He then came on the mission
and was placed at Ingatestone Hall, in Essex, where he re-
mained until he accepted the appointment of tutor to the
young l\lr. Giffard of Chillington, with whom he travelled for
about two years through France, Italy, and Germany. On his
return to England, he was elected coadjutor to Bishop Thomas

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

18 7

Talbot, of the Midland district, and was consecrated at Long-
birch to the See of Hierocæsarea, Aug. I, 1786.
\Vhen the Catholic Committee (afterwards resolved into the
Cis-Alpine Club) was formed in 1783 to watch over the con-
cerns of the Catholic body, and to procure the repeal of the
Penal Laws, Bishop Berington, with Bishop ] ames Talbot and
the Rev. ] oseph vVilks, formed the ecclesiastical portion of the
Committee. \Vith them was also associated his relative, the
Rev. ] oseph Berington, with whom he resided for some time at
Old Oscott, and they were the principal clergy who supported
that Society from its commencement.
The Bishop signed the" Protest" and otherwise identified
himself with a party whose policy was at variance with that of
the Vicars Apostolic as well as of the Court of Rome. The
Catholic Committee made efforts, in I 790, to obtain the trans-
lation of Bishop Berington to the London district, on the
death of Bishop ] ames Talbot, but failed. The Holy See re-
garded with suspicion the defender of the condemned " oath,"
and declined to promote him. Party feeling ran very high,
and many of the clergy held Bishop Berington in great dislike.
Fr. Robert Plowdon, S.]., who was chaplain of St. ] oseph's,
Bristol, in 1795, when Bishop Thomas Talbot died, went so
far as to prevent Bishop Berington from saying Mass in
suffrage for the soul of the friend and bishop to whom he had
been coadjutor. It was rumoured that the other Vicars Apos-
tolic approved the conduct of Fr. Plowdon, whose chapel was
situated within the district of Bishop vValmesley. But the
Holy See had never pronounced against Bishop Berington, and
it was judged by calmer heads that in this case zeal was not
confined within just limits.
Upon the accession, in 1795, of Bishop Berington to the
Vicariate, for he had been elected coadjutor Cllm jure succ;ssiollis,
the Holy See required of him, as an ir.dispensable condi.
tion for the despatch of the extraordinary faculties usually
conceded to Vicars Apostolic, that he should renounce the
condemned Oath and the Blue-Books, and retract his subscrip-
tion to them. A long correspondence between the Bishop
and Propaganda ensued before he could be induced to sign a
satisfactory form of retractation.
In 1797, Cardinal Gerdil, Prefect of the Propaganda, signi.
fied to the senior Vicar Apostolic, Bishop vValmcsley, that if it

188

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

met the approbation of the Vicars Apostolic, he would recom-
mend Mr. John Milner to be coadjutor to Bishop Berington,
that he might exercise those faculties which were withheld from
that Bishop, owing to his refusing the required retractation. One
of the Vicars Apostolic objected to this arrangement, because
he still hoped that Bishop Berington would yield. At last,
after an interchange of letters, for a space of nearly three years,
between Cardinal Gerdil, Bishop Berington, and l\1gr. Charles
Erskine (afterwards Cardinal), the negotiation was virtually ter-
minated on Oct. I I, 1797, on which day the Bishop signed, at
Wolverhampton, the retractation which was required of him.
The papers containing the faculties were sent from Rome, and
reached the hands of Bishop Douglass, the Vicar Apostolic in
London, June 5, 1798; but, on the 8th, Bishop Beriugton died
without having received them.
Some time previously, in his confirmation progress through
Norfolk, his horse came down, and his collar-bone was broken,
but it was not discovered until some days after the accident.
He then went to Ingatestone, where his brother Thomas had
succeeded him, and was long seriously ill. Indeed, he never
recovered from the shock his constitution, otherwise very robust,
suffered from that accident. Not long after he had the misfor-
tune to sleep in a damp bed in \V orcestershire, where he was
giving confirmation, which was followed by a rather severc
illness, and on June 8, 1798, he died, almost suddenly, of
a fit of apoplexy. On the preceding day, the feast of
Corpus Christi, he had said l\1ass as usual, and on the fatal
day itseìf had assisted at the Mass of his chaplain.
"Endowed," says Bishop lYIilner, "with superior talents and
the sweetest temper, he wanted the firmness requisite for the
episcopal character in those times, to stem the tide of irre-
ligious novelty and lay influence, and so lent his name and
authority to the Oath and the Blue-Books, and to every other
measure which his fellow-committee-men deemed these might
serve."
The Gelltleman's Maga:;Ùze describes him: "A prelate whose
amiable virtues gave an impressive charm to the truths of reli-
gion; a scholar of great classical tastes; a man whose judgment
was profound, whose manners were peculiarly conciliating, and
whose hilarity of conversation rendered him the delight of
society."

OF THE EXGLISH CATHOLICS.

r89

III a
iere Brady, Epi's. Succession; Owen & Blakeway, Hi's!.
of Shrewsbury J. Cath. Jf ago r 832 / Burke, COlllmOJlers.
1. Letter to the Catholic Committee, Nov. 4,1790.
2. Interesting correspondence between Bishop Berington and Propa-
ganda. l\ISS. .

Herington, Joseph, Rev., was born at vVinsley, in Here-
fordshire, Jan. 16, 1743. He was the son of John Berington.
of \Vinsley, and Devereux \Vootton, Esq., by \Vinifred, daughter
of John Hornyold, of Blackmore Park, Esq., whose father,
John Berington, had married Ann, daughter of Rowland
Andrews, of \Vinsley, Esq. The Beringtons of Winsley, and
their relatives and namesakes of 1\loat Hall, in Shropshire,
always ranked amongst the most respectable Catholics in their
respective counties.
Having learnt his rudiments at home, he was placed, for a
twelvemonth, under the care of his relation, Bishop Hornyold,
at Longbirch, and, when eleven years of age, was sent to the
preparatory school at Esquerchin, and from thence to the
College at Douay, where he was admitted, Aug. 2, 1755. Here
he was ordained and remained a'J a professor for some y
ars,
and was made Licentiate of Divinity of the University of
Douay in 1770. Whilst Professor of Philosophy at Douay
College he published, in 177 I, "Theses ex Logica et Psycho-
logia," which caused considerable stir, owing to his rejection
of the old and adoption of the new system of metaphysics ; to
the boldness of some of his opinions; and not a little, perhaps,
to his manner of answering his opponents in a public dispu-
tation. In 1772, at the end of the course of philosophy
which he had been teaching, he left Douay, and returned to
England.
For some time he resided as chaplain with his own family
at vVinsley, but in r 775 he took charge of the \Volverhampton
mission. At the close of the following year he resigned this
charge, and went to reside with his friend, 1\1r. Stapleton, at
Carlton, in Yorkshire, to allow himself more leisure for literary
pursuits. About 1782 he left Carlton to travel with 1\ir. 1\li1es
Stapleton. They passed two years abroad, and visited the
principal parts of France, and about the Rhine, where he
acquired that knowledge of the German language which he
so highly prized through life. On his return to England, in
1785, Bishop Talbot gave him the charge of the mission at

190

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Oscott, its solitude and quiet being favourable to study, and
the smallness of the congregation affording ample time for
literary pursuits. Soon afterwards his relative, Dr. Charles
Berington, coadjutor to Bishop Talbot, came to reside with
him. It was here Mr. Berington wrote the greater part of his
works. In May, 1793, he was induced to leave his retirement
at Oscott, and remove to Buckland, the seat of his friend, Sir
John Throckmorton, Bart.
Some years previous to this, in 1783, a Committee as-
sembled, consisting of five laymen, stating themselves to be "the
Committee appointed to manage the public affairs of the
Catholics of this kingdom," and Mr. Berington was one of the
few priests who seem from the very first to have sanctioned
and assisted them. Two years later the Committee, out.
stepping its proper limits in its zeal to enlighten Protestants,
laid for signature before the Catholic public, both lay and
clerical, what was not unreasonably denominated a "doctrinal
test." It was the exposition of Catholic principles, with
reference to God and the country, which l\Ir. Berington had
just republished, though with great alterations, from a collection
of old anonymous tracts in his "Reflections" addressed to the
Rev. J. Hawkins. This raised the decided opposition of the
bishops, and there can be no doubt but that this exposition
would have been chosen by the lay theologians of the Com-
mittee, instead of what is called the Protestation, as the test of
Catholic religious and civil principles. The consequence was
that an Episcopal Synod pointed out and censured a number
of errors in three of his works, the above "Reflections," the
"State and Behaviour of Catholics,>' and the "History of
Abeillard and Heloisa." Bishop Douglass, therefore, deprived
him of his faculties in the London district, for though he did
not realiy belong to that district, he then resided in it.
In 1797, his Letter to Bishop Douglass was considered by
that prelate a sufficient retractation of the objectionable passages,
and his faculties were restored to him. Afterwards this retracta-
tion was considered illusory, and Dr. Douglass again suspended
him until Mr. Berington had subscribed, Feb. 13, 180 I, to a
more ample and formal retractation.
His love of novelty and of the affected liberality of the day
created great prejudice against his writings, which, however,
was considerably removed before his death. If we may believe

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

19 1

his warm but conscientious opponent, the Rev. Charles
Plowdon, S.]., he had, for the strong manifestation of such a
spiri t in his "Theses ex Logica et Psychologia," been removed
from his chair as a professor at Douay,
He died at Buckland, Dec. I, 1827, aged 85. His writings,
both religious and historical, many of the latter being of great
value, are marked by extent of research, depth of thought, and
energy of expression.
:Mr. Rawbone, Vicar of Buckland, says that here, "for the
long period of thirty-four years, this truly venerable man dis-
charged his sacred functions in so even and upright a manner
as to merit and secure the affections of those over whom he
had the charge, and at the same time to avoid giving offence
to his Protestant brethren; to all he was equally kind, bene.
volent, and bountiful. Sincere, pious, just, and true, he walked
through his pilgrimage on earth respected and beloved, and it
may be doubted whether his loss is most regretted by those
under his own charge, or by the Protestants of Buckland and
its neighbourhood."
Providence had blessed him with a constitution naturally
strong, and by great regularity and abstemiousness he so pre-
served it that he never experienced any illness till that which
put an end to his life.
lVIr. Berington was an amiable man in society, an accom-
plished gentleman, a distinguished scholar, and, which is of
infinitely more importance, an excellent Christian and worthy
clergyman, who daily exemplified in his own person those
great lessons which, in a manner peculiarly his own, he every
Sunday, until the period of his death, preached and forcibly
pressed on his hearers from the altar.
Besides his own, the Latin, Greek, I talian, French, Spanish,
and German languages were familiar to him, and while at college
he also acquired a tolerable knowledge of Hebrew.
He was buried in the chancel of the church at Buckland, by
the particular desire of his friend Sir Charles Throckmorton,
who raised a mural monument to his memory, inscribed with a
long characteristic epitaph, written by Dr. Bew, who, during an
intimate acquaintance of more than forty years, was well able
to appreciate his merits.
Dr. Husenbeth, in his Life of l\Igr. \Veedall, alludes to
the fact that l\1r. Berington was the first priest to appear in a

19 2

BIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

black coat, and was in consequence blamed by many for need-
lessly exposing the clergy to insult and persecution. Previously
Catholic priests almost all wore brown clothes.
Catk. Miscellany, 1828; Orthodox JourJlal; Flanagan, Hist.
of the Ck.,. I{irk, Biog. Collectiolls, MSS.
I. Theses ex Logica et Psychologia, Douay, 1771. Publicly
defended by six of his pupils. This, as already stated, gave considerable
offence, and was censured by the Rev. :Alban Butler, V.G., of St. Orner's,
I près, and Boulogne, much of the opposition to it arising from its novelty
and boldness. Vide also No. 30.
2. Letters on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind, addressed to Dr. Priestley. 1776. 8vo. (anon.).
This arose out of an abridged form of" Dr. Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind," published by Dr. Priestley, who replied at the end of his "Disquisitions
on Matter and Spirit," to which Mr. Bcrington answered-
3. Immaterialism delineated, or a View of the First Principles
of Things, and an Examination of Materialism, or Reply to Dr.
Priestley's Disquisitions on Matter and Spirit. 1779.
4. A Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in Answer to his Sermon on the
delusive and persecuting Spirit of Popery. 1779.8vo. Dr. Fordyce's
drift was to raise the No-Popery cry, which afterwards broke out with such
violence in 1780.
5. The State and Behaviour of English Catholics from the
Reformation to the year 1780, with a view of their present
Number, Wealth, Character, in two Parts. Lond. 1780. 8vo., pp. xiii. 190.
The sale of this work was so rapid and extensive, that in the following
year he published a second edition, "with several additions and alterations,"
1781. 8vo., pp. xiii. 199.
6. Reflections addressed to the Rev. John Hawkins. 1785. 8vo.
Some time previous to this, \Vharton, a J esui t and priest at \V orcester,
apostatized and went to America. He then addressed a letter to the Catholics
of \V orcester, which was published by his friend, John Hawkins, an ex-
Benedictine, who had also read his recantation. and havi ng taken to himself
a wife, wrote" An Essay on Celibacy," followed by his " Appeal to Scriptme,
Reason, and Tradition," in support of the doctrines contained in \Vharton's
"Letter to the Roman Catholics of the City of \Vorcester," a work of 379
pages 8vo. I t was to this Mr. Berington replied with the above work, and
Hawkins again responded with" A general defence of the Principles of the
Reformation, in a letter to the Rev. J. Derington, being a reply to a work of
the latter, entitled ' Reflections,'" &c. 1788. 8vo.
7. The History of the Lives of Abeillard and Heloisa, com-
prising a period of eighty-four years, from 1079 to 1163. Lond.
1784. 4to., pp. 49 8 .
To the second edition, "with their genuine Letters, from the collection of
Amboise," Birmingham, 1787. 4to., he prefixed a long Introduction, con-
taining a general view of that part of the eleventh century preceding the
period described.
8. An Address to the Protestant Dissenters, who have lately

OF THE EXGLISH CATHOLICS.

193

petitioned for a repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts. Lond.
1786. 8vo.; Birm. 1787. 8\'0.
9. Reflections, with an Exposition of Roman Catholic Prin-
ciples in reference to God and the Country. Lond. 1787. 8vo.
This was an edition of a tract entitled" Roman Catholic Principles, in
reference to God and the King, explained in a letter to a friend, and now
made public, to show the connection between the said Principles and the bte
Popish Plot," Lond. 1680. This work is supposed by Dr. Kirk, who pub"-
lished an edition of it in 1815, to have been written by Fr. James Corker,
abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Lambspring. It was attacked by Dr.
Milner in his "Supplementary l\Iemoirs." It has, however, been reprinted
and edited by several clergymen of high standing, as Gother, \Veldon,
Bishops Hornyold and Coppinger, &c.
10. An Account of the Present State of Roman Catholic3 in
Great Britain. Lond. 1787. 8vo.
I I. An Essay on the Depravity of the Nation, with a View to
the Promotion of Sunday Schools. Lond. 1788. 8vo.; Birm. 17 8 9.
12. The Rights of Dissenters from the Established Church, in
relation, principally, to English Catholics. Birm. 1789. 8\'0.
Another edition, Dublin, 1790, 8vo., "A Defence of the Doctrines,
Establishment, and Conduct of the Church of England, from the charges of
the Rev. Joseph Berington," &c., was issued by the Rev. J. \Villiamson, B.D.
in 1790. 8\'0.
] 3. History of the Reign of Henry II., and of Richard and
John, his Sons, with the Events of the Period from 1154 to 1216,
in which the character of 'fhomas à Becket is vindicated from
the attacks of George, Lord Lyttelton. Birm. 1790. 4to. Ded.:o
C. J. Fox.
This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigour of con-
ception, vivacity, and energy of expression, and the character of St. Thomas à
Becket is very finely drawn.
14. The Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani, giving an account of
his Agency in England in the years 1634-5-6; translated from
the Italian original, and now first published, to which are added
an Introduction and Supplement. Birm. 1793. 8vo.
Panzani's objects were the reconciliation of the differences between the
Seculars and Jesuits, and to obtain the settlement of episcopal government
in England, and his attention was much directed to the oaths required, being
favourable himself to some middle course offering a prospect of satisfying the
existing Government. The publication of this work gave very great offence
to the Jesuits, and Fr. Charles Plowdon, S.J., published " Remarks" on
Berington's publication, Liége, 1794, in which he questioned the authenticity
of the Memoirs. On this point, however, there can be no doubt. Dodd's
copy of the original ::\lS., which is in the Archives of Propaganda at
Rome, is now at Oscott College. Bishop \Vitham also made a translation of
the original into English, while in Rome, and entitled it "The Reasons for
which Urban VII I. sent Panzani to the Queen of England, and his nego-
tiation there." This MS. is at U shaw College. A very imperfect and false
narrative of Panzani's negotiations, the Pope's Nuncio "resident here in

VOL. 1.

o

J94

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

England with the Queen, and treating about the alteration of Religion with
the Archbishop of Canterbury and his adherents, in the years 1634, 1635,
1636," &c., was printed for R. B. in 1643, 4to.
The subject has been treated at length by Dodd, "Ch. Hist.," Butler,
" Hist. Mem. of Catholics," and others.
15. An Examination of Events termed Miraculous, as reported
in Letters from Italy. Lond. 1796. 8vo.
In which he maintained that the facts were not sufficiently established,
and th<\t therefore the publication of the letters was more likely to be
prejudicial than beneficial to religion. Fr. Geo. Bruning, S.J., published, in
1796, "Remarks on the Rev. Joseph Berington's Examination of Events
termed Miraculous in Italy," and soon afterwards, Bishop Douglass sent to
him thirteen propositions, extracted, as he said, from his works, and desired
he would give an explanation of them. To this Mr. Berington readily
assented, and published the fol1owing-
16. A Letter to the Right Rev. John Douglass, Vicar Apostolic
of the London District. 1797. 8vo.
It is dated Feb. 25, and was acknowledged by Bishop Douglass
as adequate to the removal of the scandal that had been taken, and he
concluded his letter by saying" I deem your faith pure and orthodox." Vide
also No. 29.
17. Gother's Prayers for Sundays and Festivals, adapted to
the use of Private Families, or Congregations; to which is added
an Appendix, containing Prayers before and after Mass, and
some. Evening Devotions. Lond.1800.
This arrangement of Gother's Prayers was undertaken by Mr. Derington
at the request of his cousin, Bishop Herington, and after the latter's death,
in 1797, was published by his chaplain, the Rev. J. Kirk.
18. The Faith of Catholics, confirmed by Scripture, and
attested by the Fathers of the five first centuries of the Church.
Lond. 1813. 8vo.
In a note 1\1r. Berington states that he was assisted by the Rev. John
Kirk, "who revised and verified aU the passages in the work," hence the
Dedication is signed by both of them.
A second edition with additions was published by Dr. Kirk, Lond. 1830,
8\"0., which elicited from the Rev. J. 'Vaterworth, l\I.A., "Against the
authenticity or validity of certain passages from the Fathers, contained in
the' Faith of Catholics, on certain points of Controversy, compiled by Rev.
Joseph Berington and Rev. John Kirk.'" Lond. 18 34. 8\'0., pp. 76.
A third edition, edited, revised, and enlarged by the Re\T. J. 'Vaterworth.
appeared in 3 vols. Lond. 1846. 8vo. .
In 1844, tom. i. 8vo., J. Braun (Bibliotheca regularum fidei) edited
"Fides Catholicorum de quibusdam capitibus quæ controversa sunt, ex
libro J. Berington et J. Kirkii desumta."
" Roman Misquotation; or, Passages from the Fathers, adduced in a work
entitled' The Faith of Catholics,' brought to the test of the originals," was
published by R. F. P. Pope. 18..J.0. 8vo.
19. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Catholic
Religion in England, during a period of two hundred and forty

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

195

'years from the reign of Elizabeth to the present time, including
"the Memoirs of G. Panzani. With many particulars relative to
"the Court of Charles the First, and the causes of the Civil War.
erranslated from the Italian original. Lond. 1813. 8vo.
This is the same work as the ,. Memoirs of Panzani," Binn. 1793, with a
-new title-page.
20. A Literary History of the Middle Ages; comprehending
-an Account of the state of Learning, from the close of the Reign
of Augustus to its revival in the 15th Century. Lond. 1814. 4to.,
-pp. 747.
This is the most voluminous and learned of all his works, and is the
-result of great labour, extensive reading, and deep research.
It was at once translated into French by A. :\1. H. Boulard, "Histoire
littéraire des huit premiers siècles de l'ere Chrétienne depuis Auguste, jusqu'à
-Charlemagne. Traduite de I'Anglais." Paris, 1814, 8vo.; 1816, 1821, and
1822. ::\1. Boulard al
o published a translation of Appendix I. of the
." Literary H ist. of the Middle Ages," Paris, 1822, 8\"0., and Appendix I I., in
1823. It was again published for the "European Library," with a biogra-
phical notice of the author, by 'v. Hazlitt, 1846, 8vo., and also by the same
.editor, Lond. 1882. 8vo., pp. x. 469.
21. The History of the Rise, the Progress, and the Decline of the
Papal Power. MS.4 thick vols. 4to. In which is given a comprehensive
view of all the principal transactions of the Church, from its first foundation
to the occupation of Rome by the French Army in 1798, and the captivity of
Pius VI.
From a note it appears that it was begun Dec. I, 1794, and finished, after
many interruptions, Aug. 16, 1799. "Though compiled," he says, "with the
"Utmost care, from authentic monuments, it is not my intention that it should
ever see the light. In it are many reflections-some, perhaps, hazarded-
that would alarm timid minds, and give offence to the well-meaning, though
by the more discerning, and the learned, the work, I flatter myself, would
be perused with pleasure and profit. It has been seen by few. Into whos-
'e\"er hands it may fall after my death, my solemn instruction is, that it be
not published. I write this, after mature thought, on the 2nd of October
1819. Joseph Berington." The MS. is now at Oscott College.
22. A Prayer-Book for the Use of the London District. ISI3. MS.
Lamenting the want of uniformity in our prayer-books, :\lr. Berington
proposed a plan to Dr. Poynter," who approved of it, and threw the whole
-execution on him." The ::\IS. was afterwards made over to Dr. Fletcher,
who made great use of it in his" Catholic's Prayer-Book."
23. Metaphysica primum tradita Parisiis, dein Duaci à
D. Jos. Berington, S.T. Licentiato. :\IS. in the Old Chapter Archives,
Spanish Place.
2
. An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church. j\IS.,
pp. 9 2 folio, written before the passing of the Bill of 1792.
25. A Letter on the Use of the Latin Tongue in the Service
of the Church. :\15.
In which he proposes ,. that that part of the Altar Service which is read
aloud, should be read in English, when approved of by that tribunal where
o 2

J96

BIDLIOGRAPI-IICAL DICTIOK_\RY

éllone rests the power of enforcing or relaxing the general discipline of the-
Catholic Church."
26. The Case of Fr. Garnet further considered; occasioned by.
the defence of him by Philolethes. GCll!. Jí{
[{., yol. 1. p. 633.
27. Observations on Dr. Milner's Unpublished Pastoral Charge-
of :ßIarch 30, 1813, in two Letters to the Editor of the Ortho-
dox Journal, but refused admission. 1\15.
28. Queries proposed to the le'.1rned Members of the Univer-
sity, who lately presented an Address to his Majesty, dated
May 4, 1807. MS.
29. A Letter to Rev. G. Bruning on his "Remarks on
Ir.
Derington's Examination of Events termod J'lIiraculous." 1\IS.
30. A Letter to Rev. Tilrbervill Needham, Director of
the Imperial Academy at Brussels, in answer to two from
him on his Theses ex Logica et Psychologia. 1772. MS.
31. An Hypothesis calculated to illustrate the mystery of"
the Trinity. 1\IS. pp. 10.
31. Observations on the Apostles', Nicene, and Constantino-
politan Creeds, and on those of St. Athanasius and Pius IV.
With an Analysis of Dr. Holden's Analysis Fidei. 1\1S. "I know
not," he says in the last page, "why I did not proceed with this analysis.
which might have been useful. But it was suspended, and I never resumed
it. Nov. I, 1823."
33. Extracts from the "Observations sur l'ouvrage de.
M. De Colonac. Par M. Boissy D' Anglo3, Deputé à l' Assemblée-
Nationale." l\IS.
34. Letters to Mrs. Hannah More on her work" Cælebs." MS.
35. A Letter to Dr. Barrington, Bishop of Durham, on his
Charge.
36. A Letter to a Protestant Gentleman on the Doctrine of the-
Real Presence. MS.
37. Reasons for Altering our Church Government. MS.
38. An Introduction to "A Discourse proposing considera-
tions why and how the Oath of Supremacy may lawfully anð.
without scandal to any be taken. By A. B." l\JS., pp. 95, fol.
He conjectures A. n. to be John Serjeant.
39. A Letter to the Protestant Fabulist. Pub. in 182I.
40. A Letter to the Right Rev. the Bishop of Winchester. Pub.
in 1821.
41. Besides the foregoing, Mr. Berington wrote in se\"eral periodicals.
He had a controversy with Bishop Milner in the GClltlclIla1Z'S Jíaga:;Ùze

1787, &c. Dr. Milner pays Mr. Berington's style a high compliment: "Mr.
Joseph Berington possesses an enlivening pen, which wiII not suffer any
subject that it touches to languish, or grow insipid. Amongst all the periods
tllat have been objected to in his numerous compositions, no one ever
objected to a dull period."
A second edition, corrected and enlarged, was published, Lond. 18!:::!, of
J. Evans's work, "Protestantism and Popery Illustrated. Two letters from a
Catholic Priest (Joseph Be1Ïngton) to the author of the 'Sketch of the

OF THE E
GLISH CA TIIOLICS.

197

Denominations of the Christian \Yorld,' with his: reply ; tendin
to illustrate
the real sentiments of the Catholics throughout the United Kingdom. 'Vith
remarks on the subject."
Some of l\Ir. Berington's correspondence with his friend Dr. Carroll,
Bishop of Baltimore, in 1786; the Rev. :Mr. Evans, Unitarian Minister, to
whose work reference has been made, in I8II; Dr. Barrington, Bishop of
Durham; and
Irs. Hannah
Iore, in 1809, was published by Dr. Lingard in
the Catholic l\liscellany, August, 1828.
Dr. ::\Iilner and 1\Ir. Derington were very antagonistic, and in their literary
encounters some hard thrusts were exchanged. In Feb. 1795, Dr. l\Iilner
wrote a letter to 1\1r. Gough (N ichols's " Lit. Illus.," vol. v. p. 721), in which he
took exception to Dr. Geddes and
Ir. Derington as "not in general con-
Lidered as orthodox brethren."
After Dr. ::\Iilner had published his History of 'Yinchester, in 1798, 1\1r.
Herington addressed a letter on the subject to Urban, in the Gmtlèlllall's
../fly;a:::ille, vol. lix. p. 653, vindicating the Catholic Church from being party
to Dr.
Iilner's intemperance of languaage. In 1808 Dr. Milner retaliated
'.vith ., A Serious Expostulation with the Rev. J. B. on his Theological Errors
.concerning :Miracles."
42. Portrait, a silhouette, published in the Laity's Directory, 1831. 8vo.

Herington, Sinloll, priest, was the son of John Bering-
ton, Esq., of \\
insley, in Herefordshire, by Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Thomas \V oolryche, Knt. and Bart., of Dudmaston, co.
Salop, and was born Jan. 11-21, 1679-80.
He was educated at Douay College, where he was ordained
priest, and sometimes assumed, as was customary in those
dangerous times, his mother's maiden name. He taught poetry
and philosophy at Douay for some time, and eventually was
sent upon the English mission. He succeeded his cousin,
Thomas Berington, to the chaplaincy at the Priory of St.
Thomas, in Staffordshire, the seat of the Fowlers, about 1720,
and here he remained until about 1733. This Thomas Berington
was the son of Thomas Berington, of l\1oat Hall, co. Salop,
Esq., a distinct family from the \Vinsley Beringtons, but con-
nected by the marriage of one of the latter with Anne
Berington, l\ir. Simon's aunt.
Mr. Berington was a member of the Chapter, and, in 1748,
was elected its Secretary, at which time he had the charge of
the Clergy Library in Gray's Inn. He died at his chambers
there, April 16, 1755, aged 75.
The many and various works which he wrote and pub-
lished are the best proof of his great abilities and acquire-
lnents.

19 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Owell and Blakezua)!, His!. of Shrez(}sbllr)' J. DOl/a)! Diaries;
Cath. ,i-'fag. 1832 ; Kirk, Biog. Collectiolls, MSS. J. Burke, Com.
1JlOJlers.
I. The Memoirs of Signor Gaudenzio de Lucca (Douay), 4 to ."
4 leaves.
A moral and encomiastic poem of I 53 lines, dedicated "To His Most.
ExceIlent Majesty James IlL, King of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith," &c., signed ., Simon Derington, Priest and
Present Professor of Poetry in the English College at Douay;" in which a.
new Utopia is described in elegant language, and with great fertility of
imagination.
2. The Great Duties of Life. In three Parts. With respect to.
the Supreme Being, the Laws of Morality, and the Law of Christ,
against the Deist, Free-Thinkers, and other Infidels. Lond. 173 8 .
8vo.; 2nd Edit. Lond., Meighan, 1750. 8vo.
Original MS. in the Old Chapter Archives, Spanish Place.
3. A Dialogue between the Gallows and a Free-Thinker. 1738.
It \Vas perused, he says, and approved of by Dr. Hawarden, Dr. Rider,
Dr. ChaIloner, and several other learned friends, who advised him to print it..
The .MS. contained 400 pages.
4. An Apology for the Catholicks.
5. A Letter of Thanks from the J'ews to the Cosmopolite, for
his Present to Protestants, Romanists, and Jews. Lond. The-
original MS. is in the Archives of the Old Chapter.
6. A Letter to a Doctor of Sorbonne, concerning the practice
of Inoculation.
ï. A Popish Pagan the fiction of a Protestant Heathen.
Translated from the Dutch. Lond. 1743.
This was in answer to Dr. Conyers Middleton's "Letter from Rome;.
shewing an exact Confonnity between Popery and Paganism."
8. A Modest Enquiry how far Catholicks are guilty of the
horrid tenets laid to their charge. By S. B. Lond. 1749.
9. The Life of Abraham Woodhead, prefixed to the Third Part of
his " Ancient Church Government," with a Preface.
Mr. Berington endeavoured to give :VIr. Woodhead the honour of being
the author of" The 'V hole Duty of Man." On this point Alban Butler says,.
"Certain it is, that Dr. J. Fell, Dean of Christ Church, afterwards Bishop of
Oxford, who published the other works of the author of' The \Vhole Duty of
Man,' in folio, at Oxford in 1675-78, and wrote the preface, and who was the
only person then living who knew the true author of. The \Vhole Duty of
Man,' gave this book, with other pieces of l\lr. ,V oodhead's, to Hawkins, his
bookbinder and bookseller, and ordered Mr. 'Voodhead's name to be added
to the title of this as well as of the other works which he gave to be bound.
If Mr. 'V oodhead wrote that celebrated work, it was before he traveIled
abroad, or had any thoughts of embracing the Catholic Faith."
10. Dissertations on the Mosaical Account of the Creation,
Deluge, Building of Babel, Confusion of Tongues, &c., grounded
on the Scriptures, &c. Lond. I7 50. 8\"0.

OF THE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

199

In these dissertations the author combats Infidels and Hutchinsonians,
La Pluche, \Voodward, Sir Isaac Newton, and many other writers. He dis-
plays considerable research and a great respect for revelation, but in the
opinion of an adversary (Orme, ,. Bib. Bibl.") "advances many things that are
absurd in philosophy and weak in religion."
I I. Miscellaneous Dissertations, Historical, Critical, and
Moral, on the Origin and Antiquity of Masquerades, Plays, &c.
1751. 8\"0.
The original MS., pp. 92 folio, is in the Archives of the Old Chapter,
Spanish Place.
12. The Quarrel between Venus and Hymen. An heroic
Satyrical Poem in 6 Cantos. .MS. in Old Chapter Archi,'cs.
13. The Astrologer, or the Predictions of Tycho Brahe, Junior.
.MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
14. A Dissertation on Birds of Passage, such as the Wood-
cock, Stork, Felfare, Cuckoo, Swallow, &c.; Whither they go;
Whether to the Moon? A Letter to Dr. A-ne. MS. in Old
Chap. Arch.
15. Vis Matrix, or Philosophical Essays on Continued Motion,
Mutual Attraction, and Gravitation. By S. B., Gent. Dies diem
docet. :i\IS. in Old Chap. Arch.
16. Free-Thinking dissected. By S. Berington. "Free-think-
ing, which in propriety of speech is no thinking at all," Dean
Swift.
.MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
17. A true and genuine account of the Brazen-head, invented
by Roger Bacon, which told him, time is, time was, and time
is past.
.MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
18. The Charms of Hampton Court, the seat of the Countess of
Coningsby in Herefordshire.
19. Critical Remarks on a late poem entitled" The Quarrel
between Venus and Hymen." The pulpits alone will never
preach down the sins of the town. MS. in Old Chap. Arch.
20. The doctrines and practices of the Jesuits no just argu-
ment against the Church, in Three Dialogues between Patro-
philus and Misopater, with some animadversions on a late pam-
phlet entitled, Much may be said on both sides. Extrema fuge.
MS., pp. 90 folio, in Old Chap. Archives.

Herington, Thomas, priest, was the son of Thomas
Berington, Esq., of Moat Hall, co. Salop, by Anne, daughter of
John Berington, of \Vinsley, co. Hereford, Esq., which seems to
have been the only connection between the two families.
He was born Dec. I I or 12, 1673, and was sent to Douay
College, where he was ordained priest.
Mr. Pegg died in 171 I, chaplain to \Villiam Fowler, Esq.,
at St. Thomas's, in Staffordshire, and it was either at this time,

200

J3IBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

or on the translation of Dr. George \Yitham, V.A. of the J\Iidland
district, to the Northern district, in 1715, that l\1:r. Berington
became chaplain at St. Thomas's; for in an information of the
altar plate and furniture sent to the Commissioners for Forfeited
Estates by the infamous apostate priest, Richard Hitchmough,
in 1717, it appears that Bishop \Vitham used to reside here.
:Mr. Berington remained here for at least nine years. He
was afterwards given the charge of the mission at Hore Cross,
Staffordshire, the seat of l\Iary Ann Howard, widow. He was
a membcr of the Chapter, and as Senior Capitular presided at
the General Assembly, held in 1748. In the second session,
on the death of J\Ir. Day, he was chosen Dean, and on this
occasion he made a rather remarkable address to his assembled
brethren. He also presided at thc General Assembly held in
1755. He died in London, Dec. 20, in that year, aged 82,
highly esteemed and respected by all his brethren, as well as
by the members of the chapter.
He was uncle to Thomas Berington, Doctor of the Sorbonne,
who died at Ingatestone Hall, Essex, Oct. 24,1805, aged 75.
Cath. .IJJïscel. 1825; DOllay Diaries; Cath. .Jlag. 1832;
J{irk, Biog. Collections, l1ISS.; Forfeited Estates, P. 21, P.R.O.
J. News from the Dead; or, The Monthly Packet of True
Intelligence from the other World, written by Mercury. Lond.,
Meighan, 1719, Svo.; a curious pubiication.
2. He probably published some other works.
3. Address to his assembled brethren at the Second Sessions
of the General Assembly of the Chapter, 1755. ::\IS. Archives of
the Old Chapter, Spanish Place.

Berisford, Humphrey, gentleman, was the son of a Pro.
testant Derbyshire squire. He studied at Douay for about
two years. Returning home, he was engaged in prosecuting
an action at law for his father, when he was accused by his
opponent of being a recusant. The judge thereupon examincd
him, and as he courageously professed his faith, he was com.
miUed to prison. His Lordship offered him both favour to his
cause and liberty if hc would but only say he ,,'ould go to
the Protestant church, which he uttcrly refused. He remained
in prison seven years, and. then died a prisoner in Derby Gaol
about 1588.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

201

Berkeley, Joanna, Abbess, O.S.B., was the daughter of
Sir John Berkeley, of Beverston Castle, near Tetbury, Glou-
cestershire. Passing over to the Continent, she was clothed at
St. Peter's Abbey, Rheims, Nov. 12, I 580, and made her
solemn vows Dec. 6, 1581, at the age of 25. In 1598 she
was sent to the infant community at Brussels, founded July I I,
in that year, by the Lady 1'Iary Percy, daughter of Thomas,
Earl of Northumberland. She was consecrated first Abbess of
the new monastery by l\'Iathias van Houé, Archb
shop of 1'Iechlin,
Nov. 14, 1599. She brought with her some of the professed
nuns from St. Peter's to assist her in training the eight novices
with whom the Abbey was commenced.
She died Aug. 2, 1616, aged 6 I.
Lady Mary Percy, the foundress, succeeded as second Abbess,
followed by other ladies of ancient English families.
The Abbey was the first monastery of English nuns founded
on the Continent, and continued until its peaceful inmates were
compelled to quit their house during the upheaval caused by
the French Revolution. They quitted Brussels, June 24, 1794,
and it is curious to obscrve that its members were the first of
the communities who returned to England aftcr the Revolution.
They were provided with a house ill \Vinchester by Bishop
l\Iilner.
Petre, Notices of tlte E71g. Colleges and COllvents.

Berkeley, Robert, Esq., was the son and heir of Thomas
Berkeley, of Spetchley Park, co. \Vorcester, Esq., by his wife
:\'Iary, daughter and heiress of Robert Davis, of Clytha, co.
l\'Ionmouth, Esq. He succeeded to the family estates on the
death of his father in France
and married first, Anne, sister
and co-heiress of John \Vyborne, ofFlixton, co. Norfolk, Esq. ;
secondly, Catherine, daughter of Thomas Fitzherbert, of Swin-
nerton, co. Stafford, Esq.; and thirdly, Elizabeth, daughter of
Peter Parry, of Twysog, co. Denbigh, Esq.
l\Ir. Berkeley died at Spetchley Park without issue, Dec. 19,
1804, aged 9 I, and was succeeded by his nephew Robert.
He was held in great respect by the general body of
Catholics, and was, perhaps, the first in the agitation which
preceded the repeal of some of the laws against Catholics in
177 8 , to call the attention of the public to the absurdity and
cruelty of the Penal Laws.

202

BIBLIOGRAPlIICAL DICTIONARY

Kirk, Biog. Collections, 111S S., Archiepise. Archives, TVestlll. ,.
Burke, C01Jl1lloncrs.
I. Considerations on the Oath of Supremacy.
2. Considerations on the Declaration against Transubstantia-
tion, in a letter to a friend. Lond. 1778. 8vo., pp. 29.

Bernard, William, vide vVilliam Husband.

Bernardi, John, a Major in the Army, was conspicuous.
for his sufferings as an adherent of James II. His family was
originally Genoese, and had flourished at Lucca for many
centuries. His grandfather, Philip de Bernardi, was created,
in 1629, a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. for services to
the House of Austria, and settled in England, where he resided
twenty-eight years in some public capacity. Marrying into an
ancient English Catholic family, Philip de Bernardi had two
sons, of whom Francis, the younger, was the father of Major
Bernardi. Francis went to reside for a time in the Republic
of Genoa, but disgusted with something that occurred in his
intercourse with that State, he determined to return to his.
native country, and he retired into vVorcestershire. He is
repres('nted by his son John, the major, as a man of austere
temper, who made no scruple of treating him with great severity
for very insufficient reasons. The boy, accordingly, ran away
from his paternal roof at the age of thirteen, and meeting with
persons who felt for his case, he was enabled to avoid the
necessity of a return. His friends first attached him to the
garrison at Portsmouth, where he learnt the duties of a military
life, and afterwards sent him over to Holland as a private in
one of the English companies employed by the States. During
a residence of several years abroad in this service he was.
repeatedly in action, and received some severe wounds, but his
career was otherwise prosperous; he rose in his profession, and

in 1677, married a Dutch lady of good family and fortune. In
1687, however, James II. demanded from the States the six
British regiments which had been in the Dutch service for
fifteen years. The demand was refused, but permission was
given to any of the officers who chose to withdraw. Only
about sixty did so, out of the two hundred and forty, and
Major Bcrnardi was amongst them. King James received the
sixty with great distinction, and declared rebels those of their
late comrades who remained. At the Revolution, in the follow-

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

203

ing year, IVlajor Bernardi followed James II. into France and
Ireland, and also endeavoured to serve him in Scotland. \Vhen
the deposed monarch's cause was irretrievably ruined, Bernardi,
after some difficulties and dangers, settled himself in a place of
retirement near London. Subsequently he took up his abode
in the city itself, but in 1696 he was taken into custody on
pretence of being an accomplice in a plot for the assassination
of King \Villiam. There was not sufficient evidence to convict
him, and, as he has himself asserted in his autobiography, he
was wholly guiltless. But six successive Parliaments passed
Acts to detain him and some others in prison, and he died in
Newgate, in 1736, after a confinement of nearly forty years,
having in the course of it married a second wife, by whom he
had ten children.

Rose, Biog. Diet.
I. Life of Major John Bernardi. Lond. 1729. 8vo.
2. Portrait, by G. Yr. Gucht, pub. with his Autobiography.

Beste, Henry Digby, novelist and miscellaneous writer,
was born on Oct. 2 I, 1768, and was the son of the Rev. Henry
Beste, D.D., Prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral, and senior
wrangler at Cambridge, by :l\1agdalen, daughter and heiress of
Kenelm Digby, Esq., of North Luffenham, co. Rutland, who
claimed to be the representative of the extinct male line of the
historic Sir Everard and Sir Kenelm Digby. He became a
commoner of :l\1agdalen College, where he proceeded 1\LA. in
179 I, and was afterwards elected to a fellowship, which he
vacated when the family estates of T\1avis Enderby and
Sutterton came to him on the death of his mother.
He thereupon retired to Lincoln, where he resided for some
time. He had taken deacon's orders and was very active as a
preacher, but doubts sprang up in his mind concerning the
character of the Established Church, and the result was that he
was received into the Catholic Church by Mr. Hodgson, V.G.
of the London district, !\lay 26, 1798, and subsequently he
travelled abroad and spent four years in France.
He married, in 1800, Sarah, daughter of Edward Sealy,
Esq., of Castle Hill House, Somerset, and was the father of
the well-known author, John Richard Digby Beste. He pur.
chased the estate of Botleigh Grange, Hants, where he generally

204

BIBLIOGRAI)HICAL DICTIOXARY

resided, but died at Brighton, 1\Iay 28, 1836. He was the
originator of modern Tractarian doctrines.
I. The Christian Religion defended against the Philosophers
-and Republicans of France. Lond. 1793. 8\"0.
2. A Sermon on John xx. 23, preached before the University
of Oxford. Oxford, 1793. 8\'0., pp. 32.
In which he seems earnestly desirous of restoring to the priesthood the
.power of the keys.
A third edition, entitled" Sermon on Priestly Absolution, with Notes," &c.,
was pub. 1874. 8\'0.
3. Four Years in France; or, a Narrative of an English
Family's Residence there during that period, preceded by some
;account of the Conversion of the Author to the Catholic Faith.
Lond. 1826. 8vo. Published anonymously,
4. Italy as it is. Lond. 1828. 8vo.
5. Personal and Literary Memorials. Lond. 1.829. 8vo.
6. Poverty and the Baronet's Family. A Catholic Novel. VJïth
a Memoir of the Author. Lond. 1846. 12mo.
Bethaln, John, D.D., Chaplain and Preacher to James II.,
was born in \Varwickshire, where his father possessed a large
estate. He was ordained priest at Douay, and then proceeded,
in 1667, to Paris to resume his studies, by the advice of 1\1r.
Carr, in order to take degrees in that university. He ,vas
elected President of the Secular College of St. Gregory there,
and passed :l\I.A. at the university in 167 I, after which he
Tcturned to pouay as confessor, leaving S1. Gregory's in charge
of Dr. l\leynell. He then returned to England, but was obliged
to remove to Paris during the frenzy raised by Oates' plot in
1678. In that year he was created D.D, of the Sorbonne.
In 1685 he was called to London by James II., who
appointed him one of his preachers-in-ordinary, and in conse-
quence he resigned the prf'sidency of St. Gregory's, which he
had been instrumental in completing, and over which he had so
ably presided for seventeen years. After the Revolution of
1688, the royal family retained their affection for Dr. Betham,
and he followed his l\lajesty to St. Germains. \Vhen the
Chevalier de St. George was old enough for a preceptor, that
honour was conferred upon Dr. Betham, and confirmed after
the exiled monarch's death by commission dated Oct. 30,1701.
Feeling his health declining, and his end approaching, he
wished to withdraw from public life and devote the remainder
of his days to privacy and devotion. Accordingly he retired, in
1705, to his seminary at raris, where he died April 20, 1709.

OF THE El\GLISH C.\ THOLICS.

205

lIe was a learned divine, a strict disciplinarian, grave and
reserved in conversation, and seldom appeared in public save
when duty called.
A fine portrait of Dr. Betham was preserved at St. Gregory's.
Dodd, Ch. His!.,. Ca!h. .llIag. 1833.
I. The Annunciation; A Sermon on Luke i. 31, preached
before the King, March 25, 1686. Lond. 4to. Reprinted in "Catholick
Sennons," Lond. 8vo. 2 vols.
Two of his sermons were printed in the Court Collection.
:2. Observations upon the Bulla Plantata, at the request of the
Pope's Nuncio.
IS.

Betts, Edward, M.D., was the son of Dr. John Betts. He
was created a Fellow of the College of Physicians by the charter
of James II., and was admitted as such at the Comitia :l\1ajora
Extraordinaria of April 12, 1687. He died April 27, 1695.
and was buried in the churchyard attached to the old church of
St. Pancras. I-lis gravestone bore the following inscription :-
Hic jacet sepultus
EDVARDUS BETTS, ::\1.D.
Collegii :\Iedicorum Londin. quondam Socius
præcIari viri J ohannis Betts, M. Doctoris,
ejusdem Collegii quondam Præsidis filius.
Ob. die :27mo mensis April. Anno Salutis
IDCXC\?
C. A. R. I. P.
.11lltlzk, Roll of ColI. of Physicians,

Betts, John, M.D., Physician-in-Ordinary to Charles 11.,
was the son of Edward Betts by Dorothy, daughter of John
Venables, of Ropeley, in Hampshire. He was born at \Vin-
chester, and educated at the collegiate school there, whence he
was elected, in 1642, a scholar of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. He took his degree of B.A. Feb. 9, 1646, but, being
ejected by the parliamentary visitors in 1648, applied himself
to physic, and accumulating his degrees, proceeded Doctor of
Medicine April I I, 1654. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians Sept. 30, [ 6 54, and a Fellow
Oct. 20, 1664.
It does not transpire whether he was a Catholic by birth orcon-
version, but it is certain that he openlymaintained his religion with
great fortitude, and was held in high esteem both by Catholics
and Protestants. Though one of the physicians-in-ordinary to
Charles II., his position in the College of Physicians would

206

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

seem to have been influenced by his religious opinions, and the
varying tendencies of the times in which he lived. He was
Censor in 167 J, and again two years later, yet in 1679 he was
excluded the college on account of his faith. He was, how-
ever, restored in 1684, and was a third time Censor in the
following year, being also named an Elect on June 25, and in
1686 Censor once more. On July I, 1689, he was returned
to the House of Lords as "a Papist," and on Oct. 25, 1692,
was threatened with the loss of his place as an Elect, if he did
not take the oath of allegiance to the king. He did not take
the oath, but was not disturbed in his position, probably on
account of his age. Dr. Betts must have died shortly before
IVlay 15, 1695, when Dr. Hulse was named as an Elect in his
place. He was buried at St. Pancras.
Dodd, CIt. Hist. J. .lI:fltlzk, Roll of the ColI. of Physicia1ls.
I. De Ortu et Naturå Sanguinis. Lond. 1669. 8\"0.
George Thompson,
I.D., reflected on this work in his book entitled" The
True 'Vay of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity," &c. Lond. 1670. 8\"0.
2. To a second edition of his" Dc Ortu," Dr. Betts added-" Medicinæ
cum Philosophia Naturali consensus." Lond. 1692. 8vo.
3. Anatomia Thomæ Parri, annum centisimum quinquagesi-
mum secundum et novem menses agentis; cum clarissimi viri
Gulielmi Harvæi, aliorumque adstantium medicorum regiorum
observationibus.

Betts, John Philip, pricst and schoolmaster, was educated
at Douay. In I 732, or the following year, he succeeded the
Rev. \Valter Fleetwood, then a secular priest, in the charge of
Twyford School, near \Vinchester, where he had been for some
time assistant. Here most of the Catholic nobility and gentry

who did not go to any of the English Colleges abroad,
received their early education. Among them were the Earl
of Fingall, the two Bishops Talbot, the Blounts of Maple-
durham, &c.
Pope was also an inmate of Twyford in 1696, and was
expelled, it is said, in consequence of writing a lampoon on
his master. Some of his verses were still to be seen scratched
on the windows in Dr. Kirk's time.
The school is said to have been founded in the reign of
J ames II., and at the time when l\Ir. Fleetwood handed it
over to l\1r. Betts, it was in a very flourishing state.
A curious old pamphlet, entitled "The Present State of

OF THE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

207

Popery in England," 1733, represents the school as then
containing upwards of one hundred scholars.
Mr. Fleetwood, on leaving, went for a short time to Paynsley,
Lord Langdale's seat in Staffordshire, and then proceeded to
Liége, where he entered the Society of Jesus, June 3 0 , 1735.
It was then, Bishop Stonor says, difficult to supply Mr. Fleet-
wood's place, and l\lr. Betts was obliged to apply to the Dean
and Chapter, who advanced him Æ200, for which he gave a
bill of sale on all his household goods and chattels, dated
Feb. 15,1734, N.S., to l\Ir. John Shepherd, the treasurer. The
house, too, was mortgaged to Mr. Holman, of \Varkworth, who
had property near \Vinchester.
Mr. Gildon, a Lisbon priest, was appointed assistant master,
who died July 26, 1736, and was succeeded by a Mr. Taverner,
who retired to Mr. Holman's house at \Varkworth, and died in
1745.
The pecuniary difficulties, however, with which l'vlr. Betts
had to contend, caused the school to languish, and the alarms
consequent on the Stuart rising of 1745 are thought to have
occasioned the close of the establishment as an act of pre-
caution.
On quitting Twyford l\Ir. Betts retired to Gray's Inn,
London, where he had the care of the Clergy Library. In
1758 he "found in an old neglected box the original instru-
ment constituting the Chapter, and produced it at the Consult
held :;\Iay I I, in that year; so that it appears," says Bishop
'Val ton, "there are two originals, one at Rome, found there by
J\Ir. Holt, who sent a copy of it to England."
l\Ir. Betts died at Gray's Inn, l\larch 28, 1770. He was a
member of the Chapter, and had the title of Archdeacon of
London and l\1iddlesex, and was held in high estimation by
both clergy and laity.
l\Ir. \Villiam Sheldon, of Gray's Inn, told Dr. Kirk that
l\lr. Betts "was a quaint queer old chap, and that he some-
times plagued him with questions."
Twyford School was probably founded at Silksteed, near
\Vinchester, as previously stated, in the reign of James II.,
and in 1692 l\Ir. \Villiam Bernard, alias Husband, was the
master.
Gillozv, Cath. Schools ill England, from tlte so-called Refor-
matioll to tlte Rcstoratioll of tlte HÙrart.-"lty ill 1850; I-(irk,

208

mBLIOGRAPHTC\.L DICTIOK ARY

Biog. Gòllectiolls, ..J.1ISS.,o Donay Diaries; Fol"y, Rccords s.].,
Collecta/lca.
J. Devotions to Jesus Christ in the Most Holy Sacrament of
the Altar; ccntaining Several Pious Exercises for honouring
this Divine Mystery, and Approaching it Worthily. Composed in
French by Dom.l\Iorel a Benedictine Monk, who died in 1731,
and in the 79th year of his age, author of several other works of
Devotion and Piety. Lond., Thos. l\1eighan, n.d., 16mo. ; title, &c., 4 ff.,
pp. 435.
Betts, Joseph, Carthusian, was the youngest son of Dr.
John Betts, and, after the death of his wife Frances, daughter
of 1\lr. Sergeant Trinder, of Berry Court, near Bentley, Hants

became a Carthusian monk.

Dodd, Ch. His!.

Bevil, J ordau, a Colonel in the Royal Army, killed at
Preston, in Lancashire, in the time of Charles I.
CastlclllaÙl, Cath. Apology.

Hew, John, D.D., was born in London, and sent at an
early age, in 1764, to Sedgley Park School, from whence he
was sent, in June, 1769, to Douay College. After one year's
philosophy he removed to St. Gregory's, at Paris, and took
the College oath in 1778. He entered his licence, Jan. I,
1784, and was created D.D. of the Sorbonne two years later.
vVhen Dr. Howard became totally unfit to conduct the
affairs of St. Gregory's, and retired in 1782, Dr. Bew acted
as procurator; and on the departure of Dr. John Rigby, in
17 8 4, who had acted as Superior but had not been appointed
President, he was the only student left in the house.
The united opinion of Bishop Talbot, of the Archbishop of
Paris, and of Dr. vVilliam Gibson, President of Douay (and at
that time Provisor of St. Gregory's, Paris), was, that the most
expeditious method of retrieving the disordered affairs of the
house wa!) to interrupt the usual course of studies for some
time, to commit the management of the revenues to Dr. Bew,
and to receive ecclesiastics into the house as boarders.
But though he wa
very particular in his choice, and did not
receive any without good recommendations, he found the latter
to be mere ceremony. Several whom he received, so far from
answering his expectations, gave him much trouble, and their

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

20 9

conduct was so contrary to the constitutions of such an
establishment, that, after fifteen months, he dismissed them all,
and lived quite alone for some time.
In 1786 Dr. Bew was formally appointed President by the
Archbishop of Paris. In August of that year, President
Gibson visited the college as Provisor, and found the debts of
the house were nearly extinguished.
Dr. Bew was, therefore, enabled again to receive students,
and resume the usual course of studies.
But the Revolution soon dissipated all his hopes and flatter-
ing expectations, and he was obliged to abandon the college.
On his arrival in England he went to reside with John
Giffard, Esq., at Rearquison, in Flintshire.
At this time it happened that the mission at Oscott was
vacant through the death of the Rev. Anthony Clough, Sept. 7,
1793. and as the house attached to this ancient mission, founded
by the Rev. Andrew Bromwich in the seventeenth century, was
far too large for the ordinary requirements of a mission, and at
one time had been tenanted as a ladies' school, it struck the
Rev. John Kirk, then President of Sedgley Park, who was
temporarily serving Oscott, that it might be utilized with
great advantage as a seminary for educating a few students for
the Church, as the breaking up of the seminaries on the Con-
tinent had induced the necessity of speedily devising some
means for continuing the supply of priests for the English
mission. Dr. Bew was therefore appointed by Bishop Bering-
ton to Oscott, and he began, in 1794, with two students pro-
fessedly for the Church.
After some additions were made to the old house, the
College of Oscott was opened, in 1796, under the presidency
of Dr. Bew, with the Rev. Thomas Potts as Vice-President, a
Douay priest sent to college by the Rev. Alban Butler, in
June, 17 6 5.
The President drew up the plan of studies, which was read
and approved at the general meeting of the clergy of the
Midland district.
Dr. Bew also received the appointment of Vicar-General to
Bishop Berington, which he held until the latter's death in
1798. The college was placed under the general government
of some of the Catholic nobility and gentry, among whom were
Lord Petre, Lord Stourton, Sir John Throckmorton, 1\1r.
VOL. I. P

210

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Hornyold, and l\1r. Bernard Howard, afterwards Duke of
Norfolk. It was not, however, very successful, and was en-
cumbered with debts amounting to about ;[600, and therefore,
in 1808, it was offered to Bishop l\1ilner, who had decided at
this time to use Sedgley Park as a place for ecclesiastical
education. The offer was accepted by Dr. Milner, who recog-
nised the great advantage of having a college entirely under
his own control and direction, which was already established
and every way convenient. Dr. Bew, therefore, withdrew from
Oscott, and the new college, dedicated to St. Mary, was opened
on the Feast of the Assumption, 1808, under the presidency of
the Rev. Thomas Potts.
Dr. Bew then went to London, and soon afterwards was
given the charge of the mission at Brighton.
Here he remained until, on the death of Bishop Douglass,
he was appointed to succeed Bishop Poynter, as President of
St. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green.
Shortly afterwards ill-health obliged him to relinquish this
distinguished position, and he retired to Havant, where he
died, Oct. 25, 182 9-
Dr. Bew's abilities and acquirements were very considerable.
During the time he was Vicar-General to Bishop Berington, he
was much esteemed and respected by his brethren who had the
happiness of his acquaintance.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, ftISS., Archicp. Archives / Hltsenbeth

His!. of Sedgley Park, Lives of Drs. J1Iibler and
Veedall.
Bickerdike, Robert, martyr, a gentleman born at Low
Hall, in Yorkshire, was executed at York for entertaining a
priest, Aug. 5, 1585. Another account states that he suffered,
as in cases of high treason, for being reconciled to the Church,
and refusing to attend the Protestant church.
One MS. gives the date of his execution as July 23, and
Challoner makes it Oct. 8.
The latter, quoting a MS. by the Rev. Ralph Fisher, says
that l\Ir. Bickerdike was born near the town of Knaresborough,
but resided in the city of York.
In his examination before the magistrate at York, charged
on account of his conscience and religion, he was asked if the
Pope, or his agent, the King of Spain, should invade England,
whether he would take the Queen's or the Pope's side. To

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

211

this IVfr. Bickerdike answered, that if S'.lch an event came to
pass, he would then do as God should enlighten him. On this
answer he was arraigned for treason at the London Hall of the
city, but the jury, being conscientious men, brought him in not
guilty. The judge, however, would not allow him to escape,
and caused his removal from the city gaol to the castle, and
there again indicted him on the same charge.
A fresh jury was empanelled} and he was found guilty of
treason, and Judge Rhodes sentenced him to be hanged, drawn,
and quartered. And thus he suffered, according to the sen-
tence, because" he would do as God should put him in mind."
Bridgwater, COllcertatz"o Ecclesiæ / Chat/oller, .Il1"e11l0irs.
Bigod, Sir Francis, a gentleman of considerable estate,
was a native of Yorkshire. He had received an academical
education, and was generally looked upon as a man endowed
with a good deal of wit and learning, which he brought to bear
on the subject of impropriations, representing the custom of
annexing benefices to monasteries to be a great abuse, and pre-
judicial, not only to the clergy, but to the Church in general.
This practice had ofte.n been deplored in previous times, but it
was too firmly rooted to be attacked. It was not any aversion
to monastic life which induced him to take up his pen against
this abuse, as his subsequent conduct proves, for when the dis.
solution of the monasteries was decreed, judging that matters
were being carried to an extreme, and that the project was a
manifest oppression of both civil and religious rights, he joined
with others in taking up arms, in 1536, in defence of wr.at they
considered the ancient rights of the subject.
I t was his fate to be made prisoner, and he was condemned
to die. He suffered at Tyburn, in June, 1537, together with
several other persons of distinction.
Dodd, Ch. His!.; Athell. OZOll.
I. A Treatise concerning Impropriations of Benefices. Lond.
1547, 4to.; again reprinted, Lond. 1571, 4to. ; and 16....6, 4to. Ant. à \Vood
says, " \Vritten after the breach which K. Henry VII I. made with the Pope,
his marriage with Anne Bolleyn, and the birth of Q. Elizabeth, as 'tis con-
jectured by circumstances. The epistle dedicated to K. Henry VII I., is
reprinted at the end of Sir Henry Spelman's work on Tithes."
2. Several works translated from the Latin into English.
The name is spelt Bigot, by Tanner, Bagot, by Strype, and Bygod, by
Ant. \Vood.

P 2

212

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Billington, William, poet, descended from a Lancashire
Catholic yeomanry family, locålly known as "the Blackburn
Poet," was the author of a number of natural effusions, not,
however, distinguished for literary merit. He died Jan. 7,
188 4.
Catk. Times, Jan. 1884.
Birch, John, a lieutenant in the army, who lost his life in
the Royal cause at Birmingham, in the time of Charles I.
Castlemaill, Calk. Apology.
Birchley, or Birkley, William, 'vide John Austin.
Bird, Francis, sculptor and engraver, was born in Picca-
dilly, in 1667, and was sent at eleven years of age to Brussels,
where he learnt the rudiments of his art from Cozins, an artist
who at one time resided in England. From Flanders Bird
proceeded to Rome, and studied under Le Gros. At nineteen,
scarcely remembering his native language, he returned home,
and worked first for Gibbons, and then for Cibber.
Subsequently he again visited Italy, and it is said that both
of these journeys were performed on foot. After his return he
set up for himself, and obtained the execution of Dr. Busby's
monument in vVestminster Abbey. The Doctor, who died in
1695, had never permitted his portrait to be taken, and Bird's
sculpture was from a cast taken after death, from which are
derived an the likenesses of that famous master.
Bird was also the sculptor of Sir Cloudesley Shovel's monu-
ment in vVestminster Abbey, the statue of Queen Anne in
front of St. Paul's, with the Conversion of St. Paul, on the
pediment, and the bas-reliefs under the portico of the cathedral.
The statue of Cardinal vVolsey, at Christ Church, and the brazen
figure of Henry VI., at Eton College, were also executed by
him. For his part of the sculpture of the magnificent monu.
ment to the Lord Viscount Mordaunt, in Fulham Church, Bird
received L 250, and the recumbent figure in his sumptuous
monument to the Duke of Newcastle, erected by his daughter
the Countess of Oxford, in \Vestminster Abbey, is, perhaps,
one of the best examples of his art. A copy of the faun by
him was sold at Lord Oxford's sale.
He resided in the parish of St. Giles, and when a raid was
made on all Catholics after the Stuart rising in 1715, Bird was

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

21 3

convicted of recusancy, and in the following year complied with
the Act of I Geo. I., by which Papists were obliged to register
their real estates, returning 1.}.is annual income from that source
at f,32.
He died in 173 I, aged 64, Considering the low state of
sculpture in England during Bird's time, and, indeed, for long
after, it is only just to say that his works have been too much
depreciated.
In I 7 I 7 he describes himself as an engraver.
lValpole, Allecdotes of PaÙztz"Jlg
. Stallle)l, Mem. of lVestm.
Abbey / Forfeited Estates, p. 62, P.R.O.
Bird, James, martyr, a young gentleman belonging to a
good family at Winchester, where he was born, was educated
in the Protestant religion, but being reconciled to the Catholic
Church, proceeded abroad, and was for some time a student in the
English College, Rheims. On his return his zeal for his religion
caused him to be apprehended. The accusations laid to his
charge were, that he had been reconciled to the Catholic
Church, and that he maintained the Pope to be, under Christ,
the Head of the Church. When brought to the bar, he
acknowledged the indictment, and was consequently sentenced
to death, as in cases of high treason. He was offered both life
and liberty if he would but once go to the Protestant church;
he chose, however, rather to die than to act against his
conscience.
vVhen his father solicited him to save his life by complying,
he modestly answered, that as he had always been obedient to
him, so would he willingly obey him in this also, if he could
do it without offending God. After enduring a long and
tedious imprisonment, he was hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Winchester, March 25,1593, aged 19.
Challoller, .Jt1emoirs; Dodd, CIt. His!.
Bird, John, D.D., Bishop, was a native of Coventry,
though of Cheshire extraction, and joined the Carmelite Order,
studying at both universiti
s. He was created D.D. in 1513,
and three years later was chosen Provincial of his Order, and
so continued three years.
In I 522 he was again made Provincial, and still held the office
at the dissolution of the religious houses. \Vhen the Papal power

21 4

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

began to decline in this country, he became a strenuous supporter
of the king's supremacy and delivered some remarkable sermons
in support of that assumption. He was one of the divines sent to
confer and argue with Bilney, one of the reformers, then in prison.
He was also one of those persons whom the king despatched
in I 535 to Catharine of Arragon, to persuade her to forbear
the use of the title of Queen. These actions procured him a
mitre, and in 1537 he was consecrated Suffragan to the Bishop
of Llandaff, taking the title of Bishop of Penrith. In 1539
he was appointed Bishop of Bangor, and in I 541 he was trans-
lated to the newly created See of Chester. He went all the
lengths of the reigns of Henry VIII, and Edward VI., both as
to politics and doctrinal matters, even so far as to take a wife.
vVhen Mary ascended the throne, he was deprived of his See
for the latter offence, March 16, 1553-4. He, however, recanted
all heretical opinions, expressed contrition as to his marriage,
and put away his wife. For some time he lived privately in
Chester, but was soon appointed Suffragan to Bishop Bonner,
and Vicar of Great Dunmow, in Essex. Strype says he resided
for some time with Bishop Bonner at Fulham. He died in
155 8 .
Dodd, Ch. Hz'st.
. Cooþer, Athe1læ Calltab.,o Strype, Memoirs
of Cranmer.
I. Lectures on St. Paul.
2. De Fide Justificante, lib. l.
3. Homeliæ eruditæ per annum.
4. Contra missam papisticam ex doctoribus.
5. Contra transubstantiationem.
6. Epicedium in quendam Edmundum Berye obdormientem
in Calisia.
7. Conciones coram Hen. VIII. contra papæ suprematum.

Bi
d, or Bere, Richard, vide John Bere.
Bird, Robert, a gentleman executed at Tyburn, Aug. 4,
1540, for refusing to acknowledge the spiritual supremacy of
Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles.
Birdsall, John Augustine, O.S.B., was born at Liver-
pool, June 27, 1775. He was first educated amongst the
Dominicans, but on Oct. 30, 1795, took the Benedictine
habit at Lambspring, and was ordained priest at Hildesheim,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

21 5

l\Iay 30, 180 I. Five years later he was sent to the mission
at Bath, which he served for nearly three and a half years,
and then quitted, in 1809, to commence a new mission at
Cheltenham, the chapel of which he opened June 3, 18 10.
Here he remained until 1834. when he began another mission
at Broadway. He was appointed President-General of his
brethren in 1826, an office which he held until his death, at
Broadway, Aug. 2, 1837.
Few men have deserved better of his order and of religion
than this apostolic man. He was the means of saving Ampleforth
at a period when the college was threatened with destruction by
the withdrawal of Dr. Baines and other eminent Benedictines.
Oliver, Collectiolls" S1l0W, Belled. Necrology.
I. Christian Reflections for every day in the month. Translated
from the French of E. F. Vernage. Cheltenham, 1822. 16mo., PP.405.
2. He left in MS. an interesting account of SSe Adrian and Denis' Abbey
at Lambspring.

Birkett, Richard, priest, of the secular clergy, was tried
and condemned at Lancaster, during the persecution raised by
the Oates Plot, in 1679-80, and died in prison a confessor of
the faith.
ChallOller, Memoirs.
Birkhead, or Birket, George, second Archpriest, was
born in the diocese of Durham about 1549, and entered Douay
College in 1575, where he was ordained priest two years later.
In 1 578, in company with Richard Haydock and several
students, he was sent from Rheims to commence the English
College erected by Gregory XIII. in the ancient English
Hospital at Rome.
Shortly afterwards, in 1580, he returned to England and
laboured very zealously on the mission. On account of his
conciliatory disposition, and the general esteem in which he was
held, he was chosen to fill the office of the deposed Archpriest
Blackwell, in 1608, and governed with great tact in times
when the Catholic body was divided by the controversies which
had arisen during his predecessor's rule. He was not, however,
able to effect much, in consequence of the fierceness of the per-
secution then prevailing. Six years aftcr his appointment, he
was called to his everlasting reward, April 6, 1614.
Though his rule was so short, it was sufficicnt to convince

216

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

him of the absolute necessity of the restoration of episcopal
government in England, and for this object he petitioned the
Pope, and he left behind him a memorial, in which he implored
the Sovereign Pontiff "that his successor might be a man
attached to the interests of the clergy, and that the jurisdiction
conferred on him might be of that more dignified and independent
character, which alone could support religion and maintain sub-
ordinaticn among its members." But Paul V. had not forgotten
the rebuff he had received from James I., and the attitude of
Blackwell and the appellant clergy, and he decided on the
appointment of another Archpriest. Upon Birkhead's death,
his assistants claimed the right of electing a new Archpriest, or
at least of nominating one to the Pope, and chose Antony
Champney for the office. Paul V., however, rejecting Champney,
referred the recommendation to the French and Flanders
Nuncios, who named \Villiam Harrison as a fit person, not only
to be made Archpriest, but also Bishop, in the event of the
restoration of the episcopacy in England.
Dodd, Cn. His!.; M aziere Brady, Epis. Success'ion / Do/tay
Diaries
. Foley, Records SJ., vol. v.

Bishop, an artist of this name resided in Liverpool about
1840, and earlier, and painted portraits exhibiting very con-
siderable merit.

Bishop, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Bishop, of Brailes,
Esq., having formed the resolution to quit the world and con-
secrate herself to God in some convent abroad, left England for
this purpose, in Sept. 1707, in the company of Winifred Elliot
and Elizabeth Hilliard, both actuated by the same spirit. To
their care were intrusted Ann Scandrele and Catherine Jeffs,
two young ladies under sixteen years of age, who were in
search of that education abroad which the penal laws deprived
them of in their native land. The former of these two was the
daughter of a clergyman of the Established Church, who had
lately embraced the Catholic faith.
On their arrival at Ostend, they were soon discovered by a
Scotch gentleman, named Douglass, who, though honourable
by name and by his commission, yet had dishonourcd both by
his misconduct. For being prisoner in France on parole, he
broke his word of honour, and repaired to Ostend in order to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

21 7

pass over to England. In his conversation also with these
young ladies, he gave himself such liberties, that he was
deservedly expelled their company.
Piqued at their reserve and resolution to see him no more,
in revenge he accused them to the Mayor of Ostet,1d, as guilty
of high treason against their country for going to France with-
out leave, in contravention of the Act of 3 \Nilliam and l\1ary,
and so far succeeded, that on the 23rd Sept. the ladies were
placed under a guard, and forbidden to quit the place. The
affair was carried to the Court of Brussels, where the Pastor
and Dean of Ostend, M gr. vVillemens, powerfully pleaded by
letters the cause of oppressed innocence. But an was in vain,
for Douglass repaired to the English Court, and by such acts
as the spirit of revenge inspires, obtained an order for their
being sent, under strong guard, to England. What was the
intention of the Queen, or her Ministry, to do with these ladies,
does not appear.
But Divine Providence disposed of them otherwise. U ndis-
mayed by their difficulties, they prepared themselves for greater
by using the liberty allowed them of frequenting the parish
church and receiving the Blessed Eucharist, to the great edifi-
cation of the people. At length, on the evening of Dec. 8,
1707, they were ordered to embark on board an English
vessel, notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather. In
less than an hour the vessel was driven back by the storm and
tide, and dashed to pieces against the western pier. All assist.
ance proved ineffectual, and of its living freight of sixty-three,
only thirteen were saved.
Miss Bishop and her virtuous companions were dashed
against the piles, and at last washed ashore, when it was found
that their legs and arms were broken, and their bodies dread-
fully bruised and lacerated.
On the loth of December, Mgr. Willemens, and a procession
of thirty virgins, conveyed their mortal remains to the parish
church, in the midst of an immense concourse of the inhabitants.
And there they were buried, says Mgr. Willemens, in one
and the same grave, "but their pure souls were gone to their
Spouse, martyrs to His faith, and conquerors of impiety."
Kirk, Biog. Collectiolls, M SSe
I. An interesting account of the wreck of the Deutschland, with Miss
Bishop and her companions, by Hendrik Van Doerme, appeared in the

2r8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Flemish periodical" Archieven bock van Rod den Heerd," Brugge, 1873,
taken from Pastor \Villemens' description in "The Accounts of the Ostend
Churchwarden's Receipt Book." Also in the Tablet, Dec. 18, 1875.
Bishop, George, divine, was a member of the ancient
family so long resident at Brailes, in \Nanvickshire, where
\Villiam Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon, was born. Dugdale, in
his " History of \Narwickshire," records the inscriptions on some
of the Bishop monuments in the church of Brailes, of which
the family were patrons.
George Bishop was probably the son of Francis Bishop, Esq.,
of Brailes, who died in 1712, aged 54, and was nephew to the
Rev. Henry Harnage. Having finished his logic at Douay
College, he went to St. Gregory's at Paris, with Mr. 1\1. Bear,
in Sept. 1 7 1 7, where both took the seminary oath in the
following January, and together entered their license.
For some time, after his return to England, he resided at
Brailes, and subsequently at Irnham, where he was in 1742-4.
On the death of Mr. Charles \Villiams, in 1750, J\fr. Bishop
succeeded to the mission at Harvington, \Vorcestershire, but
left it again in the beginning of 1752, and retired to his
ancestral home at Brailes. He died at l\larnhull, in Dorset-
shire, the seat of the Husseys, Aug. 16, 1768,
l\lr. Bishop was much respected by his brethren, was Grand
Vicar to Bishop Stonor in Oxfordshire, &c., and also a member
of the chapter, holding the title of Archdeacon of Hereford and
Salop.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. ,. Dugdale, Hisl. TVarwicks/u'rc.
I. Moral Philosophy: in which a true idea is given of our
Summum Bonum, and of all the virtues, Theological and Moral,
which are to lead us to it, as also of their opposite vices. The
Moral Philosophy of the ancient heathens is shewn to be insuffi-
cient and not of perfection enough to lead Christians to Heaven.
MS. in possession of Rev. Robert Beeston at Eastwell in 1815. The work
consists of 28 chapters.
2. Lambert's Maniere d'instruire les pauvres de la Com-
pagner. Translated into English. MS. at Longbirch in 1800. Both
works have great merit.
3. Fr. Mannock's Poor-Man's Catechism. 1752.
Published by Mr. Bishop with a Preface.
4. Fr. Mannock's Poor-Man's Controversy. MS. prepared for
publication.
Bishop, William, D.D., Bishop of Chalcedon, was
born about I 553, and was the eldest son and heir of John

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

21 9

Bishop, Esq., of Brailes, in \Varwickshire, an estate which this
ancient family held for some centuries. His mother was
Alice, daughter of John \Villington, of Barston, co. Warwick,
Esq., and his father, who was patron of the church at Brailes,
died April 3, 160 I, having lived, as the inscription on his
monument at Brailes says, "ninety-two years in good credit."
His descendants continued patrons of the living for many
generations, and their monuments in the chancel of the
church, in Dugdale's time, bore testimony to their position in
the parish.
Although a Catholic, \Villiam Bishop was sent to Oxford
in 1570, and was entered at Gloucester Hall, but after three
or four years was so dissatisfied with the tenets and religious
intolerance of the dominant party, that he determined to quit
the university and devote his life to the reclamation of the
country to the ancient faith.
Having settled his estate on his younger brother, he left his
re1ations and his country to join the noble band which had
gathered round \Villiam Allen in his recent establishment at
Douar. Here he spent some time, and then proceeded to the
English College at Rome, where he took the mission oath in
1579, being then at the age of twenty-four.
In Sept. 158 I, he left Rome for the English mission, in
company with William Smith, George Haydock, and Humphrey
Maxfield. The Douay Diary states that he was ordained
priest at Laon in l\1ay, 1583, yet another account says
he was at that time a prisoner in the l\Iarshalsea. He
was probably ordained, like his companions, before he left
Rome, and on his way called at the English College, then at
Rheims, which he left Oct. 2, I 58 I, for the English mission.
He was apprehended immediately upon his landing, and was
sent up a prisoner to London, and was committed to the l\Iar.
shalsea prison in Feb. 1582. In Jan. 1585 he was banished,
and on this occasion proceeded to Paris, where he went through
the usual course in the university, and was made Doctor of the
Sorbonne. In the meantime, however, he ventured into England,
May 15, 159 I, and served the mission for two years, returning
to Paris for his degree of D.D., and then back to the mission,
where he was a second time arrested, imprisoned, and banished.
About this time he took a prominent part in the unhappy
disputes between the clergy and Jesuits created by the appoint-

220

BIBLIOGRAI'HICAL DICTIONARY

ment of an Archpriest to govern the clergy under the super-
vision of the latter, and later was engaged in the contro-
versy with Dr. Abbot. He and Robert Charnock were
sent to Rome by the appellant clergy to remonstrate against
the mal-administration of the Archpriest Blackwell, and to
demand his recall. But on their arrival at Rome, Nov. 20,
1598, they were confined in the English College, in the
custody of Fr. Persons, by order of Cardinal Cajetan, the
Protector of England, on a charge of being the leaders of
a factious party. After three months they were released,
and were sent one to France, and the other to Lorena,
with injunctions never to return to England; but the Pontiff,
after a fresh appeal from the clergy, considerably modified his
views of the case of the appellants, and Dr. Bishop was subse-
quently restored to favour, and again proceeded to the English
mission.
On Jan. 3 I, 1602, he, with twelve other priests, offered to
Queen Elizabeth the famous Protest of Allegiance, but this did
not save him from being some years afterwa'rds committed
prisoner to the Gatehouse, where he was confined in 16 I 2.
On his release he went to France, and joined several English
priests who had founded a small community in Arras College,
Paris.
After the death of Harrison, the third and last Arch-
priest, in IVlay, 162 I, the repeated requests of the clergy,
backed by the experience expressed by the two last Arch-
priests, at length found favour at Rome, and it was decided to
restore episcopal authority in England. vVilliam Bishop was
thought to be the most suitable for this dignity, and accord-
ingly, in the month of February, 1623, he was declared Bishop
Elect of Chalcedon in Asia, Ùt þartibus ilzjidelium, his brief for
England and Scotland bearing date the 23rd of the following
month. He was consecrated June 4, 1623, and proceeded to
Douay College in the following month, which he left after five
days' stay, July 28, and landed at Dover three days later,
about twelve o'clock at night, immediately proceeding thirteen
miles on foot to the house of Sir \Villiam Roper, where he
was hospitably entertained.
He next went to London to be the guest of Lady Dormer,
and afterwards visited Lord Montague, in Sussex. Returning
to London, he lived in retirement, and used every precaution to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

221

conceal himself and to avoid irritating the Government. He
spent the following summer in administering confirmation to
the Catholics in and near London, and purposed to visit other
parts of the kingdom in the spring, but falling sick at Bishop's
Court, near London, the seat of Sir Basil Brooke, died April 16,
1624, being about 70 years of age.
Dr. Bishop behaved with such moderation that he suc-
ceeded in reconciling the clergy and Jesuits, and gained
the love and respect of all parties. Accounting himself, in
virtue of the words of his brief, a true Ordinary over the
Kingdom, he instituted a Chapter, consisting of twenty-four
Canons, with a Dean at the head. He also divided the
country into Archdeaconries, and appointed Rural Deans in
subordination to the Archdeacons. The Scotch objected
to be under English episcopal authority, and Gregory XV.,
recognising their app
al, ordered the new bishop to abstain
from acts of superiority over the Catholics in Scotland.
The authority of the Dean and Chapter of England was sub-
sequently the source of considerable dispute.
Dodd, Ch. His!. ,. .bfa:;iere Brady, Epi.'ì. Succession,. Records
S.]., Roman Diary,. Dugdale, His!. of
v arwicksltire.
I. A Reformation of a Catholicke Deformed, by M. W. Perkins;
wherein the chiefe controversies in Religion are methodically
and learnedly handled; made by D. B. P. Printed with privi-
lege, Part I. 1604. 4to.
This was in answer to the apostate Jesuit's tract, "The Reformed Catho-
licke, by \Villiam Perkins," Lond. 1599, 8vo.; and "A l\1irror of Popish
Shifts and Subtilties," by Dr. Abbot, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, Lond.
1594, 4to.; and Dr. Abbot responded with "A Defence against the Counter-
Catholicke of D. B.," Lond. 1606. 8vo.
2. The Second Part of the Reformation of a Catholicke
Deformed. 1607. 4to.
3. An Answer to Mr. Perkins's Advertisement. 1607. 4to.
4. A Reproofe of M. Doct. Abbot's Defence of the Catholicke
Deformed by M. W. Perkins. Wherein his sundry abuses of
God's sacred Word, and most manifold mangling and falsifying
the auncient Fathers sentences be plainly discovered. The
First Part. Made by W. B., P(riest) and Doct. in Divinity.
1608. 4to., pp. 287.
To this Dr. Abbot rejoined with ,. A Defence of the Reformed Catholicke
of :\Ir. \V. Perkins, against the bastard Counter-Catholicke of D. B.," Lond.
161 I. 4to. ; and ,. The True Ancient C'atholick, being an Apology against
Dr. Bishop's Reproof of the Defence of the Reformed Catholick." Lond.
1611. 4to.
5. A Disproofe of D. Abbot's Counter-proofe against D.

222

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Bishop's Reproofe of the defence of M. Perkins Reformed
Catholike. The First Part. Wherein the now Roman Church is
maintained to be the true ancient Catholike Church, and is
cleared from the unjust imputation of Donatisme. Where is also
briefly handled, whether every Christian can be saved in his
owne religion. By W. B., P. and D. in Divinity. At Paris. Printed
by Claude Morell. 1614. 4to. Title, &c., 4 leaves, pp. 423, errata I page.
A collective edition of Dr. Bishop's works was published immediately
after his death, entitled "Maister Perkins Reformed Catholique, together
with l'.1aister Robert Abbots Defence thereof, largely refuted, and the same
Refutation newly reviewed and augmented by \Villiam Bishop, Dr. of Sor-
bonne, and late Bishop of Chalcedon." Douay, 1625. 4to., pp. 840.
6. A Defence of the King's Honour, and his Title to the
Kingdom of England.
This was written at an earlier period, during the controversy about the
Oath of Allegiance, _in answer to the Conference of Father Persons, on the
Succession.
7. Several tracts concerning the Archpriest's Jurisdiction, written shortly
before his journey to Rome with l\1r. Charnock, as deputies of the appellant
clergy. Butler," Memoirs," refers to a manuscript, by Dr. Bishop, in which he
gives an account of his examination by the Archbishop of Canterbury relative
to the oath. Forty-eight Doctors of the Sorbonne, whose opinion had
been asked-if the oath could be conscientiously taken-replied in the
affirmative.
8. The Copies of certaine Discourses, which were extorted
from divers, as their friends desired them, or their adversaries
drive them to purge themselves of the most grievous crimes of
schisme, sedition, rebellion, faction, and such like, most unjustly
laid against them for not subscribing to the late authoritie at
the first sending thereof into England. In which Discourses
are also many things discovered concerning the proceedings
in this matter abroad. Roane, by the heiress of Ja. \Valker. 1601. 4to.
Though not signed, this work is generally attributed to Bishop (vide
Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. p. clvi. note), and appears under his name in cata-
logues. Besides an address to the reader, it contained two discourses on the
insufficiency of Card. Cajetan's first letter to Blackwell; the latter's letters to
Cajetan; a treatise by Champney on the same subject; a letter from Persons,
Oct. 9, 1599, to Bishop and Charnock, "two banished and consigned
priests, the one in France, the other in Lorraine, by the suggestions of
Fr. Parsons for presuming to goe to Rome in the affaires of the Catholike
Church," in defence of his conduct towards those envoys; a censure on this
letter by J. B. (vide John Bennett); Bishop's answer to the letter of Persons;
and finally a letter from :\lr. Mu. (vide John ::\lush) to Persons, dated Nov. 13,
1600. For further particulars ofthe Archpriest Controversy vide Xofer Bag-
shaw, George Blackwell, Thomas Bluet, &c.
9. An Account of the Faction and Disturbances in the Castle
of Wisbech, occasioned by Father Weston, a Jesuit. MS. in the
custody of l\Ir. Bishop, of Brailes, in the time of Dodd.
10. A Protestation of Allegiance made by thirteen Missioners

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

223

to Queen Elizabeth, Jan. 31, 1603, in which Dr. Bishop was principally
concerned; printed in Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. p. clxxxviii.
I I. Joannis Pitsei, Angli S. Theologiæ Doctoris, Liverduni in
Lotharingia, Decani, Relationum Historicarum de Rebus Anglicis.
Tomu8 Primus. Quatuor Partes. Parisiis, 1619. Thick 4to. The
running title is-De Illustribus Angliæ Scriptoribus.
This very valuable work was edited by Dr. Bishop, to which he wrote a
long and learned preface. It is largely quoted by Dodd and other histo.
rians, and is indispensable to the student of ecclesiastical history.
12. Narrative of the Life, Sickness, and Death of William
Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon. MS. Archiepiscopal Archives of \Vest-
minster. V 01. EF., No. 35, PP.97 to 102.
13. Portrait, oval, with l\1emoir, " Laity's Directory." 1810. 8vo.
He also appears in "The Jesuits or Priests, as they use to sit at Council,
in England, to further the Catholick Cause," ob. 1624, æt. 70.
Bix, Angelus, O.S.F., was chaplain to the Spanish am-
bassador at London in the reign of James II., and was a noted
preacher. After the revolution in 1688 he retired abroad, and
was confessor to the Poor Clares at Aire, in 1690, and after-
wards to the nuns of the Third Order of St. Francis estab-
lished in the ancient palace of Princenhoff at Bruges, subse-
quently returning to England, where he died early in 1695
whilst guardian of the province, at York.
Dodd, Clt. Hisl.,. Oliver, Collectiolls.
I. Sermon on Good-Friday, April 13, 1688, delivered at Somer.
set House, and published by command of Queen Mary D'Este,
Consort of King James II.
2. Other Sermons.

Blackburne, Robert, gentleman, was the son of Richard
Blackburne, of Thistleton, co. Lancaster, gent., by Perpetua,
daughter of Francis \Vestby, of l\Iyerscough, Esq.
The Blackburnes were one of the most numerous and respec-
table clans in Lancashire, and spread themselves over many
parts of the county.
John Blackhurne, of Sandholm l\lilne, in Barniker, a staunch
recusant in the days of Elizabeth, was the ancestor of the
families seated at Great Eccleston, Stockenbridge, Thi5tleton,
Scorton Hall, near Garstang, Newton, and Eccleston; and
junior branches established themselves at Bridge End and
Blackley Hurst, The Hill in Goosnargh, The Brooks in
Bleasdale, and another at Orford, Hale, and Newton; the
latter family being the only one which lost the faith, and the
only one which is now represented in the landed interest of

224

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

the county. All were loyal adherents of the Stuarts, and,
with the exception of the Orford family, suffered very heavily
for their faith, and were allied to the principal Lancashire
families.
In 1695 Robert Blackburne was apprehended on suspicion
of being a party to the Lancashire Plot of that or the preced-
ing year, and though he was never brought to trial he was
consigned to N ewgate prison, where he was immured for over
fifty-three years. His case, similarly with that of Major
Bernardi, was more than once referred to in Parliament, and
the injustice of his retention was represented by his friends,
until it may be said he outlived them all, and died an untried
prisoner within the walls of Newgate.
Gillow, Lancashire ReCltSallts, illS.,. Recllsant Rolls, P.R.O.

Blackburne, William, priest, martyr; vide Thomson.

Blackfan, John, Father S.J., alias Blackman, was a
native of Horsham, in Sussex, and was born in I 560. He
was educated at Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.A.,
and was particularly distinguished for his integrity and candour
of soul. His very remarkable conversion to the faith is narrated
by Fr. More (" Hist. Provo Angl.," lib. viii. n. 26, p. 384). He
was reconciled to the Church by an aged l\larian priest, and
then, escaping from England in I 587, went first to the English
College at Rheims and subsequently to the English College,
S.J., at Valladolid, where he entered the Society of Jesus. He
was for some time confessor at the English College, Rome,
afterwards at Valladolid, and was once the Director of the
noble Doña Luisa de Carvajal (vide her Life by Lady Fullerton
in 1873), and was the first to direct her charitable attention to
the suffering Catholics of England, accompanying her and her
suite to this country. He was arrested in 1612, and committed
by Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, to the Gatehouse prison.
After about thirteen months' detention he was sent into
banishment and retired to Brussels, where he was appointed
Vice-Prefect of the English mission, and three years later suc-
ceeded to the office of Rector of Valladolid. Subsequently he
went to Madrid and became Vice-Prefect there; then, return-
ing to England, he laboured as a missioner in various districts
until his death, Jan. 13, 164 I, aged 8 I.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

225

Dodd,Ch.Hist.; Records SJ., vol. ii. P.625, and Collectallea SJ.
I. Dodd refers to a lung contest between Fr. Blackfan and Mr. Newman

a secular priest, in relation to the English College at Lisbon.

Blackwell, George, B.D., first Archpriest of England,
was born in J\liddlesex about 1545, was admitted a scholar of
Trinity College, Oxford, l\lay 27, 1562, and became a Fellow
and Master of Arts five years later. He then removed to
Gloucester Hall, a house much suspected of Catholic tendencies.
Convinced of the errors of Protestantism, Mr. Blackwell
abandoned his Fellowship, and entered Douay College in 1574.
In the following year he was ordained priest and became
Bachelor of Divinity, and was sent to the English mission in
157 6 .
After Cardinal Allen's death, in I 594, the necessity for a
bishop in England became very apparent, and the clergy
expressed their want in supplication to Pope Clement VII!.,
and for some time were encouraged in their aspirations by
Fr. Persons, under whose inspection the English mission
had chiefly lain since the Cardinal's death. However, certain
reasons afterwards prevailed with Fr. Persons which caused
him to alter his policy, and to maintain that the times were
inopportune for the restoration of episcopal jurisdiction. A
sort of compromise was then conceived by Fr. Persons,
which received the approval of the Pope in 1598, by the
creation of an Archpriest constituted to be head of the secular
priests sent to England from the seminaries of Douay and
Rome. He was to have twelve Assistants, six of whom were
also styled his Counsellors, the Cardinal Protector to have the
nomination of six, leaving to the Archpriest the selection of
the remainder. He received certain faculties and jurisdiction,
but it is evident, both from the public and private instructions
of the Cardinal Protector, that this kind of Presbyterian Govern-
ment was designedly framed to admit of little independence
on the part of the secular clergy. J\Ir. Blackwell was selected
for this dignity, and he was inaugurated to the office by the
letter of Cajetan, the Cardinal Protector. Only a few, however,
of the clergy were in the secret of this arrangement; and there-
fore, shortly after the Archpriest's arrival in England, loud
complaints were raised by many that they had neither been
advised with, nor much less consented to, such an arrangement.
VOL. I. Q

226

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

For awhile the more resolute of the clergy refused to submit to
the new authority, taking advantage of the fact that the Arch-
priest had not obtained any brief from the Pope, and despatched
two of their number, William Bishop and Robert Charnock, as a
deputation to the Pope to demand his recall. Clement VIII.,
advised of their intention, sent them an intimation that wherever
his commands should reach them, they should stop their journey
and proceed no further. This, however, did not satisfy the
deputies, who persisted in their design of going to Rome, where
they were arrested upon their arrival, by the irritated Pope,
who kept them for three months in strict custody in the English
College.
On release they were sent one to France, and the other to
Lorena, with injunctions never to return to England. To give
greater authority to the Archpriest, the Pope confirmed his
election, by breve dated April 6, 1599, and also confirmed
that of his Assistants and the faculties conceded by the Car-
dinal Protector. But a fresh appeal was soon made by the
aggrieved clergy, and the views of Clement VIII. underwent a
considerable change when their case was more clearly repre-
sented to him; and, for the satisfaction of the appellants, he
issued two breves, one dated Aug. 17, 160 I, and another in
Oct. 160 I, in which, while confirming the authority of the
Archpriest, he reprimanded him for his intemperate conduct>
and withdrew the secret instructions he had previously received
to consult the Provincial of the Jesuits, or any of his brethren>
in the discharge of his duty.
The Queen's 1\Iinisters had noticed the origin and watched
the progress of this controversy. Their hostility to the Spanish
faction, whose plan was to place the Infanta on the English
throne on the death of Elizabeth, induced them to favour the
cause of the appellants, or dissatisfied clergy, who through the
intermediate agency of Bancroft, Bishop of London, were
indulged with the means of corresponding with each other, and
their opponents also affirmed, though the clergy indignantly
denied the charge, that they were provided with facilities for
the publication of tracts in their own defence, and with pass.
ports for the deputies whom they sent to Rome. But the
connection could not long be concealed. The zealots among
the Puritans were scandalized, and Cecil found it necessary to
furnish public proof of his orthodoxy. A proclamation was

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

227

issued in the name of Elizabeth noticing the division of the
Catholic clergy into two parties, one of the Jesuits and their
adherents, the other of the secular priests, their opponents. The
former she pronounces traitors, without any exception; the
latter, though less guilty, are disobedient and disloyal subjects.
She then complains that, in consequence of her clemency
towards bpth these classes of men, they even "adventured to
walk the streets at noon-day," and carried themselves so as to
breed a suspicion that she proposed to grant a toleration of
two religions, though God knew that she was ignorant of any
such imagination, and that not one had ever ventured to suggest
it to her. In conclusion, she commands all Jesuits, and all
priests, their adherents, to quit the kingdom within thirty days,
and all others, their opponents, within three months, under the
peril of suffering the extreme penalty of the law. This pro-
clamation, and the subsequent proceedings of the Commission
appointed for the purpose of banishing the Catholic clergymen,
though wearing the semhlance of hostility, was hailed by many
of the missionaries as the commencement of a new era; the
distinction admitted in the proclamation encouraged a hope of
further indulgence, and they resolved to deserve it by presenting
to the Queen a protestation of civil allegiance, drawn in the
most ample and satisfactory form, and yet not trenching upon
that obedience which was due to the spiritual supremacy of the
Pontiff. \Vhat influence such an address might have had cannot
be known; it never reached the hands of the dying Queen; she
was no longer in a condition to reward or punish.
\Vhen James, in 1603, succeeded to the throne, the persecu-
tion of Catholics became less severe, but after the Gunpowder
Plot, which was eagerly taken advantage of to play upon the
fears of the king to the detriment of the Catholic body, a more
stringent oath was framed, the lawfulness of which became a
question of the highest import. The missionaries were divided
in opinion, the Jesuits in general condemned it, believing in the
necessity of vigorous and decisive measures, whilst the King of
France, on the other hand, admonished the Pontiff to beware,
lest by irritating James he should give occasion to the final
extinction of the Catholic worship in England, The reigning
Pope, Paul V., smarting under the failure of the secret envoy
he had despatched to James, yielded to the clamour which the
late enactments in England had excited, and sent, through Fr.
Q2

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Holtby, the Superior of the Jesuits, a Papal breve condemning
the oath of allegiance, as unlawful to be taken, because "it
contained many things contrary to faith and salvation." Black-
well, aware of the consequences, received it with feelings of
the most profound grief, and refused to notify it officially to his
flock, looking upon it as nothing more than the private dictum
of Paul V. The Papal breve sharpened the resentment of
J ames, many Catholics were convicted of recusancy and con-
demned at the assizes in the barbarous penalties of premunire,
and three priests were sentenced to death.
The Archpriest himself was arrested near Clerkenwell,
June 24, 1607, and was committed, first to the Gatehouse, in
Westminster, and afterwards to the Clink, in Southwark. The
Papal breves, his faculties, and the instructions of Cardinal
Cajetan, were found with him. He had previously publicly
announced that the oath, notwithstanding its condemnation by
the Papal breve, might be conscientiously taken by any English
Catholic. Before the Commissioners at Lambeth he avowed
the same opinion, and at their demand he took the oath, and
by a circular informed his assistants and clergy that he had
taken it in the sense in which it had been explained by the
lawgiver, and exhorted them to follow his example. At Court
his conduct gave great satisfaction, yet so violent were the pre-
judices of the zealots that James, though he lamented the
imprisonment of the old man, dared not grant him any other
indulgence than that he should not be brought to trial on the
capital offence of having received holy orders beyond the sea.
At Rome it was contended that Blackwell's conduct called
for immediate chastisement. The Pontiff published a second
breve, dated Sept. 22, 1607: confirming the former, and con-
demning the oath for the same general reason. Cardinal
Bellarmine and Fr. Persons wrote to the Archpriest admonitory
letters in the hope of reclaiming him, but he replied by long
and laboured defences of his own opinion and conduct, and
delivered the Papal breve and the letters he had received to the
Archbishop of Canterbury, who gave them to the king, who
forthwith made a grievous complaint concerning them to the
French ambassador.
Black'Nell continued firmer than ever in his opinions, and
having appointed a deputy, or substitute, strove to maintain his
position, until his conversion being despaired of, the Pontiff

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

229

released him from his office of Archpriest, by breve dated
Feb. I, 1608, appointing George Birkhead to supply his place.
This measure, says Lingard, was productive of a deep and
Iong.continued schism in the Catholic body. The greater
number, swayed by the authority of the new Archpriest and of
the] esuit missionaries, looked upon the taking of the oath as
the denial of their religion; but, on the other hand, many,
professing to be satisfied by the arguments of Blackwell and
his advocates, cheerfully took it when it was offered, and thus
freed themselves from the severe penalties to \vhich they would
have been subject by the refusal.
The old man languished in confinement for five weary years
after his deprivation, and died in prison, Jan. 12, 161 3.
Dodd, Ch. His!. J. Lingard, His!, of Ellg. j Mazicre Brady,
Epis. S ltccessioll.
I. A Letter to Cardinal Cajetan, in favour of the English
Jesuits. 1596.
This letter, dated Jan. 10, 1596, will also be found in Dr. Bishop's
"Copies of Discourses," 1601.
2. Several Letters concerning the Appellant Clergy, dated April
1599, Feb. 21, March 2, 1600, and April 16, 1601, &c.
3. An Answer to the Censure of the Paris Divines, concerning
his Jurisdiction, dated May 29, 1600.
Blackwell's indiscreet action towards Colleton and Mush, and his defence
of Lister's Treatise of Schism, after peace had been restored by the breve of
April 6, 1599, reopened the \Visbeach controversy with still greater vigour.
The Divines of the Univ. of Paris were appealed to by the Appellant clergy,
and the decision was in their favour. This was condemned by Blackwell, in
an angry decree published May 29, 1600 (" Copies of Certain Discourses," by
Dr. Bishop, also Tierney, vol. iii. p. cxxx.),followed by a sentence of suspension
against Colleton and Mush, and on Nov. 17, following, thirty-three clergy-
men, by a regular instrument, solemnly appealed to the judgment of the
Holy See (Tierney, ibid. p. cxxxii. seq.). The whole history of the Archpriest
controversy is too long to enter into here, but the following is a catalogue of
the principal works, the full titles of which will be found under their respective
authors' names.
In reply to the Blackwell edict of May 29, 1600, the Appellant clergy issued
two books, first, " Declaratio Motuum ac Turbarum," &c., ded. to the Pope, by
John Mush, Rouen, 1601, and second, "The Copies of Certaine Discourses," &c.,
1601, by Dr. Bishop, which contained a copy of Persons' letter Oct. 9, 1599, to
Bishop and Charnock, a censure on that letter by John Bennett, Bishop's
answer to the letter, and a letter of John Mush to Persons, dated Nov. 13, 1600.
These elicited from Persons" A briefe Apologie, or Defence of the Catholike
Ecclesiasticall Hierarchie and Subordination in England," 1601, which was
immediately answered by John Colleton, in his "Just Defence," and
Humphrey Ely, in his "Brief Notes." Besides these, two other works were

230

rHBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

issued by the prisoners at \Visbeach against Persons', which he savagely
attacked in an Appendix to his Apology. The first was" The Hope of Peace,
by laying open such doubts and manifest untruths as are divulged by the
Archpriest in his letter or answer to the bookes which were published by the
Priests," Franckford, 1601, 4to. This important work, giving copies of
Blackwell's letters, &c.. is signed by J. B., apparently John Bennett, one of
the prisoners at \Visbeach. The other work, in Latin, was by Christ. Bagshaw,
" Relatio Compendiosa Turbarum quas J esuitæ Angli concivere," &c., Rouen,
1601, dedicated to the Inquisition. Bagshaw also wrote "A True Relation of the
Faction begun at \Visbeach, by Fr. Edmonds, alias \V'"eston, a Jesuite, 1595,
and continued since by Fr. \Valley, alias Garnet, the Provinciall of the Jesuits
in England, and by Fr. Parsons in Rome, with their adherents, against us the
Secular Priests," 1601, \Villiam \Vatson's intemperate works were as follows:
" A Sparing Discoverie of our English Jesuits, and of Fr. Parsons' proceed-
ings," 1601; "A Dialogue betwixt a Secular Priest and a Lay Gentleman,"
Rhemes, 1601, and "Important Considerations," 1601. This last work is
very ,.iolent, and certainly seems to confirm the charge of the Jesuits as to
its being written and printed with the connivance and assistance of the
Queen's Council. The type of this work is not the same as the other works
in this controversy, though it bears the same printers' device as "The Hope
of Peace," which comparison evidently proves it did not come from the same
block. \Vatson was executed Nov. 29, 1603, for conspiracy; he also pub-
lished his "Quodlibets" in I(jOO, and again in 1602. The two latter works
certainly appear to have been repudiated by his brethren. h An Answer to
a Letter of a Jesuited Gentleman, by his Cousin," 1601," Rationes redditæ
pro impressione librorum," &c., and two or three other works were also
written by the Appellant clergy. One of the most important works in this
controversy, however, was issued in 1601, under the initials A. P. (A Priest),
vide T. Bluet, entitled "A Reply to a Notorious Libell intituled A Briefe
Apologie," pp. 387, 4to., which gives a full insight into the controversy.
Persons replied with" A Manifestation of the Folly and bad Spirit of cer-
tain in England who call themselves Secular Priests," 1602, 4to. ; and about
this time appeared" An Answer of M. Doctor Bagshaw to certayne poyntes
of a libell called An Apologie," &c., Paris; "A Defence of the slandered
Priestes, wherein the reasons of their bearing off to receive Maister B. to their
Superiour are layed downe," &c., by J. Colleton, 1602, 4to.; and" An Answere
made to a letter of G. B.'s in commendation of the Jesuits," by A. Philolethes,
pseudo 1602, 4tù.
4. A Treatise against Lying and Dissimulation. MS, in the
Bodleian Library.
More truly ascribeu, says Dodd, to Francis Tresham.
5. Mr. George Blackwell his answeres upon sundry his
Examinations: together with his approbation and taking of the
oath of allegiance: and his letter to his assistants, and brethren,
mooving them not only to take the said oath, but to advise all
Romish Catholikes so to doe. (The summe of the Breves
specified on the Examination.) Lond. 1607. 4to.
A large Examination taken at Lambeth of M. George Black-
well upon occasion of a certaine answere of his to a letter sent
unto him from Cardinali Bellarmine, blaming him for taking

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

23 1

the oath of allegiance. With the Cardinal's letter, and Mr.
Blackwell's answere unto it, also Mr. Blackwell's letter to the
Romish Catholickes in England. Lond. 160]. 4to.
Trans. into French. Amsterdam, 1609. 8vo.
In G. Blacvellum Angliæ archipresbyterum quæstio bipartita; cujus
actio prior archipresbyreri jusjurandum de fidelitate præstitum. Altera
ejusdem juramenti assertionem, contra Cardinalis Bellarmini literas, con-
tinet. (I nterprete J. Wilsono.) Londini, 1609. 4to.
6. Letters to the English Clergy touching the oath of alle-
giance. Lond. 1607. 4to.
7. Epistolæ ad Anglos Pontificios. Lond. 1609. 4to.
8. Epistolæ ad Cardinalem Bellarminum.
Blake, Alexander, martyr, a layman, was convicted of
relieving and assisting Christopher Bales, a missionary priest,
contrary to the statute of 27 Eliz., for which he was con-
demned to die, and was executed in Gray's Inn Lane, IVlarch 4,
I 589-90.
Challoner, flfellloirs,. Dodd, Cft. His!.
Blake, James, Father S.J., alias Cross, was a native of
London, born in 1649. He entered the Society at Watten
in 1675, and in 170 I was declared Provincial.
He is referred to by Titus Oates in 1678, and was chaplain
to Mr. Mannock, at Bromley Hall, Colchester, from 1 ï20 until
his death, Jan. 29, 17 28 , aged 79.
Records SJ., Collecta/lea J. Oli'l/cr, Collecta1lea S.].
I. A Sermon [on John vi. 56J of the Blessed Sacrament, de.
livered in the Chapel of the Spanish Ambassador, on Corpus
Christi, June 3, 1686. Lond. 1686. 4to.
It was reprinted in Catholick Sermons temþ. James II. Lond. 1741. 8vo.
2 vols.

Blandy, William, born at Newbury, in Berkshire, was
some time a member of New College, Oxford, from which he
was ejected in the year 1563.
Subsequently he studied law in the Middle Temple, and
seems to have devoted a good deal of his time to literature.
The date of his death is not recorded.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Chronological Tables of the World. To which are added the
Characters of the High Priests, etc. ObI. 8vo.
2. The five Bookes of H. Osorius, contayning a Discourse of
Civill and Christian Nobilitie. Translated from Jerome Osorio
da Fonseca, Bishop of Silves. [Lond.] 1576, 4to.

23 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

3. The Castle, or Picture of Pollicy shewing forth most lively,
the face, body and partes of a commonwealth, the duety of a
perfect souldiar, the martiall feates lately done by our nation,
under the conduct of J. Noris, Generall of the Army of the States
in Friseland. Handled in manner of a Dialogue betwixt Gefferay
Gate, and William Blandy, souldiars. Black Letter, J. Daye, Lond.
1581. 4 to .
Blenkinsop, Thomas, Esq., of Helbeck, of the ancient
Westmoreland family of that name, was thrown into prison, at
Hull, for the profession of his faith, and about 1593 was
removed to York Castle,. where he remained for a length of
time, and became so grievously diseased through the infec-
tious air of his prison, that he obtained permission to be
removed to the custody of Mr. Thomas Musgrave in the city
of York, and have the help of physicians, but all in vail}, for
he died shortly afterwards.
Morris, Troubles, Third Serz"es
. Foley, Roman Diary.
Bloodworth, John, schoolmaster, was the brother of the
Rev. Thomas Bloodworth, who was born at Kimbolton. They
were sent to Sedgley Park School about 1770, from whence
the latter went to the English College at Valladolid two years
later, and returned to the mission in Derbyshire, where he
died Jan. 26, 1815. John was conducting an academy at
Bridgefield House, Wandsworth, Surrey, in 1792, but further
particulars have not been recorded.
Laity's Directory j Kirk, Bz.og. Collectz"olls, M S S:

Blount, Sir Christopher, was educated in the English
College, Rheims, under the direction of Dr. Allen.
After his return to England he became an habitué at the
Court, and his service, though a firm Catholic, was accepted
by the Queen in her wars in Spain and Ireland.
The Queen employed many Catholics during a great part of
her reign, until, alarmed by the plots and intrigues invented
to damage them by Cecil and others, and the treasonable
behaviour of some few individual Catholics, she became very
cautious in allowing any to serve in the army.
Sir Christopher, however, used such tact that his enemies
had no opportunity to call his fidelity in question.
He was a personal friend and staunch adherent of the
Queen's great favourite, the Earl of Essex, whom he followed in

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

233

his enterprises against Spain, and also in the wars in Ireland.
But his intimacy with this nobleman at last proved his ruin,
for the earl being recalled from Ireland, to justify his conduct
in that kingdom, Sir Christopher accompanied him, and was
one of the party when the earl marched through the streets
of London in a tumultuous fashion in order to overawe the
Council, upon which occasion he was taken prisoner after
receiving several wounds in defence of the earl. For this he
was tried and condemned to die, and he was executed on
Tower Hill, IVIarch 18, 1600, tqgether with Sir Charles
Danvers, who was likewise engaged in the earl's cause. He
declared before his execution all he knew of that affair; that
the earl had once formed the design of bringing over an army
from Ireland, and forcing his way to the Queen, in order to
remove his enemies from about her; that he had dissuaded
him from the project as being an illegal way of proceeding;
and though he had incurred the earfs displeasure by this
advice, which he considered had ruined his interest at Court,
he could not forsake his old friend, whose rashness had engaged
him in this last fatal enterprise.
Sir Christopher declared on the scaffold that he died a
Catholic, and it was by his persuasion that Sir John Davies
(one of the accomplices condemned to die) also desired the
assistance of a priest, though this gentleman was fortunately
reprieved and pardoned.
Dodd, CIt. His!.

Blount, Christopher, a gentleman volunteer in the Royal
army, who lost his life in defence of his Majesty Charles I. at
Edgbaston, near Birmingham, Warwickshire.
Castlc11lain, Ca!lz. Apology.
Blount, George, Esq., second son of Sir George Blount,
Bart., of Sodington, and brother to Sir vValter Kirkham
Blount, Bart., married, first, Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of
Thomond, and relict of Charles Viscount Cullen, and after her
death, without issue, secondly, Constantia, daughter of Sir
George Cary, of Tor Abbey, Knt., by whom he had a son
Edward, who succeeded his uncle, Sir Walter Kirkham Blount,
Bart., to the title and estates, and daughters Constantia, Mary,
Ann, and Elizabeth, the two latter being nuns at Cambray.

234

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Nash, Hist. of IVorcestershz're.
I. A Treatise on the right use of Moral Philosophy according
to doctrines of Christianity.
I n three books, ded. to his brother.

Blount, Lewis, a gentleman volunteer in the Royal army
in the reign of Charles I., killed at Manchester.
CastlcmaÙz, Cath. Aþology.
Blount, Teresa-Maria and Martha, the friends of Pope,
were daughters of Lister Blount, of Mapledurham, axon,
Esq., and his wife l\iartha Englefie1d.
The elder sister was born at Paris Oct. 15, 1688, and the
younger at the family seat, l\iapledurham, near Reading, June I 5,
16 9 0 .
This ancient family is said to have originated in the BIondi
or Biondi in Italy, and they from the Roman Flavii, both so
called from their fair hair. .
Sir Robert, one of the three sons of Le Blond, Lord of
Guisnes in France, came over with the Conqueror, by whom he
was created Baron of Icksworth in Suffolk. His descendant,
Sir William Le Blound, Sheriff of Rutland in I 307, was the
father of Sir \Valter and Sir Thomas Le Blound.
The eldest son, Sir Walter, married the heiress of Sir W. de
Sodington, and their son Sir John married Isolda, the heiress
of Thomas Lord Mountjoy. Sir John's grandson was created
Lord Mountjoy in 1465, a title which became extinct on the
death of Charles Blount, Lord l\iountjoy and Earl of Devon-
shire, in 1606. A junior branch of this family received a
Baronetage in 1647.
Sir Thomas Le Blound, the second son of Sir William, was
steward of the household to Edward II., and from him descend
the Blounts of Mapledurham.
Teresa and Martha Blount received the rudiments of their
education at the convent at Hammersmith, under the Superioress,
Mrs. Cornwallis. Subsequently they were sent to Paris to finish
their education in the convent situated in the Rue Boulanger,
under Mrs. Meynell and l\iiss Lyster.
After their father's death, in 17 I 0, they resided with their
mother in Bolton Street, Piccadilly, their only surviving brother,
Michael, then seventeen years of age, being at that time at
Paris for his education.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

235

The 20th of October, 17 14, the coronation of George I.,
occasiohed some pleasing verses from Pope to l\lartha, the
younger sister, who it seems neither witnessed the ceremony
nor enjoyed the rejoicings and festivities attending it. Though
these verses were addressed to l\1artha, the striking charms of
Teresa, which shone on this occasion in their brightest Justre,
had produced at this time a deeper impression on Pope's heart
than the milder attractions of the younger sister.
Pope's acquaintance with these ladies dated from his resi-
dence at Binfield in 1700, and subsequently his friendship
with the family at Mapledurham became more intimate, and he
was occasionally consulted in its affairs, in which he interested
himself, especially after the death of Mr. Blount in 17 10.
That Teresa, not Martha, was frequently the object of his
verses is proved from his published letters, and that she was
his first favourite and special object of his affections is evident
from the deed of March 10, 17 I 7, by which he binds himself
in an annuity of ;C 40 for the term of six years, to be paid to her
yearly on the 25th of l\larch, on condition that she should not
have married during that time, a condition to which she agreed.
Pope was then residing with his parents, whose old age and
habits would probably have little agreed with the taste and
inclination of a fashionable young lady. Besides, at this time,
the poet was very busily engaged in publishing a collection of
his works. To these circumstances must be ascribed the
terms of the agreement, which were evidently framed with a
view to an ultimate connubial settlement.
It is not very easy to account in a satisfactory manner for
the subsequent wavering and hesitation in Pope's affections.
It has been said that he did not find in her that complaisance
and encouragement which no doubt he expected from her;
but it may be observed that at that very time he was carrying
on a presumptuous and ridiculous courtship of the celebrated
Lady Mary Wortley l\10ntagu, a woman in the pride of beauty
and fashion, and endowed with the most brilliant accom-
plishmen ts.
Teresa, too, was soon in no less friendly intercourse and
correspondence, under the name of Zephalinda, with a swain in
the person of James Moore, afterwards James Moore Smythe,
who went by the appellation of Alexis. This accounts more
than anything else for Pope's inveterate dislike to him who had

23 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

robbed him of Teresa, as Lord Hervey afterwards did of his
idol Lady Mary.
It is observable that, notwithstanding the apparent partiality
of Teresa to J ames Moore, she strongly objected to the licentious
freedom of his letters, though quite in the style of the wits of
that age, which is clearly manifested in one of her letters. It
is not unlikely that she showed no less objection to the same
impertinent and unbecoming liberty in Pope himself.
Nevertheless, from whatever cause the alteration in their
mutual agreement may have proceeded, Pope did not break
with either of the two sisters, and his attentions to them con-
tinued ostensibly the same, until about 1725, when his
intimacy with Lady IVlary had utterly yielded to hatred and
animosity.
Then he sought refuge and more durable consolation in that
company which was more easily pleased and more disposed to
admire.
Besides good-humour, tenderness, and a mild disposition, he
found in l\iartha a congeniality of affection which better accorded
with his feelings than the disposition he had met with in her
sister, and he irrevocably set his heart on the object in which
he found such encouragement.
Martha then became the confidante of his thoughts, the depo-
sitory of his hopes and anxieties, the sharer of his joys and
sorrows, and in her, who submitted to be the object of a
sneer, the jest and ridicule of malevolence and envy on his
account, he felt that he had a friend ready to sympathize with
him either in the gratifying or untoward circumstances of his
life. All this Martha Blount was to him, and by degrees he
found her identified with his own existence. She partook
of his disappointments and pleasures, of his vexations and
comforts, always disposed to administer that consolation which
could only be expected from true friendship and sincere affec-
tion ; hence, wherever he went, his correspondence with her
was never remitted, and when the warmth of gallantry was over,
the cherished idea of kindness and regard remained.
Notwithstanding the unfavourable inferences which have
been drawn from such equivocal connection, it is but justice to
say that the IVlisses Blount appear at no time during their
intercourse with Pope to have lost a due sense, or omitted the
practical part, of their religious duties.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

237

Pope himself, in a letter to Lady Hamilton, written appa-
rently about 1730, speaks of their chaplain in town, the Rev.
Mr. Logg, as about to begin that winter and continue after-
wards doing duty at their house, and he earnestly entreats Lady
Hamilton to call on JYlrs. Blount and her daughters, with an
assurance of her being welcomed by them.
In the collection of original letters addressed to J\Iartha,
preserved at JYlapledurham, there is one dated Bath, June I 3,
1747, subscribed William Chapman, apparently the Franciscan
Father in charge of the chapel there. He expresses in the
highest terms the satisfaction he has experienced in her company
at Mrs. Edwin's, whose husband was the common friend to
Pope and Nlartha, in the affair of the AlIens, of Prior Park. "I
believe," he says, "I shall never forget that remarkable instance
of the true Catholic spirit you there displayed, and I must
frankly own that this, and indeed the whole of your behaviour
that evening) has left such tender and affectionate concern for
your eternal interest in my mind, that it has often vented itself
since in the most earnest application to Heaven in your behalf."
The rest of the letter continues in a strain of most pious and
edifying advice.
vYhat may complete the delineation and social character of
JYlartha Blount is found in a letter of condolence from Fr.
Thomas Phillips, the author of the "Life of Cardinal Pole,"
and which seems to be traced with much ingenuity and truth.
The letter is addressed to JYlartha's nephew, Michael Blount,
of J\'Iapledurham, July 19, 1763, and runs thus :-" I may truly
say the death of few persons would have been so sensible to
me as that of Mistress Blount. I had known her intimately
twenty years, and found I had reason to value in proportion as
I was acquainted with her. Her conversation was not only
entertaining, but improving in a very uncommon degree, and
though I have not enjoyed it these two years past, and when I
left London had but a slender prospect of having ever again
that advantage, yet I have often reflected with satisfaction on
the many agreeable and instructive hours I have passed in it.
It is hard to say if she was more estimable for her good sense
and universal knowledge, or for being exempt from all affecta-
tion and desire of appearing to have any other merit than
what usually falls to women in her rank."
The unpleasant and too public quarrel between l\'Iartha and

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Mr. Allen's wife, to which allusion has been already made,
originated in the former's practice and usual custom of attending
the Catholic places of worship, for which purpose Mr. Allen's
carriage was refused her when a visitor at his house. It is true,
however, that IVIr. Allen, in his public character of Mayor of
Bath that year, might have thought he could not with propriety
lend it at a time when Catholics lay under he tdire odium of
popular animosity.
But perhaps the most cutting censure inflicted on Martha is
the accusation of ingratitude and neglect of Pope in his last
illness. It must, however, be observed that she did not reside
at Twickenham; that though Pope's health had been long
declining, his death was in some degree sudden; that on the
very eve of that event he thought himself well enough to take
an airing in Bushey Park, and to entertain friends at his table.
Less censorious people will admit that the most affectionate
friends are not always the fittest to assist the dying in the
melancholy circumstance of their last moments; and those
who have lavished their censure on Martha were not perhaps
aware that a confessor-and one was in attendance on Pope-
thinks it his duty at that awful moment to keep from his
dying penitent the dangerous impressions of certain former
affections and too tender memories.
Ruffhead well observes, that the intimacy which subsisted
between Martha Blount and Pope was nothing more than a
sincere and affectionate friendship, begun in early life, and
continuing with a mutual increase of esteem and attachment
through life, and he does not hesitate to assert it to have been
innocent and pure.
lVIr. Bowles himself, who cannot be accused of too great
partiality for the !\'Iisses Blount, has yet the candour to say
that l\1artha was thirty-six years of age when Pope's affection
was irrevocably fixed upon her, an age when a woman who
has not lost all sense of honour, of religion, and regard for her-
self seldom takes a false step. And, indeed, anyone who wiII
bear in mind Pope's well-known stature, his misshapen con-
formation, and his infirmities, will give credit to Mr. Bowles
for this observation.
rope by his will of Dec. 12, 1744, disposed of his house in
Berkeley Street, Berkeley Square, in favour of Martha for her
life. At this time and some time previously the l\lisses Blount

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

239

were living in \Velbeck Street, Cavendish Square, near Oxford
Chapel, with their mother, who died :\Iarch 3 f, 1743. lVIartha
took possession of the house left her by Pope after his death
in 1744, and resided there, with her sister, for the remainder of
her life; but the deed of purchase by Pope was lost, or Miss
Blount was unable to prove that the purchase-money had
been paid, so she was obliged to find herself the
3 I 5 he had
agreed to pay for the lease, which had only twenty-six years
to run.
After a life. wearied with the vicissitudes and disappoint-
ments of this fleeting world, lVlartha Blount died, July 12, 1763,
aged 73. Teresa, her sister, died Oct. 7, 1759, aged 7 I, and
both were buried at St. Pancras.
J1I. Ie Febire, ChaplaÙt at llfapledurham, llIS.; Clifford,
His!. of Tixall, p. 2 17; JJIellloir of Pope, in Bowles' Editioll of
Pope's lVorks,o Roscoe, ditto; Ruffhead, Life of Pope.
I. CorrespondencE', l\ISS. preserved at l\Iapledurham.
2. A spirited controversy, in which the intimacy between Pope and the
Misses Blount is entered into at length, was elicited by the publication of
Bowles' edition of Pope's \Vorks, in 1807. This controversy lasted for many
years, and many pamphlets and papers were written on the subject, a list of
which will be found prefixed to an elaborate article on Pope's \V orks and
Character, in the London Quarterly Review, xxxii. 271-311.
Perhaps one of the best defences of the characters of the Misses Blount
will be found in an inquiry into the biography of Pope in the AthmCl'ulIl,
1854, 909-910, and also 1856, 1398.
Blount, Thomas, priest, confessor of the faith, was a
younger son of James Blount, Esq., and studied his humanities
at St. Orner, and from thence proceeded to the English
College, Valladolid, in Spain, but after six months' stay re-
turned to England. In 1635 he went to Lisbon, and entered
the English College there, where he completed his studies and
was ordained priest. He was sent on the mission, April 14,
1642, and after some years spent in discharge of his duties in
the most trying times, he was apprehended and committed to
the common gaol at Shrewsbury, where he died in 1647.
Chal/oller, llIemoirs.
Blount, Thomas, Esq., was born at Bardesley, in \Vor-
cestershire, and was the son of Myles Blount, of Orleton,
Herefordshire, the fifth son of Roger Blount, of Monkland, in
the same county.

24 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Without the advantage of academical training, he supplied
the defect by assiduous application and extraordinary genius.
After making himself master of the classics, he turned his
attention to the law, and entered himself at the Inner Temple.
Though called to the Bar, he was unable to practise on
account of his religion, and, retiring to his estate at Orleton,
he occupied his time almost entirely in literary pursuits. He
died at Orleton, Dec. 26, r679, of palsy, said to have been
brought on through being hurried from place to place during
the persecuting mania which succeeded Oates' plot in 1678,
his health having been already much impaired by the seden-
tary nature of his life. He was a good historian, a great lover
of books, and exhibited that general knowledge which essen-
tially shines in conversation.
Dodd, Ck. His!.
I. The Art of making Devises: treating of Hieroglyphicks,
Symboles, Emblemes, Ænigmas, Sentences, Parables, Reverses
of M edalls, Armes, Blazons, Cimiers, Cyphres, and Rebus:
translated from the French into English. Lond. 1646. 4to., pp. 68,
besides epistle and preface, and engraved title-page with devises, &c., by
\V. Marshall. This work was written in French by Henry Estienne, Lord of
Fossez, and contains many curious original illustrations, particularly in the
translator's dedicatory epistle. Another edition, 1650, 4to., "with an addition
of coronet devices both on the King and Parliament's side.'
2. The Academie of Eloquence: or, compleat English Rhe-
torick. Lond. 1654. IZIDO. Engr. title by W. Faithorne, containing
portraits of Lord Bacon and Sir Philip Sidney.
Lond. 1656, and often reprinted during the Civil \Var.
3. Glossographia: or, a Dictionary interpreting all such hard
words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English
tongue; with etymologies, definitions, and historical observa-
tions on the same. Lond. 1656, 8vo.; Second Edit. Lond. 1661, 8vo.;
Third Edit. 1670, 8vo.; 1671; Fourth Edit., with many additions, the
Savoy, 1674; 1679; 1681, Fifth Edit., with terms of Divinity, Law, and
other Arts and Sciences, Lond. 8vo. ; 16 9 1 ; 17 0 7; 1719,8vo.
4. The Lamps of the Law, and Lights of the Gospel; or, the
titles of some late spiritual, polemical, and metaphysical new
Books. Lond.1658. 8vo. Published under the pseudonym of" Grass and
Hay \Vithers."
5. Boscobel; or, the History of His Majesties most miraculous
preservation after the battle of Worcester, 3 Sept. 1651. Lond.
1660. 8vo; Second Edit. 1666.
A notice of this work and its various editions will be found in the Retro-
sþective Review, xiv. 47-68. The Third Edit., with additions, was printed
in 1680, shortly before the issue of the second part. The Fourth Edit.,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

24 1

edited by C. Jackson, Edinburgh, 1709, 12mo.; Doncaster, 1809, 8vo., with
portrait of Charles II.; London, pro Wellington, Salop, 1822, 12mo., with
portrait of Charles II.
6. Booker, rebuked: or Animadversions on Booker's AI-
manack.
This was against John Booker's" Bloody Almanack, to which England is
directed to foreknow what shall come to passe." Lond. 1.643, 4to. Booker
also published" The Bloody Irish Almanack," Lond. 1646, 4to., which con.
tains some memorable particulars relative to the war in Ireland, and is the
only work of Booker worth the reader's notice.
7. A Catholick Almanack, 1661, 1662, 1663, &c.
8. A Pedigree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's "Com?lete
Gentleman," 1661.
The Blounts of Orleton, of Blount Hall in Staffordshire, and Tittenhanger
in Hertfordshire, are derived from the Blounts of Sodington in \Vorcester.
shire.
9. A Collection of Statutes concerning Bankrupts, with the
Resolutions of the Judges upon the same. Lond. 1670. 8vo.
10. NOf1o-AE
LKOV: A Law.Dictionary, interpreting such difficult
and obscure words and terms, as are found either in our Common
or Statute, Ancient or Modern Lawes. In the Savoy, 1670, fol.;
Lond. 1691, fol.
A Law-Dictionary and Glossary, &c. Third Edit. "To which are
added above 2200 words, likewise an explanation of all the ancient names of
inhabitants, and cities, of Great Britain," by "V. Nelson [Lond.] 1717, fol.
Best Edition.
II. Animadversions on Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle. Oxford,
167 2 ,8vo. This was elicited by the Fifth Edition of the Chronicles published
in 1670.
12. A World of Errors discovered in the new World of Words,
or a general English Dictionary and Nomothetes, or the Inter-
preter of Law Words and Terms. Lond. 1673, fo1. Against
Edward Phillips's work, first published in 1658, a fourth edition of which
appeared in 1671.
13. Animadversions on R. Blome's Britannia (1673). MS.
Blome's work, published in 1673, was merely plagiarized from Camden and
Speed.
14. Fragmenta Antiquitatis; or, Ancient Tenures of Land, and
Jocular Customs of some Mannors. Lond. 1679. 8vo.
New edition with alterations, additions, English translations, and two
indices, to which are added explanatory notes, and an index of obsolete and
difficult words. By J. Beckwith. York, 1784. 8vo.
Enlarged by Josiah Beckwith, with considerable additions by H. M.
Beckwith. Lond. 1815. 4to.
A new edition, re-arranged, corrected and enlarged by \V. E. Hazlitt.
Lond. 1874. 8vo.
IS. Boscobel. The Second Part, with the addition of Claus-
trum regale reseratum, or the King's Concealment at Trent in
VOL. 1. R

242

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Somersetshire. Published by Mrs. Anne Windham of Trent.
Lond. 1681. 8vo. Lond. with Supplement to the whole, 1725. 12mo.
The two tracts entitled Boscobel, with the plates, are among the most
scarce and high-priced pamphlets of the 17th century.
16. A Chronicle of England, MS. opus imperfectum, in which he
was assisted by John Belson, Esq., and others.
17. A History of Herefordshire, 2 vols. folio, MS., part of which
was formerly at Orleton.
18. The "Catalogue of those Catholicks that died and suffered for theire
loyalty," published at the end of Lord Castlemain's " Catholique Apology," was
drawn up by Blount, and some additions were made by two of the Misses
Blount, nuns at Paris, and printed in his lordship's Reply to the Answer of
the" Catholique Apology" in 1668.

Blount, Sir Walter Kirkham, Bart., of Sodington,
co. vV orcester, was the eldest son of Sir George Blount, Bart.,
by Mary, daughter and heiress of Richard Kirkham, of Blagden,
co. Devon, Esq., son and heir of Sir William Kirkham, Knt.,
of the same. He was twice married, first, to Alice, daughter
of Sir Thomas Strickland, of Thornton Brigg, co. York, Knt. ;
and secondly, to Mary, daughter of Sir Cæsar Cranmer, of
Astwood, co. Bucks, Knt.
He ùied without issue at Ghent, May 12, 17 I 7, where he
had probably gone to avoid the persecution of Catholics, which
was renewed with extreme vigour after the Stuart rising in
1715. He was succeeded by his nephew, Sir Edward Blount,
fourth Bart. The family was always staunch in its support of
the Stuarts, and Sir \Valter, the first Baronet, was a great
sufferer for Charles I., being imprisoned first at Oxford and
then in the Tower of London.
Kirk, Biog. Collectimzs, lI-fSS.; Baronetage.
I. The Holy Ideot's Contemplations on Divine Love, rendered
into English by W. K. B., of Sodington, 1669.
Ded. to his sister, Mrs. Anne Blount. This is a translation of Gertrude
More's work in Latin, and is different from that of Fr. David Aug. Baker,
O.S.B.
2. The Compleat Office of the Holy Week according to the
Missall and Roman Breviary, em'icht with many figures. Paris,
167 0 sm. 8vo.; 7 plates engraved by W. Hollar. Ded. to ".l\Iy most
Hon
ured dear Mother the Lady M. B., by \V. K. B." A translation from
the French.
The Second Edition, With Notes and Explications. Lond. 1687,
8vo., with plates by Hollar i title, 1 leaf; ded. to the Queen, 2 leaves; Office,
pp. 3 2 7; Palm Sunday, pp. 1-167. Frequently reprinted.
The translation of this work was begun by his father, Sir George Blount,
and finished by himself.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

243

3. The Spirit of Christianity. Lond. Henry Hills, 1686, 12mo.
Ded. to the King, pp. 4; contents, pp. 2; errata, p. I ; unpaginated, pp. 13 2 .
Bluet, Thomas, divine, was for long a minister of the
Church of England in the diocese of Exeter, but becoming a
Catholic, passed over to Douay, and was admitted into the
English College, March 19, 1577. Here he was ordained
priest Feb. 23, I 578, and was sent to the mission in England.
He was apprehended in London, in that or the following year,
and being brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury, or
the Bishop of London, boldly professed his faith, and so
evidently confuted the ministers by whom he was examineù,
that the Bishop, on learning that f\ir. Bluet had formerly been
a Protestant minister, broke out into the following speech:
"I have hard many tymes objected agaynste us that our
ministers be unlerned; but by Sent l\1:ary we have now
hapned one a minister w th home for his lerninge, I be shrue
hime we be alof us mucb incumbred."
After being confined in a vile cell in London, Mr. Bluet
was sent to the other priests imprisoned in \Visbeach Castle.
During the lamentable quarrel between the Seculars and
Jesuits in connection with the appointment and jurisdiction of
the Archpriest Blackwel], which commenced in the prison at
\Visbeach, Mr. Bluet was a very active and warm supporter
of the appellant clergy; and he was accused by the Jesuits
with holding a secret correspondence with Bancroft, the Bishop
of London, and the Government, who it was said assisted the
appellants with the means of prosecuting their cause in order
to create a schism in the Catholic party. The charges
against Bluet were so represented at Rome, to the prejudice of
the whole body of clergy, who, notwithstanding, held him in
great respect for his learning and experience. Towards the
end of June, 1601, Bluet was secretly introduced to some of
the members of the Privy Council, and, by their means, was
admitted to the presence of the Queen. Of the conference
which ensued the result only appears. It was determined
that Bagshaw, Champney, Barnaby, with Bluet himself, all of
whom were under restraint, should be forthwith discharged,
and should be permitted to visit their friends, for the purpose
of collecting money, and that, as soon as their preparations
should be complete, they should receive passports, which,
under the pretence of banishment, would enable them to
R2

244

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

leave the country, and proceed to Rome to prosecute their
appeal to the Pope. Ultimately the deputation, consisting
of Bagshaw. Cecil, Mush, Champney, and Bluet, arrived in
Paris, and, leaving Bagshaw to watch the interests of their
party, resumed their journey to Rome, where they arrived
Feb. 16, 1602. In their solicitation for the appointment of
Bishops, the deputies were foiled by the superior address of
their opponents; but in their complaints against the adminis-
tration of Blackwell, and in their efforts to vindicate themselves
before the Pontiff, they were more successful. A breve was
issued on the 5th of October, condemning the conduct of the
Archpriest, and justifying the Appellants from the charges of
schism and rebellion, which had been urged against them.
Thus terminated for the time being this unhappy contest.
l\lr. Bluet returned to the mission in England, where he
laboured many years with great zeal.
Douay Diaries; Dodd, C/z. Hz'st.
. Tierney, Dodd's C/z. Hist.,
vol. iii.; A. P., Reply to a Notorious Libell.
I. A Reply to a Notorious Libell intituled A Briefe Apologie
or Defence of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchie, &c. Wherein suffi.
cient matter is discovered to give all men satisfaction, who had
both their cares to the question in controversie betweene the
Jesuites and their adherents on the one part, and the Secular
Priests defamed by them on the other part. Whereunto is also
adjoyned an answere to the Appendix. 1603. s.l. 4to.
The Preface is signed by A. P., i.e., A Priest, and though it is not cer-
tain that Bluet was the author, there is strong internal evidence, and it is
known that he was engaged in this controversy. From some statements in
this book it is clear that it was written in 1602, in all likelihood before Bluet
went to Rome. It is one of the most important works in the Archpriest
controversy, vide Xofer Bagshaw, John Bennett, Will. Bishop, Geo.
Blackwell, Jno. Charnock, Ant. Champney, \V. Clark, Jno. Mush, Rob.
Persons, \Vill \Vatson, &c.

Blundell, Henry, Esq., was born in 1724, and was the
son and heir of Robert Blundell, of Ince-Blundell, co. Lan-
caster, Esq., by Katharine, daughter of Sir Rowland Stanley,
of Hooton, co. Chester, Bart. In 1760 he succeeded his
father to very extensive estates. He was an indefatigable
collector of works of art and a generous patron of literature,
and spent a considerable time abroad in forming the collection
of sculptures and paintings which still embellish Ince-Blundell.
Dr. Oliver says that he was assisted in his purchases by Fr.
] ohn Thorpe, S.]., then residing in Rome. The result is not

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

245

altogether satisfactory, and the collection is perhaps more
abundant than select. The two volumes of engravings and
etchings of the sculptural works, with descriptive letterpress,
were made under the superintendence of Mr. Blundell.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Mostyn, of
Talacre, co. Flint, Bart., and had a son, Charles Robert, and two
daughters, Katherine and Elizabeth, who married respectively,
Thomas Stonor, of Stonor, co. Oxford, Esq. (father of Lord
Camoys), and Stephen Tempest, of Broughton, co. York, Esq.
(father of Sir Charles Robert Tempest, Bart.). Mr. Blundell
died Aug. 28, 1810, and owing to an unfortunate estrange-
ment between himself and his only son, who was never married,
he devised the extensive Lostock estates, originally inherited
from the Andertons, to his two daughters, and accordingly only
the smaller property of Ince-Blundell descended to his son.
The latter devised Ince-Blundell to a younger son of the Welds
of Lulworth Castle, co. Dorset, a kinsman on his mother's side,
who eventually took possession of the estate, and assumed
the name of \Veld-Blundell, after the death of the last male
descendant of the ancient race of Blundell of Ince-Blundell,
Oct. 2 7, I 8 3 7.
Gibson, Lydiate Hall.
I. Account of the Statues, Busts, Bas-reliefs, Cinerary Urns,
and Paintings at Ince. Liverpool, 1803. 4to.
Privately printed, front. and six plates. A very limited number were
printed by Mr. Blundell, who afterwards used every means to suppress the
publication.
2. Engravings and Etchings of the Principal Statues, Busts,
Bas-reliefs, Sepulchral Monuments, Cinerary Urns, &c., in the
Collection of Henry Blundell, Esq., at Ince. 1809. Imp. fol., pp. 158.
Also privately printed, 50 copies being struck off for presents.
It is sometimes bound in 2 vols., vol. i. 77 plates, vol. ii. 81 plates.
3. Lydiate Hall and its Associations. In two Parts, Antiqua-
rian and Religious. By the Rev. Thomas Ellison Gibson, Priest
of Our Lady's Church, Lydiate, Printed for the Author (Ballan-
tyne). 1876, 4to., pp. xliv.-333, illus. with a plan and photos. This very
valuable work, besides giving a history of the Blundells of I nee-Blundell,
the Andertons of Lostock, the Irelands of Lydiate, and other families con-
nected with Lydiate, contains much matter of interest to the Lancashire
antiquary.
4. Blundell Bequest-Statement by the R. R. Dr. Walsh,
8vo., privately printed, 1841.
Blundell, Nicholas, Father S.J., was the eldest son of
William Blundell, Esq., of Crosby, and his wife Ann, daughter

24 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

of Sir Thoma" Haggerston, of Haggerston Castle, co. Northum-
berland, Bart., and was born at Crosby Hall, Lancashire, in
1640. He entered the Society in 1662-3, and, in 1670, was
chaplain to the English regiment commanded by Lord Castle-
haven in the Low Countries. Most of his short career was
spent at St. Omer's College, until his death there, Dec. 20,
1680, aged 40.
He brought over a number of the scholars from St. Omer's
College to London, to give evidence to prove the perjury of
Titus Oates on the trial of the five martyred Fathers in 1679,
and was arrested by Oates and committed to prison. Soon
afterwards he was liberated, and was present at the trial, and
wrote an account of it, which is embodied in his letter
to Dame Catherine Hall, a nun, O.S.B., of Cambray. He is
entered in Oates' list of Jesuits, and is named in his monstrous
narrative.
Foley, Records S J., Collecta1lea.
I. Blundel the Jesuit's letter of intelligence to his friends the
Jesuits at Cambray, taken about him when he was apprehended
June 23, 1679. (Land.) 1679' S.sh. fo1.
This was the letter to Dame Catherine Hall, a.S.B., a nun at Cambray.
2. An Answer to Blundell the Jesuit's letter; that was taken
about him at Lambeth, on June 23, directed to the Jesuits at
Cambray, etc. 1679. S.sh. fat
3. A Narrative of the apprehending of the arch.Jesuite Blundel.
(Land.) 1679. Fo1.
Blundell, Nicholas, Esq., of Crosby, born in 1669, was
the son of William Blundell, Esq., by Mary, daughter of
Rowland Eyre, of Hassop, co. Derby, Esq., and succeeded to
the estate on the death of his father in 1702. He married the
Hon. Frances, daughter of Marmaduke, third Baron Langdale,
of Holme, in Yorkshire.
He died April 2 I, 1737, and was the last in the male line
of his ancient race. His daughter Frances married Henry
Peppard, whose son assumed the additional surname of Blundell,
from whom the present possessor of Crosby descends.
He had not the ability of his grandfather, the Cavalier, but
was a popular country squire, entering with zest into such
amusements and social enjoyments as were within his reach.
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author.
I. Diary, 1702 to 1728. 3 fa!, vols. MS., carefully kept, without the
omission of a single day. The Rev. T. E. Gibson has at present these

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

247

volumes in hand, and intends to publish in one vol., corresponding to "A
Cavalier's Note-Book," such entries as may appear to be of general or local
interest.
2. A Book of Anecdotes, MS., some of which are well worth pre-
serving.
3. Letters, preserved at Crosby.

Blundell, Richard, Esq., confessor of the faith, of
Crosby Hall, co. Lancaster, was the son of Henry Blundell,
Esq., by Anne, daughter of Sir William Leyland, of Morleys,
Knt., and was born in 1536. He married Anne, daughter of
Richard Starkey, of Stretton, co. Cheshire, and suffered much
for his adherence to the faith.
Ultimately he was indicted for entertaining Woodroffe, a
seminary priest, and being convicted was imprisoned in Lan-
caster Castle. The original indictment is still preserved at
Crosby Hall, as also a letter from prison, written by Mr. Blundell
to his wife, in which he speaks of the death of Mr. Worthington,
of Blainscow, a fellow-sufferer for religion.
He died in the same prison March 19, 1591-2.
Rev. T. E. Gibso1Z, Letter to the Author.

Blundell, Thomas, Father S.J., was born April 25,
1648, and was the third son of William Blundell, the
Cavalier, of Crosby. He entered the Society at Watten in
1667, and was ordained priest in 1679. lVlost of his life was
spent in teaching philosophy in the Jesuit Colleges on the
Continent.
In 1692 he was sent to the mission to succeed to the chap-
laincy at Lytham Hall, Lancashire, vacant by the death of
Fr. Stephenson.
Here he remained until his death, May 27, 1702, aged 54,
and his remains were removed to Harkirke Cemetery, Little
Crosby, where they were interred two days later.
The entry in the register states that he was a learned man,
religious, and of good life.
Foley, Records SJ., Collectanea
. Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter
to the Author
. De Backer.
I. Conclusiones Physicæ. Has conclusiones Præside R. P.
Thoma Blundello, S.J., Philosophiæ Professore, Defendet
Joannes Franciscus Jaer Leodius. In Coli. Angl. S.J. Leodii,
Anno 1682. Fol.

24 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

2. De Backer refers to a cahier course of Philosophy by Fr. Blundell,
MS. 4to., pp. 112, in the possession of M. Leroy, Prof. at the University at
Liége.

Blundell, William, Esq., of Crosby, eldest son and heir
of Richard Blundell, Esq., and his wife Anne Starkey, was born
in Aug. I 560, and in I 590 was imprisoned in Lancaster
Castle, along with his father, on account of his recusancy. He
would never make the least show of conformity, and in con-
sequence underwent five years' imprisonment for the faith,
and after his release was frequently obliged to seek safety by flight.
His wife also was confined for a long period in Chester
Castle, and was at last released through the intervention of
Sir Richard Molyneux and the Rev. John Nutter, parson of
Sefton, the "golden ass". of Queen Elizabeth.
In I 6 I I, Mr. Blundell, finding that his Catholic tenants
were denied burial at the parish church of Sefton, formed a
burial-ground on his own property, at a spot called Harkirke,
where tradition said a church had formerly stood. This was
made a matter of accusation afterwards, when on occasion of
his tenants resisting the sheriff's officers the case was brought
before the Star Chamber, and a fine of ;{; 2,000 inflicted on
Mr. Blundell, besides costs and damages. The register of
burials at Harkirke is preserved at the Hall, and is in the
handwriting of Mr. Blundell and his successor. One hundred
and six laymen and twenty-five priests have been interred
within its precincts. A cross erected by the present squire
marks the site, which is now within the park walls.
His grandson, William Blundell, the Cavalier, calls him a
virtuous and learned man, and says that, notwithstanding the
spoiling of his goods and many exactions on account of
religion, God so prospered him that he brought up a large
family in comfortable circumstances, and left each of them a
living.
This confessor of the faith died July 2, 1638, having married
Emelia, daughter of Edward Norris, of Speke, Esq., who pre-
deceased him June. 2, 163 I.
His brother Richard was reported, in Oct. 1592, to be the
chaplain to Mrs. Hoghton at Lea Hall, and was there some
years.
He was succeeded by his son Nicholas, who, walking in the
steps of his father, appears annually in the Recusant Rolls.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

249

Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to tlte Autltor, Cavaliers Note-
Book / Dom. Elz":;., vol. ccxliii., No. 52; Gillozu, Lancasltire
RCCllSallts, MS.
I. A MS. vol. at Crosby, several controversial pieces, and some poetry,
chiefly of a religious character.
2. The Register of Burials at Harkirke, MS., in which are some very
interesting notes both by himself and his son \Villiam.
Blundell, William, the "Cavalier," was the eldest son
and heir of Nicholas Blundell, of Crosby, Esq., by Jane,
daughter of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh Hall, co. Lancaster,
Esq., and was born in 1620.
His father died in 163 I, leaving him the succession to the
estate, and at the age of fifteen he was married to Anne,
daughter of Sir Thomas Haggerston, of Haggerston, co.
Northumberland, Bart.
From his own account he led for a time a gay and extrava-
gant life, but was recalled to a sense of his duty by an accident
for which he was ever after grateful to God. Having at the
outset of the Civil \Var accepted a captain's commission in the
troop of Sir Thomas Tyldesley, before he had collected his
quota, he accompanied the Earl of Derby on his mårch against
Lancaster, and there, on March 18, 1642, had his thigh
shattered by a musket-shot.
This wound rendered him a cripple for life, and he was
henceforth obliged to confine himself to the care of his pro.
perty, which needed all his attention, as it was constantly
exposed to exactions. In common with the estates of other
"delinquents" it was seized, confiscated to the Commissioners,
and finally sold by auction, when it was purchased by two
Protestant friends acting on Mr. Blundell's behalf.
On the landing of Charles II., in 1660, 1ir. Blundell went
with other loyal subjects to meet the king, but was disappointed
in the hopes which he shared with other Catholics of obtaining
some relief from their oppressed condition. In 1679 he lost a
great friend in Mr. Langhorne, a lawyer, who was put to death
for the infamous Titus Oates plot, and his eldest son, Fr.
Nicholas Blundell, S.]., a mild and inoffensive man, was
accused of being engaged in a plot to set fire to the city of
London.
After suffering at various times five imprisonments, he was
again arraigned in his old age for participation in the sham

2_50

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Lancashire plot of 1694, and after acquittal he was suffered to
remain unmolested at Crosby Hall, where he peaceably expired,
May 24, 1698, and was interred at Sefton Church, where many
generations of the family repose. He was succeeded by his
second son, William Blundell.
Mr. Blundell was an able man, and though he had not had
much early education, cultivated literature assiduously through
life. Notwithstanding his lameness he travelled about a great
deal, and went abroad several times. Wherever he went he
found something to notice and to record. Amongst his corre.
spondents was Roger L'Estrange, the well-known political
writer. From some passages in his Note-Book it would seem
that he occasionally contributed items of news for the 1Veekly
bztelligencer, published twice a week.
Rev. T. E. Gibson, Letter to the Author, and Crosby Records.
I. Crosby Records. A Cavalier's Note.Book, being notes,
anecdotes, and observations of William Blundell of Crosby,
Lancashire, Esq., Capt. of Dragoons under Major-Gen. Sir
Thomas Tildesley, Knt" in the Royalist Army of 1642. Edited,
with introductory chapters, by the Rev. T. Ellison Gibson. Lond.
1880, sm. 4tO., pp. viii.-312, extracted from some Common Place-books at
Crosby.
2. A History of the Isle of Man, 1648-1656. Printed from a
manuscript, edited by W. Harrison. Manx Society, vols. xxv., xxvii.,
I859,8vo.
3. A Short Treatise on the Penal Laws. Lond, sm. 4to., pp. 85. A
copy of which is at Crosby.
4. Correspondence. Several vols. MSS. at Crosby. His letters are
well written, but are chiefly of a local character.

Blundeston, Nicholas, Esq., of Hexgrave, in the parish
of Farnesfield, co. Nottingham, married, about 159 I, Margaret,
daughter of Richard Wiseman, of Flingrige, co. Essex, Esq.,
sister of Sir W. Wiseman, of Broadoaks, Essex. In the reign
of Elizabeth Mr. Blundeston's affairs seem to have been in
great confusion, and William Cecil, the Lord Treasurer, acting
in some capacity which has not been explained, sold nearly all
the Blundeston estates, buying the greater portion himself, on
condition that his son and heir should free Mr. Blundeston from
his difficulties. After the death of Cecil, the sold estates fell
into the possession of the Crown. l\Ir. Blundeston demanded
restitution of the Earl of Exeter, the son and heir of the Lord
Treasurer, but was refused, and in consequence went to law,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

251

and the result of a long struggle was but to recover a small
part of the money expended in the several actions.
In the meantime, both Mr. Blundeston and his wife were
reconciled to the Church, which was partly the reason why he
recovered so little, another reason being the potency of his
adversary, and he soon found himself in prison, where he was
detained three years. He had two brothers Catholics, who
were likewise imprisoned for their faith, and other members of
bis family suffered in the same cause. He was a second time
imprisoned on account of a book he wrote and published,
proving that the oath of supremacy and allegiance was illegal,
and could not by right itself be taken by anyone. His pro.
perty was likewise confiscated for refusing to take this oath,
and he was still in prison in 16 14. He had seven sons, two
of whom at least were priests.
Lawrence, the eldest, who assumed the name of Chone, was
in his early years brought up a Protestant, but was reconciled
by the Rev. Oswald Needham, and whilst still a youth was
imprisoned for attending at Mass. He entered the English
College, Rome, Oct. 4, 16 I 4, at the age of twenty-two, where
he was ordained priest, March 25, 1620, and left for the English
mission in the following October.
Another son, Daniel, used the alias of Robert Campion
while abroad, and was first sent to the Jesuit College at St.
Omer ; but from thence, in 16 I 6, proceeded to the English
College, Valladolid, in Spain, where he studied philosophy and
divinity. He then became Professor of Humanities at Douay
College, but his desire to improve himself in divinity induced
him to leave Douay for Paris, Dec. 2, 1623, and he joined his
learned countrymen at Arras College, where he proceeded in
degrees and was created D.D. Returning to Douay he took
the Chair of Divinity, which he retained until he was invited by
the monks of the monastery of Hennin, near Douay, to read
lectures in divinity to the novices of that community. Things
not turning out according to his expectations, he returned to
Douay College and was sent to the English mission, May 15,
1628. On landing at Dover, he was seized and committed to
prison for refusing to take the oath of supremacy, but after a
short confinement he was discharged. He spent most of the
remainder of his days in the north of England, where he was
held in high esteem by his brethren.

25 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Dodd, Ck. Hisl.
. Foley, Records Sf., vol. i.; D02tay Diarz'cs,
I. A Treatise proving the Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance to be
illegal, and that it cannot by right itself be taken by anyone.

Blyth, Francis, S. T.F., a Discalced Carmelite, was
educated in the Protestant principles of his parents. Occa-
sionally, however, he felt dissatisfied with the practice of the
Established Church, and sometimes mentioned his scruples to
the parson of his parish. On one occasion, observing the
manner in which he administered baptism, he took the liberty
of expostulating with him, and expressed his apprehension that
the child had not been duly baptised; to which the clergyman
answered that he had better become a Papist at once. From
this time Mr. Blyth redoubled his inquiries, and these ended in
his becoming a Catholic.
Soon after he entered among the English Carmes, who had
a house at Tongres, and became a noted preacher. He was
also Professor of Divinity there, and was Provincial of his Order
during the time that Bishop Stonor lodged complaints at Rome
against Fr. Gordon, a Carme, who lived at Longford, near
Newport, Salop, the seat of one of the Talbots, which, with so
many other complaints against Fr. Holls, O.S.F., led to the
Brief of Benedict XIV., addressed to the Vicars-Apostolic,
under date May 30, 1753, by which the Rules of the English
Mission were laid down, the jurisdiction of the Vicars.Apos-
tolic confirmed, and the privileges of the Religious carefully
defined.
The chapel at the Portuguese Embassy in London seems to
have been the scene of most, if not all, of Fr. Blyth's missionary
life. Here he died, Dec. 3 I, 1772, aged 66, and was buried
in the cemetery of St. Pancras, where a memorial was raised to
his memory.
He was a man of great literary attainments, and author of
many estimable spiritual treatises. He was engaged, in con-
junction with Bishop Challoner, in publishing a new and fine
edition of the Rheims Testament, and was also the author of a
paraphrase on the seven penitential psalms.
Fr. Blyth was a near relative of his namesake, Francis Blyth,
the printer and part proprietor of the Public Ledger, a daily
morning paper, and the London Packet, an evening paper pub.
lished three times a week, which were supported by the produc-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

253

tions of Goldsmith, Kelly, and other literary men. The printer
died in I 787.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. J. Bar1zard, Life of Challoner;
Cotton, Rheims and Douay Testaments J. Timperley, Typo. Dict. J.
Cansz'ck, EPitaPhs of St. Pancras.
I. The Rheims Testament, with Annotations and Proofs of the
Doctrines of the Catholic Church taken from the writings of the
Holy Fathers, and a copious index to point out those proofs in
every matter of controversy. Lond. 1738, fol. Edited in conjunction
with Bishop Challoner.
2. A devout Paraphrase on the Seven Penitential Psalms; or,
A Practical Guide to Repentance, 1741, s.l. 8vo.; 2nd Edit. 1742,
8vo.; 7th Edit. 1751 ; 1873,16mo.
3. Eternal Misery the necessary consequence of infinite
mercy abused. A Sermon (on Ps.lx.ii. 12). To which is prefixed
a preface containing a full answer to Mr. Whiston's late Treatise
against the eternity of hell torments. Lond. 2nd Edit. 1742,8vo.
In reply to \Villiam \Vhiston's "Eternity of Hell Torments considered,"
Lond. 1740. 8vo.
4. Sermons for every Sunday in the Year. Lond. 1742-3,
4 vols. 8vo. Dublin, 1763, 2 vols. 4to., with an Appendix containing some
Avulse Sennons.
5. Explanation of the Respect paid to the Holy Cross; or,
"Explanation of the Adoration of the Holy Cross." Several times
reprinted.
6. Caution against Prejudices in Matters of Devotion.
" In which," observed Bishop Milner (Aug. 28, 1816), "he shews himself
to have the greatest! "
7. The Streams of Eternity.
8. Sermon on the Veneration of the Cross.
9. Sermon on the Passion of our Lord.
JO. A Farewell Sermon.
I I. An Exhortation to decent Behaviour in Chapels. MS.
Printed in the "Laity's Directory" for 1794, "taken from the original in
the MS., in his own handwriting, still preserved in the Portuguese Chapel."
12. The Life of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in a Series
of Devout Meditations, written in Latin above 500 years since
and Translated into English by the Rev. Edw. Yates. Lond. 1773.
8vo. Edited by F. B.; Lond. 1774. 8vo., pp. 424. From St. Bonaventura.
13. He probably published some other single sermons and devotional
tracts.

Boardman, Peter, a lieutenant in the Royal army, who
lost his life at Bradford during the Civil War.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.
Bocking, Edward, O.S.B., of Christchurch, Canterbury,
was appointed by Archbishop \Varham confessor to Elizabeth

254

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Barton, called the Holy Maid of Kent, whose ecstasies and
revelations were then causing a great sensation, and were the
subject of inquiry. Bocking soon professed himself a believer
in her inspired character, and in this opinion he seems to
have received the support of Sir Thomas More and Bishop
Fisher.
The Maid's reproofs of the conduct of the sensual king and
her predictions of the chastisement which would ensue if he
persisted in his evil course, moved Henry to close her mouth
and prevent the circulation of her sayings. To do this the
more effectually it was deemed necessary to make an example
of some of those who had believed her to have. spoken, moved
by the Spirit of God.
Bocking, with others, was therefore attainted of treason,
drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged
and beheaded, April 20, 1534.
There can be no doubt that Henry's action in regard to the
Holy Maid of Kent, and those who suffered in the same cause,
was mainly incited by the opposition to his divorce and the
refusal to acknowledge his Majesty as the Supreme Head of
the Church in England.
It is, indeed, asserted that at the place of execution the
priests were offered their lives if they would renounce the
Pope and subscribe to the king's supremacy, which they refused
to do.
Lewis, Sanders' Anglican Schism J. LÙzgard, His!. of Eng.,
ed. 1849, vol. v. pp. 23-27; Parkinson, ColI. Allglo-11fill.,
pp. 229- 2 3 0 .

Bodenham, Charles de la Barr, Esq., of Rotherwas
Park, co. Hereford, J.P. and D.L., and Knight of the Order of
St. John, was born May 4, I 8 I 3, and was the son and heir of
Charles Thomas Bodenham, Esq.
He married, April 23, 1850, the Countess Irena-Maria,
daughter of Joseph Count Dzierzy Kraj-Morawska, of Operow,
Grand Duchy of Posen, and died in 1883, aged 70.
The Bodenhams, descended from the family of that name
seated at Bodenham, co. Hereford, obtained Rotherwas in
marriage with the daughter and heiress of \Valter de la Barr.
Burke, Commoners; Kirk, Biog. Collections, flISS.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

255

I. Correspondence between the Messrs. Bodenham and M. A.
Tierney (relating to a conversation about the Jesuits between
Charles de la Barr Bodenham and M. A. Tierney). Edited by the
latter. (Lond.) 18-1-0. 8vo. Privately printed.
Bodenham, Charles Thomas, Esq., of Rotherwas Park,
co. Hereford, was born Feb. I 5, 1783, and was the son of
Charles Bodenham, Esq., of the same place, by Bridget,
daughter of Thomas Hornyold, of Blackmore Park, co. Wor-
cester, Esq. The Bodenhams were a very ancient family,
tracing their descent from the earliest periods, and had been
seated at Rotherwas from the time of Henry VII.
He married, in 18 10, Elizabeth Mary, daughter of Thomas
Weld, of Lulworth Castle, Esq., and while yet a young man
was a member of the Catholic Board, and with his relative, Mr.
Weld, afterwards Cardinal, almost alone supported Dr. Milner
in opposing the concessions which it was proposed to make in
regard to the oath.
Mr. Bodenham's father was head of the Bank at Hereford,
and in 1825, when the terrible crash came, was compelled to
suspend, and on this occasion his son came forward to the
rescue in a most praiseworthy and magnaminous manner.
He died Dec. 5, 1865, aged 82.
Burke, Commoners
. Tablet, Dec. 23, 1865.
I. Correspondence between the Messrs. Bodenham and Canon
Tierney. Lond. 1840. 8vo.
2. Mrs. Herbert and the Villagers; or, Familiar Conversations
on the Principal Duties of Christianity. By Mrs. E. M. de
Bodenham. Lond. I ZillO., Z vols.; Dublin, 1853, IZillO., 2 vols.; frequently
reprinted, the 10th Edit. Lond. 1872, IZillO., vol. i. pp. 344; vol. ii. pp. 318.

Body, John, gentleman, martyr, was born in the city of
Wells, in Somersetshire, where his father was a wealthy mer-
chant, and had been mayor of the town. He was sent to New
College, Oxford, where he proceeded M.A., and for some time
studied the canon and civil law; but disliking the established
religion, went over to Douay College, the common refuge in
those days of such as left England for the Catholic cause, where
he arrived May I, 1577, and was for some time a convictor in
the college. After his return home, both he and John Slade,
a schoolmaster, were so zealous in maintaining the old religion,
that they were apprehended in consequence, and prosecuted
under the Article of Supremacy. They were both arraigned

256

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

together at \Vinchester, and there tried and condemned. With-
out previous example in English history they were twice, at
different times in the city of Winchester, sentenced to death
upon the same indictment, which Cardinal Allen, in his answer
to Lord Burleigh's" Justitia Britannica," imputes to a conscious...
ness on the part of their prosecutors that the first sentence was
unjust and illegal. They both suffered with great constancy.
Mr. Slade was hanged, drawn and quartered at Winchester,
Oct. 30, 1583, and Mr. Body at Andover, three days later,
Nov. 2, 1583.
Challoner, .lVIemoirs J. Lewis, Sanders' Anglz'ca1Z Schism.
I. Account of the Trial and Execution of John Slade, school-
master, and John Body, M.A. \Vritten by a Protestant, and an eye-
witness, signed R. B. ; printed at London, by Richard Jones, 1583.
Bolbet, Richard, a Yorkshire gentleman, died in prison,
for the faith, in 1589, either in the castle of Hull, or that of
York.
.1J-forris, Troubles, Third Series.
Bolland, Thomas, printer and publisher, of Spurriergate,
York, issued several Catholic works in the early part of this
century. He was probably brother to l\ir. George Bolland, who
died at York, Dec. 2, 1825, aged 61, whose elder brother had
been for nearly forty years master of the Catholic Charity
School in that city.
Laity's Directory, 1826, &c.
Bolt, John, priest, musician, a native of the city of
Exeter, and brother to the knight of that name, was born
about 1563, and for two or three years resided at Court, where
he was in great request for his voice and musical talents. A
strong desire to become a Catholic induced him to steal away
from the Court and go and live among Catholics, where after
some time he was reconciled to the faith. The Queen having
heard of his departure, fell out with the Master of Music, and
"would have flung her pantoufle at his head for looking no
better unto him;" but Bolt lived secretly in gentlemen's houses,
being welcome everywhere on account of his talents.
At length he was apprehended by the infamous Topc1iffe,
who took him for a priest. He was taken with others in
Golding Lane, London, in March, 1593-4, and was thrown

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

257

into prison, where he remained in irons for some time. In his
examination it appears that he had formerly been in the
service of Sir John Petre, of Thorndon, in Essex, and after-
wards went to 1\1r. Verney's house, in Warwickshire, to teach
l\Ir. Bassett's children to sing and play on the virginal, since
which he had stayed with 1\1r. Morgan Robins, in Finsbury
Fields, and 1\lr. \Viseman, of Braddocks, in Essex. Topcliffe
intended to torture him to compel him to confess what he
knew of priests and Catholics, but his friends hearing of it
persuaded Lady Rich, who had known him at Court, to write a
letter in his behalf, and at length, after much trouble, he was
released. Notwithstanding an invitation to return to the
Court and live without molestation to his conscience, 1\1r. Bolt
retired to the Continent, and in due course was ordained priest at
Douay College, in 1605.
Going over to Louvain, in 1613, to be present at Sister
Magdalen Throckmorton's profession, he was induced to remain
at St. 1\Ionica's Convent as chaplain and organist, and there he
died Aug. 3, 16 4 0 , aged ï 7.
.11Iorri's, Tro;tbles, First Series,. JJIorri's, Life of Fr. Jollll
Gerard,. DOllay Diaries.
I. \Vhen he was arrested, in 1593, the "Jesus Psalter," by Richard
\Vhitford, a Bridgeltine monk of Sian House, and "\Vhy do I use my
paper, pen, and ink?" by Fr. Hen. \Valpole, in Mr. Bolt's own handwritin6".
were discovered on his person, with a manuscript poem, "St. Peter's Com-
plaint," by Fr. Southwell. None of his musical compositions have been
recorded.

Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund, a critic and antiquary,
was born in 1574 or 1575, and studied for several years at
Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He then resided for some time in
the Inner Temple, studying law and history. At this period of
his life he travelled over many parts of England and Ireland in
search of antiquities. Being deprived on account of his
religion of all opportunities of achieving success in the
ordinary walks of life, he conformed to the bent of an early
inclination, and devoted his life to literature with so much
assiduity and success, that there was probahly no person of his
time, except Camden, Spelman, and Selden, who went beyond
him. He was a kinsman of Villiers, Marquis (afterwards
Duke) of Buckingham, and it was probably through the interec:;t
VOL. I. S

25 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

of that nobleman that he obtained an introduction to the Court
of King James I.
In 1617, Bolton proposed to the king a design for a Royal
Academy, or College, and Senate of Honour, on the most magni-
ficent scale. The scheme was afterwards spoken of in favourable
terms by the IVlarquis of Buckingham in the House of Peers, and
in 1624 the details were finally settled. The Academy Royal of
King James was to have been a corporation with a royal charter,
and to have a mortmain of /; 200 a year, and a common seal. It
was to consist of three classes of persons, who were to be
called Tutelaries, Auxiliaries, and Essentials. The Tutelaries
were to be Knights of the Garter, with the Lord Chancellor,
and the Chancellors of the two Universities; the Auxiliaries
were to be lords and others selected out of the flower of the
nobility, and councils of war and of the new plantations; and
the Essentials, upon whom the weight of the work was to lie,
were to be "persons called from out of the most able and most
famous lay gentlemen of England, masters of families, or
being men of themselves, and either living in the light of
things or without any title of profession, or art of life for lucre,
such persons being already of other bodies." The members of
the Academy were to have extraordinary privileges, and
amongst others, were to have the superintendence of the
review, or the review itself, of all English translations of
secular learning, to authorize all books which did not handle
theological arguments, and to give to the vulgar people indices
expurgatory and expunctory upon all books of secular learning
printed in English. Eventually, however, the whole scheme
was abandoned by the politicians of the day. If Bolton had
been successful, he would have had the rare distinction of
having introduced a new element into English society-an
order of men of literature whose distinction was obtained by
intellectual exertion, as poets, scholars, philosophers, anti-
quaries, and artists.
Mr. Bolton was alive in Aug. 1633, but the date of his
decease is not known.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
I. The Life of Henry II., King of England.
2. The Elements of Armories. Lond. 1610. 4to., pp. 210. Ded. to
" Henrie, Earl of Northampton," &c., after which are commendations by
W. Segar, and five others, and an address to the reader. The work consists

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

259

of a dialogue between two knights, Sir Eustace and Sir Amias. It is
written in a yery pedantic style, but many curious examples are brought
forward, and it is illustrated by woodcuts spiritedly executed.
3. Carmen Congratulatorium de Traductione Corporis Mariæ
Reginæ Scotorum, à Petriburgo ad Westmonasterium. MS. Bib.
Cottoniana, subtitul. A. 13.
4. The Roman Histories of Lucius Julius Florus. A translation.
(1618), 12mo.; 1636, 8vo.
5. Nero Cæsar; or Monarchie depraved, an historicall worke.
Lond. 1624, fol. \Vith engr. title by Delaram; ded. to the Duke of
Buckingham, Lord Admiral.
In this work he brings coins, medals, and inscriptions in aid of the
infonnation left by the Roman historians.
6. Hypercritica; or, a Rule of Judgment for writing or read.
ing our History's.
This highly esteemed and sensible treatise, written in 1617, which ;\[r.
Hunter remarks is never mentioned but with some token of approbation,
will be found in "Nic. Triveti Annalium continuatio," published by Dr. Hall,
Oxon, 1722, 8vo., and Halsewood's" Ancient Critical Essays upon English
Poets and Poesy," vol. ii. 1811. 4to.
Dr. Bliss observes that a :\IS. in the Bodleian Library (Rawl. Misc. I)
containing part only of the " Hypercritica," differs considerably from that
from which Dr. Hall printed his edition.
7. Rules made by Edmund Bolton for children to write by.
(In verse.) A new Booke, containing all sortes of handes usually
written at this daie in Christendom. 1590. obI. 8vo.
8. Agon Heroicus, concerning arms and armories.
An abstract of which is in MS. Cotton. Lib., Faust, e.i. 7, folio 63.
9. The Proposition made in Parliament concerning an Aca.
demy Royal, or College and Senate of Honor, by the Lord
Marquis of Buckingham, and there approved; as it was occa-
sioned and founded upon the reasons severally presented to his
Sacred Majesty, and to his Lordship before Christmas last, A.D.
1620, in the name of the Honour of ths Kingdom and of the
Antiquities thereof. MS. Harl. 16-1-3.
10. Vindiciæ Britannicæ; or, London righted by rescues and
recoveries of antiquities of Britain in general, and of London
in particular, against unwarrantable prejudices, and historical
antiquitations amongst the learned; for the more honour and
perpetual just uses of the noble island and the city. :\lS.

Bolton, Joseph, priest, was the son of vVilliam Bolton, of
Ribbleton, near Preston, Lancashire, yeoman, and Anne Black-
burne, his wife.
His family were constant sufferers for the faith. His father
was convicted of recusancy at the Lancaster Sessions held
Jan. 15, 17 16 , and in the following year he registered his estate,
which consisted of leaseholds in Ashton-super-Ribble and Lea,
S 2

260

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

in accordance with the Act of I Geo. I., which obliged Papists
to register their names and real estates.
l\lr. Bolton was born in 1736, and was sent to Douay, where
he took the college oath, Nov. 4, I 759. After his ordination
he was stationed in London, and for many years lived with
Bishop Challoner as his chaplain, and after his death was
appointed Vicar-General to his successor, Bishop Talbot.
\Vhen the Act of 1778 for the repeal of a few of the Penal
Laws was before the House of Commons, Mr. Bolton was
examined by the committee, and being asked by one of the
members if the number of Catholics increased, he candidly
answered, "I fear not." His answer caused much laughter.
At the time of the riots, in I 780, he shared in the anxieties,
difficulties, and dangers of his venerable Bishop, and though he
escaped personal violence, yet his health was materially im-
paired in consequence of the trials he had undergone. Indeed,
he was in so precarious a state in the summer of 1783, that he
was obliged to leave London, and he accompanied 11r. vVilkin-
son to St. Orner, but derived no benefit from his change.
Returning to London, he died on the 16th of the following
December, sincerely regretted by all who knew him and were
acquainted with his many virtues.
He was a member of the Chapter, and was agent for Sedgley
Park for many years after the opening of that school, and
materially served that and its sister establishment at Brook
Green, Hammersmith.
His death is thus recorded in the diary of vVilliam lVlawhood,
Esq. :-" Tuesday, Dec. I 6, 1783, 1Ir. Bolton died this morn.
ing at 8 o'clock."
Kirk, Biog. Collections, .J.1ISS., Archieþisc. Archi'l'es,. jWaw.
hood, Diary, Af S. J. Gillow, Lancashire ReCltSallts, JI S.
J. A Sentimental Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady. Lond.
This was addressed to Mrs. Bayley, the Superioress of the Convent
School at Brook Green, which :\lr. Bolton attended, and of which he was a
great patron and friend.

Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, was born either at
Elmely or Potters-Henley, in vVorcestershire. His father was
Edmund Bonner, a sawyer of Potters-Henley, and his mother's
name was Elizabeth Frodsham, though it was reported that his
true father was George Savage, parson of Devenham, in Cheshire,

OF THE ENGLISH c.\ TIIOLICS.

261

natural son of Sir John Savage, of Clifton, in that county, K.G.,
one of the Council of Henry VII.
This charge of illegitimacy was brought against Bonner by
Bale, Bishop of Ossory, and others, with the object, not merely
of annoying the Bishop of London, but to furnish a ground for
denying the validity of his orders, and, therefore, of all acts
performed by him in his episcopal character. Maitland says
that Bonner was not the only prelate against whom this
weapon was used by the reformers. It seems to have been a
mere fiction, and its falsehood is unquestionably established by
the testimony of Bonner's most bitter enemies.
About the year 15 12, he was sent to Broadgate Hall,
Oxford, now Pembroke College, where he progressed so
rapidly that he was created Doctor of Canon Law, June 12,
I 5 19, and Bachelor of Civil Law in the following month.
After receiving orders he left the university for a cure in
\Vorcestershire, but returned in 1525 to complete his degrees.
He was successively rector of Ripley, Bleden, Dereham, Chef-
wick, and Cherryburton, and gradually came under the notice
of the Court, and received the appointment of King's Chaplain.
He had now an opportunity of displaying his talents, which he
frequently did with remarkable acuteness and judgment in
matters of canon law.
Bonner's ability, however, was easily enlisted in the furtherance
of the king's divorce, and he was frequently sent abroad on
this mission, and jointly with others was engaged in commis-
sions at the Courts of France, Rome, Denmark, and the
Imperial Court, and received several preferments in recognition
of his services. He was Master of Faculties to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, and, in J 535, was appointed Archdeacon of
Leicester. In 1538 he was nominated to the See of Hereford,
but before his consecration was transferred to the See of
London, and consecrated April 4, I 540, the delay arising
through his absence abroad. He was expediently grateful,
says Mr. Burke; he spoke and acted with the Court, advocated
the divorce of Katharine of Arragon, supported the king's
supremacy, and the dissolution of the monastic houses. In
later days came the revulsion. After the death of Henry,
Bishop Bonner became conscious of the mischief he had done
the Church in the reign of his U good old master."
Though very complaisant in matters of discipline, he stood

262

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

firm as to all doctrinal points, and played his part with such
dexterity that for a long time the reformers were unable to
deprive him of his episcopal See. From the beginning he had
shown a dislike to the proceedings of the Government, and was
suspected of much more than could be charged against him.
To put him to the test, he was enjoined by an order of Council to
preach at St. Paul's Cross, Sept. I, 1549, and the subject of his
oration was to be the validity of the king's power during his
minority, for it was maintained by some that, as the king was
incapable of judgment at that age, he could not change the
general and fundamental laws of the nation until nature, and
the statutes then in force, rendered him capable. This was
held by the Devonshire and Norfolk rebels, and Dr. Bonner lay
under the suspicion of being an abettor. Two clergymen,
William Latimer, B.D., parson of St. Laurence Pountney, and
John Hooper (formerly a monk and afterwards Bishop of
Gloucester), were secretly instructed to be present at the
oration, and according to their instructions impeached him for
not touching on the king's power during his minority, as he had
been enjoined.
Upon this accusation, Bonner was summoned, and a court of
delegates, principally consisting of laymen, was commissioned
for his trial. It was empowered not only to s
spend and
deprive, but abo to excommunicate him, in case he was found
guilty. The Bishop's skill in canon law, and his intimate
acquaintance with civil law, not only enabled him to defend
himself, but also to completely baffle the delegates during the
three sessions of his trial, Sept. 13, 16, and 18. He pressed
them hard with insuperable difficulties, and had prepared notes
for many more, had he not clearly observed that his trial
was merely formal, and that his overthrow, legally or illegally,
was a foregone conclusion. He maintained that, as he had
preached against the Devonshire and Norfolk rebels, it was, by
implication, an acknowledgment of the king's power during his
minority, which he considered was sufficient to refute the
principal charge of his arraignment, especially if the evidence
of his accusers was duly weighed, for both Latimer and Hooper
had formerly been warned and threatened by him for holding
erroneous doctrines, especially concerning the BI essed Sacra-
ment; and, therefore, he argued that their evidence should be
rejected as partial and instigated by revenge. In conclusion,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

26 3

some smart and high words passed between the Bishop and
Secretary Smith, who told Bonner that his behaviour was inso-
lent, and that he ought to be immediately committed to prison.
The Bishop very calmly replied that he had a right to three
things, a few effects, a poor carcass, and his soul. The two
former they might take from him, the last he would keep out
of their power. "And to let you see," he added, "that I acknow-
ledge the king's power in his minority, I protest the jurisdiction
of your court, and
ppeal direct to his royal authority and
person."
In the issue he was committed a prisoner to the Marshalsea,
Sept. 2 I, 1549, and conveyed there in his episcopal robes, where
he was kept in close confinement, not being permitted even the
use of pen, ink, or paper, and no fire. Cranmer was censured
for this cruelty.
The Bishop was detained in prison during the remainder of
the reign of Edward VI., and was not released until IVlary
restored him to his See. Mary looked upon Bonner's deprivation
as illegal, since secular persons in an inferior court were chiefly
employed in the commission, and this view is taken by Collier
and other Protestant historians, who even held that an appeal
to Convocation would have reversed the decree of the dele-
gates. But these were not times to appeal to Convocations,
whose power had been crippled by the appointment of a lay
president.
As to Bonner's behaviour in Queen Mary's reign, Protestant
historians have made the most of those scenes of cruelty and
blood which disgraced his diocese, but calmer judgments must
now allow that many of the pktures were drawn under a trans.
port of passion, and others too highly coloured by the partisan's
brush.
Lingard states that it is doubtful whether Bonner deserved
all the odium which has been heaped upon him. The Council
commanded; the Bishop obeyed. It is not asserted that he
infringed the statutes. Foxe and Strype admit in favour of
Bonner, that" as the law stood, he could not refuse to hear
those heresy appeals as they were sent forward by the Council."
As a priest, it was the duty of Bonner to have nothing to do
with the sacrifice of human life. It is only justice to state,
however, that he was severely rebuked by the Council for not
acting with expedition in cases of some obstinate heretics.

264

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

Furthermore, it must not be forgotten that he was diligent
in his pastoral duties, and took great pains to improve the
morals of his diocese, as well as to reduce them to the religion
of their ancestors.
But to proceed to the last part of his life. 'Vhen Elizabeth
ascended the throne, Bishop Bonner was among the first attacked
by summons, and refusing to comply to the oath of supremacy,
was committed a second time to the Marshalsea. Here he
remained undisturbed until about the year 1563, when Horn,
Bishop of \Vinchester, summoned him to take the oath of
supremacy; but Bonner refusing, again on his indictment
defended himself with marked ability, and insisted on Horn's
incapacity as not being a true bishop in the eye of the law,
that he was an intruder in the See of vVinchester, and that he
was neither elected nor consecrated pursuant to the canons of
the Church or the statutes of the realm.
In order to surmount this difficulty the case was kept pend.
ing until anAct was passed in the next Parliament, 8th Elizabeth,
whereby the consecration of the archbishops and bishops in
the beginning of the reign were declared and confirmed.
Bishop Bonner therefore spent the remainder of his life in
the Marshalsea prison, where with cheerful temper and Christian
resignation he was a comfort both to himself and others, and
took his leave of the world, Sept. 5, 1569.
It is a difficult task to write the character of one who has
varied his principles and behaviour, but if anyone merited to
have such a blot in his life overlooked, it is Bishop Bonner. He
was not one of those occasional conformists who struck in with
every change. He was indeed carried away with the stream
in the earlier part of his career, but he quickly recovered him-
self, and ever afterwards remained firm to his principles.
Justice has not been done him by the generality of
writers, who ungenerously omit his high qualifications, and show
as little mercy in giving his character as he is charged with
having shown to those who fell under his hand while he was in
power. Maitland, however, gives him the character of a man
stra}ghtforward and hearty, familiar and humorous, sometimes
rough, perhaps coarse, naturally hot-tempered, but obviously
(by the testimony of his enemies) placable and easily entreated,
capable of bearing most patiently much intemperate and insolent
language, much reviling and low abuse, directed against himself

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

26 5

personally, against his Order, and against those peculiar doctrines
of his Church for maintaining which he had himself suffered
the loss of all things, and borne long imprisonment. At the
same time not incapable of being provoked into saying harsh
and passionate things, but much more frequently meaning
nothing by the threatenings and slaughter which he breathed
out than to intimidate those on whose ignorance and simplicity
argument seemed to be thrown away-in short, anyone of the
cases detailed by those who were no friends to Bonner can
scarcely be read with attention without seeing in him a judge
who (even granted that he was dispensing bad laws badly) was
obviously desirous to save the prisoner's life.
Canon Dixon's portrait of Bonner's early life is not favourable
to his reputation as a cleric. He was a thorough man of the
world, anq was consequently suited to become one of King
Henry's agents in the iniquitous divorce litigation.
Green describes him as "a clerical judge who had never been
a very zealous persecutor, and was sick of his work."
Burke remarks that his conduct to the Head of his own
Church, in Henry's reign, might tend to enlist the sympathy of
Puritan writers in his favour, for at that period he did far more
to promote the Reformation than to uphold Catholicity in
Mary's reign.
In conclusion it may be said, if it be true that he was
imperious and insulting when in power, he was never abject or
cringing when reduced. There was a remarkable cheerfulness
always apparent in his countenance during his long confinement,
and such intrepidity in his behaviour, as could proceed from
nothing but conscious innocence and the strength of his own
spirits.
Dodd, Ch. His!.,. Burke, Hisl. Portr. of the Tudor Dynasty;
J1faillalld, Reforma!zoll" L'Ùzgard, Hisl. of Eug.,. Green, Hisl.
of Eug.
I. Preface to Bishop Gardiner's Book of Obedience: in Defence of the
King's Supremacy. In Latin, 1534.
2. Letters to Lord Cromwell.
3. Responsiam et Exhortatio in Laudem Sacerdotii. 1553.
4. Articles [37J to be inquired of in the General Visitation of
Edmund, Bishop of London, 1554.
Reprinted in Burnet's U Hist. of the Refonnation."
To ridicule these articles Bale, TIp. of Ossory, wrote a scurrilous work
entitled" A Declaration of Edmund Bonner's Articles concerning the Clergy

\

266

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

of London Diocese, whereby that Execrable Antichrist is in his right colours
revealed." 1554. 8vo.
5. A Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, for the Instruction
and Enformation of the People within his Diocese, and of his
Cure and Charge. Lond. 1554, 4to.; again 1555, impr. by John
Cawode, 4to. It is an exposition of the Creed, seven Sacraments, &c., in
thirteen homilies.
This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chaplains, John
Harpesfield and Henry Pendleton, extracted from the "Institution of a
Christian Man," with certain variatioll3.
6. Homelies sette forth by the righte reverende father in God,
Edmunde Byshop of London, not onely promised before in his
booke, intituled, A Necessary Doctrine, but also now of late
adjoyned, and added thereto, to be read within his diocesse of
London, of all persons, vycars, and curates, unto theyr
parishioners, upon Sondayes and holy days. 1555. Lond. John
Cawood, 4to.
7. In 1842 appeared the" Life and Defence of the Conduct and Principles
of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bonner, in which is considered the
best mode of again changing the religion of this nation. By a Tractarian
British Critic." Lond. 8vo.
This ironical work was an attempt by Prebendary Tremyard to expose
and damage the Catholic tendency of the Oxford Tracts,

Booker, Thomas, bookseller, printer, anù publisher, of
New Bond Street, London, died June 24, 1793, and seems to
have been the founder of the firm of this name so long and
honourably connected with the Catholic bookselling business.
His wife, Elizabeth, survived him, and carried on the business
at 56 New Bond Street, with her two sons, Thomas and Joseph
Booker; and subsequently her daughters, Mary Booker and
Mrs. Dolman, successively took part in the continuity of the
firm. Mrs. Booker died June 17, 182 I, aged 84.
Thomas Booker died Feb. 26, 1826, but had previously dis-
associated himself from his brother, Joseph Booker, who con-
tinued the business at 6 I New Bond Street.
Joseph Booker was not only highly esteemed in his business,
in which he issued many creditable publications, but was also
honoured for the activity he displayed in Catholic affairs. For
twenty-six years he devoted his services as Honorary General
Secretary of the Associated Catholic Charities, and, at his death,
March 2 J, 1837, secured the grateful and affectionate memory
of his fellow-labourers, the governors and committees of that
insti tu tion.
After his death, his sister, Mary Booker, conducted the busl..

OF TIlE ENGLISH CA TIIOLICS.

26 7

ness at the same address, in conjunction with her nephews,
Charles Dolman and Thomas Booker. She died Aug. 2, 1840,
aged 66, and the business was continued by Dolman in his own
name. It was subsequently transferred to a Limited Company
under the title of "The Catholic Bookselling and Publishing
Company," which resulted very unfavourably. Dolman died
in Pari:; in 1862, and, after the collapse of the company, the
name of Booker once more appeared over the establishment at
6 I New Bond Street.
Thomas Booker, the younger, left a son and namesake, who
established himself chiefly as a printer at 37 Ranelagh Street,
Liverpool, on the death of his aunt, Mary Booker, in 1840.
Here he printed some prayer-books, but he does not seem to
have confined himself to the business of a Catholic publisher
and printer. In 1848 he returned to London and opened a
similar establishment at 9 Rupert Street, Leicester Square,
but though at first he solicited Catholic support, he eventually
settled as a general printer, and died within the last five years.
Laity's Directories,. Timpcrley, Typo. Diet.
' &c.
I. The Weekly Register, Lond. cr. 8vo., price 3d., printed and pub-
lished by Thomas Booker, 9 Rupert Street, Leicester Square, with occasional
illustrations, commenced Aug. 4, 1849, and came to an end Jan. 26, 1850,
owing to the withdrawal of Mr. Dolman's connection, and the resignation of
its Editor, the Rev. Edw. Price. An account of Dolman's Magazine will be
found under Charles Dolman.
2. The Catholic Register and Magazine, Lond. T. Booker, 8vo.,
vol. xi. No. 61, March 1850. The numbers refer to the establishment of
Dolman's Magazine in March 1845, from which the Register claimed descent.
It lasted only a few months.
3. Booker's Pocket-Book Directory, an annual, about 1844 et seq.
4. The Dublin Review, quarterly, commenced by Spooner, Lond., and
Wakeman, Dublin, in 1836, pub. by Booker & Dolman, in 1838, and Dolman
from 1839 to 1844, subsequently by Thos. Richardson & Son, and Bums &
Lambert.
5. The Easter Offering; A Catholic Annual for the Year 1832,
Lond. T. Booker, 1832. 8vo., with plates.
Booth, Edward, alias Barlow, priest, was born at War-
rington, in Lancashire, where several of his family were con-
victed of recusancy. When he was about twenty years of
age, in 1659, he went to the English College, Lisbon, where
he was ordained priest, and was sent back on the mission,
being placed with Lord Langdale, in Yorkshire. From here
he removed to Park Hall, Lancashire, the seat of the Hoghtons J

268

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION"ARY

where he was living in 1701, and was then Vicar-General of
the Lancashire district.
Mr. Booth was always known by the name of Barlow, which
he took from his godfather, Fr. Ambrose Barlow, a.S.B., who was
martyred at Lancaster in 164 I. He was a zealous missioner,
and a great friend of the poor in the neighbourhood of Park
Hall, Low, Strangeways, and Hindley, to whom he conformed
in his habits both as to dress and diet. He died in 1719, in
his 8 I st year.
I t was a public loss that he was not more known to the
world. His qualifications were so useful that, had opportunity
offered, few could have gained greater reputation either in his
religious or secular capacity. The regularity of his life, his
mortified appetite, and his compassion for the poor, were,
indeed, truly apostolic. Though. ever poor himself, yet he
always found means to relieve the necessities of others.
He was a master in Latin and Greek, and had a competent
knowledge of Hebrew before he went abroad, and it has been
said that the age in which he lived hardly produced anyone
better qualified by nature for mathematical sciences, for though
the number of works he read on those subjects was limited, yet
the whole system of natural causes seemed lodged within him
from his first coming to the use ,pf reason. Dodd assures us
that he had often been told by l\lr. Barlow himself that his
first perusal of Euclid was as easy to him as a newspaper.
His name and fame are perpetuated in his invention of the
pendulum watch, yet according to the usual fate of most
inventors, whilst others were great gainers by his ingenuity,
Mr. Barlow would have reaped no benefit had not Mr. Tompson,
accidentally acquainted with the inventor's name, made him
a present of L 200.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.,. Catlt. lVI ago 1835.
I. A Treatise of the origin of Springs, Wind, and the flux and
reflux of the Sea. With several Explanatory Maps. Lond. 17 1 4.
8vo.
2. Meteorological Essays. Lond. 1715. 8vo.
3. An Exact Survey of the Tide, explicating its production
and propagation, variety and anomaly in all parts of the World,
especially near the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. With a
preliminary Treatise concerning the origin of Springs, generation
of Rain, and production of Wind. With twelve curious Maps.
Lond. 1717. 2 vols. 8\-0.

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

26 9

A second edition was published after the author's death, in 2 ptS., Lond.
1722. 8vo. Part 2 has a separate pagination.
4. A Treatise of the Eucharist, 3 vols. 4to. :;\IS.
Booth, James, an eminent counsel of Lincoln's Inn, was
brother to Fr. Charles Booth, S.J., who was born at St. Ger-
mains in 1707, where their father seems to have followed the
fortunes of the Stuarts.
Charles Butler, speaking of this eminent lawyer, states that
he was acknowledged to be the father of the modern practice
of conveyancing. He was not the author of any work, but his
written opinions were given at great length, and are very ela-
borate. They were held in great esteem, and always mentioned
at the Bar, and from the Bench, with great respect. The copies
of them are numerous, and in the work, intituled "Printed
Copies of Opinions of Eminent Counsel," several of them found
their way to the press.
Dr. Oliver refers to the repute with which his treatise on
" Real Actions" was held.
Butler, Hist. Mem. of the Ellg. Caths., 1822, vol. iv. p. 460 ;
Oliver, Collections, p. 244.
I. Opinions, published in "Printed Copies of Opinions of Eminent
Counsel."
2. Cases on the Popery Laws, MSS. dated from 1738 to 1764, at
Ushaw College.
3. Two Opinions on the claim made by Fr. Gilbert Talbot, S.J., thirteenth
Earl of Shrewsbury, on the Personal Estate of the Duke of Shrewsbury in
1743. MSS.
4. Opinions between 1764 and 1772, including an important one on
"The Duke of New-Castle's Case" dated from Lincoln's Inn,
Aug. 18, 1772. Grimshaw MSS. in the author's possession.
Borde, Andrew, Carthusian, M.D., in Latin Andreas
Perforatus, has the reputation of being the original Merry
Andrew, and was born at Boond's Hill, in Holmesdale, co.
Sussex, about the year 1500. He was educated at Oxford, and
became a Carthusian monk.
After the dissolution of his monastery by Henry VIII., when
most of his brethren were either executed or imprisoned, he
escaped to the Continent, and in pursuit of knowledge and
security for his conscience wandered through nearly all the
countries of Europe, and even some parts of Africa, until at
length he settled at Montpellier in France, where he took the
degree of Doctor of Physic. Shortly afterwards he returned to
England, and was incorporated in his medical degree at Oxford,

27 0

DIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and also in the College of Physicians, London, and became an
eminent practitioner. For a time he resided at Pensey, with his
relations, who were people of position, and here his society was
in great request on account of his brilliant conversation and
universal knowledge, but at length he settled at his beloved
city of Winchester.
Notwithstanding his rambling life and the secular calling in
which he was engaged, forced upon him by the suppression of
his Order, he constantly practised the essential duties of his
original profession, drinking nothing but water three days a
week, wearing a hair shirt, and every night hanging his shroud
at the foot of his bed to remind him of death and his future
state. He was not only a strict observer of his vow of chastity,
but smartly denounced those priests and monks who had
married and violated their vows after the dissolution of their
monasteries. This created him many enemies, especially Poynet,
Bishop of vVinchester, who endeavoured to cause him all the
trouble he could, and" foul-mouthed Bale," as Anthony à Wood
terms him, who traduces him as one exclaiming against vow-
breakers whilst privately keeping mistresses himself. But
these mistresses were proved to be only female patients whom
he was obliged to professionally attend, no physician being in
greater repute.
Hearne, the antiquary, speaks of Borde with the highest
admiration, and vindicates his character from the aspersions cast
upon it by such men as Bale. His reputation as a physician
was such as to induce many princes to apply to him for advice,
and it is stated by the best authorities that Henry VIII.
himself was of the number.
But his skill as a physician was equalled by the genius
displayed in his poetic and other writings, which in their day
have held a high position for wit and humour. Hearne tells
us that in his endeavours to alleviate the ills of humanity
he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant doctor, inducing
the people more readily to flock to him by the humorous
speeches he would make.
At length this extraordinary man was thrown into prison, it
is thought on account of his religion, and died in the Fleet,
April, I 549.
Dodd, CIz. His!.,. Bliss, Wood's A thal. Oxon.,. Hearne,
Belledictus A bb.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

27 1

I. Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lond. 1630. 12mo.
Frequently reprinted.
Wood says that in the reign of Hen. VIII. and after, "it was accounted
a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and gentlemen."
Hearne was of opinion that these idle pranks of the men of Gotham, a
town in Lincolnshire, bore reference to some customary law-tenures now
obsolete, and that Blount might have enriched his book on Ancient Tenures
with these ludicrous stories.
2. The Breviary of Health, wherein are Remedies for aU
manner of Sicknesses and Diseases, which may be in Man or
Woman, expressing the obscure Terms of Greek, Latin
Barbarous and English, concerning Physick and Chirurgery.
Lond. 4to. 1547-48-52-57-87-98, &c.
In the" Principles of Astronomy" the author refers to this work printed
by \Vill. Middleton, so that it must have originally appeared at an early
date.
Fuller, "\Vorthies," gives this the priority of any work published by
the faculty, and says that it was accounted such a jewel that it was printed
" cum privilegio ad imprime dum solum."
3. Pryncyples of Astronomye, the whiche diligently per-
scrutyd is in a maner a Prognosticacyon to the Worlde's end.
Lond., Flete-strete, at the Sygne of the Rose Garland, by Rob. Coplande,
12mo. n.d. Lond. 15-to, 8vo.; Lond. 1814, 8vo.
4. The First Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge, the
which doth teach a man to speake part of al maner of languages,
and to knowe the usage and fashion of al maner of countryes,
and for to knowe the most part of al maner of Coins of Monie.
Lond. 1542, 4to. Ded. to Mary, daughter of Hen. VIII.
This was a new edition printed by Robert Coplands, and Dibdin says
that it was probably the most curious and generally interesting volume
ever put forth from the press of the Coplands. The work is partly in
verse and partly in prose, with wooden cuts prefixed to each of the thirty-
nine chapters. He never completed the second book. The work was
reprinted and edited by \V. Upcott, Lond. 1814. 4to.
5. A ryght pleasant and merry Historie of the Mylner of
Abyngton, with his Wife and his faire Daughter, and of two poor
Scholars of Cambridge. Lond. 4to.
Said to be a meagre epitome of Chaucer's: Miller's Tale.
6. Regimente, or Dietarie of Helthe. Imprinted by me
Thomas Colwel, 1562, 16mo.; 1564; 1567; 1576, 8vo.
Two editions by Robert \Vyer, without dates, are in the Brit. Mus. Ac-
cording to Warton" this is the only one of Borde's numerous works that can
afford any degree of entertainment to the modern reader; where, giving direc-
tions as a physician, concerning the choice of houses, diet, and apparel, and
not suspecting how little he should instruct, and how much he might amuse
a curious posterity, he has preserved many anecdotes of the private life,
customs, and arts of our ancestors."
7. A Book of Prognosticks.
8. Of Urines.

27 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

9. Of Every Region, Country and Province, which shews the
Miles, Leegs, Distance from City to City and from Town to Town,
with the noted things in the said Cities and Towns.
The MS. of this work was lent by the author to Tho. Cromwell, of Bishop's
\Valtham, near \Vinchester, who lost it, to the great grief of Dr. Borde, who
would otherwise have published it.
10. His Peregrin;;ttion, a MS. copy of which faIling into the hands of
Hearne, was published by him.
I I. Hearne alludes to "Scogan's Jests" (the favourite buffoon of the
Court of Edw. IV.), which he says was unjustly fathered on Dr. Borde, with
other worthless books, by unscrupulous publishers who wished to benefit by
his reputation for wit and humour.

Bordley, Simon George, priest and schoolmaster, was
born at Thurnham, near Lancaster, Oct. 28, 1709, and was the
son of William Bordley, of Thurnham, yeoman, who was con-
victed of recusancy at the sessions held at Lancaster, Oct. 2,
17 I 6. I t has been said that l\Ir. Bordley was for some time a
student at Oxford, and was then a Protestant. Both state-
ments are improbable, for his father was not only convicted,
but also registered his estate, as a Catholic, and was hardly in
a position to send his son to Oxford. He returned, in 17 I 7,
a leasehold in Cockerham from Lord Haversham, and a lease.
hold in Thurnham from John Dalton, Esq., and mentions two
of his sons and one daughter, John, Thomas, and Elizabeth
Bordley.
l\ir. Bordley was sent to Douay, and under the name of
George Bordley took the college oath, Oct. 3, 1728. He
began philosophy in that year with IVlr. Alban Butler, and
displayed considerable abilities in every branch of his studies.
After his ordination, he left the college, Sept. 13, 1735,
after saying Mass at our Lady's altar that morning.
Moor Hall, Aughton, near Liverpool, seems to have been the
first seat of his labours, where his annual stipend, he says, was
only J; 5! This seems rather strange, as l\irs. Anne Woolfall,
the widow of Richard W oolfall, of \ V 001 fall, Esq., and daughter
and heiress of Edward Stanley, of Moor Hall, Esq., had only a
few years previous, in 1728, bequeathed J; 300 for the support
of a priest to help the Catholics at l\ioor Hall.
About 1741, Mr. Bordley was serving the mission at Salwick
Hall, Lancashire, the property of the Cliftons of Lytham, and at
that time he was also attending the chapel at Mowbreck Hall,
the seat of the \Vestbys. It was probably at Salwick Hall where
he resided and commenced his school, for the Cliftons had long

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

273

ceased to use it as a residence, and the Westbys themselves
occupied Mowbreck. How long he remained is not certain,
but the Rev. Richard Southworth was educated here previous
to going to Douay in I 756. He afterwards returned, appa.
rently about 1769, to Moor Hall, Aughton, which had reverted
to the Stanleys of Hooton, and it is probable that he at first
occupied the Hall as a school.
On the return of some members of the Stanley family, some
time previous to 1784, he removed to Newhouse, Aughton,
where he established the mission.
This is apparently the establishment referred to by Dr.
Kirk, who states that Mr. Bordley was enabled by his savings,
from a scanty income, and by the charity of others, particularly
of Edward, Duke of Norfolk, to build a school at Ince-Blundell,
where he had frequently not less than seventy or eighty scholars.
One of his principal objects in adding this to the labours of a
large and poor congregation was to rear youth for the priest.
hood, and many missionaries were indebted to him for the
education they afterwards received at Douay, Lisbon, and
Valladolid. In this manner he employed his time and money
during a long life, in the course of which, he himself says, the
moneys got or saved amounted to .l5, 170 I8s.
John Berry, who died Jan. I I, 1818, aged 82, was his
assistant master in the school at Ince- Blundell.
Towards the close of his life he became almost blind, and
died Nov. 3, 1799.
Mr. Bordley, with some eccentricities, was a very zealous and
laborious missionary, and a learned man. He accommodated
his language and manners to the poor, in the midst of whom
he lived, and by that means was enabled to do much good.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS. Archiepisc. Archives,. Gillow,
Lanc. ReCllSalzts, MS.; Wlzittle, Hist. of Preston,. Douay
Diaries,. Gibs01Z, Lrdiate Hall.
I. Cadmus Britannicus, or the Art of Writing improved: con.
taining 1. A Short-Hand, where very great Haste is not required,
though shorter by one Half than our common Way of Writing.
2. A Swifter Short-Hand for taking down Speeches and Sermons
after a Speaker or Preacher. 3. A Short-Hand for Music,
whereby much more may be written in the same space of Time
than in the usual Way. 4. An Universal Character, being a com-
plete Grammar of it, with some general Directions for compiling
VOL. I. T

274

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

a Dictionary; by the Help of which a Person may carryon a
Correspondence with People in foreign Parts, whose Language
he does not understand. Lond. 1788. 8vo.
This very curious and ingenious work he dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks,
President, and to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, in the hope
that they would recommend it to Foreign Societies and Academies for the
benefit of Mankind, otherwise, he adds, "the Universal Character should
never have been communicated to any private person, and much less to the
public, and should have died with its Author."
2. Quintilianus Britannicus; or the the Art of teaching Latin,
Greek, &c. improved; wherein is shown, I. That the Method of
teaching Latin, &c., in England is extremely defective. II.
Wherein the Defect chiefly consists. III. When and how it was
introduced. IV. How and by what Means it is to be cured. V.
And that is by teaching it in the same manner, as it is taught by
the ablest and best Masters in Foreign Countries, who are
acknowledged by our own Latin Masters of most Note, to be far
better Teachers of Latin than our own Countrymen. Lond.
[179 2 ?]
3. Short-Hand Alphabets for English, Latin, and Greek; con-
sisting of the most regular, concise, and uniform characters for
the Letters of the Alphabet, that can be devised, or written with
Pen and Ink: with characters for Numbers, as also Points or
Stops, and other Marks used in Writing, suitable to them; and
likewise Specimens and Directions for writing by them. Pub-
lished for the Use and Benefit of all Pen-Men, and especially
of Writing-Masters and their Young Pupils of both Sexes.
Lond.
Bosgrave, Thomas, martyr, was a Cornish gentleman, a
relative of Sir John Arundel!.
When Fr. Cornelius was arrested in the house of Lady
Arundell, IVlr. Bosgrave, seeing that he was being hurried away
without a hat, placed his own hat upon the confessor's head,
saying, cc The honour I owe to your function will not allow
me to see you go bareheaded." Thereupon the sherif( told
him he should bear him company, and it was for this offence
he afterwards suffered with him. They were tried at Dor-
chester, Mr. Bosgrave being found guilty of felony in aiding
and assisting Fr. Cornelius, knowing him to be a priest.
They were condemned on July 2, and executed at Dorchester,
July 4, 1594.
ChalloJler, Memoirs.

Bost, or Boast, John, priest, martyr, was born of a gentle-
man's family in the town of Penrith, in Cumberland. He was

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

275

educated at one of the universities, where he took the degree
of :M.A., and was cotemporary with, and much esteemed by,
Tobie l\latthews, who, at the time of IVlr. Bost's execution, was
Bishop of Durham, and afterwards Archbishop of York.
After he had been reconciled to the Catholic Church, Mr.
Bost was received into the English College then lately trans-
lated from Douay to Rheims, where he was ordained priest and
sent upon the English mission in 158 I.
He was at length, after many narrow escapes, taken at \Vater.
houses, three or four miles from Durham, in the house of Mr.
\;Villiam Claxton, and was shortly after sent up to London,
where he was for a long time imprisoned in the Tower, and
often most cruelly racked.
At length, after suffering many torments and hardships, he
was sent back to the North, there to be tried and executed.
He suffered at Durham, July 24, 1594-some accounts say
July 19.
Chal101zer, fiIemoirs.
1. History or Memoir of one of the Missionary Priests, Father
John Bost, or Boast, who laboured in the county, otherwise
called the Bishopric, of Durham, and was executed in the City
of Durham, on 24 July, 1594. By the Very Rev. Ralph Provost
Platt, D.D. MS. left almost ready for publication by Dr. Platt, who died
in 1874.
Bourchier, John, abbot, was some time a student of St.
John's College, Cambridge, but appears to have left the univer-
sity without a degree. Subsequently he became a Canon
Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, and about the close of
1533 was appointed Abbot of the house of St. l\lary-de-
Pratis, near Leicester, on the resignation of Richard Pexal, to
whom by covenant he allowed J; 100 per annum, finding him
also wood and coal, and all implements to his house, together
with horses and all things appertaining to them.
The resignation of Pexal and the elevation of Bourchier
were brought about by the instrumentality of Thomas Crom-
well, to whom Bourchier promised J; 100, which he paid
accordingly.
It was also agreed that a grant of the conventual estate at
Ingarsby should be made to Richard Cromwell, the nephew of
Henry VIII.'s rapacious :\linister, but the brethren could not
be induced to consent to this grant, inasmuch as that estate
T 2

276

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

was the principal source of supply of beeves and mutton for
the maintenance of their hospitality. There are letters from
the Abbot Bourchier to Cromwell respecting these matters,
which are valuable as examples of the manner in which the
ruin and spoliation of the religious houses were effected by
forcing upon them such like complaisant and self-seeking
superiors. In one, alluding to the difficulty which he had
found in obtaining from the brethren their assent to the sealing
of the grant to Richard Cromwell, Bourchier states that he had
taken from them all their keys to the common-seal, and offers
to seal the grant himself and send it up, if Cromwell would
bear him harmless against their complaints.
He also, in this letter, refers to a charge which had been
brought against him by his predecessor, as to whom he says,
" I have loved him, cherisched hym, and mad of him as never
did man in Leycestr' of another; I never had good dische but
he had part; I never had thing to his pleasur but that I gave
it him; every dai I went to his loging to comfort him ; that
thing that I coold dyvyse to his comfort I all ways dyd ; and
it (yet ?) unnatturallye, and that pryvylye, I makyng much of
him according to myoId usage, hath complayned to your
Maisterschip upon me, for that whiche lyythe not in me to
helpe." In another letter he requests Thomas Cromwell's
acceptance of "a brase of fatt oxen, and a score of fatt
wethers." On Aug. I I, 1534, he, with the prior, sub-prior,
and twenty. three of the canons of his house, subscribed an
acknowledgment of the king's supremacy, and in or about
1538, he, with the prior, sub-prior, and eighteen canons, sur-
rendered the abbey to the king. He secured for himself a
pension of Æ200 per annum, and for a time resided at St.
John's Chapel in Leicester.
vVhen it was contemplated to erect an episcopal See at
Shrewsbury, he was designed by Henry VIII. as the bishop.
On the death of James Brookes, Bishop of Gloucester, Bour-
chier was nominated his successor, and Oct. 25, I 5 5 8, had, as
bishop nominate, a grant from the Crown of the custody of
that bishopric and all temporalities thereof, from the preceding
Feast of the Annunciation of the B.V.M., so long as the vacancy
of that See should continue. The arrangement by which he
was to succeed to this bishopric, however, was entirely frus-
trated by the death of Queen lVlary, which soon afterwards took

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

277

place, and the See remained vacant till 1562. He seems to have
repented of the part he had taken in the reign of Henry VIII.,
for his name occurs, Jan. 29, 1576-7, in a certificate returned
into the exchequer of fugitives beyond the sea contrary to the
statute of 13 Eliz. He probably died about I 581. It has,
indeed, been said that in Aug. I 584, he had a general pardon
from the Crown. This, however, is altogether a mistake. The
document cited is of the fifteenth century, and of course refers
to a different individual.
Cooper, Atlten. Can tab.
I. Three letters to Thomas Cromwell, one dated April 19, another
May 6, and the third without date. They have been printed.

Bourchier, Thomas, D.D., O.S.F., belonged to the illus-
trious family of that name formerly Earls of Bath. He was
for some time at Magdalen College, Oxford, and in the reign
of Queen Mary, in 1558, took the Franciscan habit in the
restored convent at Greenwich.
\Vhen the community were expelled by Elizabeth, he pro.
ceeded to Paris, where he diligently studied theology, and
obtained the degree of Doctor of the Sorbonne. Thence he
directed his steps to Rome, and became a member of the great
Franciscan Convent there, Ara Coeli, and was appointed a
penitentiary of St, ] ohn Lateran's.
His death occurred in Rome about 1586. He was a very
learned and holy man.
Pitts, De Illus. Angl. Script.,. Certa11len SeraplticulIl; TYad.
dingus, Scriptores Ordinis MÍ1lOrum,. Dodd, CIt. Hist.
I. Historia Ecclesiastica de Martyrio Fratrum Ord. Min. Divi
Francisci, de observantia, qui partim. in Anglia sub Henrico
IIX. Rege, partim in Belgio, sub Principe Auriaco, partim et in
Hybernia tempore Elizabethæ regnantis Reginæ, passi sunt,
1536-82. Autore Fr. Thoma Bourchier, Anglo, Ordinis D.
Francisci de observantia. Parisiis, 1582. 8vo., pp. 297.
Ingolstadii ex officina Wolfangi Ediri, 1583, 12mo.; ditto in Dutch,
1584, 4to.; Parisiis, 1585, 8vo.; Parisiis, 1586, 8vo.
2. Orationum doctissimam, et efficissimam ad Franciscam
Gonzagam totius Ordinis Ministrum. Generalem pro pace, et
disciplina Regulari magni Conventus Parisiensis instituenda.
Parisiis. 1582. 8vo.
3. Tractatum de judicio Religiosorum, in quo demonstratur,
quod a secularibus judicari non debeant.

27 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

\Vadding says, "habeo MS. missum ad Ludovicum Gonzagam Ducem
N ivernensem ParisiÌ5' scriptum 1582."
4. He is said to have written many works, but the above are all that
have been recorded.

Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, was son
of Philip Bourne, and was born in \Vorcestershire. He entered
the University of Oxford in 1524, and became a Fellow of All
Souls in I 5 3 I. In the year I 54 I he was made one of the
first prebendaries of Worcester upon the establishment of that
deanery.
During the reign of Edward VI. he conformed to the times,
and was successively Archdeacon of Bedford, Essex, and
lVliddlesex, but, when Mary ascended the throne, he returned
to the faith, and possessing great talent as a preacher, his
abilities were called in requisition to denounce the doctrines
of the reformers, which he did with remarkable zeal and
eloquence.
One instance is related of a sermon he preached at
St. Paul's Cross, Aug. 13, I 553, in which, while distinctly
maintaining several tenets of Catholic doctrine, he stated that
Bishop Bonner had been unjustly deprived, for preaching there
upon the same Gospel, and for the same cause he himself now
defended. This raised such a tumult amongst the reformers
present that they cried out, "Pull him down, pull him down,"
and were attempting to climb into the pulpit for that purpose,
when a pistol was discharged at him, and a dagger thrown
with considerable violence struck one of the columns supporting
the pulpit.
This incident made way for his preferment, for soon after, in
the following year, he was made Bishop of Bath and \Vells, in
the place of \tVilliam Barlow, who was not recognised as a
bishop by the See of Rome. Bishop Bourne was consecrated
April I, 1554, and shortly afterwards was appointed Lord
President of \Vales. It has been said that these promotions
were in some measure owing to the influence of his uncle, Sir
John Bourne, of Butenhall, in W orcestershire, one of the
principal Secretaries of State.
The ensuing alterations of the first year of the reign of
Elizabeth deprived him of his See, and he was committed for
non-compliance with the new order of things. He was con-
signed to the custody of Gregory Dodds, Dean of Exeter, and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

279

died at Silverton, Sept. 10, 1569, being buried in the church
of that parish at the south side of the altar.
Dr. Bourne was the last Catholic Bishop of Bath and
Wells.
His learning was appreciated in the university, and he had
a high reputation for pulpit eloquence. His careful manage-
ment of the temporalities of his See, which his predecessor left
in a wretched condition, gave great satisfaction.
Dodd, CIt. Hz's!.; Brady, .l!.pisc. Successioll" Lewis, Sanders'
A nglz"can Sckism.

Boville, or Bonvill, Anthony, Father S.J., who used
the alias of Terrill, was son of Humphrey Boville, Esq., and
was born at Canford, co. Dorset, in 162 I, and appears to have
been a convert to the faith. He made his humanity studies at
St. Omer's College, and then entered the English College,
Rome, Dec. 4, 1640. Here he was ordained priest, March 16,
1647, and in the following June entered the Society.
For some years he served the office of Penitentiary at Loretto,
and from thence was called to Florence to fill the Chair of Pro-
fessor of Philosophy. He was afterwards sent to Parma, where
besides philosophy he taught scholastic divinity for four years,
and proceeded from there to Liége, where he directed the
studies and taught theology and mathematics.
It is stated that he was consulted far and near as an oracle
of learning. From 16 Î 1 to 1674 he was Rector of Liège
College, and died there Oct. 1 I, 1676.
Oliver, Collectanea SJ.; Foley, Records SJ., Collec!a1lea.
I. Conclusiones Philosophicæ. Parma, 1657, 12mo.
2. Problema Mathematico-Philosophicum tripartitum. Parma,
1660. 12mo.
3. Fundamentum totius Theologiæ Moralis, seu Tractatus de
Conscientià Probabili. Liége, 1668, 4to" pp. 613.
Ded. to Lord Castlemain; a most useful work.

Bowden, John Edward, Oratorian, was the eldest son of
John William Bowden, M.A. Oxon., author of the" Life and
Pontificate of Gregory VI!.," and of some of the" Tracts for the
Times," by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Swinburne,
Bart., of Capheaton, Northumberland.
He was born in London, April 24, 1829, and educated at

280

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Eton, from 184 I to 1846, when he entered Trinity College,
Oxford.
Here he remained until he became a Catholic in August,
1848. He was received as novice at the Oratory of St.
Wilfrid's, Cotton Hall, Staffordshire, Feb. 2, 1849, and came
to King 'Villiam Street, Strand, with the other Fathers, in
May, 1849.
He was ordained priest in I 852, and died at the Oratory,
Brompton, Dec. 14, 1874.
Browne, Tractarian filoveme1lt,. &c.
I. The Spirit of the Curé d' Ars. Translated from the French
of A. Monnin. Lond. 1865. 32mo,
2. Notes on Doctrinal and Spiritual Subjects by Fr. F. W.
Faber. Edited by J. E. B. Land. 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.
3. The Life and Letters of Frederick William Faber. Lond.
1869. 8vo., with portrait.
4. The Spiritual Works of Louis of Blois. Edited by J. E. B.
Lond. 187 I. 8vo.
5. Thoughts on some Passages of Holy Scripture by a Layman.
Translated from the French. Lond. 1872. 8vo.

Bowdon, Joseph, D.D., was born Aug. 2, 1778, and was
sent to Sedgley Park School, in Staffordshire, in 1790. After
remaining here five years, he proceeded to the school then
recently founded by Dr. Bew at Oscott, but with no intention
of embracing the ecclesiastical state, and he left in the follow-
ing year.
The two succeeding years were spent at home, during which
he resolved to study for the Church, and accordingly entered
St. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green, where he was ordained
priest in I 805. After serving the missions of Mawley and
Long Birch he was appointed spiritual director at Sedgley
Park in 1808. On March 12, 1836, he succeeded to the Pre-
sidency of that establishment, the oldest existing Catholic
school in England, which he retained until his death, Dec. 4,
1844, aged 66.
His management was most successful, and he was the
greatest benefactor the school ever possessed. He received
his degree in divinity by special diploma from the Holy See in
18 44.
Husellbeth, Hist. Sedgley Park
. ditto, Life of Mgr.
fVeedall.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

28I

I. Funeral Sermon preached by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth,
D.D., on the Rev. Dr. Bowdon, President of Sedgley Park.
\Volverhampton, 8vo. 1844.
Bowes, Marmaduke, martyr, a gentleman of ancient
lineage residing at Angram Grange, near Appleton, in Cleve-
land, was hanged at York, Nov. 26, 1585, for having enter.
tained in his house a priest, Hugh Taylor, who suffered with
him on the same day. Mr. Leonard Brakenbury, a Yorkshire
attorney, affirms that Mr. Bowes was condemned only for
having given the priest a cup of beer at his door.
Mr. John Ingoldby, counsellor-at-law, in another MS., states
that, having heard of Mr. Taylor's arrest, Mr. Bowes rode over
to York while the assÍzes were on, to try and obtain his
release, and, as soon as he had dismounted from his horse,
without pulling off his boots, he went straight to the Castle
yard, to speak in the priest's behalf. But being questioned as
regards himself, he was at once apprehended, tried, and con.
demned, under the statute lately made against harbouring or
relieving priests, upon the accusation of one IVlartin Harrison.
The Earl of Huntington, a bitter persecutor of the Catholics,
was then President of the North, and Laurence Mears, one of
the Council, was the judge. Some say Mr. Bowes was hanged
in his boots and spurs. It seems that he had previously,
though a Catholic in his heart, outwardly conformed to the
religion of the times.
Cllalloner, .l/lemoirs.

Bowes, Richard, priest, confessor of the faith, was one of
the vicars at Ripon Minster when the Earls rose in Dec. 15 6 9,
and never after would do any Protestant service or go to the
Established Church.
Driven from place to place, he was at last seized, after many
years, and committed to York Castle, where he died Aug. 3 I,
I59 0 .
Morris, Troubles, Third Series; Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii.

Bowes, Robert, alias Lane, priest, was born at or near
Arundel, in Sussex, in Aug. 1673. He was sent to Douay,
where he took the college oath, Jan. 9, 1690. Four years later
his brother Stephen joined him, who, after teaching classics for
some time, was ordained in March, 1703, and became chaplain

282

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

in the family of the Fowlers at St. Thomas's, from whence he
removed in 1712 to that of Lady Sussex, where he died sud.
denly in the following year. A third brother, it is thought,
was Stanislaus Bowes, son of Stephen Bowes, of Sussex, and
Mary Stokes his wife, who was admitted into the English
College at Rome, March 12, 1707, aged 27, where he was
ordained priest two years later, and died of a malignant fever
Oct. I I, 17 I O.
Having finished his course at Douay, Robert Bowes was
ordained priest at Tournay, and left the college in company
with Hugh Tootell, the celebrated historian (better known
under the pseudonym of Charles Dodd), in l\:'Iay, 1698.
Hathrop, near Fairford, in Gloucestershire, the seat of Sir J.
Webb, was the place assigned for his residence. In 17 I 6 he
was urged to go to the nuns at Bruges as their director, but he
excused himself, and remained where he was until a short
time before his death, which took place at Bath, Dec. I 5, I 735.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, Archieþisc. Archives,
Vestm.,. Doual'
Diaries; Foley, Rccords SJ.,o Roman Diary.
I. Practical Reflections for Every Day throughout the Year.
This went through many editions. The fifth was edited with a Preface
by the Rev. Mr. Crathorne, a contemporary with Mr. Bowes at Douay.
A New and Improved Edition was published by the Rev. Edw. Peach,
Dublin, 1853, Svo., with a short life of the Author. The original MS. was
formerly at Hathrop.
Bowles, Robert, a gentleman volunteer in the King's
army, killed at Basing House during the Civil War.
Castle11laill, Cath. Apology.

Bowyer, Sir George, seventh Bart., Barrister-at-Law,
D.C.L., was the eldest son of Sir George Bm,,-,yer, Bart., of
Radley House, by Anne Hammond, daughter of Sir Andrew
Snape Douglas, R.N., and was born in 181 I. He was educated
at Oxford, where he subsequently took his degree of D.C.L.
He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1839, and
appointed Reader in 1850. In the previous year he unsuc-
cessfully contested Reading in the Liberal interest, and it was
in 1850 that his conscientious following of the Tractarian
movement resulted in his conversion to the Church. Two
years later, in I 852, he obtained a seat in Parliament as
member for Dundalk, which he held until 1868.

(

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

283

After a retirement of five years from parliamentary life, he
was returned for \tVe x ford, in I 873, and retained his seat
until 1880.
In 1860 he succeeded to the title on the death of his father,
who, it is interesting to note, had published a work at Oxford,
in 1813, on the Catholic Question, entitled" The Resolution of
the House of Commons in the last Session of the late Parlia-
ment, relative to the adjustment of the claims of the Roman
Catholics, considered."
For years Sir George stood forward as a representative
Catholic, and in days gone by, when the Press was practically
closed to the defenders of the Church, the name of Sir George
Bowyer was familiar to the readers of the Times, and his pen
was never more vigorously used than when he was championing
the faith.
As an international jurist he had a great reputation, and
his books have been long recognised as authorities by the
profession.
In reward for his services to the Church, Pius IX. conferred
upon him the Grand Collar of the Constantinian Order of
St. George of Naples, and the Grand Cross of the Order of
St. Gregory the Great, and also created him a Knight Com.
mander of the Order of Pius IX.
Sir George was the founder of the Church of St. John of
Jerusalem in Great Ormond Street, and he was a Knight of the
Order of Malta.
He was never marrjed, and died at his chambers in the
Temple, June 7, 1883, aged 72.
Tablet, June 9, I 883 ; Burke, Baronetage; A llibone, Bib.
Diet.,. &c.
I. A Dissertation on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy; and
a translation of the pleading of P. Farinacio in defence of
Beatrice Cenci and her relatives. With Notes. Lond.1838. 8vo.,
pp. 115.
Farinacio's argument is a remarkable piece of pleading.
2. The English Constitution: a popular Commentary on the
Constitutional Law of England. Lond. 1841, 12mo.; 2nd Edit. 184 1 ,
roy. 8vo.
This excellent work is a collection, with expositions and continuation,
of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain to constitutional law.
3. Commentaries on the Modern Civil Law. Lond. 1848. roy.8vo.
4. Lombardy, the Pope, and Austria. Lond.1848. 8vo.
5. The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New

28 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Hierarchy. Lond. 1850, 8vo., which went through four editions in that
year, the later ones with additions.
6. Two Readings delivered in the Middle Temple Hall. Lond.
1850. 8vo.
7. Readings delivered before the Hon. Society of the Middle
Temple, in 1850, on Canon Law. Lond. 1851. roy.8vo.
8. The Roman Documents, relating to the New Hierarchy,
with an argument. Lond. 1851. 8vo.
9. Observations on the arguments of Dr. Twiss respecting the
New Roman Catholic Hierarchy. Lond.I851. 8vo.
10. Commentaries on Universal Public Law. Lond. 1854.
roy.8vo.
In this the author laboriously won his reputation as a profound civilian, a
critical canonist, and an industrious investigator of foreign and European
law. His industry spread itself over every province of modern and ancient
law.
I I. The differences between the Holy See and the Spanish
Government. Reprinted from the "Dublin Review." Lond.,
Derby (pr.) 1856. 8vo.
12. Rome and Sardinia. Reprinted from the" Dublin Review."
Lond., Derby (pr.) 1856. 8vo.
13. Speech delivered during the Debate on the "Treaty of
Peace." (Lond. 1856.) 8vo.
14. Friends of Ireland in Council-Sir George Bowyer, W. H.
Wilberforce, J. P. Hennessey. Lond. (1864). 4to.
IS. The Private History of the Creation of the Roman Catholic
Hierarchy in England. A letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of
Stanhope. Lond. 1868. 8vo.
16. Of the Creation of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy in
England. A letter to Earl Stanhope. Second Edition, with
Additional Facts. Lond. 1868. 8vo.
17. Four Letters, reprinted from the" Times," on the Appellate
Jurisdiction of the House of Lords and the New Court of Appeal.
Lond. 1873. 8vo.
18. Introduction to the study and use of the Civil Law, and to
Commentaries on the Modern Civil Law. Lond.1874. 8vo.

Boxall, John, D.D., was born at Bramshoot, in Hamp.
shire, and educated, first at Winchester School, and then at
New College, Oxford, where he took his degrees and was
created D.D. He remained in retirement during the reign of
Edward VI., but when Queen Mary ascended the throne he
was made a Prebendary of Winchester, Archdeacon of Ely,
\Varden of Winchester, and Under-Secretary of State. When
the most eloquent divines were chosen to preach against the
doctrines of the Reformers at St. Paul's Cross, Dr. Boxall
was one of the number, together with Dr. Bourne and Dr.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

28 5

Pendleton. Historians differ as to the story of the dagger
thrown at one of the Queen's preachers at St. Paul's Cross.
Some say it happened to Pendleton, others to Boxall, but John
Stow tells us in his Chronicles that Dr. Bourne was the person.
In I 557 Dr. Boxall was made Dean of Peterborough, in the
place of James Carthop, deceased, and on the 20th of the
following December he was made Dean of Norwich, on
Dr. Christopherson's promotion to the See of Winchester. His
next preferment was the Deanery of vVindsor, followed by that
of Registrar of the Garter.
In the beginning of Elizabeth's reign he was deprived of all
his dignities, and confined in the Archbishop of Canterbury's
palace at Lambeth, together with Thirlby, Bishop of Ely, and
Tunstal, Bishop of Durham. Soon after he had a fever, and
was permitted to remove to the house of a kinsman in London,
where he recovered, and afterwards, it is said, was allowed to
remain a prisoner at large, though he died at Lambeth,
March 4, 1571.
His character was universally respected. Even Lord Bur-
leigh gives a public testimonial of his virtue, learning, and
modesty, in his book entitled "The Execution of Justice in
England."
Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, under whose supervision
he was a prisoner, describes him in his book" De Eccl. Brit."
as a man of extraordinary qualifications and charming manners.
Dodd, Ch. His!.,. Pitts, De Illus. Angl. Senft. J. Lewis,
Sænders' Anglican Schism.
I. A Sermon in Latin, 1555, is the only one of his works recorded.

Bradford, Richard, a captain in the Royal army, was
killed during the Civil War.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.

Bradley, Richard, Father S.J., confessor of the faith,
was a younger son of James Bradley, of Bryning Hall, co.
Lancaster, by Helen, daughter of Lambert Tyldesley, of Garret
Hall, in Tyldesley, Esq. His father and mother were repeatedly
fined for their recusancy, and his eldest brother, Edward Bradley,
who succeeded to the Bryning estate, was a Captain of Foot in
the Royal army under Sir Thomas Tyldesley, and lost his life
in defence of his Sovereign at the battle of Marston Moor, near

286

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

York. Richard Bradley was born at Bryning in 1605, and in
1622- 3 he entered the Society of Jesus, and, having passed
through much active and dangerous service as Camp Missioner
to the English and Irish forces in Belgium, was sent to the
English mission, and quickly fell into the hands of the pur-
suivants of the rebel Parliament. He was thrust into the gaol
at Manchester, where he anticipated a glorious martyrdom
upon the public gallows by dying from his sufferings in his
foul prison, July 20 or 30, 1645, aged 40.
He appears to have been always engaged in the Lancashire
district.
. Foley, Records SJ., vols. ii. and vii.; Gillow, Lancashire
Recusallts, M S S.

Bradshaigh, Edward, a Carmelite friar, in religion Elias
à Jesu, was the fourth son of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh Hall,
near Wigan, in Lancashire, Esq., and Anne, daughter of Chris-
topher Anderton, of Lostock Hall, Esq.
Three of his brothers were Jesuits, Richard, Thomas, and
Peter, who used the alias of Barton, and one, Christopher, was
a secular priest. He had also two sisters nuns in the Order of
Poor Clares at Gravelines.
The family was one of the most ancient and honourable in
Lancashire, and is now represented by the Earl of Crawford
and Balcarres, of Haigh Hall.
It has been assumed by Bro. Foley (" Records S.J.," vol. i.
p. 228, and" Roman Diary") that Edward Bradshaigh was iden-
tical with his namesake who entered the English College,
Rome, at the age of twenty, in 1623, and left for the English
mission, in 1630, two years after he was ordained priest.
I t is more probable, however, that they were cousins, for, ac-
cording to the "Bibliotheca Carmelitana," Edward Bradshaigh's
education was intrusted at an early age to the Cassinese Bene-
dictines, and he afterwards studied philosophy at Paris. In
16 I 9 he }Jined the Discalced Carmelites in Belgium, where he
was professed on the 4th of July in that year. About 1626 he
was sent to England, where he laboured with indefatigable zeal
until he fell into the hands of the pursuivants, who brought
him before the Archbishop of Canterbury and accused him of
being a priest.
After a strict examination he was thrown into prison, where

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

287

he remained for some time under great hardships, which he
endured with patience and fortitude. At length, by the inter-
cession of friends, and more especially the King of Spain, he
was liberated and shortly afterwards banished to France, and
was received by his brethren at Paris, where he discharged the
office of Reader until 1632. He then returned to England, by
the order of his superior, and resided with his father's family at
Haigh Hall, Here he sedulously visited the poor, whom he
comforted with religious advice and the sacraments, always
travelling on foot, and it is related that he made many
converts.
Towards the close of his life he was allowed to rest from his
apostolic labours in order to devote his time to the study of
English antiquities and the examination of libraries, from
which he collected the materials for his works.
He died most piously, after receiving the last sacraments, at
Benfold, in Flint, Sept. 25, 1652.
Bibliotheca Carmelitmza, A'llriliallis J' Bradsltaigk Pedigree,
Piccope .1JlS S., Clte/ltam Lib.,. PalatiJZe lVole-Book, 1881.
I. De antiquis Monachis lnsularum Britanniæ, sub primi.
tiva Ecclesia viventibus. MS.
In 1668, this work was preserved in the Carmelite residence in London.
2. Angliæ Sanctæ et Catholicæ: seu, Vitæ sanctorum Bri.
tannorum veterum et recentiorum Anglorum, atque etiam
exterorum, qui olim ad Ecclesiam et Nationem Anglicanam
spectabant, Hagiologium Alphabeticum. Tomus tertius hujus
operis, ubi comprehenduntur vitæ sanctorum minorum gentium
juxta ordinem alphabeticum, quorum festa et dies obitus ignor.
antur, in libros sex divisus. Una cum vindiciis eorumdem sanc.
torum, qui ab aliis injuste a nobis auferuntur, et aliis nationibus
ascribuntur. Auctore D. V. Edwardo Bradshaw, de Mancestria,
Anglo, Sacræ Theologiæ Candidato, Catholico Romano. MS.
This work was probably lost at the breaking up of the Carmelite house
in London, where it was apparently preserved in 1669.
A correspondent to Dunton's Athenian Mercury, No. 29, vel. vi., 1692,
sent the title as above to the editor, describing the MS. as a large quarto,
about five inches thick, then in his possession.
3. Virginialia, or Spiritual Sonnets in praise of the most
glorious Virgin Marie. Printed with Licence. 1632. 4to.
Though not recorded in the" Bibliotheca Carmelitana," this work may
with strong probability be ascribed to Elias à J esu.
Bradshaigh, Richard, Father S.J., who used the alias
of Barton, was the third son of Roger Bradshaigh, of Haigh
Hall, Lancashir
, Esq., by Anne, daughter of Christopher

288

BILIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Anderton, of Lostock Hall, Esq. He was born in 1601-2,
and, after studying his humanities at St. Omer's College, was
admitted into the English College, Rome, Oct. 4, 1623. In
1625 he entered the Society of Jesus, probably at St. Andrew's,
Rome.
After serving in the Lancashire mission, he was declared
Rector of the College of Liège, in 1642. He had previously
been Minister, Procurator, Consultor, &c., at St. Omer's College.
In 1655 he was at Paris acting as Procurator of the English
Province. He was declared Provincial in 1656, and filled the
office until 1660.
In that year he was appointed Rector of St. Omer's College,
in which office he died Feb. 13, 1669, aged 67.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. i. p. 228 ; Roman Diary, Collectallea;
Dodd, Certamell lttriusque J. Bradshaigh Pedigree, Piccope M S S.,
Chetham Lib.
I. On the Nullity of the Protestant Ordinations.
vVhich elicited from Dr. Bramhall, Archbp. of Armagh, "The Consecra-
tion and Succession of Protestant Bishops justified," J658.
Dr. Oliver," Collectanea S.] .," doubts the authorship of this treatise
because Southwell, Bib. Script. Soc. ] esu, is silent on the subject. Dodd,
however, is more probably correct in assigning it to Fr. Bradshaigh, who is
termed ,. a great scholar, lived at Paris 1647," in the Bradshaigh Pedigree.
2. In the" Stonyhurst MSS. Anglia," vol. v. nn. 45-57, are some very
interesting letters written by him in 1659-60, upon English affairs, of which
extracts are given in his biography, "Records S.].," vol. i.

Bramston, James Yorke, D.D., Bishop of Usulæ and
V.A. of the London district, was born in March, 1753. He
was originally a Protestant and a lawyer, but after his conver.
sion went to the English College at Lisbon, where he remained
for eight years, and was ordained priest. Returning to England,
he was appointed to a mission in the Midland district, but he
subsequently joined the London district, and, in 1802, was one
of the priests at St. George's-in-the-Fields, Surrey.
Bishop Poynter made him his Vicar-General in 1812, and
three years later applied to the Pope to give him Dr. Bramston
as coadjutor. Eventually this request was acceded to, and was
decreed by Propaganda and approved by the Pope, with the
right of succession to Dr. Poynter, in Jan. 1823, He was
consecrated Bishop of Usulæ Ùt þartz"bus, June 29, 1823.
Dr. Poynter died on Nov. 26, 1827, and Dr. Bramston
succeeded to the London Vicari a te, but, as he was then

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

28 9

advanced in years, he applied for a coadjutor, and was granted,
in the following year, Dr. Gradwell, then Rector of the English
College, Rome. Dr. Grad well, however, died in 1833, and
Dr. Griffiths was appointed in his place, with the right of suc-
cession. Dr. Bramston dicd July I I, 1836, at Golden Square,
London, and was buried in the Clergy Vault in Moorfie1ds
Church.
His age is represented as 74, but there is some question of
his being much older.
JìIa:::Ùre Brady, Epis, Succession.
I. He published a sermon as a New Year's Gift in the " Laity's Directory"
from I 828 to 1836.
2. Pastorals.
3. Portrait, the R. R. Dr. Brarnston, V.A. of the London District;
\V. Derby, pinx., H. Robinson, sc. Lond. pub. Feb. 1828, by J. Appleby, 4to.
Another, oval, \V. Holl, sculp., appeared in the "Laity's Directory"
for 1837, with l\lernoir.

Branton, Stephen, a citizen of York, suffered about
eighteen years' cruel imprisonment for the faith. first at the
Kidcote, Ousebridge, and then at Hull Castle. Being unable
to find so much rent as was demanded by his gaoler, John
Bisbie, in the Castle, he was carried by him to the North
Block-house, and there confined for a long time in a low cell
by himself. He was subsequently removed from the care of
Bisbie to the South Block-house, Hull, under the tyrant Haw-
cock, the gaoler, where he remained several years.
Ultimately he was removed, with many other suffercrs for the
faith, to York Castle, where he died July 19, 159 I.
lì1"orris, Troubles, Third Series
. Fole}', Records SJ., vol. iii.

Bredstock, William, a gentleman of \Vorcestershire, was
a great sufferer for the faith. In I 588 his house was violently
assaulted by pursuivants, who knocked his wife down, and on
his coming to her rescue, as she lay on the ground, was set
upon by these miscreants, who pinioned his arms, bound his
legs under a horse's belly, and so carried him to \Vorcester
Gaol. This happcned on Good Friday, to the great consola-
tion of the confessor, for he was reminded by the manner of
his own progress through the country guarded by many men-
at-arms whom the pursuivants had raised in the Queen's name,
of our Saviour's sad passage and ill-usage on that day, and so
VOL. I. U

290

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

rejoiced that he did something to imitate it. He died in
Worcester Gaol, in 1590, through the corrupt air of his noisome
lodging, leaving behind him his constant wife and four children,
the eldest not twelve years old, and nothing to keep them upon,
for he had been despoiled of all his property.
lIforris, Troubles, Tkird Series; Fole)', Records SJ., vol. iii.
Brereley, John, vide Lawrence Anderton.

Brett, Arthur, a gentleman of good estate, and a courtier
in the reign of Charles I., was chosen to represent the English
Catholics on a mission to Rome in 1635, and, on the other
hand, Count Cartagena was appointed by the Holy See to
proceed to England on the same business.
Mr. Brett's commission was, with the connivance of Charles I.,
who gave him private instructions concerning the restitution of
the Palatinate, a dispensation for the marriage of the King of
Poland with a daughter of the Palatinate, and some proposal
relative to mitigating the oath to be taken by Catholics.
The commission, however, was frustrated by misfortunes
which singularly occurred to both the agents. Mr. Brett,
having embarked, was driven back by a storm, and died shortly
after of fever, and Count Cartagena was detained by an inunda- .
tion at Ravenna, where he held an official position, and in con-
sequence was obliged to remain. Subsequently, however, new
agents were appointed, Mr. Hamilton, a Scotch gentleman, to
represent England, and another Scotchman, l\1r. Con, to be the
nominee of the Holy See.
Dodd, Cll. His!.; Pau:::a71i's jWemoirs.

Brett, Richard, a gentleman volunteer in the King's service,
killed during the Civil \Var.
CastlemaÍ1z, Cath. AþologJ"

Brettargh, Richard, priest, was the son of 1\1r. Richard
Brettargh, of Ince, steward to the Blundell family, by his wife
Helen Eccles. The family was descended from the Brettarghs
of Brettargh Holt, in Little W oolton, near Liverpool, and at the
commencement of last century two members of the junior
branch were fined for their recusancy; Edward Brettargh, of
Heath Charnock, convicted at Ormskirk, July 22, 1700, and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

29 1

Jonathan Brettargh, of Ulnes Walton, convicted at Lancaster,
April 30, 1717.
Mr. Brettargh was born at Ince, where his father was held
in high esteem, June 2 I, 1765, and after a preliminary educa.
tion, in all probability at Mr. Bordley's school at Aughton,
he was sent to the English College at St. Omer, where he
was ordained priest, and was appointed a Professor. During
the terrible events of the Frcnch Revolution, the College
of St. Omer was seized by the Republicans, and the professors
and students thrown into prison. Eventually they were con-
fined at Dourlens, where Mr. Brettargh sank under the hard-
ships of his imprisonment, July 24, 1794. His body was
conveyed by strangers to the public cemetery outside the town,
and there buried without any ceremony, none of his friends
being permitted to attend his funeral.
Gillow, Lanc. Recltsallts, Jl;JS S.

Brewer, Henry Anselm, a.S.B., was the only son of
Henry Brewer, Esq., of Ribbleton Lodge, near Preston, and
was born Oct. 10, 1792.
He was sent by his uncle, Dr. John Bede Brewer, O.S.B., to
the monastery at Lambspring, and after its suppression he
went to Ampleforth in 1803, where he was professed, Oct. 25,
181 I, and ordained priest in Advent, 18 16.
His missionary career commenced at St. Mary's, Liverpool,
in I 8 I 9, whence he was transferred to Brownedge, near Preston,
in 1822, where he built the church which was opened in 1827.
He was appointed Provincial of the North Province in May,
1837, which dignity he held until 1846, when he left the
mission of Brownedge for Liverpool, where he died May 15,
I 849.
Benedictinc A1l1lals, .1J;lS S.
I. The Layman's Afternoon Devotions, on all Sundays and
Holy-Days throughout the Year, with short Prayers proper for
the Benediction of the Holy Sacrament of the Altar. To which
is now added The Litanies and Night Prayers; as used at the
Brown-Edge, Ormskirk, and Warrington Catholic Chapel. A
new Edition corrected and improved. Preston, 1820. IZffiO.

Brewer, John Bede, a.S.B., D.D., was born at
Ribbleton Lodge, near Preston, Lancashire, where his family
U 2

29 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

held an honourable position, in I 742. He was professed at
Dieulward in 1758.
In 1771 he went to Paris to be confessor to the English
Benedictine nuns, and took the Doctor's degree, April 13, 1774.
He was sent to the mission in the South Province in 1776, at
Cheam, Surrey, but was transferred in the same year to Bath.
Encouraged by the relaxation of the penal laws, two years
after his appointment, he decided on erecting a chapel in St.
J ames's Parade, the one at Beltre House being both inconvenient
and inadequate for its purpose. The new edifice was announced
to be opened for public worship on Sunday, June I I, 1780,
but on Friday, the 9th, delegates from Lord George Gordon's
No-Popery Association had so inflamed the fanaticism of
the mob, that it was utterly demolished, as well as the presby-
tery in Bell-tree Lane, and the registers, diocesan archives, and
Bishop Walmesley's library and valuable 1VISS. perished
irrecoverably in the flames.
The Doctor, himself, nearly fell a victim to the savage fury
of the rioters; he was pursued through several streets, was
denied admission by two of the principal inns, and even the
Town Hall, but eventually found refuge in the Greyhound Inn,
and escaped by a back door. The ringleader of this moh,
John Butler, was convicted as an incendiary at the following
vVells Assizes, and was executed on Aug. 28, 178 I. An
action for damages was brought against the Hundred of Bath,
at Taunton, March 30, 178 I, and Dr. Brewer recovered
:f, 3,734 19 s . 6d.
He left Bath in this year for the North Province, and subse.
quently was stationed at Woolton, near Liverpool. In 1798
he became President of the Order, on the death of President
Cowley, and in 1818 went to reside at Ampleforth College.
He retained the office of President until his death, aged 79, at
vVoolton, April 18, 1822, and was buried at Peel Street Chapel,
Liverpool.
Dr. Oliver regards him as a learned and brilliant ornament
of the Benedictine Congregation.
Oliver, Collections
. Snow, Be1Zed. iVecrology.
1. Religionis Naturalis et Revelatæ Principia. Lond. 1774,
3 vols.
This was the second edition of Nathaniel Hooke's work, enriched with
several dissertations.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

293

Briant, Ale:x:ander, Father S.J., martyr, was born in
Somersetshire, in 155 I or 1553. He entered Hart's Hall,
Oxford, in 1574, and was a pupil of Fr. Robert Persons there.
After his conversion to the faith, he left the University, passed
over to the English College, then at Rheims, where he was
ordained priest, March 29, 1578. He was sent back to the
English mission in Aug. 1579, with twenty other priests in the
same year, of whom four became martyrs. His labours were
in his native county, where he reconciled to the faith the
father of his old master, Fr. Robert Persons. His career was a
very brief one, for he was seized by a party of pursuivants, who
were really in search for Fr. Persons, April 28, 158 I, and was
carried off to the Compter Prison in London, from whence he
was removed to the Tower, and there most inhumanly tortured,
besides being nearly starved to death by hunger and cold.
Needles were thrust under his nails, and his body was disjointed
and torn by the rack. Nevertheless, so powerfully was he
consoled and supported by the grace of God, that he laughed
at his tormentors. He was subjected to the horrible torture úf
the instrument nicknamed (I the Scavenger's Daughter." Two
years previously he had entertained the desire of becoming a
Jesuit, but deferred it on account of his occupations in the
mission, which could not be conveniently interrupted.
He penned from his cell a- hasty but beautiful letter to the
Jesuit Fathers in England, shortly before his execution, begging
the favour of admission) which was granted. On Nov. 16,
158 I, he was arraigned in the Queen's Bencb, Westminster,
with six other priests, tried, convicted, and condemned to death
for high treason, under the statute of 27 Eliz., and suffered
at Tyburn on Dec. I, following.
He was but twenty-eight years of age when he suffered.
He is described as a man of angelical beauty, both of soul and
body, and was styled by the Oxonians (I the beautiful Oxford
youth," and even after all the tortures he had undergone, his
extraordinary beauty is said to have greatly attracted the people
at his execution.
Foley, Records Sf., vol. iv., and Collectmzea / Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Exemplar literarum a Sacerdote quodam A. B. . . . ad
Patres Societatis Jesu (requesting that he might be admitted into the
Society of Jesus), published in "De Persecutione Anglicana Commentariolus,"
[1582], 121110.

294

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

2. Copia d'una Lettera gia scritta dal sacerdote A. Brianto alii
Padri della Compagnia di Gesu in Inghilterra, published in "Della
.Persecutione di Catolici nel regno d'Inghilterra," 1582, 12mo.
3. Exemplar litter arum a Sacerdote quodam (A. B.) intra
turrim Londinensem concluso ad fratres Societatis Jesu in
Anglia degentes-see "De Persecutione Anglicana Epistola," &c., 1582,
16mo.
Again, in Dutch or German, 1583, 8vo.
4. A True Reporte of the Death and Martyrdome of M.
(Edmund) Campion, Jesuite and Prieste, and M. (Rodulph)
Sherwin, and M. (Alexander) Bryan, Preistes at Tiborne, Dec. 1,
1581. Observed and written by a Catholic Priest, which was
present thereat. Whereunto is annexed certayne Verses made
by Sundrie Persons, s.l. aut anno 16mo. A-G ii., 26 ff., which was
elicited by Ant. Munday's" Discovery of Edmund Campion and his Con-
federates," Lond. 1582. It was probably edited by Thomas Pound, who
composed the verses with Henry \Yalpole and Vallenger, and the latter
was condemned in the Star Chamber to lose his ears in the pillory for
printing it.
I t is remarkable that Pound does not term the martyr a Jesuit.
5. Portrait, Alexander Briantus Soc. Jesu, Londini pro Fide
Catholica suspensus et sectus, 1 Decem. 1581. 16mo.
6. A very full biography, with a photo-portrait, is given by Bro. Foley,
"Records S.J.," vol. iv. pp. 343-3 6 7.

Bridge, George, Steward at Oscott College.
I. Treatise on the Nature and Cultivation of Mangel Wurzel;
with practical observations on the Method and Utility of
Steaming Food for Cattle. Birmingham, 1828. 8vo., pp. 4to, folding
illustration.

Bridgewater, John, alias Aquapontanus, was born in
Yorkshire, though belonging to the ancient stock of that name
in Somersetshire. Entering Hart's Hall, Oxford, he removed
to Brazenose College, where, in 1556, he took his M.A. degree,
and was ordained priest. Six years later he became Rector of
Wootton Courtney, diocese of vVells, and in I 563 was elected
Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, and received such great
Church preferments as Archdeacon of Rochester, Canon Resi-
dentiary of Wells, &c.
All these he resigned for conscience' sake, in I 574, and left
Oxford, inducing several of his students to accompany him to
Rheims. From thence he went to Rome, afterwards to
Germany, and was at Triers in 1588 and 1594.
Ribadneira (" Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis J esu ") places
him amongst the writers of the Society, but this is not cor-

OF THE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

95

roborated by subsequent research, and neither Dr. Oliver nor
Bro. Foley have been able to adduce any additional evidence,
or even to find the date of his death.
Collinson, in his " History of Somerset," says that H he was
held in general estimation as a sensible ecclesiastic."
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
. Oliver, Collectiolls" Foky, Records SJ.,
CollectaJlca,. rVood, At/tell. Ozon.
I. Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ in Anglia adversus Calvino-
Papistas et Puritanos sub Elizabetha Regina quorundam homi.
num doctrina et sanctitate illustrium renovata et recognita, &c.,
Augustæ Trevirorum, 1588. 4to., about 850 pp.
This was originally published in a much smaller form in 1583 by Fr. John
Gibbons and Rev. John Fenn. Another edition, "Renovata ac nunc aucta
(by J. Aquapontanus) ad Persecutores Anglos pro Catholicis responsis (by
Card. Allen) Augustæ Trevirorum,'1 3 parts, thick 4to., appeared in 1594. but
it is probably only a reprint of that of 1588, for it carries down the narrative
of events no further than 1587, and is very meagre and imperfect in its
records of the two preceding years. .
I t is a most valuable book, containing notices of more than a hundred
martyrs, and six hundred confessors, exiles, or other sufferers for the faith.
It is largely quoted by Dodd and Lingard, and is a very reliable
authority.
2. Confutatio virulentæ disputationis Theologicæ, in qua
Georgius Sohn Professor Academiæ Heidelbergensis, conatus
est docere Pontmcem Romanum esse ante-Christum a Prophetis
et Apostolis prædictum. Authore Joanne Aquepontano, Theologo
et Sacerdote Catholico. Augustæ Trevirorum
excudebat Henricus
Bolek, 1589. 4to., pp. 123.
A work of Fr. John Gibbons, edited by Dr. Bridgewater.
3. An Account of the Six Articles usually proposed to the
Missioners that suffered in England.
Briggs, John, D.D., Bishop of Beverley, was born in
1789, and was educated at Ushaw College, where he was
ordained priest, July 9, 18 14. He left the College in 18 16,
but, being elected President, returned to Ushaw, l\iarch 28,
1832, and continued to reside there until Aug, I I, 1836. In
1833 he was consecrated Bishop of Trachis, and appointed
coadjutor to Dr. Penswick, V.A. of the Northern district. In
I 836 he succeeded pcr coadjutorialll, and four years later, in
1840, was appointed Vicar-Apostolic of the Yorkshire
district.
On the restoration of the hierarchy in 1850, Dr. Briggs was
translated from Trachis to Beverley. Being in very infirm
health, he resigned his See, Nov. 7, 1860, and died, in his

296

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

seventy.second year, at his house in York, Jan. 4, 186 I. He
was buried in the chapel of St. Leonard, Hazlewood, Tadcaster.
His full-length portrait is at U shaw, and another with a long
inscription is in the possession of the Bishop of Beverley.
.J/;I aziere Brady, Epis. Successioll.
I. Sennons and Pastorals.
2. Portrait, with arms, litho., by Edwin Cocking, pub. by Richmond
& Co., Lond. Imp, fo1.

Brigham, Charles, Rev., was born March 6, 1802, and
was the son of William Brigham, of Brigham and Abberford,
co. York, Esq., by Sarah, daughter of John Cresswell, Esq.
This very ancient family had been seated at Brigham from the
earliest periods, but his father sold the estate, and went to reside
in Manchester, where he died July 22, 1815.
Mr. Brigham was educated and ordained priest at Ushaw
College. He was stationed at Sheffield, and, in the beginning
of 1840, was appointed by Edward Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn
Grange, to the mission of Dodding Green, near Kendal, which
subsequently gave rise to a long dispute with the bishop as to
the right of presentation.
Cath. Directories; Peu1lY Cath. iì1"ag., Feb. 1840; Burke,
La1ldcd GClltry.
I. The Enormities of the Confessional Examined. Lond.1841.
12mo.

Brigham, Nicholas, was a native of Caver sham, in Oxford.
shire, his family claiming descent from the Brighams of York.
shire. He was educated at Hart's Hall, Oxford, and from
thence entered one of the Inns of Court.
In his early youth he indulged his natural genius for
poetry, which he soon laid aside for the more useful stuåies of
law and history. His regard for poetry, however, and in par.
ticular for Sir Geoffrey Chaucer's memory, induced him to
undertake the expense of the restoration of the monument of
that celebrated poet, and its removal to the more conspicuous
place it now holds in Westminster Abbey.
Mr. Brigham died in his prime, Dec. I 5 59, leaving behind
him only a taste of what a longer life might have produced.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Pitts, Dc Illust. Augl. Script.
I. De Venerationibus Rerum memorabilium.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

297

A collection from which John Bale borrowed many materials for his
work" De Script. Majoris Brit."
2. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in twelve books.
3. Miscellaneous Poems.
Brindle, Thomas, D.D., Monsignore, was born at Walton-
Ie-Dale, in Lancashire, Dec. 18, 179 I. His family were
always Catholic, of the yeomanry class, settled at Brindle,
Brownedge, Clayton, Samlesbury, and the neighbourhood, and
suffered considerably for their recusancy in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
At this period the district named was almost entirely served
by the Benedictines, and three or four of the Brindles were
sent to their colleges at Douay and Ampleforth. Thomas
Brindle was sent to the latter, soon after its establishment in
1802, where he took the habit, and was professed, with Mr.
IVletcalf, Oct. 25, 181 I. He was ordained priest in Sept.
18 I 5, and two years later was appointed by the Chapter
assistant to Dr. Baines, of the same Order, to the Benedictine
mission of Bath. vVhen the death of Bishop Collingridge,
which occurred at Cannington, March 3, 1829, was notified to
his coadjutor, Dr. Baines, then at Rome, his lordship, as suc-
cessor to the Western Vicariate, appointed Dr. Brindle to be
the Administrator of the diocese and Grand Vicar until he
could return home. The D
shop further obtained for him
letters of secularization, and, in the summer of 1830, made him
Regent of his newly established college at Prior Park, with the
history of which his name will be ever identified. In Nov.
18 49, Dr. Brindle resigned, and was succeeded as Regent by
Dr. Rooker. He was appointed Vicar-General of the diocese
of Clifton, at the restoration of the hierarchy in 1850, an office
which he held at various periods for twenty-one years, and two
years later he was appointed Provost of the Cathedral
Chapter.
In 1854 Gregory XVI. conferred upon him the distinction
of Domestic Prelate.
He died at Bath, an old man, full of days, in Dec. 187 I,
aged 80.
He was held in veneration by all with whom he came in
contact, and during the Tractarian movement received many
converts into the Church.
0lh1er, Collectiol(s" Tablet, Dec. 23, 187 I.

29 8

DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

. I. Priest and Patriarch: a Sermon preached at the Funeral of
Mgr. Brindle, at St. Mary's, Bath, by the Right Rev. Dr.
Sweeney, O.S.B., Abbot of St. Albans. 1871. 8vo.

Brinkley, Stephen, printer, was a gentleman of good
family, ,\Tho joined the association of Catholic young gentle.
men, founded by George Gilbert, to prepare Protestants for
the faith and then to conduct priests to them, and besides to
procure alms for the common fund out of which the priests
were supplied. The association consisted "of young gentle-
men of great zeal and forwardness in religion," men of birth
and property. without wives or office, and thus free to devote
themselves to the cause. Their promise entailed upon them
great sacrifices; they determined "to imitate the lives of the
apostles, and devote themselves wholly to the salvation of souls
and conversion of heretics." They promised" to content them-
selves with food and clothing and the bare necessaries of their
state, and to bestow all the rest for the good of the Catholic
cause." And their association was solemnly blessed by
Gregory XIII., April 14, 1580.
Such was the society, organized for a purely religious and
ecclesiastical purpose, of which Stephen Brinkley was a
mem ber.
At this period FF. Persons and Campion were busy prepar-
ing their attack on Protestantism, and the necessity for the
establishment of a press for printing answers to the works
which would be sure to swarm against them was apparent.
They found theÏr chief allies amongst the old IVlarian priests--
Chambers, Blackwell, Maurice, Tirwhit, Jury, Norris, and
Birkett-and by their assistance, and the help of the landlord's
son, Persons procured from Mr. Brooks, the owner of a large
and very fair house called Greenstreet, at East Ham, in Essex,
about five miles from London, permission for certain gentle.
men to lodge there.
Thither he conveyed the necessary materials, chiefly by the
assistance of his young friend Stephen Brinkley. But there
the parson and churchwardens had to be encountered, who
urged on the new-comers their duty of going to church. An
incautious purchase of paper also frightened them by the idea
that a clue had been furnished to the discovery of the press.
The first book that issued from this press was probably some

OF THE ENGLISH CA TIIOLICS.

299

book of devotions or of encouragement to persecuted Catholics,
and after it was printed Brinkley took away the press.
It was then set up at Henley Park, the residence of
Francis Browne, the brother of Viscount Montague, who also
offered the use of his books, together with board and service.
Here Persons wrote his "Censure of Charke and Hanmer,"
in three parts, and also printed another book containing his
account of John Nichols the informer, but the press appears then
to have returned to Greenstreet.
The danger of discovery was very great, for though the
works hitherto printed bore the imprint of "DO\\Tay" on their
title. page, yet experts like Norton, to whom the Government
submitted them, reported "the print is done in England."
Brinkley, undaunted, once more offered to provide the press
when Campion's "Decem Rationes" was finished in 158 I,
and sent to London for Persons' approval. l\laurice offered to
procure the other requisites.
I t was known that the Council were torturing and racking
Briant and other prisoners in the Tower to obtain the great
secret where Persons printed his books, and therefore prudence
dictated the removal of the press from Brooks's house.
Another reason was, that Brooks, the father, began to be
anxious about his property. He had been led to suppose that
his tenants were a family of gentlemen; Brinkley had dressed
up his seven workmen in fine clothes, and given them horses,
to make the story appear more likely. But the signs of labour
did not altogether escape the notice of the landlord, who was
unwilling that his house should be used for illegal purposes.
In this state of things one of the workmen, who had been sent to
London to make some necessary purchases, was captured and
tortured; and though nothing could be got out of him, yet the
warning was not lost upon Campion and Persons, who forth-
with transferred the press to a lodge in Dame Cecilia Stonor's
park, near Henley; a place both secret, as being surrounded
with woods, and easily accessible, for the Thames at that
period was a better highway than any road. Here Brinkley
printed the "Decem Rationes" without accident, and from
thence it was in due time dispersed among the Academicians
of Oxford.
In July, 158 I, Campion was arrested at Lyford, and within
a month after, Stonor Park was searched, where Stephen

300

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Brinkley and all his printers were taken, and, with l'Ær. John
Stonor, were imprisoned in the Tower.
After incredible suffering, racking and torturing, Brinkley
was discharged from the Tower, in June, I 583, while his less
fortunate fellow-prisoner, William Carter, who with him is
described in the records of the prisoners in the Tower as a
printer and disseminator of Catholic books, suffered death at
Tyburn shortly afterwards.
He straightway proceeded to Rome with Fr. Persons, where
his name appears in the pilgrim-book of the English College
in the following September.
In the next year Fr. Persons went to live in a house belong-
ing to the Jesuits at Rouen, where George Flinton and Stephen
Brinkley printed his second edition of the " Christian Directory."
Flinton had printed the first edition of this work here in I 58 I.
and on his death shortly after this, Brinkley was able to take
his place and resume his own most useful work as an English
Catholic printer.
The date of the death of this virtuous gentleman is not
recorded.
Simpson, Life of Campio1l, pp. 157, 184,200, 212; Morris,
Troubles, Seco1ld Series.
1. The Exercise of a Christian Life, written in Italian by the
Rev. Fr. Jasper Loarte, D. in Divinity of the Holy Society of
Jesus, newly perused and corrected by the translatour (James
Sancer), dedicated to the Reverend Societie of the name of Jesus,
Paris, 1579, I 2 ffiO. , "Pardon all faultes good Reader and beare with the
Printers of a vulgare tongue in a forreine countrey j" Paris, 1584, I2mo.,
woodcuts, "with certaine very devout exercises and prayers added thereunto
more then was in the first edition," and a sonnet to the Christian Reader by
V. R. Fr. Persons spells Brinkley's assumed name "Sanker," and it was
perhaps so pronounced. Gee, in his" Foot out of the Snare," 1624, records
the book with the initials S. B., so that it probably went through other
editions.

Bristow, Richard, D.D., was born in Worcester in 1538.
His parents, being in a good position, were able to give their
son a liberal education at Oxford, where he was entered a
scholar in 1555, proceeded B.A. in 1559, and M.A. June 26,
1562, being at that time a member of Christ Church. Mr.
Bristow and Mr. Campion were at this time the two brightest
men in the University, and accordingly they were chosen for
the public disputation held before Queen Elizabeth, Sept. 3,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 01

15 66 , which was received with great applause. J\ir. Bristow
was afterwards, in July, 1567, admitted a Fellow of Exeter
College, through the interest of Sir William Petre, who intended
to have promoted him further had he not become suspected
as to his religious tendency, of which he gave plain proof in
the controversy he held with Dr. Laurence Humphrey, whom
he attacked with remarkable success on certain points of religion.
Throwing up the brilliant career held out to him, he left the
University and retired to Louvain, and when Dr. Allen had
conceived the idea of establishing the English College at Douay,
:Mr. Bristow was invited to join him, in I 569, and pursue his
theological studies. He passed through several degrees at the
University at Douay, and was created Doctor, Aug. 3, 1579.
Iv1uch of the success attending the early years of the English
College is due to the able manner in which Dr. Allen was
supported by Dr. Bristow. He was the President's right hand
upon all occasions. He was Prefect of Studies, he read a
lecture on Scripture for an hour every day, and sometimes he
had to assume the President's place in his absence. Meantime
his mother, with her five children, a nephew, and a niece, came
over from Engiand, as also his brother, a layman, who being a
good economist was employed by the college in looking after
its affairs.
Considering Dr. Bristow's weak constitution, it was sur-
prising that he was able to undergo the continual fatigue of
reading and teaching, and writing and publishing his contro-
versial works. The pains he took in his labours at length
brought on an illness-a consumption, for which his physicians
advised him to take a journey to Spa, which resulted in very
little benefit. Then it was thought that his own native air might
contribute to his recovery, and he accordingly set out for Eng

land, Sept. 23, I 58 I, where he was entertaincd by Mr. Jerome
Bellamy, at his seat at Harrow-on-the-Hill, near London, but
he died shortly after his arrival, Oct. 18, 158 I, aged 43.
His death was a general loss to the cause, as well as to the
College at Douay, for, according to the character given to
him in its records, he might rival Allen in prudence, Stapleton
in acumen, Campion in eloquence, \Vright in theology, and
Martin in languages.
Dodd, Ch. Hist... DOllay Diaries,. IVood, Athell. O;;on. and
Hist. aJzd A lztiq. Ulliv. O;;01Z.

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. A briefe Treatise of diverse plaine and sure wayes to finde
out the truthe in this doubtful and dangerous time of Heresie
conteyning sundry worthy motives unto the Catholike faith, or
Considerations to move a man to beleve the Catholikes, and not
the Heretikes, Antverpiæ, Johannem Foulerum, Anglicani, 1574, 12mo.,
running title h :\Iotives to the Catholike Faith," generally known by the title
of" Bristow's :\Iotives," title I f., preface, I I ff., ff. 176, table, ff. 8.; reprinted
Antwerp, 1599, 16mo. He translated it into Latin, and after his death it was
edited by Dr. Thos. \Vorthington, with a short life of the author, under the
title" Richardi Bristoi, Vigornensis, eximii suo tempore sacræ Theologiæ
Doctoris et Professoris, Motiva omnibus Catholicæ doctrinæ orthodoxis
cultoribus pernecessaria," Atrebati, 1608, 4to., two vols. in one; Duaci, 1608,
4to. It was again published in English under the title of" Motives inducing
to the Catholicke Faith" (Douay?) 3rd edit. 1641, 12mo.
Card. Allen says, in his approbation of the first edition (dated April 30,
1574), "This treatise written in the English tongue by my loving friend
Rich:lrd Bristou, Licentiat in Divinitie, conteining with great perspicuitie,
order, and art, divers most excellent marks whereby to discerne in Religion
the true judgement of the Catholike Church from the false vanitie of the
Heretikes : is in all pointes Catholike, learned, and worthy to be read and
printed, which alone, if my country most 5weete unto me wil earnestly and
diligently reade it wil mervaile that from the grounded faith of al times,
nations, and Doctors, it can be removed by so few, so new-risen, so busie, so
evil, 50 unlearned felowes, and so at variance amongst themselves." I twas
for having this book bound for him, that James Duckett, a bookseller, was
condemned to death, and executed at Tyburn, April 19, 1601.
Scattered up and down through the volume are curious scraps of personal
history which one would hardly expect to find there.
It led to a controversy with Dr. \Yill. Fulke, of Cambridge, and several
books were published.
2. Demaundes to bee proposed of Catholickes to the Heretickes
by Richard Bristow, Priest and Doctor of Divinitie. Taken
partely out of his late Englishe booke of Motives to the
Catholicke faith, parteley out of his intended Latin book of the
same matter, s.l. et an. sm. 12mo., A. to F. pp. 140, Black Letter. At the
back of the title is the following, "Hic libellus est Catholicus, elegans
apprime utilis et prælo degnus. Ita Testor Gulielmus Alanus S. Theol.
Duaci Professor Regius." This is apparently the work of which the Douay
Diary says (p. 102) that the heretics had seized the first edition of the
Motives and then the author wrote an epitome of them. This is under date
March, 1576, when thc work seems to have issued from the press.
It is generally called" The Fifty-one Demands," and was reprinted, Lond.
1592, 4to., perhaps a Protestant edition, which elicited, "To the Seminary
Priests late come over, &c. Answer to Dr. Bristow's 5 I Demands," Lond.
159 2 .
3. Tabula in Summam Theologicam S. Thomæ Aquinatis,
1579.
4. A Reply to William Fulke in Defence of M.D. Allen's Scrole
of Articles and Booke of Purgatorie. Perused and Allowed by

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 0 3

me, Th. Stapleton. Louvaine, 1580, 4to" pp. 415. \Vhich elicited" A
Rejoinder to Bristow's Reply in Defence of Allen's Scrowle of Articles and
Book of Purgatory. By \Villiam Fulk." Lond. 1581. 8vo.
5. He was concerned in the Translation of the Old and New Testaments,
and wrote many of the Commentaries in the latter.
6. Veritates Aureæ S. R. Ecclesiæ Auctoritatibus Veterum
Patrum, &c. Opus posth'.llllum, 1616.
7. Portrait. He appears in ,. The Jesuits and Prists as they use to sitt
at Counsell in England to further ye Catholicke Cause," engraved in Thomas
Scott's " Vox populi, or News from Spain," reproduced in Foley's" Records
S.} .," vol. vii.

Brittain, Thomas Lewis, O.P., was born near Chester
in 1744. His parents were Protestants, but he was converted
at the age of 16, and with his brother William was reconciled
to the Catholic Church. Two years later he went to Picardy
to study French, and subsequently joined the Dominicans at
Bornhem, where he was professed Oct. 22, 1767.
After studying for a short time at Louvain, he taught for
many years at Bornhem with the highest reputation, and was
appointed Regent. In 1790 he received his degree of S. Th.
l\Iag., and in the same year resigned the Regency for the
appointment of Director of the English Dominicanesses at
Brussels, an office which he retained until his death, during a
space of nearly thirty-seven years.
\Vhen the French army was daily expected at Brussels, he
escorted the community from their Convent of the Rosary,
June 22, 1 794, to Bornhem, and from thence condu cted them
safely to England, and saw them comfortably settled at Hart-
pury Court, near Gloucester, where he ended his days, l\1:ay 3,
1827, aged 83, and was buried in Hartpury churchyard. He
had served the office of Provincial from 1 8 14 to 1 8 I 8, and was
much respected and beloved by his brethren.
Oli,lcr, Collections; Kirk, Biog. Collections, 1/l SS.,o Palmer,
Obit. Notices, O.S.D.
I. Rudiments of English Grammar. Louvain, 1788, 121110., pp. 164;
2nd edit. Lond. 1790, 12mo., pp. 157.
This work in its day was esteemed the most useful and perfect of the kind
published, and was highly commended by \Valker, the lexicographer, who was
a personal friend of the author.
2. Principles of the Christian Religion and Catholic Faith
investigated. Part I., containing the undeniable evidence of
the Existence of God, Divine Revelation, and the Divinity of
Jesus Christ. Part II., His establishment of the Christian

3 0 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Church and Catholic Unity-Authority, Succession, and Prac.
tices of it to this day; with an Explanation of her Tenets for
the misinformed who impugn them. Lond.179<>. 12mo., pp. 353.
3. The Divinity of Jesus Christ and Beauties of his Gospel
demonstrated, in a few Comments on St. Matthew according to
the holy Fathers. Lond. 1822. 8vo., pp. 227.
4. Biographical Collections of the English Dominicans, MSS.
Soon after he had joined the Order, he was directed to transcribe and
collect from the archives the lives of all the Fathers, for a Flemish Dominican
who purposed to publish a history in Latin of the Dominicans of the N ether-
lands. This history was never published, and it is to be feared Fr. Brittain's
Collections perished in the confusion caused by the French invasion. His
\York included a history of the establishment at Bornhem from its commence-
ment in 1658, to within a few years of the Revolution, and was drawn from
authentic sources.
5. A Collection of Poems occasionally written. Cheltenham,
1822. 12mo., pp. 33.
6. The Divinity of Jesus Christ and Beauties of His Gosp
l,
continued in some comments or notes on SSe Mark, Luke, and
John, as an appendix. to those on St. Matthew. MS. fo1. pp. 93. In
the archives of the Province.
7. Essay on the Mystery of our Redemption and the Love of
our Redeemer. MS. pp. 31. In the archives of the Province.

Britton, John, martyr, was a gentìeman of ancient family,
born at Britton, in the West Riding of York. All his life a
zealous Catholic, he suffered constant persecution on account of
his conscience, so much so that he was generally obliged to
absent himself from his wife and family in order to keep out of
danger. At length, when advanced in years, he was falsely
accused by a malicious fellow, of having uttered some treason-
able words against the Queen, and was condemned on this
charge. He was offered his life if he would renounce his faith,
but refusing, was executed at York, as in cases of high treason,
April I, 1598.
"Frances Bretton, widow, of Bretton, and Dorothie Bretton
her daughter, old Recusants," appear in the list of Yorkshire
Papists in 1604.
Mr. Britton was probably the father of Dr. Matthew Britton
and Fr. "Richard Francis Britton, O.S.F.
l\Iatthew Britton, alias Rawson, D.D., was admitted into
the English College, Rome, in 1586, at the age of 2 I, and
was ordained priest there in I 592. He then proceeded to
the English College at Rheims, and in the following year

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 0 5 :

went to Douay, where he became Prefect, and was made Pro.
fessor in I 599.
He was afterwards invited to the Monastery of Regular
Canons at Hennin, near Douay, to read lessons in divinity, but
did not remain long, and returned to Douay, where he sang
Mass at the consecration of their new church, July 3, 1603.
In 1604 he was sent to England, and laboured on the mission
for many years, principally in Lancashire, where he was living
in 1635 at the age of 70 years, being much esteemed for his
learning and prudence.
Challoller, Memoirs; DOllay Diaries; Peacock, List of Roman
Catholics of York; Foley, Records SJ., Romal1- Diary.
Britton, Richard, O.S.F., was probably an uncle or near
relative of John Britton, of Britton, in Yorkshire, martyred at
Y'Ork in 1598.
He was of New College, Oxford, and at the age of 24, by
dint of study, was clearly convinced of the faith, and openly
did all he could to oppose the progress of schism. He denied
and ridiculed the ecclesiastical supremacy of Edward VI., the
boy-king, and defended the authority of the Pope.
For this he was tried, and fearless of death he confessed in
court more amply still, for which he was committed to
pnson.
Sanders, who knew him personally, and lived in the same
college with him, says, " He was in years a youth, but in courage
an old man; he maintained, not by word of mouth only, that
the Roman Pontiff, as the successor of St. Peter, is the sovereign
head of the Church, and in that dignity the sole Vicar of Christ,
but also by his writings, which he presented to his judge, proving
his faith and confirming it by the testimony of the Scriptures
and the ancient Fathers. And he too was kept in prison for the
sake of Christ."
He practised great austerity, mortification, and abstinence, his
only food being bread, to which on feast-days he added a little
broth. His wonderful austerities and constancy in the faith
won others over-among whom Sanders was one-who visited
him in prison, and resolved, if the opportunity arose, to contend
for the faith as he had done.
The accession of Mary brought him his liberty, and be
entered the Order of Franciscan Observants and was clothed
VOL. I. X

3 06

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

at Greenwich, where he died almost immediately afterwards,
probably in I 5 54.
Lewis, Sanders' Anglican Schism; Parkinso1l, ColI. Anglo.
filÙz., p. 249.
1. \Vorks in defence of the authority of the Pope in ecclesiastical
matters.

Britton, Richard Francis, O.S.F., was probably a brother
of Dr. l\1atthew Britton, and son of John Britton, of Britton, in
Yorkshire, martyred at York in 1598. He served the mission
in England, but further particulars of his life, or the date of his
death, have not been recorded.
Dodd, Ch. His!.,. Foley, Records SJ., ROlJZa1l Diary.
J. Manuductions to the Palace of Trueth. By F. B. Observant.
Mackline, 1616, Izmo. Ded. to M(r.) S. T., dated Oct. 12, 1615, title 1 f.,
ded. &c. 7 ff. pp. 139, &c. 4 ff. A controversial work concerning the general
motives of Catholic Faith.
2. Other controversial works pub. anonymously.

Brockholes, John, the younger, was son of John Brock-
holes, of Claughton, co. Lancaster, Esq., by his first wife, Anne,
daughter and heiress of \Nilliam Barcroft, of Barcroft, Esq.
Brockholes, near Preston, was the original seat of the family,
a manor which passed to the Singletons in marriage with the
heiress of the elder line.
Adam de Brochol, a younger brother of \Villiam de Brochol,
of Brockholes, founded the Claughton and Heaton branch of
the family in the thirteenth century.
It was noted for its staunch adherence to the faith, and its
unswerving loyalty to the rightful heirs to the throne.
Thomas Brockholes, of Claughton and Heaton, son of Thomas
Brockholes, Esq., by Dorothy, daughter of John Rygmayden,
of 'vVedacre, Esq., appears in the list of recusants sent to the
Council by the Bishop of Chester (" Dom. Eliz.," vol. ccIxvi.
No. 80, Feb. 1598), assessed at from 1; 5 to 1;20, towards the
expense of raising troops for service in Ireland, and he was
charged for his wife's recusancy L 7 I os. I t would therefore
appear that at this time he himself had nominaIIy conformed
to escape penalties. His first wife was Janet, daughter of
Edward Bradyll, of Portfield, Esq. ; and the second, the one
referred to in the levy, was Dorothy, daughter of Nicholas
Leyburne, of Cunswick, co. Westmoreland, Esq. The latter

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 0 7

was repeatedly fined for her recusancy, and appears in the
annual returns with her husband, who principally resided at
Heaton, until his death there in 1618. In 1607 Thomas
Brockholes came within the operation of one of those iniquitous
grants, inaugurated by James I., by which the benefit of his
recusancy-that is, the two-thirds of his estate, with other
penalties imposed by law, was handed over to the voracious
appetite of a needy Scotchman, David Stewart, who at the
same time had the grant of the recusancy of Henry Banister,
of Bank, and Mary Gerard, of Somersetshire. In the following
year, after the Scotchman had squeezed all he could out of the
estate, :Mr. Brockholes' recusancy, with that of other Lancashire
Catholic gentlemen, was transferred to another hanger-on of the
Court, Charles Chambers, perhaps an Englishman, for the
English had then begun to grumble at the plunder the Scotch
favourites of King James were reaping from the EngHsh
Catholics.
And so the family continued, regularly paying its fines and
suffering the other penalties imposed on recusants, besides
taking its share of the troubles of the Civil \Var, until the
period which introduces the subject of the present memoir.
\Vhen the Chevalier de St. George marched into Lancashire
in 171 5, he was joined by two of the sons of John Brock-
holes, the elder, who was then too old to take an active part
himself.
After the battle of Preston, so disastrous to the Stuart
cause, John Brockholes, the younger, and his brother \Villiam,
were convicted and outlawed as traitors, but though judgment
was passed on the former, it does not appear that either of
them suffered imprisonment.
The elòer brother was most probably wounded at the battle
of Preston, and removed in a hopeless state to his father's
house at Claughton, where he died in Sept. 17 I 7. He had
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradyll, of Bradyll and
Portfield" but left no issue.
In the previous January, the old man, then over seventy
years of age, with his two younger sons, \Villiam and Roger,
the latter a priest, were convicted of recusancy at the Lancaster
Quarter Sessions, and in I 7 I 7 the father registered his estate
as a Papist in compliance with the Act of I Geo. I.
On Oct. 12, 17 I 6, the Constable of Claughton rcported to the
X?

308

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

High Constable of Amounderness, by order of the Commis-
sioners for Forfeited Estates, that John and 'VVilliam Brock-
holes, sons of John Brockholes, Esq., and James Dockady, were
the only traitors or outlaws, and that Roger Brockholes and
Richard Taylor were the only priests, within his township.
Dockady was afterwards condemned to be executed, and
perhaps John Brockholes might have shared the same fate had
his condition been otherwise than desperate. His younger
brother, 'VVilliam Brockholes, succeeded his father, in 1718, to
the estates, but leaving no issue by his wife Jane, daughter and
co-heiress of Michael Johnson, of Twyzell Hall, co. Durham
(sister of his father's second wife, Mary), and his three other
brothers being priests, the estates passed at his death in succes-
sion to the three sons of his sister Mary, the wife of'VVilliam
Hesketh, of The l\1aynes, in Little Singleton, Esq., who assumed
the name of Brockholes. Thomas, the eldest, was unmarried;
Joseph married, in 1768, Constantia, daughter of Basil Fitz-
herbert, of Swynnerton, co. Stafford, Esq., but left no surviving
issue; and J ames, the last holder of the estates, was also
unmarried.
Failing direct heirs, the property passed by the settlement
of Joseph Hesketh Brockholes to his brother-in-law, William
Fitzherbert, who assumed the additional name of Brockholes.
John Brockholes, the elder, by his second wife, had a daughter
Catherine, married to Charles Howard, tenth Duke of Norfolk.
There were five priests in the last two generations of the
family.
Thomas and Roger, younger sons of Thomas Brockholes,
Esq., by Mary, daughter and heiress of John Holden, of
Chaighley, Esq., both studied at Douay College; the former
was ordained there, and in 17 I 7 wa5 at Standish Hall, but
died at Burgh Hall, near Chorley, the seat of the Chadwicks,
Nov. 10, 1738; the latter, Roger, having completed his
divinity at Douay, proceeded to the English College, Lisbon,
where he was ordained priest, and remained for many years as
a professor. Eventually he came on the mission, was admitted
a member of the Chapter, appointed Archdeacon in 1698, and
died Chaplain to the Convent at York in 1700.
Their eldest brother, John Brockholes,hitherto called the elder,
had three sons priests, Thomas, Roger, and Charles. Thomas,
the eldest son, was ordained priest at Douay in Dec. 1706, and

..........

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

309

remained at the college for many years as a professor. He
came on the mission to Wolverhampton, in :!\lay, 1727, and three
years later succeeded Bishop Dicconson at Chillington, the seat
of Peter Giffard, Esq. He was a member of the Chapter, and, in
I 754, was chosen Archdeacon of Staffordshire, Cheshire, and
Derbyshire. He was also Grand Vicar to Bishop Stonor, and
died ] an. 16, 1758, and was buried at Brewood.
Roger Brockholes was ordained priest at the English College,
Rome, in 1708, and left for Paris two years later. Soon after
he was at Claughton, and, besides assisting the Rev. Richard
Taylor in the mission there, frequently said Mass at Midghall,
in Myerscough, and The Hough, in Newsham. His name
often appears in the Tyldesley diary. vVhen Mr. Taylor died,
in 1726, Roger Brockholes either immediately succeeded him,
or very soon after took over the charge of the Claughton
mission, where he died Oct. 10, 1743.
Charles Brockholes, S.]., the youngest brother, was born in
1684, and was educated at St. Omer's College. He entered
the Society at \Vatten in 1705. and, in 171 I, was sent to the
:!\faryland mission, from which he returned about 1716. He
served the missions of Blackrod and Wigan for many years,
and died at vVigan, Feb. 20, 1759.
Thus ended the male line of the fine old family of Brock-
holes, of Claughton Hall, which is now represented by vVilliam
Fitzherbert-Brockholes, Esq.
P.R.O., Dom.fac. I., vol. xxviii.fNo. 122, Dec. 23,1607, and
vol. xxxi. No. I,] an. 4, 1608; F mfeited Estates, L. 2 and 3,
P. 62 and 63, B. 62; Gz:tlow, Lallcasltire ReCllSallts, MS.;
]( irk, Biog. Collectio1ls, filS S.; Dugdale, Visit. Lanc. 1665;
Douay Diaries J. Foley, Records Sf., vols. vi. and vii.; Fiskz(}ick
Hist. of Garstang.

Bromholme, or Brindholme, Edmund, priest, chaplain
to Lord Lisle, was executed at Tyburn, Aug. 4, I 540, for
denying the ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII.
Stow, Chronicles J. Dodd, Ch. His!.
Bromley, Anselm, O.S.B., a native of Liverpool, was
professed at the monastery of St. Laurence at Dieulward in
I 766, and sent to the mission in the Benedictine North
Frovince.

3 1 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

He kept a school in the neighbourhood of Liverpool, where
he died Nov. 27, 1779.
S1l0W, Belled. NecrologyJ. Gillow, Catk Schools Ùl EJlglalld,MS.

Bromley, John, schoolmaster, a native of Shropshire, had
an academical education, and after receiving Orders in the
Church of England, enjoyed successively several benefices.
At the commencement of the reign of James II. he was
curate of St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, London. He soon after
became a Catholic, and obtained employment as a corrector of
the press in the King's Printing-house, which enabled him to
live comfortably until the Revolution of 1688 obliged him to
resign, and he then opened a boarding-school for young gentle-
men. In this he appears to have been very successful, and his
school was patronized by some of the best Catholic families.
Pope, the poet, is said to have been one of his pupils.
His wife was the daughter of Mr. Pritchard, a goldsmith in
Drury Lane, and having no children, Mr. Bromley relinquished
his school, presumably after her death, and travelled as tutor
with some young gentlemen on the Continent. He retired
at length to his native county, and died at Madeley, Jan. 10,
17 I 7.
He was said to be a good classical scholar, but the only
work he is recorded to have published is not favourable to his
reputation.
Dodd, Ck Hist.
I. The Catechism of the Council of Trent. A Translation from
the Latin. Lond. 1687. 8vo. 'Vaterworth in his edition thus refers to
this translation: "An anonymous translation appeared in 1687, but it is so
unfaithful and even ludicrously absurd that it must be regarded rather as a
burlesque than a translation of the decrees."

Bromwich, Andrew, priest, a native of Oscott in Staf-
fordshire, was educated at the English College, Lisbon, where
he was ordained priest.
Sent on the mission, he chiefly resided near Wolverhampton,
and was one of the victims of the infamous Oates' plot in 1678.
He was apprehended and committed to Stafford Gaol, and was
tried at the county assizes, Aug. 13, 1679, by Sir \Villiam
Scroggs. The only evidence produced against him was that of
Anne Robinson, who positively swore she had frequently heard

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 11

him say l'/Iass and had received Holy Communion at his hands;
Geoffrey Robinson, who merely deposed that he had heard
him repeat something in a language he did not understand,
and use certain ceremonies in a surplice, &c.; and Jane
Robinson, Geoffrey's wife, who being put into the witness-box,
would not own she knew anything concerning the prisoner's
character.
However, Judge Scroggs condemned him to death, though
he was afterwards reprieved. After lying some time in prison,
he seems to have been forgotten rather than actually pardoned,
so that his release was either with permission or connivance.
He then returned to his home and property at Oscott, situated
about five miles from Birmingham, and took charge of the few
Catholics here and in the neighbourhood until his death, Oct. 15,
1702. He was buried in the family vault at Handsworth.
His antique chair, of very rude construction, is still preserved
at Oscott. His uncle, the Rev. Francis Fitter, also a Lisbon
priest, succeeded him in the mission, and died there in 17 I I,
at the advanced age of 89. From this humble foundation
and residence of Andrew Bromwich has been raised the
present extensive College of St. Mary's, Oscott, and thus an
outline of its history may not be out of place.
The Rev. Philip Hickin succeeded Mr. Fitter, and died in
1735, and after some other pastors, among whom w
re the
Revs. C. Fitz-\Nilliams, James Layfield, and Joseph Barnes,
the mission of Oscott was taken charge of by the Rev. Pierce
Parry, about 1752. Soon after, probably in the following
year, Bishop Homyold, then coadjutor to Bishop Stonor, built
a new house at Oscott, with the intention of providing a
residence for the Vicars-Apostolic of the Midland district in
case they should at any time be obliged to leave their actual
residence at Longbirch, near \Volverhampton. The top-story
was the chapel, extending west the whole length of the front,
the altar being at the end nearest to the building added about
forty years later when Oscott was first opened as a College.
Soon after 1778, the Rev. Pierce Parry built a new chapel,
extending along the east side of the house, with a long room
over it for a dormitory. As the house at Oscott was not
actually required for the Bishop's residence, and was larger
than the priest himself required, it was let to a J\1rs. Johnson,
who had previously kept a boarding-school for young ladies at

3 12

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Harvington, in Worcestershire. Here she opened a school J
but meeting with little success, only remained a short time,
and removed, in 1785, to Aldridge, about four miles distant
from Oscott, accompanied by Mr. Parry, who had been afflicted
with paralysis and was quite incapacitated.
The Rev. Joseph Berington was then appointed to Oscott by
Bishop Thomas Talbot, and came to reside here in the latter
year. The solitude and quietude of the place, and the small
congregation, were most favourable to his literary pursuits, and
here he wrote most of his works. Dr. Charles Berington,
coadjutor to Bishop Talbot, also came to reside with his
cousin, soon after his consecration, and remained until about
179 2 .
Mr. Joseph Berington removed from Oscott in JVlay of the
following year, and became chaplain to Sir John Throckmorton,
Bart., at Buckland. He was succeeded by the Rev. Anthony
Clough, from Hathrop, who died at Oscott Sept. 7 following.
The mission was then temporarily supplied by the Rev. John
Kirk from Sedgley Park School, and it was at his suggestion
that the Rev. John Bew, D.D., late President of St. Gregory's
College, Paris, was appointed, in 1794, with the idea of
educating a few students for the Church.
The destruction of the English Colleges on the Continent
by the French Revolution necessitated the speedy devise of
some means for continuing the supply of clergy for the English
mission. Thus Dr. Kirk was in reality the originator of Oscott
College.
Dodd, Clt. Hist.,. HlIsellbeth, Life of
Veedall.
I. Speech prepared for delivery on the Scaffold in expectancy
of Execution. 1679. MS.

Brook, Sir Basil, of Madley Court, Shropshire, held an
influential position in the Catholic body during the reigns of-
-J ames I. and Charles I., and he also possessed some interest at
Court.
In 1635 he displayed great activity in supporting the cause
of the Regulars against episcopal government in England,
though he had formerly been very friendly with Dr. Bishop,
Bishop of Chalcedon, who in fact died at Sir Basil's seat near
London, called Bishop's Court, April 16, 1624.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 1 3

He was born about 1574, and is described as of very hand-
some and comely person.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
I. Entertainments for Lent, written in French by the R. F. N.
Caussin, S.J. Translated into English by Sir Basil Brook. 1672. 12mo.
Another edition was printed by John Sadler, at Liverpool, 1755. 18mo.
2. It is very probable that he assisted Sir Thos. Hawkins in the trans-
lation of Fr. Caussin's "Holy Court," written originally in French and
published at Paris in 1627. 8vo.
The English translation was printed by J. Cousturier, Rouen, 1634, fo1.
with frontispiece, and it met with such popularity in this country, especially
among Catholics, that it went through three subsequent editions-Lond.
1650, thick folio, with portraits; again in 1663; and the fourth edition in
1678; all three being dedicated to Queen Henriette Maria, the last having
the lives of Card. Pole and Mary Queen of Scots.
3. A Cunning Plot to divide and destroy the Parliament and
the City of London . . . . The design is fully discovered in the
severall examinations and confessions of Sir Basil Brook, &c.
16 43. 4 to .
Brookby, Anthony, D.D" O.S.F., martyr, whose name
is sometimes spelt Brorby, Brocke, and Borbe, was Fellow of
Magdalen College, Oxford, proceeded D.D., and was professor
of that faculty in his college. He was considered a perfect
master of Greek and Hebrew, and also had a great reputation
as a preacher.
On one occasion he inveighed against the proceedings of
Henry VIII. from the pulpit of St. Laurence's Church, London,
for which he was arrested and cast into a loathsome prison.
Still refusing to subscribe to the king's ecclesiastical supremacy,
he was racked to such an extent that his sinews and joints
were extended and dislocated in a deplorable manner, all
which he endured with wonderful courage and constancy, often
expressing an ardent desire to undergo still more cruel torments
for the love of God.
His sufferings rendered him unable to lift his hand to his
mouth, and a devout woman nursed and fed him for five-and-
twenty days, when an executioner was sent to his prison and
put an end to his pains and miseries by strangling him witb
his own cord or girdle, July 19, I 5 37.
Bouehicr, Hist. Eeet. de Martyr. Frat. Minor.

Brooke, Sir Robert, Knt., Lord Chief Justice, was the
son of Thomas Brooke, or Broke, of Claverley, in Shropshire,

3 1 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

by Margaret, daughter of Hugh Grosvenor, of Farmot in the
same county. From Oxford he proceeded to the Middle
Temple, where he was Reader in 1542 and 155 I. Between
these dates-in I 54 5-he was advanced from the office of Com-
mon Serjeant of the City of London to that of Recorder in the
room of Sir Roger Chomley. In that character he is fre-
quently mentioned in Dyer's Reports. In Michaelmas, 155 2 ,
he was made a Serjeant, and was several times returned to
Parliament as representative of the metropolis.
He was elected Speaker in that which met on April 2, 1554,
during which the marriage of the Queen with Philip of Spain
was solemnized.
A new Parliament was then called, and between the date of
the summons and the day of meeting, Brooke was put in the
place of Sir Richard Morgan as Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas on Oct. 8, I 5 54.
He was knighted by King Philip on Jan. 27, 1555, but he
enjoyed his judicial dignity little more than four years, dying
on Sept. 6, 1558, about two months before the death of the
Queen. On his tomb at Claverley he is represented in his
official robes, with a wife on each side of him in splendid
attire.
One of his wives was named Anne, and the other Dorothy,
and between them they gave him seventeen children. His
name had a high reputation in vVestminster Hall, not only on
account of his great learning and his just administration of the
law, but as the author of the works enumerated below. He
was throughout very zealous in the cause of the old religion.
Foss, Judges of Eugland J. Dodd, Cft. His!.
I. Certain Cases adjudged in the Time of King Henry VIII.,
Edward VI. and Queen Mary, from the 6th of Henry VIII. to
the 4th of Queen Mary. Land. 1578, 8yo.; Land. 1604, 8Yo., often
reprinted, known as " Ascun's N oyel Cases."
2. An Abridgment; containing an Abstract of the Year.books,
till the Reign of Queen. Mary.
Land. 1573, fol.. which Coke calls" an excellent repertory."
The latest edition of this work was published Land. 1873. 8yo.
3. The Reading of Sir Robert Brooke upon the Statute of
Limitations, 32 Henry VIII. c. 2. Land. 1647. 8vo. Read at the
Middle Temple in 1542.
4. The Reading of Robert Brooke upon the Statute of Magna
Charta. Chap. 16 (i.e. chap. 17). Land. 1641. 4to. Read in 155 1 .

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 1 5

Brookes, James, last Catholic Bishop of Gloucester, was
born in May, I 5 I 2, in Hampshire, and being sent to Oxford
in 1528, was admitted a Fellow of Corpus Christi College
three years later. He passed through the various degrees
with marked success, and in 1546 was created D.D., the
following year being chosen Master of Balliol College. When
Mary ascended the throne, she sent for Dr. Brookes, who
had made a great name as a zealous and eloquent preacher,
and it was not long before he was promoted to the See of
Gloucester, upon the deprivation of John Hooper. He was
consecrated April I, 1554. In the following year he was
appointed one of the Papal sub-delegates in the royal com-
mission for the trial of Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley.
Protestant historians represent his refusal on this occasion to
degrade Latimer and Ridley of their episcopal order, as irre-
concilable with his general conduct, and insinuate that he was
either actuated by spleen or passion against the Reformers, or,
on the other hand, was influenced by the advantages accruing
to the next incumbents of the Sees by the new leases, which
could not be expected if the bishops under prosecution were
acknowledged to be truly consecrated.
But here times and circumstances must be distinguished.
Latimer was consecrated in 1535, Ridley in 1547, and Cranmer
in 1533.
Now Cranmer's consecration was before the breach with
Rome. Latimer's was also indisputable, for at that time there
was no alteration in the ordinal of which we know, except the
omission of the canonical obedience to the Pope, a non.
essential part of the consecration.
Ridley's case was quite different, for he had been consecrated
in the first of Edward VI.'s reign, when both the doctrine and
discipline of the previous reign were entirely changed; and
though the new ordinal was not legally established until after
the date of his consecration, yet it is very probable that some
such ceremony was used, of which Bishop Brookes and the
other delegates were aware, and having considered would find
defective in some essential point.
The reflections, therefore, cast upon him are groundless. If
it be true that he did refuse to degrade Latimer, which rests
on the very doubtful authority of Fox, he might have other
reasons for so doing to which we are strangers. Latimer had

3 16

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

lived for several years as a simple clergyman, and had, by
his heterodoxy, made himself obnoxious to all the censures of
the Church, and therefore the delegates might omit the cere-
mony of his degradation.
However, it is admitted by all historians that Bishop Brookes
was a man of learning, candour, and sincerity, and it is not
probable that he was ignorant of what he was about or could
be guilty of juggling in an affair of this nature. When Eliza-
beth succeeded to the throne Bishop Brookes, being summoned
to take the oath of supremacy, refused, and was committeà to
prison, where he died in Feb. 1560, and was buried in a
stone coffin in the Cathedral at Gloucester. Maziere Brady
erroneously states that he died Sept. 7, I 5 58.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; TVood, Athcll. Ozon.
I. A Sermon [on Matt. ix. 18] very notable, fruietefull and
godlie, made at Paule's Crosse, the XII. daie of Novembre in the
first yere of Quene Marie. Roberte Coly, Lond. 1553. 8vo.
Another edition, "by J. Brakes, Newly imprinted and somewhat
augmented." R. Caly, Lond. 1554. Svo. Black Letter, without pagination.
Sig. A-L.
2. Oration in St. Mary's Church in Oxon, 12 March 1555, to
Thom. Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.
It commences, "My lord, at this present we are come to you as com-
missioners," &c.
3. Oration in closing up the Examination of Tho. Cranmer,
Archbishop of Canterbury.
Commencing, "Mr. Cranmer (I cannot otherwise, considering your ob-
stinacy), I am right sorry," &c.
The two latter orations were printed by Fox in his" Acts and Monu-
ments."

Brooks, Ferdinand, priest and martyr; vide Hugh
Green.

Broomhead, Rowland, priest, was born at Stannington,
four miles from Sheffield, Aug. 27, 175 I, where his father
possessed a valuable landed property inherited from his
ancestors, who were Catholics. At an early age he was sent,
with his elder brother, to Sedgley Park School, in Stafford-
shire, which had then been but recently established. From
thence he was sent to Rome, and was admitted into the
English College, Oct. 7, 1765. Here he was ordained priest,
and had the honour to deliver a discourse before Clement XIV.
The Diary of the College is silent as to the exact date of his

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 1 7

ordination, but it was some months before the completion
of his twenty-fourth year, in 1775, and he was sent to assist
the Rev. J. Lodge in the mission at Sheffield, where he
remained two years.
The Rev. Edward Helme, the priest at l\Ianchester, who died
Oct. 16, 1773, appears to have been succeeded by the Rev.
John Orrell. At this time the only chapel the Catholics had in
Manchester was in a passage, still known as Roman Entry, in
Church Street, leading from High Street, and Mr. Orrell set to
work to build a new chapel, in Rook Street, to accom mo-
date the increasing number of Catholics in the town. This
chapel was dedicated to St. Cbad, and was opened June 23,
177 6 .
It is said that the Catholics in Manchester scarcely numbered
seventy souls when Mr. Helme first went there.
Almost two years later, l\Iarch 19, 1778, l\Ir. Broomhead
was removed from Sheffield to take the place of the Rev.
Charles Houghton, who had succeeded l\lr. Orrell shortly after
the opening of Rook Street chapel.
Mr. Houghton left to travel with l\Ir. Battersby through
Italy, and after his return was appointed chaplain at Carlton, in
Yorkshire, the seat of the Stapletons, eventually dying at York,
Sept. 7, 1797.
At this period the district attached to the misson was rather
extensive, for the resident priest at lVlanchester was also called
upon to serve Bolton, Rochdale, Trafford, Stockport, Glossop,
and l\lacclesfield, though it has been asserted that he had only
six hundred communicants in all these places. \Vithin the
next few years, however, the congregation at Manchester alone
had increased so much that l\lr. Broomhead found it necessary
to build another chapel, and accordingly, St. Mary's, l\Iulberry
Street, was opened Nov. 30, 1794, the Rev. Edward Kenyon
being appointed its first priest. The progress continuing, l\lr.
Broomhead planned another chapel on a still more extensive
scale, and, almost immediately before his death, St. Augustine's,
Granby Row, was opened. Mr. Broomhead died Oct. 12, 1820,
aged 69.
His name and virtues are not only a part of the traditions
of Manchester, but also of the respect and memory of its
people. A memorandum by the Rev. George Leo Haydock
states that when l\lr. Broomhead first went to Manchester he

3 18

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

found about 1,000 Catholics under his charge, and that when
he died he left in Manchester and the vicinity 40,000.
He had the distinction of being the first student from
Sedgley Park who was ordained priest.
Geo. Leo. Haydock MS. Ùz possessioll of tlte Aut/lor
. Brz"ef
.l1Iemoirs of Rev. R. Broomltead,. Fole)', Rccords SJ., Roman
Diary.
I. Brief Memoirs of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead, of Man-
chester; with an account of his funeral and a funeral elegy.
Manchester (1820), 16mo.
2. A Panegyric on the late Rev. Rowland Broomhead, forty-
two years a Catholic Priest at Manchester. By Michael Gaffey.
Manchester, 1822. Sm. 8vo., title 1 leaf, preface 1 leaf, Panegyric, pp. 5 to 38.
3. A Discourse delivered at St. Augustine's Chapel, Manchester,
at the funeral of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead. By the Rev.
Joseph Curro :\lanchester, 1820. 8vo.; ditto, 2nd edit.
4. Portrait, engr. by Edw. Scriven, engraver to His Majesty, from a
painting by J. Allen, embellished with a view of St. Augustine's Chapel and
inscription, pub. by Zanetti & Agnew, l\lanchester, 1820, large 4to.
5. Portrait, from a drawing made expressly for the purpose, pub. by
J. A. Robinson, Manchester, 1820, large 4 to .
Broughton, Richard, divine and historian, was a native
of Great Stukeley, in Huntingdonshire, and belonged to a good
family who claimed descent from the Broughtons, of Broughton
Tower, in North Lancashire. He was sent at an early age to
the English College at Rheims, where he passed with great
success through all the classes, became a proficient scholar
in Greek and Hebrew, and more especially applied himself to
the study of British antiquities. He was ordained priest, May 4,
1593, and aftenvards, when sent on the mission, divided his
time between his pastoral duties and his favourite study of
British antiquities, for which purpose he sometimes resided in
Oxford, whcre he was entered a sojourner, June 19, 1626. He
was held in great esteem by his brethren, and was appointed
assistant to the Archpriest, a Canon of the Chapter, and Vicar-
General to Dr. Smith, Bishop of Chalcedon. He died Feb. 15,
1634- 5, having laboured on the mission forty-two years, and
was buried near his father and mother in the church at
Great Stukeley.
Dodd, Ck. Hist.
I. An Apologicall Epistle: directed to the right honorable
Ladies and others of her Majesties privie Counsell. Serving as

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3[9

well for a Preface to a Booke entituled, A Resolution of Reli.
gion: as also, contaÏ!:1ing the Author's most lawfull Defence to
all Estates for publishing the same. Signed R. B" Antwerp,
A. Coninx. 1601. 8vo.
2. The first Part of the Resolution of Religion, divided into
two Bookes, conteyning a demonstration of the necessitie of a
divine and supernaturall worshippe, &c. By R. B., Antwerpe,
Richard Verstegan. 1603. No more appears to have been published. Often
confused with Fr. Persons' Book of Resolution.
3. A New Manual of old Christian Catholick Meditations
and Praiers faithfully collected and translated, without any
word altered or added: except in tytles of chapters, citations
of places, and some few marginal annotations, for the most part
taken forth of holy Scriptures, or the holy Fathers within the
first 400 yeares of Christ. 1617. 18mo. Title I leaf; address, in which
he refers to his late book dedicated to "our present Queene and her ladies,"
signed R. B. Meditation and praier, pp. 11-256.
4. A Manual of Praiers used by the Fathers of Primitive
Church, for the most part within the foure first hundred yeares
of Christ and al before the end of the sixt hundred yeare:
divided into several chapters. By R. B. P. 1618. 18mo. Title
I leaf; Preface" To our Most Renowned Queene Anne: and al her Right
Honorable, and or Ladies," pp. 3-8, signed R. B. P.; contents, PP.9-1O,
Practise and Praiers of the Primitive Church, pp. 13-118.
5- The Judgment of the Apostles and of those of the First
Age, in all points of Doctrine, questioned betweene the Catho-
lickes and Protestants of England, as they are set down in the
39 Articles of their Religion, by an Old Student in Divinitie.
Doway, 1632. 8vo.
Ded. to (Henrietta) Marie, Queen of Great Britain. \Vritten against the
work of Thomas Rogers, Rector of Horniger, on the 39 Articles.
6. Ecclesiastical Historie of Great Britaine, &c., whereby is
manifestly declared a continuall succession of the true Catho-
like Religion, which at this day is professed and taught in and
by Î the Roman Church: the first 'rome, containing the Fower
Hundred first Years. Doway, 1633. Fol.
7. A True Memorial of the antient, most holy and Religious
State of Great Britain, flourishing with Apostles, Apostolical
Men, Monasteries, Religious Rules and Orders in great Number,
in the time of the Britons and Primitive Church of the Saxons.
No Rule, nor Order from Egypt, or of S. Benedict, nor of
S. Equitius being to be found in her Precincts in those times.
Collected by the learned Antiquary and old student in divine
learning, Richard Broughton, Priest. Lond. 1650. 8vo. Published
by G. S., P(riest), after the author's decease.
This work was probably written many years before the author's death,
and perhaps was the incentive of Fr. Baker's researches to prove the anti-
quity of the Benedictine Order in Great Britain, embodied in the " Apostolatus
Bencdictinorum in Anglia," edited by Fr. Clement Reyner in 1626.

3 20

EIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

8. Monastichon Britannicum; or, a historic all Narration of the
first Founding and flourishing State of the ancient Monasteries,
religious Rules, and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes of the
Brittaines and Primitive Church of the Saxons. Lond. 1655. 8vo.
This work was printed from the MSS. left by the author, and no doubt,
as Bishop Nicholson remarks (" Eng. Hist. Lib."), it is in a less perfect
state t1

n the author intended.
9. 4 nti quity of the Word Sterlingorum, or Stirling. MS.
referred to in Hearne's Collections, vol. ii. pp. 318 and J8I.
10. Relation by Richard Broughton of a book written in
English by John King, late Protestant Bishop of London, as to
his conversion to the Catholic faith, 30 Jan. 1623. 3 pp. MS.
Fifth Report Hist. MSS. Com. 1876, Old Chapter Archives.
II. Relation of the Martyrdom of Nicholas Garlick, priest,
executed at Derby, July 24, 1588. MS. referred to by Dr. Challoner.

Brown, George Gregory, O.S.B., was born in Essex,
and was educated at the English College, Douay. He joined
the Benedictines at the Abbey of St. Sinbert, in Spain, where
he was professed, and from thence proceeded to St. Lawrence's
IVlonastery, at Dieulward, in 1609. In the same year he was
sent to the English mission, but falling under the supervision of
the Government, escaped to the Continent, and for some time
was at St. Gregory's, Douay, but died at Chelles, near Paris,
Oct. 2 I, 1618.
SllOW, Necrology, O.S.B.,o Oliver, Collections; State Paþers.
I. The Life of the Holy and Venerable Mother Suor Maria
Maddelena de Patsi, a Florentine Lady and Religious of the
Order of the Carmelites, written in Italian by the Rev. Priest Sig.
Vincentio Puccini, who was sometymes her ghostly Father, now
translated into English. Bruxelle, 1619, sm. 8vo., ded. to the Lady
Mary Percy, Abbesse of St. Bennet, Brussels.

Brown, George Hilary, D.D., Bishop of Liverpool, the
son of William Brown, of Clifton, by Helen, daughter of
Richard Gradwell, of Clifton, co. Lancaster, was born in
17 86 .
He was sent to the College at Crook Hall, previous to its
removal to U shaw where he was ordained priest in I 8 10, and
remained as a professor at U shaw until 1819, when he suc-
ceeded Dr. Rigby to the mission at Lancaster, and continued
in that charge until he was nominated to the newly created
Lancashire Vicariate in 1840.
He was consecrated Bishop of Bugia Ùz partibus by Bishop
Briggs, at Liverpool, Aug. 24, 1840. Two years later he was

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 21

translated from Bugia to Tloa Ùz partibus, and in 1843 was
appointed Assistant at the Pontifical Throne. At the restoration
of the hierarchy, in I 850, he was translated to the newly
created See of Liverpool. His health failing, Dr. Goss was
appointed to be his coadjutor with succession, and on Jan. 25,
1856, Bishop Brown died at Liverpool, and was buried in the
cemetery attached to St. Oswald's Church, Old Swan, near
Liverpool, where a handsome monument was erected to his
memory.
l1Ia::;iere Brady, Epis. Succession.
I. A Supplement to the Diurnal adapted to the English
Mission. 1833.
2. Pastorals.
3. Portrait, half length, litho.
Brown, James, priest, died a prisoner for the faith,
under condemnation of death, in Newgate, between 1640 and
1651.
.i1Iorris, Troubles, First Series.

Brown, James, D.D., Bishop of Shrewsbury, was born at
\V olverhampton, Jan. I I, 18 I 2. When nine years old, he was
sent to Sedgley Park School, from whence he was removed to
St. :Mary's College, Oscott, in 1826. He was ordained priest
in I 837, and remained at o scott, as Professor and Prefect of
Studies, until 1844, when he returned to Sedgley Park as Vice-
President, and, in 1844, was appointed President of that school.
On July 27, 185 I, he was consecrated for the newly created
See of Shrewsbury, which he held until his death, Oct. 14, 188 I.
Shortly before this, in July, 1879, Dr. Knight was ap
pointed his auxiliary, and succeeded to the See, April 25, 1882.
i1I a:âere Brady, Epis. Successio1t.
I. Pastorals.
2. A Pastoral Letter of the Right Rev. James Brown, D.D.,
Bishop of Shrewsbury, Dec. 8, 1855. Binningham, 1855. 12mo.,
pp.12.
3. A Sermon [on Fs. lxxxviü. 16] preached on the occasion of
the Silver Jubilee (i.e., the twenty-fifth year of the Episcopacy)
of the Bishop of Shrewsbury. By the Rev. Fr. John Morris, S.J.
Lond. (Roehampton printed), 1876. 8vo.
Brown, John, of Little Britain, London, bookseller, &c., is
named in Gee's "Foot out of the Snare," in 1624. In 1598
VOL. I. Y

3 22

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

he is referred to, with Henry Kirkham and others, as carrying
on the art of printing, or employing others to work for them.
Gee,. Timpcrley, Typo. Diet.

Brown, Levinius, Father S.J., son of Richard Brown,
of Norfolk, was born Sept. 19, 167 I. He was ordained
priest at the English College, Rome, and afterwards joined the
Jesuits, in 1698. From 1723 to 1731 he was Rector of the
English College, Rome, and was then appointed Rector at
Watten. In 1733 he was declared Provincial, and in 1737
became Rector of Liége. He was a friend of Pope, and
it was probably during his residence as missioner at Lady-
holt, in Sussex, the seat of the Carylls, that he induced
the great poet to compose his beautiful and well-known
version of St. Francis Xavier's hymn, "0 Deus, ego amo
Te," &c. His last years were spent in St. Orner's
College, and when his brethren were expelled from their
ancient seminary by a tyrannical Government, Oct. 19, 1762,
being too old and feeble to bear removal, he was allowed to
remain in the college until his death, Nov. 7, 1764, in the
94th year of his age.
Oliver, Collectanea Sf.,. Foley, R
eords Sf., Collcctanca.
I. Bossuet's History of the Variations of the Protestant
Churches. Antwerp, 1742, 8vo. 2 vols. Translated from the French. It
was reprinted, Dublin, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo., and elicited several attempts at
refutation. Charles Butler notices it in his "Book of the Roman Catholic
Church."
2. The manner of performing the Novena, and the Devotion
of Ten Fridays, in honour of St. Francis Xavier. 1741. 12mo.,
pp. 117. .
3. The Protestants' Trial by the Written Word. Brussels, 1745.
8vo., pp. 220. Reprinted in 1775, 1801, and 1843.

Brown, Sir Peter, of Kidlington, in Oxfordshire, being
mortally wounded at Naseby Fight, in defence of the Royal
cause during the Civil War, was conveyed to Northampton, where
he died.
Castlcmain, Cath. Apology.

Brown, Richard, bookseller, printer, and publisher, for
long held the position of the principal Catholic publisher in
London. He was the eldest son of William Brown, of Clifton,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 2 3

in the Fylde, Lancashire, by Helen, daughter of Mr. Richard
GradwelI, of the same place.
William Brown's elder brother, Thomas, married, in 1768,
Dorothy, another daughter of JVlr. Gradwell, and they were aunts
to Dr. Robert Gradwell, Coadjutor Bishop to Dr. Bramston,
of the London Vicariate.
Both the Browns and Gradwells were staunch Catholic fami-
lies, and had suffered heavily for their recusancy in the days of
persecution.
At an early age Richard Brown was placed in the business
of James Peter Coghlan, the eminent Catholic publisher of
London, who had married Richard's aunt, Elizabeth, the sister
of vVilliam Brown, of Clifton. On the death of 1\1r. Coghlan,
Feb. 20, 1800, his family having all taken to the Church,
his nephew took up the business with Patrick Keating
and his son George, under the style of Keating, Brown &
I{eating.
After the elder Keating's death, about 1820, the firm was
known as Keating & Brown.
They styled themselves printers to the R. R. the Vicars-
Apostolic, and commencing with considerable vigour, not
only continued "The Laity's Directory," which Coghlan had
published for so many years, but brought out a periodical,
entitled the Catholic Maga:::ille, which, however, was edited and
printed in Liverpool, and only lasted from Jan. to July, 180 I.
Some years later, in 1813, they proposed to publish a weekly
magazine called the Conciliator, but for some reason or other
it did not appear, and after two years they issued the Catholicon,
edited by l\1r. George Keating. Subsequently they were con.
nected with other periodical publications, none of which were
very successful, the Catholic body being far too small and poor
to support the expense entailed by the difficulties of circulating
a periodical before the introduction of railways.
Their establishment was in Duke Street, Grosvenor Square,
and here for many years the principal Catholic works were
published.
Mr. Brown died Feb. 25, I 837, aged 60; his younger
brother, the R. R. George Brown, D.D., was the first Bishop
of Liverpool, and died in 1856, aged 69; and his only son,
the Very Rev. Richard Dean Bro\\'n, died at Lancaster in
1868.

Y2

3 2 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

His widow, Jane, daughter of John Hemsworth, Esq., of
Strokestown, co. Roscommon, continued the business in part-
nership with George Keating; but Mr. James Smith, a convert,
taking advantage of Mr. Brown's death as a suitable oppor-
tunity for improving on "The Laity's Directory," brought out
H The Catholic Directory," in I 838, which was such a decided
advance on the olò publication that the latter only survived
two years, and the firm from this time went rapidly down.
In 1840 Mrs. Brown and George Keating dissolved partner-
ship, the former removing what was left of the business to
10 Duke Street, 1\1anchester Square. Here it languished for a
short time, and then Mrs. Brown retired into privacy, and died
March 23, 1860, aged 73.
Laity's Directories; Làth. Directory, I 84 I; Gillow, LallCa-
shire ReCl/Sallts, .1JI S.
I. The Laity's Directory; in the Church Service on Sundays
and Holy-Days. By Permission. Lond., Keating, Brown &
Keating, Printers to the R. R. the Vicars-Apostolic, 37 Duke
Street, Grosvenor Square. I80r, sm. 8vo.
"The Laity's Directory" was commenced br James Marmaduke in 1768,
but five years later J. P. Coghlan brought out a similar work under the same
title. Mannaduke was naturally incensed at this, and afterwards tenned his
the" Original Laity's Directory," which he published until his death in 1788.
Coghlan had now the field to himself, and held it until his death in 1800.
Keating & Co. improved on the old Directory, and embellished it with a
portrait and memoir, which was continued to the last issue, 1839, in which
were two portraits.
2. The Catholic Magazine and Reflector, Jan. to July, 1801, vol. i.
Printed for Keating, Brown & Keating, Lond., by T. Schofield, Liverpool,
sm.8vo. This was edited by a clergyman near Liverpool, and only the first
seven numbers were published.
3. The Catholicon; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. B. & K., monthly, commencing July, I8r 5.
The first five numbers were brought out under the title of-
4. The Publicist; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. 13. & K., monthly, 8vo., commencing July,
18 r 5, the title of which was changed as follows :-
5. The Catholicon; or, the Christian Philosopher: a Roman
Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. B. & K., monthly, 8vo., Jan. 1816 to
March 1818, five vols. Second Series, April to Dec. 1818.
6. The Catholic Spectator, Selector, and Monitor, or Catholicon.
Third Series. Lond. K. & B., 38 Duke St., Grosvenor Square, and of Ivy
Lane, Paternoster Row,8vo., monthly, price IS., Jan. 1823 to Dec. 1826,
four vols.
All the foregoing were edited by
lr. George Keating.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 2 5

7. The Catholic Journal. Lond. K. & B., 8vo., price 7d., weekly,
:\larch I, 1828, to March 1829. Edited by
Ir. Quin, who afterwards joined
the JIor1lillg Chro1liclc.
8. The Penny Catholic Magazine. Lond. K. & B., 8vo., price Id.,
weekly, commenced Sept. 7, 1839, and was completed in two and a halfvols.
jn 1840. Edited by Mr.
1. P. Haynes.
Brown, Thomas Joseph, O.S.B., D.D., Bishop of
Newport and l\lenevia, was born of Catholic parents at Bath,
:May 2, 1798. He received his primary education at a Pro-
testant school until he was ten years old, when he was sent to
the temporary College at _'\.cton Burnell, established by the
English Benedictines who had escaped from Douay during
the French Revolution. Here he entered the novitiate,
April 17, 1813. and removed with the College to Downside,
where he was professed, Oct. 28, 18 14. He was ordained
priest in London, :March 12, 1823. From 1822 to 1840 he
was Professor of Theology at Downside, of which he was Prior
from 1834 to 1840, and, in the lâ.tter year. was appointed
Bishop of Apollonia, and V.A. of the Welsh district created
in that year.
On the re-establishment of the hierarchy, in 1850, he was
translated to the united Sees of Newport and l\lenevia.
In 1858 Bishop Brown obtained the establishment of a
Monastic Chapter, at the Pro-Cathedral Monastery of St.
Michael and all the Holy Angels, at Clehonger, Hereford.
He died at Bullingham, April 12, 1880.
Ma:;iere Brady, Epis. SuccessioJl J' Oli'i'er, Collectious.
I. Various pamphlets in defence of Catholic doctrines.
2. A Letter to the Very Rev. Archdeacon Daubury, LL.D.,
Prebendary of Sarum, exposing the Misrepresentations, &c., of
his third chapter of Transubstantiation contained in the" Pro-
testant Companion." Lond. 1826, 8vo., pp. 45, dated Downside College,
Sept. 30, 1826.
3. Monita Confessariorum, originally written by Blessed Lconard of
the Order of St. Francis. Reprinted 1831.
4. Catholic Truth Vindicated against the Misconceptions and
Calumnies of "Popery Unmasked." No.1, containing a corre-
spondence between Mr. Brown and Mr. Newnham, and Messrs.
Batchellor and Newnham. Lond.6 Nos. (1834), 8vo.
This elicited-" Catholic Truth not assailed; an Examination of the Rev.
J. T. Brown's Catholic Truth Vindicated," by J. R. Page, 1834, 12mo. ; and
a correspondence ensued, :Mr. Page publishing the following tracts-" Popery
and Sophistry exposed. A Letter (in reply to one by T. J. B.)," &c. (1834),
Izmo. ; "A Reply to T. J. B.'s Letter to the Editor of the Bath Journal on

3 2 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

, Catholic Truth not assailed,'" 1834, 12mo.; "A Second Reply to T. J. B.'s
Letter to the Editor of the Bath Journal," &c., 18 3-h 12mo., &c.
5. He was requested by his Religious Superior to take part in a public
discussion against delegates of the Reformation Society, at Cheltenham, in
1830, and afterwards in Birmingham, Bath, and at Downside College.
"The Downside Discussion" was published from the pages of shorthand
writers engaged by both sides, under the title, "Substance of the Arguments
adopted by the Roman Catholic advocates in the recent discussion at Chel-
tenham on the Rule of Faith, collected from notes taken during the dis-
cussion." Cheltenham, 1830. 8vo.; Lond. 1830. 8vo. By Rev. T. J. Brown,
S.T.B.
" Letters to the Rev. T. J. B., in reply to his pamphlet professing to
contain an attested statement of the Cheltenham Discussion." 1830. 8vo.
" The Authenticated Report of the Discussion near Bath, February and
March, 1834. Subjects: The Rule of Faith, and the Sacrifice of the Mass,
R.c. speakers, Rev. T. J. B.," &c. 1836. 8vo.
"Supplement to the Downside Discussion." Lond. Bath (pr.) 1836. 8vo.
6. Exposure of the ingenious Devises of Mr. M'Ghee. 18 3 8 .
7. A series of controversial letters between Dr. Brown and the Rev.
Joseph Baylee, Principal of St. Aidan's College, Birkenhead.
Mr. Baylee published this correspondence, Lond. 1851, 18mo., and Dr.
Brown published it under the following title-Is the Church of Rome
infallible P Does the Scripture alone contain all required doc-
trines of belief P A controversy on the Infallibility of the
Church of Rome and the Doctrine of Article VI. of the Church
of England. Lond. Derby (pr.) 1852. 12mo.
A Letter, &c. In reference to Dr. B.'s controversy with Mr. Baylee,
by R. \V. B. Fielding, 8th Earl of Denbigh. Lond. 1851. 8vo.
8. Pastoral Charges upon the Lenten Fasts and other occurrences, pub-
lished annually from 1840, with the exception of a few years, to 1880.
9. A Sermon on [Cor. xv. 54-5J &c., at the Funeral of the R. R.
T. J. Brown, D.D., Bishop of Newport and Menevia, by the R. R.
J. E. C. Hedley, Bishop of Cæsaropolis. 1880. 8\'0.
10. Portrait, R. R. Thomas Joseph Brown, D.D., O.S.B., Bishop
of Newport and Menevia. 4to., July, 1880, an etching, also published
in the Dowllside Review.

Brown, William, martyr, a zealous Catholic layman, a
native of Northamptonshire, was accused of exhorting his
neighbours to embrace the Catholic faith, upon which charge
he was arraigned and condemned to suffcr as in cases of high
treason. He was executed at Ripon, Sept. 5, 1605.
Challollcr, llIemoirs.

Browne, Ann Ludovica, Poor Clare, Abbess, was the
daughter of John Browne, second son of Sir Anthony Browne,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 2 7

of Cowdray, Sussex, Knt., and younger brother of Anthony
Maria Browne, second Viscount Montague.
She joined the Poor Clares at Gravelines, where she was
professed in 1620, and three years later was sent with three
other nuns, Mary Clerk, Anne Anderton, and Frances Rook-
wood, to solicit assistance when their convent was brought into
great difficulties by fire and other misfortunes. They set up a
school at Dunkirk, and afterwards, in 1654, with the appro.
bation of the Bishop and Governor, converted their school into
a convent, when by due authority Sister Browne was elected
the first abbess. Two years later Dunkirk was taken by the
English, and the nuns were obliged to retire to Ghent. They
were encouraged, however, to return in the same year, and
proceeded to erect a new convent on the site where they
had before resided. The Lady Abbess Browne died in 1665,
aged 63.
The convent continued until it was involved in the miseries
of the French Revolution, when the nuns were imprisoned, with
others, in their own convent, in Oct. 1793, and subsequently
they were transferred, in the same month, to the convent of
their mother-house at Gravelines. vVhen at last they obtained
their liberty, and returned to their native country, they were pro-
vided with a house at Church Hill, near Worcester, by the
liberality of the Berkeley family of Spetchley Park. There they
continued about twenty years, and gradually became extinct.
Petre, .1Votice of EJlg. Colleges alld COIlVellts Abroad; Dodd,
Ck. Hist.

Browne, Anthony, Viscount Montague, or Montacute,
K.G., was the son of Sir Anthony Brown, who died 3 Edward
VI., one of the executors of Henry VIII., to whom he was
Master of the Horse.
In the extraordinary and sudden changes of religion and
position, one of his sisters became the wife of Lord John Grey,
a Puritan, and the other was the Countess of Kildare, a pious
lady whom the people of Dublin much esteemed. In the first
year of the reign of Queen Mary he was created Viscount
Montague in right of descent through the female line from the
ancient house of Neville, and filled several important positions
during her reign, especially when he and the Bishop of Ely
were commissioned by the Queen and Parliament to tender their

3 28

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

submission and sue for reconciliation with the Pope at
Rome.
His abilities in the field were equal to those in the Cabinet,
and at the battle of St. Quintin's, when he commanded a
division of the English army, he greatly distinguished himself
by his bravery. He was a zealous maintainer of the old
religion, and inherited the principles and the fearlessness of the
Countess of Salisbury. Upon the accession of Elizabeth to the
throne, none of the temporal lords spoke with more freedom
than Lord Montague in opposition to the Reformation, and yet
he behaved himself so prudently afterwards, that he never
appears to have lost the Queen's favour, for she employed him
on many occasions, both civil and military. So she did several
other Catholics, until otherwise influenced by politicians about
her under pretence that they were in the intercst of Spain, though
it is well known that Catholics as a body have always been the
most loyal.
Lord Montague was certainly the most favoured Catholic
with the Protestant party in the reign of Elizabeth. She
despatched him to Spain, upon her accession to the throne, as
her special ambassador, an action which drew forth a most
pleasing and kind letter from Philip to his "dearly beloved
sister." This loving epistle to H Golden Eliza" is still extant.
He died Oct. I 9, 1592. His first wife was Anne, daughter
of Robert Ratcliff, by whom he had a son, Sir Anthony
Browne, Knt., who died before his father, July 3 1 , 1592,
leaving a son, Anthony l\laria Browne, who succeeded his
grandfather as second Viscount Montague.
His second wife, l\lagdalene, daughter of William, Lord
Dacre of Gillesland, of N aworth Castle, Cumberland, where she
was born in I 538, survived her husband and died Jan. 2 I,
1608. Her beautiful and exemplary life was written in Latin
by Richard Smith, Bishop of Chalcedon, and contains matter
of much historical interest.
Her house was called" Little Rome," for it was the resort of
priests during the whole of Queen Elizabeth's reign, thc peers'
houses being still privileged. The account given of the domestic
arrangements and the religious life in this house is most curious
and almost unique.
Dodd, Ch. His/.,o Burke, His!. Portraits of the Tudor

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 2 9

DY1lasty; Smith, Life of Lady J1Iolltacute
. Jessopp, Onc Gellc-
ratioll of a Norfolk Holtse.
I. The Speeches and honorable Entertainment given to the
Queene's Majestie in progresse at Cowdrey in Sussex, by the
Right HoD,. the Lord Montacute. Lond. 1591. 4to.
2. Vita Illustrissimæ, Ac Piisimæ Dominæ Magdalenæ
Montis-Acuti in Anglia Vice.comitissæ: Scripta per Richardum
Smitheum Lincolniensem, Sacræ Theologiæ Doctorem, qui illi
erat à sacris Confessionibus. Ad Edwardum Farnesium S.R.E.
Card. Illustrissimum, et Angliæ Protectorem. Romæ, Apud
Jacobum Mascardum, 1609, Superiorum permissu. Sm. 4to.,
pp. 83, inclusive of title. Dr. Jessopp refers to another edition, sine loco aut
anno, 16mo.
The translation, which is rarely met with, is entitled "The Life of the
most Honourable and V ertuous Lady, the Lady Magdalen Viscountesse
:i\Iontague, written in Latin and published soon after her death by Richard
Smith, Doctour of Divinity, and her Confessour. And now translated into
English by C. F., Permissu Superiorum." 1627. 4to. It is dedicated to the
R. Hon. Anthony Maria, Viscount ::\10ntague, by C. F.

Browne, Richard, brother to Sir George Browne, was a
lieutënant-colonel in the Royal army, and lost his life during
the Civil War.
Castlcmain, Cath. Apology.

Browne, William, S.J., was third son of Sir Anthony
Browne, by Maria, daughter of \Villiam Dormer, of Ethrop,
Bucks, and grandson of Sir Anthony Browne, first Viscount
Montague. His brother, Anthony Maria Browne, succeeded
his grandfather as second Viscount Montague. He was born
in Bucks in I 578-9, and entered the Society of Jesus in 16 14.
So profound was his humility that, although a man of consi-
derable talent, in addition to his high position in life and
education, he chose the lower degree of Temporal Coadjutor.
He rendered much valuable assistance in the purchase of the
College at Liége in 16 I 4, and died there of the plague,
Aug. 14, 1637, aged 59, taken, it is believed, in attending the
sick of the pestilence. His life is given in "Records S.J.,"
vol. ii. p. 428,
I. An ascetical work upon Thomas à Kempis' "Imitation of Christ,"
16mo., pp. 760, divided into 34 chapters. MS." Stonyhurst Library."

Brunetti, Joseph, Father S.J., born in London, July 25,
1671, was sent to St. Omer's College, and entered the Society

33 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

at Watten, in 1689. In 1698-9 he was a missioner in Worces-
tershire, and from items in old account-books he appears to
have taught a small school opened by the Fathers in their
farm-house of Eveslench, about seven miles from Worcester.
He afterwards removed to the Hampshire district, and died
at Rotterdam, Jan. 17, 1715, aged 44. Nothing further is
known of this school.
Foley, Records S.]., Collectallea.

Bruning, Anthony, Father S.J., was the eldest son of
George Bruning, Esq., of East Meon and Froxfield, in Hants,
by his first wife, Mary, daughter of Christopher Bryon, of
Sussex. He was born Dec. 7, 17 I 6, and entered the Society
of Jesus in 1733. After teaching philosophy he was sent upon
the English mission, and, in 1746, was a missioner in London.
Subsequently he became Professor of Theology at Liége, and
died there Aug. 8, 1776, aged 60.
Foley, Records S.]., Collecta/zea.
I. De Gratia. MS., a treatise.
2. De Deo. MS.
3. De Trinitate. MS.
Bruning, George, Father S.J., was the youngest son of
George Bruning, Esq., of East Meon and Froxfield, co. Hants,
by his second wife, Anne, daughter of Thomas May, of Rams-
dale, Hants. He was born Sept. 19, 1738, and entered the
Society in 1756. He served the mission of Southend, Hants,
for some years, and resided aftcrwards for a time at East Hen.
dred, Berks, with his brother-in-law, Thomas John Eyston, Esq.,
who, in I 743, married his half-sister, Mary. Fr. Bruning died
at Isleworth, June 3, 1802, aged 64.
pòley, Records S .]., Collectmzea.
I. The Divine Economy of Christ in his Kingdom or Church,
as practised, taught and ordained by Himself to continue
according to Scripture alone. Lond. 1791. 8vo.
2. Remarks on the Rev. Joseph Derington's Examination of
Events termed Miraculous in Italy. Land. 1796. 8vo.
Brushford, John, priest, confessor of the faith, was born
in the diocese of Exeter, in J 5 59, and was one of the first
alumni of the English College, Rome, I 578-9, where he was
ordained priest, and scnt to England in May, 1585. Some

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

33 1

time afterwards he returned to the Continent, and was at Paris
and Douay in I 590.
After a severe illness he was advised, in 1592, to return to
England for change of air and mode of life.
He was seized on his landing at the port and thrust into
prison, from whence he was removed to vVisbeach Castle,
where he soon after died, in the year 1593, at the early age
of 34.
Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii., and Roman Diary; DOllay
Diaries.

Buckenham, Robert, O.S.D., was Prior of the house
belonging to his Order at Cambridge, and was created B.D.
in 1524, and D.D. in 1531. He was one of the leading
opponents of Hugh Latimer in this University, and after the
dissolution of monasteries resided for a short time at Edin-
burgh, from whence he proceeded to Louvain, and it is said
was one of the parties concerned in the seizure of vVilliam
Tyndal at Antwerp. He was living in 1536.
Cooper, A tit. Cmztab.
I. De reconciliatione locorum S. Scripturæ. MS. in the
English College, Rome.
Buckenham, William, D.D., of Gonville Hall, in the
University of Cambridge, was made B.D. in 1502, and occurs
as an arbitrator between the University and the Priory of
Barnwell in 1506. He commenced D.D. in 1507, and was
Vice-Chancellor of the University in I 509, and again in I 5 10.
He was instituted to the vicarage of the Holy Sepulchre, Cam-
bridge, Oct. 16, 15 12, and in the same year was presented to
the rectory of St. Michael Coslany, Norwich. He resigned
his mastership in 1536, and died at Norwich, June 18,1540,
being in his 81st year. He adorned the church of St.I\:Iichael
Coslany, and rebuilt the parsonage-house. Part of the build-
ings at Gonville Hall were erected by his brother Nicholas,
who gave the college lands in Haddenham.
Cooper, Atlt. Cmztab.
I. A collection of documents relative to the University of Cambridge,
known as the Old Black Book, compiled during his Vice-Chancellorship.
Buckland, Edmund Thomas, D.D., O.S.B., vide Edmund
Thomas Hill.

332

IHBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Buckland, Ralph, priest, was born, about 1564, at \Vest
Harptre, the ancient seat of his family in Somersetshire. He
was sent to Oxford about the age of fifteen, and was admitted
commoner in l\'Iagdalen College in 1579, where he acquired
considerable academic learning, and afterwards spent some
years in one of the Inns of Court. Besides the law, his
favourite pursuit was reading books of controversy, which filled
him with scruples regarding the truth of the Established
Church, and at length ended in his conversion to the Catholic
faith.
He was heir to a large estate, which he generously forewent
with the intention of taking Orders abroad. Accordingly, he
proceeded to the English College, Douay, where, under the
date Sept. 23, 1583, he is recorded in the Diary as having
received the tonsure, and subsequently the four minor Orders.
On Feb. 22, 1585-6, he set out for the English College,
Rome, where he completed his studies, and was ordained priest.
He returned to the English College, then removed from Douay
to Rheims, in 1588, and on Sept. 26, in that year, left for the
English mission.
Here his zeal for the salvation of souls obtained for him the
honour, like St. Paul, of being the" Vinctus Christi] esu." He
was one of the forty-seven priests sent from different gaols, in
I 606, into banishment, but he appears to have risked a return
to England, where he laboured as a missioner until his death
in I 6 I I.
It is noted in the Douay Diaries that he was the donor of
a silver reliquary containing a piece of St. Thomas of Canter-
bury's hair shirt, with attec:;tations of its authenticity, approved
by the Bishop of Arras in 1623, which was preserved at the
college in Dodd's time.
Dodd, Clt. His!. ,. Doltay Diaries,. Foley, Records S J., Roman
Diary.

1. The Lives of the Saints, translated from Surius. Several vols.
2. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant Churches.
3. Seaven Sparkes of the Enkindled Soule, with Foure
Lamentations, which, composed in the hard times of Q.Elizabeth,
may be used at all times, when this Church hapneth to be ex-
treamly persecuted. Printed with license. [Rome, 1603.] 121110.
By R. n. P.
Ded. to his mother, B. B. It is a collection of ejaculations, drawn out

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

333

of the Holy Scriptures after the form of psalms, full of most fervent devotion
for the reconciliation of England and Scotland to the Church of Rome.
This is the work cited by Dr. Usher, the learned Irish Archbishop, in a
sermon preached at Oxford, Nov. 5, 1640, by which he endeavoured to per-
suade his audience that the Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy of the whole
Catholic body, by telling them that public prayers were ordered in the
Catholic chapels for the success of the attempt, and in support of his con-
tention he quoted the following passage from Mr. Buckland's work-"but
the memory of novelties shall perish with a crash, as a ruinous house falling
to the ground," which, he pretended to interpret, applied to the blowing up of
the Houses of Parliament.
4. An Embassage from Heaven. 8vo. A copy is in the Bodleian
Library.
5. De Persecutione Vandalica; a translation from the Latin of
Victor, Bishop of Biserte, or Utica.

Buckley, or Bulkeley, Arth ur, Bishop of Bangor,
belonged to an ancient family in the Isle of Anglesey, and was
educated at Oxford, where he was created doctor of canon
law. He was consecrated Bishop of Bangor in 1541, and ap-
pears to have gone all the lengths of the reigns of Henry VIII.
and Edward VI., but returned to the faith of his ancestors
under Queen Mary.
Godwin (U De Præsul. Angl.") relates a very remarkable story
concerning this bishop. Living in the times of plunder and
sacrilege, when the Church was freely despoiled of both goods
and lands, he sold five curious bells, which belonged to his
cathedral, and going to the sea-shore to see them shipped off,
he was suddenly struck blind, and so remained until his death
in I 5 5 5.
l\Iaziere Brady gives the date of his death two years earlier.
His consecration was of course not recognised at Rome.
Dodd, Ch. His!.; Brady, Episc. Successioll, vol. i. p. 83.

Buckley, John, martyr; 'L,ide Godfrey Jones.
Buckley, Robert Sigebert, O.S.B., is so intimately
connected with the continuity of the Benedictine Order in
England that his name will ever be venerated as the connecting
link between the old and new Congregations. Born in I 5 17, he
entered the Benedictine Order, and was professed under Abbot
Feckenham at Westminster Abbey in Queen Mary's time, but
when her too brief reign came to a close, Elizabeth dispersed
the community at Westminster, and during her long sway,

334

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

persecution and banishment were added to the loss of thE
colleges and the monasteries, and the total extinction of the
old Benedictine Order was imminent. Under these circum-
stances a noble effort was made by a band of heroic volunteers,
inspired with a desire for the Benedictine habit, in the hope
that they might be allowed to return to England to resuscitate
the glory of the old Benedictine name. Their attention was
directed to the monasteries of Italy and Spain, and the strength
of the feeling may be estimated from the fact that no less than
fifty-two applied for admission. In 160 I application was
made to the Holy See to permit the English who had been
professed in the Cassinese Congregation, to return to their
native country and recommence the work of St. Augustine and
S1. Paulin us ; and, in 1602, Clement VIII., like St. Gregory the
Great, sent these monks with his approval and blessing to
work for the conversiOl of England, and soon after a similar
brief was issued to those in the Spanish Congregation. The
missioners entered the proscribed land, and were placed under
the jurisdiction of two superiors who acted as the Vicars of the
Cassinese and Spanish Generals.
In 1603, at Cisson, near vVendham, in Norfolk, at the house
of l\lr. Francis \Vodehouse, lived Fr. Sigebert Buckley, the
venerable patriarch of upwards of 85 years of age, who had
been professed under Abbot Feckenham at vVestminster. He
was the last of his race, the sole survivor of the old Benedictines.
Forty-four years of his long life had been spent within prison
walls for refusing the oath of supremacy: his frame was bent,
his step feeble, his eye dimmed, his mind unclouded, and like
Simeon of old his days had been prolonged, that he might see
the fulfilment of his long hope and prayer for the restoration
of the Order in England. In the midst of his solitude and
rest, there came to him one day two young and earnest priests,
Fr. Anselm Beech and Fr. Thomas Preston, who told him that
they were Englishmen and Benedictines, and had arrived from
Italy with a mission from the Pope to re-establish the Order in
England. The meeting "\-vas a touching one: on the one hand,
the speechless delight and gratification of the venerable monk
at this answer to his life-long prayer, his long-deferred hope,
bis waiting for the dawn of a new day, the opening of a new
spring; and, on the other, the elation and enthusiasm of the
young men who, at the very threshold of their career, were

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

335

guided by Providence to the feet of the last survivor of a glorious
past.
The intercourse was long: the old man's words of welcome
and thankfulness mingled with the expressions of attachment
and veneration of the young missioners: the records of the past
were recalled, the hopes of the future discussed, and they
united in the strong determination that, if possible, the old
English Congregation and traditions should be perpetuated by
the means of the venerable Fr. Sigebert.
The proposal was communicated to the superiors in Italy,
and it was arranged that the next postulants should be clothed
and professed in England by Fr. Buckley, that the connection
with the old Congregation might be unbroken. Unfortunately,
at this juncture the fire of bigotry was rekindled by the
Gunpowder Plot, and one of the victims was Fr. Sigebert
Buckley, who in spite of his great age and infirmity again
found himself in the cell of a prison.
The incarceration of the venerable patriarch threatened to
overthrow the arrangement, but the importance of the con-
nection and the zeal of the new missioners overcame every
obstacle.
Fr. Robert Sadler and Fr. Edward l\Iaihew, two secular
priests who applied to become Benedictines, were clothed with
the habit, and passed the year of noviceship under the direction
of the Italian Fathers. On Nov. 21, 1607, the Feast of the
Presentation of Our Lady, they were brought to the Gatehouse
Prison in London, and conducted to the cell of Fr. Sigebert
Buckley to be professed. It was a strange scene; the dull
November light peering through the barred window, shed a
glimmer on the rough ungarnished walls, the bare table, the
rude bench, and the mat that served for the prison bed: the
feeble bent figure of the confessor of the faith, in his 91 st
year, with his pale face and glistening eyes that with the
excitement had regained their brightness, formed a contrast to
the kneeling forms of the two novices in the prime of life with
eager faces lit up with religious fervour. He received their
vows, with trembling hands he arranged their habits, he gave
them the kiss of peace, and then-the sight left his eyes and he
became stone-blind: the last objects that on earth his eyes
looked upon were his newly born children of St. Benedict.
N ever perhaps in the history of the Church is there recorded

33 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

an act of similar significance, for by that profession were com-
municated all the rights and privileges of the old Benedictines
in England; all that Benedictines could claim for a thousand
years werc centred in himself as the sole survivor, and com-
municated to his disciples in that rough cell in the Gatehouse.
This act of Fr. Buckley was formally confirmed by Paul V. in
1612, by the Brief Cum aCCCpilll11S. Fr. Sigebert was shortly
after released from prison; FF. Anselm Beech and Robert
Preston guided the steps of the blind old patriarch to a safe
retreat at \Vendham, ministered to him in his declining years
with the affection of children, and, when his days were
accomplished, comforted his deathbed, and watched him pass
away to his reward on Feb. 22, 1610, at the advanced age
of 93. He was buried at Pontshall, in Surrey.
Snow, Nccrology of the E1lglish BellcdictÙles,o Dodd, Ch. Hist.

Budge, Lucy, wife of a citizen of York, died a prisoner
for the faith in the Ousebridge Kidcote, March 19, 1 587-8, and
was buried on Toft Green.
Foley, Records S.]., vol. iii.

Bullaker, Thomas, O.S.F., martyr, called in religion
John Baptist, was born at Chichester, Sussex, about the year
1604. His father was a Catholic and a noted physician, and
was able to give his son a liberal education. At the age of
eighteen he was sent to the English College at St. Omer, under
the care of the Jesuits, and from thence he proceeded with others
to the English College at Valladolid, in Spain. Here he con.
ceived a strong desire to embrace the austerity, poverty, and
humility of the Franciscan Order, and with the approval of his
superiors obtained admission into the celebrated convent of the
Spanish Recollects at Abrojo, six miles from Valladolid.
There he passed his noviceship and made his profession, and
then was sent to another convent of the Order to study
philosophy, ultimately returning to Valladolid for his divinity,
which he began there but finished at Segobia. Having been
ordained priest, his provincial told him to return to labour in
his own native c
untry. He proceeded on foot, begging his
way, until he reached Bordeaux, where he obtained passage in
an English vessel and landed safe at Plymouth.

OF THE E
GLISII CATHOLICS.

337

The captain of the vessel, however, gave information to the
authorities, and Father Bullaker was arrested at the inn where
he had put up, and brought before the :Mayor of Plymouth.
After examination, he was committed to a loathsome gaol in
the town, where he remained for eight days without any other
bed but the filthy floor of his cell in the midst of a severe
winter.
He was then removed to that den of infection, the county
gaol at Exeter, where he had to pass the remainder of the
winter of 1630 with the commonest felons for companions.
At the next Lent Assizes he was produced for trial, but the
only evidence brought against him was that of a sailor, who
showed a book taken from the prisoner, which he called a
IVlissal. On its' being examined by the court, it turned out to
be a Spanish history, which the Father had procured to amuse
himself during his voyage, and as no proof could be adduced of
his priestly character he was sent up to London, and in the
meantime some friends interested themselves in his favour at
Court, and he was discharged. The sufferings endured in his
imprisonment brought on a violent fever, from which he
recovered, indeed, but left him with a ruined constitution.
His Superior then sent him into the country, where he
devoted almost the whole of the eleven remaining years of his
life to the instruction and service of the poor and afflicted.
In 1642, inflamed with a desire for martyrdom, he obtained
leave from his superior to remove to London, and here, on
Sunday, Sept. I I, in that year, whilst celebrating Mass in the
house of :Mrs. Powell, the daughter of Sir Henry Browne, of
the Montague family, he was seized by the apostate and pur-
suivant \Vadsworth, and hurried before the Sheriff of London,
who committed him to the New Prison.
On the following Tuesday he was carried to Westminster
to be examined before a Committee of Parliament appointed
for the purpose, who sent him to N ewgate to await his trial.
He was indicted upon a charge of high treason, for being a
Catholic priest, convicted, and on Oct. 12, 1642, brought
out of prison, laid on a sledge, and so drawn to Tyburn, where
he was hanged and quartered, being only 38 years of age.
Challoller, .lIIemoirs; j1{ aS01l, Certamell Seraphic1tlll; Oliver,
Collections.

VOL. I.

z

33 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

I. Portrait, Joannes Baptista, alias Bullaker, Ordinis F. F.
Minorum Recollectorum Provinciæ Angliæ; Martyrio coro-
natus 12 Oct. 1642. Sm. 4to. Published in the" Certamen Seraphicum."

Bullen, Edward, Esq., son of Robert Bullen, a solicitor
at Taunton, co. Somerset, was born there April 3, 18 I 3.
He was educated at the English Benedictine College at
Douay, and afterwards entered as a law student at Lincoln's
Inn, and subsequently became a member of the Hon. Society
of the IVliddle Tetr.ple. From 1836 until his death he practised
in London as a certificated special pleader.
On Sept. 2, 1837, he married Louisa, daughter of Norbert
Cosyn, of Samer, in France, and died July 19, 1868, aged 55,
being buried in the Catholic Cemetery at Kensal Green.
COJltemporary Notices.
I. A Practical Treatise on the Law of Distress for Rent, and
of Things Damage-Feasant. Lond. 1842. 8vo.
2. Bullen and Leake's Precedents of Pleadings. Lond. 1860.
8vo.; frequently reprinted; of which
e was joint-author.

Bullock, George, D.D., was born in or about the year
152 I. It has been conjectured that he had his early education
at Eton, whence he removed to St. John's College, Cambridge.
He proceeded B.A. 1538-9, was soon afterwards elected
Fellow of St. John's College, and commenced M.A. in 1542. He
was Proctor of the University for the year commencing Oct. 1549.
During the time he held that office the University was visited
under a Royal Commission. In 1550-1 he was examined on
the trial of Bishop Gardiner in support of his matter of justi-
fication, he having been present at the Bishop's sermon before
the king on the Feast of St. Peter, 1549. During the reign of
Edward VI., Mr. Bullock left England on account of his dislike
to the Reformation. He resided in the Abbey of Nevers, in
France, for two years. Returning to his native country upon
the accession of Queen Mary, that Sovereign presented him to
the rectory of Great Mongeham, in Kent, in Oct. 1553, and to
a canonry in the church of Durham, May 9, I 554. On the
12th of the last-mentioned month he was admitted Master of
St. John's College, having been unanimously elected by his
fellows. In the same year he proceeded B.D. He was
admitted to the vicarage of St. Sepulchre, London, on the
Queen's presentation, Feb. I I, 1554-5, signed the Catholic

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

339

Articles 1555, and became Lady l\largaret Professor of Divinity
in I 556, in which year he resigned the vicarage of St. Sepulchre.
About the same time he obtained the rectory of Much l\lunden,
Hertfordshire. During the visitation of the University by
Cardinal Pole's delegates he was one of the persons examined
to substantiate the charge of heresy against Bucer previously to
the exhumation of his body. He was created D.D. J 5 57. Soon
after the accession of Elizabeth, he was deprived of the master-
ship of St. John's, the Lady IVlargaret professorship, his canonry
at Durham, and the rectory of 1\iuch Munden, for refusing to
take the oath of supremacy. He then left England, but was
captured and spoiled of everything by pirates.
Ultimately, however, he got to Vevers again, and resided
there for several years, being very kindly entertained by the
Abbot, by whom he was sent to the University of Paris with
letters of introduction.
About 1567 he removed to Antwerp, and read a divinity
lecture in the lVlonastery of St. Michael there.
\Villiam Roper, Esq., was imprisoned in 1568 for having
sent;[5 to Dr. Bullock beyond sea, but seems to have obtained
his release on acknowledging his offence before the lords of the
Council. Dr. Bullock died at Antwerp in or about the year
I 580, and was burieù in the l\1:onastery of St. Michael.
Cooper, A tltell. Cmztab.
I. <Economia ConcordantiarumScripturæ Sacræ. Antwerp, 1567;
1572, fo1. ; Venice, 1585, 2 vols. foI., the first vol. ded. to Pope Gregory XII I.,
the second to Michael :\Ialena, Abbot of Nevers.
2. It may be inferred from the proceedings against Mr. Roper that Dr.
Bullock was, or was suspected to have been, the author of some of those
numerous publications against the Queen's supremacy which appeared abroad
and were surreptitiously imported into England.

Bulmer, Henry Taylor, artist, for some time resided in
Preston, Lancashire, where he painted the altar-piece at St.
Augustine's in 1840. He also decorated St. Cuthbert's, North
Shields, and several other churches in various parts of the
country. His principal work, however, was in portraiture, in
which he did not display any great merit.
He died at his residence, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Dec, 6, 1857,
aged 46.
Gillow, Lanc. RccusaJzts, MS.

Z 2

340

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Bulmer, one, of Holborn, London, bookseller, is named in
. I 624 as a Catholic.
Gee, Foot out of the S1lare.
Bulstrode, Sir Richard, Knt., born in 16 10, was the
eldest son of Edward Bulstrode, of the Inner Temple, a
favourite of Cromwell, who, in 1649, made him one of the
Justices of N orth Wales.
After a preliminary education he was sent to Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge, where he continued his studies for several years.
From Cambridge he went to the Inns of Court, and was entered
at the Inner Temple. In due course he was admitted to the
Bar, and practised his profession until the breaking out of the
Civil War, when his principles, which were very different from
those of his father, caused him to throw off the gown for the
army. His prudence, bravery, and military capacity soon
attracted the attention of Charles I., who appointed him
Adjutant-General of his army, and afterwards Quarter.Master-
General, in which post he continued to serve until the disband-
ing of the king's forces at Truro. Some years after the
Restoration, Charles II. sent him as Agent to reside at Brussels,.
as a reward for his long and faithful services to the Crown.
He returned to England in 1675 to give an account of his
negotiations, with which the king was so well satisfied that he
conferred on him the honour of knighthood, and after a few
months sent him back again to the Court at Brussels in the
position of Resident.
Sir Richard continued in this office until the death of Charles 11.,
when James II. raised him to the degree of Envoy at the same
Court, where he remained until after the Revolution.
It is probable that it was while Envoy at Brussels that he
became a Catholic.
Faithful to his royal master, he soon followed him to the
Court of St. Germains, wher
he lived in retirement about
twenty years, and ended his days Oct. 3, 17 I I, having attained
the extraordinary age of 101 years.
He was twice married, first to the daughter of Edward
Dyneley, of Charleton, near Eversham, co. Worcester, sister of
Sir Edward Dyneley ; and, secondly, to a daughter of M. Stam-
ford, Envoy to the English Court from the Duke of N ewbourg,
afterwards Elector Palatine of the Rhine.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

'34 1

By his first wife he had two sons, the younger of whom,
\Vhitlocke Bulstrode, Prothonotary of the l\larshal's Court, was
an author of considerable repute; and by his second wife, who
survived him, Sir Richard left three sons and four daughters.
He was endowed with great bodily strength and firmness,
and when over fourscore years of age would often walk twelve
miles in a morning and study as many hours in a day.
He was an accomplished courtier, consistent throughout his
political course, and, in the important affairs with which he
was commissioned, ever behaved with ability, integrity, and
secrecy.
Sir Richard's second family were brought up Catholics. His
son Dom Joseph Bulstrode, who apparently was knighted by
James II. at St. Germains, had a son James, born in 1724, who
was educated, at the expense of the exiled claimant to the
English throne, James III., in the English College, Rome, and
after his ordination obtained a canonry at Seclon, in Flanders.
A daughter, Charlotte, married Sir Laurence Wood, Knt.,
physician to James III. Some of Sir Richard's younger
children were under age at the time of his death.
The family were descended from the territorial lords of Bul-
strode, near Beaconsfield, co. Bucks, where they were seated in .
Saxon times, and adopted the name of Bulstrode, according to
tradition, under very curious circumstances.
Bysshe, Epis. Ded. to Orig. Letters,. TV. Bulstrode, Jlisccl.
Essays.
I. A Poem on the Birth of the Duke of York. Lond. 1721. 8vo.
\Vritten in 1633, at Cambridge, where the original MS. was formerly
extant in the Collections of the Poems of that University.
2. Original Letters written to the Earl of Arlington by Sir R. B.,
Envoy at the Court of Brussels from K. Charles II., &c., containing
the most remarkable Transactions, both in Court and Camp,
during his Ministry, particularly the Famous Bat.tel of Seneff,
between the Prince of Orange and the Prince of Conde. With a
Preface, giving an account of the Author's Life and Family.
Lond. 1712. 8vo. Ded. by E. Bysshe, the editor, to George, Earl of
Cardigan.
Besides the Epistle Dedicatory and Preface, this work contains thirteen of
his poems, in Latin verse, which clearly define his faith, and also an extract
of a letter to his son concerning Retirement, written a few years before his
death. The Letters themselves, pp. 176, were all written in 1674 to the
Secretary of State, with the exception of two to Sir Robert Southwell.
3. The Lives of Charles I., Charles II., and James II. J\tSS.

34 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

These lives were left ready for the press, and eventually were printed under
the two following titles :-
4. Life of James II. Rome. 1711.
5. Memoirs and Reflections upon the Reign and Government of
K. Charles I. and K. Charles Ir., containing an account of several
remarkable facts not mentioned by other historians of those
times; wherein the characters of the Royal Martyr and of
K. Charles II. are vindicated from fanatical aspersions. Written
by Sir R. B., now flrst published from his original MS. Lond.
1721. 8vo., pp. 439.
6. Miscellaneous Essays, with the Life and Conversion of St.
Mary Magdalen, with seme Reflections upon the Conversion of the
Good Thief; also, the Life and Conversion of St. Paul. Published,
with a Preface, by his son, Whitlocke Bulstrode, Esq. Lond. 17 1 5.
8vo., pp. xxxii. 390.
These essays were very highly commended by persons to whom they were
shown during the author's lifetime. His son, who was not a Catholic, in his
preface, refers to his father having written this work at the age of 90, and
thinks it necessary to make excuses for the Catholic tendency he displays in
the life of Mary Magdalen. He says: "In the Author's Discourse on this
Subject, he hath rathcr played the Prelate than the Gentleman, and having
read the Fathers hereon, has been a little tainted with their Gingle ;" and he
further adds, " I 1's a hard matter for a man that writes on a Divine subject,
and who consults what the Fathers have said thereon, not to run into their
stile, and conform to their way of expression. And thus the Author has done
in this, as well as in the preceding Essay."
7. Florilegium Metricum, sive Poemata Sacra. MS.
\Vhen about 80 years of age he wrote in Latin verse 185 Elegies and
Epigrams on religious subjects, "De Annuntiatione D.M. Virginis," "De
N ativitate Domini nostri J esu Christi," "De Passione," " De Resurrectione,"
"De Ascensione," "De Conversione S. Pauli," "De N uptiis in Cana
Galileæ," "Pugna Draconis cum S. l\lichaele." &c., prefaced with a poem,
" Ad Candidum Lectorem."
These he prepared for the press, and, some time before his death, sent them
over to his son \Vhitlocke to be published, but that worthy gentleman
thought that they would ill agree with the religious temper of the age, and
declined to print them.
8. Letters to the Earl of Arlington, 1674, the Duke of Lauder-
dale, 1678, J. Ellis, 1678, J. Caryll, 1688, and Queen Mary of
Modena. Brit. Mus. Add. MSS.

Burden, Edward, priest, martyr, was a native of the
Bishopric of Durham, and was admitted a Fellow of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford. Quitting the University, he proceeded
to the English College, then at Rheims, where he was ordained
priest in I 584, and sent to England two years later. Falling
into the hands of the pursuivants, he was tried and condemned for

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

343

being a priest, and was banged, drawn, and quartered at York,
Nov. 29, 1588.
Challoller, .lVlemoirs
. Doltay Diaries.
Burder, George Bernard, O. Cist., D.D., abbot, was the
son of the well-known Dissenting minister and writer, George
Burder, and his wife, Miss Harrison, of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
His father, whose memory is held in high esteem by his co-
religionists, has left behind him a considerable reputation as a
hymnodist. After preaching at Ulverstone and Lancaster, he
was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church at Lancaster,
in I 778, and remained there until the latter end of I 783, when
he went to Coventry, and subsequently to London, where he
died in 1832, his marriage having taken place while he was at
Lancaster in I 78 I.
George Burder, the son, was educated at Magdalen College.
Oxford, and having taken his degree of 1\1.A., was appointed
to the curacy of Ruardean. He became a convert in the
Tractarian movement, and was received into the Church at
Oscott College, Jan. 24, 1846. Subsequently he was ordained
priest, and joined the Cistercians at 1\iount St. Bcrnard's
Abbey, Leicestershire, where he filled the offices of Sub-Prior
and Prior, and was at length consecrated Abbot. He died
Sept. 26, 188 I.
Browne, Tract. JIO'i.lelllellt,o Tablet, Sept. 18, 1852; Miller,
Singers alld Songs of the Church.
I. The Souls in Purgatory. Translated from the French of
Bouguets. Land. 1873. 32n10.
2. The Consoler; or Pious Readings addressed to the Sick
and all who are Affiicted. By Père Lambilotte. Translated
from the French. Lond. 1873. 8vo.
3. St. Bernard and his Work. Translated from the French
of Caussette. Lond. 1874. 16mo.
4. Confidence in the Mercy of God. Translated from the
French of Mgr. Languet de Villeneuve de Gergy, successively
Bishop of Soissons, &c. Lond. 1876. 8vo.
5. The Christian Life and Virtues considered in the Re.ligious
State. Translated from the French of C. Gay, Bishop of Anthe.
don. Lond. 1878. 8vo.
6. Portrait, engr. from a photo. by Maynal, 1855, 23 by 17.

Burgess, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Clifton, was born
Oct. I, 1791, near Preston, in Lancashire, and was nephew of

344

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Fr. James Bede Burgess, O.S.B., who was born at Clayton, in
1768, where the family had long resided, and in the days of
persecution had suffered considerably for their faith. He was
educated at the Benedictine College at Ampleforth, where he
was professed, Oct. 13, 1807.
He was elected Prior of Ampleforth in 18 I 8, and whilst still
holding that office, in 1830, was persuaded with Dr. Rooker
and Fr. Edward Metcalfe to join Dr. Balnes, and become secu-
larized, in order to raise up the new collegiate establishment at
Prior Park, Bath. Their abrupt withdrawal, with several of the
students, excited alarm, and threatened shipwreck to Ample-
forth, which fortunately, however, soon recovered the blow.
He was afterwards transferred by Bishop Baines to Cannington,
and after fifteen months' service there, was appointed to the
charge of Portland Chapel, dedicated to St. Augustine, near
Queen Street, Bath, which he opened May 26, 1832. He
was finalIy placed at Monmouth, where he kept a school for
boys between the ages of 7 and 14, and remained until he
was selected to succeed Bishop Hendren, who had resigned
the newly created See of Clifton. He was consecrated July 27,
185 I, by Cardinal Wiseman, assisted by Bishops Wareing and
Ullathorne, in St. George's Cathedral, Southwark. He died
at Westbury-on-Trym, Nov. 27,1854, his death being hastened
by the burden he had undertaken, and his unceasing exertions
to stave off the dissolution of the College at Prior Park.
Oliver, Collections,. Ma:.:iere Brady, Epis. Successi01l.
I. Pastorals.
2. Portrait, the Right Rev. Thomas Burge8s, late Bishop of
Clifton. Born Oct. 1, 1791. Died Nov. 27, 1854. 8vo. H.Adlard, sc.
"Catholic Directory," 1860, with Memoir.

Burgh, John, a captain in the King's army, was killed at
Cover, in Gloucestershire, during the Civil War.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.

Burgis, Edward Ambrose, O.P., was the son of a
clergyman of the Church of England, who was converted to the
fai tho
He went to Italy and entered the Dominican convent of
SSe Giovanni e Paolo, at Naples, where he was. professed in

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

345

169 6 . In December of the same year he was sent to the
newly established College at Louvain to study philosophy, and
there filled the chairs of philosophy, theology, scripture, and
ecclesiastical history, at various periods, for nearly thirty years.
He was appointed Lector of Morals at Bornhem, in I 709, but
returned in the same capacity to Louvain in the following
year. He was chosen Rector of the Dominican College of
St. Thomas Aquinas, Louvain, for the first time in I 7 I 8, again
in J 724, and once more in 1735. His degree of S. Th. Mag.
was granted in 1723, and in I 730 he was elected Provincial,
and was stationed in London. After his third appointment as
Rector of Louvain, in 1735, he is thought to have been on the
mission in Yorkshire. In 1741 he was installed Prior of
Bornhem, and four years later was appointed Director to the
nuns at Brussels.
On account of the war he was instituted Vicar. General for
Belgium in 1746, and died at Brussels, April 27, 1747, aged
about 74.
He was an eminent scholar and theologian, and passed
through the highest offices of his Order with distinguished
credit.
Palmcr, Obit. ..lVotices O.S.D.,. Oliver, Collectio1ls.
I. An Introduction to the Catholic Faith. By Fr. Thomas
\Vorthington, O.P., L-n, 1709, to which Fr. Burgis put the finishing
hand.
2. The Annals of the Church. Lond. 1712. 8vo., pp. 326. This
work embraces the period between A.D. 34 and 300. At the end of the pre-
face the author states that he hopes to bring his Annals down to the present
times, and in order to do this, formed the plan, and cast the whole into nine
tomes much of the same size in which he designs to publish.
3. Prolegomena ad sacram Scripturam et Historia sacra
Scholastic a per duo milHa supra quingentos et decem annos
ab origine mundi deducti, una cum appendice de fide, Juxta
inconcussa tutissimaque dogmata angelici et quinte Ecclesiæ
doctoris D. Thomæ Aquinatis. Præsidebit F. Ambrosius Burgis,
S.T. Professor in Collegio F.F. Prædicatorum ADglorum. Lovanii,
1716. 12mo., pp. 20.
4. Theses historicæ, dogmaticæ, theologicæ, de Deo Homine.
Accedit continuatio Historia Sacra Scholasticæ. Lovanii, 1716.
Svo., pp. 26.
5. Theses theologicæ de sacramentis in genere et tribus
prioribus in specie cum continuatione historiæ sacræ scholas-
ticæ. Lovanii, 1718. 8vo., PP. 42.
6. Historia f:iacra Scholastic a à Nativitate Christi ad Pente-

346

IHBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

costen continuata cum 4 posterioribus Sacramentis. Lovanii,
17 I 9. 8vo., pp. 60.
7. Theses historicæ theologicæ de scientia, voluntate,
providentia, prædestinatione reprobatione et gratia Dei. Cum
continuatione Historicæ Sacræ Scholasticæ à Pentecoste ad flnem
primi sæculi. Lovanii, 1721. 8vo., pp. 68.
8. Theses historicæ Theologicæ de Locis Theologicis, Deo
uno et trino, Angelorum, hominum, omniumque creatore.
Lovanii, 1724. 8vo., pp. 88.
9. Historia Sacra Scholastica tertii sæculi, cum selectis Sacræ
Scripturæ et Theologiæ thesibus. Lovanii, 1730. 8vo., pp. 102.
10. The Annals of the Church from the Death of Christ. Lond.
173 8 , 5 vols. 8vo. Vol. I., containing the space {)f 267 years, pp. 532; II.,
78 years, pp. 546; IlL, 38 years, PP.480; IV., 84 years, pp. 550; V., Notes
on the previous vols., pp. 347.
\Vritten with great accuracy and in a pleasing style. In the preface the
author claims for his work the honour of being the first of the kind, either
Catholic or Protestant, written in the English language.

Burns, James, publisher and author, was born in 1808 at
a small town near :l\1ontrose, in Forfarshire, and was the eldest
of eight children. It was intended that he should follow his
father's calling, the Presbyterian ministry, and to this end he
entered one of the best colleges in Glasgow; but even at this
early stage of life the boy felt there was nothing of preacher or
minister about him, and so he left the college and came to
London, where he was employed by Whitaker & Co., pub-
lishers. This was in 1832, and his wonderful aptitude for
business soon won him his master's confidence. After acquir-
ing a thorough knowledge of the bookselling trade, he left
\Vhitaker's and set up for himself in a very modest way in
Portman Street.
In a few years the name of James Burns came prominently to
the fore in the list of English publishers. The clergy of the
Established Church found in him a most active auxiliary in the
tracts and publications they were at that time publishing.
He soon threw off the Presbyterian form of worship and
took to Puseyism, or High Churchism, as it was then called,
and published two really valuahle series, "The Englishman's
Library," and "The Fireside Library," which supplied a desidc-
1
at1t1ll of interesting and instructive books, all bearing a high
literary tone.
The "Eucharistica" is a notable eX9-mple of the artistic taste
he lavished upon everything that bore his name.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

34i

\Vhen the movement of the Oxford party towards Catho-
licism, with Newman at its head, was going slowly but surely
forward, James Burns began to have serious doubts and mis-
givings, and finally followed in the wake of many whose pub-
lisher he had been in Protestant days. He relinquished the
glorious prospects which lay before him, and, throwing worldly
considerations aside, publicly professed himself a Catholic.
His conversion took place in 1847, the thirty-ninth year of
his age, with a wife and young family to care for.
At the time of his conversion l\Ir. Burns played so important
a part in the literary world that the announcement of his seces-
sion from the Established Church appeared in The lïlllcs, and
letters poured in from his Anglican friends dissuading him from
the step.
Then with a will he set to work, disposed of books which
were unsuitable for Catholic taste, and in a very short time
gave to Catholics an abundant supply of good and wholesome
reading, of which at that particular time they stood in so much
need.
He afterwardS- took lYlr. Lambert into partnership; and
from Burns & Lambert the style of the firm became Burns,
Lambert & Oates in 1866, when IVlr. \Villiam \Vilfrid Oates
joined the firm, and subsequently was changed to Burns &
Oates.
Mr. Burns died April I I, 187 I, aged 62, leaving behind
him a wife, now cloistered with four of her daughters in the
Ursuline Convent at Pittsburgh; one son in the Society of Jesus;
and one other daughter a Sister of Charity in England.
He was a kindly, genial companion, and a man of con-
siderable culture, having a knowledge of Latin, Greek,
German, French, and Italian. He was well-read, gifted with
taste and judgment, and possessed a very solid and extensive
knowledge of music, of which he was intensely fond. To him
was chiefly due the rapid advance which Catholic literature
made during the last ten years of his life, and his labours in
that cause, and in Catholic Church music, have reared a monu-
ment to his memory that will not be easily effaced.
Illus. Catlt. Fam. A1l11l1al, 1884; GilIOLC', Ear!;' Cath.
Pt.'riodicals, Tablet, Jan. 29 to March 19, 1881.
I. Tales and Adventures by Sea and Land. Translated from
the French of Fouqué. Lonå.1847.

34 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

2. The Missal. Edit. by J. B.
3. The Vespers Book. Edit. by J. B.
4. The Paradise of the Christian Soul. New edit. by J. B.
5. Articles on Church Music in the Dub/Ùl Review, and many composi-
tions of the best masters. Edit. and pub. by Mr. B.
6. The Path to Heaven. Edit. by J. B.
7. The Dublin Review, quarterly, originally publisbed by Spooner,
London, and \Vakeman, Dublin, in 1836; Booker & Dolman, in 1838; Dol-
man, in 1839; Richardson & Son, in 1844; and a new series commenced
in July, 1863, by Burns & Lambert; and Third Series, in 1879, by Burns &
Oates.
8. Annals of the Propagation of the Faith, monthly, originally
published in Paris, 1838, and sold in London by Keating & Brown, P. & M.
Andrews, 1842, Peter Andrews, 1844, Burns & Lambert, in 1861, and Burns,
Lambert & Oates, in 1866.
9. The Rambler, a Journal of Home and Foreign Literature,
Politics, Science, and Art, 4to., weekly, was commenced by James Burns,
Jan. I, 1848; changed to a monthly Journal and Review, vol. iii. Sept. 1848,
ßvo., and suspended in Nov. 1859, on account of the Jansenist tendencies
of the editor, Richard Simpson, after which it had a brief existence as the
"Home and Foreign Review."
10. Portrait, medallion sketch, "Cath. Fam. Annual," 1884.

Burton, Catharine, Prioress of the English Teresian or
Carmelite Convent at Antwerp, was the daughter of Thomas
Burton, Esq. (descended from a Yorkshire family of position),
who settled at Bay ton, near Bury St. Eòmunds, co. Suffolk,
where she was born in 1668. Her mother was IVlary, only
daughter of Christopher Suttler, Esq., of Norfolk, after whose
death l\ir. Burton settled his temporal affairs and entered the
Society of Jesus, and was about to embark for Antwerp Cll
'route for the novitiate at \Vatten, when he was attacked with
fever, and died in June, 1696. His daughter, Catharine, had
previously entered the Carmelite Convent at Antwerp, where
she was professed Dec. 9, 1694, taking the name in religion
of Xaveria. Her exemplary virtue was so remarkable that she
was chosen Sub-Prioress in 1697, and though she was both
young in years and religion, yet, at the request of the religious,
by approbation of the Bishop, she was declared Superior in
1700, in which office she continued six years. In the election
of 1706, another Superior was chosen, but she being rendered
by sickness incapable of complying with the duties of her
charge, after three months, the community was again committed
to the care of the Sub-Prioress, Mother Xaveria, until she was
elected Superior in the following year, a position which she

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

349

retained until her death in 17 14. Her grandfather, Henry
Burton, died in prison, a confessor of the faith.
Coleridge, Life,. Foley, Records SJ., Collectallca.
I. An English Carmelite: Life of Catharine Burton, by Father
Thomas Hunter, S.J. Edited by Fr. Hen. James Coleridge, S.J., Lond.
18]6.
Busby, George, Father S.J., alias Brown, was of the
family of Busby of Coddington, co. Oxford, and was born at
Brussels, where his father had retired on account of the troubles
and persecutions of Catholics occasioned by the Civil \Vars,
Sept. I, 1638. He entered the Society at vVatten in the name
of George Brown, Sept. 7, 1656, and was sent to the English
mission in 1668, where his principal labours were in the Derby-
shire district. 1iarked out as a victim of the Oates Plot perse.
cution, and a large reward offered for his apprehension, he was
arrested, March 16, 1681, at the mansion of that staunch
Catholic, Mr. Powtrell, of \Vest Hallam, co. Derby, who had
married Fr. Busby's niece.
He was committed to the gaol at Derby, and tried for high
treason under the statute of 27 Eliz. at the Derby Summer
Assizes, July 25, 168 I. The obsequious jury brought him in
guilty, and he was condemned to death, but was reprieved,
and afterwards obtained a royal pardon. Fr. Busby 500n
after retired to Belgium, and in 1691 was declared Rector of
St. Orner's College, where he died Jan. or J ul y 25, 1695,
aged 56.
Foley, Records S.]., vols. v. and vii.
I. Great News from Derbyshire, being a full and true relation
of the discovery of above thirty priests, living and residing in and
about Hallam, in the said county, together with an account of the
taking of one Busby, a priest, and two women, notorious Papists,
by Justice Gilbert, a worthy and active prosecutor of priests and
Jesuits, and how they had contrived to charge Mr. Gilbert with
felony, which by the confession of Dudley, one of their own
party, by the providence of God, was fully detected and dis.
covered, and they committed to the county gaol, where they now
remain. Written in a letter from a worthy divine of that county
to a friend in London. Lond. 1681.
A copy of this sheet is given in "Records S.J.)" vol. v. p. 503 : with a
full description of Fr. Busby's trial.
Bush, Paul, Bishop of Bristol, was sent to Oxford
about 1513, and was first educated amongst the friars of St.

350

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Augustine, in the convent now called \Vadham College.
.Afterwards he joined the religious called Bons -hommes, and by
degrees rose to the dignity of Provincial of the Order. He was
also chaplain to Henty VIII., and for his ready compliance with
the dissolution of his monastery was made the first bishop of
the newly created See of Bristol in 1542.
He complicd so far with the principles of the Reformation
under Edward VI. as to take a wife, but was nevcr known
either to preach or to write a word against the Church of Rome.
He returned to the faith in Queen l\:Iary's reign, when he
willingly forsook both his See and his wife, and spent the
remainder of his days in seclusion in Bristol, where he died
Oct. I I, I 5 5 8.
He is described as a man of universal knowledge, a solid
divine, no contemptible poet, and well versed in physic.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Notes on the Psalm Miserere.
2. A Treatise in praise of the Cross.
3. Dialogues between Christ and the Virgin Mary.
Buston, Thomas, or Stephen de Buston, ';.'ide Thomas
Stephens, S.J.
Butler, Alban, divine, was the second son of Simon
Butler, Esq., of Apeltre or Appletree, in the county of N orth-
ampton, by Ann, daughter of Henry Birch, Esq., of Gorscott,
in the county of Stafford.
His family, for amplitude of possessions and antiquity, had
vied with the best in the kingdom, but was reduced to slender
circumstances at the time of his birth. His grandfather was a
Protestant clergyman, and according to the tradition of the
family was the confidential agent of the Duke of Devonshire
and the Earl of \Varrington in inviting the Prince of Orange
over to England; but the political effects of the Revolution
running contrary to his anticipations, preyed so heavily on his
mind, that to drown his remorse for having been one of its
instruments, he abandoned himself to a course of. dissipation,
which in a few years wasted a considerable portion of his
patrimony, and left the remnant so heavily encumbered that
the last wreck of the estate was alienated, about 1720, during
the minority of his grandchildren. Alban Butler was born at
Appletree, Oct. 24, 17 10, and his father dying July 8, 17 I 2,

OF THE ENGLISH C.\THOLICS.

35 1

he was sent at a very early age to the school at Lady 'VeIl,
Fernyhalgh, near Preston, in Lancashire, kept by the celebrated
" Dame Alice," or Alice Harrison, where he applied himself to
his studies with that unremitted application which throughout
his life he gave to literature; and it is also stated that sacred
biography was even then his favourite pursuit. This nursery
of so many of the most eminent ecclesiastics of the last century
was at this period under the supervision of the Rev. Christopher
Tootell, the pastor of Lady Well, and Vicar-General for Lanca-
shire, and it is most probable that it was at this very time,
whilst the future author of the "Lives of the Saints" was
laying the foundation of his future renown in repeating to a
numerous and wondering audience of little boys the history of
the chiefs and saints of the Saxon era, that the eminent historian
and biographer, Hugh Tootell, alias Charles Dodd, was assist-
ing his uncle in his missionary duties, and had already com-
Inenced his collections for that great History of the Church in
England which occupied, it is said, over thirty years of his life.
After a short stay at Fernyhalgh, Alban Butler \vas sent to
the English College at Douay, Mr. Holman, of vVarkworth,
guaranteeing the expenses of his education. About this time
he lost his mother, who died at Wappenbury, co. \Varwick, in
Feb. 172 I, and just before her death she wrote a touching
letter to her children, which is given in the "Life of the Rev.
Alban Butler," written by his nephew, Charles Butler, Esq.,
which generally precedes the modern editions of the "Lives of
the Saints." Here he distinguished himself by his unassuming
modesty, invincible evenness of temper, and insatiable love of
knowledge and improvement. He was also remarkable for his
piety, and it is said that he generally allowed himself no more
than four hours' sleep, and often spent whole nights in study
and prayer. After completing his course, he was ordained
priest, and was appointed Professor of Philosophy, in lecturing
on which he followed the Newtonian system, then gaining
ground in the foreign universities, in preference to the systems
of Wolf and Leibnitz, in which he discovered some things
irreconcilable with the opinions of the Church. He was next
appointed Professor of Divinity and Vice-President of the
College, and whilst still there published his first work, "Letters
on the History of the Popes," which were written with case and
vivacity, and displayed various and extensive learning. In

35 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOK AR \'"

1745 he accompanied the Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Hon.
J ames and Thomas Talbot, on their travels through France
and Italy, and on his return to England wished to be settled
on the mission in London, where he might have access to
literary society and the public libraries, with a view to complete
his "Lives of the Saints," on which he had long been engaged.
But Bishop Stonor, the Vicar-Apostolic of the Midland district,
claimed him as belonging to that district, and appointed him,
in 1749, much against his will, to Paynsley, the seat of Lord
Langdale, near Draycott, in Staffordshire, where he was suc-
ceeded, in 175 I, by the Rev. George Hardwicke. He then
removed to \Varkworth, in his native county of Northampton,
the seat of his early patron, IV'Ir. Holman, and at that time the
residence of Mr. Eyre. Next he became domestic chaplain
to Edward, Duke of Norfolk, and private tutor to his nephew
and heir presumptive, the Hon. Edward Howard, whom he
accompanied abroad. During his residence at Paris, he com-
pleted and sent to press his" Lives of the Saints," a work which
he projected in his youth, and to which he devoted the labours
of thirty years, sedulously applying his knowledge of the Greek,
Latin, French, Italian, and Spanish languages, to every branch
of sacred and profane literature which had the remotest bearing
on the subject. In the first edition, at the suggestion of Dr.
Challoner, V.A., of the London district, the notes were omitted,
on account of the cost, but they were inserted in the later
editions.
Some time after his return to England from his travels with
Mr. Edward Howard, he was elected, about the year 1766,
President of the English College of St. Orner, in which position
he continued until his death, and he was also appointed Vicar-
General of the diocese of Arras, St. Omer, and Amiens. He
died l\1ay 15, 1773, in the 63rd year of his age, and was buried
in the English College at St. Omer. His monument bears a
beautiful inscription, composed in Latin, by the Rev. Robert
Banister.
He had projected many works besides those enumerated.
He made collections for the lives of Bishop Fisher and Sir
Thomas l\1ore, and he aided Cardinal Quirini in his edition of
Cardinal Pole's Letters. He had begun a treatise on Nature
and Revealed Religion, being dissatisfied with what Bergier
had published on those subjects. His literary correspondence

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

353

was very extensive, and among other correspondents of distinc-
tion, may be mentioned the learned Lambertini, afterwards
Pope Benedict XIV., and Dr. Lowth, Bishop of London. Dr.
Kennicott and others have liberally acknowledged the assistance
he afforded to Englishmen of literature.
Charles Butler, Life J' Baker, His!. oj Northamþto1l" Gillow,
Account of Ladyz,!dl, )1,1S; J{irk, Biog. Collections, lJISS.
I. Remarks on the two first volumes of the late Lives of tho
Popes by Mr. Archibald Bower. In Letters to a Gentleman, 1754,
8vo.; Dublin, 1778. 8vo.
These letters met with universal approval, and have been several times
reprinted. The publication of Bower's" Hist. of the Popes," 1748-66, in
7 vols., 4to., gave rise to much controversy, and the following are some of the
tracts :-"
1r. Archibald Bower's Affidavit in answer to the false accusation
brought against him by Papists; to which are added-I. A circumstantial
narrative of what hath since passed between Mr. Bower and Sir Henry
Bedingfeld in relation thereto. I I. Copies of the said pretended letters
sent him by Sir Henry Bedingfe1d, and of a subsequent affidavit made
by 1\1r. Bower of their not being wrote by him or with his privity. \VIth
some obsen"ations on those letters proving them to be spurious." Lond.
1756. 8vo.
Six Letters from B. to Fr. Sheldon, Provincial of the Eng. Jesuits, I ï 56-
B.'s Affidavit in Answer to the false accusation brought against him by the
Papists, 1756-B.'s answer to the Six Letters, 1757-A full confutation of all
the facts advanced in B.'s three defences, 1757-B.'s reply to" A full confuta-
tion," 1757-Some remarkable facts relating to the conduct of the Jesuits
with regard to E., 175S-Complete and final detection of B., with original
papers, 1758-One remarkable fact more relating to the conduct of the
Jesuits, by :\lr. B., 1758-:Ylr. A-d's motives for renouncing the Popish, and
re-embracing the Protestant religion, 1758-Letter to B. concerning his
motives, 1758- B. detected as an Historian, 1758.
Bower, a native of Dundee, was admitted into the Scots College, Douay,
removed to Rome, in 1706, and became a Jesuit in 1712. He was sent to the
English mission in 1726, and about six years later conformed to the Estab-
lished Church. He was re-admitted a Jesuit in 1744, but a
ain turned
Protestant. No credit is attached to his representations, and he is not
zealously claimed by the Protestant Church.
2. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints;
compiled from original Monuments and other authentic Records;
illustrated with the Remarks of judicious modern Critics and
Historians. Lond. 174;, 5 vols. 4to., without notes, as given by Lowndes
and Allibone; Lond. 1756-<), 5 vols. 8vo.; Dublin, 1779-1780, 12 vols.
8vo., which is called the" Second Edition enlarged from the Author's own
Manuscript;" Edinburgh, 1798-1800, 12 vols. 8\'0., third edition; Lond.
1812- 1 3. 12 vols. 8vo., with an Appendix, with 40 engravings, the best
edition, with the Life of the Author, by Charles Butler, prefixed; IS46,
12 vols. 121110.; 1847, 12 vols. 8\'0., a reprint of the 1812-3 edition; IS-1-7,

VOL. I.

AA

354

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

12 vols. 32mo. Selections and abridgments were published-Newcastle, 1799,
2 vols. 8vo., by Rev. John Bell; Irish Saints, by a Cistercian Monk, Dublin,
1823, 12mo.; a compact edition, Dublin, 1833-36, 2 vols. 8vo.; another
by Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, Lond. 1857-60, 2 vols. 8vo. It has also
been published in America and elsewhere, and translated into Italian,
French, &c.
3. A Short Account of the Life and Virtues of the Venerable
and Religious Mother, Mary of the Holy Cross, Abbess of the
English Poor Clares at Rouen; who died there in the Sweet
Odour of Sanctity, March 21, anno 1735. Lond. 1767. 8vo.
At the end of the work is the following notice :-" The Author designs to
add an Appendix concerning Religious Orders in general, and therefore the
Purchasers of this \V ork are desired to wait a few months before they get it
bound."
I t does not appear that this was ever carried out. Charles Butler, referring
to the work, says-" It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various
important duties of a religious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute
account of the life and actions of the man."
Mother Mary of the Holy Cross was a Howard; her manuscript, "Prayers
of St. Bridget," in the possession of the author, will be noticed hereafter.
4. The Moveable Feasts and Fasts, and other annual Obser-
vances of the Catholic Church. Left in MS. and edited by Dr.
Challoner, Lond. 1774, 8vo., pp. 658; reprinted, with portrait and life of
the author, by Charles Butler, to which is added a continuation of the Feasts
and Fasts by a Catholic Priest, Dublin, 1839. 8vo.
5. Meditations and Discourses on the sublime truths and im-
portant duties of Christianity. Lond. 1791-3, 3 vols. 8vo., edited by
Charles Butler and superintended by Rev. Mr. Jones; Dublin, 1840, 8vo.,
edited by Dr. Lanigan.
6. The Life of Sir Tobie Matthews. Lond. 1795, 8vo., edited by
Charles Butler.
7. Collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas
More, which it is to be regretted, with several other projected works, were
never given to the world.
8. A Treatise on Natural and Revealed Religion. MS. in-
complete.
9. Travels through France and Italy, and part of the Austrian,
French, and Dutch Netherlands, during the years 1745 and 1746.
Edinburgh, 1803, 8vo., edited by Charles Butler.
10. An Account of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alban
Butler, with observations on some subjects of sacred and prcfano
literature mentioned in his writings. By Charles Butler. Lond.
1793, 8vo.; 1799, 8vo., with portrait.
I I. Memoirs of Missionary Priests. A valuable collection of
materials for aiding Bishop Challoner in his Memoirs. MS. vol. at
Oscott College. Challoncr's aceounts are frequently extracts from these
biographies.
12. Portrait, cngr. by Finden, prefixed to his Life by Charles Dutler,
and also in several of the large editions of the" Li\-cs of the Saints."

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

.355

Butler, Charles, a learned and accomplished lawyer, was
born in London, Aug. 14, 1750. He was the last repre-
sentative of the ancient family of Butler, of Aston-Ie- \V aIls,
:N orthamptonshire.
Towards the close of the seventeenth century there
were living two brothers of this family, Alban and Simeon.
Thë former had issue an only daughter, who carried the
estate of Aston-le..\Valls in marriage to Edward Plowden, of
Plowden Hall, Shropshire. The latter, Simeon Butler, who
inherited an estate called Appletree, was a staunch \Vhig, and
was employed by the first Duke of Devonshire in his negotia-
tions with the Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. His
son and namesake married a Catholic lady, Ann, daughter of
Henry Birch, of Garscott, in Staffordshire, Esq., and they had
issue-Charles, who died without issue; Alban, the venerable
.author of the "Lives of the Saints," and James. Soon after
the decease of 1\lr. Simeon Butler, the younger, the Appletree
estate was sold, and James, his youngest son, settled in
London as a linendraper, at the sign of the Golden Ball,
in Pall 1\iJall, a business in which he met with considerable
success, and was singularly esteemed for his probity, great
charity, and unceasing endeavours to assist all to whom his
services could be useful. He married a lady of French
extraction, whose family had been long settled in an honourabìe
position in Ambleteuse, in Picardy. She was an accomplished
French and Latin scholar, and had also a fair knowledge
of Greek.
Their son Charles, the subject of this memoir, was sent
in his sixth year to a Catholic school kept at Hammersmith by
?tIre Plunkett, where he remained three years, and then he was
sent to Esquerchin, a school in connection with Douay, to
which college he removed after three years. Here he greatly
distinguished himself by the closeness of his application to
study, and by the ability he displayed in his academical
exercises. At the end of rhetoric he returned to England,
about 1766, and three years later began to study the law under
l\Ir. l\Iaire, a Catholic conveyancer, upon whose decease he was
placed under the care of Mr. Duane, also a Catholic con-
veyancer, but of much greater eminence. In 1775 he was
entered at Lincoln's Inn, and soon after became the pupil of
l\1r. Holliday, the celebrated conveyancer, and formed an
A:\. 2

35 6

BIDLIOGRAPHICA L DICTIONARY

intimate acquaintance with l\'lr. Scott, afterwards Lord
Chancellor Eldon. In 1776 he married Mary, daughter
of John Eyston, Esq., of East Hendred, co. Berks, by whom he
had two daughters, I\Iary, wife of Lieut.-Co!. Charles Stonor,
and Therasia, wife -of Andrew Lynch, Esq., of Lynch
Castle, in the town of Galway. 1\Irs. Butler died 1\Iay 2,
18 14, aged 60. He soon obtained considerable practice as a
conveyancer, but could not be called to the Bar until 179 I,
when he availed himself of the provision in an Act of
George III. (c. 32) for the relief of Roman Catholics, which
dispensed with the necessity of a barrister taking the oath of
supremacy, or the declaration against transubstantiation.
In 1779, J\1r. Butler prepared a speech, which was delivered
by Lord Sandwich in the House of Lords, in defence of
his government of Greenwich Hospital. In 1786 he was
appointed Secretary to the Catholic Committee, a position
which he held until the passing of the Catholic Relief Bill in
1829, soon after which a general meeting of the Catholic'
body presented him with a silver urn, and afterwards \\"Íth
a sum of J; I ,000 1 in acknowledgment of the great services he
had rendered the Catholic cause. On Aug. 15, 183 I, Mr.
Butler accepted from the Chancellor the silk gown, which
prejudice on account of his religion had hitherto denied him,
and he was made a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, having the
honour to be the first Catholic King's Counsel since the reign of
J ames II.
1\lr. Butler's habits of life were remarkably temperate and
regular, and his application to intellectual pursuits was un-
remitting.
1\1. Pelisson, in his account of 1\1. H uet, the celebrated
Bishop of Avranches, observes of that prelate, that from
his earliest years he gave himself to study; that, at his rising,
his going to bed, and during his meals, he was reading, or had
others to read to him; that neither the fire of youth, the
interruption of business, the variety of his employments,
the society of his friends, nor the bustle of the world, could
ever moderate his ardour for study. These expressions 1\1r.
Butler applied to his uncle, the venerable Alban Butler, and
says (I he believes that with some justice, at least, he may also
apply them to himself;" adding, however, that his love of
literature never seduced him from his professional duties.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

357

.U Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence
from all company, and from all diversions not likely to amuse
him highly-from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern
party politics-and, above all, never permitting a bit or scrap of
time to be unemployed-have supplied him with an abundance
.of literary hours. His literary acquisitions are principally
owing to the rigid observance of four rules: to direct his
attention to one l:terary object only at a time; to read the best
book upon it, consulting others as little as possible; when the
subject was contentious, to read the best book on each side; to
find out men of information, and, when in their society, to
listen, not to talk."
He died on June 2, 1832, aged 8 I. He was a member
of the Antiquarian and Royal Asiatic Societies, and also
-of the Literary Club.
Cath. Mag.; Rose, Biog. Diet..; Allib01ze, Bib. Diet.,. &c.
I. An Essay on Houses of Industry. Lond. 1773. 8vo. Published

nonymously, at the request of Sir Harbord Harbord, afterwards Lord Suffield.
:!. The first part of the Institute of the Laws of England.
Revised and corrected (from fol. 190 to the end, with the preface
.and index to the notes by Charles Butler). Lond. 1775. Fol.
In this edition of Coke upon Littleton, upon which Mr. Hargrave had
.spent eleven years, Mr. Butler only occupied the short period of four
tenns, his labours embracing nearly half the work.
It was reprinted seven times during his lifetime, 1789, 1791, I 79-t-, 1809,
1817, 1823, and 1831.
3. An Essay on the Legality of Impressing Seamen. Lond. 17ï7,
8\'0.; cr. 8vo., 1778, second edition.
This able compilation, for it is little more than a selection from the argu-
ments and authorities given in the speech of Sir Michael Foster, in the case
of Alexander Broadfoot, procured him an introduction to Lord Sandwich,
the First Lord of the Admiralty, and to \Vedderburne, then Solicitor-
General, and afterwards Lord Loughborough.
4. Letter on the Authorship of the Letters of Junius.
\Vritten in conjunction with \Vilkes about 1778.
5. Meditations and Discourses by the Rev. Alban Butler, edited
by Charles Butler. Lond. 1791-3. 3 vols. 8vo.
6. A Letter addressed to the Catholics of England, by the
Catholic Committee. Lond. Coghlan, 1792, 4to. l\Ir. Butler's name is so
identified with the Catholic Committee, of which he was Secretary, that some
brief notice is necessary. According to his own account, in his Historical
l\Iemojrs, the Committee was first formed in 178:!, but Flanagan ("Hist. of the
Church") fixes the date in l\Iay of the following year. The object was to
promote and attend to the affairs of the Catholic body, but little exertion in
this direction was made until 1787, when the Committee was remodelled. It
consisted with a few exceptions of laymen, never received the approval of

358

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY

more than a very small section of the clergy, and was vigorously opposed by
the remainder, whose chief support lay in Lancashire and the North. The
action of the Committee and the controversy arising therefrom has been
entered into at length by Butler himself, in his Historical Memoirs, and by
Dr. Milner, in his Supplementary Memoirs, and the following are some of the
principal contributors to the controversy:- Bp. Milner, Joseph Berington,
Bp. Charles Berington, Chas. Plowden, S.J., Jos. Reeve, S.]., \Vm. Pilling,
O.S.F., Dr. Geddes, Dr. Strickland, Lord Petre, Fris. Plowden, &c.
Mr. Butler was the most active member of the Committee, and his name,
as Secretary, appears to most of its publications, and several manuscript
volumes, in his hand, on this subject are deposited in the British Museum.
The contents of the above work, giving some idea ofthe chief workings of
the Committee, are as follows :- The Letter itself, with Appendix, pp. 28-iii.
Appendix I. Address to the Catholic Peers and Commoners, 1778 (to which
is attached an important list of signatures). II. A Draft of a Bill for
the Relief of the English Catholics, drawn by Mr. Butler, settled by Mr.
Hargrave. III. The Declaration and Protestation signed by the English
Catholic Dissenters in 1789 (with some hundreds of signatures). IV. To the
Hon. the Commoners of Great Britain in Parliament assembled. V. The
Case of the English Catholic Dissenters, VI. State of the Laws respecting
Presentations by Roman Catholics to Ecclesiastical Benefices. VII. State
of Facts by the Committee of English Catholics respecting the Oath con-
tained in the Bill for their relief now before the Hon. House of Commons in
the name of the Catholics of England. VIII. Letter from Mr. Walmesley
(Charles \Valmesley, Senior Bishop, V.A., d
ted Lond. Oct. 23, 1789). IX.
Minutes of Commitee Meeting, Feb. 2, 179::>, pp. 46. Letter to R. R. Father
in God, John, Bishop of Centuria, V.A. of the Southern District, pp. I I (Dr.
Milner, dated Feb. 2, 1791). To the R. R. Charles, Lord Bishop of Rama,
V.A., \V.D., \Villiam, Lord Bishop of Acanthos, V.A., N.D., John, Bishop
of Centuria, V.A., S.D., pp. 13-31. The Oath of Allegiance and Abjuration,
and of Protestation and Declaration, pp. 32-3. To the Catholics of England,
pp. 8. Heads of a Bill, pp. 9-1 I. A Copy of a Letter written by the Com.
mittee of English Catholics to the Four Apostolic Vicars, pp. 12-15 (dated
Nov. 25, 1789).
After the passing of the Relief Bill in 1791, the Committee resolved itself
into the" Cis-Alpine Club," April 12, 179
, in which character it continued
for nearly thirty years.
7. Historical account of the Laws respecting the Roman Catho-
lics, and of the Laws passed for their relief, with observations on
the Laws remaining in force against them: being the last note in
that part of the new edition upon Coke-Littleton, which is
executed by Mr. Butler. Lond. 1795, sm. 8vo., pp. 45; 2nd edit.
Lond. 18II,8vo. Ded. to Robt. Edw., Lord Petre.
8. Horæ Biblicæ: Part 1st, containing an historical and literary
account of the original texts, early versions, and the most
important printed editions of the Old and New Testaments, or
the Sacred Books of the Jews and Christians. Lond. 1797-1802. 8\'0.
The first edition, 1797, sm. 8vo., pp. 109, was not sold, but was printed for
tbe author's friends, and ded. to Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton, Bat;t.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

359

Part 2nd, containing an historical and literary account of tho
Koran, Zend-Avesta, Vedas, Kings and Edda, or the Books
accounted sacred by the Mahometan, Persees, Hindus, Chinese,
and the Scandinavian nations: with Dissertations on the authen-
ticityof the verse of the three Heavenly Witnesses; or 1. John,
ch. 5, v. 7; and on the General Council said to have been held by
the Jews, at Agéda in Hungary, in the year 1650 .
Oxford, 1799-1807, crown 8vo. This work went through five editions.
It was translated into French, and published by A M. H. Boulard, Paris,
1810, 8\'0.
Apparently the English editions were, 1797-1802, 1804, 1806, 1807,
roy. 8vo.4 vols., and ISI7, 2 vols. 8vo.
It gave rise to a controversy respecting the text of the" Three Heavenly
\\ïtnesses," and J. Sparks published his outline of the controversy in his
Collection of Essays and Tracts, &c., vol. ii., 1823, 12mo.
9. An Account of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alban
Butler, interspersed with observations on some subjects of sacred
and profane literature mentioned in his writings. 1799, 12mo., with
portrait of Alban Butler. Edinburgh, 1800. 8vo.
10. A Letter to a Nobleman on the Proposed Repeal of the
Penal Laws which now remain in force against the Irish Roman
Catholics. Lond. 1801, sm. 8vo., pp. 16.
1 I. Horæ Juridicæ Subsecivæ; a series of notes respecting the
geography, chronology, and literary history of the principal
Codes, and original documents of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal
and Canon Law. With an Appendix. Lond. 1804, 8vo.; 1807, 8vo.;
3rd edit. with additions, Lond. 1830, 8vo.; Philadelphia, 1808 ; and three
other editions.
12. A connected series of notes on the chief Revolutions of the
principal States, which composed the Empire of Charlemagne,
from 814 to 1806 : on the Genealogies of the House of Habsburgh,
and of the Six Secular Electors of Germany. Lond. 1807. 8vo.
The Emperor of Austria had renounced the Empire of Gennany in the
previous year, and a question arose as to its territorial extent, which led to
the publication of l\lr. Butler's notes.
13. The Rev. Alban Butler's Travels thro' France and Italy,
and part of Austrian, French, and Dutch Netherlands, during the
years 1745 and 1746, edited by Charles Butler, Edinburgh, 1803. 8vo.
14. An Essay on the learning of Contingent Remainders and
Executory Devises, by C. Fearne. Edited by Charles Butler, with
Notes. Lond. 1809, 6th edit. 8vo. Reprinted sever3.1 times, 1820, 8vo.;
1844, 10th edit. 2 vols. roy. 8vo.
15. A Letter to an Irish Catholic Gentleman on the fifth R'3so-
1 ution entered into at the Meeting of the English Catholics (in
London) on the 1st Feb. 1810. Lond. 18I1. 8vo.
To this Dr. Milner, Bishop of Castabala, replied-" Letters to a R.c.
Prelate in refutation of Charles Butler's letter to an Irish Catholic Ge;ltle-
man." 181 I. 8vo.
16. The Life of Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambl'ay. Lond.; )10,
8vo., pp. 238; Baltimore, 18H, 12mo.

3 60

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

The 3rd edit. was published Lond. 1819, 8vo. "To which are added the
lives of St. Vincent of Paul, and H. M. de Boudon : a letter on antient and
modem music; and historical minutes of the Society of Jesus."
17. Life and Writings of J. B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux.
Lond. 1812, 8vo., pp. 180.
18. A Succinct History of the Geographical and Political
Revolutions of the German Empire, or the Principal States
which composed the Empire of Charlemange, from 800 to 1812.
Lond.1812. 8vo.
This is a republication of his Notes on the Chief Revolutions, &c., and it
was again printed, Lond. 1815, 3rd edit., "with a Dissertation on French,
German, and English Nobility."
19. An Address to the Protestants of Great Britain and
Ireland on the Grievances of the Catholics. Lond. 1813, sm. 8vo.;
2nd edit. 1813, sm. 8vo., pp. 22; 3rd edit., 1813, pp. 23; also in vol. i. of
".The Pamphleteer;" which called forth" A Counter Address to the Protes-
tants of Great Britain and Ireland in answer to the Address of Charles
Butler, Esq." By T. Le 1\lesurier. Lond. 1813, 8vo, being vol. ii. of " The
Pamphleteer."
"Extracts from an Address to the Protestants of Great Britain. By
Charles Butler, Esq., with additions respecting the Irish Catholics, and the
opinions of eminent Statesmen on the Catholic Question." .Exeter, 1813. 8vo.
" An appeal to the Protestants of Great Britain and Ireland on the sub-
ject of the R.c. question. First published in the papers of the Protestant
Union, in reply to a late Address by Charles Butler." Lond. 1813. 8vo.
"Extract from the KilkcJZJlY Chronicle, 'The Irish Catholic Board and
Charles Butler,' a resolution, &c., relative to the conduct of C. B. in re-
ference to Catholic Emancipation." Lond. 1813. 8vo.
" A letter to Mr. Butler on his Address to the Protestants of Great Britain
and on ::\lr. Butler's Reply. By R. Hill, :;\1.A., ::\Iinister of Surrey Chapel; "
also, "1\Ir. C. Butler of Lincoln's Inn, his Address to the Protestants of
Great Britain and Ireland, considered by A. Clerk." Lond. 1813. 8vo.
20. The Lives of A. LIe Bouthillier De Rancé, Abbot of the
Monastery of La Trappe, and of Thomas à Kempis. With some
account of the principal Religious and Military Orders of the
R.C. Church. Lond. 1814. 8vo.
21. An Essay on the Life of Michel de L'Hôpital, Chancellor
of France. Lond. 1814. 12mo., pp. 80.
22. The Inaugural Oration, spoken Nov. 4, 1815, at the cere-
mony of laying the first stone of the London Institution for the
Diffusion of Science and Literature. Lond. 1816, sm. 8"0., pp. 42.
23. An Historical and Literary Account of the Formularies,
Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the R.C., Greek,
and principal Protestant Churches. By the Author of the
Horæ Biblicæ, and intended as a supplement to that work. To
which are added Four Essays. Lond. 1816. 8vo.
The last of the appended essays was the celebrated one on the Reunion
of Christians, which elicited much censure.
Respecting this essay, the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr:

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 6r

, The chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and Protestant
into good-humour with one another, and Catholics into a good-humour with
themselves, . . . . I never had any notion that the reunion of Christians was
practicable."
1817, 2nd edition, "with Dissertations on the Religious Orders of the
Church of Rome; on the Reading of the Bible in the common tongue; and
on the attempts to unite Christians."
24. Philological and Biographical Works. Lond. ISlï. 5 vols. 8vo.
A collective edition of his works-Horæ Biblicæ, Germanic Empire,
Horæ J uridicæ, Confessions of Faith, Church of France, Lives of Fenelon,
Bossuet, De Rancé, Thomas à Kempis, Alban Butler, &c.. with Portraits.
25. An Essay on the Character of Lord Mansfield's Forensic
Eloquence, which appeared in Seward's Anecdotes.
26. The Catholic Gentleman's Magazine, by Silvester Palmer,
Gent., Lond., 8vo, monthly, price 2S., embellished with plates, Feb. 1818 to
Feb. 1819, was edited by Mr. Butler, at probably a considerable pecuniary loss.
27. Historical Memoirs of the Church of France.
\Vhich went through two editions.
28. Historical Memoirs respecting the English, Irish, and
Scottish Catholics from the Reformation to the present time.
(The Author's works [l.e., an account of the same] and some of his
reminiscences). Lond. 1819-21. 4 vols. 8vo.
The title-pages of vols. i. and ii., 1819, state the work to be " In two vols. ;"
those of iii. and iv., 1821, read" Additions to the Historical }Iemoirs," &c. ;
Lond. 2nd edit.; Lond. Jrd edit., considerably augmented, I S22, 4 vols. 8vo.
This elicited from Bishop Milner, "Supplementary Memoirs of the
English Catholics addressed to Charles Butler, Esq.," Land. 1820, 8vo.,
which keenly contrm"erts Butler's work and should always be read with it.
29. Reminiscences, with a Correspondence between the late
Dr. Parr and the Author. Part I. Lond. 1822, 8vo.; 2nd edit.; 3rd
edit. augmented, Lond. 1822-27, 8vo. 2 vols.; 4th edit., with a Letter to a
Lady on Ancient and Modern Music, Lond. 1824-27, 8vo. 2 vols. The
first vo1., Lond. 1824, sm. 8vo., pp. 404, contains the Letter on Junius, the
Letter on Music, and an Inaugural Oration pronounced by Mr. Butler at the
opening ofthe London Institution in ISIS, and is dedicated to Sir Thomas
Staunton, Bart., LL.D. F.R.S., dated Feb. 28, 1822.
30. Letter to Mrs. Edward Jerningham on Ancient and
Modern Music, and the Gregorian Chaunt. Dated Nov. 4, 1818,
reprinted in several of his works.
31. A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the
Saints to the end of the Pontificate of Pius VII. Lond. IS23. He
edited several editions of his uncle's" Lives of the Saints," translated into
various languages. "Vies Choisies des principaux Saints," Paris, 1837.
6 vols. 12mo.
32. The Life of Erasmus, with Historical Remarks on the State
of Literature between the tenth and sixteenth centuries. Lond.
1825.8vo.
33. The Book of the Roman Catholic Church, in a series of
Letters addressed to Robert Southey, Esq., LL.D., Oll his" Book

3 62

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

of the Church." Lond. 1825, 8vo.; 2nd edit., Lond. 1825, 8vo., pp. xii.
352; 3 rd edit. ded. to Charles Blundell, Esq., of Ince-Blundell, co. Lanc.,.
dated Nov. 4, 18 2 4.
Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters to John May, Esq.,
March 16, and to the Rev. Robert Philip, Aug. 15, 1825: he reviewed it
also in the Quart. Review, xxxiii. L.; xxxvi. 305: see also EdÙz. Riview,
xliii. 125.
Mr. Butler in the second vol. of his Reminiscences, enumerates no less
than ten replies which were elicited by this work, amongst which were-
" Letters to Charles Butler on the theological parts of his Book of the RC.
Church," by H. Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, 1825, 8vo., which was again
reprinted, 1866, 8vo., under the title" On the insuperable difference which
separates the Church of England from the Church of Rome: Letters to the
late Charles Butler on the theological parts of his Book of the RC.
Church;" "An Apology for the Church of England, to which is prefixed
a Preliminary Discourse on the Doctrine of the Church of Rome; in reply to
some observations of Chas. Butler addressed to Dr. Southey on his Book of
the Church," by J. Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, 1825, 8vo.; "A Letter to
C. B. in vindication of English Protestants from his attack upon their
sincerity in the Book of the Roman Catholic Church," by C. J. Blomfield
(successively Bishop of Chester and of London), 1825, 8vo.; "A Defence of
the true and Catholick doctrine of the Sacrament, by T. Cranmer, Archbp.
of Canterbury, to which is prefixed an introduction in vindication of the
Author and the Reformation in England against allegations made by Charles
Butler." 1825. 8vo.
"Two Letters addressed to the author of the Book of the RC. Church,
upon certain passages in his Book/, by " Junior," 1825, 8vo.; "A Vindica.
tion of Cranmer against some of the allegations made by C. B.," &c., by
H. J. Todd, 1826, 12mo. ; "The Accusations of History against the Church
of Rome examined in.l\1r. C. B.'s Book of the R.c. Church," &c., by Geo.
Townsend, D.D. 1826. 8vo.
"A Letter to C. B. containing brief observations upon his question, \Vhat
has England gained by the Reformation? Bya true Catholic." Lond. 1825,
8vo.; "Practical and internal evidence against Catholicism, with strictures
on Mr. Butler's Book of the R.c. Church." By Joseph Blanco \Vhite.
1826. 12mo.
34. A Letter to the Right Rev. C. J. Blomfield, Bishop of
Chester, from C. B., in vindication of a passage in his" Book of
the R.C. Church," censured in a letter addressed to him by his
Lordship. Lond. 1825, sm. 8vo.,pp. 26. Third edition, revised and enlarged,
Lond. 1825, sm. 8vo., pp. 31. Dated March 25, 1825.
The second edition both of Blomfield's letter and Butler's reply was pub.
lished in "The Pamphleteer," vol. xxv., 1825, 8\'0.
35. Vindication of "The Book of the R.C. Church," against
the Rev. G. Townsend's" Accusations of History against the
Church of Rome," with notice of some charges brought against
"The Book of the R.C. Church," in the publications of Dr.
Fhillpotts, the Rev. John Todd, M.A., F.S.A., Rev. Stephen
Isaacson, B.A" the Rev. James Blanco White, M.A., B.D., and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 6 3

in some anonymous publications: with copies of Dr. Phillpott's
Fourth Letter to Mr. Butler, containing a charge against Dr.
Lingard, and a letter of Dr. Lingard to Mr. Butler in reply to
the charge. Lond. 1826. 8vo.
The Vindication elicited six additional replies, amongst which were-
"Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ. Letters to C. B., comprising essays on
the Romish Religion," &c., by R. Southey, 1826, 8vo.; "Supplementary
Letter to C. B., in reply to his Vindication of the Book of the R. C. Church,"
by Ceo. Townsend, D.D., 1826, 8vo.
36. Appendix to Mr. Butler's" Vindication of the Book of the
R.C. Church," in reply to Dr. Southey's Preface to hiG "Vindiciæ
Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ." Lond. 1826, sm. 8vo., pp. II. Dated l\1arch 10,
1826.
37. Reply to an Article (by R. Southey) in the "Quarterly
Review" for March, 1826, on the Revelations of La Sæur
Nativité. To which is added an Essay on Mystical Devotion.
Lond. 1826. 8vo.
38. The Life of Hugo Grotius; with Minutes of the Civil t
Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands. Lond.
1826. 8vo.
39. A Letter on the Coronation Oath; Second Edition, with
notice of the recently published letters of the late King to Lord
Kenyon, and his Lordship's Answers; and letters of the late
1\ir. Pitt to the late King, and the late King's Answers. I..ond.
1827, sm. 8vo., pp.. 15; again 8vo., pp. 23.
This elicited from Dr. Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, "A Letter to an
English Layman on the Coronation Oath, in which are considered the
opinions of Charles Butler," &c. 1828. 8vo.
40. A Short Reply to Dr. Phillpotts' Answer (in his "Letter
to a Layman") to Mr. Butler's letter on the Coronation Oath.
With a third edition, I., of that letter; and II., of Mr. Butler's
letter on the alleged divided allegiance of English Catholics to
their King. Lond. 1828, sm. 8vo., pp. 41. Ded. to Mrs. Blount, dated
l\Iarch 25, 1828.
41. The Oxford Encyclopædia, in which he assisted the Rev. \V.
Harris and others. 1828. 4to.
42. A Memoir of the Catholic Relief Bill, passed in 1829,
with the Divisions in Parliament on the Catholic Claims
subsequent to 1778; being a sequel and conclusion of the
"Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish '
Catholics." Lond. 1829. 8vo.
43. Memoirs of the Life of H. F. D' Aguesseau, and an
historical and literary account of the Roman and Canon Law.
4th edit. Lond. 1830. 8vo.
44. Answer to the Objections made to the King's sanctioning
the Bills for the Relief of his R.C. subjects, in consequence of
his Coronation Oath. And, an Essay to prove the undivided
Allegiance of his Majesty's R.C. subjects, notwithstanding their
acknowledgment of the Pope's spiritual supremacy.

3 6 4

DIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

45. De Imitatione Christi; Libri quatuor. Lond. 18'27, ISmo.,
to which he prefixed a Life of Thomas à Kempis, with some account of his
writings; a very neat edition. Lond. 1851. 24 m o.
The life is taken from the edition by Lambinet, p
inted by Fr. Somalius.
Antwerp, 1615. 3 vols. 8vo.
46. The Moveable Feasts. By Rev. Alban Butler. With Life
of the Author, by C. B. Dublin, 1839. 8vo.
47. A New Translation of the Book of Psalms, by A. Geddes,
was also edited by Mr. Butler, in conjunction with J. Disney. 1807. 8vo.
48. On the London Polyglott. An eìegant little treatise, printed for
private use. Cr. 8vo.
49. Besides the above, Mr. Butler issued, previous to J8
5, a number of
pamphlets with the under-mentioned titles :-1. Allegiance of Catholics
Vindicated and Explained. 2. An Essay on Catholic Principles in refer-
ence to God and the King. 3. Specimen of an intended Life of Christ. 4.
An Essay on the Reunion of Christians. 5. Sketch of the Professional
Character of Earl Mansfield. 6. Historical Account of the Monastic Orders
of the Church of Rome. 7. Life of Annand Jean Ie Bouthillièr de Rancé.
8. Discipline of the Church of Rome respecting the general perusal of
the Scriptures. 9. Statutes enacted during the Reign of George III. for
the Relief of English and Irish Catholics. 10. Some Historical Minutes
respecting the Temporal Power of the Popes, the Separatists from the
Church of Rome before the Reformation, the Society of Jesus, and the
Guelphic Family.
50. Portrait, published with some of his works.
Butler, John, a captain in the King's army, was killed at
the battle of Marston l\loor.
Lord CastlelllaÙz's Apology.
Butler, Richard, Esq., was the eldest son and heir of
Henry Butler, of Rawcliffe Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq., by his
first wife, Catherine, granddaughter and ultimately heiress of Sir
John Girlington, of Thurland Castle, Knt.
The Butlers were one of the most ancient families in
Lancashire, and the branch settled at Rawcliffe were descended
from Richard Pincerna, alias Boteler, son of Almeric Pincerna,
who had the whole of Out Rawcliffe, and one bovat of land in
Staynall, by the gift of Theobald vValter, Boteler of Ireland.
Cadets of this house established themselves at Kirkland,
Hackinsall, and other places between Preston and Lancaster,
all of which are now extinct. The Butlers of Rawcliffe
remained staunch to the faith, as indeed did all the junior
branches of the family, with the exception of that of Kirkland
Hall, which strayed in the seventeenth century.
\Vhen the Chevalier de St. George raised the standard in

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 6 5

1715, in a vain endeavour to wrest the throne of his ancestors
from the Hanoverian usurpers, Henry Butler of Rawcliffe, his
son Richard, with other members of the family, joined the
Stuart forces at Kirby, and marched with them to Lancaster,
Garstang, and Preston, At the battle fought at the latter town,
so disastrous to the cause of the Stuarts, Richard Butler was
taken prisoner, with many of his relatives, while his father
escaped to the Isle of l\Ian.
The son was carried to London, and brought to trial, for
high treason, Jan. 4, 1716. It was proved that he had been
seen in the company of the Earl of Derwentwater, Lord
\Viddrington, and among the volunteers in the churchyard at
the battle of Preston. The jury, without quitting their seats,
brought him in guilty, and he was condemned accordingly. He
was sent back to Newgate to await his execution, but he died
in prison, Jan. 16, 1716, before the sentence could be carried
out. He had married l\'Iary, daughter of Henry Curwen, of
\Norkington, co. Cumberland, Esq., by whom he left a daughter
Catherine, his only child. The extensive estates of the Butlers
were forfeited to the Crown, but not without some effort being
made to save them for the family. Henry Butler's brother-in-
law, Alexander Butler, of Kirkland, Esq., who was a Protestant,
vainly put in a claim for the Rawcliffe estates, under a deed of
gift executed before l\'Ir. Butler joined the Stuart forces; and
Mr. Curwen, Richard Butler's father-in-law, likewise claimed
as trustee under some settlement, but was equally unsuccessful.
Rawcliffe Hall was sold by the Commissioners for Forfeited
Estates to Thomas Roe, Alexander Butler's attorney, whose
daughter and heiress carried it in marriage to John ffrance, of
Little Eccleston Hall, whose son, John ffrance, Esq., of Raw-
cliffe and Little Eccleston, was the last real representative of
that branch of the ffrance family.
Catherine Butler, the only child of the unfortunate Richard,
inherited the Girlington estate of Thurland Castle, which she
carried in marriage to Edward 1\'Iarkham, of Ollarton, co. Notts,
Esq. She died under age and without issue, but Edward
l\Iarkham by a second wife had two daughters, Catherine, a
nun at Louvain, who died in the Convent at Kensington,
Feb. 28, 1821, and l\1ary, who carried the Thurland Castle
estate in marriage to Francis Tunstall, Esq., of Wycliff, co. York,
a descendant of the ancient lords of Thurland.

366

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

A junior branch of the Butlers of Rawc1iffe resided in Preston, .
and subsequently purchased Pleasington Hall, near Blackburn,
and are now represented by the Butler-Bowdens.
Forfeited Estates, P. 63, S. 54, P.R.O.; Gillow, Lancashire
RCCl/Sallts, 111 S.
Butler, Thomas, divine, proceeded B.A. in the University
of Cambridge in 1548, and according to Ant. Wood was also
at Oxford, but it was probably in some foreign university that
he took the degree of doctor of the canon and civil laws. His
zeal for the faith obliged him to retire into voluntary banish-
ment in the first year of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and he
chiefly resided at Rome with his great friend, Thomas Goldwell,
Bishop of S1. Asaph, to whom he dedicated his treatise on the
l\Iass.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,. Cooper, Ath. Ca7ztab.
I. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called the
l\!:asse; In which by the Word of God, and Testimonies of the
Apostles and Primitive Church, it is proved that our Saviour
Jesus Christ did institute the Masse, and the Apostles did
celebrate the same. Translated from the Latin of Anthony
Possevin. Lovain, 1570. 12mo.
Another edition, Antwerp, 1570. Svo.
Butler, William, a lieutenant in the Royal army, was killed
at Newbury Fight during the Civil Wars. He was a member
of the Rawc1iffe Hall family.
Castlema'Ùl, Cath. Apology.
Butler, William, also a lieutenant in the King's army, was
killed at the battle of Newbury.
Castlemaill, Cath. Apology.
Butler, William, Gent., of l\iyerscough House, Lancashire,
a cadet of the Rawcliffe Hall family, married Rosamond,
daughter of Thomas Longworth, of 51. Michael's Hall, Esq. He
was engaged in the rising of 1715, was taken prisoner at
.. Preston, tried at Liverpool, and executed at Preston for his
loyal ty to the Stuarts, Jan. 28, 17 16.
Gillow, Lallcashire ReCllSallts, III S.
Butt, William Henry, schoolmaster, descended from a
Gloucestershire family, was with his brother, James Palmer

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 6 7

Eutt, sent to the famous school established in Somers Town by
the French émigré priest, 1\1. C. Abbé Carron, at the end of the
last century.
Both of them became Catholics and passed throug-h their
higher studies at Stonyhurst College.
Another brother was father to l\lr. Justice Butt, formerly
l\I.P. for Southampton, and now one of her :Majesty's judges.
In 1823 l\ir. \Villiam Henry Butt opened a classical
academy at Spring Terrace, Richmond, Surrey, and some five
years later, in partnership with his brother, 1\1r. J. P. Butt, he
removed to the large establishment of Baylis House, Salt Hill,
near \Vindsor, Bucks, and here soon after they were joined by
the l\Hsses Adams, with their preparatory school for little boys,
who occupied premises contiguous to the higher school.
In 1835 l\lr. \V. H. Butt withdrew to Norwood, Surrey,
where he opened a select academy, the younger boys being
placed under the immediate care of J\1rs. Butt, but he does not
appear to have continued this establishment very long.
J\'Ir. James Palmer Butt remained at Baylis House School
until his death, May 2, 1873, aged 84, assisted in the manage.
ment by his sons, the eldest of whom, James \Villiam Butt,
died June 19, 186 I, aged 40, and another son died a priest at
Hammersmith, Sept. 27, 1854. The beautiful church of Brook
Green was projected, built, and completed (with the exception
-of the spire) by the latter, who died soon after the opening,
and is buried in the chancel, with a fine brass to his memory
.over his grave.
The present Bishop-Auxiliary of Southwark, the R. R. John
Butt, a third son, likewise for some time assisted in the school,
.and subsequently for a short time engaged as junior master at
Sedgley Park School, previous to his ordination at St. Edmund's
College. .
Baylis House has since been conducted on an extensive
scale with great success by a fourth son, James Butt, in partner-
ship with his son \ViIliam, and the preparatory school in con.
nection with the establishment is under the management of the
l\lisses Butt.
Few private schools can record so long and so successful a
life as that of Baylis House.
Laity's and Catltolic Directories,. Gillow, Catk. Sckools in
Eng. since tlte Reformation.

3 68

DIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Button, Richard, D.D., alias \Villiamson, was at the
English College at Rome, in 1596, being then a priest, and his
name is in the list of those \V ho took part in the disturbances,
attached to Cardinal Sega's report of that year. He was sent
to the English mission, and soon afterwards was apprehended
and consigned to the prison at \Visbeach.
His signature appears to the Appeal of the thirty-three
clergymen against the Archpriest Blackwell, dated from
Wisbeach, Kov. 17, 1600. Subsequently, Jan. 3 I, 1603, he
was one of the thirteen missioners who made the Protestation
of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth.
He remained for many years on the mission, chiefly residing
in Staffordshire, where he was living in 1635, aged 70.
Dodd, CIL. H'Ùt.; Tierncy's Dodd, vol. iii.; F olcy, Records S J.,.
Roman Dim]'.
I. A learned Discourse concerning Abbey Lands. MS. appa-
rently at Douay College in Dodd's time.
Buxton, Christopher, priest, martyr, was a native of
Derbyshire, and was one of the scholars of the martyr, Nicholas
Garlick, then master of the grammar school founded by Bishop
Pursglovc, at Tideswell, in the Peak, not very far from Buxton,
from which no doubt his family derived its name. Under the
guidance of this holy man, 1\lr. Buxton proceeded to the
English College at Rheims, where he remained for a short
time, and received minor Orders in I 583.
In April of the following year he was admitted into the
English College, Rome, being then twenty-two years of age,
and in I 586 he was ordained priest. He left Rome for the
English mission in April, 1587, but was seized soon after his
arrival, and was condemned to death for coming into England,
being a priest, and remaining in the country contrary to the
statute. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Cant
rbury,
with two other priests, Robert \Vilcox and Edward Campian,
Oct. I, 1588. Being so young it was thought that his con-
stancy might be shaken with the sight of the barbarous
butchery of his companions, and his life was offered him if he
would conform to the Protestant religion, but he courageously
answered that he would not purchase a corruptible life at such
a rate, and that if he had a hundred lives he would willingly
surrender them all in defence of his faith. '
CILallollcr, lJIcJlloirs; Foley, Records SJ" Roman Diary.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 6 9

Cade, Laurence, or Caddy, a gentleman of good family,
was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, but does not
appear to have taken any degree. Becoming a Catholic, he
travelled to Douay, where he was for some time a scholar in
the English College, and returned to England about I 58 I.
His friends and relatives, who were wealthy and people of
position and influence, never ceased to attack him by threats
and promises until they had succeeded in bringing him back to
the Established Church, and, in 158 I, though much against his
conscience, he publicly recanted at St. Paul's Cross and thus
obtained his liberty. It was not long, however, before he
repented of his weakness, and going over to Paris was recon-
ciled to the Church in the house of the English Carmelites,
and published a recantation in favour of his last change, to
which he adhered for the remainder of his life.
He was very instrumental in moderating the fury of John
Nichols, who having also been a student at Rome, had prevari.
cated, and not only published several scandalous libels against
the Catholics abroad, but was contriving to work all the mischief
he could by turning priest-catcher.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.
. Cooper, Atlzell. Calltab.
. DOllay Diaries.
I. Palinodia Laurentiæ Caddei, in Bridgwater's "Concert. Eccles.
Cath. in Anglia," 234, b.

Cadwallador, Roger, priest and martyr, who was com-
monly known on the mission by the name of Rogers, was born
at Stretton, near Sugeres, or Sugwas, in Herefordshire. His
father was a yeÇ)man, a man of substance, and Roger was his
eldest son and heir.
From his very childhood aU his attention was devoted to the
service of God, and to his studies, in which he surpassed most
of his schoolfellows.
All efforts to induce him to embrace a worldly profession
proving vain, his father permitted him to proceed to the
English College at Rheims, where he was ordained sub-deacon
in 159 I, and deacon in the following year.
lIe was then sent to the recently established English College
at Valladolid, in Spain, where he finished his studies, was
ordained priest, and about the year I 594 came on the English
mission.
His labours were in his native co
mty of Hereford, where
VOL. I. B B

370

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

he deservedly gained the character of a pious, prudent, and
zealous missioner, remarkable for his success in making
converts, especially among the working classes, for whose
comfort and spiritual assistance he spared no pains, night or
day, usually performing his journeys on foot.
This apostolical life he continued for about sixteen years,
until his apprehension by James Prichard, the Under-Sheriff of
the county, at the house of a Catholic widow lady, l\Irs. \Vine-
fride Scroope, situated within eight miles of Hereford, on
Easter Sunday, I Q 10,
He was first brought before the High Sheriff, and then
before the Bishop of the diocese, Robert Bennet, who seems to
have shown most indecent satisfaction at his apprehension.
After his examination by the Bishop, who was greatly dis-
comfited by the prisoner's answers, he was committed to Here-
ford Gaol, where he was loaded with shackles and bolts, inso-
much that when he was to be removed from Hereford to the
gaol at Leominster, a boy was sent with him to hold up by a
cord the weight of some iron links which were attached to the
shackles, for he was forced, though feeble and weak, to make
the journey on foot.
His sufferings in prison are recorded with great minuteness,
but are too horrible to repeat. His health naturally broke
down, and yet even in this state the Bishop and his doctors
could not deny themselves an opportunity so advantageous for
a triumph, and he was accordingly carried before them for a
disputation. But they were again defeated. He was there-
fore tried on account of his priestly character, nothing else
being laid to his charge, and he was condemned to death.
The long-desired day came at last; he was brought from
his prison at Leominster, laid upon a hurdle and drawn to the
place of execution, where he was hanged, and butchered while
yet alive, Aug. 27, 1610, aged 43. .
His rare genius is noticed by Dr. Pitts, who says that he was
deeply versed in Greek, and displayed great ability in controversy.
Challoller, ltfemoirs.; PitsClIS, De Illlls. A1Zg1iæ Scriptoribus.
I. Philotheus, or the Lives of the Fathers of the Syrian Deserts,
by Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus. Translated from the Greek.
Printed and published.
2. He was also engaged in controversy, and left behind him some
correspondence.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3ït

Cadyman, Sir Thomas, M.D., was a native of Norfolk,
and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he
proceeded B.A. 1605-6, and l\i.A. in 1609. He graduated
Doctor ofl\iedicine at Padua, in March, 1620, and, on his return
to England, passed his examinations before the Censors of the
College of Physicians, in May and June, 1623. At the
Comitia .i1IaJora of June 25, in that year, he was ordered to get
incorporated at one of our own Universities. \Vhether he was so
or not does not appear. For some unexplained reason, but
no doubt on account of his religion, his admission to the
College was postponed for more than seven years. Gee refers
to him in his catalogue of Popish physicians in and about the
City of London, in 1623, as "D. Cademan, a faire-conditioned
man, some time of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge." Three
years later he was living in Fetter Lane, and was returned to
the Parliamentary Commissioners by the College as a "Papist,"
and in the list of 1628 he appea
s with many others as "nec
permissu nec solventes." On Dec. 3, 1630, he was admitted a
Licentiate, and within three weeks from that time, namely,
Dec. 22, being then Physician-in-Ordinary to Queen Henrietta
1\laria, he was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians.
He was appointed Anatomy Lecturer in 1649, but Harney,
who was probably influenced by religious animosity: states that
he performed the duties of that office in a manner neither
. creditable to himself nor worthy of the College. He, however,
became an Elect, :May 25, 1650, and died May 2, 165 I.
J1Izmk, Roll of lite Royal College of Pltysicimls
. Gee, Foot out
of the Snare.
1. The Earle of Bedford's Passage to the Highest Court of
Parliament, May 9, 1641 . . . . observed by his Lordship's
Physician, Doctor Cademan. Lond. 1641. 4to.
2. The Distiller of London, &c. Examined and corrected by
T. de Mayerne and Thomas Cademan. Lond. 1639. fo!'; 1641-52.
3. De Signis Morborum tractatus: Opus posthumum curâ
Thomæ Clargicii.
Ded. to Queen Henrietta :\Iaria.

Caestryck, Charles Benedict, O.P., S. Th. Præs., was
a younger son of Petrus Jacobus Caestryck, and his wife, Anna
Teresa Ecuwart, and was born at Poperinghe, near Ypres,
Feb. 9, 1762. He was educated by the Jesuits, but joined the
Dominicans at Ypres, where he was professed in 1785. On
B n 2

37 2

BIBLIOG RAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

the dispersion of his community by the French, he , in I 792

went to the English Dominican Convent at Bornhem; but
when this was likewise broken up, in 1794, he fled into
England. For some time he resided with private families in
London, and then went to the College the community had
opened at Carshalton, Surrey, in 180 I, and was sent to
vVoburn Lodge in the following year. He also casually served
the mission at Cheam.
He was not formally incorporated with the English Province
until 18 14, when he was removed to Leicester, and for a
twelvemonth from] uly, 18 16, was N ovice-lVlaster at the Priory
at Hinckley, supplying the mission at Leicester at the same
time. In 18 I 7 he built the church of Holy Cross, Leicester,
and some years later added a house. He went to Hartpury
Court, in 183 I, as chaplain to the nuns, whom he accompanied
to their new Convent at Atherstone, \Vanvickshire, in 1839.
Two years later he retired to the Priory at Hinckley, where
he died June 2, 1844, aged 83, and was buried in the church
at Leicester.
Palmer, Obit. .l\Totz"æs of tlte Ellg. Dominicans.
I. Morning and Evening Prayers for Sundays, consisting of-
1. Prayers before Mass. 2. A Method or Exercise for assisting
at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, according to the four great ends
of the Sacrifice. 3. Vespers or Afternoon Service. 4. Evening
Prayers. The whole as performed throughout the year in
Holy Cross Chapel, Leicester. Leicester, N.D. 12mo., pp. 97.
2. Three Sermons upon the Sacrament; in which Transub-
stantiation is impartially considered-I, as to reason; 2, as to
Scripture; 3, as to tradition. The first preached before the
King at Whitehall, June 14, 1688; the second before their
Majesties at Windsor, Aug. 26,1688; and the third before the
King at Worcester, 1688. By Silvester Jenks, Preacher-in-
Ordinary to their Majesties. Edited by Fr. Caestryck, Leicester, N.D.
8vo., pp. 37.
3. A familiar and interesting Discourse on the Spirit and
Practice of the Virtue of Christian Penance, together with its
obligation and necessity. Delivered to a Catholic Congregation
on the first Sunday in Lent. Leicester, 1826. 8vo., pp. 9.
4. Portrait, both lithograph and oleograph. A good painting is pre-
served in the Dominican Convent at Carisbrook.

Calderbank, James, O.S.B., was born at Liverpool, in
1770, and was professed at St. Laurence's Monastery, Dieul-
ward, in 1792. \Vhen the College was seized by the revolu-

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

373

tionists be escaped to Treves, where he was ordained priest in
1793. He accompanied the refugees from St. Laurence's in
their wanderings and temporary settlements at Acton Burnel!,
Birkenhead, Parbold, and Verllon Hall.
In 1800 he was sent on the mission at Bath, as assistant to
Fr. Ainsworth, and remained there until 1805, when he went
to \Veston, Bucks, for about a year. From 1806 to 1808 he
was stationed in London, and in the latter year was appointed
to St. Peter's, Liverpool. Here he remained till 1809, and then
returned to Bath, and succeeded, on the death of Fr. Ains-
worth, in 1814, as head of that mission. So he continued
until 18 17, and, from that year to 18 19, was at Crosby, in
Lancashire, removing to Woolton in the latter year, where he
died April 9, 1821, and was buried at St. Peter's, Liverpool.
He held the title of Cathedral Prior of Peterborough in 1810.
Sno,u, Bellcd. Necrology; Olivcr, Collections.
I. Observations, in a Series of Letters, in Answer to certain
Questions relating to various Subjects of Religion proposed by
a Clergyman of the Established Church, to a Catholic Convert.
Bath, 1814. 8vo., pp. 236.
Dr. Oliver remarks that they are characterized by good sense, perspicuity
and moderation, and do credit to his heart and understanding.

Caldwell, John, alias Fenwick, Father S.]., martyr, was
a native of Durham, born in 1628 of Protestant parents, but
converted to the faith after he had arrived at mature age, in
consequence of which he was disowned by his family.
He proceeded to St. Orner's CoJIege, where he made his
humanity studies, an.d entered the Society at \Vatten in 1656.
After he was ordained priest he spent several years-from
I662-as Procurator at St. Orner's College, and was sent to
England in 1676, where he resided in London still as Pro-
curator for his college.
He was marked out as a special victim for sacrifice in the
Oates Plot persecution, and was seized in the dead of the night,
with his fellow-martyr, Fr. vVilliarn Ireland, committed to
Newgate, and after a long incarceration was arraigned for high
treason with that Father.
But the evidence was insufficient to convict him. He was
therefore remanded back to prison and re-arraigned with the
four Fathers, \Vhitbread, Barrow, Turner, and Gawen, convicted,

374

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

though pleading his former acquittal, and suffered with them at
Tyburn, June 20-30, 1679, aged 5 I.
During his imprisonment he suffered so much from his
chains and bolts, that it was once under the doctor's delibera-
tion whether or not his leg should be amputated.
His remains were interred in the churchyard of St. Giles'-
in- the-Fields.
Foley, Rccords SJ., Coltecta/lea
. Olz"'lICr, Collccta/lea SJ.
I. The Tryals and Condemnation, &c., of the Five Jesuits,
vide Fr. 'ViII. Barrow.
2. Portrait, R. P. Joannes Fenwickus Soc. Jesu Sacerdos.
Fidei odio Suspensus et dissectus ad Tibourn propé Londinum
20-30 Junii, 1679. Martin Bouche, sc., Antverpiæ, sm. 4to., in Fr.
Mat. Tanner's" Brevis Relatio," Prague, 1683.

Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, was born at Kipling,
in the chapelry of Bolton, in Yorkshire, about I 582, and was
the son of Leonard Calvert, and Alice, his wife, daughter of
John Crossland, of Crossland, Esq., who was returned as
a recusant in 1604. The family was said to be descended
from the ancient and noble house of Calvert, in the Earldom
of Flanders. He was educated in Trinity College, Oxford,
where he was admitted a gentleman commoner in 1593, at the
age of fifteen, and in Feb. 1597, took the degree of B.A. He
aÍterwards went abroad and greatly improved himself. On his
return he was appointed Under-Secretary to Sir Robert
Cecil, Chief Secretary of State to James 1., who retained him
in his service when he was raised to the office of Lord High
Treasurer.
When James I. was entertained by the University of Oxford,
in Aug. 1605, Calvert was created l\LA., and was afterwards
ma
e one of the clerks of the Privy Council. On Sept. 29,
1617, he received the honour of knighthood, and in Feb. 1619,
he was appointed to be one of the principal Secretaries of State.
Thinking the Duke of Buckingham had been the chief
instrument of his preferment, he presented him with a jewel of
great value, but the Duke returned it, acknowledging he had no
hand in his advancement, and that his IVlajesty alone had made-
choice of him on account of his great abilities. In May, 1620,.
the king granted him a yearly pension of ;(, 1,000 out of the
customs.
After holding the seals about five years, he resigned them in

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

375

1624, frankly owning to the king that he had become a
Catholic. The king nevertheless retained him as a Privy
Councillor during the remainder of his reign, and in Feb. 1625,
created him (by the name of Sir George Calvert of Danby
\Viske, in Yorkshire, Knight) Baron of Baltimore, co. Longford,
in Ireland. He was at that time a representative in Parliament
for the University of Oxford.
vVhile Secretary of State, in recognition of some geographical
discoveries in America, he had obtained a patent for himself,
and his heirs, to be absolute lord and proprietor (with the
royalties of a Count-palatine) of the province of Avalon, in
Newfoundland. He gave it this name from Avalon, in
Somersetshire, the site of Glastonbury Abbey, the first-fruits of
Christianity in Britain, as the other was in that part of
America. Finding this settlement very much exposed to the
ravages of the French, he at last determined to abandon it.
He then went to Virginia, and having viewed the neighbouring
country, returned to England, and obtained from Charles I. a
patent to himself and his heirs for the tract of country, on the
north of Virginia, which he named !vlaryland. He, however,
died April 15, 1632, before the grant was made out, but his
son, Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who had been in Virginia,
took it out in his own name, and the patent bears date June 20,
of that year. He was to hold it of the Crown of England in
common socage, as of the manor of Windsor, paying yearly,
on Easter Tuesday, two Indian arrows at the Castle of
vVindsor, and the fifth part of the gold and silver ore that
should be found in Maryland. The capital of Maryland was
subsequently named after his title.
Lord Baltimore was an able statesman, and an enemy to
flattery, selfishness, and other vices too common to statesmen at
that period. He was an assiduous worker, and his opinions
were held in great respect by those with whom he came
in contact. He was buried in St. Dunstan's chancel, in Fleet
Street.
Dodd, CIz. Hist,; JVood, Atlzell. Ozon.; Rose, Biog. Diet.;
Peacock, Rom. Catlzolz'cs, Co. York, 1604.
I. Carmen fllnebre in D. Hen. Untonum ad Gallos bis
Legatum, ibique nllper fato Fllnctum. Lond. 1596. 4 t o.

. Speeches in Parliament.
3. Various Letters of State.

37 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
.

4. An Account of Maryland.
5. The Answer of Tom Tell-Truth. The Practice of Princes
and the Lamentations of the Kirk. Lond. (Feb. 25) 1642. 4to.
6. Babylon's Fall in Maryland: a fair warning to Lord Baltamore ; or, a
Relation of an Assault made by divers Papists, and Popish officers of the Lord
Baltamore's against the Protestants in Maryland. (Providence?) 1655. 4to.
7. Discourse on the Life and Character of George Calvert,
first Baron Baltimore. Maryland Hist. Soc., Baltimore, 1845, 8vo.;
Philadelphia, Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania (1852), 8vo., by J. P. Kennedy.

Campden, Augusta Mary Catharine, Viscountess, was
the eldest daughter of Robert Berkeley, of Spetchley, Esq.,
and his wife, the Lady Catharine, daughter of the Earl of
Kenmare. She married, March 9, 1876, Charles William
Francis Noel, Viscount Campden, subsequently third Earl of
Gainsborough, and died in October of the following year, 1877,
aged 25.
She was educated at the Dominican Convent, Stone, under
the venerated IVlother Margaret Hallahan.
Burke, Peerage.
I. In Memoriam. Sermon preached in substance at the
Solemn Requeim Mass on the occasion of the month's mind of
Augusta, Viscountess Campden, in the Chapel of St. Thomas of
Canterbury, Exton, Dec. 4, 1877. By the Rev. F. F. Jones,
Chaplain to R. Berkeley, Esq. Lond. 1878. 8vo., pp. 24.

Campian, Edward, priest and martyr, was born in Kent,
of a gentleman's family, and studied at Douay College during
its residence at Rheims, where he was ordained priest and sent
to the English mission in I 5 87.
His apprehension soon followed, and he was arraigned and
condemned to death merely on account of being a priest and
exercising his duties in England contrary to the unjust laws of
that period. Accordingly he was hanged, bowelled, and quar-
tered at Canterbury, Oct. I, 1588.
He exhibited great courage and cheerfulness at his execu-
tion, which Raissius thought was in September.
Cltal101ler, .hfemoirs.

Campion, Edmund, Father S.J., the protomartyr of
the English Jesuits, was born in London on St. Paul's Day,
Jan. 25, 1539-40, the thirtieth year of Henry VIII.: a year
marked by the suppression of the great religious houses in

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3ï7

England, and the inauguration of a persecution of which, forty
years after, Campion was to be a victim, as well as by the
solemn Papal approval of the Society of Jesus, of which,
perhaps, he was to be its most remarkable ornament.
His father, Edmund Campion, was a citizen and bookseller
of London, and though not wealthy, had a reputation for
honesty, and was, says Fr. Persons, a Catholic.
When he was about nine or ten years of age, his parents
wished to apprentice him to a merchant, but some members
of one of the London Companies-probably the Grocers-
having become acquainted with the" sharp and pregnant wit II
that he had shown from his childhood, induced their guild to
undertake the expense of his education.
Accordingly he was first sent to some London grammar-
school, and aften\ards to the new foundation at Christ Church,
Newgate Street, or the Bluecoat School. Here he carried off
all the principal prizes, and his "championship" was acknow-
ledged in the common concurSllS which existed at this period
among the London grammar-schools; so that when Queen
l\lary, on her solemn entry into London, Aug. 3, 1553, had to
pass by St. Paul's School, it was none of the" Paul's pigeons"
that was selected to address her, but Campion, as the represen-
tative of London scholarship, was brought from Newgate Street
to make the requisite harangue.
"VVhen Sir Thomas \Vhite founded St. John's College, Oxford,
the Grocers' Company dealt with him to admit this youth as a
scholar. The Company gave him an exhibition for his main-
tenance, and in 1557, when the college was increased, Campion
became junior Fellow, for the founder had conceived a special
affection for him, and he had in very short time become widely
known for his wit, and especially for graceful speech and gift of
eloquence, in which he was thought to have no compeer.
In Nov. 1558, Queen l\1ary and Cardinal Pole died, and
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, set up chiefly by the forward-
ness and forces of the Catholic nobility and people, who at that
day were without comparison the stronger party, but were
content to act thus, partly in the hope of Elizabeth continuing
in the Catholic religion, of which she had made much demon-
stration while her sister lived, and partly through certain
politic persuasion that this was the least evil, the best way to
preserve peace, and exclude a foreign succession to the crown.

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DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

But within a few weeks the new Queen had forbidden the Host
to be elevated in her presence, had chidden her preachers for
their doctrine, and had excited such suspicion that a Bishop
could hardly be procured to crown her. After her coronation
she entirely threw off the mask: by a packed party in the
"beardless parliament," a majority of one voice in the House
of Lords, from which by threats and cajolery she had caused
the chief Catholic nobles to absent themselves, against the
unanimous decision of the Bishops and the expressed wishes
of Convocation, she substituted the Anglican Establishment for
the Catholic Church.
But it was a long time before the law written on paper
became transfused into the habits and life of the English; the
utmost address and ingenuity, the most imperturbable patience,
were requisite to enforce it step by step, first in one place,
then in another, upon the divided and isolated population of
the country.
The change was not immediately felt at Oxford, especially
by the undergraduates; the authorities did not want to make
Oxford a desert by forcing too many consciences; no oath was
required of Campion till he took his degree in I 564.
In that year he was Orator in the schools, delivering one or
more most admirable orations, to the envy of his contempo-
rari es.
After he had taken his degree he had bosts of pupils, who
followed not only his teaching but his example, and imitated
not only his phrases but even his gait; and he filled Oxford
with U Campionists."
St. John's College was at that time a nursery for Catholics,
and it remained so until after the death of its founder, Sir
Thomas \Vhite, in 1564, when Campion pronounced his funeral
oration in Latin before the members of the University.
Previous to this, in I 560, he had made his first public orato-
rical display at Oxford at the re-burial of poor Amy Robsart,
Robert Dudley's murdered wife. The next great occasion of
Campion's oratorical triumphs was in 1566, during the Queen's
visit to the University, when she expressed her admiration of
his eloquence, and commended him particularly to Lord Robert
Dudley, shortly afterwards created Earl of Leicester, who
willingly undertook to patronize the scholar, and for four years
from this time showed bim no little kindness.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

379

On the whole, in 1564, Campion was the most popular man
in Oxford, where no one envied his triumphs. He did not
reside long enough to take his doctor's degree, but he was
made Proctor and Public Orator, the highest posts compatible
with his standing.
Campion had access to Leicester's ante-room whenever he
pleased, and here perhaps he met with Richard Cheney, Bishop
of Gloucester, an acquaintance which soon ripened into the
closest intimacy and affection.
Yielding half reluctantly to the Bishop's persuasions, Campion
suffered himself to be ordained deacon, so as to be capable of
preferment, and to be able to preach.
As soon as he was ordained, troubles began to beset him.
Rumours of his heterodoxy reached the Grocers' CompanY7
from which he still held his exhibition, and, in 1568, they
began to question him.
They demanded that he should come and preach at Paul's
Cross, London, in favour of the established religion, threatening
that his exhibition should cease in default.
Campion disliked the ordeal proposed, and ultimately resigned
his exhibition.
But he was soon to make a still more important resignation.
Soon after his ordination he began to feel extraordinary mental
anguish: his orders appeared "disorders," whose only cure
was Catholicism.
His friend Gregory l\1artin, who like himself was a man of
mark-of extraordinary modesty and moderation, the Hebraist,
the Grecian, the poet, the honour and glory of St. John's
College-had joined Dr. Allen at Douay, and before he left
had written to Campion warning him against the ambition
that was leading him astray, and begging him to follow his
example.
Thus driven and thus drawn, Campion left Oxford, on the
Feast of St. Peter in Chains, Aug. I, 1569, on the termination
of his proctorial office, of which he rendered an account in the
usual Latin oration.
When he left Oxford, it was not because he was weary of
a University life, but because the opposition to his way of
thinking was becoming too strong, and at the same time
because he thought he saw an opening for a wider career in
Dublin. The new religion was daily gaining ground at the

3 80

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

English University, the whole machinery of which was in the
hands of men who were both able and desirous to make it the
stronghold of the rising Puritanism. But at Dublin the old
University, which had been discontinued, was to be begun
anew, and a motion had been made in the parliamentary
session of 1570 to erect it again. The chief mover in this
restoration was the Recorder of Dublin and Speaker of the
House of Commons, James Stanihurst, the father of one of
Campion's pupils, and at that time a zealous Catholic.
The career, which the constant supervision of the Privy
Council, and the puritanical zeal of such men as Horn
and Tobie Mathew, were fast closing against Campion at
Oxford, seemed to him to be opening with better auspices at
Du blin.
Thither, therefore, with the approbation of his patron, the
Earl of Leicester, he betook himself, in company with his
pupil, Richard Stanihurst, and arrived in 1570.
Here he employed himself partly" in exercises of learning
with Richard Stanihurst, and in controversies against the here.
tics of that time," and partly in setting forth his ideal of what
a University education should be; and it was here he wrote his
classical discourse, "De Homine Academico."
Campion had hoped to become a pioneer of Irish "civility"
in the new University at Dublin; but the scheme failed.
Though not then received into the Church, he was suspected to
be a Papist, and only saved from arrest through the protection
of Sidney, the Governor.
After his educational projects were finally nipped by the
departure of Sidney from Dublin, in March, 157 I, Campion
had to devise some other method of accounting for his absence
from England. He therefore wrote a History of Ireland, but
he was not allowed to finish it in peace. Though not yet
reconciled to the Church, he lived openly as a Catholic, and it
was therefore resolved to apprehend him.
Campion, however, was warned, by a private message at mid.
night, of the intention to seize him early the next morning, and
a refuge was procured for him at Turvey, eight miles from
Dublin. This was in :l\1arch, 157 I, N.S., and in the following
June he escaped over to England.
From London, after witnessing Dr. Storey's trial, Campion
determined to proceed at once to Douay, but in mid-channel

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 81

bis ship was searched by an English cruiser, and he was carried
a prisoner to Dover.
He, however, managed to escape, succeeded in getting over
to Calais without further molestation, and at once proceeded to
Douay College, where he was warmly received by Dr. Allen and
Gregory Martin.
During the time that Campion spent at Douay, he completed
his course of scholastic theology, took the degree of Bachelor
of Divinity, received minor Orders, and was ordained sub-
deacon. He was also employed as a Professor in the College.
After spending more than a year at Douay, he determined
to make a pilgrimage to SSe Peter and Paul at Rome, and to
become a Jesuit.
Campion arrived at Rome in the autumn of 1572, and in
the following year was admitted into the Society of Jesus, but
as there was then no English "nation" in the Society, he was
attached to the Austrian Province. He soon afterwards pro-
ceeded to Vienna, and was immediately sent from there to
Prague, where the novitiate then was.
Here his residence was of very short duration, for within two
months of his arrival the novitiate, into which he had not yet
made his formal entrance, was removed to Brünl1 in l\Ioravia,
where he spent the year of his probation.
In I 574 he returned to Prague, where he was made Professor
of Rhetoric and was loaded with many other offices. He was
ordained deacon and priest in 1577, and ,vas made Professor of
Philosophy.
At length, in 1580, he was summoned to Rome, for Dr.
Allen had succeeded in obtaining the assistance of the Jesuits
in the English mission, and it was determined by their
General to send two Fathers, Persons and Campion, as the first
missionaries.
After a few days spent in Rome, the two Fathers left it in
company with several other secular missionaries, and, after
many adventures-calling at the Colleges at Rheims and St.
Omer on their way-they ultimately arrived in England, by
various routes, Campion landing at Dover, June 25, 1580.
His course was a sh-ort one. After preaching with mar-
vellous success in London and through various counties in
England, even so far north as Lancashire and Yorkshire, and
writing his famous" Challenge" and his" Decem Rationes," be

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

was betrayed, in July, 1581, by an apostate named Eliot, while
on a passing visit to Mrs. Yate, at Lyford, Berks, whose husband
was a prisoner for religion in London.
The moated grange at Lyford" was an attractive place for a
Catholic priest. Mrs. Yate had under her protection eight
Brigittine nuns, who had migrated into Belgium at the beginning
of Elizabeth's reign, but had been compelled by the tumults in
the Low Countries to return, and were committed by the Queen
to the custody of various persons, where they suffered many
miseries, till some gentlemen, in pity for them, begged the
Queen to transfer their custody to them. 1\1r. Yate had for
several years lodged eight of them in his house, and his widowed
mother had joined their community. It was natural that they
should desire to see and hear Fr. Campion, and many Catholics
who were accustomed to meet at the house were anxious to hear
him preach.
The house was surrounded with pursuivants, and though its
walls were pierced in every direction with galleries and hiding
boles, Campion, with two priests, Ford and Colleton, were
ultimately discovered in a little close cell excavated in the wall
.above the gateway, lying side by side on a narrow bed, their
faces and hands raised towards heaven.
At the same time were apprehended seven gentlemen and
two yeomen, and orders were received from the Council that
they should be sent under a strong guard to London.
"VVhile in Berkshire the Sheriff treated them like gentlemen,
but as they approached the metropolis the cue was to render
them ridiculous; they were to have their elbows tied behind
them, their hands in front, and their legs under their horses'
bellies.
Campion, who had to ride first in this mock triumph, was to
be further decorated in the way that perjurers were marked in
those days, with a paper stuck in his hat, with his title written,
Campion, the seditious Jesuit. They were thus paraded through
the whole length of the city, on Saturday, July 22, espe-
cially through the places where, by reason of the markets of
that day, the greatest concourse of the common people was
assembled.
"VVhen the cavalcade reached the Cross in Cheapside (the
lower images of which had been defaced during the night of
June 2 I by Puritans), Campion made a low reverence to the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 8 3

cross, which still remained on the top, and crossed himself as
well as he could with his tied hands on the breast.
At last they reached the Tower, and were delivered over to
the custody of Sir Owen Hopton.
At first Campion was thrust into the Little-ease, a narrow
cell, in which the prisoners cannot stand or lie at length.
After four days he was taken before the Earl of Leicester,
the Earl of Bedford, and two Secretaries of State, where he was
treated with all honour and courtesy.
They pitied him, for they had known and admired him in
his youth at London and Oxford. They told him that they
found no fault with him, except that he was a Papist.
At the trial it came out that the Queen herself was present
at this interview, and offered him his life, his liberty, riches
and honours, if he would but conform.
On his return to the Tower, Hopton treated him with great
courtesy, and tried the method of argument and persuasion,
and promises of the Queen's favour, an ample pension, a place
at Court, or, if he liked it better, a rich benefice-even the
Archbishopric of Canterbury. Reports were circulated that he
was about to renounce his religion; the news flew, and grew
as it flew; and Campion was at this moment the talk of all
England.
But all this had no effect upon him, and it speedily became
clear that there was no probability of succeeding by the new
method, and so the Council determined, after he had been just
a week in the Tower, to use him severely.
Cardinal Allen, in his It Apology for the Martyrs," notes as
one of the refinements of the English Council, that they tortured
the priests on Sundays or other great Catholic festivals.
Campion's first racking was either on Sunday, July 30, or the
next day, a great one even then to a Jesuit, as it was the
anniversary of 51. Ignatius's death.
The most brutal rackings and tortures followed, at the very
thought of which nature shudders, and which rivalled those of
the early martyrs of the Church.
The reaction in the public mind against torture after this
period was decisive. Beale, the clerk of the Council, who had
himself been one of Campion's rackmasters, wrote, about 15 8 5,
a vehement book against the ecclesiastical system, in which he
condemned, without any exception, all racking of offenders, as

3 8 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

cruel, barbarous, contrary to law and to English liberties.
Whítgift, the Archbishop of Canterbury, thought this con-
demnation monstrous. The torture-chamber was one of the
institutions on which Anglicanism seemed to rely most securely.
At length, on Nov. 14, Campion was arraigned, with several
other priests, before the grand jury at Westminster Hall, and
pleading "not guilty," they were all returned to the prisons
from whence they came.
On Nov. 20, following, they were again brought to 'VVest-
minster to be tried-a day which proved to the world the sad
fall of equity, law, conscience, and justice, together with the
Catholic faith, in this country.
The prosecution was as unfairly conducted, and supported by
as slender evidence, as any, perhaps, that can be found on
record.
When the prisoners were at the bar, and the packed jury in
their box, the clerk of the Crown read the indictment for con-
spiring to compass the overthrow and death of the Queen.
The Council had at first only proposed to indict Campion
for his infringement of the statutes in support of the Established
Church, but if he was to be hanged on such an indictment, they
could never clear themselves from the charge of putting him to
death for religion and not for treason. They therefore forged
a plot of
o capacious a nature, that they determined on second
thoughts to include all the priests whom they then happened
to have in durance.
The indictment was clumsily constructed, and of course it
was impossible to prove such a tale, but the law officers of the
Crown were directed to obtain a conviction by any means that
might be necessary-packing the jury, suborning false witnesses

confounding all the cases into one, and general bullying and
unfairness in the conduct of the cause.
The pleadings took about three hours, and the jury consulted
for nearly an hour before they agreed on their verdict. The
greater part of the lawyers anù gentlemen present thought an
acquittal was certain, but judges and jury had the Queen's
will plainly signified to them, through Popham, the Attorney-
General.
Edward Plowden, the famous lawyer, himself a Catholic, had
come with the rest to see the trial, but one of the judges, not
liking that he sholùù report it, or even witness it, sent word to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 8 5

him to leave the court. As he was himself in question for
religion, he thought it prudent to obey.
\Vhen the jury returned from their consultation, which was a
mere blind to put a decent veil on a foregone conclusion, they
pronounced all the prisoners to be guilty; the most unjust
verdict, says an old writer, that ever was given in this land.
The Lord Chief Justice accordingly pronounced the sentence
that they be hanged, drawn, and quartered.
On Dec. I, 158 I, Campion, Sherwin, and Briant were brought
from the Tower, and placed on two hurdles, tied to the tails of
two horses; Sherwin and Briant were laid and bound on one,
Campion on the other. As they were dragged through the
gutters and filth, each hurdle was followed by a rabble of
ministers and fanatics, calling upon them by the way for their
subversion.
The procession took the usual route by Cheap side and Hol-
born, under the arch of N ewgate, which crossed the street where
the prison now stands, and so to the place of execution at
Tyburn, where the throng exceeded all that anyone could
remember.
Here, with his two companions, Campion was hanged and
butchered according to the sentence, and died purely a martyr
for the faith.
All writers unite, whether Catholic or Protestant, in saying
that he was a man of rare abilities, upright in conscience and
of a sweet disposition. His eloquence was a power which
appears to have swayed all who listened to him, and as a
philosopher and disputant he displayed great depth and sound
judgment.
Simpson, Life of Edmu1ld Campio1l.
I. Oration at the re-burial of Amy Robsart, Lord Robert Dudley's wife,
delivered at Oxford in 1560.
2. Orations delivered in Feb. 1564, while he was Orator in the schools at
Oxford.
3. Oration, in Latin, on Sir Thomas \Vhite, founder of St. John's College,
at his funeral at Oxford, 1564, MS. at Stonyhurst College.
4. De Romine Academico, a discourse written while he was in Dublin
in 1569, which has not survived in its original form. but is preserved in the
still more valuable shape of an oration, written when his vicws had been
corrected by his submission to the Church, and pronounced in the presence
of Dr. Allen, at Douay College, vide NO.7.
5. The History of Ireland, written in 1569. A MS. copy of it, dated
VOL. I. C C

386

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

1571, was given by Henry Duke of Norfolk, in 1678, to the library of the
Heralds' College, London (No. 37). It was first published by Richard
Stanihurst in Holinshed's Chronicles, 1586-7, then by Sir James \Vare, Knt.,
in his" Hist. of Ireland," Dublin, 1633, fo!'
Campion wrote this to account for his continued absence from England,
and only devoted ten weeks, in 1571, to its hasty composition, which, read by
the light of the circumstances under which it was conceived, is almost as much
a pamphlet to prove that education is the only means of taming the Irish as a
serious history.
The work is dedicated to his patron, Leicester, the Chancellor of his
University.
In this work is displayed an eloquence that succeeded beyond that of all
contemporary rivals in transfusing the vigour and polish of Cicero into a
language that was only struggling into form.
6. Narratio Divortii Henrici VIII., Regis Angliæ, ab Uxore et
ab Ecclesia; written probably about 1569, first printed at p. 733 of
Harpesfield's Hist. Angl. EccIesiastica, "Adjecta N arratione de Divortio
Henrici VIII., Regis ab Uxore Catherina et ab Ecclesia Romana Discessione,
scripta ab E. Campiano et edita a R. Gibbono," Duaci, 1622, fo1.
7. De Juvene Academico, an oration pronounced at Douay College
during the time he was professor there in 1571-2, which is the same, without
any material alterations, as the oration referred to in NO.4, a kind of pencil
sketch of the University man, not intended merely for the lay ideal, but for
that of the ecclesiastical student. It is printed in his" Opuscula Omnia."
8. De Laudibus Scripturæ Sacræ. Another oration pronounced at
Douay, of which only a part has been preserved in a very imperfect state.
9. Loci Communes Theologici. MS. fo1. at Stonyhurst.
10. The "glorious panegyric" with which he opened the schools at
Prague when Professor of Rhetoric, Oct. 18, 1574; read at Prague by
Schmidl, 1747.
I I. Chronologia Universalis, mentioned by Gregory :Martin in the
verses on his life (Bridgewater, Concertatio).
12. The Sacrifice of Abraham, a play, written in 1577, in which the
pathos of Abraham's part wa:; much admired (Varus, " Hist. of the College
of Prague," p. 19 0 ).
13. King Saul, a tragedy, written in 1577, which was exhibited at the
expense of the town, with great magnificence, during the Prague fair, in
honour of Elizabeth, the widow of Charles IX. of France, who had then
returned to her family at Prague. The play lasted six hours, and was
repeated the next day, by command of the Emperor.
14. Tragædia Ambrosiana, a drama exhibited in 1578. In after-
times some German admirer of the author prefixed a title to it, " Ambrosiana
Tragædia, authore Beato Edmundo Campiano, Græco, Latino, Poeta,
Oratore, Philosopho, Theologo, Virgine et Martyre." Epigrams were written,
complimenting the author on his melliíluous mouth, and on the nectar and
ambrosia which distilled from it. No tr3.ce of it can now be found among
the l\ISS. at Prague.
15. Letter to the Lords of the Council, 1580, not printed but circu-
culated extensively in
IS. It was written without preparation, in less than

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

387

naIf an hour, and in the hurry of a journey; yet it was so "pithy in substance
and style" that it was a triumph to one party and poison to the other. It is
printed in Simpson's Campion, and is a triple challenge to the Council, the
Universities, and the legal profession, to give him audience to discourse of
religion so far as it touches the commonwealth, to prove the faith of the
'Catholic Church, and to justify that faith by existing law.
This elicited from \Villiam Charke "An Answer to a seditious Pamphlet
lately cast abroad by a Jesuit, with a discovery of that blasphemous sect."
Lond. 1580, 8vo. ; again 1581. It was he who, as a conqueror, on that
rainy December morning which ushered Campion to a better world, followed
nis hurdle through the splash and mud, "with big looks. stern countenance,
proud words, and merciless behaviour; fierce and violent upon God's saints
in death and torments, and pompous in gait and speech unto the people for
gathering or retainipg some credit to his cause."
Another reply was by Meredith Hanmer, D.D., "The great Bragge and
'Challenge ofM. Champion a Jesuite, côfuted and answeared." Lond, 1581. 4to.
Both these books were at once confuted by Fr. Persons in his book,
"A brief Censure upon two books written in answer to M. Edmund Campion's
offer of disputation," Doway, John Lyon, 1581, 16mo. This was really printed
at Mr. Brooke's house near London, by Brinkley with his secret press.
Charke and Hanmer made separate replies to this Censure: " A Reply to
.a Censure written against the two Answers to a Jesuit's seditious pamphlet, by
\ V m. Ch<:.rke," Lond. 1581, 8vo., and " The J esuites' Banner; displaying their
.original and success; their vow and oath; their hypocrisy and superstitions ;
with a confutation of a late pamphlet secretly imprinted, and entituled
A brief Censure upon two books written in answer to M. Edmund Campion:s
offer of disputation. Compiled by Meredith Hanmer, M.A." Lond. 1581. 4to.
Shortly after Campion's death Persons went over to France, and abode for
some time diguised as a merchant at Rouen, where, among other works, he
printed, " A Defence of the Censure given upon two books of \Villiam Charke
and Meredith Hanmer, ministers, which they wrote against M. Edmund
Campion, Priest of the Society of Jesus, and against his offer of disputation,'
1582, 8vo., pp. 173- The Censure is reprinted paragraph by paragraph, and
each is defended in detail.
A year elapsed before any notice was taken of this able rejoinder; then
Charke published, ad interim, a portion of his reply, "An Answer for the
time unto that foul and wicked Defence of the Censure, that was given upon
M. Charke's book and i'leredith Hanmer's." Lond. 1583. 4to., pp. 107.
After three years' more study, Charke gave to the world his completed
treatise, " A Treatise against the Defense of Censure given upon the Books
of \Vm. Charke and Mer. Hanmer by an unknowne Popish Tray tor in main-
tenance of the seditious challenge of Edmund Campion, lately condemned
and executed for high treason. In which the reader shall wonder to see the
impudent falsehood of the Popish defender in abusing the names and writings
of the doctors old and new to blind the ignorant. Hereunto are adjoined two
treatises written by Dr. Fulke : the one against Allen's booke of the Authoritie
of the Priesthode to remitte sinnes, &c.; the other against the railing
declamation of P. Frarine." Cambridge, 1586. Three tracts with three title-
pages, pp. 359, 5 I, and 54.

C C 2

3 88

BIBLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

16. Decem Rationes, quibus fretus certamen Anglicanæ
Ecclesiæ ministris obtutit in causa fidei Edmundus Campianus.
8vo., privately printed at a lodge in Stonor Park, near Henley, 1581; Romæ,
15 8z , I zmo., pp. 80.; Antverpiæ, 1582, 8vo., with Whitaker's Answer,
Ingoldstadii, 1584, I zmo., with an account of his life and martyrdom, by his
pupil, Robert Turner; Romæ, 1584, 8vo., pp. 88; Herbipoli, 1589, Izmo. j
Lichæ Solomorum, 1601, 8vo., with Whitaker's Answer; Paris, 1601,
24 mo .; Rorschachii, 1606, 16mo.; Cadonii, 1616; Pragæ, 1692, Izmo.;.
Co!. Agripp., 1710, Izmo., under the title "Quinquaginta Rationes et
1\lotiva . . . . authore Edmundo Campiano." The work is also printed in
the Concertatio Eccles. Catho!. in Anglia, 1583, 1588, and 1594; Tres-
gravissimi perpetuæ Cath. Fidei constantiæ testes, Tertullianus. . . .
Vicentius Liriniensis . . . . Edm. Campianus . . . . quibus accesit brevis-
auctoris Vita et Epistolæ, Colon. 1594, 8vo.; Rorschachii, 1608, 8vo., Colon.
1600, 12mo, without Tertullian; Doctrinæ} esuiticæ præcipua capita, Rupellæ,
15 8 5, 8vo; Præscriptionum adv. Hereticos Tractat. viii. edit. a } ohan.
Calvino, :\loguntiæ, 1602, pp. 638; also in various editions of Campion's
Opuscula.
The translations were- French: Paris, 1601, IZmo., 161Z, 8vo.

Trevoux et Paris, 1701, lzmo., Paris, 1737, 8vo., 1743, 8vo., and in the Abbé
Migne's Démonstrations Evangéliques; German: Ingoldstadt, 1583, 4to.,
Cöln, 1600, 12mo. ; Flemish: Antwerpen, 159z, 8vo., Loven, s.a.; Dutch:
::Uunster, 1646 and 1669; English: Lond. 1606; Polish: Wilna, 1584, trans.
by P. Skarga, Rokn, 158..J.; Campion Englished, or a Translation of the
Ten Reasons in which Edmund Campion inserted in his Challenge to the-
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, made by a Priest of the Catholike
and Roman Church, s.1. 1632, 16mQ.; Reasons of a Challenge sent to the-
Universities of England in matters of religion, translated from the Latin
into English, Lond. 1687, 4to.; An Appeal to the Members of the two
Universities, presenting Ten Reasons for renouncing the Protestant and
embracing the Catholic Religion, Lond. 1827, 8vo.
Aylmer, the Bishop of London, ordered the two Regius Professors of
Divinity at Oxford and Cambridge to answer this book. The Cambridge
divine, \Vhitaker, was the first to appear: "Responsio ad Rationes Edmundi
Campiani, quibus fretus," &c., Lond. 1581, 8vo. The Oxford theologian
put out half his reply the next year: "J esuitismi pars prima: sive de Praxi
Romanæ Curiæ contra respublicas et principes, et de novo legatione } esui-
tarum in Angliam," &c., authore Laurentio Humfredo, Lond. 1582. 8vo.
The same year Fr. Drury, S.}., published his crushing" Responsionis
Gulielmi \Vhitakeri," Paris, 1582, 8\'0., to which \Vhitaker rejoined with,
" Responsionis ad Decem Rationes, quibus, &c. Defensio contra Confuta-
tionem } oannis Duræi, Scoti, presbyteri, J esuitæ." 1583. 4to.
Humphrey then published" } esuitismi pars secunda. Puritano-Papismi;
seu doctrinæ } esuiticæ aliquot rationibus ab Edm. Campiano comprehensæ,
et a } oanne Duræo defensæ, confutatio, et ex iisdem fundamentis reformatæ
religionis assertio." Lond. 1584. 4to.
Here this particular controversy seems to have ended for the time, so far

s England is concerned. Nearly a quarter of a century after, however, it

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

3 8 9

revived for a moment: "Answer to Campion, the Jesuit. Reply to the
defence of him by John Duræus the Scot." By R. Stocke, Lond. 1606.
However, out of this controversy the discussions of Campion in the
Tower took their rise; and reports of these were immediately dispersed by
the Catholics, " partly in print, but in written pamphlets much more." It is
questionable if anything has been preserved of the printed reports. A MS.
report of the first day's conference was in the library of the English College,
Rome, and extracts of it are given by Bombinus; also among the Harleian
l\1SS. (Brit. Mus., No. 422) are reports of the other three days' conferences
(one in duplicate), in the handwriting of Vallenger, found by Topcliffe, the
priest-catcher, in the house of William Carter the printer (hanged in 1584),
and given to Fox the l\1artyrologist, among whose papers they are now to be
found. Alban Butler, in a MS. account of the writers of the English
College of Douay, now at Brussels (Royal Lib., ;\IS. No. 15,594), enumerates
among Ralph Sherwin's writings one of these reports: Collatio inter hære-
ticos et Campianum in Turri Londinensi habita. Disputationes in castro
\Visbecensi inter Fulkum ministrum et Catholicos.
It was not till Jan. I, 1583-4, that the Protestant disputants puhHshed
their report of these conferences, a single vol. in parts, with separate titles :-
(I.) "A true Report of the Disputation, or rather private Conference, had
in the Tower of London with Ed. Campion, Jesuit. the last of August, 158 I.
Set down by the reverend learned men themselves that dealt therein" (N owell
and Day), Lond. Jan. I, 1583, 4to.
(2.) "The three last days' Conferences had in the Tower with Edmund
Campion, Jesuit, the 18, 23, and 27 of September, 1581. Collected and faith-
fully set down by M. John Feilde, student in divinity. Now perused by the
learned men themselves, and thought meet to be published. Jan. T, 1;83."
This second part seems to have been struck off by itsel[ In the Faculty
of Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, vol. ii. 1776, p. 172, is the following
.entry :-Feilde Uohn), True Report of the whole substance of the Conference
had in the Tower of London between \Vm. Charke, \Vm. Fulke, Roger
Goade, Dr. \Valker, and Edward (sic) Campion the Jesuit, on the 18, 23
and 27 of Sept. 1581. Land. 1583. 4to.
17. Edmundi Campiani Orationes EpistoIæ, &c. Ingolstadii,
1602, 8vo. Edited by Robert Turner.
"Edmundi Campiani Opuscula omnia, nunc primum e :MS. edita," Paris,
1618, 16mo., pp. 476, with Life, 100 pp., trans. from the Italian by R.
'Turner; Pisa, 1618; Mantuæ, 16::0, sm. 8vo, with Life, autore Paulo
Bombino ex eadem Soc.; reprint of Paris edition, l\1ussiponti, 1622, 16mo.,
pp. 476; l\1ediolani, 1625, 16mo. ; Edm. Campi ani Decem Rationes, et alia
opuscula ejus selecta, auctiori editione, Antwerp, 1631, 12mo., pp. 460. The
last is the more ample and correct edition, by P. Silvester, Petra-Sancta. It
,contains-Decem Rationes (1581); Narratio Divortii (1569?); Oratio in
fun ere Mariæ Cardonæ; Oratio de laudibus Scripturæ S.; Oratio habita
-oxonii coram Regina Eliz.; Epistolæ Henrico Vaux, Oxon., July 28, 1570;
Richardo Stanihurst, Oxford, Dec. I, 1570; Jacobo Stanihurst, Turvey,
March 20, 1571 ; Richardo Stanihurst, same date; Richardo Cheney, Ep.
.Gloucest., Nov. I, 1571; Novitiis S.J., Brunæ, Feb. 20, 1577; Gregorio
I\1artinQ, July 10, 1577; eidem, July 17, 1579; cuidam Patri S.J., April 30,

390

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

1580; P. Everardo Mercuriano S.J., propos gen., Nü\T. 1581; Tractatus de-
Imitatione Rhetorica, 1574. Another edition, Viennæ Austriæ, 1676, 12mo.
18. J\:1r. Campion, the seditious Jesuit, is welcome to London.
Printed by Rich. Jones, 1581. A similar squib appeared entitled" Randall
Hurlstone: News from Rome concerning the blasphemous sacrifice of
Papistical Masse; with divers other treatises, very godly and profitable,"
Canterbury, imprinted by John Mychell for E. Churton (l:e. Campion) the
Jesuit, n.d. 16mo.
19. A breefe Discourse of the taking Edmund Campion and
divers other Papists in Barkshire: gathered by A. M. (Anthony
Munday). Lond. 1581. 8vo.
This pamphlet called forth a contradiction from George Eliot, the
betrayer: "A very true Report of the apprehension and taking of that arch-
papist Edmund Campion, the Pope his right hand, with three other lewd
Jesuit-priests, and divers other lay people, most seditious persons of like sort.
Containing also a controulment of a most untrue former book set out by
A(nthony) M(unday) concerning the same, as is to be proved and justified
by Geo. Ellyot, one of the ordinary yeomen of her Majesty's chamber.
author of this book, and chiefest cause of the finding of the said lewd and
seditious people." 1581. 8vo., 15 leaves.
20. An Advertisement and Defence for Truth against her
Backbiters, and specially against the whispering Favourers
and Colourers of Campion's, and the rest of his Confederats
Treasons. 1581. 4to., one sheet of four leaves, the last page blank. This
appears to have been read by Hearne, the schoolmaster, at the execution.
21. A Discovery of Edmund Campion and his Confederates,
their most horrible and traitorous practices against her Majesty's
most royal person and the realm. Whereunto is added the
Execution of Edmund Campion, Ralph Sherwin, and Alexander
Briant, executed at Tyburn, Dec. 1. Published by A(nthony)
M(unday), sometime the Pope's scholar. Lond. 1582, pp. 55. Re-
printed in Holinshed's Chronicles, ad an. 1851.
This called forth a little book, edited probably by Pound, for printing
which Vallenger was condemned in the Star Chamber to lose his ears in
the pillory: "A True Report of the Death and Martyrdom of M. Campion,
J esuite and Priest, and M. Sherwin and M. Bryan, Priests, at Tiborne,
Dee. I, 1581. Observed and written by a Catholic Priest which was present
thereat. \Vhereunto is annexed certain verses made by sundry persons."
16mo., 26 leaves. The poets were probably Henry Walpole, Pound, and
Vallenger himself.
22. L'Histoire de la Mort que Ie R. P. Edmonde Campion,
Prestre de la Compagnie du nom de Jesus et autres ont souffert
en Angleterre pour Ia foy Catholique et Romaine, Ie premier
jour de Dec. 1681. Traduit d'Anglois et Francois. A Paris, 1582.
sm. 8vo., pp. 30.
Munday answered this and Pound's book together: "A brief Answer
made unto two seditious pamphlets; the one printed in French, and the
other in English; containing a defence of Edmund Campion and his com-
plices, their most horrible and unnatural treasons against her Majesty and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

39 1

the realm." By A(nthony) M(unday). Lond. 1582. sm. 8vo. It cOl1tains
some verses on Campion's death, written apparently by "rhyming Elderton,"
as the Catholics called him.
23. A particular Declaration or Testimony of the undutiful
and traitorous affection borne against her Majesty by E. Cam-
pion, Jesuit, and other condemned Priests, witnessed by their
own Confessions; in reproof of those slanderous books and
libels delivered out to the contrary by such as are maliciously
affected towards her Majesty and the State. Pub. by authority, 4 to .,
14 leaves. This was issued by the Council. It contains the extracts out of
Sanders, Allen, and Bristow that were submitted to Campion and his feHows,
and their answers. The paper is printed in Morgan's "Phænix Britan-
nicus," 481 ; "State Trials," vol. i. pp. 1073, &c.
Then came the executions of the rest of those who were condemned with
Campion, and a number of works were written thereon.
24. Historia della Morte del R. P. Edm. Campiano della
Compo di Gesu ed altri due che han patito in Inghilterra per la
fede Cattolica Romana il primo di Dicembre, 1581; tradotto
d'Inglese in Franchese, e di Franchese in Italiano. Milano, 1532.
8vo., 14 leaves.
25. Martirio del Reverendo P. Edm. Campiano della Compo di
Gesu, patito in Inghilterra per la fede Cattolica di Roma, 1 Dec.
1581. Torino, 1582, 4to.; another edit., Venezia, 1582.
26. Martyrium Edmundi Campiani qui cum duobus aliis
presbyteris in Anglia propter constantem Romanæ et Catholicæ
fidei Confessionem mortis supplicio affectus est, e Gallico ill
Latinum versum per Gul. Estium. Lovanii, 1582. 8vo.
27. Vita et Martyrium Edm. Campiani sui quondam præcep-
toris, by Robert Turner, prefixed to an edit. of the "Decem Rationes."
Ingoldst. 1584. 12mo.
28. Historia de Morte Rev. P. Edm. Campiani Sac. de Soc.
Jesu, et aliorum qui in Anglia propter fidem Catholicam Apos-
tolicam at que Romanam crudelissimam passi sunt mortem.
Traducta ex sermone Gallico in Latinum, interprete Jacobo
Laingæo Scoto, Doctore Sorbonico (appended to tbe same author's
treatise, " De Vita et Mortibus Theodori Bezæ"). Paris, 1585, pp. 30.
This was probably a translation of the Paris (1582) account; which in
that case would be a report by an eyewitness. This would give three inde-
pendent sources among the histories already enumerated-Pound's True
Report, the Paris (1582), and Allen's compilation from the letters he received
out of England, published in the " Concertatio Eccles. CathoV
29. Edmundi Campiani, eines Jesuites Leben und Leiden,
welcher zu London in seinem Vater land, anno 1581, den 17 Julii,
gefänglich angenommen, nachmals den 1 Dec. gemartert worden.
Dilingen, 1588. 12mo.
From this time forth a long account of Campion occurs in all works that
profess to give a narrative either of English Catholic affairs, or of the
illustrious members of the Society of Jesus.
30. Edmund Campion. A Biography. By Richard Simpson.

39 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Lond. 1867. 8vo., pp. 387, A model biography; perhaps the most able
monograph of Catholic history. Unfortunately it has no index.
31. A fragment of a life of Campion by Fr. Persons is preserved in MS.
at Stonyhurst, ending about Nov. 1580, and written in 1594, very full and
satisfactory as far as it goes. A series of notes by the same hand, arranged
as heads or analyses of the chapters of a whole life, are also at Stonyhurst.
They are the Commentaria lent to Bombinus, which he follows implicitly,
even when Persons' memory failed him, and is therefore taxed with careless-
ness by Bartoli.
3 2 . Portrait, P. Edmundus Campianus, qui primus e Soc. Jesu,
Londini, pro Fide Cath. Martyrium consummavit 1 Dec. 1581.
Sm. head, in a sheet of 24 heads, entitled "Effigies et Nomina quorundam
e Societate Jesu, qui pro Fide vel Pietate sunt intersecti, ab anno 1549 ad
annum 1607." Roma.

Canes, Vincent (John Baptist), O.S.F., born on the
borders of Nottingham and Leicestershire, was brought up
a Protestant. At the age of eighteen he was sent to the
University of Cambridge, where he remained two years.
Becoming a Catholic at the end of that period, he went over
to Douay, entered the English Franciscan Convent} and in
due time was admitted Lector of Philosophy and Professor of
Divinity. He afterwards returned to England, and resided
sometimes in Lancashire, but for the most part in London,
where he died at Somerset House, June, 1672, and was buried
in the chapel attached to that palace.
He was an able controversialist, and united to zeal the most
delicate forbearance and charity. His works were greatly
admired for the elegance displayed in their style. In conver-
sation his language was choice and remarkable for its easy flow.
The plainness of his dress was also noticeable.
Dodd, Cit. His!.; TVood, Athcll. o.XOIl.
. Olz"'iJCr, Collections;
Cooper, Bz'og. Diet.
I. The Reclaimed Papist: or a Dialogue between a Popish
Knight, a Protestant Lady, a Parson and his Wife. 1655. Sm. 8vo.,
pp. 221, ded. to John Compton, Esq., to whom it seems he was chaplain;
written with vigour and humour, and it elicited, "The Triumph of Rome over
despised Protestancy: being an answer to the Reclaimed Papist," Lond.
1655. 4to.
2. Fiat Lux: or, A General Conduct to a right understanding
and charity in the great Combustions and Broils about Religion
here in England, betwixt Papist and Protestant, Presbyterian and
Independent. To the end that Moderation and Quietness may at
lengthhapilyensue after so various Tumults in the Kingdom. 1661,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

393

8vo.; 1662, 12mo., second edition, reviewed and enlarged by the Authour,
fr,
J. V. c., a friend to men of All Religions, pp. 396, ded. to Elizabeth, Countess of
Arundel and Surrey, the mother of Cardinal Howard; 1665, sm. 8vo. This work
is admirably calculated to inspire sentiments of moderation and peace, by
enlightening the mind and dispersing the mists of prejudice. It elicited a
reply from Dr. John Owen, a celebrated Nonconformist divine, "Animad-
versions on a treatise intituled, 'Fiat Lux.'" Lond. 1662. 8vo.
3. Infallibility. 1662, 12mo., title 1 p., preface 1 p., pp. 27. This is
an appendix to "Fiat Lux." In the preface he states that he left out of that
work four of his longest" paragraphs," lest the book should be too bulky,
and these were-" Infallibility, Manhu, Confession, and InGulgence." The
first of these his friends moved him to publish.
4. An Epistle to the Author of Animadversions on Fiat Lux.
1663. I2mo. To which Dr. Owen rejoined with "Vindication of the
Animadversions on Fiat Lux." Lond. 1664. 8vo.
At a later period Samuel Mather, a Lancashire Puritan divine, who
accompanied Henry Cromwell to Dublin, also attempted an answer, entitled
" A Defence of the Protestant Religion: in answer to Fiat Lux," Dublin,
1671.4to. Dan. Whitby, D.D., also wrote an answer, Oxon., 166().
5. Diaphanta: or, Three Attendants on Fiat Lux. Wherein
Catholik Religion is further excused against the opposition of
severall Adversaries. I. Epistola ad Odoenum, against Dr.
Owen. II. Epistola ad Croesunt, against Mr. Whitby. III.
Epistola ad Amphibolum, against Dr. Taylor. And by the way
an Answer is given to Mr. Moulin, Denton, and Stillingfleet.
1665. 121110.
6. Three Letters declaring the strallge, odd Proceedings of
Protestant Divines when they write against Catholics, by the
Example of Dr. Taylor's Dissuasive against Popery, Mr.
Whitbie's Reply in behalf of Dr. Pierce against Mr. Cressy, and
Dr. Owen's Animadversions on Fiat Lux. 1671. 8vo., pp. 411,
Jeremy Taylor was the Bishop of Down and Connor.
7. T'i' Ka.eO^LK
Stillingfteeto; being an account giv
n to a
Catholick friend of Dr. Stillingfieet'slate book against the Church
of Rome. Bruges, 1672. I2mo.
According to the Franciscan Register, Fr. Canes was selected by the
Catholic body to defend their cause against Dr. Stillingfleet, their most
virulent antagonist, and he succeeded to the general satisfaction.

Canning, Francis, Esq., of Foxcote, co. \Varwick, was
the representative of the ancient Catholic family deriving
.descent from Thomas Canynges, Lord l\Iayor of London in
1456, who acquired Foxcote in marriage with the heiress of
the Salmon family. From George Canning, eighth son of
Richard Canning, of Foxcote, who settled in Ireland in the
seventeenth century, descended Viscount Canning, and Stratford
Canning, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe.

394

DIDLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

Francis Canning was the eldest son and heir of Francis
Canning, by Catherine, daughter of Thomas Giffard, of Chil-
lington, Esq., and was born in 1772. After his return from
Douay College, he married Jane, daughter of Ferdinand
Huddleston, of Saws ton, co. Cambridge, Esq., but left no issue
at his death in 183 I. He was appointed Lieut.-Colonel of the
3rd Warwick Militia in 1808, and spent most of his latter
years in travelling on the Continent.
His brother, Robert Canning, born in 1773, then succeeded
to the estates, and served the office of High Sheriff of Glou-
cester in 1832, but died Aug. 13, 1843, without surviving
issue, the property ultimately passing to the two daughters of
his you nger brother John.
John Canning was born in 1775, and was educated at Douay
College, from whence he managed to escape, Jan. 16, 1794,
after its seizure during the French Revolution, and succeeded
in returning to England in safety. He married, in 1807, Mary
Anne, daughter of Sir John Merydyth, Bart., and died in the
East Indies in 1824, leaving surviving issue, two daughters,
Eliza l\linto, born in 18 10, and Julia Matilda, born in 181 I, the
latter of whom married, in 1841, James Slane Fleming, Esq.
The elder of the co-heiresses married, in 1843, Philip Henry
Howard, of Corby Castle, co. Cumberland, Esq., whose son, Philip
John Canning Howard, Esq., is the present possessor of Foxcote.
111emorials of tlte CmZYllgcs; Dr. Gillow, Memoranda relatií.:e
to tlte breaking uþ of DOllay College.
I. Diaries of Francis Canning while abroad, 1820-30. MSS., 9 vols.
2. Memorials of the Canynges' Family and their Times: Their
claim to be regarded as the Founders and Restorers of Westbury
College and Redcliffe Church, Critically Examined: To which
is added, Inedited Memoranda relating to Chatterton; with
coloured illustrations. By George Pryce. Bristol, 1854, large 8vo.,
pp. x. 336. ded. to the Rt. Hon. Stratford Canning, Lord Viscount Stratford
de Redcliffe; an elaborately got-up work.
Canning, Thomas, barrister, was the eldest son of
Thomas Canning, Esq., younger son of Francis Canning, of
Foxcote, by his wife Mary, daughter and ultimately heiress of
John Petre, of Fidlers, co. Essex, who was fourth in descent
from John, younger son of William, second Lord Petre, by
Catherine, daughter of Edward, Earl of Worcester. His
mother was Mary, daughter of Michael Blount, of l\laple-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

395

durham, and be was born about 1784. Mr. Canning was a
rising man, and would have left his mark had he not been
prematurely cut off in 1824. He was not married.
His only brother, Edward Joseph Canning, Esq., the last male
representative of his family, was born in Hertford Street, l\iay.
fair, July 24, 1788. He joined the 33rd Foot, and was so
severely wounded in the unsuccessful attack upon Bergen-op..
Zoom, March 8, 1814, that he was incapacitated for further
active service. He married Louisa, daughter of \Villiam
Spencer, second son of Lord Charles Spencer, but left no issue.
After his cousin Robert's death he succeeded to Foxcote, where
he died Jan. I3, 1857, when the estates were divided betwcen
the co-heiresses of John Canning.
The Tablet, Jan. 1857 ; .l1Iemorials of the Ca1lYllges.
I. The first part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (with
an Index to Hargrave and Butler's Notes by Thomas Canning),
by Sir T. Littleton. Lond. 1817, 8vo.; republished 1823, 8vo.
:2. An Essay on the learning of Contingent Remainders and
Executory Devises. By C. Fearne, with an Index by Thomas
Canning. Lond. 1820, 7th edit., 8vo.
3. Observations occasioned by a Case lately su.bmitted to
Counsel, respecting the Question, How far a Contingent or
Reversionary Interest of Husband and Wife in her right, in per-
sonal estate, is assignable, in deed or in law, during the coverture.
By Thomas Canning, of Lincoln's Inn, Esq. Lond. 1820, 8vo.;
PP.3 2 .
4. The Sections of Littleton's Tenures, subdivided, and sys-
tematically distinguished into Principles and Conclusions, &c.
Book the First. By Thomas Canning, Esq. Lond. 1821, 8vo., ded.
to Francis \Villiams Sanders, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, Barristcr-at-Law.
pp. lxxii., 64.

Canning, William, a gentleman no doubt connected with
the family of this name seated at Foxcote, in Warwickshire,
but whose exact identity is not shown in the pedigree, was an
active adherent of the dethroned King James II.
In 1690 the Government detected a conspiracy to restore
J ames to his throne, in which were concerned the Earl of
Clarendon, the Bishop of Ely, Lord Preston, William Penn, the
celebrated Quaker, and others of opposite principles in religion,
showing thereby the belief that was largely entertained of
J ames's sincerity in his declamation in favour of liberty of
conscience.

.39 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Other attempts in the same direction were repeated in
subsequent years, and throughout the country there was con-
siderable dissatisfaction with the Dutch invader.
William Canning endeavoured to further this feeling and the
interests of his party by distributing great numbers of King
J ames's Declarations, and other tracts of a similar nature.
These he printed at a secret press which be set up in
London. He was several times in custody on account of this,
and at length the Government discovered and seized his press.
He was apprehended with Francis Dormer, with whom he was
tried at the Old Bailey, July 15, 1693, and they were
sentenced to fines of 500 marks each; to stand for three days
consecutively in the pillories without Temple Bar, at the IVlay-
pole in the Strand, and at Charing Cross; and to be kept in
custody until payment of their fines, and sureties for their good
behaviour for twelve months were forthcoming.
Mr. Canning's subsequent career bas not been followed.
T1yal of TV. Canning and F. Dormer.
I. The Tryal of William Canning and Francis Dormer, at the
Old Bailey, July 15, 1693, for Dispersing and Publishing great
Numbers of Libels and Seditious Papers called King James's
Declarations. Lond. (1693), fol.
Cannon, Edmund, priest, confessor of the faith, a native
of the diocese of London, was educated at Douay College, and
matriculated at the University of Douay in I 592. After his
ordination he served the mission in England for many years,
but in his old age was apprehended, tried, and sentenced to
death for being a priest in this country contrary to statute. He
died, however, in N ewgate some time between 1640 and 165 I.
Lingard, His!. of Eng., Lond. 1849, vol. viii. p. 645 ; DOlta)1
Diaries.

Cansfield, Benedict, O.S.F. vide William Fitch.
Cansfield, Brian, Father S.J., who was known by the
{llias of Christopher Benson, or Barton, was a son of Thomas
Cansfield, Esq., of Robert Hall, in the parish of Tatham,
Lancashire, and was born in 158 1-2.
After studying in various schools at Lancaster, Tunstall,
Blackburn, Urswick, Warton, and Thornton, he was sent to
St. Omer's College at the age of sixteen.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

397

In 160 I he entered the English College at Rome, for his
higher course, and there he became a Jesuit three years later.
After his ordination he was sent to the English mission in
Lincolnshire, which he served for several years, and of which
district he was Superior in 1633. He was then sent to
Lancashire, where he remained for some years.
He was at length seized at the altar while he was saying
IVlass, treated with great brutality by the pursuivants of the
rebel Parliament. and dragged before a certain judge upon the
Yorkshire circuit, who was greatly exasperated against the
Jesuits through his wife having been reconciled to the Church
by one of the Fathers. Fr. Cansfield was thrown into one of
the dungeons of York Castle and treated with great cruelty
and barbarity, but the judge discovering that he was not the
Father of whom he was in search, permitted his liberation.
His discharge, however, was of little avail, for he died soon
after from the effects of his ill. treatment, Aug. 3, 1643,
aged 61.
Foley, Rccords SJ., vols. iii. and vii.
Cansfield, Sir John, Kut., of Cansfield and Robert
Hall, co. Lancaster, was the head of an ancient Catholic
family, now represented by Lord Gerard of Bryn. The
Cansfields appear in the Recusant Rolls from the very first, until
the family became extinct, and the immense sums they paid in
penalties for the recusancy of both their sons and daughters is
something astonishing.
Sir John married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Ashton, of
Croston Hall, Esq., a family now represented by the De
Traffords, and he had several children, one of whom, Charles,
was ordained priest at the English College, Rome, in 1643, and
assumed his mother's name of Ashton.
He was an active supporter of the Royal cause, and at the
battle of Newbury received some desperate wounds, of which
he subsequently died. He was at Rome in a bad state of
health towards the close of 1646, and seems to have remained
for about a year, frequently dining at the English College.
He was a gallant soldier and a thorough gentleman, and
cheerfuJIy suffered for his religion and loyalty.
CastlemaÙz, Calk. Aþ(Jlogy / Foley, Records SJ., Roman
Diary
. Gillow, Lanc. Recltsalzls, 1I-f S.,. Dodd, CIt. Hisl.

98

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Carey, John or Terence, martyr, a native of Dublin, a
servant in the family of Sir John Arundel, of Llanherne, in
Cornwall, was apprehended at the same time with Fr.
Cornelius, and committed to prison for aiding and assisting
him. This holy Father, Carey, Salmon, a fellow-servant, and
l\Ir. Bosgrave, a Cornish gentleman, were all arrested together,
and were condemned at the Canterbury summer assizes. Two
days later they were dragged to their ma
tyrdom, July 4,
1594.
John Carey, a man of great courage, was the first ordered
up the ladder. He kissed the rope, before it was put about
his neck, saying, 0 þrecious collar! and then making a pro-
fession of his faith, for which he declared he died, was so
turned off.

C/wlloller, Memoz"rs.

Carnarvon, Charles Dornler, Earl of, was son of Sir
\Villiél.m Dormer, Knt., by Alice, sister to Sir Richard IVlolyneux,
of Sephton, Bart.
Sir William, dying in the lifetime of his father, the first
Baron Dormer of \Venge, left two children; Charles, given in
ward to Philip, fourth Earl of Pembroke, by whom he was
taken from his Catholic mother, and eventually married to
Lord Pembroke's daughter, Anna Sophia; and Elizabeth, who
became the wife of Edward Somerset, :l\Iarquess of \Vorcester.
The barony of Dormer was created June 30, 1615, being
conferred on Robert Dormer, Knight and Baronet, who
married Elizabeth, daughter of Antho
lY Brown, first Viscount
l\1:ontagu, and had three sons, the above Sir \Villiam, Anthony,
and Robert.
Charles Dormer succeeded his grandfather as second Lord
Dormer, and, in 1628, was created, by Charles I., Viscount Ascot

nd Earl of Carnarvon.
He was remarkable for his loyalty, and was one of the
first who took up arms in defence of the Royal cause, greatly
distinguishing himself in every. action in which he was
engaged, particularly in the memorable battle of Roundway
in Devon.
After he had defeated a part. of the enemy's horse at New-
bury, he feU by the hand of a trooper, Sept. 20, 1643.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

399

Calling his brother-in-law, the Marquess of \V orcester, to his
side, he desired him to tell the king that he could do no more
than die in his cause, and if he would grant him one request,
he would think his Majesty had sufficiently recompensed him
for his life. His petition was that his mother might have the
bringing up of his son Charles, that he might be educated in the
-Catholic religion.
After this he received all the rites of the Church, and died
in the arms of a priest, for in the army the Earl never marched
without one. .
But his son fell into the hands of the Parliamentarians,
who, heedless of the dying Earl's request, brought him up a
Protestan t.
\Vith the second Earl, the titles of Carnarvon and Ascot
expired in 1709, but the barony ùf Dormer passed to Rowland
Dormer, grandson of Anthony, second son of the first
baron. At his death in 17 I 2, without issue, the barony
devolved on Charles Dormer, grandson of Robert, third son
of the first Lord Dormer, in whose descendants it has since
remained.

CastlemaÙz, Reply to the Answer of the Cath. Apology, p. 25 I. ;
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,. Peerage.

Carpenter, Richard., theological mountebank, educated
at Eton, was from thence, in 1622, elected to a scholar-
ship at King's College, Cambridge. He remained in the
University about three years, when he became a convert to
the Church, and went abroad to study in Flanders, France,
Spain, and Italy, and it is said was ordained priest at Rome,
and was soon afterwards professed in one of the Benedictine
Monasteries in Italy. He returned to the mission in England,
but after about a year reverted to the Established Church, and,
through the instrumentality of the Archbishop of Canterbury,
""vas immediately inducted to the vicarage of Poling, near
Arundel Castle, in Sussex. Here Fr. Christopher Davenport,
O.S.F., who then resided in this locality under the alias of Hunt,
exposed him to the scorn of his parishioners, so that when
the Civil 'VVar broke out Carpenter forsook Poling, and adopted
the more plausible occupation of an itinerant preacher, at that
time much encouraged. His chief aim was appare.ntly to add

4 00

BIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

fuel to the fire which was then kindling, and to widen the
breach between the King and Parliament. Not, however,
meeting with the pecuniary success he anticipated, he withdrew
to Paris, confessed his errors, and to all appearance was
thoroughly reconciled to the Church. But his unsettled dispo-
sition led him again to England, and joining the Independents
this time, he played his pulpit pranks according to the humour
of the times, and became a mere mountebank in religion. Sub-
sequently he took a wife, and resided chiefly at Aylesbury, where
he had some relations.
Here he indulged in ranting and raillery until the Restora.
tion. pitied by the wise and considerate, while those who were
merrily disposed were diverted by his spiritual antics and
buffoonery.
He was still living at Aylesbury in 1670, but towards the
close of his days this jocose minister of the Gospel began to
grow more serious, until at length, returning once more to the
Catholic Church, he died in professed penitence, and succeeded
in inducing his pretended wife to follow his example.
He lacked neither wit nor learning, but was deficient in
stability, and easily fell under the influence of those iniquitous
times.

Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Cooper, Athellæ Cmltab.
' rVood, Athcnæ
OXOll.
I. Experience, Historie, and Divinitie; divided into five
books. Lond. 1642, 8vo., ded. to the Parliament.
It was reprinted under the title of "The Downfal of Antichrist," with
some alterations, Lond. 16-1-8. It contains some curious anecdotes about
himself and Catholics, and has a frontispiece prefixed by Marshall.
2. The Perfect Law of God, being a Sermon, and no Sermon,
preach'd and yet not preach'd, in a Church, but not in a Church,.
to a people that are not a people. Lond. (May 4), 1652. 12mo. Pub.
while he was an Independent.
3. The Anabaptist washt and washt, and shrunk in the wash.
ing; or, a Scholastic all Discussion of the much agitated Con-
troversie concerning Infant Baptisme, occasioned by a publike
disputation before a great assembly of ministers, in the Church
of Newport-Pagnell betwixt Mr. Gibs and the author, Richard
Carpenter.
herein also the author occasionally declares his
judge:n:!.ent concerning the Papists; and afterwards concerning

piscopacy. (A needfull advertisement to the reader. Authoris.
ad classes quasdam lunatic as, vel certe chimæricas & Uto-
pianas, epistola scripta anno 1648.) Lond. (May 23, 1653). 8vo.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

401

4. ANew Play, called the Pragmatical Jesuit New-Ievened. A
Comedy. Lond. (1665?) 4to., pub. after the Restoration with his portrait
in a lay habit by Faithorne. In five acts and in prose.
5. Astrology proved harmless, useful, pious; a Sermon on
Gen. i. 14. Lond. 1657, 4to., ded. to Elias Ashmole, with the author's
portrait by Faithorne, sc.
6. Rome in her Fruits; being a Sermon on Matt. vii. 16,
preached Nov. 5, 1662, near the Standard in Cheap side ; in
answer to a pamphlet entitled "Reasons why the Roman
Catholics should not be persecuted." Lond. 1663, 4to., with portrait
by Faithorne.
7. Portrait, Richardus Carpenterus sacerdos porcello cuidam,
Gerasenorum silicet, in omnia præcipiti, fluctibusque devoto,
eidem porce, loquace pariter et minaci, mendacique indicit
silentium, atque obmutesce. Faithorne, sc., sm. 4to., before his
" Astrology proved harmless," 1657.
8. Portrait, æt. 33, \V. Marshall, sc., 1641; in the upper part of the
print he is represented kneeling before the Pope, and just below is the in-
scription "Mitto te in Angliam, ad pasendos Catholicos, et hæreticos
reducendos," being the frontispiece to his" Experience, Historie and Divinity,"
1642, 8vo.; again 1648.
9. Portrait, T. Cross, sc., sm. 4to., before his" Pragmatical Jesuit."

Carpue, Frances, the widow of a Catholic gentleman,
whose family subsequently became benefactors of Ushaw
College, lamenting to see so many young girls running about
the streets without education or religious instruction, thought
of opening a house for them at Hammersmith, in 1760, where,
as in the ark, they might be saved from the deluge of vice.
Here she took great pains to instruct them, and put the
establishment under the charge of 1\Irs. Bayley, a lady possessed
of a masculine mind, who conducted the school with great
satisfaction.
l\lrs. Carpue continued her praiseworthy undertaking for
many years, until, in 1775, discouraged by the misconduct of
some of her protégées, on whom she had bestowed the greatest
care, and by the opposition she met with from others in
her charitable task, she retired to a convent abroad in order to
attend to her own sanctification.
The venerable Bishop Challoner, who had been her principal
adviser and assistant in her pious undertaking, wrote to her
two letters in July of this year, dissuading her from withdrawing
her support to the establishment, and he succeeded in inducing
her to return.
VOL. 1. D D

402

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

From this time she continued her meritorious work until her
death, some years later.
Bar1lard, Life of Challoller.

Carr, Anne, O.S.B., in religion Dame Mary Agnes, was
the eldest daughter of John Carr, of Preston, and his wife,
Hannah Clayton.
At an early age she was sent by her parents to the Bene-
dictine Convent in Chapel Street, opposite to St. vVilfrid's

Preston.
Driven from their convent in Ghent, in 1794, by the events
following the French Revolution, the nuns sought refuge in
Lancashire, and in the following year settled at Preston, where
they opened a school for young ladies.
In the early part of 181 I, the community removed to
Caverswall Castle, near Stone, in Staffordshire, a venerable
building of quite monastic appearance, which they were for-
tunately enabled to purchase. There they were accompanied
by Sister lVlary Agnes, who died prematurely, Dec. 20, 1814.
Huse1lbeth, Notices of Colleges and C01lvcnts Abroad.
I. Private Devotions, by Dame Mary Agnes Carr, of Cavers-
wall Castle. MS.I2mo.
2. Meditations or ejaculatory Prayers before and after Com.
munion for each Mystery of the Rosary. MS. in possession of
Richard Marsh Carr, Esq.

Carr , James, priest, born ] une 4, 1795, was the eldest son
of Mr. John Carr, of Holme Slack, Preston, by Hannah,
daughter of Richard Clayton, and sister and co-heiress of ] ohn
Clayton, of Cadley, near Preston.
His father was a convert, having been left an orphan and
brought up a Protestant by Mr. Winckley, though there is reason
to believe that his ancestors were Catholic.
Mrs. Carr, however, was always a Catholic, tracing her
descent from families which have been remarkable for their
staunch adherence to the faith during the times of persecu.
tion. Her mother was the daughter of Alexander Parker, gent.,
of the Bradkirk Hall family, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of
Thomas \Vestby, of Bourn Hall and Mowbreck, whose wife,
Bridget, was daughter of Thomas Clifton, of Clifton and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

403

Lytham, names identified with the preservation of Catholicity
in the F y Ide.
She was a woman of strong faith and remarkable character,
and it was through her firmness that her children were brought
up in the Catholic religion, to which her husband was subse-
quently converted. Three of her children devoted themselves
to religion, her eldest son a priest, and two of her daughters
Benedictine nuns.
J ames Carr was sent to Stonyhurst College, where he was
admitted into the Society of Jesus about 1812, and in due course
was ordained priest.
In Aug. 1822, he succeeded Fr. Brice Bridge at Norwich,
and in 1826 was transferred to Worcester in place of Fr.
Richard Norris. In the summer of 1827 he quitted the
Society, but was readmitted in Dec. 1829, and, in March, 1832,
he was appointed chaplain to Lord Arundell at Wardour
Castle. Here he remained until the following June, when he
left \Vardour on account of some difference with his superiors,
and finally seceded from the Society.
After serving the mission in various places he was appointed,
in 1846, to that of Great Singleton, in the Fylde, Lancashire,
where he remained for some years, and ultimately died at
Runcorn, Feb. 14, 1858, aged 63.
His younger brother, Richard Carr, of Holme Slack and
Balderstone, Esq., was also educated at Stonyhurst, and was
twice married; first, to l\Iargaret, daughter and co-heiress of
Richard Gradweil, of Balderstone, eldest son and heir of John
Gradwell, of Clifton, by 1Vfargaret, daughter and heiress of John
Gregson, of Balderstone, from whom the Balderstone estate
descended; and secondly, to Anne, daughter and heiress of
vVilliam 1iarsh, of Hindley, co. Lancaster.
The Very Rev. James Canon Carr, V.G., President of
51. Edward's College, Liverpool, is a son of the first marriage.
Mr. Carr was an able man, and left a great number of
sermons in manuscript, displaying much research. His portrait
is preserved in the family.
Oliver, Collections ,. Gillmv, Lanc. Recltsflnts, MS.
I. A Letter addressed to the Editor of the Norwich Mercury ;
being a Reply to the Letter signed" A Protestant," in the same
Paper, of the 1st of November, 1823. By the Rev. J. A. Carr.
Norwich (1823). 8vo., pp. 16.

DD2

4 0 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

2. In March, 1824, Mr. Carr addressed two more letters to the Editor of
the iYorwiclz111ercury, in which he exposed the tricks of the Irish Baptist
Society. They do not appear to have been printed in pamphlet form.

Carr, Nicholas, M.D., descended from a good family, was
born at Newcastle, in or about I 523. At an early age he was
sent to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he studied under
Cuthbert Scott, subsequently Bishop of Chester. He after-
wards migrated to Pembroke Hall, where his tutor was
Nicholas Ridley, and proceeded B.A. 1540-1, being soon after.
wards elected Fel!ûw of that house, and commencing M.A. in
1544. On the foundation of Trinity College, in 1546, he was
nominated one of the original Fellows, and the following year
was appointed Regius Professor of Greek. His lectures on
Demosthenes, Plato, Sophocles, and other writers, gained him
a high reputation for scholarship.
In I 5 5 5 he subscribed to the Catholic Articles, and, indeed,
seems always to have been most constant in his attachment to
the ancient faith. He took the degree of IVLD. in I 558, and
began to practise as a physician, though for four years he
continued to read the Greek lecture, at the enà of which period
he appointed Blithe, of Trinity College, to lecture for him. He
was obliged to resort to the study of medicine in order to
maintain his wife and family, for his opposition to the Reform.
ation, for which he suffered imprisonment, stood in the way
of other emoluments. He occupied the house in which Bucer
died, and in this house he himself breathed his last, Nov. 3,
1568, in the 45th year of his age.
In spite of his known disapproval of the teachings of the
new religion, he seems to have been held in the highest respect.
He was buried at S1. Michael's Church, but the congregation,
consisting of the whole University, being very large, the funeral
sermon was preached at St. Mary's by Dr. Chaderton, after
which they returned to St. Michael's. Fuller says that
a monument was erected to his memory in the Church of
St. Giles, and gives the inscription, but this epitaph no longer
exists. There is a handsome mural n).onument, however, on
the north wall of St. Giles's Church, Cambridge, with long
inscriptions. In his will, proved Nov. 13, 1568, he desires to
be buried at St. l\1ichael's, and he mentions his wife Margaret,
and his children, Margaret, Katherine, and IVrary.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 0 5

Cooþer, Athcll. Cmztab.,' Bridgewater, Concert. Eccl. Cath. Ùl,
A llgl.
I. Epistola de morte Buceri ad Johannem Checum.
Lond. 1551, 4to. ; again 1681 ; reprinted in Bucer's "Scripta Anglicana,"
Basle, foI., 1577, p. 867; and in ee Hist. de Vita et obitu Buceri." Strasburg,
1562, 12mo.
2. Duæ epistolæ Latinæ doctori Chadertono. 1566. MS. Cai.
ColI. 197, Art. 52.
3. Eusebü Pamphili de vita Constantini. Louvaine, 1570, 8vo.;
Cologne, 1570, fo1.; ., Ex recensione Suffridi Petri," Cologne, 1581, fo1.;
"Ex recensione Binii." Cologne, 1612, fo1. The fourth book only is trans. by
Carr, the others are by Christopherson.
4. Demosthenis Græcorum oratorum principis, Olynthiacæ
orationes tres, et Philippicæ Quatuor, e Græce in Latinum
conversæ. Addita est etiam epistola de vita, et obitu ejusdem
Nicolai Carri, et Carmina, cum Græca, tum Latina in eundem
Scripta. Lond. 157 I. 4to.
The life of Carr in the above work is by Barthol. Dodyngton. At p. 68 is
a brief memoir of the translator by Thomas Preston. Carr's autograph l\IS.
of this translation is in the University library, Cambridge. Dd. 4, 56.
5. De scriptorum Britannicorum paucitate, et studiorum im.
pedimentis oratio. Lond. 1576, 12mo, edited by Tho. Hatcher.
6. Præfatio in Platonem de legibus. \Vhich he also trans. into
Latin.
7. Præfatio in convivium Platonis.
8. Præfationes in alios aliquot Platonis libros.
9. Præfationes in aliquot Demosthenis orationes.
10. Præfatio ad Aeschinem. .
II. Præfationes in Theocritum et Sophoclem.
12. Annotationes in Platonem et Demosthenem.
13. De febribus.
14. Orationes a se habitæ.
15. Epistolæ ad diversos.
16. Fragmentum in Timæum Platonis.
17. Aeschinis contra Ctesiphontem oratio. A Translation.
18. Liturgia S. Jacobi. Translation.
19. He also contributed to the collections of verses on the death of Bucer
and the deaths of the Dukes of Suffolk.
20. He translated the fourth book of the" Historia Ecc1esiastica pars prima
qua continentur Eusebii," by J. Christopherson, Bishop of Chichester.

Carr, Thomas, divine; vide l\liles Pinkney.

Carrier, Benjamin, D.D., born in 1566, was the
son of Anthony Carrier, a learned and devout man, who,
though a Protestant and a preacher, as Dr. Carrier himself
states, so seasoned him in the principles of piety and devotion

4 06

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

that he could but choose to be ever very zealous in matters of
religion. He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cam.
bridge, where he proceeded M.A., and was admitted a Fellow.
Having taken his degree of D.D., he was made chaplain and
preacher to James I., and also one of the first Fellows of Chelsea
College, founded by Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe.
His inclinations regarding religion were pacific, and Dodd
gathers from his letters that it was his opinion that the king
designed to attempt a kind of coalition between the two
Churches, which Dr. Carrier perceived to be impracticable, and
resolved to meet the difficulty by joining the Catholic Church.
To effect this quietly, he obtained the king's permission to visit
Spa, in Germany, on account of his health, where he was
reconciled to the Church. Something coming to the king's
ears, made him suspect his favourite's defection, and James
ordered Mr. Isaac Casaubon, and others, to write to him with
a peremptory injunction to return to England. Dr. Carrier at
first gave no positive answer, either as to his return or the
suspicions concerning his change of faith. When the secret
could be no longer kept, the resentment of the king knew no
bounds, for there was hardly a clergyman in England for
whose virtue and learning his l\1ajesty had a greater regard.
It was believed that Dr. Carrier had been made the confidant
of James's private sentiments as to religion, and there were
grounds to think that the king himself had once no aversion
to the Catholic Church, had not fear and ambition influenced
his course.
Dr. Carrier was congratulated upon his conversion in letters
from Rome, Paris, and other places, and he was especially invited
by Cardinal du Perron to Paris, who desired his assistance in a
work he was publishing against King James. He accepted the
invitation, but died shortly after his arrival, in June, 16 I 4.
Dodd, Cn. His!.,. Catn. 1I1isccllallY, vol. V., 1826.
I. Some Sermons published while he was a Protestant.
2. A Treatise written by Mr. Doctour Carier, wherein layeth
downe sundry considerations, by which he was moved to forsake
the Protestant congregation and to betake hymself to the Catho.
licke Apostolicke Roman Church; addressed to the King. 4to.
s.l. aut anno. Dated Liége, Dec. 12, 1613.
King James was greatly irritated at this Missive, and at the Doctor's
change of religion, and had he been; within his power he would doubtless
have been put upon trial.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 0 7

George Hackwell replied to this with-" An Answer to Dr. Carrier his
Reasons, moving him to embrace the Church of Rome." Lond. 1616. 4tO.
N. Strange published another edition, entitled" A Missive to His .Majesty
of Great Britain, King James. \Vritten divers years since by Doctor Carier,
containing the motives of his conversion to Catholike religion. Reprinted
with some marginall notes and a previous discourse to the like purpose.: 1
Paris, 1649, 12mo. It was again revived in the reign of James IL, under
this title, "A Missive to His Majesty of Great Britain, King James. \Vith a
notable foresight of the present distempers both in the Church and State."
Lond. 1687. Izmo.
3. A Letter of the miserable Ends of such as impugn the
Catholick Faith. 1615.4to.
Published abroad a year after his death.

Carroll, Anthony, Father S.J., a native of Ireland, was
born Sept. 16, 1722, and entered the Society at \Vatten in
I 744. He was ordained priest at Liége in 1754, and soon
afterwards was sent on the English mission, and served
Lincoln for some time.
After the suppression of the Society in 1773, he accom-
panied his cousin, Fr. John Carroll, subsequently first Arch-
bishop of Baltimore, to Maryland, arriving there in the
following year. He returned to England in 1775, and served
the missions of Liverpool, Shepton Mallet, Exeter, \V orcester,
&c., and eventually died in St. Bartholomew's Hospital frorr..
injuries received in a murderous attack upon him for the
purpose of robbery, in Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, Sept. 5,
1794, aged 7 2 .
Oliver, Collectmzea Sf. a1ld Collections; Foley, Collectalzea Sf.
I. Practical Divinity, being a regular series of Sermons trans-
lated from the French of L. Bourdaloue. Lond. 1776, 4 vols. 8vo. ;
Lond. 1855, 8vo.

Carron, Gui Toussaint Julien, priest and philanthropist,
was born at Rennes, in France, Feb. 23, 1760, and was a
younger son of Bonaventure James lVlarie-Ann Malo Carron,
an advocate of the Parliament of Britanny.
He was ordained priest in his twenty-third year, and his
Bishop was inspired with so great confidence in him, that he at
once appointed him vicar of the parish of St. Germain at
Rennes. Here he soon commenced to build a home for the
poor, and established a manufactory for handkerchiefs, &c.,
where 2,000 poor people were occupied, the young girls being

4 08

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

under the supervision and instruction of nuns, who took care of
the silk and maintained order in the house. Other philanthropic
establishments in Rennes were also inaugurated by him.
At the French Revolution, M. Carron refused to recognise the
civil constitution of the clergy, or to take the oath, and he was
in consequence imprisoned at Rennes, in Aug. 1792, and
transported to Jersey in the following month, with about three
hundred priests and religious.
The Abbé foúnd the island overflowing with fugitives,
and his first care was to erect a chapel, schools, a medical
repertory, and a library.
In 1796 the Government ordered the greater part of the
priests and emigrants then in ] ersey to be sent to England, and
the Abbé, in September of that year, came to London, where
he opened two schools and a medical repertory.
Here he also opened two chapels successively, and in 1797
he established at Somers Town two hospitals, one for aged or
infirm priests, and the other for women. He also instituted a
seminary for twenty-five students, which gave many priests to
the Church.
In 1799, the schools he had established became boarding-
schools, in one of which about eighty boys were educated, and
in the other, sixty girls. .
At Somers Town the Abbé built a large chapel, besides which
he found means to establish and support in London Street,
Fitzroy Square, a Chamber of Providence, in which were
deposited linen, wine, and suitable refreshments for the sick.
Two poor schools in Somers Town also owed their existence
to him.
He continued to direct his various foundations in England
until 18 14, when he returned to France, only to be forced 011
March 20, 1815, to seek refuge once more in England.
In the following November he went back to France, where
he continued to astonish the world with his philanthropic
institutions and extraordinary activity, until his death at Paris,
March 15, 1820.
Cast with the innumerable exiled French clergy upon
England's hospitable shore, he returned a hundredfold for the
generous asylum it gave him, for wherever he fixed his abode,
new fountains of charity gushed forth around him.
Charity was the sole purposé of his life: his every breath

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 0 9

heaved forth its anxious prayer-his every word accented its
life-preserving purpose. Hospitals", schools, and chapels were
the result of the irresistible pleadings of this missionary of
charity, who, himself, had little more than what the fostering
providence of the hour furnished to its faithful and diligent
agent.
Laity's Directories, 1822 and 1824.
I. Beau Soir de la Vie; &c.
2. Cantiques Anciens et Nouveaux.
3. Confesseurs de la Foi, dans l'Eglise Gallicane à la fin dix-
huitième Siècle. 4 vols. 8vo.
4. De l'Education. Paris, 1819,2 vols. 18mo.
5. Ecoliers Vertueux. 2 vols. 18mo.
6. L' Ami des Mères. Lond. 1805, 4 vols. 12mo.
7. Le même, ou se trouve la Vie d'une jeune Religieuse morte
à Sales House, Shepton Mallet. 2 vols.
8. Le Trèsor de la Jeunesse Chrétienne.
9. Les Attraits de la Morale,ou la Vertu parée de tous ses
charmes, et l' Art de rendre heureux ceux qui nous entourent,
avec un beau Portr. de St. F. de Sales.
10. Les Nouvelles Heroines.
II. L' Heureux Matin de la Vie.
12. Modèle des Prêtres, ou la Vie du J. Brydayne. Reprinted,
Lille, 1860,8vo.
13. Modèles du Clergé. 12mo.; Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo.
14. D'une tendre et solide Dévotion à la Mère de Dieu dans Ie
1 r age de la Vie.
15. Parmi les Filles Chrétiennes. 12mo.
16. Pensées Chrétiennes, ou entretiennes de l' Ame Fidèle,
avec Ie Seigneur, pour tous les Jours de l' Année. 6 vols. 12mo.
17. Pensées Ecclesiastiques. Lille, 1799, 12 vols. 18mo.
18. Réfiexions Chrétiennes pour tous les Jours de l' An. \Vin-
chester, 1796, 8vo. Translated into English under the title of " Catholic
Reflections."
19. Vies des Justes dans I'Etat ou mariage. 2 vols. 12mo.
20. Vies des Justes dans I'Etude des Lois,ou dans la Magis.
trature.
21. Vies des Justes dans les plus haut Rangs de la Société.
5 vols.
22. Vies des Justes dans les Conditions ordinaires de la
Société. Lyon, 1844, 8vo.
23. The Life of P. La Feuillade, a Catholic Soldier of the 18th
century. Translated from the French. Lond. (Derby, pr.), (1850),
12mo.
24- Several of the above works have been translated into English.
25. Portrait, Abbé Toussaint Julien Carron, Founder of St.
Aloysius Chapel and Charity Schools, and several other Religious

410

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and Charitable Institutions, and Author of many learned and
pious Works. Born at Rennes, Feb. 23, 1760. Died at Paris,
March 15, 1821. Lond. Keating & Brown, Laity's Directory, 1824, 12mo.

Carrow, Gervase, a gentleman, condemned to die for
denying the king's ecclesiastical supremacy, and executed in
1540.
Dodd, Ch. Hist., citing Dr. WorthÙzgto1l'S Catal. Martyr.

Carter, Andrew, artist in stained glass, born in Preston,
Sept. 2 I, 1799, was the second son of Mr. Thomas Carter, one
of the Councillors under the new municipal corporation of
Preston in I 836. The Carters of Urton, or Durton, in
Broughton, near Preston, were probably descended from the
Carters of Thistleton, and were staunch recusants. James
Carter, son of Henry Carter, of Durton, registered his estate
there in 1717, in accordance with the Act of I Geo. I., and his
relative Grace Carter was the wife of Edward Daniel, of Durton,
ancestor of several distinguished ecclesiastics. Andrew Carter
resided at Lady Well, Fernyhalgh, and married Alice, daughter
of Mr. John G ill ow, of Salwick Hall and Elswick Grange, by
whom he had a numerous family.
He attained considerable proficiency in his profession, a
notable example of which may be seen in the chapel at
Fernyhalgh. Ultimately he settled in the United States,
where his talents met with due appreciation.
Whittle, Hist. of Preston.; Gillow, Lallc. Rcc'llsallts, MS.
Carter, John, priest, born in April, 1750, was son of
Robert Carter, of Standish, and his wife, Jane Cope or Cooper.
Several Catholic families of this name resided in various parts
of Lancashire, the most notable being those at Thistleton and
Broughton.
The family under notice were descended from that of
Thistleton. It appears in the Recusant Rolls of the time of
Charles II., and in 1717 two of its members registered lease-
hold estates there. Richard Carter, the son of one of these,
was perhaps the first to remove to Standish. His brother, John
Carter, was ordained priest at the English College, Lisbon, and
served the mission of Newhouse, Newsham, near Preston. This
mission was founded towards the close of the seventeenth or
beginning of thé last century, at The Hough, in Newsham, and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

41 I

in 1716 the Rev. Francis Kirk was the priest. The Hough
estate belonged to John Hesketh, a younger son of William
Hesketh, of 1\1aynes Hall, Esq., by Perpetua, daughter of
Thomas \Vestby, of Mowbreek, Esq. The Rev. Roger
Brockholes served this mission some years later conjointly with
Claughton. The date of the arrival of the Rev. John Carter is
not recorded, but he was here in 1745, when Charles Edward
passed with his army, and obtained an assurance from that
Prince that his troops should not molest his person or the
mission property. It was probably Mr. Carter who erected the
small ill-made chapel, since known as Newhouse, on the estate
bequeathed by Edmund ffishwick, the representative of an old
Newsham yeomanry family.
In 1768, during the anti-Jacobite and No-Popery fermellta-
tion at Preston, Newhouse narrowly escaped destruction. An
infuriated mob, after destroying St. 1\1ary's Chapel, at Preston,
and burning that at Cottam, moved in the direction of Newsham
for the purpose of demolishing the chapel there, but a
neighbouring Protestant persuaded them not to touch it. vVhen
they got to Hollowforth Mill he met them, and ascertaining
their purpose, entreated them not to molest the resident priest
at Newhouse, whom he highly praised, and then asked them to
have something to eat and drink, with which they were appeased
and moved back to Preston. 1\11'. Carter died Oct. 18, 1789,
but long before his death, about 1762, his nephew, James
Carter, came to assist him in the mission. He was the son of
Richard Carter and his wife Elizabeth Mawdesley, and was
born in 1736. Educated at Douay, he was there ordained
priest and assumed his mother's maiden name, a custom which
was very common with priests in those days. Here he remained
for fifty-two years, and died at Newhouse, Feb. 4, 1814, aged
78. Towards the close of his life :Mr. Carter, or Mawdesley,
the name by which he was known, was assisted by his nephew,
Henry Carter, who came to the mission in 1805. He was a
younger son of Robert Carter and his wife) Jane Cope or
Cooper, born Feb. 2, 1761, and educated at St. Orner and
Douay. It was mainly through his exertions that the present
chapel at Newhouse was built, in 1806, near the old site, and
with a view of preventing any ill-feeling or difficulty with the
Protestants, whose chapel at Barton, about a mile distant, was
dedicated to the same saint, St, Lawrence, the old patron was

4 12

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

abandoned, and the new edifice was dedicated to Our Lady.
Four years later the parson of Goosnargh demanded fees for
burial in the cemetery which had been recently attached to
Newhouse, but this was successfully resisted by Mr. Carter. He
retired from the mission in 18 I 8, and died at Preston, Nov. 24,
1826, aged 65.
His elder brother was the Rev. John Carter, the original
subject of this notice. Born in 1750, he was admitted into
Do
ay College in 1762, where he distinguished himself:
particularly as a classical scholar, and defended philosophy
under Mr. Joseph Berington. In 1776 he came on the mission,
and was placed with his old master, Mr. Berington, at \Volver.
hampton, where he remained until his death, which occurred
March 3 I, 1803.
Mr. Carter was gifted with a fine imagination and a good
memory, was an eloquent and powerful preacher, and was highly
respected by Protestants as well as Catholics. It is not too
much.to say of him that no one laboured more, and with better
success than he did, to remove from the minds of his Protestant
brethren the many prejudices which they entertained about
Catholics and the Catholic religion. He was buried in Bastbury
churchyard, where a stone was erected to his memory by his
friend Mrs. Green, of Wolverhampton, with a long inscription
commemorative of his great abilities and good qualities.
Gillow, Lanc. Rccltsallts, MS. ,. Kirk, Biog. Collectiolls MSS. ;
Forfeited Estates, P. 62, P. 134, P.R.O.,. DOllay Diaries.
I. Gother's Prayers for Sundays and Festivals, adapted to the
use of Private Families or Congregations. To which is added an
Appendix, containing Prayers before and after Mass, and some
Evening Devotions. Wolverhampton, J. Smart. 1800, 8vo.; title
I leaf, preface, pp. vii., pp. 3-429.
Edited in conjunction with the Rev. John Kirk, D.D.

Carter, Peter, M.A., schoolmaster, a native of Lancashire,
was born about 1530, and took his degree of B.A. at St. John's
College, Cambridge, iu I 553-4. In the following year he
was elected to a fellowship in St. John's on Mr. Asheton's
foundation, and commenced IVLA. in 1557. After this he was
appointed Master of the Grammar School of Preston, where the
people for long refused to abandon their faith.
How long he remained in this occupation does not appear,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 1 3

but it is probable that he was ultimately discharged on account
of his religion.
The Latin inscription upon his tombstone in Preston church-
yard (Dodsworth MSS., vol. cxlv. fol. 145), records the date of
his burial, Sept. 8, 1590, aged 60.
Cooper, Athell. Calltab.,. Palatine Note-Book, Fe1? 1883.
I. Annotationes in Dialectica Joan. Setoni. Lond. 1563, 12mo.,
printed together with Seton; Lond. 1570-2-4-7, 158+-7,1599,1611, 12mo.;
Cambro 1631, J2mo.; Lond. 1639,8vo. Ded. to Edward, Earl of Derby,
K.G., whom Carter seems to have known, and calls him" the most benign
patron of letters."
This once popular book was formerly the standard treatise on Logic.
Seton was in 1554 Prebendary of Ulskelf in the Church ofVork, and one of
the divines sent to mge John Bradford to recant.

Carter, or Cartaret, Richard, O.S.F., was one of those
Observants who suffered so much in prison on account of their
refusal to acknowledge the ecclesiastical supremacy of the king,
that when they were released, in 1573, they were reduced to such
a state by their sufferings that four of them died, of whom Fr.
Carter was one, within a few days after obtaining their freedom.
This is commemorated in the Franciscan l\Iartyrology on
Aug. 9, 1537.
Parkills01z, ColI. Allglo-MÍ1l., p. 238.

Carter, William, D.D., a native of Durham, was educated
at Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1529, M.A. 1532,
B.D. 1542, and received his degree of D.D. in 1544. He
was collated to the Archdeaconry of Northumberland, Nov. 3,
I 558, and was well beneficed in Queen Mary's reign. Refusing
the oath of ecclesiastical supremacy in the I st of Queen
Elizabeth, he was taken into custody and deprived of his pre.
ferments.
In a list of recusants in 156 I, it is stated that he was
restrained to Thirsk, in Yorkshire, or within ten miles thereof.
The following note occurs against his name: "N ot unlearned,
but very stubborn and to be considered." He afterwards
escaped to the Continent, and resided in the English College at
Douay in I 57 I. He died at Mechlin, in Brabant, in 1578.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
. Cooper, Athc1l. Cantab.; Doltay Diaries.
I. Verses after Peter Carter's edition of Seton's Logic.

414

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Carter, William, printer and bookseller, was the son of
John Carter, of London, draper, and was apprenticed to the
celebrated printer, John Cawood, for ten years from the Purifi-
cation, I 562-3. After the termination of his articles, he
appears to have acted as amanuensis to Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield,
and set up a press at which, in his zeal for the Catholic cause,
he printed many books in favour of his party, but on account
of the necessities of the times, most if not all bore the imprint
of Douay, or other places abroad.
Nevertheless, he was frequently threatened by Dr. Aylmer,
Bishop of London, on that account; and, indeed, Strype says
that he was "divers times put in prison for printing lewd
pamphlets, Popish and others, against the Government." It
does not appear, however, that he printed anything except
Catholic books-If lewd pamphlets" in the language of those
bitter days.
Ultimately he was apprehended and tried for printing Gregory
Martin's" Treatise of Schism," with the addition of a dedication
to the Queen, under the name of John Howlet, an alias
attributed to Fr. Persons.
Cardinal Allen states in his reply to Burleigh's "Execution
of Justice in England," that he was examined on the rack as to
whom he had disposed, or intended to bestow, certain books of
prayers and spiritual exercises and meditations, which he had in
his possession.
He was indicted for printing the "Treatise of Schism," in
which was a quotation, or expression, which the prosecuting
counsel most unjustly maintained was an exhortation to the
English to treat Queen Elizabeth as Judith did Holofernes. He
was condemned at the Old Bailey, Jan. 10, I 584, and the next
day was hanged, bowclled, and quartered at Tyburn.
Great commiseration was felt for this innocent young man,
and it was generally thought that he was hardly treated, for
the allusion to Holofernes was palpably inapplicable to the
Queen, and there was not a single passage in the book which
bore the appearance of treason.
Dodd, Ch. H'ist.,. IVood, Ath. Ozon.,. Stow, An1lals,. Ames,
Typo. Antiq., Herbert, 1786, vol. ii.
I. Ames says he printed a book in French asserting the innocence of
Mary, Queen of Scots, which he suggests was a translation of Bishop
Lesley's" Defence of the Honour of l\1arie,'1 &c., privately printed in 15 6 9,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 1 5

and edited and reprinted by l\1organ Philipps, Liége, 1571. It is far more
probable that it was one of the English translations with a foreign imprint.
2. A Treatise of Schism. Shewing that al Catholikes ought
in any wise to abstaine altogether from heretical Conventicles,
&c., Duaci. 1580, I6mo., with a ded. by John How-let (i.e., Fr. Persons) to
Q. Eliz.
The original work by Gregory Martin was published, Duaci, 1578.

Carter, William, priest, was the son of John Carter, of
Little Poulton Hall, co. Lancaster, by his first wife, Elizabeth,
daughter and co-heiress of Henry Atkinson, of Poulton. This
family was descended from the Carters of Hambleton and
Larbreck, who regularly appear in the Recusant Rolls from the
earliest period. 1\Ir. John Carter married, secondly, Mrs.
Corless, the mother of Dr. Corless, the priest at Cottam.
\Villiam Carter was ordained priest at Ushaw, and succeeded
the Rev. John Bell to the mission of St. Marie's, Samlesbury,
in April, I 828.
Previous to Mr. Bell's appointment, the mission, which is a
very old one, had been served by the Franciscans. Mr. Carter
remained here until Oct. 1847, when he was removed to the
church of S1. Joseph, Liverpool, which had been erected in the
previous year. Here, by the munificence of Don Tomaso
Gillow, Marquis of Solidad del Rivero, in Mexico, a native
of Liverpool, he was enabled to erect the costly schools of
SSe Thomas and William.
He died on July 13, 1853.
Abram, His!. of Blackburll.
I. Answer to the Charges of the Rev. F. Law, contained in
An Address to the Protestants of Salmesbury. Preston, 1835, 8vo.,
pp. 12.
2. A Brief Reply to the Second Address of the Rev. F. Law
to the Protestants of Salmesbury. Preston (1835), 8vo., pp. 33.
This was called "The Samlesbury Controversy," and excited great
interest in the neighbourhood. The Rev. F. Law was the Vicar of Samles-
bury, and made a gratuitous attack on the Catholics in a pamphlet of twelve
pages, which elicited Mr. Carter's first reply.

Carus, Thomas, Judge, was son of \tVilliam Carus, of
Asthwaite, co. \Vestmoreland, Esq., by Isabel, daughter of
Thomas Leyburne, of Cunswick, in the same county, Esq. It
does not appear where he received his academical education,
but he was entered at the Middle Temple, and attained the
position of Reader, in Lent, 1556. At the end of Mary's reign,

4 16

DIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

he was summoned to take the coif, which he received soon
after the accession of Elizabeth, on April 19, I 559. From
that time till Trinity Term, 1565, his name occurs in several
cases in both Dyer's and Plowden's Reports.
The date of his elevation as a judge of the Queen's Bench
is not given by Dugdale (Orig. 2 I 7), but from the latter author
it may be gathered that he succeeded IVlr. Justice Corbet, who is
mentioned as sitting in the court as late as Trinity Term, 1566.
Carus retained this position till his death, the date of which
has not been discovered, but no successor seems to have been
appointed to him till May, 14 Eliz. 1572, although his name
does not appear in the Reports after Easter, in the 12 Eliz.
Perhaps his religion accounts for this, for his family appears in
the Recusant Rolls very shortly after this date, and all his
descendants were staunch Catholics until ruined and broken
up, and their estates confiscated and sold, for their active sup-
port given to the Chevalier de St. George in his unsuccessful
attempt to recover the throne of his ancestors in 1715.
Judge Carus settled at Kirby Lonsdale, in \Vestmoreland,
and he was residing there at the time of Flower's visitation of
Lancashire in 1567. He married Catherine, daughter of
Thomas Preston, of Preston Patrick, Esq., and had three sons
and three daughters. The eldest, Thomas, of Kirby Lonsdale,
married Anne, daughter and sole heiress of \Vilfrid Preston, of
Over Biggins, co. \Vestmoreland, Esq., and had an only
daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, the wife of Sir Nicholas
Cut"wen, of Workington, co. Cumberland, Knt., whose grandson,
Sir Patrick Curwen, was created a Baron et in 1627, a title
which expired with him in 1664.
The third son, Christopher Carus, established himself at
Halton Hall, near Lancaster, which he acquired by purchase,
with the manor and advowson, and it is not quite certain
whether or not he was knighted. He married Catherine,
daughter of Christopher Philipson, of Colgarth, co. \Vestmore.
land, and both he and his wife suffered heavy and repeated
fines for recusancy.
Their descendants were allied with the best Lancashire
families, and possessed very extensive estates, which were ulti.
mately sacrificed through their loyalty to the Stuarts.
Foss, Judges of England.; GillozC', Lanc. Recl/sallts, illS.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 1 7

Carver, Thomas, a captain in the Royal army, was killed
in Monmouthshire during the Civil \Var.
CastlemaÙz, Calk. Aþol.
Cary, Anne Clementina, O.S.B., born in 1615, was
daughter of Viscount Falkland. She was professed at the
Benedictine Abbey at Cambray, in 1640, and going to Paris
for the cure of a disorder in 165 I, obtained by means of
Henrietta Maria, Q
een of the unfortunate Charles I., with the
assistance of Abbot J\lontague, that a monastery of her Order
should be established in Paris.
Five nuns from Cambray were sent to aid her in beginning
the foundation, two of whom afterwards returned to Cambray.
Dame Bridget More was installed the first abbess, the
foundress, Dame Clementina, having out of humility declined
that dignity. After occupying five different houses, the com-
munity, through the generosity of M. de Touche, was put in pos-
session, in March, 1664, of the convent which it finally occu-
pied in the Rue du Champ de l'Alouette, Faubourg St. Marcel.
Here Dame Clementina died, April 26, 1671, aged 56.
The Abbey continued until the French Revolution of 1793,
when it was converted into a common gaol, and the nuns were
confined in their own convent with the ordinary prisoners.
After much suffering and many adventures, they at length
obtained their freedom, and arrived in London, July 5, 1795.
They settled the same year at Marmhull House, in Dorsetshire.
In 1807 they removed to Court House, Cannington, near
Bridgewater; in 1836 they went to Aston Hall, Stafford-
shire; and finally, in the following year, they settled at
St. Benedict's Priory, Great Heywood, Staffordshire.
Petre, Notices of Ellg. Colleges and COJlVellts; Snow, BClled.
Necrology; Oliver, Collections, p. 142.

Cary, Edward, priest, was the son of John Cary, Esq.,
and his wife Lucy, and was born in the village of l\ielford, co.
Suffolk.
His father, who died about 1638, was the heir to large
possessions, but had been reduced to poverty on account 01
persecution for the faith.
In his account of himself on his entry into the English
College, Rome, Edward Cary says that he was brought up partly
VOL. I. E E

4 18

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

at Melford, and partly at Marldon, in Devon, the seat of his uncle,
Sir Edward Cary. He further states that he had four brothers
and five sisters, all Catholics.
During the Civil War, Edward, like other members of his
family, served as an officer in the Royal army until it was dis-
banded. He then, in Aug. 1646, left England with the
intention of serving in some continental army, but afterwards
changed his mind, and went to Rome with an ardent desire for
the priesthood. Here he was admitted into the English College,
Dec. 8, 1646, and was ordained priest, March 25, 165 I.
In the following month he proceeded to the English mission,
where he gained the general esteem of his brethren.
At the accession of James II. he was appointed Chaplain-
General to his Majesty's Catholic forces, and after the Revolu-
tion of 1688 he was employed in confidential negotiations
with the friends of legitimate monarchy. His death occurred
in I 7 I I.
The ancient family of Cary, of Devonshire, suffered severely
under the penal laws, though in early times some of its members
appear to have conformed to the new religion.
It is recorded that Sir Edward Cary, of Marldon, was one of
the leading Catholics of Devon, and endured unrelenting per-
secution on account of his religion. His wife was Margaret
Blackhurst, of Preston, co. Lancaster, but that family was
cert:iinly not Catholic. His son, Sir George Cary, who was
knighted by Charles I. at Greenwich, in 1632, purchased Tor
Abbey, near Torquay, which was originally a monastery of
Premonstratensian Canons, founded in the reign of King John.
The Abbey was most beautifully situated, and the ruins of
the church, chapter-house, and a gateway, evince its former
magnificence. The domestic portions of the building still
extant are unusually extensive and perfect. The old refec-
tory was converted into, and used as, a Catholic chapel, and
Dr. Oliver states that, in his belief, a priest has been in regular
attendance ever since.
Foley, Records SJ., vols. v. and vi.,. Oliver, CollectiOlzs"
Dodd, CIt. Hist. J. Burke, La1lded Gentry.
I. The Catechist Catechized: or Loyalty asserted in Vindica.
tion of the Oath of Allegiance, against a New Catechism set forth
by a Father of the Society of Jesus, to which is Annexed a
Decree made by the Fathers of the said Society, against the said

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

419

Oath. With Animadversions upon it. By Adolphus Brontius,
a Roman Catholick. 1681, 8vo., title 1 leaf, preface pp. 3-6, second title
1 leaf, "The Jesuits' Catechism: or, a Brief Instruction touching the Oath of
Allegiance. By way of Dialogue
1681." Preface signed J. D., PP.9-10,
"The Jesuits' Catechism," pp. 11-189.
The secular clergy as a body, and most of the Catholic nobility, gentry,
and commonalty, had either actually taken the oath of allegiance, or were
ready to do so when it should be required of them, and in this they were
supported by the opinions of a great number of the Sorbonne Doctors. The
Jesuits were in strong opposition to this, and through their influence the
Internuncio at Brussels, Tanari, published a condemnation of the oath of
allegiance in March, 1682, and on May 14, following, 1\1r. Cary's book,
written pseudonymously, in defence of the oath, was condemned by
Innocent XI.

Cary, George, a gentleman volunteer in the Royal army,
a younger son of George Cary, of Cockington, co. Devon,
Esq., by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., of
Berry Pomeroy, co. Devon, was killed at Shelford House
during the Civil vVar. He was brother to Sir Henry Cary,
Knt., Sheriff of Devon in 1643.
CastlclllaÙz, Catlt. Aþol.
' Burke, Lallded Gentry.
Caryll, John, poet and dramatic writer, was born about
1624, and was the eldest son and heir of John Caryll, of
Ladyholt and Harting, co. Sussex, Esq., and his wife, the Hon.
Catherine, daughter of \Villiam, second Lord Petre.
After studying his rudiments in England, he was sent to
St. Omer's College, and at the age of 18 was admitted, in 1642,
into the English College, Rome. He left the college, March 2,
1646, but remained in Rome for some time. Eventually he
was appointed private secretary to Tvlary Beatrice, Duchess of
York. He was one of the victims of the Oates Plot persecu-
tion, and suffered imprisonment in the Tower for six years;
but when James II. ascended the throne, he was released, and
was intrusted by the king with a commission to Rome to
endeavour to effect reconciliation with the Holy See. After
his return to England he was appointed Secretary and Ivlaster
of Requests to the Queen, Nov. 27,1685, and was in great
favour with the royal family.
At the Revolution, in 1688, he followed his Sovereign to
St. Germains, and in 1695 was made Secretary of State to the
exiled monarch. In 1697, J ames II. rewarded him with
knighthood, and created him Earl Caryn and Baron Dartford,
EE2

420

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

dignities which had been offered him some time before he
accepted of them, but these titles were not acknowledged in
England. Three years before, in 1694, he had been outlawed
by \Villiam of Orange, and his estates of Goodwood, Harting,
and Ladyholt were sequestrated and bestowed upon a certain
Lord Cutts, who it is believed had been a butcher, but quitting
the shambles for the army, had joined the Orange party against
his lawful sovereign. The property being entailed, Cutts only
got the life interest, which was afterwards redeemed by Caryll's
third brother, Richard, for
6,000.
Caryll married Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Sir
Maurice Drummond, but died at the Court of St. Germains
without issue, Sept. 4, 17 1 I, aged 87, and was buried in the
Scotch College, Paris, to which he was a considerable bene-
factor, as he was likewise to several religious orders and to
different objects of charity.
Her Majesty, the exiled Queen, in sending her condolence
to the family at his death, stated that none could be more
sensible of his loss than she was; that she had never had a
person about her in whom she could confide without any
reserve as shé had done in him; that he was the only man
whom she ever regarded in the light, not only of a friend, but
of a father; and that she would never forget in her feelings
towards his family the obligations she owed to him.
Foley, Records SJ., vols. iii. and vi.
1. The English Princess, or the Death of Richard III.; a
Tragedy. Lond. 1667. 4to.
2. Sir Solomon Single, or the Cautious Coxcomb; a Comedy;
translated from the French. Lond.1671. 4to.
3. The Hypocrite, written upon the L- S- in the year
1678. Some verses printed in Dryden's Miscellanies.
4. The translation of the first Eclogue of Virgil, printed in Nichol's
" Select Collection of Miscellany Poems," vol. ii. p. I.
5. Briseis to Achilles, an English translation in ver.:;e in P. Ovidius Naso
Heroidum Epistolæ. Lond. 1683, 8vo.; 1701, 8vo.; 1712, 8vo.; 1725, 12mo.
6. The Psalmes of David. Translated from the Vulgate. 1700.
I2mo. Preface, approb., &c., 9 leaves, PP.347, and 8 pp. errata; second
edit. 1704, renewed and corrected. Printed at St. Germains, in prose, and
written with great care, in which. he took Bellarmine for his guide, and he
modestly says it was intended only for the private devotions of the laity. It
is said by Dr. Geddes, in his prospectus for a new translation of the Bible
(p. 110) to have often expressed the meaning of the Vulgate much better than
the Doua)' translation.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 21

Caryll, John, Esq., was the eldest son and heir of Richard
Caryll, of vVest Grinstead Place (younger brother and heir of
John Caryll, created Earl Caryll by James II. in exile), and
his wife, Frances, second daughter of Sir Henry Bedingfeld,
Bart. His father purchased \Vest Grinstead from his cousin,
Philippa, Lady Morley, llée Caryll, widow of Lord Morley and
IVlonteagle.
l\1r. Caryll, who succeeded his uncle to the family estates,
and would have been the second Lord Caryn had the title been
recogniseq, married EliJabeth, daughter of John Harrington, of
Ore Place, Sussex, Esq., and had a numerous family. He
suffered imprisonment, for recusancy, or for loyalty to his unfor-

unate Sovereign, on two occasions, in I696-viz., in Chichester
gaol for fourteen days, from March 28, and in Horsham prison
for nine weeks, from :l\Iay 4. He died at \Vest Grinstead in 173 6 ,
where his most intimate friend, Pope, composed so many of
his beautiful works. It was at his desire that the poet wrote
"The Rape of the Lock," in which the Peer was Lord Petre.
Mr. Caryll's eldest son, John, died in his father's lifetime,
April 6, 1718, aged 30, leaving, by Lady 1iary Mackenzie,
daughter of the fourth Earl of Seaforth, a son, John Baptist,
the last of his family, who married the Hon. Dorothy
Molyneux, of Sefton, daughter of the fourth Viscount Molyneux
of Maryborough, and died without issue, in 1788, aged 74. In
1750 John Baptist sold the equity of redemption in the pro-
perty to his lawyer, a
1r. Burrell, who was subsequently created
a Baronet. He then joined Prince Charles Edward in Italy,
with whom he lived for many years, and finally retired to
Dunkirk, where he died in poverty and distress.
Fr. Richard Caryll, S.]., second son of John Caryll and
Elizabeth Harrington, was born in 1692, and entered the
Society at vVatten, in 17 J 1. He was at Ladyholt in 1718,
under the assumed name of Paul Kelly, and took up the duty of
keeping the CaryIl Diary upon the death of his eldest brother,
John, in that year. He was chaplain at Lulworth Castle,
Dorset, in 1722, and again chaplain at Ladyholt soon afterwards,
which he left about 1724, and subsequently served the mission
of Bonham, and in 1727 went to Cheeseburn Grange, New-
castle-on- Tyne, eventually succeeding his cousin, Fr. Charles
CarylI, at Stapehill, Derbyshire, in 1745, where he died,
Feb. 18-28, 1750-1, aged 58.

4 2 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Foley, Records SJ., vols. iii. and vii.
I. A large collection of Caryll MSS. is in the Brit. Mus., Add. MSS.,
Letters, &c., nn. 28,224; Family Correspondence, 22,228; Accounts and
Diary, 28,240; ditto of John Caryll, sen., 28,245; \VilIs, law papers, &c.,
28,250 (1569-1760).

Caryll, Mary, a.S.B., Abbess, was the eldest daughter of
John Caryll, of Ladyholt, Esq., by Catherine, daughter of
William, second Lord Petre. She was professed in the
Benedictine Convent at Ghent, whence, after several years, she
was sent in 1662, by the Lady Abbess, Mary Knatchbull, to
found a monastery of her Order at Dunkirk. She took
eleven of the sisters with her, all ladies of rank and singular
virtue.
Lady Caryll was constituted the first Abbess, and is re-
garded as the foundress of the house. She governed the
monastery with great success for forty-nine years, and left, at
her death in 17 I 2, forty-nine religious whom she had pro-
fessed, forty-four having died before her. She was 86 years
of age, and ruled by her example as well as by the sweetness
of her disposition. She was very devout to St. Francis
Xavier, and, although declared by two physicians to have an
incurable cancer, she ,vas believed to have been miraculously
healed after a novena in honour of the Saint, a fact mentioned
in the dedication of "Devotions of St. Francis Xavier," printed
at the end of the seventeenth century, and dedicated to her.
This cure took place in 1669.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii.; Dodd, Clt. His!.

Case, John, M.D., schoolmaster, was born at \Voodstock,
in Oxfordshire, and was educated at New College, Oxford,
where he was some time chorister, as also in Christ Church.
In 1564 he was chosen scholar of St. John's College, proceeded
M.A., and ,vas elected a Fellow of that College, being accounted
one of the most acute disputants of the day. Some time later
he was appointed to the Prebendary of North Aulton in the
church of Salisbury.
He does not appear to have believed in the teachings of the so.
called Reformers, and in consequence abandoned his fellowship
and became a Catholic ; but worldly considerations, and the fear

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 2 3

of the consequences which would ensue from the open avowal of
his change of religion, prevented him from ever making a
candid and public declaration of his faith until he lay in his
last sickness, and was assisted by " A, T,," a Catholic priest.
Though he was commonly suspected to be a Catholic, bis
occasional conformity and his reputation for learning shielded
him from interference, and he was permitted to keep a boarding-
school, which was much frequented, especially by Catholics.
He was considered the most noted disputant and philosopher
that ever set foot in St. John's College, and he was held in
great veneration by his pupils, several of whom afterwards
rose to eminence.
His works were much esteemed in the University, and read
with great profit by the juniors of the colleges. He did not
confine himself to one sort of learning. He was extremely
fond of studying physic, and took the degree of Doctor in
that faculty, in 1589. He made a competent fortune by his
various emp10yments, and died in the communion of the
Church, Jan. 23, 1600.
Dr. Case was highly esteemed for his talent in educating
youth. He was agreeable and facetious in conversation, and
having a philosophical turn of mind, endeavoured to revive that
branch of learning, which in his time was rather despised than
neglected in the University.
VV ood refers to him as "a man of an innocent, meek,
religious, and studious life, of a facete and affable conversation,
a lover of scholars, beloved of them again, and had in high
veneration."

Dodd, Ch. Hist.,. TVood, Athen. Oxon.,. Pitts, De Illust. Angl.
S criþt.
I. Summa veterum Interpretum in universam Dialecticam
Aristotelis. Lond. 1584, 4to.; Oxon. 1585-1598; Francf. 1593; 1616,8vo.
This was the first book printed at the new press at Oxford.
2. Speculum Moralium Quæstionum in universam Ethicen
Aristotelis. Oxon. 1585, 4to.; Francf. 1589; 1616,8vo.
3. Reflexis Speculis Moralis: seu Comment. in Magna Moralia
Aristotelis. Oxonii, 1584, 8vo.; 1596.
4, Sphæra Civitatis: sive de Politia. Oxonii, 1588, 4to.; Francf.
1616, 8vo.; often reprinted abroad.
5. Apologia Musices, tam V ocalis, quam Ins4-rumentalis, et
Mixtæ. Oxonii, 1588, 8vo. "'
Trans. into English, Oxford, 1686, 8vo., entitled" The Praise of Musicke."

4 2 4

13IBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

6. Thesaurus CEconomire, seu Comment. in CEconomica Aris-
totelis. Oxonii, 1597, 4to.; 1598, 8vo. ; Hanov. 1598, 8vo.
7. Appendix Thesauri CEconomiæ.
8. Lapis Philosophicus, seu Comment. in 8 Libros Physicorum
Aristotelis. Oxonii, 1599, 4to.; Lond. 1612, 4to.
9. Ancilla Philosophire, seu Epitome in 8 Libros Physicorum
Aristotelis. Oxonii, 1599, 4to.
10. Apologia Academiarum. MS.
II. Rebellionis Vindiciæ. MS.

Cassy, George, a captain in the Royal army, was killed at
Hereford during the Civil War. He was probably a son of
Henry Cassy, Esq., of Hereford, and his wife, Winefrid Seaborne.
The family was allied to the Berkeleys, Mortimers, and other
influential families.
Castlemailz, Catlt. Apology.

Castlemain, Roger Palmer, Earl of, was son of Sir
J ames Palmer, of Dorney, in Buckinghamshire, Chancellor of
the Garter, by Catherine, eldest daughter of Sir William
Herbert, afterwards Earl of Powis.
The family was descended from the Palmers of vVingham, in
Kent: and Ammening, in Suffolk.
Roger Palmer had the misfortune to marry Barbara Villiers,
daughter of Viscount Grandison, a lady whose morals were
subordinate to her vanity and ambition.
On the very day of the arrival of Charles II. in the capital,
sbe established her dominion over his heart, and contrived to
retain it for years, in defiance of the inconstancy of his dispo.
sition and the intrigues of her rivals.
When the approaching marriage of the king became a sub-
ject of anxiety and distrust with Mrs. Palmer, Charles, that he
might pacify the temper of his imperious mistress, redoubled
his attentions, and created her husband, strongly against his
will, Earl of Castlemain and Baron Limerick in Ireland, with
remainder to the issue male of the body of his wife, the Lady
Barbara.
\Vhen Oates broached his plot against the Catholics, in
Oct. 1678, he accused the Earl of Castlemain, that, having
obtained a divorce from bis wife on account of adultery with
the king, he was now a Jesuit in priest's orders, and had, in the
hearing of Oates, wished success to the plot that he might
gratify his revenge. Castlemain was sent to the Tower and

OF THE E:NGLI
H CATHOLICS.

4 2 5

tried at the King's Bench, \Vestminster, June 23, 1680, but was
acquitted amid general acclamation.
This trial thoroughly exposed the infamous characters borne
by Oates and Dangerfield, and so far as higotry would allow
cleared the Catholics from the charges promulgated during this
period of fanatical ferment.
\Vhen James II. ascended the throne, his too zealous advisers
persuaded the king to send Lord Castlemain as royal ambas-
sador to Rome, though it was well known that the Pontiff dis-
approved of their ardour and precipitancy. Castlemain's public
character, they argued, would ensure attention to his repre-
sentations, and his past sufferings in consequence of Oates'
plot would be a recommendation in his favour. There
seemed something ridiculous in the selection of the husband of
the imperious mistress of the late king for this mission to the
Pontiff, and it was with unfeigned reluctance that Castlemain
himself accepted the office.
H is instructions bound him to seek the advice of the General
of the Jesuits, and to live on terms of intimacy with the French
ambassador; instructions ill calculated to beget the goodwill of
the Pontiff, who was no great friend to the Society, and still less
to France, or the connections of France. The parade with which
Castlemain entered Rome, and the enthusiasm with which he was
hailed by the Romans, might gratify the vanity, but the issue
of his negotiation disappointed the expectation, of his sovereign.
Failing in the purpose of his mission, and his patience
exhausted, Castlemain complained in bitter terms that to him
and the French envoy no countenance was shown at the
Apostolic See, and he bluntly declared, that unless he had
reason to expect a change of measures, he would immediately
quit the Papal Court.
The Pontiff demanded satisfaction from the king for the
insult offered to him by the ambassador. James, though he
attributed the warmth of Castlemain to exuberance of zeal,
recalled him to England, but, in reward of his services, gave
him a place in the Council.
At the Revolution of 1688, when the Prince of Orange was
advancing on London, Castlemain retired into Montgomery.
shire; but here, during the general uproar in which the nation
was plunged, he fell into the hands of the rabble, and was
carried before the Mayor of Oswestry.

4 2 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

By that functionary he was kept in confinement for seven
weeks, until the order went down to remove him to London,
when, having remained three weeks longer in a messenger's
custody, he was at last committed to the Tower.
After some time he was brought to the bar of the House of
Commons and interrogated with regard to bis embassy at
Rome, and his acting as a Privy Councillor without taking the
oaths required by law.
He answered with great firmness and presence of mind, that
the embassy was pressed upon him in opposition to his desire
by Lord Sunderland, the chief Minister of State, by command
of the king. He reminded the House of Sir Thomas Over-
bury's fate, who was confined many years in the Tower for
refusing an embassy to Russia. As to the other point, he had
taken all the oaths tendered to him, and his non-compliance
with the usual oaths was neither in contempt of the law, nor
altogether in consideration of the king's dispensing power.
After a very able defence he was remanded back to the
Tower by warrant of the House of Commons on the charge of
high treason, for endeavouring to reconcile the kingdom to
the Church of Rome, with other crimes and misdemeanours.
The Government, however, thought proper to let the matter
drop, so that on Feb. 5, 1689, O.S., his lordship moved for a
habeas corþus, and was accordingly brought to Westminster five
days later, when he was bound over in his own recognisance of
:l 10,000, and four sureties of E, 4,000 each. The latter were
stood by the Earls of Bath, Anglesea, and Essex, with Lord
Lansdowne.
After his discharge he retired to the Continent, and resided
privately in France and Flanders, but at length returned to
England, and died in Wales in 1705.
Lord Castlemain possessed great natural abilities, which he
cultivated far above the common by reading and careful
observation. He took a leading part in all the Catholic councils
during the reign of Charles II.
His wife was created by Charles II. Baroness of Nonsuch, in
the county of Surrey, Countess of Southampton, and Duchess
of Cleveland, and died in 1709.
She bad one good quality; she was charitable. The English
Conceptionists, or Blue Nuns, of the Faubourg St. Antoine,
Paris, acknowledge her as a great benefactor in the diary of

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 2 7

their convent. In 1676 she appears to have been residing at
Paris, and paid for great alterations in the house. In the
following year she gave them
1,000, and she would have built
them a church but for an unfortunate disagreement with her
daughter, the Countess of Sussex. The diary records, in
1677, that the good nuns had received from her Grace, inclu-
sive of the alterations made in the house, the sum of I 5,650
livres.
In 168 I she was still in Paris, and collected in the convent
church after one of the sermons during Lent, and on the follow-
ing Sunday her little daughter did the same with a very
favourable result.
Such traits speak better for her subsequent career than
popular biographers have hitherto admitted.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.
. Butler, Hist. j}Iellloirs, ed. I 822, vol. iv. p. 457 ;
Lillgard, Hist. of E1lg., vols. ix. and X., ed. 1849; Diary of
tlte Blue iVltllS, Paris, 1658 to 171 I, IVIS.
I. An Account of the present War between the Venetians and
Turk; with the state of Candie (in a letter to the King from
Venice). Lond. 1666, 12mo., pp. 93; Amsterdam, 1668, in Dutch. \Vith
a portrait of the Earl by Faithorne, and a map and plan of Candia by
Hollar. Ded. to the King.
Horace \Valpole says that in the dedication the Earl discovers that the
Turk is the great Leviath, and that renegades lose their talents for naval
affairs.
2. To all tha Royallists that suffered for His Majesty: and
to all the rest of the Good People of England. The Humble
Apologie of the English Catholicks. 1666, 12mo. Published anony-
mously, almost immediately after the Fire of London. Charles Butler says
that the printer was diligently inquired after by the House of Commons, but
not discovered; he fled, but his presses were broken by the command of the
House.
The animosity against the Catholics, in consequence of the calumnious
charge of their having set fire to the City of London, rose, almost suddenly, to
a prodigious height of fury, insomuch that the Catholics were justly terrified
lest extreme measures against them should be adopted. \Vhile they were in
this state of agitation, Lord Castlemain published his manly and eloquent
Apology in their behalf.
I t has been erroneously attributed to Dr. R. Pugh, a Catholic physician.
Dr. Lloyd, afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph, republished it with aD answer,
entitled" The late Apology in behalf of the Papists, reprinted and answered,J7
Lond. 1667, 4to.; republished 1675, 4to., after Lord Castlemain's third
edition. The Doctor divides the Apology into paragraphs, and, at the end
of each, inserts his answer to it.
3. A Reply to the Answer of the Catholique Apology. Or a

4 28

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

cleere vindication of the Catholiques of England from all matter
of fact charg'd against them by their Enemyes. 1668, I2mo.,
pp. 288, said to be printed abroad.
At the end he reprints" A Catalogue of those Catholicks that died and
suffered for the ire Loyalty," originally drawn up by Thomas Blount, the
antiquary, with a few additions by two of the Misses Blount, nuns at Paris.
4. A full Answer and Confutation of a scandalous Pamphlet
called A Seasonable Discourse, &c., 1673, 4to. In answer to Dr. \Vm.
Lloyd, which elicited" A Reasonable Defence of the Seasonable Discourse,
or, A Reply to a treatise called A full Answer and Confutation of a scandalous
Pamphlet," &c., 1674, 4to.
5. Observations on the Reasonable Defence, &c., referred to by
Dodd.
6. The Catholique Apology, with a Reply to the Answer, to-
gether with a cleere Refutation of the Seasonable Discourse, its
Reasonable Defence, and Dr. Du Moulin's Answer to Philanax;
as also Dr. Stillingfleet's last Gun-powder Treason Sermon, his
Attack upon the Treaty of Munster; and all matter of fact
charged on the English Catholiques by their Enemies. By a
Person of Honour. The Third Edition, much augmented. 1674,
sm. 8vo.
This has been sometimes confounded with "The Apology," and cited
for it.
Dr. Peter du Moulin also published in this year a work, entitled "The
Papal Tyranny as it was exercised over England for some Ages, represented.
Now set forth by his son, P. du Moulin, Chaplain to King Charles II:'
Lond. 1674. 4to.
Both Castlemain's Apology and Defence contain a full, argumentative,
and eloquent justification of the Catholics, on every point upon which the
integrity of their moral, civil, or political principles has been questioned.
Another work against the Earl was entitled" The History of the Powder
Treason, with a Vindication of the proceedings and matters relating there-
unto, from the exceptions made against it, and more particularly of late years
by the author of the Catholick Apologie and others." Lond.1681. 4to.
7. A short and true Account of the material Passages in the
late War betwixt the English and Dutch. In the Savoy (Lond.),
1671,121110.; reprinted 1672, lzmo.; with portrait of the Earl by Faithorne.
8. The Compendium: or, a short View of the late Tryals in
Relation to the present Plot against his Majesty and the Govern.
mente With the Speeches of those that have been executed, As
also An Humble Address (at the close) to all the worthy Patriots
of this once Flourishing and Happy Kingdom. Lond. 1679, 4to.,
pp. 88, which was written in answer to Dr. Thomas Barlow's" Popery, or the
Principles and Provisions approved by the Church of Rome are very dangerous
to all; and to Protestant kings and supreme powers more especially perni-
dous, &c. In a letter to a Person of Honour." Lond. 1678. 4to.
Relative to these trials were the following publications :-" The Case of T.
Dangerfield, with some remarkable passages that happened at the Tryals of
E. Cellier and the Earl of Castlemain," Lond. 1680, fo!' j "The Tryal of

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 2 9

Roger, Earl of Castlemaine, for high treason, in conspiring the Death of the
King, &c., June 23, 1680." Lond. 1681, fol.
9. The Earl of Castlemain's Manifesto. 1681, sm.8vo, pp. 136.
A defence of himself against Turberville's charge that he was concerned in.
the" Popish Plot," which elicited" The Grand Impostor Defeated." Lond.
1682, fo1.
10. An Account of what past on the 28 Oct. 1689 in the House
of Commons, and since at the King's Bench bar, in relation to the
Earl of Castlemaine. Lond. 1690. 4to.
II. An Account of the Embassy of Roger :Earl of Castlemaine
to Innocent VI. from King James II. Translated into English,
with Alterations and Additions by the Author. Lond. 1688, fo1.,
with plates, including a portrait of the Earl, after G. B. Leonardi, by A. v.
Westerhout.
This was the translation from the original Italian work by Michael \Vright.
entitled "Ragguaglio della solenne comparsa del Conte di Castelmaine
Ambasciatore di Re Giacomo Secondo, da Giovanni Michele \Vi-it." Roma,
1687, fol. A fine work.
The embassy was attended with great display, the Earl being provided
with a splendid equipage and magnificent train. \Vright, who was a painter.
was majordomo to the Earl.
12. Portrait, Gio. Batista Leonardi, del., Arnoldo van \Vesterhout, sc.,
folio, being the frontispiece to \Vright's work. The Earl is represented kissing
the Pontiff's foot.
13. Portrait, the R. Hon. Roger Earle of Castlemayne, Baron of Lim-
brick, &c., oval, arms, engr. by Faithorne.

Caswall, Edward, Oratorian and poet, was the son of the
Rev. R. C. Caswall, and younger brother of Dr. Henry Caswall,
Prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral, author of works on
America, &c.
His father was descended from Sir George Caswall, M.P. for
Leominster, who was concerned in the South Sea scheme, and
is mentioned in Smollett's " History of England," as having been
summoned to the bar of the House in 1720.
Edward Caswall was born July 15, 1814, at Yately, in
Hampshire, where his father was clergyman. In 1832 he went
to Brasenose College, Oxford, and four years later took a
second class in classics. In the previous year he published
"The Art of Pluck," a humorous imitation of Aristotle, which
has passed through many editions and is still selling at Oxford.
In I 838 he was ordained a deacon of the Church of England,
at Wells, and priest, at Bath, in the following year.
In 1840 he became perpetual curate of Stratford-sub-Castle,
near Salisbury, and in the following year he married Louisa,

430

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

only child of General \Valker, of Taunton; she was cut off by
cholera, at Torquay, Sept. 14, 1849.
In 1846, just after publishing his sermons on "The Seen
and Unseen," Mr. Caswall resigned his incumbency, and visited
Ireland; and in Jan. 1847, he and his wife became Catholics at
Rome, and were received into the Church by Cardinal Acton.
This step was, in a great degree, due to the" Tracts for the
Times. "
His younger brother Thomas, Fellow of Clare Hall, Cam-
bridge, had become a Catholic a few months before.
On l\larch 29, 1850, he was admitted into the congregation
of the Oratory, established by Dr. Newman, at Edgbaston,
Birmingham, where he was subsequently ordained priest.
He had made the acquaintance of Dr, Newman at the house
of the Earl of Shrewsbury, and to his writings he always attri.
buted his conversion. In one of his numerous lyrics, com.
mencing, "Hail, sacred Force! hail, Energy sublime!" Father
Caswall bears eloquent tribute to the influence exercised over
him by the magic of the Cardinal's pen.
He remained at the Oratory until his death, Jan. 2, 1878,
aged 63.
Lord O'Hagan, in a speech at Birmingham, just after Fr. Cas-
wall's death, referred to him as a man whom he revered, who was
at once an accomplished scholar, a pious priest, and a gentle poet.
J1fz"ller, SÍ1zgers mzd Songs {If the Church
. Tablet, Jan. 5, 1878 ;
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
I. A New Art teaching how to be Plucked, being a Treatise
after the fashion of Aristotle; writ for the use of Students in the
Universities. To which is added a Synopsis of Drinking. By
Scriblerus Redivivus. Oxford, 1835, sm. 8vo., pp. 40; second edit.,
Oxford, 1835, preface dated Nov. 13, 1835 ; seventh edit., Oxford, 1837, sm.
8vo., pp. 40; often reprinted.
2. The Child's Manual: Forty Days' Meditations on the Chief
Truths of Religion, as contained in the Church Catechism. Lond.
1846. 16mo.
3. Sermons on the Seen and the Unseen. Lond. 1846, 8vo.,
written before his conversion.
4. Devotions for Confession and Communion, including
Visits to the Blessed Sacrament from "Les Delices des Ames
Picuses." Lond. 1849, 32ffiO., frontis. Frequently reprinted.
5. Lyra Catholica: containing all the Breviary and Missal
Hymns. With others from various sources. Translated. Lond.
1849, 3Zffio., pp. 311; New York, 1851, IZffiO.; Lond. 1853; 1884, 3 2mo .

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

431

These beautiful translations have been adopted in most of our prayer-
books.
6. Office of the Immaculate Conception (the new Office) in
Latin and English. Translated. Lond. 1850, 32mo., frontis. Often
reprinted.
7. Verba Verbi: the Words of Jesus, arranged in Order of
Time, as a Daily Companion Epitome of the Gospel, and Treasury
of Mental Prayer. Lond. 1855, I6mo.; 1871, second edit.
8. Hours at the Altar; or Meditations on the Holy Eucharist.
From the French of M. L'Abbé de la Bouellerie, V.G., of Paris.
Lond. 1860, 12mo., third edit., edited by Fr. Caswall.
9. The Altar Manual; or Instructions and Devotions for
Confession and Communion: Translated from the French.
Dublin, third edition, 1859, 12mo.
10. The Masque of Mary, and other Poems. Lond. (1857) 8vo.;
1858,8vo. A volume containing many beautiful pieces. Cardinal Newman
addressed to him, "A gift for new year in return for his volume of Poems,"
dated Jan. I, 1858.
I I. Confraternity Manual of the most Precious Blood. Lond.
Derby (printed), 1861. 16mo.
12. A May Pageant: a Tale of Tintern, and other Poems.
Lond. 1:865, 8vo. Reprinted.
13. Shield of Faith.
14. Catholic's Latin Instructor in the Principal Church
Offices and Devotions, for the use of Choirs, Convents, and
Mission Schools, and for Self-Teaching.
Freq'.1ently reprinted.
15. Love for Holy Church. From the French of Abbé Petit.
Lond. 1862. 12mo.

Catcher, Edward, Father S.J., alias Barton and
Burton, was the son of Thomas Catcher, of London, born in
1584 or 1586. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford, wbere
he proceeded B.A., and, having been reconciled to the Church,
in 1606, he entered the English College, Rome, in the same
year, to repeat his studies for theology. He joined the Society
of Jesus at Louvain, in 1609 or 1611, and in 1621 till 1623
he appears at Liége as Procurator. He died on the English
mission about 1624.
He was an active missioner, and distinguished for his piety
and learning.
Records SJ. Collectallca
. Oli'l)er, Collectallea SJ.
I. Oration pronounced at the funeral of Cardinal Edward Farnese. In
Latin, MS.
2. Defeat of Henche, the Calvinistio Minister. Par Fère Veron.
Translated into English. Douay, 1616.

432

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Catherick, Edmund, priest and martyr, was descended
from the ancient family of Catherick seated at Carlton and
Stanwick, in the North Riding of Yorkshire.
One of this family, which was always notable for its staunch
adherence to the faith, was concerned in one of those tumults
and protests against the change of religion which broke out in
Yorkshire about the time of the Pilgrimage of Grace.
Anthony Catherick, Esq., and other members of his family,
were recusants in the parish of Stanwick in 1604. In the reign
of Charles II., 1665-6, John Catherick, Esq., of Carlton, with
his widowed mother and several of his children, appears in the
Recusant Rolls.
Edmund Catherick adopted the alia
of Huddleston, probably
his mother's maiden name. The Huddlestons were living in
Lancashire at this time, and here, presumably, the future
martyr was born.
He was educated and ordained priest at Douay College, and
came on the mission about 1635, being then thirty years of
age.
After seven years of missionary labour, he was apprehended
on the road, not far from \VatIas, in the North Riding, and
carried by the pursuivants before Justice Dodsworth, who had
married a near relation of Mr. Catherick, and to whom, it
seems, he had candidly avowed that he was a priest, while on a
visit as a kinsman to the magistrate's house.
When the good priest was brought before him, the justice
without more ado committed him to York Castle, and after-
wards appeared as evidence against him, making oath that the
prisoner had owned himself a priest in his hearing.
Mr. Dodsworth and his family do not appear to have
received much blessing after this, for IVlr. Knaresborough, him-
self a Y orkshireman, declares that they felt the guilt of the
martyr's blood very heavy upon them, in a long series of sur-
prising and dire disasters, currently believed in by the people of
the neighbourhood even in his day.
Mr. Catherick was condemned to death merely for being a
priest, and at his execution he demeaned himself worthy of the
great cause for which he was suffering.
Charles I. and the Prince of \Vales, with many lords and
persons of distinction, were then staying at The IVlanor in York,
and the occasion was seized to carry out the execution.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

433

Mr. Catherick, and another priest named John Lockwood,
were laid on a hurdle, and dragged through the streets of York
to the place of execution, where they were hanged, drawn, and
quartered, April 13, 1642.
His head was placed on Micklegate Bar, and bis bowels, or
rather the fragments of them, were buried at Toft Green.
Challoller, i}Ic1Jtoirs
. Peacock, Yorkshire Papists.
Catherine of Arragon, fourth daughter of Ferdinand and
Isabella, King and Queen of Castile and Arragon, was born
in I 4 8 5.
Henry VII. of England bad always cultivated with par-
ticular solicitude the alliance of the Castilian monarch, and the
more strongly to cement the friendship had proposed a
marriage between his eldest son, Arthur, Prince of Wales, and
Catherine, the daughter of Ferdinand. Eventually, when
Arthur had completed his twelfth year, the marriage ceremony
was performed in the chapel of the royal manor of Bewdley,
where Catherine was represented by her proxy the Spanish
ambassador.
By treaty Ferdinand had previously promised to give to the
princess a portion of two hundred thousand crowns, and Henry
had engaged that his son should endow her with one-third of his
present income, and one.third of the income of the crown, if he
should ljve to wear it.
She was nine or ten months older than Arthur, and when
the latter had completed his fourteenth year, Henry demanded
her of her parents.
Catherine landed at Plymouth, after a wearisome voyage, and
she was met at Dogmersfield by the king, where also she renewed
to Arthur the contract which had been made by her proxy; and
the marriage ceremony was performed at St. Paul's, Nov. 14,
1 50 I. The castle of Ludlow, in Shropshire, was assigned for
their residence, where the Court of the Prince and Princess
represented in miniature the Court of their royal parent.
But within four months the hopes of the nation were un-
expectedly blighted by the premature death of the accom-
plished young prince.
Ferdinand and Isabella were anxious to preserve the friend-
ship of England, and hastened to propose a marriage between
their widowed daughter and ber brother.in.law, Prince Henry.
VOL. I. F F

434

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Negotiations were opened with the English monarch, but it
proved as difficult to satisfy the avarice of Henry as to wring
money from Ferdinand, and a year elapsed before it was
finally agreed that the marriage should be contracted within
two months after a dispensation from the Pope had been
obtained, and that it should be solemnized when the young
prince had completed his fourteenth year.
In the meantime, in 1509, the capricious and rapacious
monarch died, and his son, Henry VIII., ascended the throne.
Immediately after his accession, the king assured the Spanish
ambassador of his undiminished attachment to Catherine, and
of his intention to bring the question of their marriage before
his Council. To the objection drawn from the affinity between
the parties were opposed the force of the Papal dispensation,
and the solemn assertion of Catherine, which she was ready to
confirm by her own oath, and by the attestation of several
matrons, that her former nuptials with Arthur had never been
consummated. With the unanimous assent of the Council,
Henry was publicly married to the princess by the Archbishop
of Canterbury, June 3, 1509.
When Henry married the Princess Catherine she was in her
twenty-sixth year. The graces of her person derived additional
lustre from the amiable qualities of her heart, and the
propriety of her conduct, during a long period of trial and
suspense, had deserved and obtained the applause of the whole
Court.
She bore him three sons and two daughters, all of whom
died in their infancy, except the Princess Mary, who survived
both her parents, and afterwards ascended the throne.
For several years the king boasted of his happiness in
possessing so accomplished and virtuous a consort, but Catherine
was older than her husband, and subject to frequent infirmities;
the ardour of his attachment gradually evaporated; and at last
his inconstancy or superstition attributed to the curse of heaven
the death of her children and her subsequent miscarriages.
Yet even while she suffered from his bad usage, he was
compelled to admire the meekness with which she bore her
afflictions, and the constancy with which she maintained her
rights. The Queen bad lost his heart; she never forfeited his
esteem.
It was the passion for Anne Boleyn that first determined

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

435

Henry to raise the question of the lawfulness of his union with
Catherine, which was no sooner communicated to Cardinal
Wolsey, than he offered his aid, and ventured to promise
complete success.
The circumstances which induced Clement VII. to at first
appear to comply with Henry's request for a divorce are too
intricate to relate in this brief sketch. Cardinals Campeggio
and Wolsey were appointed the Pontiff's legates to bear the
cause.
The court met in the Parliament chamber at the Blackfriars,
and summoned the King and Queen to appear on June 18, 1529.
The latter obeyed, but protested against the judges, and
appealed to the Pope. The court continued its sittings into
following month, when it was dissolved, and Clement revoked
the commission of
he legates.
Five years had rolled away since Henry first solicited a
divorce, three since he began to c-Ohabit with Anne Boleyn,
and on Jan. 25, I 533, he privately married her.
Cranmer was raised to the vacant Archbishopric of Canter.
bury for the purpose of effecting what Henry could not obtain
from the Pontiff.
Catherine was cited to appear before him at Dunstable,
within four miles of where she resided. The Queen did not
appear, and the servile Archbishop pronounced his judgment
that the marriage between her and Henry was null and invalid,
in l\::lay, 1533.
Shortly afterwards Clement annulled the sentence given by
Cranmer, and excommunicated Henry and Anne, unless they
should separate or show cause why they claimed to be con-
sidered as husband and \'..rife, and ultimately, in March, 1534,
pronounced a definite sentence, declaring the marriage of
Catherine and Henry lawful and valid, condemning the pro-
ceedings against the Queen of injustice, and ordering the King
to take her back as his legitimate wife.
But it mattered little whether Clement pronounced in favour
of Henry or against him. The die was already cast; Act after
Act derogatory to the Papal claims was debated and passed
in Parliament; and the kingdom was severed by legislative
authority from the communion of Rome.
During her last three years Catherine with a small estab.
lishment had resided on one of the royal manors.

FF2

43 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

In most points she submitted without a murmur to the royal
pleasure; but no promise, no intimidation, could induce her to
forego the title of Queen, or to acknowledge the invalidity of
her marriage, or to accept the offer made to her by her
nephew of a safe and honourable asylum, either in Spain or
Flanders.
It was not that she sought to gratify her pride, or to secure
her personal interests; but she still cherished a persuasion that
her daughter IVlary might at some future period be called to
the throne, and on that account refused to stoop to any conces-
sion which might endanger or weaken the right of the Princess.
Mary, from the time of the divorce, had been separated from
her company, that she might not imbibe the principles of her
mother.
Enfeebled by mental suffering, and feeling her health decline,
the Queen repeated a request, which had often been refused,
that she might see her daughter, once at least before her
death.
Henry had the cruelty to refuse this last consolation to the
unfortunate Catherine, who from her death.bed dictated a short
letter to "her most dear lord, king, and husband," conjuring
him to think of his salvation, forgiving him all the wrongs
which he had done ber, and recommending their daughter
Mary to his paternal protection.
As he perused the letter, the stern heart of Henry was
softened; he even shed a tear, and desired the bearer of
the missive to bear to her a kind and consoling message.
But she died before his arrival, at Kimbolton Castle, Jan. 6,
153 6 .
She was buried by the king's direction with becoming pomp
ill the Abbey Church of Peterborough.
The reputation which she had acquired on the throne did
not suffer from her disgrace. Her affability and meekness, her
piety and charity, had been the theme of universal praise; the
fortitude with which she bore her wrongs raised her still higher
in the estimation of the public.
Lingard, Hz"st. of Ellg., 1849, vols. iv. and v.
I. The Traduction of the Princesse Kateryne, daughter to the
Right High and Mighty Prince the Kinge and Quene of Spayne.
(Lond. 1501), R. Pynson, B.L., 4to.
A programme of the ceremonies appointed to be observed at the landing

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

437

of the Princess, her entry into London, and her marriage with Arthur, Prince
of Wales. Printed in the Somers Tracts, vol. ii., 1752, 4to.; also vol. i.,
edit. 1809, 4to.
2. Harpsfield's Narrative of the Divorce of Hen. VIII. from
Queen Catharine of Arragon, s.l. (1877), sm. 4to., pp. 123. The philo-
biblion publication by Lord Acton. This narrative, first published by
Nicholas Harpsfield, LL.D., in his" Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica," con-
tains many things which do not appear in the original publication, and is
perhaps one of the most valuable works on the subject.
3. Histoire du Divorce de Henri VIII. et de Catherine
d' Arragon. Arnst. (Paris) 1766. Izmo. \Vritten by the Abbé Trail.
4. Catharine of Arragon and the sources of English Reforma.
tion. Translated from the French of A. Du Boys. Lond.
1881. 8vo.
5. A Treatise on the pretended Divorce between Henry VIII.
and Catharine of Arragon, by N. Harpsfield. Camden Society,
1878. 4to.

Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England, Infanta of
Portugal, born Nov. 14, 1638, was the daughter of John, Duke
of Braganza, and sister of Alphonso, King of Portugal. She
arrived in England, May 13, 1662, and on the 20th of the
same month her marriage with Charles II. was celebrated after
the Catholic rite by her almoner, Stuart d'Aubigny, in a private
room at Portsmouth, in the presence of Philip, afterwards
Cardinal Howard, and of five other witnesses pledged to pro-
found secrecy. Thence the king led her to the hall, and the
Bishop of London pronounced them married in the name of
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
Catherine had no children, and during the whole of the
dissolute monarch's life was subjected to the most painful
mortifications.
Notwithstanding the prejudice against her religion, by her
continual study to please her husband, the meekness with
which she bore her wrongs, and the dignity and grace with
which she performed the duties of her station, she grew daily
in the esteem of the public.
In 1678 it was a part of the plot against the Catholics to
accuse the Queen of high treason, which was actually done by
the infamous Oates at the bar of the House of Commons, but
the Lords, in spite of Shaftesbury's protests, were not so easily
deceived as the Commons, and the charge was therefore buried
in silence.
\Vhen the king died, Feb. 6, 1685, the Queen retired to

438

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

Somerset House, where she kept a very edifying Court,
and continued to reside there during the short reign of
James II.
At the Revolution she resolved to leave England and return
to her native country, but William III. visited her at Somerset
House, Dec. 3 I, 1688, and gave her his reasons against such a
course, and she was not permitted to depart until March, 1692.
She then returned to Portugal, and was appointed Regent
during the imbecility of her brother, Don Pedro.
She died Dec. 3 I, 1705, in the 67th year of her age.
Dodd, Ch. His!. vol. iii. ; LÙlgard,His!. ofEllg.,ed. 1849, vol. ix.
I. To the most illustrious Prince his Highnesse James, Duke
of York. A Votive Song for her sacred Majesties happy arrival.
Lond. (1661 ?), s. sh. fo1. By Edmund Gayton.
2. An exact and true relation of the landing of Her Majestie
at Portsmouth, together with a perfect account of her Marriage,
&c. Lond. 1662, s. she fo1. In verse.
3. Upon our Royall Queen's Majesties most happy arrivall.
By J. Wenlock. Lond. 1662. 4to.
4. A joyous welcome (in verse) to the Queen of Brides,
Catherin, the Royal Consort of Charles II., King of Great
Britain, presented to Her Majesty upon the river Thames, at
her first coming with the King to London, Aug. 23, 1662. (Lond.
1662), fo!. By W. Austin, of Gray's Inn. Also by the same author,
õ'Triumphans Hymnæus. A Panegyrick to the King and Queen's Majestie
upon their passing upon the river of Thames, coming from Hampton Court
to White Hall, Aug. 23, 1662." Lond. (1662), fol., in verse, pp. 39.
5. Flowers Strewed by the Muses against the coming of the
Infanta of Portugal, Catharina, Queen of England. Lond. 1662,
4to., by J. Crouch, in verse.
6. Iter Lusitanicum; or, the Portugal Voyage, with what
memorable passages intervened at the shipping and in the
transportation of Katherine, Queen of Great Britain, from
Lisbon to England. By S. H. Lond. 1662. 4to., in verse. Also
" A Poem Royal to Charles 11., King of Great Britain, and Catharine his
Consort, on their marriage. By J. L." Lond. 1662, s. she fol.; "A Panegyrick,"
by L. Reynolds, &c.
7. An Heroick Poem to the sacred Majesty of Catharine,
Queen Dowager (on the death of King Charles II.). Lond.
1685. 4to.

Catesby, Robert, Esq., of an ancient and opulent family,
which had been settled for many generations at Ashby
St. Legers, in Northamptonshire, and was also possessed of
considerable property in .the county of \Varwick, was, on his' own

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

439

confession, the sole author and leading spirit of the Gunpowder
Plot.
He was the son of Sir William Catesby, Knt., in whose time
the family estate was worth over L 3,000 a year, but being
a Catholic, and often in prison for his faith, it was impaired
by fines and impositions when it came into the possession of
his son.
Abandoning the ancient worship, the young man indulged
in all the licentiousness of youth, and wasted his fortune by his
follies and extravagance.
In I 598 he was reclaimed from his wild career and was
reconciled to the Church, to which, though he did not practise,
his opinions had always inclined; and from that moment it
became the chief subject of his thoughts to liberate himself and
his brethren from the iron yoke under which they groaned.
He now discarded his previous habits and company, and
began instead to use daily practices of religion and lead a good
life, insomuch that his former companions marvelled at the
change, for he concealed his reconciliation to the Church for a
long time.
When the Earl of Essex made his ill-directed attempt to
overrule the statesmen in power, about three years before the
Queen's death, Mr. Catesby Joined in the enterprise, having
previously stipulated with the Earl for a policy of liberty of
conscience, and on this understanding he also induced some
other Catholics to join.
In this affair Mr. Catesby displayed such valour, and fought
so long and stoutly, as to gain the respect and commendation
of swordsmen engaged in that affray. He was wounded and
captured, but succeeded in obtaining his liberation on paying a
ransom of
3.000.
After recovery from his wounds his circle of acquaintance
and friends was much increased, and his popularity was very
great. This he turned to such use that he was enabled to win
many of the aristocracy to the Catholic faith, and he lost no
occasion in which he could show his fervency, leading a life
which gained him much esteem.
But wanting in patience and longanimity, Mr. Catesby
deceived not only himself but others in his zeal.
His expectations of a relaxation of the persecution with
the advent of James to the throne were disappointed, and, when

440

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

instead the penal laws were increased and Catholics subjected
to all kinds of cruel molestations through the supremacy of
the Puritan faction, Mr. Catesby conceived that most wrong
and fatal remedy which the enemies of Catholicity were so
ready to father on the whole party.
He then revealed his preposterous scheme to four others,
and subsequently six more were made acquainted with the con.
spiracy, though it did not meet with the approval of some of
them. All attempts to elicit ecclesiastical approval, or even
countenance, either directly or indirectly, had failed, and the
conspirators acted entirely on their own blinded judgment.
The plot was to blow up the Parliament House packed with
the Puritans nominally representing the people, with the King,
and the Lords.
It is not necessary to enter into the details of its attempted
execution. Let it suffice that it was discovered through a
warning sent to Lord Monteagle, the brother-in-law of one
of the conspirators, who at once communicated with the
Government, and on Nov. 5, 1605, a little after midnight,
Guy Faukes was seized in a vault under the Parliament
House, in which were two hogsheads and above thirty barrels
of gunpowder.
A part of the scheme was to seize the Princess Elizabeth,
but on the apprehension of Faukes this was no longer an
object, and Catesby, with those of his accomplices who had
remained in London, traversed in haste the country to
Holbeach House, in Staffordshire, the residence of one of the
conspirators, where they resolved to die rather than yield them-
selves to the knife of the executioner.
On the 8th of November the house was surrounded by the
Sheriff and a strong force. Mr. Catesby going out into the
court, took from his neck a gold cross, and kissing it, held it
up to the people, protesting before them all that it was only
for the honour of the Cross, and the exaltation of that faith
which honoured the Cross, that he had been moved to undertake
the business; and this done, placing himself back to back with
Mr. Percy, the two chief conspirators drew their swords and
refused to surrender. N one of their adversaries dare engage
with them, but a musketeer standing behind a tree shot them
both with one bullet, and Mr. Catesby fell to the ground mor-
tally wounded.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

44 1

He crawled on his knees into the house, and there died
embracing and kissing a picture of our Blessed Lady.
Such was the tragical end to which this unfortunate man was
hurried in his mistaken zeal. Had he taken advice with
those whom he so much revered, and acted in accordance with
the principles of his faith, he had truly been worthy of the
highest esteem, and an honour to any nation.
He was liberal and charitable, and ever ready to help any
one in distress. He was about thirty-five years of age, in person
standing above six feet, and though slender, was well propor-
tioned to his height. As for valour and swordmanship he
yielded to none.
Morris, C01zditiOll of Catholics under James I.,. LÙzgard,
His!. of Eng., ed. 1849, vol. vii.; Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. ii.

Catton, William, D.D., O.S.F., was a Professor of
Theology in the University of Cambridge, where he was held
in high esteem. The date of his death is not recorded, but he
was alive in I 530, and probably for some years after.
P'itts, De IIll/s. Allgl. Scriþ!.
I. Super Magistrum Sententiarum. Lib. 4.
2. Quæstiones Theologicæ. Lib. 2.

Cellier, Elizabeth, a noted midwife in London, wife of
Peter Cellier, a Frenchman, had been brought up a Protestant,
but became a convert to the Catholic Church.
The persecution raised in 1678 by the publication of the
infamous plots of Oates and others, manufactured with the
express object of throwing odium on the Catholic body to serve
political ends, brought dire distress and filled the prisons with
innocent sufferers.
Mrs. Cellier in her profession came in contact with a large
circle of ladies of distinction, and being charitably disposed,
she made use of her acquaintance to collect funds for the relief
of the imprisoned Catholics. She had frequent access to Lady
Powis, the wife of Earl Powis, a Catholic lady who was
anxious to assist all in distress. Among others, this good
lady had been very kind to Thomas Dangerfield, a notorious
scoundrel and an adept at imposition.
His character being detected, Lady Powis struck him out of
her charitable list, and the man in revenge, though too late to

442

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

take a leading part in Oates' plot, undertook to make a further
discovery of Catholic affairs, in the expectation of a reward from
the Government.
Narratives being the fashion of the day, and very effectual
expedients to raise the passions of the people, Dangerfield
concocted one of his own, in which he stated, that, being a
prisoner for debt, he was relieved, and at length obtained his
discharge, through the assistance of Lady Powis, Mrs. Cellier,
and others, on condition that he would engage to assassinate
the king, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and some others who were
enemies to the Papists. He was, moreover, to be employed in
bribing witnesses, concocting plots, and forging treasonable
papers, to be privately distributed in the houses of certain
persons who had distinguished themselves against the Catholic
cause.
Dangerfield drew up this narrative with great care, and
adroitly prepared seeming corroboration of his statements. It
was received with so much credit that Sir William Waller was
ordered to search. Mrs. Cellier's house. There, sure enough,
a draft of one of these sham plots was discovered in a meal-
tub.
The purport of this document was to allege treasonable
practices against some leading Protestants, including the Duke
of Monmouth, the Earls of Shaftesbury, Essex, Halifax,
Radnor, and vVharton, Lord Grey, Sir Thomas Armstrong,
Colonel Blood, and, above all, Sir Thomas Waller himself, the
very man who conducted the search. N ow this design,
Dangerfield swore, was a Papist contrivance, and more especially
that of Lady Powis.
Several Catholics were arrested-the Earl of Castlemain,
Lady Powis, Mr. Rigault, John Gadbury, and Mrs. Cellier.
Mrs. Cellierwas brought to trial, June I I, 1680, and charged
in the indictment with high treason. The chief, almost the
only. evidence against her, was Dangerfield himself, who was
proved to be such an infamous criminal that the Court refused
to admit his testimony. He had been outlawed for felony, and
that offence not being included in his pardon, Mrs. Cellier was
found not guilty, and Dangerfield himself was committed into
custody until he could find bail to answer for his good behaviour
and the act of felony. Mrs. Cellier behaved with such spirit
and presence of mind at her trial, that she gained the admira-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

443

tion of all present, and the vile character of her infamous
accuser induced many to say that, certainly, the gaols must
have been ransacked throughout the kingdom to discover
villains to undertake the work. He was equally unsuccessful
against Lady Powis, the jury finding the bill ignoramus.
Yet, this dark intrigue to some extent answered the purpose
of the party in whose interests it was concocted. It apparently
added a certain amount of credit to the grand plot, and served
to sustain the excitement and fervour of the people, who were
beginning to be weary of the constant rumours of diabolical
designs and conspiracies.
Though Mrs. Cellier had hitherto triumphed over her
enemies, it was not long before the attack was renewed,
and this time from another quarter. She was accused of
being the author or publisher of a work entitled, "Malice
Defeated; or, a Brief Relation of the Accusation and Deliver-
ance of Elizabeth Cellier," and being again brought to trial,
she was condemned to stand in the pillory, to pay a fine
of one thousand pounds, and to find sureties for her good
behaviour.
This sentence was passed by Baron Weston and Recorder
Jeffreys. The book was declared to be a libel against the
King, the Ministry, and the Protestant religion. The most
obnoxious statements in the book were, that Prance and
Francis Corral, the coachman, had been put to the torture
and compelled by duress to become witnesses in the case of
Sir Edmundbury Godfrey's death, and that the Ministry
encouraged notorious villains to destroy persons of approved
merit and honesty. The confessions of Prance and Corral
certainly bear out Mrs. Cellier's statement.
Dodd, CIt. His!.
1. Malice Defeated; or, a Brief Relation of the Åccusation and
Deliverance of Elizabeth Cellier. Together with an Abstract of
her Arraingment and Tryal, written by herself. Lond. 1680. fo!'
The following are some of the attacks which this pamphlet elicited:-
U A Letter from the Lady Creswell to Madam Cellier the Midwife, on the
publishing her late vindication, &c. Also, A Whip for Impudence; or, a
Repartee to the Midwife's Matchless Rogue," &c. (1680), fo!., published
under the pseudonym oi Madam Cresswell; "Thomas Dangerfield's Answer
to a certain lying pamphlet, intituled, Malice Defeated; or, the Deliverance
of Elizabeth Cellier," Lond., 1680, fo!.; "Mr. Prance's Answer to Mrs.
Cellier's Libel," &c., Lond. 1680, fol.; "The Midwife Unmasked; or, the

444

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Popish design of Mrs. Cellier's Meal-tub plainly made known, being a second
Answer to her scandalous libel," Lond. 1680, fol.; "Modesty triumphing
over Impudence; or some notes upon a late romance published by Elizabeth
Cellier, midwife and lady errant: together with the Depositions of R. Adams
against her before his Majesty," &c., Lond. 1680, fol.; "The Scarlet Beast
stripped naked, being the Mistery of the Meal-tub, the second time un-
ravelled, or a brief Answer to the Popish Midwives scandalous narrative,
intituled, Mallice Defeated," &c., Lond. (1680), fol.; "To the praise of Mrs.
Cellier, the Popish midwife: on her incomparable book," Lond. J680

s. she fo1.; verses relative to the Meal-tub Plot.
2. The Tryal and Sentence of Elizabeth Cellier for writing,
printing, and publishing" Malice Defeated," &c. Lond. 1680. fo1.
Other pamphlets touching her imprisonment and sentence were published :
" Mistriss Celier's Lamentation for the loss of her liberty. (Her CordiaL)"
Lond. 1681, s. sh., fo1. in verse; "The Devil pursued, a satyr upon Madam
Cellier's standing in the Pillory, by a Person of Quality," Lond. 1680, s. she
fol. in verse; "The Pope's Letter to Madam Cellier in relation to her
great suffering;; for the Catholick Cause. And likewise Maddam Cellier's
Lamentation standing on the Pillory," Lond. 1680, S. she fo1.
3. Mr. Thomas Dangerfield's Second Narrative; wherein is
contained a faithful charge against the Lady Powis, Mr. Starn.
ford, and Mrs. Cellier, relating to the murther of Sir E. Godfrey,
and the late plot made by the Papists to be cast upon the
Protestants, &c. Lond. 1680. fo1.
"The New Popish Sham-Plot Discovered; or, the cursed Contrivance
of the Earl of Danby, Mrs. Cellier fully detected," &c. (1681 ?) s. she fo1. ;
"Newgate Salutation; or, a Dialogue between Sir W. \V(aller) and Mrs.
Cellier," (1681 ?) S. she fo1. ; "The Complaint of Mrs. Celiers, and the Jesuits
in Newgate, to the E(arl) of D(anby) and the Lords in the Tower, concern-
ing the discovery of their new Sham-Plot," Lond. (1681 ?) s. sh. fo1.
4. Iro Dr. -. An Answer to his Queries, concerning the
Colledge of Midwives. (Lond. 1687-8). 4to. By Mrs. Cellier.

Chadwick, James, D.D., Bishop of Hexham and New-
castle, \vas the third son of John Chadwick, of Preston, co.
Lancaster, who married an Irish lady, Frances Dromgoole, of
Louth, and settled at Drogheda, in Ireland.
Mr. John Chadwick was the second son of Francis Chad-
wick and his wife, Mary Taylor. Francis was the third son of
John Chadwick, of Birkacre, within Chorley, gent., and
his wife Ellen Wareing, who were married Aug. 14, 17 1 7.
Francis Chadwick settled in Preston, where his sister Ellen had
married Richard Blundell, the representative of an old Preston
Íamily. Here he established himself in business and resided
in Lord Street, and also at Plungington House, near the
present cattle-market. The ground at the back of his house

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

445

in Lord Street, now the site of the covered market, is still
known as Chadwick Orchard. After the death, without issue,
of the three sons of his eldest brother, Thomas Chadwick, who
had acquired Burgh Hall, Duxbury, near Chorley, through his
marriage, in 1744, with Eleanor Maria, daughter and heiress
of Matthew Cragg, of Cammerton, co. Cumberland, and
Burgh Hall, co. Lancaster, Gent., by Margaret, daughter and
heiress of Thomas "Vhaley, of Heskin, yeoman, the estates of
Burgh Hall and Birkacre passed to Francis Chadwick, the
younger, eldest son of the previously-named Francis Chadwick,
of Preston, and they were sold by his widow, Margaret,
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Whitehead, Rector of Eccleston,
who died March 3 I, I 857, aged 8 I. Her son, John Frederick
Chadwick, Esq., purchased the Hermitage estate, Alston,
near Preston, and married Alice, daughter and co-heiress of
Robert Gillow, of Clifton Hill, Forton, Esq., and died March 8,
1857, aged 54.
J ames Chadwick was born at Drogheda, April 24, 18 I 3, and
entered Ushaw College, May 26, 1825, where he was ordained
priest, Dec. 17, 1836. He was appointed General-Prefect,
and afterwards was successively Professor of Humanities,
Mental Philosophy, and Pastoral Theology, and continued to
reside at Ushaw until 1850. He then joined a community of
missionaries, established at St. Ninians, Wooler, co. Northum-
berland, and for nearly seven years gave missions in most of the
larger towns in the North of England, till the community was
broken up by a fire which destroyed their house and chapel,
with all their books and effects. This occurred while Dr.
Chadwick was giving a mission at Preston.
Returning to U shaw, he spent the next three years, from
1856 to 1859, as a Professor in the College, and then for four
years was chaplain to Lord Stourton. He again returned to
Ushaw in 1863, as Professor of Mental Philosophy, which he
taught for a year, and then began a course of pastoral theology.
His knowledge of ascetic theology brought him into
constant communication with religious communities, and he
frequently gave retreats in convents.
Having already been made a Canon of Beverley, on the death
of Dr. Hogarth, Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, he was
elevated to that See, and was consecrated at Ushaw, Oct. 28,
1866. Subsequently, when Dr. Tate died, he returned to

44 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

U shaw as President, at the same time retaining the adminis-
tration of his diocese, and he held that office for a year.
He died May 14, 1882, aged 69.
The Chad wicks are said to have been descended from one of
the several families of that name in East Lancashire; they are
not traced at Birkacre before the commencement of last
century. The Bishop's great-uncle, the Rev. John Chadwick,
born April 27, I 728, was the fourth son of J Ohll Chadwick,
of Birkacre, whose will is dated April 6, 175 I, and was
educated and ordained priest at Douay College, where he
remained for some time as Professor of Poetry and Rhetoric.
After leaving Douay, he was appointed to the mission of Lady
Well, Fernyhalgh, but about 1769 removed to Burgh Hall,
near Chorley, the seat of his brother Thomas. The latter had
three sons, John, Thomas, and Edward, who all appear to have
died without issue, when the estate passed, as previously stated,
to their cousin, Francis Chadwick, e]dest son of Francis
Chadwick, of Preston.
Burgh Hall had always been in Catholic hands,. and for many
generations had been the seat of the Rigbys, the last of whom,
Sir Alexander Rigby, Knt., disposed of it for ;C I 9,200, about
the commencement of the last century. The chapel in the
house had consequently been regularly served, and after the
Chadwicks took possession it was maintained by them. In
1770, Mr. John Chadwick was elected a member of the
Chapter, and when Bishop Walton, previous to his death
in 1780, applied for a coadjutor, proposing three persons, he
was the second on the list. Bishop Matthew Gibson, however,
was appointed, and he made Mr. Chadwick his Vicar-General
of the Northern district. When Cardinal Weld, in 1774,
presented the church with a property near Chorley, for the pur-
pose of establishing a more permanent mission, Mr. Chadwick
removed there, and the chapel was named Weld Bank. Here
he remained until his death, Oct. 17, 1802, aged 74.
Northern Calendar, 1883,. Brady, Episc. SuccessiolZ" Gillozv,
Lanc. Recusallts, .111 S.
I. Cælum Christianum, &c., by C. Leuthner. Edited by Dr.
Chadwick, Lond. 1871,8vo.
2. St. Teresa's Own Words; or, Instructions on the Prayer of
Recollection, arranged from her Way of Perfection, by the Bishop
of Hexham and Newcastle. Newcastle (1878), 8vo.
3. Pastorals.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

447

Challoner, or Chalner, John, confessor of the faith, a
gentleman in Yorkshire, was thrown into prison in York Castle
on account of his religion, where he died, June 7, 1582. His
wife Isabel suffered in the same cause, and died in the same
prison, surviving her husband only a few weeks, July 23,15 82 .
Their children, \Villiam and Bridget, were as staunch as their
parents. Though both weak and sickly, they endured at least
eight years' imprisonment in York Castle, about the same time
as their parents. They appear also to have been reduced to
poverty, and in 1604 are returned in the list of Yorkshire
Papists as living in Boudgate.
The name is sometimes spelt Chauner or Chalmare.
.ltforris, Troubles, Third Series,. Peacock, Yorkshire Paþists,
16 0 4.
Challoner, Richard, D.D" Bishop, son of Richard
Challoner, a wine cooper, and his wife, Grace Willard, both
Protestants, was born at Lewes, in Sussex, Sept. 29, 169 I.
His father was a rigid Presbyterian, and had his son baptized
by a minister of that persuasion. He soon afterwards,
however, died, and his mother became successively housekeeper
in the families of Sir John Gage, of Firle, in Sussex, and
George Holman, of Warkworth, in Northamptonshire, Esq., and
her son was permitted to accompany her.
Both of these ancient families were Catholic.
ir. Gother
was then the chaplain at Warkworth, and Mrs. Challoner
having become a Catholic, her son was instructed in his religious
duties by that eminent clergyman, and was recommended for
one of Bishop Leyburn's foundations at Douay College by Mr.
Gother and Mr. Holman's wife, Lady Anastasia, daughter of
the celebrated Lord Stafford who was beheaded in 1680, a
victim of the infamous Oates Plot.
The boy arrived at Douay, July 3 I, 1704, and in due course
became a 1iinor-Professor and taught rhetoric and philosophy
in 1712 and the following year. He was ordained priest,
March 28, I 716, and in April, 1719, was made Bachelor and
Licentiate in Sacred Theology. He continued teaching phi-
losophy until he was appointed Vice-President, in 1720, and was
created D.D. in 1727.
After having been six-and-twenty years at the College, Dr.
Challoner left Douay, Aug. 18, 1730, and came on the English

44 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

miSSIOn. He was stationed in London, where his pen was soon
engaged in historical, ascetical, and controversial literature.
When Dr. Robert Witham, the President of Douay, died,
May 29, 1738, the Professors desired that Dr. Challoner should
succeed him, but Dr. Petre, the Vicar-Apostolic of the London
district, who was growing old, petitioned the Holy See to
appoint him to be his coadjutor.
A controversy arose concerning the question whether Dr.
Challoner should be promoted to the coadjutorship or sent to
Douay, and it was terminated by Dr. Petre's threat to resign
the London district altogether, and retire into private life, if
his request was refused.
The Bishop's application was mentioned in Propaganda
Congregation in July, 1739, and again in the foIlowing month.
After the Pope had given his approval, briefs were issued appoint.
ing him to the See of Debra ill þartibus, and to the coadjutor-
ship, in Sept. 1739. He was consecrated Jan. 29, 174 I .
Bishop Petre died Dec. 22, 1758, and Bishop Challoner
succeeded to the charge of the London Vicariate. Almost imme-
diately after this he was taken extremely ill, and he therefore
requested and obtained from the Holy See a coadjutor in the
person of the Hon. James Talbot.
Between the years I 765 and 1778, Dr. Challoner was much
annoyed and distressed by a vile informer named Payne, a
carpenter, who endeavoured to earn the reward of L I 00
accorded by one of the penal laws to any person who should
cause a priest to be convicted of having exercised his functions.
With this end in view, the scoundrel frequented, as often as
he could, the Catholic chapels of the metropolis, and even went
to Dr. Challoner himself, on the pretence of wishing to be
instructed in Catholic doctrine. When he thought he had
obtained by his hypocritical practices sufficient acquaintance
with the persons and names of Catholic priests, he applied for
warrants to the Lord Mayor, but met with a refusal from that
worthy official, who also dissuaded the Bishop of London from
lending countenance to such base designs. Payne then pre-
sented bills of indictment to the grand jury, and procured
warrants from the court in the Old Bailey for the arrest of two
persons whom he denounced as priests. These warrants, and
many others similarly obtained, were executed, and several of
the clergy of London were dragged from the very altar, carried

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

449

before the magistrates, and detained in custody until they could
procure bail for their appearance.
In consequence of the system of persecution pursued by
Payne and his factors, some of the chapels were closed; one
priest, John Baptist Malony, was condemned to imprisonment
for life; several others had to fly ; and Divine worship was
seriously interrupted. Bishop Challoner himself was prosecuted
by Payne, and narrowly escaped a trial at the Old Bailey. The
Bishop, with four priests and a schoolmaster, were all indicted
on the same day for celebrating their respective functions, and
gave bail for their appearance. But Payne, to save himself
expense, had forged some copies of subpænas, and four of these
forgeries were in the possession of the accused. Fearing the
consequences of a prosecution for forgery, Payne agreed with
the Bishop's attorney, in consideration of his forbearing to
prosecute him for the subpænas, to withdraw the indictments
against the Bishop and the five persons indicted with him. The
terms of this agreement were observed, and the Bishop was not
further molested, but numbers of other priests, including the
coadjutor bishop, the Hon. James Talbot, brother of the Earl
of Shrewsbury, were indicted. Many of these prosecutions
failed, because Payne very often indicted the priests under the
wrong names. Bishop Talbot, upon a fourth indictment, was
brought to trial at the Old Bailey, Feb. 27,1771, for having,
on the previous June 10," exercised part of the office and
function of a Popish bishop, against the statute." He was
acquitted because the evidence was insufficient to convict him,
the court, as L<?rd IVlansfield had done in former trials, doing
as much as possible to secure that end.
Bishop Challoner, notwithstanding these harassing persecu.
tions, continued to officiate and preach to his flock in his
private auditory, and established schools and asylums within
his district by the aid of charitable persons. And he continued
to write useful books and pamphlets in defence of Catholicism.
The Act of 1778, repealing certain enactments ofWilIiam III.
and Queen Anne, subjecting Popish priests and schoolmasters
to perpetual imprisonment, and preventing Papists from inhe-
riting or buying lands, put a stop to such prosecutions
as that of Payne, and was an immense relief to all Catholics.
For now they were permitted to subscribe to an oath of
allegiance to the Crown, without acknowledging ecclesiastical
WLL GG

450

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
.

supremacy or declaring against transubstantiation, either of
which implied apostasy and renunciation of Catholicism.
This relaxation of the penal laws was due to political emer-
gencies. England, at war with France and America, and
fearing a descent upon Ireland by the Spaniards, was desirous
to conciliate the Irish Catholics, and granted a Relief Act,
which was passed in the Irish Parliament. A similar Act was
then passed in the English Parliament, and Catholics went in
thousands to take the oath, and demonstrate their allegiance to
their king, and attachment to their country.
The Protestant sectaries, however, were bitterly hostile to
any measure tending to emancipate Catholics. They formed
a "Protestant Association," with the object of petitioning for a
repeal of the Relief Act of 1778.
This conduct of the dissenting sectaries was the more dis-
graceful, inasmuch as they had already obtained an Act of
Toleration for themselves, and had always been loud pro-
claimers of the doctrines of civil and religious liberty. Filled
with hatred of the smallest indulgence granted to Catholics,
they held meetings in many parts of London, and spoke and
wrote the most atrocious libels against Catholicity.
Great numbers joined this Association, which had for its
president Lord George Gordon, a nobleman of little discretion,
urged on by ignorant fanaticism.
At length, on Friday, June 2, 1780, the members of the
Protestant Association presented their petition to the House of
Commons for the repeal of the slight concessions granted to
Catholics. Their numbers were estimated at from fifty to a
hundred thousand, and they met at St. George's Fields, the
site of the present Cathedral, Southwark, at 10 A.M., and were
paraded in divisions, marching with flags and banners. Lord
George Gordon joined them at eleven o'clock, and the proces-
sion proceeded to the Houses of Parliament. It soon became
evident that the petition was but a cloak for ulterior designs.
The processionists began to insult and maltreat the members
of both Houses the moment of their arrival, and in a few hours
threw off all restraint and manifested themselves to be one of
the most formidable bodies of rioters ever assembled in London.
At about ten o'clock at night the work of destruction com-
menced. Part of the mob went to the Sardinian Ambassador's
Chapel, in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and wrecked and

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

45 1

burned it. Another division attacked the Bavarian Ambas-
sador's Chapel in Warwick Street, Golden Square, and would
probably have utterly destroyed it had not the soldiers inter-
fered. The chapel in Ropemakers' Alley, Moorfields, was
attacked on the Sunday evening, and the furniture, and that of
three Catholic houses, was burned. During the following three
days the mob of the Protestant Association obtained complete
mastery of London, and destroyed the Catholic chapels in
Virginia Lane, \Vapping, and in Nightingale Lane, East Smith-
field. The schools in Moorfields and in Charles Square,
Hoxton, were attacked, and the prisons of N ewgate, Clerken.
well, the King's Bench, and the Fleet, were broken into, and
the prisoners let loose. The mob set fire to Newgate, IV[r.
Langdale's Distillery, Holborn, Sir John Fielding's house in Bow
Street, the prisons of the Fleet and King's Bench, many public
buildings, and several houses belonging to Catholics, and
attempts were made to plunder the Pay Offices and the Bank.
Those persons who had occasion to walk in the streets put on
a blue cockade, and blue flags were hung out at the doors or
windows of almost every house in the metropolis. \Vithout
this badge of riot there was no safety. Moreover, the watch.
word, "No Popery," was written on various parts of the houses.
Emissaries of the Association were despatched to the pro-
vinces to raise the same cry, and succeeded to some extent,
particularly in Bath and Hull.
The rioters had intended to seize the person of Bishop
Challoner and burn his house, but the Bishop was persuaded to
go to the country-house of Mr. William IV[awhood, situated at
Finchley. This gentleman had also a house in London,
whither he went daily to ascertain the progress of events, and
it was from him that Mr. Barnard gathered most of the par-
ticulars, concerning this dreadful time, related in his Life of Dr.
Challoner.
Although the Bishop escaped personal violence during these
riots, he suffered much anxiety. He was ncarly ninety years
of age, and the affliction which he felt when he found his
chapels demolished, and many Catholics deprived of the means
of public worship, and even the place where he himself used to
preach, burned to the ground, preyed upon his spirits, and con-
tributed to accelerate his death.
He lived little more than six months after tbe termination
GG2

45 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

of the riots. He was seized with a stroke of palsy, Jan. 10,
1781, and with another, two days later, when he was released
from his mortal troubles.
He was buried in the church of Milton, in Berkshire, in com-
pliance with the request of Mr. Brian Barrett.
Dr. Challoner was a man of learning and extensive abilities,
and some of his works show very great research, and are
written with extraordinary care.
The memory of few men is held in greater veneration.
Barnard, Life of Bp. Cltalloller
. Brady, Episc. SuCCCSSi01l;
Mawltood, Diary, .1I1S.
I. Think Well on't; or, Reflections on the Great Truths of the
Christian Religion for Every Day in the Month, 1728, 12mo.; Lond.
Thomas Meighan, 1744, 4th edit., title I f., directions 2 ff., pp. 7-190,
contents I f. ; still a stock book with publishers. \Vritten at Douay College.
2. The Grounds of the Catholic Doctrine ascertained in the
Profession of Faith. Published by Pope Pius IV., by Way of'
Question and Answer. 1732, 12mo. ; 1747 ; 1752, 12mo., 7th edit., title I f.,
pp. 60; Lond. 1823, 24mo., pp. 96, 12th edit, ; (1825 ?) 12mo. ; (1868) 181110.;
often reprinted.
3. The Unerring Authority of the Catholick Church in Matters
of Faith, maintained against the exceptions of a late Author, in
his Answer to a Letter on the subject of Infallibility ; or, a Theo-
logical Dissertation in which the Infallibility of the Church of
Christ is demonstrated from innumerable 'I'exts of Scripture,
from the Creed, from the Fathers, and perpetual Tradition. To
which are prefixed Eight Preliminaries by way of Introduction
to the true Church of Christ. 1732; 1735; Lond. 1736, 8vo.; Dublin,
1829, 8vo.; frequently reprinted. .
4. A Short History of the flrst beginning and progress of the
Protestant Religion. Gathered out of the best Protestant
Writers, by Way of Question and Answer. 1733; 1753, 12mo. ; 1753,
12mo., 7th edit.; 1767, 8vo.; Lond. 1803, 13th edit. 12mo.; Lond. IS41,
8vo.; translated into Italian, 1790, 12mo.
5. A Roman Catholic's Reasons why he cannot Conform to the.
Protestant Religion. 1734.
6. A Profession of the Catholic Faith with the chief grounds of
the controverted Articles. 1734, 12mo. Probably a slightly varied
edition of NO.2.
7. The Touchstone of the New Religion; or Sixty Assertions of
Protestants tried by their own Rule of Scripture alone, and con.
demned by clear and express Texts of their own Bible. 1734; To
which is added the" True Principles of a Catholic." Lond. 1788 ; 1816, 121110.,
9th edit.; Liverpool, 1822, 16mo., pp. 12; Lond, 1823, 12mo., 10th edit.;.
1838, 8vo., vol. i., Cath. Institute Tracts.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

453

8. The Young Gentleman instructed in the Grounds of the
Christian Religion. 1735.
9. A Specimen of the Spirit of Dissenting Teachers, in their
Sermons lately preached at Salters Hall, &c., by Philalethes.
Lond. 1736, pp. 226.
10. The Catholick Christian Instructed in the Sacraments,
Sacrifice, Ceremonies, and Observances of the Church, by Way
of Question and Answer. Lond. 1737, 16mo., pp. xxiv. 261, contents
3 pp.; Lond. 1753, 12mo.; Lond. 1798, 14th edit., 12mo.; Dublin, 1837,
l2mo.; Lond. Burns & Oates, 1881, 16rno.
This was elicited by Dr, Conyers Middleton's "Letters from Rome,
showing an exact Conformity between Popery and Paganism: or, the Religion
of the present Romans derived from that of their Heathen Ancestors," which,
though utterly ridiculous, has been several times reprinted.
I I. The Rheims Testament, with Annotations and Proofs of the
Doctrines of the Catholic Church, taken from the writings of the
Holy Fathers, and a copious Index to point out those Proofs in
every matter of Controversy. Lond. 1738, folio, edited in conjunction
with Fr. Francis Blyth, Disc. Carme.
12. The Following of Christ, newly translated into English.
Lond. 1737, I2mo.; 1744, 12mo.; Manchester, Thomas Haydock, 1800, 8vo. ;
revised and corrected by the Rev. Dr. Coppinger, Cork, 1814, 12mo.; Lond.
1829, 16mo.; 1833; 1841; 1842; 1854; 1858; 1871; 1874; 1875.
13. The Garden of the Soul; or, a Manual of Spiritual Exer-
cises and Instructions for Christians, who (living in the World)
aspire to Devotion. (1740 ?). Lond. Thomas :vIeighan, 1743, 12mo.,
3rd edit.; Lond. \V. Needham, 1757, 12mo., corected and enlarged by the
author, 7th edit.
This work quickly became, and is yet, the most popular prayer-book, and
it has passed through innumerable editions. It was chiefly compiled from
the Manual and Primer, its name being suggested by the Hortus Animæ.
Dr. Challoner, in issuing this work, does not appear to have contemplated
supplanting the two ancient prayer-books in use by the laity, the
1:anual
and Primer, both of which are almost unknown to the present generation.
14. St. Augustine's Confessions: or, Praises of God in Ten
Books, newly translated into English from the Original Latin.
(1740 ?); 1762; often reprinted.
15. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and other Catholics of both
sexes, that have suffered death in England on religious accounts,
from the year 1577 to 1684, carefully collected from the Accounts
of Eye-witnesses, cotemporary Authors, and Manuscripts kept
in the English Colleges and Convents abroad. Part I. Containing
an Account of those that Suffered from the year 1577, till the end
of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, who died in 1603. Part II.
Containing an Account of those that Suffered from the year 1603,
the First of James I., to the year 1684, the last of King Charles II.
Part I. 1741, Part II. 1742, 2 vols. sm. 8vo.; Manchester, Thomas Hay-
<lock, 1803, 8vo. 2 vols., with vignette view of Douay College and two
engravings of the Martyrdoms of Edm. Cenings and Edm. Arrowsmith, two

454

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Douay priests, best edit,; Philadelphia, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.; Lond. Thomas
J ones, 184
, 8vo., with Appendices and a Supplement embracing brief notice
of individuals executed during the reign of Henry VIII.; new edition, with
woodcuts and a life of the author, 2 parts; ditto, 2nd edit., 1844, 8vo.;
Derby, Thomas Richardson & Son, 1843-4, 2 vols. 12mo., with illus. title-
pages and frontispieces; Dublin, C. M. \Varren, 1874, 8vo., very badly and
incorrectly printed; Edinburgh and London, 1878, 4to., 2 vols. (in one), illus.
with 20 litho. engravings, and valuable preface by T. G. Law, of The Oratory,
London, but the value of the work is greatly impaired by the omission of the
authorities. In this invaluable historical work, Challoner had the assistance
of Alban Butler, whose large collection of " Memoirs of Missionary Priests"
is now at Oscott College, and from which Challoner's accounts are often only
extracts. He was also greatly assisted by Cuthbert Constable, of Burton
Constable, Esq., the possessor of many valuable MSS. (including the vast
collections on this subject by the Rev. John Knaresborough), to whom he
alludes in the Preface to the second vol. In 1825 appeared "A Complete
Modern British Martyrology; commencing with the Refonnation. In two
vols., including the years from 1557 to 1684. To which are added the
Penal Laws passed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and other important
documents. Embellished with engravings drawn on the wood by \V. H.
Craig, Esq." Lond., Ambrose Cuddon, 8vo. ; again, Lond., Keating, Brown
& Co., 1836, 8vo., in 3 parts, with Cuddon's blocks. Part I., comprising
memoirs of the clergy and others who suffered during the reign of Hen. VII I.,
taken from various sources, in which Cuddon was very probably assisted by
Dr. Oliver, pp. 112; Parts II. and II I., as in Challoner, and an Appendix
containing the Penal Laws. Cuddon's work was originally brought out in
parts, commencing June I
, 1824.
16. The Grounds of the Old Religion; or, some General
Arguments in Favour of the Catholick, Apostolick, Roman
Communion. Collected from both Antient and Modern Contro.
vertists, and modestly proposed to the Consideration of his
Countrymen. By a Convert. Printed at Augusta, 1742, sm. 8vo.; 1746,
J2mo.; Augusta, 1751, l
mo., title I f., pref. 3 ff., pp.182, contents 3 ff.;
Lond., J. P. Coghlan, 1797, with beautiful medallion head executed by
J. Nagle, and a short sketch of the life of the author by Dr. Milner; Lond.
1798, Izmo., 5th edit.; Dublin, 1808, Izmo., with an Appendix.
17. A Letter to a Friend concerning the Infallibility of the
Church of Christ, in answer to an humble Address to the
Jesuits. 1743. Izmo.
18. Britannia Sancta; or, the Lives of the most celebrated
British, English, Scottish, and Irish Saints, who have flourished
in those islands from the earliest times of Christianity down to
the change of Religion in the 16th Century. Faithfully collected
from their ancient Acts, and other records of British History.
Lond., Thomas Meighan, 1745, 4to., 2 vols., pp. 388 and 335.
19. A Papist Misrepresented and Represented, or a Two-fold
Character of Popery-the one containing a sum of the supersti-
tious idolatrous Cruelties, Treacheries, and wicked Principles
laid to their charge; and other laying open that religion to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

455

which those termed Papists own and profess, the chief Articles
of their Faith, and the Principal Grounds and Reasons which
attach them to it. Selected from the original of the Rev. John
Gother, by the late Ven. and R. R. Richard Challoner, D.D. Derby,
24mo., pp. 100, frontispiece.
Dr. Challoner edited Gother's works about 1746, in some ten vols., printed
by Meighan. The above is an abridgment of Gother's work, and went through
more than a score editions. Lond. 1798, 12mo.; 1820, 12mo.; 1825, 12mo.;
1843, 12mo.; 1845, 32mo. ; 1855, 12mo.
20. The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
Translated out of the Latin Vulgat: diligently compared with
the original Greek and first published by the English College of
Rhemes anno 1582. Newly revised and corrected according to
the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures. With Annotations for
clearing up modern controversies in Religion and other difficul.
ties of Holy Writ. 1749. 12mo.
21. The Holy Bible translated from the Latin Vulgat;
diligently compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and other
Editions in divers Languages, and first published by the English
College at Doway anno 1609. Newly revised and corrected
according to the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures. With
Annotations for clearing up the Principal Difficulties of Holy
Writ. 1750, 5 vols. 12mo., including the second edition of the New Testa-
ment; 1752; 1763-4; all the preceding editions were issued s.1., same size
and type, but were apparently printed by Thomas Meighan; Lond.,
Coghlan, 1772, 5th edit.; 1777, 6th edit.; 1823, 8vo.; (1830 ?), 4to.;
(1847 ?), 8vo.
22. Remarks on Two Letters against Popery. 1751.
23. Instructions for the time of the Jubilee, anno 1751. With
Meditations. In order to determine the Soul to turn from Sin
to God. To Fix her in a happy Resolution of dedicating her.
self henceforward in good earnest to the Love and Service of
her Maker. 1751, 16mo., pp. xii. 96.
24. Mandate to the Clergy, Oct. 5, 1753, on occasion of a Breve
Pontificium of Benedict XIV. 1753.
25. Considerations upon Christian Truths and Christian
Duties, digested into Meditations for every Day in the Year.
1753; Lond., 17 6 7, sm. 8vo.; 1784, 4 vols. 12mo.; Manchester, Thomas
Haydock, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo., best edition, with portrait of the author;
Lond. 1866, 8vo.; Lond., Burns & Oates, 1880, 8vo., pp. xxii. 554, edited
by Mgr. Virtue; yery frequently reprinted. This work has perhaps been the
most popular book of Meditations.
26. The Wonders of God in the Wilderness; or, the Lives of
the most celebrated Saints of the Oriental Desarts, faithfully
collected out of the genuine Works of the Holy Fathers. 1755,
8vo.; Lond. 1804, 8vo.; "The Lives of the Fathers of the Eastern Deserts;
or, the \Vonders of God in the \Vilderness. Edited by M. A. S. To which
is added an Appendix containing a collection of Anecdotes of the Eastern
Solitaires." New York, 1852. 12mo.; two title-pages.

456

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

27. The Life of the Holy Mother St. Teresa, Foundress of
the Reformation of the Discalceate Carmelites. Edited from
an early Translation from the Spanish. Lond., 'V. Needham, 1757,
8vo., pp. 374.
It is merely an abridgment, as the author says in the preface, of
Abraham \V oodhead's Life of St. Teresa.
28. A Manual of Prayers and other Christian Devotions.
Revised and corrected with large Additions. Lond., Thos.
Meighan, 1758, I
mo. This was from the edition of 1688, called the Prince
of 'Vales's Edition, and has the preface verbatim. It went through several
editions bearing Dr. Challoner's initials, 1764, 1768, 1772, 1775, 1800, 8vo.;
and 1802, I2mo.; 1819, 12mo., pp. 600. It is often called "The \Vhole
Manua!."
29. A Caveat against the Methodists. Lond. 1760. To which is
added the" Catholick Devotion to the B.V.M." Lond. 1788. 12mo.
30. The City of God, of the New Testament, or a Short
Abstract of the History of the Church of Christ, from its first
foundation to this day, with the succession of its chief Bishops,
&c. Lond. 1760, 12mo.; 1788.
31. A Memorial of Ancient British Piety; or, a British
Martyrology, giving a short account of all such Britons as have
been honoured of old amongst the Saints, or have otherwise
been renowned for their extraordinary Piety and Sanctity. Lond.,
\V. Needham, 1761, sm. 8vo., pp. 216, with" A Supplement or Additions and
Amendments to the British Martyrology," pp. 50.
32. The Morality of the Bible. Extracted from all the
Canonical Books both of the Old and New Testament. For the
use of such pious Christians as desire to nourish their' souls to
eternal life with daily meditating on the Word of God. Lond.
1762, sm. 8vo., pp. vi. 466, index pp. xiv.; Lond. 1823, 12mo.; Phila-
delphia, 1827, 12mo.
33. Philothea; or, an Introduction to a Devout Life, by
S. Francis de Sales. Newly translated into English. From the
original French according to the last Edition, revised and col'.
rected by the Saint himself a little before his death. Lond.,
'V. Needham, 1762, 12mo., pp. 403; Lond. 1770, 2nd edit.; 1794, 12mo. ;
frequently reprinted. The first English translation of this admirable work
was made by}. Y. (John Yates, S.}.), John Heigham, 1613, 2nd edit.
16mo., engr. title-page, ded. to Anne Roper (a nun), daughter of Sir 'Villiam
Roper, cf \ VeIl Hall, Eltham.
34. The Devotion of Catholics to the Blessed Virgin truly Stated.
Lond. 1764, 12mo.
36. A Short Treatise on the Method and Advantage of with.
drawing the Soul from being Employed on Creatures, in order to
occupy it on God alone, by F. J. Chrysostome. Translated from
the French. Lond. 1765, 12mo. ; Lond. 1769; 1820, 12mo.; 1849, 32mo.;
('ften reprinted.
37. God everywhere present. Written in French by that

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

457

Venerable Servant of God, Dr. Henry Mary Boudon, Archdeacon
of Evreux, who died in the Odour of Sanctity, Aug. 31, 1702.
Translated. Lond., Thomas Meighan, 1766, 16mo., pp. 62; 18H, 12mo. ;
Lond., 1820, 12mo
3 8 . Rules of Life for a Christian who desires to Live H olily and
Die Happily. Lond. 1766; Lond., Coghlan, 1788, 12mo.
39. Abstract of the History of the Old and New Testament.
Lond. 1767, 12mo.; 1800, 12mo.
40. A Short Daily Exercise, with Devotions for Mass, Confes.
sion, and Communion; abridged from the" Garden of the Soul,"
and published for the use of the Poor; to which is added Thirty
Meditations, one for every Day in the Month, on the most moving
Truths of Christianity, in order to determine the Soul to be quite
in Earnest in the Love and Service of her God. Lond. 1767, 16mo. ;
Lond. 1769, 3rd edit.
4 1 . Pious Reflections on Patient Sufferings. Lond. 1767. 12mo.
42. Instructions for Lent. Land. 17 6 7.
43. Exhortations to Paschal Communion. Lond.17 6 7.
44. A New Year's Gift, 1767, &c. A Sermon or Spiritual Treatise
published at the beginning of every year.
45. The Scripture Doctrine of the Church.
46. An Abridgement of the Christian Doctrine, or First Cate.
chism.
47. A Pastoral Instruction for the Apostolic Fast of Lent. By
R. C. Land., J. P. Coghlan, n.d., sm. 8vo., pp. 3 6 .
48. A Funeral Discourse on the Death of the Venerable and
Most Rev. Bishop Challoner, preached by Dr. Milner (on Numb.
xxiii. 10). Land. 1781. 8vo.
49, The Life of the Ven. and R. R. Richard Challoner, D.D.,
Bishop of Debra, and V.A., collected from his Writings, from
Authentick Records, and from near Twenty Years' Personal
Acquaintance with him. By Mr. James Barnard. Lond., J. P.
Coghlan, 1784, 8vo., medallion portrait, sometimes a larger one; 1793. 8vo.
The Rev. James Barnard was V.G. of the London District.
50. A Brief Account of the Life of the late R. R. Richard Chal.
loner, D.D., Bishop of Debra, and Apostolical Vicar of the
Southern District. By the Rev. John Milner, F.S.A. Lond. 1798. 12mo.
5 I. Portrait, medallion, by J. Nagle, sm. 8vo.
52. Portrait, the Ven. and R. R. Richard Challoner, D.D., Lord
Bishop of Debra, V.A. Pub. Nov. I, 1784, by J. P. Coghlan, 8vo.
53. Portrait, the R. R. Richard Challoner, D.D., full-length, mitre
and crozier, pub. in his Meditations, 1843, 12mo. A similar portrait, 48mo.,
lace edges, was issued as a memorial card, immediately after his death.

Chamberlain, George, Bishop of Ipres, born at Ghent, in
Flanders, in 1576, was the son of George Chamberlain, Esq.,
by his wife l\1:ary Pring, daughter of a citizen of Ghent. His
father was the second son of Sir Leonard Chamberlain, of

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Oxfordshire, Governor of the Isle of Guernsey, who died in
Queen Elizabeth's reign.
His parents gave him a good education, and at an early age
he decided to embrace an ecclesiastical life. His brilliant
acquirements promoted him to the highest preferments. He
was successively Canon, Archdeacon, and Dean of St. Bavan's
in Ghent, and in 1626, on the decease of Antony de Hennin,
he was consecrated Bishop of I pres.
About this time the elder branch of his family who resided
at Sherbourne, in Oxfordshire, ended in a daughter who married
John Nevil, Baron of Abergavenny. Bishop Chamberlain was
the next heir male to the very extensive family estates, and he
came over to England, not to prefer his claim, however, but to
resign it, in order to confirm the title of the heiress and prevent
other pretenders. This generous proceeding was only in accord-
ance with his general character.
He governed his diocese with great edification, and died
much lamented, Dec. 19, 1634, aged 58 years, 1 month, and
I 9 days.
He was one of the ablest preachers of his day, and he dis-
tinguished himself in the pulpit in five different languages. He
was held in great esteem.
Dodd, Clt. His!.
I. He is said to have published several works, the titles of which have not
been recorded.

Chamberleyne, Francis, O.S.B., was probably a nephew
of Dr. George Chamberlain, the Bishop of Iprcs, whose father,
George Chamberlain, Esq., was living in exile at Ghent in
1575, on a pension granted by the King of Spain. They were
of the family seated at Sherbourne Castle, co. Oxford.
He resided as a gentleman in Ghent for many years, and at
length became a lay-brother in the Benedictine Monastery at
St. Malo, \vhere he was professed, and died June 17, 1669.
Douay Diaries
. S1l0-W, Belled. Necrology.
I. The Royal Penitent, or the Psalmes of Don Antonio. Trans-
lated into English by Fr. Ch. Lond. 1659. 24mo. Don Antonio,
calling himself King of Portugal, was the Prior of Crato.
2. Pensez-y Bien, or, Think well on it; containing the short,
facile and assured Means to Salvation, dedicated unto those who

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

459

desire to enjoy the happy Eternity. Translated into English by
Francis Chamberleyne, Esq. Gante, 16ó5, 12mo., pp. 131, ded. to the
Lady Marie Knatchbull, Abbess of the English Benedictines at Gant.

Chambers, John, O.S.B., Abbot and Bishop of Peter-
borough, was a native of Peterborough, and from that circum-
stance is sometimes called Burgh. He was professed in that
Abbey, and studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and
in the latter University took the degree of IVLA., i.o I 505. He
was elected Abbot of Peterborough in I 528, on the decease of
Robert Kirton.
He acknowledged the king's supremacy, in 1534, sur.
rendered his monastery in 1539, and in reward was constituted
guardian of the temporalities, with an annual pension of
;(,226 I 3S. 4cl., and 100 loads of wood. He proceeded B.D.
at Cambridge in the same year, and on the Abbey of Peter-
borough being converted into an episcopal See, Sept. 4, 154 I,.
he, being then one of the king's chaplains, was appointed
Bishop, and was consecrated Oct. 23, in that year.
He appears to have complied with the times in the reigns of
Henry VIII. and Edward VI., but recovering himself under
Queen l\1:ary, died Feb. 7, 1555-6, and was buried in the choir
of his cathedral.
It is said that he was appointed by the Convocation of 1540
to revise the translation of the Book of Revelations, but this is
doubtful, as at that date he was neither Abbot nor Bishop.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
. Cooper, A thell. Calltab.

Chambers, Robert, D.D., a native of the diocese of York,
arrived as a boy at the English College, Rheims, Dec. 3 I,
1582. After
eceiving minor Orders he set out with other
students to proceed to the English College at Valladolid, but
was captured, with three companions, by" the heretics," and
kept in strict confinement for some days. On their release, his.
companions returned to Rheims, but Chambers, nearly worn
out by starvation, remained at Paris, and after recovering his.
health arrived at his alma mater, Aug. 25, 1592. In the
following January he was sent to Rome, and was admitted
into the English College, Feb. 24, I 593. Here he was ordained
priest, April 9, 1594.
In I 599 he was appointed to be the first chaplain to the

460

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

English Benedictine nuns at Brussels, when that community
was established. Thus he continued until 1628, and then
retired to a benefice which was granted to him somewhere in
Flanders, and died there shortly afterwards.
Dr. Chambers was a man of singular prudence and great
experience, of which there can be no better instance than his
appointment, jointly with Dr. Cæsar Clement, by the Cardinal
Protector, to the remarkable Visitation of Douay College in
1612. The consequence of this Visitation was that several
grievances were redressed which the clergy had felt oppressive
for some years.
Dodd, CIt. Hist./ Foley, Records SJ., Roman Diary
. Douay
DiarÙs.
I. Palestina, written by Mr. R. C. P. and Bachelor of Divinitie.
A Legendary and Allegorical Romance founded on the Gospels.
Florence, 1600. 4to.
2. Miracles lately wrought by the Intercession of the Glorious
Virgin Marie at Mont-aign, nere into Sichem in Brabant.
Gathered out of the public instruments, and informations taken
thereof. By Authoritie of the Lord Archbishop of Maclin.
Translated out of the French copy into English by M. Robert
Chambers, Priest and Confessor of the English Religious Dames
in the Citie of Bruxelles, dedicated to King James the First.
Antwerpe, 1606. Svo.
It contains a long preface, and elicited an attack from Robert Tynley,
"Two learned Sermons; in the second are answered many of the
Arguments published by R. C. concerning Popish Miracles." Lond.
1609. 4 t o.

Chambers, Sabine, Father S.J., was a native of Leicester-
shire, born in I 559-60. He entered Broadgate Hall, Oxford,
where he took the degree of M.A. in 1583. In 158 I he had
amongst his pupils John Rider, afterwards Protestant Bishop of
Killaloe, in Ireland. After his conversion to the Church he
retired to Paris, and there entered the Society in 1587.
Fr. Persons appointed him Superior of the Jesuit College he
had established at Eu, in Normandy, which, however, was
closed in Dec. 1588, after the death of its patron, the murdered
Duke of Guise. After teaching theology at Dðle, in the
Rhenish Province, for several years, he was sent to the English
mission in 1609, and seems to have principally laboured, if not
entirely, in the London district.
Here he died, l\Iarch 10 or 16, 1633, aged 73.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

461

Foley, Records SJ., Collectallea
. Dodd, C/z. Hist./ OIÙ.'er,
Collectallea S J.
I. The Garden of our Blessed Lady; or, a Devout Manner how
to serve her in her Rosary. Written by S. C., of the Soc. of Jesus.
(St. Orner?) 1619. 8vo.
2. Other works, according to \V ood (" Athen. Oxon."), printed abroad.

Chambre, John, M.D., ecclesiastic, a native of Northum-
berland, was designed for the priesthood in early life. In 1492
be was elected to a fellowship of Merton College, Oxford, and
about that time was presented to the church of Tychmarsh, in
Nortbamptonshire. Having proceeded M.A., he travelled
through Italy in 1502, and settling at Padua, graduated in
physic in that university.
On his return to England he was appointed the K.ing's
physician. In 1508 he was presented by the widow of Lord
Scrope to the church of Bowden, in Leicestershire, and became
canon of \Vindsor in I 5 10. In 1522 he obtained the prebend
of Combe and Harnham, in the church of Sarum, and two
years later was collated to the archdeaconry of Bedford, In
1526 he was elected warden of Merton College, to which he
was a benefactor. On Oct. 29, 1531, he was incorporated
doctor of physic at Oxford. In 1536 he subscribed to the
Articles of Faith, in a convocation of the clergy, as dean of the
collegiate chapel of St. Stephen's, \Vestminster.
He was the first in order of the six physicians specially
mentioned in the letters patent of Henry VIII. for the founda-
tion of the Royal College of Physicians of London in I 5 I 8.
He stood high in the estimation of his Sovereign, of which his
pluralities in the Church may be received as proof, and though
he appears to have gone with the times in the earlier days of
the Reformation, it is most probable that he lived to repent
the part he had taken. He appropriated a portion of his
wealth to the Church, from which he had obtained it, by
building cloisters to his collegiate chapel at an expense of
11,000 marks, and this splendid act of liberality was done at a
time when benefactions for such purposes were growing out
of use.
Though surviving the foundation of the College of Physi-
cians for more than thirty years, he was but once elected to any
office, namely, to tbat of Censor, in I 523.
Weary of the changes in religion which he himself had

462

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

helped to bring about, he resigned the wardenship of Merton
in I 544, and, in the following year, the treasurership of the
cathedral church of Bath and \tVells, of which he had been
long possessed. He held likewise the archdeaconry of Meath,
from which he was exempted residence by letters patent of
Henry VIII., on account of his attendance on the king in
quality of physician. He succeeded Linacre in this station,
when the health of the latter precluded his residence at Court.
Dr. Chambre died in I 549, and was buried in the church
of St. lVlargaret, \tVestminster, having lived to regret the
destruction of the very buildings which he had reared at such
great cost, and the appropriation of the revenues of his deanery
to the augmentation of his royal master.
11fzl1lk, Royal ColI. of P/zysicimrs
. Dodd, C/z. Hist.
I. Pharmacopæia of Plasters, Spasmadraps, ând Unguents,
ccmposed jointly with Dr. Butts, Dr. Cromer, and Dr. Aug, principally for
the King's use. Sloane ::WSS. Brit. Mus., No. 1047.

Champney, Anthony, D.D., descended from an ancient
Yorkshire family, was born in or about 1569. He was sent to
the English College at Rheims in I 590, where he passed
through his classics with great fdat, completed his philosophical
studies, and was admitted to minor Orders in Feb. 1592.
Subsequently he and several others were sent to Rome, in Jan.
1593, in order to pursue their theological studies in the English
College there.
He was one of the majority of the students who objected to
the government of the College by the Jesuits, and petitioned
for their removal, and is referred to in Cardinal Sega's report
in 1596.
Having been ordained priest, he appears to have proceeded
to the English mission, and was soon apprehended and impri-
soned in \Visheach Castle. He was one of the thirty-three
clergymen who signed the Appeal against Blackwell, the Arch-
priest, Nov. 17, 1600, dated from Wisbeach, and he was also
one of the thirteen missioners whose signatures appear to
the Protestation of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth, Jan. 3 I,
160 3.
In the list of U Yorkshire Papists," in 1604, it is stated that
CI ffrances Barneby, son of Tho. Barneby, Esq., and Parcival
Champney, otherwise popishly called Anthony, being both

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

463

. Semynary priestes, have resorted dyvers tymes this xij rnoneths
last past to the houses of Thomas Barneby, Esq., and IVlargaret
Champney, widow," in the parish of Caiethorne. Mrs. Champney
was probably his mother, and two of his brothers, Charles and
.Nicholas, and other members of the family, are mentioned.
He was released by the Government in order to ail ow bim
to proceed with the other deputies of the Appellant clergy to
Rome, and they arrived there in the beginning of 1602, and in
the matter of this appeal against Blackwell and the Jesuits
Champney took a very active part.
After leaving Rome he resolved to continue his academical
studies, and for that purpose settled in the University of Paris,
where be took his degree of D.D., and was elected a Socius,
or Fellow, of the Sorbonne, which gave him the privilege
of an apartment in that College, a favour rarely granted to
foreigners.
For some time he presided over the Englisb College of
Arras, a small community of English priests, who had estab-
lished themselves in the suburbs of Paris, and devoted their
time to writing and publishing books of controversy.
Soon after Dr. Kellison's appointment to the Presidency of
Douay College, on the removal of Dr. Worthington, in 1613,
the Cardinal Protector, by a special deputation, named Dr.
Champney his assistant in the position of Vice-President, and,
accordingly, he proceeded to Douay, April 25, 1619.
Besides the duties of Vice-President, he also gave a lecture
in divinity, and so continued until, at the request of the Arch.
bishop of Mechlin, he removed to Brussels and occupied the
place of Robert Chambers as confessor to the English Bene-
dictine nuns in that city. In this capacity he continued for
three years, until Sept. 23, 1628, and then he returned to
Douay to resume his former position.
Subsequently, he was called over to England, where, in con-
sideration of his great merit, he was chosen a canon of the
Chapter, and, in 1637, was appointed to the deanery, vacant
by the death of Mr. Edward Bennet.
He lived to a great age; the precise date of his death has
not been recorded, but he was still alive in Jan. 1643.
Dr. Champney was a tall spare man, endowed with a strong
constitution, and able to endure great labour. He was a
learned theologian, and was engaged in several sharp contro.

4 6 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

versies, in which his adversaries had strong reason to acknow-
ledge his abilities..
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,. Doltay Diaries
. Peacock, Yorkshire Papists.
I. An Answer to a Letter of a Jesuited Gentleman, by his
Cousin A. C., concerning the Appeal. (Rouen?) I60
. 4to.
\Vritten from his prison in \Visbeach against one of the publications
issued by the Jesuit faction.
2. A treatise on the insufficiency of Cardinal Cajetan's first letter to Black-
well, printed in "The Copies of Certaine Discourses," 1601, vide \Villiam
Bishop. For the Archpriest Controversy vide Blackwell, Bluet, Bagshawe,
Colleton, Charnock, Clarke, Lister, Mush, Persons, \Vatson, &c.
3. A Manual of Controversies. By A. C. S. Paris, 1614. 8vo.
A few years later Richard Pilkington published a reply to this work,
entitled, "The New Roman Catholick, and Ancient Christian Religion com-
pared: in Answer to a Pamphlet by A. c., called a Manual of Controversies,"
Lond. 16IS.
4. A Treatise of the Vocation of Bishops, and other Eccle.
8Ï.:tsticall Ministers. Proving the Ministers of the pretended
Reformed Churches in Generall to have no calling: Against
Monsieur du Plessis and Mr. Doctour Feild: And in particular
the pretended Bishops in England, to be no true Bishops, against
Mr. Mason. Douay, John Heigham, 1616, 4to., pp. 14 impag., pp. 326,4 pp.
Carthusian and Errata; ded. to Mr. George Abbato, called Archbishop of
Canterbury. This he translated into Latin: "De V ocatione Ministrorum
Tractatus; quo universos cujusvis prætensæ reformationis Ministros omni
penitus legitima vocatione destitui contra Plessæum & Fieldeam. Quo
etiam præsentes Angliæ superintendentes, qui sede Episcopales invaserunt
non esse veros Episcopos, contra IVlasonum & Godwinum clarè ostenditur,"
Lutetiæ Parisiorum, 1618. Svo. Dr. Rich. Field published" Of the Church,
four books," Lond. 1606, 4to., and the fifth book, with an appendix in three
parts, in 1610. The Rev. Fris. Mason's work was" Of the Consecration of
the Bishops in the Church of England: with their Succession, Jurisdiction,
&c. : as also of the Ordination of Priests and Deacons." Lond. 1613, fol.
Mason was chaplain to George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, who
engaged him to write the work.
The occasion of this controversy is related by Dodd. From the very first
days of the Reformation under Edward VI., Catholics had treated and looked
upon the Protestant clergy merely as laymen. This is manifest from the
writings of Harding, Sanders, Bristow, Stapleton, and others, and it is further
confirmed by the invariable practice of re-ordaining all Protestant clergymen
who joined the Catholic Communion and entered the ecclesiastical state.
This matter was never thoroughly debated until the reign of James I., when
it was occasioned by the revival of a quarrel between the Presbyterians and
the Church of England clergy. The former alleged that episcopacy had no
divine origin, that it was merely for political convenience and was purely
human in its establishment. The latter were divided in their opinion. Some
said it was an apostolical institution; others went further, and maintained it
to be a divine institution. But the difficulty which presented itself to the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

465

episcopal party, was how to support the latter assertion, which ml1st
necessarily fall to the ground without proof of the unbroken succession of
ordination, and this, of course, could only be derived through the Catholic
channel. To get over this difficulty it was necessary to attack the contrary
statements of the earlier Catholic writers, and prove the validity of the con-
secration of the-first Protestant bishops. If this point could be gained, they
flattered themselves that they would silence the Presbyterians as well as the
Catholics. Thus the Archbishop of Canterbury engaged his chaplain to
write the work referred to. Dr. Champney translated his reply into Latin.
l\Ir. Mason followed his example, and gave his work the title of "Vindiciæ
Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ," &c., with several additions and replies to Dr. Champney,
Fitzherbert, &c., Lond. 1625, fo1. It was, however, a posthumous work, for
Mr. Mason died in 1621.
Henry Fern many years later published "Examination of Anthony
Champney his Exceptions against the Lawful Calling and Ordination of the
Protestant Bishops," &c. Lond. 1653, 8vo.
5. Controversy with Dr. \Yilliam Reyner relative to the administration of
Arras College.
6. Mr. Pilkington his Parallel a Disparalled and the Catholicke
Roman Faith maintained against Protestantisme. St. Omers, 1620,
12mo. ; vide
o. 3.
7. A Defence of the Appendix to The Antidote, or Treatise of
thirty Controversies against Sectaries.
Fr. Sylvester Norris, S.}., wrote "The Antidote," partly in answer to
Dr. Richard Field, Dean of Gloucester, in 1618, who had published a treatise
"Of the Church," in four books, in 1606, and had added a fifth in 1610. Fr.
Norris published a second part in 1619, and in 1621 wrote his "Appendix."
The attacks on this work elicited from Champney the work given above,
which is referred to by Gee in his" Foot out of the Snare," 1624, but erro-
neously ascribed to Fr. Sweet.
S. An Answer to a Pamphlet (by D. Featley), intituled, The
Fisher catched in his owne Net. By A. C. 1623. 4to.
Dr. Daniel Featley, Provost of Chelsea College, published a second
edition of his work, "The Romish Fisher caught and held in his own Net,
with Appendix," Lond. 1624, 4to., which was an attempt to reply to Fr.
Fisher, S.}.
9. Controversy with Mr. \\ïnter, a secular priest, who informed against
him for being one of the thirteen clergymen who signed the protestation of
allegiance to Queen Elizabeth, and argued that for that reason he was not fit
to be trusted with the supervision of a religious community. Dr. Champney
proved the insignificancy of the exception taken against him, yet, for the
sake of peace, resigned his chaplaincy, Sept. 23, 1628.
10. Controversy with the Benedictines, more especially Fr. Leander à
Sancto Martino.
I I. A Volume of Sermons : preached chiefly in the Monastery of Bene-
dictine Nuns in Brussels. MS. formerly in the Carthusian library at Nieuport.
12. Legatum Fratribus suis CIeri Anglicani Sacerdotibus,
testamento relictum.. Printed at the end of Bishop Smith's "Monita

\'OL. 1.

HH

4 6 6

. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

quædam utili a pro Sacerdotibus Seminaristis missionariis Angliæ." Paris,
1647, 12mo.
13. A History of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Civil and ReH-
gious, ad annum Elizabeth 31. 1\1S., thick folio.
This valuable work is entirely in the handwriting of the author, and is
corrected throughout by him. It is preserved in the archives of the Old
Chapter at Spanish Place, London, and was largely used by Dr. Challoner
in "Memoirs of Missionary Priests." .

Chaplain, William, priest and confessor of the faith, was
a native of the diocese of Salisbury, and went to the English
College at Rheims in 1579. Here he was ordained, in 158 I,
and sent to. the English mission, where he was soon afterwards
apprehended and cast into prison.
He died in prison in 1583, but it is not stated where.
Doltay Diaries,. Challoller, Memoirs.
Chard, Thomas, O.S.B., Bishop, was a native of Devon-
shire, and was educated in the house of his Order at Oxford.
Being appointed coadjutor to Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter,
he was consecrated Episcopu.s Salu.briæ. Several benefices were
bestowed upon him to support his dignity; in 1512, the vicar-
age of Wellington, in Somersetshire; in I 5 I 5, the priory of
Montacute, in the same county; and in 1521, the rectory of
Tyntenhall, within the diocese of Wells, besides other benefices.
From the probate of his will, it appears that he died about
the year 1543.
Dodd, Ch. His/.
Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir, commonly
called the Young Chevalier by his adherents, and the Young
Pretender by his opponents, was born at Rome, Dec. 3 I, I 720.
He was the eldest son of James Francis Edward, Prince of
Wales, generally known as the Chevalier de S1. George, son and
legitimate heir of the unfortunate] ames II.
For some time Charles Edward served in Spain under Don
Carlos.
In 1743, Cardinal Teucin, Prime IVIinister of France, who it
is said had been recommended for the purple by the Chevalier
de S1. George, combined with the ] acobites in England and
Ireland to project a fresh attempt to recover the crown. The
Chevalier's advancing years and infirmities induced him to
surrender the undertaking to his son.

OF THE E'NGLISII CATHOLICS.

4 6 7

In 1744, it was decided that he should have the assistance
of 15,000 French troops, which were assembled on the coast of
Picardy, and transports were provided at Boulogne, Dunkirk,
and Calais, for conveying them to England.
l\larshal Saxe, who was appointed to command the expedi-
tion, was under the impression that because the towns were
rarely fortified the country would be easily subdued.
The French auxiliaries were to land on the coast of Kent,
where many J acobites were expected to rise, and at the
same time a squadron sailed from Brest to convey the
transports. But the squadron fled before the British fleet
under the command of Sir John Norris, and a violent storm
destroyed most of the transports, great part of the troops
being drowned.
The Prince returned to Paris, and in the following year
undertook once more to assert his claims. On July 16, I ï 45,
he landed on the coast of Lochaber, in Scotland, and,
supported by some of the nobles disaffected to the Hanoverian
family, published a manifesto at Perth proclaiming his father
king,
About 1,500 Highlanders immediately joined his standard,
at the head of whom he marched to Edinburgh, but though
he took the city, the castle resisted his efforts. By a sudden
and masterly attack he had the good fortune to defeat at
Preston pans, near Edinburgh, the forces which had hastened
to oppose him under Sir John Cope. This advantage in-
spirited the adherents of the Stuarts, and increased their
numbers to such a degree that they crossed the English
borders and invested Carlisle, which surrendered in less than
three days. From thence Charles advanced to Penrith, and
pushed on as far as Manchester, where he established his
head-quarters, and was joined by Co!. Townley and a number
.of Lancashire men.
Thence he pursued his course to Derby, with the intention
of going by way of Chester into \Vales, where he expected
to be joined by many of his partisans. This intention,
however, was overruled; nor did he, as he might have done,
march towards London, where he had numerous adherents
who would have welcomed his approach. Instead of this,
he wasted his time, and, on hearing of the arrival of the
Duke of Cumberland, made a precipitate retreat into Scot...
HH2

4 6 8

BIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

land, where, on Jan. 28, he defeated General Hawley at
Falkirk. The elation produced by this advantage was of
short duration, for the approach of the Duke of Cumberland
obliged him to retreat.
On April 16, 1746, the representative of the house of Stuart
and that of the reigning family encountered each other on the
plains of Culloden, near Inverness, to decide the fate of the
kingdom. The battle began about noon, when the English
artillery did terrible execution among the Highlanders, who
fought with desperation, but being unsupported by the French
auxiliaries were completely routed. The slaughter was dreadful,
anò to the disgrace of the victor, many of the Scotch were
butchered in cold blood.
Charles Edward escaped with great difficulty, and after
wandering from place to place, with a heavy price on his head,
for about five months, he got on board a privateer which con-
veyed him to France, where he landed, on Sept. 29, at Morlaix,
in Brittany.
\Vhen peace was declared between England and France
he was obliged to go to Rome, where he marrieå a
German princess of the house of Stolberg Guendern. In
1759 he visited London in disguise, and though his arrival
was well known to the Government, it was thought prudent
to take no notice of it.
He died at Florence, Jan. 3 I, I ï 8 8, leaving a daughter called
the Princess of Albany.
His only brother, Henry Benedict, the amiable and beneficent
Cardinal Duke of York, died at Rome in 1807, and thus the
male line of the Stuarts came to an end.

Rose, Biog. Diet. J' Cooper, Biog. Diet.

I. Charles, Prince of Wales, &c. A Proclamation of Prince Charles
Edward, offering [30,000 for the apprehension of the Elector of H:mover,
dated from the camp at Kin Cockheild, Aug. 22, 1744, in answer to the King's
proclamation for his apprehension. (Edin. 1745), s. she fo1.
2. Charles P. R.-Charles, Prince of Wales, &c., Regent of
the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, unto
all His Majesty's subjects of what degree soever, Greeting.
At Holyrood House, Oct. 10, 1745. (Edin. 1745), 4to.
3. A full Collection of all the Proclamations and Orders pub-
lished by the authority of Charles, Prince of Wales, since his

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 6 9

arrival in Edinburgh, Sept. 17, till Oct. 15,1745. Glasgow,:! parts,
1745, 1746. 8vo.
" Traduccion de la declaracion del Principe Carlos Eduardo concediendo
perdon general de todos los excessos que se han cometida, contra la casa
de Stuard," &c. (dated Nov. I, 1745). II. Edicion, aumentada con la carta
escrita de Bristol. (
Iadriò, 1745?) 4to.
The following are some of the tracts published against the Prince's
Declarations :-" Remarks on the Pretender's Declaration and Commission.
\Vith Appendices" (containing the commission of James Edward Francis
Stuart, appointing his son Regent of England, Ireland, and Scotland, toge-
ther with the declaration of the latter to the people), Lond. 1745, 8\'0., by
Phil. Carteret Webb; "Remarks on the Pretender's Son's second Declaration,
dated Oct. 10, 1745, by the author of the Remarks on the first Declara-
tion" (P. C. 'V ebb), Lond. 1745, 8vo., 2nd edit. ditto; "The True Briton's
Answer to the Pretender's Declarations," &c., Lond. 1745, 8vo., by Mon-
tanus (þselld.); "The English Protestant's Answer to the wicked sophistry of
some late treasonable Papers; and especially of the Pretender's Son's Decla-
rations, dated Oct. 10, 1745," Lond. 1745, 8vo.; "The Occasional \Vriter;
containing an Answer to the second )Ianifesto of Oct. 10, 1745," Lond. 1745,
Bvo., 2nd edit. 1746; "The pretended Prince of \Vales's Nlanifesto and
Declaration, dated Edinburgh, Oct. 14, 1745, dissected," &c. (by Edinophilus),
pp. 8, in " The Edinburgh Packet Opened," part 6, 1745, 8vo.; "The Cheva-
Jier Charles's Declaration," a political satire (Ed in. 1745), s. sh. fo1.
4. The Deèlaration and Admonitory Letter of such of the
Nobility and Subjects of His Majesty, as under the conduct of
Charles, Prince of Wales, have taken up arms, unto those who
have not as yet declared their approbation of this enterprise, &c.
(1745), fol.
5. To His Royal Highness Charles, Prince of Wales, &c.,
Regent of the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, France, and Ire-
land. A Congratulatory Poem. (Edin.) 1745, 4to. "Charly's my
Darling." "Brother Debtor," "1Iariners of England:! (songs), Falkirk, 1814,
I:!mo.; ,. \Vaes me for Prince Charly':' a Jacobite song; "A full Collection
of all Poems upon Charles, Prince of \Vales, published since his arrival in
Edinburgh, Sept. 17 till Nov. I, 1745," (Edin.?) 1745, 8vo.; "An Ode
compos'd in the year 1720 on the Birth of a Great Prince, Charles Edward."
&c. (Lond. 1745 ?), 4to.; .. Le Conquérrant d'Ecosse poème," Edinbourg
(Paris ?), 1745,8vo.
6. Narrative of Charles Prince of Wales's Expedition to
Scotland in the year 1745. By J. Maxwell. Glasgow, ::\Iaitland
Club. 1841, 4to.
"An Impartial History of the Rebellion in Scotland in the years 1745-6;
to which is added a J oumal of the Adventures and Escape of the Young
Chevalier after the battle of Culloden," Lond. 18-, 12mo., by Alex. Camp-
bell, :\I.A.; "The History of the Rebellion 1745 and 1746, containing all the
Declarations of the Pretender," &c., Lond. 1748, 8vo. ; ditto, with an Appen-
dix, containing the Pretender and his Son's Declarations," 1755. 121110.;
" A short and true Narrative of the Rebellion of 1745; beginning with the
Young Chevalier's en try into the \Vest of Scotland until his banishment

4ï O

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

out of France: together with the Trials of the Scotch Lords who were
beheaded on his Account," Edin. 1779. Izmo., pp. 181 ; "The History of the
present Rebellion in Scotland," by J. Macpherson; "The' 45" a lecture by
J. Sleigh; "The Forty-five," by P. H. Stanhope, fifth Earl of Stanhope;
" Journal on the Marches of the Prince Regent's Army, from the time they
entered England, N ov. 8, till their return to Scotland, Dec. :w, 1745," (Edin.?
1745), s. she foI. ; again (Edin. ? 1746), s. she foI.; "Narrative ofthe Chevalier,11
Lond. 1765. 8vo.
" A full Account of the late Battle fought at Gledsmuir, betwixt the Army
under the command of Charles, Prince of \Vales, &c., and that commanded
by Lieut.-Gen. Cope, on Saturday, Sept. 21, 1745," &c. (Edin.? 1745 ?), 8vo.;
"Occupation of Carlisle in 1745,11 by G. G. Mounsey; "A Letter to a
Gentleman in England from one in the Prince's Armyl1 (1745 ?), 4to.;
" A description of a Chart, wherein are marked out all the different Routes
of Prince Edward in Great Britain. And the Marches of his Army, and the
E-gl-sh. The Sieges are distinguished, and the Battles that were fought in
his enterprise," Edin. 1749, 12mo.; "The Young Chevalier, or a genuine
Narrative of all that befell that unfortunate Adventurer from his fatal defeat
to his final escape: by a gentleman who was personally acquainted not
only with the scenes of action, but with many of the actors themselves,"
Lond. (1746 ?), 8vo.; "Ascanius, or the Young Adventurer: containing an
impartial History of the Rebellion in Scotland in 1745, 1746. In which is
given a particular account of the battle of Prestonpans. \Vith a Journal of
the Adventures of the Young Chevalier after the Battle of Culloden. Em-
bellished with engravings,11 Edin. 180-1-, 12mo.; again, 1812. 8vo.; Glasgow
and Lond. (1876), 8vo.; Madrid, in Spanish (1750 ?), 8vo.; "Diario de todo
10 sucedido al Principe Carlos Eduardo desde la battalla de Culloden hasta
su arribo alas coutas de Francia, segun 10 ha referido su aIteza," Madrid
(1747 ?), 4to; "A Plain and Faithful Narrative of the several Passages of
the Young Chevalier, from the Battle of Culloden to his Embarkation for
France," Lond. 1765, 8vo., by Philalethes (þsmd.); "Some Remarks of the
melancholy situation of the Young Pretender in Scotland, after his defeat
near Inverness. Part of it written by himself (being a translatiún from the
French of two letters found near Arisaig soon after his departure from
thence for France). To the letters is prefixed, A Relation of the Discovery
of the Originals,11 &c., Lond. (1746), 8vo., by R. Douglass, of Straithbogie;
"An Interesting Narrative of the \Vanderings of the Young Chevalier," by
A. Macdonald, of Ardnamurchan; "Distresses and Escape," by J. Boswell,
in the" Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Sam. Johnson, LL.D. 11 Lond.
1785, 8vo.; "A Genuine and True Journal," &c., of the Prince's escape from
Culloden; "The \Vanderer; or, Surprising Escape," &c., 1747, 8vo.; "Ex-
pedition in 1745," the Lockhart Papers, edited by Ant. Aufrere, 1817. 4to..
2 vols.; "The Culloden Papers," edited by H. R. Duff, Lond. 1815, 4to.;
" Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family during the Rebellion,
J 745-6, from the originals in the possession of James Erskine, of Aberdona.
Esq.; edited by J. H. Burton and David Laing," Edin. 18-1-0, published by
he Ahbotsford Club.
7. History of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, called by some
the Young Pretender, but more frequently in the North the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

47 1

Young Chevalier, or Bonnie Prince Char lie, Newcastle ( 18 4 0 ?),
12mo.; again (IS45 ?), 12mo.; "Histoire du Pretendant," by J. M. Durey de
Mersam (Paris), 1756, Svo.; "An authentic Account of the Conduct of the
Young Chevalier from his arrival in Paris, after his defeat at Culloden, to
the conclusion of the Peace at Aix-Ia-Chapelle," &c., Lond. 1749, 3rd edit.
Svo.; "Ascanius, or the Young Adventurer; a true history," Lond. 174 6 ,
12mo., in which the name of the Prince does not appear; "The Life and
Times," &c., by A. C. Ewald; "Histoire du Chevalier de St. Georges," by
Mar1ès; "Le dernier des Stuarts," by J. J. E. Roy; "Istoria di sua Altezza
Reale II Principe Carlo Oduardo Stuart di Galles, concomente Ie aventure,
e Ie disgrazi accadutch in Scozia l'anno 1746," Milano, 1760, Svo.; "Les
Derniers J ours d'un Exile," by E. Dubois; "Prince Charlie," by M. Jones;
" Leben des Prinzen Carl," by C. L. Klose.
S. An authentic Account of the intended Invasion by the
Chevalier's Son; his Majesty's Messages to both Houses of Par-
liament on that occasion, the principal Addresses, &c. Lond.
1744, Svo.
"The Manifesto of a certain Power," Lond. 1744, S\'o., a declaration
purporting to emanate from Prince Charles Edward Stuart, a satire; "The
Young Pretender's Destiny Unfolded: being an exact -account of several
prodigies seen in the Highlands before the breaking out of the present
Rebellion; together with the Visions seen by J. Ferguson, a man endowed
with the second sight. In a Letter from a Clergyman in the Island of Skye to
his friend in London," Lond. 1745, 8vo.; "The Chronicle of Charles, the
Young Man" (Edin.? 1 7 4 5), 8vo., a satire in imitation of Scripture language;
"La Spedizione Demetrius Soter; ou, Ie Rétablissement de la Famille
Royale," &c., 1745, 12mo., an allegory on the pretensions of Charles Edward
to the British crown; "A Philippic Oration against the Pretender's Son and
his Adherents," 1745, Svo., by W. Henry, D.D., Dean of Killaloe; "The
Active Testimony of the true Presbyterians of Scotland;" "The Mission
from Rome into Great Britain, in the cause of Popery and the Pretender.
Scenically represented," Lond. (1747?) 4to., in verse; "Alexis; or the Young
Adventurer: A Novel," 1746, Svo., describing the adventures of the Prince
after the battle of Culloden; "A remarkable Dialogue, which lately happened
in the Gardens of the Luxembourg at Paris, between an old impartial
English \Vhig and a N onjuror of the Church of England, concerning the
Young Chevalier, and several other affairs regarding Great Britain, &c. To
which is added a short Appendix concerning the preliminary articles, &c.
By a Prussian Officer," Edin. 1 74S, 12mo.; "Anniversary Thanksgiving
Sermon," by J. Toms; "Copy of a Letter from a French Lady at Paris
giving a particular account of the manner in which Prince Edward was
arrested," French and English, Lond. 1749, Svo.
. 9. Engravings of Obverse and Reverse of Medallion of the Prince with
eulogistic verses. (Lond.? 1749?) s. she 4to.
Charlton, Edward, M.D., D.C.L., second son of vVilliam
John Charlton, of Hesleyside, co. Northumberland, Esq., by
Katherine Henrietta, daughter of Francis Cholmley, of
Brandsby, Esq., was born July 23, 18 14.

47 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

The Cbarltons of Hesleyside are descended from Adam de
Charlton, of Charlton Tower, lord of the manor of Charlton in
Tynedale, who was living in 1303. In the sixteenth century
the family settled at Hesleyside, and in 1645 Sir Edward
Charlton was created a baronet. His brother \Villiam married
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip l\1usgrave, Bart., whose
descendants have since resided at Hesleyside.
In the last century, Edward Charlton, Esq., M.D., son
of John Charlton, of Bower, in Northumberland, joined the
army of the Chevalier de S1. George, in 17 I 5, and was taken
prisoner at Preston.
Dr. Charlton, the subject of this notice, resided for many
years in Newcastle, where he was held in great repute. He
was twice married; first, May 30, J 842, to Eliza Janet,
daughter of James Gibson (who afterwards assumed the name
of Kirsopp), of The Spital, Hexham, by whom he had no
children; and secondly, April 5, 1864, l\Iargaret, daughter of
Serjeant Bellasis.
He died May 14, I 8ï 4.
Burke, Lallded Gentry
. Pattcll, His!. of the RebellioJl.

I. These pour Ie Doctoral en Medecine de la pneumonie chez
les vieillards. Paris, Ecole de Médecine, Collection des Thèses, &c., 1839,
18 45. 4 to .
2. An Account of the late Epidemic of Scarlatina in Newcastle
and its neighbourhood. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1847. 8vo.
3. Chronic a regum Mannæ et Insularum. The Chronicle of
Man, with Historical Notes by P. A. Munch, &c. (Memoir of Pro.
fessor Munch by Edward Charlton), Douglas, Manx Soc. Vol. xxii.
1859. 8vo.
4. Memorials of North Tyndale and its four Surnames. New.
castle-upon-Tyne, 1871, 8vo., 2nd edit. pp. 101.

Charnock, John, Esq., was the sixth son of Thomas
Charnock, of Charnock and Astley, co. Lancaster, Esq., by 1\1ary,
daughter of Richard Nuthall, of l\lushed, co. Bucks, Esq.
At one time he studied for the law at Furnival's Inn, but
afterwards served in the army abroad under the King of
Spain.
Returning to England, he was unfortunately drawn into
Babington's plot for releasing the Queen of Scots, and was in
consequence apprehended and brought to trial, Sept. 17, 15 86 .

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

473

He pleaded not guilty to the 'whole indictment, but owned he
was privy to the conspiracy. He alleged in his defence that
persons under sentence of condemnation were illegal evidcnce
against him, but his objection was overruled, and he was con-
demned and suffered, Sept. 21, 1586, with six other youths,
viz., Thomas Salisbury, Esq., Henry Dunne, gent., Edward
Jones, Esq., John Travers, gent., Robert Gage, gent., and
Jerome Bellamy, gent.
His eldest brother, Robert Charnock, Esq., of Charnock and
Astley, was also outlawed and declared a traitor, but for what
cause does not appear. He received a general pardon in the
2 James I., the original grant of which is now at Cuerden
Hall, the seat of Robert Towneley-Parker, Esq., the repre-
sentative of the Charnocks and their estates.
The family up. to this time appears to have retained the
faith, and from its alliances with the principal Catholic famiJies
of the county it seems probable that it continued to do so until
the time of Robert Charnock's grandson and namesake, whose
daughter and heiress, Margaret Charnock, Lady of Charnock
and Astley, carried those two manors, which had certainly been
in uninterrupted possession of the family since the time of the
Conquest, in marriage to Richard Braoke, second son of Sir
Peter Brooke, of l\Iere, in Cheshire, Knt. Finally, Susanna
Brooke, the second Lady of Charnock and Astley, as sole
heiress to Peter Brooke, Esq., conveyed the estates in marriage
to Thomas Towneley-Parker, Esq., of Cuerden Hall, Oct. 16,
r 787, in whose descendants they have since remained.
Dodd, Ch. Hisl.,. La1lc. Visz.laliolls, I 567 and I 6 I 3 ; G illozt-',
Lancashire ReCllSalzls.

Charnock, Robert, gentleman, was the son of Robert
Charnock, of London, gent., who was the eldest son of
Roger Charnock, Counsellor-at-Law, of Gray's Inn, Esq.,
younger son of Robert Charnock, of Charnock and Astley. co.
Lancaster, Esq., by his fifth wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John
{fleetwood, of Penwortham, Esq.
His father, who was born previous to 1622, in which year
he was entered in the Preston Guild Rolls, inherited the estate
of Heath Charnock, which he sold, in 1655, to John l\larsh, of
Preston. His uncle, the celebrated Puritan divine and writer,
Stephen Charnock, l\1.A., was born in 1628, and was educated

474

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, but afterwards, through the
favour of the Parliamentary Visitors, obtained, in 1649, a
fellowship in New College, Oxford.
Robert Charnock was educated at Oxford, and was a Fellow
of Magdalen College, of which he was made Vice-President in
the reign of James 11., having then been converted to the
faith. Upon the Revolution, ill 1688, he was obliged to take
refuge in France. Returning to England some years afterwards 7
he was one of those unfortunate gentlemen who engaged in a
conspiracy to seize upon \i\1illiam III., for which he was tried
and condemned at the Old Bailey, March I I, 1695. The
evidence brought against him was that of Mr. De la Rue, Mr.
Pendergrass, and l\lr. Bertram, three of the accomplices. He
made a learned defence and behaved with great presence of
mind, giving a repeated and emphatic denial to the charge that
] ames II. had commissioned him to assassinate \Villiam III.
He was executed at Tyburn, March 18,1695, o.S., together
with Edward King and Thomas Keys, who suffered on the
same account.
Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. iii. ; Lauc. Visitatz'olls, 1567 and 1613 ;
Abram, Prestoll Guild Rolls
. Gillow, Lancashire Recl/sants, 1I1S.

Charnock, Robert, priest, was one of the sons of \Villiam
Charnock, of Blacklach House, subsequently known as the Old
Hall, Leyland, co. Lancaster, by Elizabeth, daughter of Roger
Charnock, of vVeIlingborough, co. Northampton. The Leyland
family was descended from the neighbouring territorial lords of
Charnock and Astley, and the two families appear, at this
period, to have been parted some five or six generations.
\Villiam Charnock was a staunch Catholic, and suffered very
heavily for his recusancy.
Robert Charnock was educated at Oxford, and from thence
proceeded to Douay College in I 579. In the following year
he was sent to the English College, Rome, where he was
ordained priest, and returned to Douay, in 1587, from whence
he came on the English mission, where he is constantly noticed
in the reports furnished by spies to the Council, but seems to
have managed to elude the pursuivants.
Mr. Charnock took an active part with the appellant clergy
against the Archpriest Blackwell and the Jesuits, and, in May,
J 598, he was sent with Dr. \i\1i1liam Bishop as a deputation

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

475

from the clergy to the Holy See. They took with them a
letter signed by the appellants, addressed to Mr. Thomas More,
a secular priest. This gentleman was great-grandson of Sir
Thomas More, and had succeeded to his family estate, but, on
his entering into the Church, had transferred it to his next
brother. The letter contained the instructions of the deputies:
they were to petition the Holy See for the appointment of a
bishop-in-ordinary with suffragans; the restoration of the
English College at Rome to the secular clergy; a prohibition
to the English priests residing abroad to print, without special
permission, any work on the political concerns of England;
and a permission to the clergy to form rules for their internal
governmen t.
Information of their journey and its motives having been
communicated to the Holy See, Cardinal Cajetan addressed a
letter to the Archpriest, condemning the conduct of the appel-
lants, and desiring him to acquaint him with the particulars of
their proceedings.
Clement VIII., througb means of either the French or the
Flanders K uncio, sent the deputies word that wherever hig
commands should reach them, they should stop their journey
and proceed no further. This did not satisfy the deputies, who
persisted in their design of going to Rome, where they arrived
and took up their abode in the hospice of the English College,
on Nov. 10, 1598.
It is stated that they were received in the College with
incivility by Fr. Persons, and after five days were expelled,
when they put up at an inn. Here, in the middle of the night
preceding the feast-day of St. Thomas of Canterbury, Fr.
Persons, at the head of a company of the Pope's guards, with a
procureur-fiscal, suddenly made his appearance, and putting
the deputies into a coach, conveyed them to the English
College, where they were confined in separate rooms. They
were detained here in strict custody for three months, their
papers taken from them, and themselves subjected to frequent
examinations. They were not allowed to communicate with
one another, or, indeed, were they allowed either to celebrate
or even hear .l\1ass. At length, after the Pope's breve of
April 6, 1599, they were released with an injunction, under
pain of suspension, not to return to England, Scotland, or
Ireland, and to leave Rome within ten days.

.47 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Against this sentence Charnock afterwards appealed, and,
under cover of the appeal, returned to Englanà. Blackwell
threatened to suspend him, but the Cardinal du Perron, the
French ambassador at Rome, is said to have interfered with the
Pontiff, in behalf both of him and of Bish0p, and the two
deputies soon after resumed their sacerdotal functions in
England.
In Jan. 1603, Charnock was one of the thirteen missioners
who signed the famous Protestation of Allegiance to Queen
Elizabeth.
This Protestation was most ample and satisfactory to the
Crown so far as regards civil allegiance, but it most carefully
and emphatically declined to trench upon that obedience which
was due to the spiritual supremacy of the Pontiff, concluding
that as the protesters were ready to shed their blood in defence
of their Queen and country, so would they rather lose their
lives than infringe the lawful authority of the Catholic Church.
The date of 1\1r. Charnock's death is not recorded, but Gee
refers to him, in his" Foot out of the Snare," as resident in or
about the City of London in 1623.
His brother, Roger Charnock, who is described in the
Recusant Rolls as of Blacklach House, rebuilt the mansion
in 1620, which appears from a stone over the principal
entrance, bearing that date, the crest of the Charnocks, with
the monogram LH.S. in the upper left-hand corner, and that
of l\1.R. in the right-hand corner. There are other monograms
which cannot be correctly deciphered. To meet the exigencies
of this persecuting age, the chamber used as the chapel had a
secret recess for the sanctuary, and four hiding-places were made.
two in the roof, where the vestments, plate, and church furniture
were stored, a third adjoining the chimney, and another extend-
ing from the ground to the upper story.
Such were the arrangements made by Roger Charnock to
enable his family and the Catholics of the neighbourhood to
practise the religion which the unjust laws of the country pro-
hibited. He married Anne, daughter of Robert l\Ianley, of
Broughton, co. Northampton, gent., by whom he had several
children. He died and was buried at Leyland in 1632, and
his wife survived him many years, dying in 1659. Thcir
eldest son, \\ïlliam, outlived his father, but does not appear to
have left issue.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

477

Besides two daughters, Susan and Elizabeth, whose names
also appear in the Recusant Rolls, Roger Charnock had another
son, Robert Charnock, who became a distinguished ecclesiastic.
He was sent to the English College, Lisbon, and after his
ordination came on the mission to his native county in 1640.
For thirty years, during a time of extreme peril from the
civil convulsion which issued in the great Civil \iVar, he served
the Church in Lancashire, under his maternal surname of
l\lanley. He held the responsible office of Vicar-General in
the Lancashire district, and resided at Blacklach, or the Old
Hall, Leyland, hadng inherited his father's estate after the
early death of his elder brother \Villiam. He was Archdeacon
of the Chapter for Lancashire, and also Protonotarius Apos-
tolicus, and was an able administrator.
He died Feb. 2, r670-1, being between 50 and 60 years of
age.

Dodd, Clt. Hist. vol. ii.; Tierney's Dodd, iii. p. 52 ; Lingard,
Hisl. of Ellg., ed. 1849, vi. p. 643 ; Blltler, JJIemoirs, ii. p. 257
et seq.,. Foley, Records SJ., Roman Diary; Doltay Diaries;
Brad,y, Episc. SliCC., iii. p. 58 et seq.,. Gil/ow, Lanc. Recllsmlls,
.IVl s.
. Lanc. Visit. r 567 and I 6 1 3; A bram, Local Notes,
Preston Guardiall. April 26, 1884.
T. Though no publication appears in Robert Charnock's name, he no
doubt took a part in the Archpriest controversy.
Charnock, Thomas, a captain in the Royal army in the
time of Charles I., was killed during the Civil \Var. At this
period there were three families of position in the county of
Lancaster bearing the name of Charnock; one seated at Char-
nock and Astley, and the other two at Leyland and Fulwood,
younger branches of the first. I t is uncertain to which the
captain belonged, but as there is no Thomas recorded in the
Leyland branch at this period, and the only one in the Char-
nock and Astley family was the squire himself, who, though
engaged in the defence of Lathom House, in its two sieges by
the Parliamentarians, in 1644 and the following year, did not
die until 1648. It may therefore be assumed that Thomas
Charnock, of Fulwood, gent., who was enrolled at the Preston
Guilds of 1602-22-42, is the patriot who lost his life in defence
of his Sovereign.
This family was descended from William Charnock, of

4ì 8

EIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Fulwood, gent., who was probably the third son of Thomas Char-
nock, of Charnock and Astley, by Mary, daughter of Richard

uthall, of IYlushed, co. Bucks, Esq. He was living here in
1582, and had sever2.1 sons, from whom branched many families
in Preston and the vicinity. His son vVilliam, of Fulwood, who
is recorded in the Preston Guild Rolls of 1582-1602-22, was
the father of Capt. Thomas Charnock, one of a family of nine
sons.

CastlelllaiJl, Cath. Apology / La1le. Visitatiolls, 1 567 and 1613 ;
Abram, Prestoll Guild Rolls.

Chatterton, Georgiana, Lady(Henrietta Georgiana Maria),
was the only child of the Rev. Lascelles lremonger, Prebendary
of vVinchester, and Harriett, sister of Admiral Lord Gambier.
:\'lrs. lremonger's sister was the wife of }\'[r.
Iorton Pitt, of
Kingston House and Encombe, co. Dorset, and it was in their
town house in Arlington Street, London, that the subject of this
memoir was born.
Mrs. Pitt was nearly connected by her marriage with Lord
Chatham and Mr. Pitt, and with her sister was brought up by
their aunt, Lady Middleton, wife of Sir Charles :i\Iiddleton,
afterwards Lord Barham, First Lord of the Admiralty.
Moving, therefore, in the leading circles, Georgiana was
enabled to form and accurately express the impressions which
her writings display.
When she was about eighteen years of age, .A.ug. 3, 1824,
she became the wife of Sir \Villiam Chatterton, Bart., of Castle
Mahon, co. Cork, and after his death, Aug. 5, 1855, she married

'[r. Heneage Dering, formerly of the Coldstream Guards,
June I, I 859; her works, however, are usually known under
the name received with her former husband.
. \Vithin six years after their marriage l\lr. Dering was received
into the Church, and though his wife did not follow his example
until Aug. 1875, he ascribes his conversion, in her l\Iemoirs,
to the conscientious struggles and continued act of Catholic
self-development which marked the whole tenor of her life.
She died Feb. 6, 1876.
Noone can read her books and fail to recognise the true
instinct and high tone of feeling in everything she wrote.
111 e11loirs of Georgia1la, Lady Chattertoll.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

479

J. Aunt Dorothy's Tale. Lond. 1837. 121110. 2 vols.
2. Rambles in the South of Ireland during the year 1838. Land.
1839, 12mo. 2 vols.; 2nd edit. ditto, 1839.
3. A Good Match, the Heiress of Drosberg, and the Cathedral
Chorister. Land. 1840, 12mo. 3 vols.; Land. 1868, 8vo.
4. Home Sketches and Foreign Recollections. Lond. 1841, 12mo.
3 vols.
5. The Pyrenees, with Excursions into Spain. Land. 1843, 8vo.
2 vols.
6. Allanston, or the Infidel. Land. IS-B, 12mo. 3 vols.
7. Lost Happiness; or, the Effects of a Lie. A Tale. Lond.1845,
161110.
8. Reflections on the History of the Kings of Judah. Lond.1848,
Bvo.
9. Compensation. Lond. 1856, 8vo. 2 vols. Published anonymously.
10. Life and its Realities. Land. 1857, 8vo. 3 vols.
II. The Reigning Beauty. Land. 1858, 8vo. 3 vols.
12. Extracts from the Works of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter,
selected and translated. Lond. 1851, 8vo.; Lond. 1859, 8vo.
13. Memorials, Personal and Historical, of Admiral Lord Gam..
bier, with original Letters from Mr. Pitt, first Lord Chatham,
Lord Nelson, Lord Castlereagh, Lord Mulgrave, Henry Fox, first
Lord Holland, the R. Hon. G. Canning, &c. Edited from Family

apers. Lond. 1861 (1860), 8vo. 2 vols.
14. Selections from the Works of Plato. Translated. Land.
1862, 8vo.
IS. The Heiress and her Lovers. Lond. 1863, 8\'0. 3 vols.
16. Léonore, A Tale; and other Poems. Lond. and Cambridge,
7864, 8vo. 2 vols.
17. Quagmire ahead. Privately printed, 1864; a pamphlet.
18. Grey's Court. Edited by Lady Chatterton. Lond. 1865t
8vo. 2 vols. In which she was assisted by Mr. Dering. No. 41, in monthly
yol. of " Standard Authors," Lond. 1866, 8\'0. ; frequently reprinted.
19. Oswald of Deira. A Drama, in Four Acts and in Verse.
Lond. 1867, 8vo. Of which Cardinal Newman said, " It is full of beautiful
thoughts."
20. A Plea for Happiness and Hope. Privately printed; a pamphlet.
21. Country Coteries. Lond. 1868, 8vo. 3 vols.
22. Lady May. A Pastoral Poem. Lond. 1869, 8vo., which Car.
âinal Newman preferred to anything he had seen of hers: "It is so graceful
and the lines so musical . . . . and there are such poetical ideas in it."
23. The Golden Bird. "The Oak: original Tales and Sketches by
Sir J. Bowring, Lady Chatterton, and others. Edited by C. Roger, with
illustrations by G. Cruikshank and others." Lond. 1869, 8vo.
24. The Lost Bride. Lond. 1872, 8vo. 3 vols.; cheap edit, in
" Standard Library."
25. Won at Last. Land. 1874, 8vo. 3 vols., in which Cardinal Xewman
observed her earnest desire, not only of keeping clear of what is low,
vulgar, and rudely sensational, but of writing what would suggest a l1igher

480

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

standard of thought and conduct, to act in a measure as a substitute for at
least some portion of the immoral trash which is the staple of so many of the
novels of the day.
26. Extracts from Aristotle's Works. 1875, Svo., privately printed,
which she had herself translated from the Greek. Cardinal Newman remarks,
.. They are well selected, clear, and good, and must have involved a good deal
of trouble."
27. Misgivings. 1875, 8vo.; a.pamphlet privately printed, which was
induced by an instinctive perception of whither she was tending.
28. ponvictions. 1875, 8vo ; a pamphlet printed for private circulation.
This was written immediately after her conversion, but was not printed until
the close of the year. The titles of this and the preceding pamphlet express
the different states of mind that dictated them. The second was written for
the purpose of setting before those whom it concerned a few considerations
that had influenced her.
29. The Consolation of the Devout Soul. By the Very Rev.
Joseph Frassinetti, Prior of St. Sabina in Genoa. Translated by
Georgiana, Lady Chatterton. Lond. 1876, sm. 8vo., pp, xv. 188.
This was her last work, with the exception of a design for re-writing a
story written some years before.
30. Memoirs of Georgiana, Lady Chatterton. With soma
passages from her Diary. By Edward Heneage Dering, Author
of" Sherborne," "The Chieftain's Daughter, and other Poems,"
"Florence Danby," "Lethelier," &c. &c. Lond. 1878, 8vo.,
pp. x.- 309, and an Appendix with List of \V orks of Lady Chatterton. Ded. to
the R. R. (\V. B. Ullathorne) the Bishop of Birmingham.
Chauncy, Maurice, Prior .of the Eng'ish Carthusians at
Bruges, and the last of the heroic Fathers of the Charterhouse,
was the eldest son of John Chauncy, of Pishobury in Saw-
bridgeworth, co. Herts, by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of
John Proffit, of Barcombe, co. Sussex. His pedigree, from
Chauncy de Chauncy, near Amiens, whose name is in the roll of
Battle Abbey, is traced by his brother Henry's great-great-
grandson, Sir Henry Chauncy, Knt., in his" Historical Antiqui-
ties of Hertfordshire" (Lond. 1700).
When the oath of succession was presented to the Prior and
monks of the Charterhouse, in 1534, to which they submitted
with the condition "as far as was lawful," Maurice Chauncy was
entered in the list of "professed, but not priests."
In l\iay of the following year their Prior, John Houghton,
was executed for refusing to acknowledge the ecclesiastical
supremacy of the king, followed by the imprisonment and
martyrdom of several of the monks.
After the dissolution of the monastery, in I 537, and the-
imprisonment and cruel death of many of the monks, Fr

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

481

Chauncy and a few others contrived to escape the fate of their
brethren, spending their time partly in England and partly in
Flanders, until the accession of Queen l\lary, when they were
replaced at Shene, near Richmond, in Surrey, an olå Carthusian
monastery. In I 556, Fr. Chauncy was elected Prior at Shene)
and here the monks resided with great edification until the
Queen's death in 1558, when Elizabeth permitted them to
retire to Flanders.
They first established themselves at Bruges, where they lived
in peaceful seclusion until tumults were raised by the Huegonots
in Flanders. The unheard-of barbarities committed by the
mob, with the pillage of churches and religious houses, at
Antwerp and other places, were soon afterwards imitated at
Bruges, in I 578, and the English Carthusians were obliged to
leave the town.
They were permitted to remove with the few effects they had
saved from the plunder of the mob, and they directed their
steps towards Douay, where so many of the English refugees
had found security, but to their great disappointment they found
Douay suffering from the same confusion, and a rumour was
industriously spread by the Huegonots that the English had a
design upon the town. Thus, by an order from the governor
and magistrates, after two hours allowed them for refreshment,
they were obliged to depart. This happened in :May, 1578.
They then attempted to settle in the French dominions, but
meeting with obstacle5, they took up their residence in Louvain,
where they chiefly remained until a house was prepared
for them at Nieuport, and there at length obtained a settle-
ment under the Crown of Spain, supported by a State
pension duly paid them from the rents arising in the Spanish
Netherlands.
After a long life of toil and privation Fr. Chauncy died,
July 2, I 58 I, at their old house at Bruges, where he and his
brethren spent some time whilst the monastery at Nieuport
was being fitted up for their reception.
Full of primitive zeal, he won the respect and admiration of
Dr. Allen and all the English residents abroad, and neither
is it denied, says honest Anthony à \Vood, in his "Athenæ
Oxonienses," by any intelligent and moderate Protestant that
his name is worthy of being kept in everlasting remembrance.
Even Stuart, a Scotch ruritan, pays a tribute to his memory in
YOLo T. I I

4 82

BIBLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

recording that Chauncy would do a kind office for a Pro-
testant as soon as for one of his own creed.
A touching account is related of a visit he paid to London
in the reign of Elizabeth. He came over in the guise of a
Flemi
h physician, when he discovered that nearly all his
former friends were either dead or immured in some loathsome
dungeon. His kinsman, Dr. Chauncy, states that he accom-
panied him in a walk round Westminster Abbey and the wreck
of the Carthusian houses.
On approaching those sacred buildings, he was seized with a
profound melancholy; clasping his hands and casting his eyes
downwards, he spoke not a word for some time. He then
hastened from the spot, shedding many big tears. He next
visited the grave of Bishop Fisher, at Barking. Kneeling
beside the last resting-place of the Bishop of Rochester, he
begged to be left alone. Here he remained in contemplation
for an hour. On the following day he left for Belgium. " I
never saw my good uncle again," adds the narrator.
In his history of the Carthusians of the Charterhouse, he
frequently laments not having stopped with his brethren and
awaited their martyrdom.
Dodd, Clt. His!.,. Burke, iI/fell and IVomell of tlte RefoY1lla-
o 1l,. Morris, Troubles, First Series.
I. Historia aliquot nostri sæculi l\Iartyrum in Anglia, cum
pia, turn. Lectu jucunda, nunquam ante hac typis excusa.
Moguntiæ, excud. F. Behen, 1550, 4to., a. b. and B. to S. in fours, running
title "Historia 1\1artyrum Angliæ," ded. to Theod. Loher à Stratis, Prior of
the Carthusian house at Cologne, whose life of Dionysius Carthusianus is-
dedicated to the Prior of the Charterhouse, John Houghton.
A reprint bears the title, " Historia aliquot nostri Sæculi Leetu jucunda
nunc denuo typis excusa," Burgis, apud Philippum J untam, 1583, sm. 8\'0.,
to which was subjoined an Epistle from the Editor, "Theotonius à Braganca,
indignus Archiepiseopus Eborensis."
It was also printed in "Illustria Ecclesiæ Catholieæ Trophæa, ex reeen-
tibus Anglicorum Martyrum, Scotieæ proditionis, Gallicorumque furorum
rebus gestis graviss. virorum fide notatis. Charæ posteritati, ut nimirum ea
de præsentium errorum natura atque ingenio integrè ac liberè tandem judicat.
Erecta, anno 1573," Monachii excudebat, Adamus Berg, 1573, 12mo.; again,
" Innocentia et Constantia, Victrix, sive Commentariolus de Vitæ, Ratione
et Martyrio octodeeim Cartusianorum qui in Anglia sub Rege Henrico VIII.
(A.D. 1535, 1537 et 1541) ob Eeclesiæ defensionum, et nefarii Sehismatis
detestationem crudeliter trucidati sunt; una cum nova historica Relatione
xii. Martyrum Cartusianorum Ruræmundensium qui in Dueato Gueldriæ,
anno 1572, Agonem suum comple,"erunt, auctore Arnoldo Havensio, item

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

483

Epistolæ Paranetica D. Martini Landurensis," Coloniæ, 1606; Gandavi,
1608,8vo. ; \Virceburgi, 1608; in three parts, with engraved frontispiece of the
executions, plate of arms, a curious plate of Friar Tynsbe, Hybernus Cartu-
sianus Londinensis, his conflict with demons, and another of the martyrdom
at Ruremund.
A reprint, in 1753, "Bruxellæ cum pauculis additionibus recusus,"
4to., is entitled "Historica Relatio Duodecim l\lartyrum Cartl1sianorum qui
Ruræmundæ in Ducatu Geldriæ anno 1572, Agonem Sl1um feliciter com-
pleverunt. Auctore Vener. P. D. Arnoldo Havensio, SSe Theologiæ Doctore,
Cartusiæque Gandensis Priore: Accessit ejusdem exhortatio ad Carthu-
sianos, de Observantia Disciplinæ Regularis, Vitæque Solitariæ commenda-
tione. Permissu Superiorum, 1608." Accedit in Appendicum " Compendium
Historiæ (olim à P. Mauritio Chancæo Carthuso-Anglo editæ, dein a
P. Arnoldo Havensio recognitæ) de Martyrio xviii. Carthusianorum Con.
ventûs Londinensis; qui sub Rege Henrico VII I. ob Ecc1esiæ defensionem
ac nefarii Schismatis detestationem, crudeliter trucidati sunt, annis 1535 et
1537."
Chauncy's Historia, 1550, has five curious copper engravings, and con..
tains- The Epitaph of Sir Tho. More; The Captivity and Martyrdom of
John Fisher, Bp. of Rochester; The Captivity and Martyrdom of Sir Tho.
More; The Martyrdom of Reynold Brigitt, a pious divine, and oÍ others;
and The Passion of 18 Carthusians of London.
2. Vitæ Martyrii Cartusianorum aliquot, qui Londini pro
Unitate Ecclesiæ adversus Hæreticos streunè depugnantes variè
trucidati sunt, Narratio, l\lediolani, 1606, 8vo., a reprint of the work of
Peter Sutor which was revised and published by Fr. Chauncy with a pre-
face, at Louvain, 1572, 8vo.
3. The Divine Cloud of Unknowing, MS., on which Fr. D. A.
Baker, O.S.B., wrote "Secretum sive Mysticum, or Certain Notes upon the
Book called the Cloud of Unknowing."
4. Letters to Cardinal Allen, MSS.

Chedsey, William, D.D., confessor of the faith, a native of
Somersetshire, was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford, l\iarch 16, I 5 28,at about 18 years ç:>f age. He proceeded
l\LA., and was admitted Fellow of his College in 1533. Bishop
Bonner, about 1542, chose him for one of his chaplains, and in
1548 he obtained the prebend of Twyford in St. Paul's, which
he exchanged for that of Chiswick in 1554. He had previously,
in 1546, completed his degree of D.D.
During the reign. of Edward VI. he was one of those who
manfully withstood the Court measures of the so-called Refor-
mation.
His zeal and learning appeared in the public disputation he
had with Peter Martyr, and, in 1550, he openly preached in
Oxford against the steps already taken and the further progress
I I 2

484

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION
\.RY

of the reformers. He was therefore seized and committed to
the ]Vlarshalsea for seditious preaching, l\'Iarch 16, 1550, where
he lay until Nov. I I in the following year, and was then ordered
to be brought to the Bishop of Ely's, where he enjoyed his
table and an easier restraint.
Queen Mary's accession procured his freedom, and Dr. James
Turberville, the last Catholic Bishop of Exeter, collated him,
Dec. 3, I 556, to the canonry and prebend, void by the death
of Dr. James Haddon. In the following year he was made a
canon of Christ College, Oxford, and Sept. IS, 1558, was
appointed Presiden t of Corpus Christi College.
In the first year of her reign the vindictive spirit of Elizabeth
deprived him of all his preferments and dignities, and consigned
him to the Fleet Prison, where he ".as immured until his death,
about I 56 I.
He was held in general estimation for his erudition and
upright character, and Leland places him among his worthies,
styling him "Resonæ Scholæ columna," on account of the
acumen he displayed in argument. His affable and obliging
manner and the moderation he used towards the reformers in
Queen Mary's reign is mentioned with due acknowledgment
by his adversaries, though ill-requited in the reign of her
successor.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Oliver, Collections J. IVood, Athell. OZOll.
I. Disputatio de Sacramento Eucharistiæ. \Vith the arguments
pro and con between himself and Peter Martyr. The disputation was held
May 29, and June I, 1549. A translation in English was published in 15 62 .
The whole is embodied in Peter Martyr's works.
2. Sermon at Paul's Crosse, Nov. 16, 1544. 8vo.
3. Serm
n on Matt. xii. 15. 1545, 8vo.
4. Disputation with John Philpot. 1553, 8vo.
5. Disputation with Archbp. Cranmer. 1554.
6. Conference with Bishop Ridley. 1555.
7. Several of his Discourses will be found in Fox's" Acts and Monuments
of the Church."

Chorley, Richard, of Chorley Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq.,
born in 1659, was the son of \Villiam Chorley, of the same
place, by Catherine, daughter of John Culcheth, of Culcheth,
Esq. This ancient family always retained the faith, and their
names annually appear in the Recusant Rolls.
Unfortunately, he joined the Chevalier de St, George in
1715, and was taken prisoner at Preston. He was ordered up

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 8 5

to London to take his trial, but faIling sick at Wigan, he was
tried at Liverpool, condemned, and executed at Preston, Feb. 9,
17 I 6. His estate of Chorley Hall was forfeited and sold by the
Commissioners to Abraham Crompton, Esq., July 26, 17 I 8, for
.{5,550.
His son Richard had also the misfortune to be out with his
father, and was also taken prisoner, tried, and found guilty of
high treason, but he died in prison at Liverpool before the
sentence could be executed.
:f\1r. Chorley was a gentleman of singular piety and abilities,
and his son is said to have been a youth of good parts.
Pattell, Hist. of the Rcbellioll; Reþorts, Forfeited Estates,
P.R. 0 J. Dugdale, Visitàtioll of La1lc.
Christopherson, John, confessor of the faith, last
Catholic Bishop of Chichester, was born at Ulverstone, in
Lancashire, and was educateò first at Pembroke Hall, and then
at St. John's College, Cambridge. He became B.A. in 1540-1,
and about the same time was elected Fellow of Pembroke Hall,
whence he again removed to St. John's, being admitted by
authority of the visitor a Fellow on l\lr. Ashton's foundation,
:f\lay 9, 154 2 . He commenced M.A. in the following year, and
was appointed a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the
charter of foundation in I 546.
Being a conscientious aòherent of the ancient faith, he
retired abroad during the reign of Edward VI., but was
supported by Trinity College.
On the accession of Queen Mary, he returned to England,
and was constituted l\1aster of Trinity College in 1553. He
was installed dean of :Norwich, April 18, 1554, and elected
Prolocutor of the Convocation, Oct. 5, 1555. In the following
year he was instituted to the rectory of Swanton Morley, in
Norfolk, and was one of those deputed by Cardinal Pole
to visit the University of Cambridge in 1556-7, being styled
Bishop Elect of Chichester, although the bull for his provision
to that See was not issued until May 7, 1557, and he was not
consecrated tia Nov. 2 I, following.
On Nov. 27, 1558, being the second Sunday after Queen
Elizabeth's accession, Bishop Christopherson, preaching at St.
Paul's Cross, boldly denounced a sermon preached by Dr. Bill
at that place the Sunday preceding, and with great vehemence

4 86

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and freedom declared that the new doctrine set forth by Dr.
Bill was not the gospel but the invention of heretical men, For
this sermon he was summoned before the Queen and cast into
prison, where he died about a month afterwards. He was buried
Dec. 28, I 558, at Christ Church, London, with heraldic state,
five bishops assisting at the Mass, the church being decorated
with banners of his own arms, and the arms of his See, and four
banners of saints.
By his will, dated Oct. 6, 1552-3, wherein he desired to be
buried in the chapel of Trinity College np.ar the south side of
the high altar, he gave to that college many books, both printed
and manuscript, in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew, and directed that
certain copies of his translation of Philo- J udæus should from
time to time be given to poor scholars. He also gave to
his successors in the mastership of Trinity certain hangings
and other goods in his study, chambers, and gallery, and
requested the college to celebrate yearly on the anniversary of
his death a dirge and requiem Mass for himself, his father and
mother, and his special good master and bringer-up, John
Redman, D.D. Independently of his own benefactions to
Trinity College, he procured considerable donations to that
society from Queen Mary.
This virtuous and eminent prelate was a man of great learning,
and his piety and moderation gained him general respect,
though some few fanatical writers have represented him as a
bitter persecutor of the Protestants.
Cooþer, A tltell. Calltab.; Dodd, Clt. Hist.
I. Jephthah, a Tragedy. Lat. and Gr. 1546.
2. Philonis Judæi, libri quatuor. Trans. into Latin. Antwerp,
1553,4 to .
3. An Exhortation to all menne to take hede and beware of
Rebellion: wherein are set forth the causes, that commonlye
moue men to rebellion, and that no cause is there, that ought to
moue any man thereunto, with a Discourse of the miserable
effectes that ensue thereof, and of the wretched ende that all
rebelles comme to, moste necessary to be redde in this seditiouse
and troublesome tyme. Lond. John Cawood, 1554, 12mo., B.L. Ded.
to Queen Mary. At the end are" Two Godlye Prayers, one for the Queenes
Hignes, and another for the good and quiete estate of the whole Realme."
4. Historiæ ecclesiasticæ pars prima qua continentur Eusebij,
Pamphili, lib. 10. Ejusdem de vita Constantini Magni, lib. 4.
Gratio Constantini Magni ad Sanctorum cælum. Gratio ejusdem
Eusebij in laudem Constantini Magni-(pars secunda qua con.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

4 8 7

tinentur Socratis Scolastici Constantinopolitani, lib. 7. Theodoriti
Cyrensis episcopi, lib. 5. (Pars tertia) Sozomeni, lib. 9. Evagrii
Scolastici, lib. 6.) J. C. interprete. Lovanii, 1569, 8vo.
Lib. 4 of Eusebius was translated by N. Carr, and Lib. 7, 8, and 9 of
Sozomenus by Suffridus Petri: the whole edited by E. Godsalve; Coloniæ
Agrippinæ, 1570, fol.; 1581, and 1612, fo1.
5. Reasons why a Priest may not Practice Physic or Surgery,
as offered to his friend Dr. Hussy, who desired his licence for a
friend to do so. MS. Flemingi. See Peck's" Desiderata Curiosa," vol. i.
ed. 1732, lib. vi. p. 50.
6. Plutarchus de futili loquacitate. MS. Trans. from Greek into
Latin, ded. to the Princess Mary, the King's sister, afterwards Queen.
7. He also translated "Appollinaris" and other Greek authors. His
character as a translator does not stand high. Valesius says that hi:; style is
impure and full of barbarisms; that his periods are long and perplexed; that
he has frequently acted the commentator, rather than the translator; that he
has enlarged and retrenched at pleasure; has . oftentimes transposed the
sense; and has not always preserved the distinction even of chapters. The
learned Huet has passed the same censure on him in his book'" De Interpre-
tatione." Hence Baronius, among others, has often been misled by him.

Cibber, Susannah Maria, actress, wife of Theophilus
Cibber, son of Colley Cibber, actor, dramatist, and poet-
laureate, was sister to Dr. Arne, the celebrated musical
. com poser.
Her union with Theophilus Cibber was productive of both
discomfort and disgrace, and she was separated from him for
many years previous to her death in 1766.
She was an actress of the highest class, and became a great
favourite with the public. Her style of acting was well
adapted to that of Garrick, with whom she frequently per-
formed, and, indeed, she was considered the best representative
on the stage of the tragic muse in her time.
Rose, Biog. Diet.; Cates, Diet. of Gcn. Biog.
1. The Oracle. A Comedy in One Act. Lond. 1752, Bvo.; 1763,
Svo.; 1778, 8vo. In prose.
" Daphne and Amintor. A Comic Opera. Altered from the Oracle of
Mrs. Cibber," Lond. 1786, Izmo. vol. v. of "The Brit. Stage." In one act,
in prose and in verse.
2. A Poem to the Memory of the celebrated Mrs. Cibber.
Lond. 1766, 4to.
3. Observations on her Performances. "The Actor," 1755, I2mo.

Clare, John, Father S.J., alias Dominic, was a native
of vVilts, born in 1577. He entered the Society in 1604-5,
and after serving the mission in :North and South vVales for

4 88

BIDLIOGRAPIIIC\L DICTIO
.-\RY

some years, died Rector of that district, June 4, 1628,
aged 5 1.
He was a learned man, and had b
en Prefect of Studies both
at Louvain and the English College, Rome, and also Professor
of Sacred Scripture for some years at the former College.
Fole)', Records SJ., Co/ketal/ea.
I. A controversial work, prepared for the press but never printed.
2. The Converted Jew: or certain Dialogues between Micheas,
a learned Jew, and others, touching points of Religion con.
troverted between Catholicks and Protestants, 1630, 4to. 3 pts., with
"An Appendix, wherein is taken a survey contayning a full answcre of a
pamphlet (by G. Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury), intituled, A treatise of
the Visibility and Succession of the True Church in all Ages."
Ded. to the Universities and ne\'er answered. Though published in Fr.
Clare's name, this very famous work is said to have been not really his.

Clark, Gryffith, martyr, Vicar ofvVandsworth, was executed
at St. Thomas' \Vatering, Southwark, July 8, 1539, together
with his chaplain and servant, and also one vVait, a friar. John
Stow says he had not seen the indictment, but Dr. Bridgwater,
Dr. \Vorthington, and other Catholic writers, who were particu-
larly inquisitive concerning such matters, all agree that they
suffered for denying the ecclesiastical supremacy of the king.
This and the following year were remarkable for such
executions.
Dodd, Clt. Hist., I.; Stow, Cltro1l.

Clark, William, priest, was educated at Douay College,
where he arrived from England, Aug. 6, 1587. T\\"o years
later he was sent to the English College at Rome, and
having been ordained priest, left for the English mission in
April, 1592.
\Vhen the di:;putes between the Jesuits and Seculars, which
originated in the prison at \Visbeach Castle, were revived by the
institution of the Archpriest, Mr. Clark took a very active part
in the opposition by the clergy to this measur
, and his signa-
ture appears to the Appeal of the Thirty-three Clergymen
against Blackwell, dated from the prison at \Visbcach,
Nov. 17, 1600. ·
In consequence of this he was included in the attack which
Fr. Persons made against the lives and characters of his
principal opponents in the memorial he drew up professedly

OF THE EKGLISII C\TIIOLICS.

4 8 9

for the information of the Pope and Cardinals, entitled "An
Account of the Morals of some of the principal Appellants."
l\loreover, when Clement VIII. issued his breve in favour of
the appellants, dated Oct. 5, 1602, an attempt was made, but
in vain, to exclude Mr. Clark from the operation of a clause
which restored the faculties withdrawn from the appellants,
and declared that the Archpriest, by his censures and decrees,
had exceeded his powers, and that the clergy, by their resist-
ance to his authority, had never forfeited their spiritual faculties.
At this period lVIr. Clark was in prison; his arrest being
the subject of an interesting letter from Fr. Anthony Rivers to
Fr. Persons, dated April 28, 1602.
Prisons in those days were not so uniformly and strictly
kept as they are now, and a good deal of latitude was allowed
to those who were not in close confinement.
On Low Sunday, in this year, three priests, Barneby, \Vatson,
and 1\1:r. Clark, were prepared to say 1\lass in the Clink prison,
and nearly forty Catholics were assembled to hear them, and
some others were congregated in the adjoining chamber.
Suddenly the Lord Chief Justice's men, with pursuivants and
other officers, burst in upon them with drawn swords, seized the
altars and their furniture, took the names of all present, and
placed the three priests in close confinement. This appears to
have occurred through the treachery of Atkinson, an apostate
priest.
It was expected that l\lr. Clark would be indicted for saying
l\Iass, but he was not tried, at the instance, Fr. Rivers supposed,
of the Bishop of Lonåon, who at that time was endeavouring,
at the inspiration of the Council, to take advantage of the dis-
sensions between the Seculars and Jesuits.
Shortly before the coronation of James 1., some disappointed
courtiers and Puritans, Lords Grey and Cobham, Sir \Valter
Raleigh, and others, entered into a conspiracy, which, in the
language of the initiated, was termed" The Main." The exact
aim of this plot has never been definitely determined. By
Raleigh it was no doubt the overthrow of his political enemies
with the support of the Spanish interest, but others may have
had in view the establishment of a party in favour of the claim
of the Infanta, or, as was pretended, of Arabella Stuart, under
the protection of Spain.
A subordinate and equally mysterious plot, designated" The

490

J3IBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOX_\RY

Bye," or "The Surprising Treason," was under less influential
direction, and its object was to seize the king.
To strengthen their party by the accession of the Catholics,
they made overtures to \Vatson, a missionary priest, who had
been most active in opposing the Spanish party, and promoting
the cause of James. \Vatson seems to have thought that if,
by a counter-plot, he could rescue the king, the royal grati-
tude would thenceforth befriend the Catholics, and with this
object he communicated his schemes to 1\1:r. Clark.
\Vatson's scheme was discovered by several parties, and
amongst the rest by Fr. Gerard, and some other Jesuits. The
latter informed Garnet, their Superior, as well as Blackwell, the
Archpriest, who commanded them, as it was evident treason, to
acquaint the Government. Accordingly, Gage, a Catholic
gentleman, and Francis Barnaby, a secular priest, informed
Bancroft, Bishop of London, whilst Fr. Gerard sent word to
the king by a Scotch Catholic, who, finding that it had become
known the day before, made no communication.
On July 16, 1603, a proclamation was issued to apprehend
them, and shortly afterwards they were seized. 1\11-. Clark was
at first committed to the Gatehouse, in "Vestminster, and thence
removed to the Tower. He with the other commoners were
subsequently conducted under a strong guard to the Castle at
Winchester, and five days later, Nov. I 5, they were arraigned
for treason and condemned to death.
But no fact "vas proved against l\fr. Clark, save some remote
practices in favour of the Catholic interest, which had no
relation to the plot, and, as he said, could not be judged
treasonable.
He suffered at \Vincbester, Nov. 29, 1603.
The two priests, says an eye-witness, in a letter published in
the Hardwicke State Papers (vol. i. p. 377), led the way to the
execution, and were very bloodily handled, for they were both
cut down alive; and Clark, to whom favour was intended, was
the most unfortunate, for he both strove to help himself, and
spoke after be was cut down. He stood upon his justification,
and thought be had hard measure; but imputed it to his func-
tion, and therefore thought his death meritorious, a kind of
martyrdom.
It is observable that both \Vatson and Clark were strenu-
ously opposed to the Spanish party, and that each had

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

49 1

written with great vehemence against the Jesuits, as its active
partisans.
Both died in charity u'ith all men, and Watson acknowledged
on the scaffold, and asked pardon of the Society for the
intemperance of his writings.
Dodd, CIt. Hist. vol. ii. ; Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. pp. 52, cxxxiii.,
cIvii., cIxxxi., vol. iv. p. xlii.; Lingard, Hist. of Eug., ed. 18 49,
vol. vii.; Butler,]',,{emoirs, ed. 1822, vol. ii.; Foley, RccordsSj"
vol. i. and vi.; DOllay Diaries
' Flanagan, Hisl. of tlte Cll.,
vol. ii. p. 273.
1. A Replie unto a certain Libell, latelie set foorth by Fa.
Parsons, in the name of the united Priests, intituled, A Mani-
festation of the great folly and bad spirit, of certaine in England,
-calling themselves Secular Priestes. With an addition of a Table
of such uncharitable Words and Phrases, as by him are uttered in
the said Treatise, as well against our persons as our bookes,actions,
and proceedings. Justitiæ et innocentiæ permissu. 1603, 4to.; title
I f.; Epistle to the Priests said to be united to the Archpriest, signed \V. c., I f.;
preface, signed \V. c., 1 f. ; ff. 106; Table of the Passionate \Vords, &c., ff.6.
It would have been well if Persons had never written his " Manifestation,"
which was printed, in 16æ, after the Pope, by his breve of Aug. 1601, had
expressly prohibited all such works, under pain of excommunication, to be
incurred iþso facto. In it, the Appellants and their deputies at Rome are
assailed with the most unmeasured abuse, increasing the irritation of the
clergy in this unhappy contest, and, after its termination, as Canon Tierney
remarks, leaving behind it a rankling feeling of jealousy and dislike, which
cannot be too deeply or too lastingly deplored. For other works in the Arch-
priest controversy, vide J. Bennett, C. Bagshaw, \V. Bishop
G. Blackwell,
T. Bluet, A. Champney, J. Colleton, H. Ely, T. Lister, J. Mush, R. Persons,
A. Rivers, \V. \Vatson, &c.
2. By the King. Wee have by our late Proclamation, &c.
A proclamation for the apprehension of \VilIiam Clark, &c., dated July 16,
16 0 3.

Clarke, Anthony, of the diocese of York, arrived at the
English College, Rheims, July 10, 1583. After he had received
minor Orders, he was sent to the English College, Rome, Sept. 2,
1587, where he was admitted on the 17th of the foHowing
November, being then 22 years of age. He left Rome, on
account of sickness, and returned to Rheims, Oct. 23, 1589.
He again left fhe College, March I 7, 1 590, being then a
student in theology.
No record of his ordination has been discovered, though
Gee evidently tbought he was a priest in 1624.

49 2

BIBLIOGTL\PIlIC.\L DICTIOX.\RY

DOllay Diaries; Foley, Records SJ., ROlllaJz Diary
' Gee,
Foot out of the Snare, 1624.
I. The Honour of God, by Anthonie Clerke, says Gee, "an idle, frothy
booke, by a braine-sicke man, a concealed Priest."

Clarke, Charles Augustine, Esq., eldest son of Charles
Clarke, Esq., F.S.A., of Her lVIajesty's Ordnance Office, Guernsey,
was the author of several tales, and died at his residence,
4 2 Clarendon Square, London, April 3, 1842, aged 46.
Cain. Directories.
I. Tales of a Voyage to the Arctic Ocean.
"') Palmario.
3. Other Tales and Stories.

Clarke, Robert, a Carthusian monk, a native of the diocese
of London, whose true name appears to have been Grayne, was
educated at the English College, Douay, where he was pro-
fessor of classics for some time, and was sent on the mission in
16 30. Subsequently he joined the Carthusians, and employed
his leisure hours in composing his elaborate work.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,o DOllay Diaries.
1. Christiados; sive, de Passione Domini, & Salvatoris nostri
Jesu Christi, lib. 17, Brugis, 1670, 8vo., edited by P. Bilcliffe; ('ditio
secunda, Augustæ Vindel. et Dilingæ, 1708, 8vo., with engr. title-page;
ediLio nova, curante A. C. 'Yalthierer, Eystadii, 1855, 8vo.; Die Christiade
von R. Klarke metrisch iibersetzt von A. K. ,,, althiercr, Ingolstadt, Eichstätt
(printed), 1853, 8vo.
Clarkson, John
a.p., Prior of Bornhem, was born in 1697,
ánd was professed at Bornhem in 17 I 6. He then continued
his studies at Louvain, where he was ordaincù priest in
I7 2 I.
] Iere he taught philosophy and theology, and sub'5equently
returned to Bornhem, and was instituted Sub-Prior in Oct.
1730. Three years later he was sent on the English mission
as chaplain to the Bishop of Tiberiopolis. About Christmas,
1734, he was appointed chaplain to Francis Turville, of Aston-
Flamville Hall, near Hinckley, co. Leicester, and served that
mission for thirteen years, and also, from about 1746, Belgrave,
near Leicester, the seat of John Beaumont Byerley, Esq. He
received his degree of S. Th. lV'fag. in 1742, and in 1747 went
to Brussels, as chaplain to the English nuns. In 1750 he was
elected Vicar-General, and three years later was installed Prior

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

493

of Bornhem. In the same year be was made Vicar-Provincial
for Belgium, and also took the Procuratorship in I 75 5. He
was re-elected Vicar-General in 1754, and quitted Bornhem in
1757, and returned to Aston-Flamville. Shortly afterwards he
removed to Sketchley, a few miles distant. In I 758 he was
elected Provincial, and returned in August of the same year to
the Convent at Brussels. Here he died, :J\larch 26, 17 6 3,
aged 67.
Palmer, Obituary ./.Votices, G.S.D.
. O!i-iJer, Collectiolls.
I. Theses Philosophicæ. Lovanii, 1724, -I-to. Also in Greek.
2. Theses Theologicæ de Deo ejusque Attributis, scientia,
voluntate, prædestinatione, gratia, justificatione, merito, actibus
humanis et peccatis. Lovanii, 17 2 5, 4to., unpaginated.
3. Conclusiones. Lovanii, 1727, 4 to ., a thesis both in Latin and Greek.
4. Theses Theologicæ de primo loco theologico, Incarnatione,
et Sacramentis in genere et specie. Lovanii, 1728, 4to., unpag.
5. Theses Theologicæ de Deo Trino, virtutibus theologicis, et
de justitia et jure. Cum responsione Apologetica (viz., Thesiam
anni 1728). Lovanii, 1729, 4to., unpag.
6. Theses Theologicæ de Deo uno ejusque attributis, de
Angelis, et religione: cum vindiciis responsionis apologeticæ.
Lovanii, 1730, 4to., unpag.
7. An Introduction to the Celebrated Devotion of the Most
Holy Rosary, to which is annexed a Method of Saying it accord-
ing to the Form prescribed by His Holiness, Pope Pius V., of the
Holy Order of Preachers. With some Additional Reflections
upon the Mysteries. London, T. Meighan, 1737, 12mo. pp. J44. Ded. to
Fris. Tourville, Esq., of Aston-Flamville. It is a very simple, clear, and
practical manual.
It was reprinted by an Irish Dominican, "An Essay on the Rosary of the
most Holy Name of Jesus, to which is subjoined An Introduction to the
Rosary of the B.V.l\1. (by T. C. Clarkeson), together with the Rosaries of the
Name of Jesus (by Joannes Micon) and of the B.V.:\l. (by St. Dominic). The
second edition, with additions and cuts. By J. O'Connor." Dublin, 17 8 8,
12mo.

Claxton, James, or Clarkson, priest and martyr, a native
of Yorkshire, studied at the English College at Rheims, where
he was ordained priest, and sent to the English mission in
15 82 .
He was apprehended and committed to prison in or before
1585, for he was one of those priests sent into banishment in
that year. But he courageously returned to his missionary
labours
and falling into the bands of the pursuivants, was tried

494

J3IBLIOGRAPHIC\.L DICTIONARY

and condemned under the statute of 27 Eliz., for being a
priest and remaining in this realm.
He was executed with the usual barbarities, between Brent-
ford
nd Hounslow, Aug, 28, 1588.
Cha/loller, .111 emoirs.
Claymond, John, D.D., \vas a native of Frampton, in
Lincolnshire. His parents, thougb not wealthy, were capable
of affording their son a liberal education. He was first sent
to a grammar-school in Oxford, thence entered Magdalen
College, where he became Fellow, was created D.D., and, about
1507, was elected President of the College.
His merits obtained him several valuable benefices. He
was, either successively or cumulatively, in possession of the
rectory of \Vestmongton, in Somersetshire; a Prebendary of
\Vells; the vicarage of Norton, in the diocese of Durham; as
also the rectory of Cleeve, a rich benefice in Gloucestershire.
His, however, was not a grasping nature, unless for the purpose
of putting his emoluments to the best use. His inclinations in
this respect are apparent by his parting with the advantageous-
position of President of Magdalen College for that of Corpus
Christi, founded by Richard Fox, Bishop of vVinchester, in
15 16, who looked upon Dr. Claymond as the most suitable
person to model the new college.
He lived to a very advanced age, dying Nov. 19, 1537.
His piety was remarkable, as well as his learning; even in
his-younger days his love and respect for the Blessed Sacra.
ment was so great that he usually styled himself Euekaristieæ
S er'i}1f s.
He was also a good critic and a cultured writer.
He left most of his property, in scholarships and other
benefactions, to Brazenose, l\1:agdalen, and Corpus Christi
Colleges. He corresponded with Grynæus, Erasmus, and
many learned men of his time.
Dodd, CIt. His!. 1.; Pitts, De II/us. Angl. Ser., p. 688.
I. Notæ et Observationes in Plinii Naturalem Historiam. 1\1S.
4 voìs., at Corpus Christi con.
2. Comment. in Auli Gellii Noct. Attic. Lib. viginti.
3. Comment. in Plautum. Lib. 1.
4. Epistolæ ad Simonem Grinæum. Lib. 1.
s. A Treatise of Repentance.
It does not appear that any of his works were published.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

495

Clayton, James, priest, confessor of the faith, was a native
of Sheffield, co. York. His father was a shoemaker, and he
himself was bound apprentice for seven years to a sickle and
shear smith. Hitherto he had received little or no education, but
he now devoted every opportunity to study, so tbat at length
he acquired a fair knowledge of Latin.
He appears to have been brought up in tbe new religion, but
his studies resulted in his conversion, and as soon as he was
able he went over to the English College at Rheims, in 1582,
where he studied Divinity three years, and in 1585 was
ordained priest and sent upon the mission in his native
district.
After nearly four years' missionary labour be was appre-
hended while visiting the Catholic prisoners in the gaol at
Derby. This was in 1588, immediately before Christmas.
At tbe next assizes be was arraigned and condemned to
death for exercising his priestly offices.
The jury were inclined to save him, and asked him privately
whether or no be was ordained priest by the Pope's authority.
To this question l\lr. Clayton replied, "Stick not upon that
point; who doubteth that so I was made by his authority."
Notwithstanding, at the earnest suit of one of his brothers
he was either reprieved or his execution delayed, but was
retained in prison, where his sufferings produced an illness of
.which he died, July 2
, 1588.
Dr. Humphrey Ely .(" Certain Brief Notes," &c., p. 206) inci-
dentally refers to l\1r. Clayton, "who being a smith in England
came to Rheims, and there travailed so much and profited
so well in his study, that Dr. Allen adjudged him worthy of
priesthood. He was not deceived in his judgment; for this
man after long imprisonment was at length condemned for his
faith, but died in prison before the day of execution."
In 1604, the wife of Laurence Clayton, of Sheffield, was
returned as a recusant of twelve years' standing, and Laurence
himself was denounced as not having communicated at Easter.
Nicholas Clayton, of Sheffield, was also a recusant.
It is therefore probable that the holy example and merits of
the confessor had procured the grace of conversion in his
family.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii. ; Do1tay Diaries; Peacock, York-
shire Papists, 1604.

49 6

DIBLI03RAPHICAL DICTIOX .-\RY

Clement, Cæ3ar, D.D., great-nephew of John Clement,
Esq., lVI.D., and nephew to the venerable l\1:other :l\1argaret,
Prioress of St. Ulsula's, Louvain, was sent to Douay when very
young, and accompanied the College in its removal to Rheims
in I 578. In the following year he proceeded to Rome, and
was admitted as a convictor in the English College, for his
humanity studies, by command of the Cardinal Protector
l\Ioroni. Shortly afterwards Dr. Allen obtained leave of the
Pope that he might be changed to an alumnus of the Holy
Father, who would in future pay his charges.
Having been ordained priest, he left Rome, in Oct. I 587, to
meet his father in Flanders, but was received in the College at
Rheims on the following Dec. I.
Continuing his studies, he received his degree of D.D. in one
of the Italian universities, and subsequently VIas made Dean of
St. Gudule's in Brussels, and Vicar-General of the King of
Spain's army in Flanders, a very influential and considerable
position, carrying with it the nomination and jurisdiction of the
rest of the chaplains.
In this position he was enabled to be of great service to his
countrymen in exile, who always found him ready to assist them.
It was to his influence and generosity that the English
nuns at Louvain owed their establishment and convent of
St. Monica. The prudence and disinterestedness which he
usually displayed gained him universal esteem, insomuch that
both public and private differences were often referred to his
arbitration.
The most notable instance in this respect, however, was an
unfortunate exception to the success which generally attended
his efforts. This was the visitation of Douay College, in which
he was commissioned by the Cardinal Protector Farnese, and
Guido, the Archbishop of Rhodes.
The commission for the visitation, in which Mr. Robert
Chambers, confessor to the Benedictine nuns at Brussels, was
joined with Dr. Clement, was dated Oct. 17, 161 2.
The clergy in England were still suffering from the effects of
the peculiar institution and jurisdiction of the Archpriest, and
now they were threatened with the loss of the government of
their College at Douay. After the decease of Cardinal Allen,
in 1594, the influence of Fr. Parsons at Rome had become
paramount as regards English affairs.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

497

Installed in tbe government of the seminaries abroad, the
Fathers of the Society had also acquired the principal, if not
the exclusive, patronag-e of the houses over which they presided.
Even at Douay the right of presentation, though nominally
confined to the Archpriest and the Superior of the Jesuits in
England, was gradually extended to other members of the
Order; and thus, while the clergy at home were debarred from
nominating to a vacancy, except through the Archpriest, the
Jesuit rcctors abroad were permitted to exercise the privilege,
as freely and as authoritatively, as if the College had been the
property of the Society.
On the death of Dr. Barret, in 1599, tbe members of the
College had petitioned for a president of their own nomination.
By the influence of Fr. Persons that suit was rejected, and
Dr. Thomas \Vorthington was appointed to the vacant office.
Innovations of various descriptions were gradually introduced:
the first step was to discard the confessor of the house and
to substitute a member of the Society in his place; the old
professors were removed, discipline was relaxed, and all the
most promising students were systematically transferred to
other seminaries, either in Rome or Spain, the result being the
gencral decadence of the College; the students were ordered
to frequent the Jesuit schools in Douay ; and, at the instance of
Fr. Persons, the General of the Society appointed an English
Jesuit to reside in Douay as confessor to the students. Fr.
Persons had also the management of the pensions annually
paid to the College by the Courts of Rome and Spain,
and the College was fast becoming a dependency of the
Society.
That such a state of things was most distressing and irritating
to the clergy is not surprising, and to this was added the general
discontent of the students, who petitioned that the College
might be relieved from the interference of the Jesuits and its
independence restored.
The tendency of the visitors was unfavourable to the students
and the clergy, and also to the administration of the President,
but the rules which were drawn up for the future management
of the establishment, as the result of the visitation, raised such
an outcry, both from the students and clergy, that ultimately,
before the close of 1613, Dr. \Vorthington was removed from
the government of the College, and Dr. Kellison, in whom the
YOLo 1. K K

49 8

EIELIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

clcrgy had great confidence, was installed in his place; the
Jesuit confessor was discharged, and the students who had been
dismissed were recalled.
Thus one of the great grievances of the clergy was removed;
for, superior in numbers, and equal in every quality that could
adorn the priesthood, they werc naturally indignant to find
tbemselves placed, as it were, under the tutelage of another
order of men.
Dodd speaks favourably of Dr. Clement, but the account he
gives of his policy does not accord with that of Canon Tierney.
Returning to his deanery at Brussels, he died Aug. 28,
1626.
Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. ii. ; Tierlley's Dodd, v., p. 3 et seq.,. F olcy,
Records SJ., Roman Diary
. DOZlay Diaries.
I. Report of the Visitation of Douay College by Dr. Cæsar
Clement and Mr. Robert Chambers, Nov. 1612, MS., of which Canon
Tierney remarks that it was evidently written under the influence of strong
feeling, and abounds with contradictions and misrepresentations.
2, Though no published work by Dr. Clement has been recorded, it is
evident from his letters that he was a man of great ability and learning.

Clement, John, M.D., is believed to have been a native of
Yorkshire, and first received his education at St. Paul's School.
He was then sent to Oxford, where he gave early tokens of
his future learning. It was his good fortune at an early period
to make the acquaintance of Sir Thomas More, who took him
into his family, made him tutor to his children, and evinced
the strongest regard for him. Though Sir Thomas himself
had already made considerable advances in learning, it was
chiefly through his daily intercoursc with Dr. Clement that he
further improved himself as a linguist.
About the year I 5 19 he was again at Oxford, and settled
in Corpus Christi College, having becn constituted Cardinal
Wolseys Rhetoric Reader in the University, and soon after-
wards Professor of Greek. These offices he filled with a succcss
and reputation unequalled in the schools on any former
occasion.
It does not appear that up to this period his studies had
been directed to any particular profession, but he now devoted
himself entirely to the pursuit of medical knowledge.
Thus IVlore, in one of his epistles in 152 I or 1522, men.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

499

tioning Lupset as professor of languages at Oxford, says,
"Successit enim J oanni Clementi meo, nam isse toto addixit
rei medicæ."
On Feb. I, 1528, Clement was admitted a Fellow of tbe
College of Physicians, and on the 16th of April following was
admitted an Elect; and he was one of the physicians sent by
IIenry VIII. to \Volsey, when he lay languishing at Esher, in
1529. He was Consiliarius in I 529 to I 53 I, and again in
I 547, and in I 544 was elected President.
About the year 1526, Dr. Clement married a lady named
1\!argaret Giggs, the daughter of a Norfolk gentleman, who
had been educated among Sir Thomas 1\'Iore's children, and in
great part by Clement himself. She was in truth a very
accomplished scholar, was little inferior to her husband in a
knowledge of the learned languages, and she gave him consider.
able assistance in his translations from tbe Greek. She shared
his joys and troubles for more than forty-four years, and died at
l\Iechlin, July 6, I 570. In an epitaph which Dr. Clement
wrote for her monument, among other subjects of praise, he
mentions her teaching her sons and daughter.5 Latin and
Greek.
Sincere and constant in his attachment to tbe ancient faith,
he left his native country and retired with his family to
Louvain, soon after the accession of Edward VI., in order that
he might follow the practices of his religion with more freedom.
Some circumstances, probably his intimate connection with
Sir Thomas l\10re, rendered him peculiarly obnoxious to the
Court, as he was, with some others, exempted from a general
pardon granted by Edward in 1552.
The accession of Queen Mary enabled him to return to
England, and notwithstanding his age and infirmities he was
elected Censor of the Royal College of Physicians in I 5 55, and
Consiliarius again in I 556 to I 558.
vVhen Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne, the old man
was obliged once more to forsake his country, and the
remainder of his life was spent, for the most part, at Mecblin,
where he died at his residence in Blocstrate, in St. John's
parish, July I, 1572, and was buried, the following day, in the
cathedral church of St. Rumbold in that city.
Dodd, Cll, His!.,. i1Ill1zk, Royal ColI. of Physicians.
KK2

500

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. Epigrammatum et aliorum carminum, lib. 1.
2. The Epistles of st. Gregory.Nazienzen. Translated from Gleek
into Latin.
3. Homilies of Nicephorus Calixtus, likewise a translation.
4. Epistles of Pope Celestin to Cyrillus, Bishop of Alexandria.
A translation.

Clement, Margaret, O.S.A., Prioress of St. Ursula's,
Louvain, was the daughter of Dr. John Clement, who left her
as a scholar at St. Ursula's, Louvain, when he returned to
England, at the accession of Queen IVlary, from his voluntary
banisbment for the sake of religion. The fame of this convent
at this time for the education of children was very great, and
besides, Elizabeth vVoodford was there, a religious who had
been ejected from her convent in England at the suppression
of the religious houses, and had lived privately in Dr. Clement's
house until she had gone over to Flanders. Dr. Clement
therefore was assured she would take care of his young
daughter.
After she had been a scholar five years, and one year and a
half a novice, she took the habit, and was professed Oct. I I,
1557.
In I 569 she was elected Prioress, and at her resignation,
when she had governed for thirty-eight years, and kept her
jubilee of fifty years of religion, in 1606, there were in the
cloister twenty-two English nuns besides the native religious.
Previous to this the good old Mother had been blind for three
or four years.
It was now thought advisable to separate the English from
the Dutch, and to found a new convent.
On St. Scholastica's Day, Feb. 10, 1608-9, the English nuns
departed from St. Ursula's and established a convent of their
own in Louvain, dedicated to St. IVlonica, of which :Mary
\Viseman was elected the first Superiore'\s; and here
ld
Mother l\Iargaret Clement ended her meritorious life, May 25,
1612.
It is stated in her life that she was well versed in the Greek
and Latin languages.
.lI1Òrris, Troubles, First Series,. OIi7./Cr, Collectiolls, p. I4ï.
I. The Life of Mother Clement, by Sister Elizabeth Shirley,
1611. l\1S. in possession of the Priory of our Blessed Lady of Nazareth, a

OF TIlE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

501

Bruges, from which extracts are printed in "The Troubles of our Catholic
Forefathers, related by themselves. First Series." By Fr. John Morris, S.J.
Lond. 1872. 8vo.

Clenock, Maurice, D.D., first Rector of the English
College, Rome, was a native of Wales, and devoting his studies
at Oxford principally to canon law, in which faculty he was
about six years professor, took his degrees of LL.D. and D.D.
In Queen 1iary's reign he was a Prebendary of York, almoner
and secretary to Cardinal Pole, and also Chancellor of the
Prerogative Court of Canterbury.
Upon the decease of Dr. William Glyn, Bishop of Bangor,
who died May 2 I, 1558, Dr. Clenock was nominated by the
Queen to he his successor, but owing to :rvlary's death he was
never consecrated.
A paper in the Vatican Collections, written apparently for
the enlightenment of the Holy See, describes Dr. Clenock as
a good man, but no preacher, still worthy of the See of
Bangor.
His refusal to comply with the change of religion under
Elizabeth, necessitated the surrender of all his preferments, and
leaving the kingdom he proceeded to Rome in company with
Thomas Goldwell, the Bishop of St. Asaph, who had been
deprived of his See. The two exiles bad apartments allotted
to them in the English Hospital, of which, in 1567, Dr.
Clenock was a Camerarius, and subsequently, in 1578, was
elected its Custos or \Varden.
At this time the Holy See, recognising the necessity of
supplementing the work commenced by Cardinal Allen at
Douay, had decided to erect in Rome a college for the educa-
tion of English missioners, and during Dr. Allen's second visit
to Rome, in 1575-6, it had been arranged that the first
students for the proposed foundation should be sent to it from
Douay.
Allen returned from Rome on July 30, 1576, and a fortnight
afterwards despatched thither \Villiam Holt, who had just been
ordained priest, and Ralph Standish, an acolyte. They were
to wait in Rome until the new college, which Gregory XIII.
intended tù combine with the English Hospital for pilgrims,
was ready to receive them. They were followed by others,
making a total of twenty-six, nearly all divinity students, before
the close of l\lay, I 578.

5 02

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

They were at first lodged, by the Pope's command, in some-
houses near St. Peter's, and there some of them were permitted
to reside in the Hospital, but the greater part were in a house
immediately adjoining the Hospital, which was united by means
of a passage opened for that purpose.
Dr. Clenock, the \Varden of the Hospital, was appointed, by
the Pope, Rector of the new college, and Ì\\-O Italian Jesuits
were employed, one as Procurator, and the other as Prefect,
\vhose acquaintance witb the Italian customs and language was
very necessary for the economy of the college.
At first everything went on successfully, though it appears
that Dr. Clenock's appointment had not the approval of
Dr. Allen, who deemed him unqualified for the position.
According to Cardinal Sega, in his report upon the English
College, Rome, in I 596, when Dr. Allen was obliged to return
to Flanders in 1576, he left the completion of the modelling of
the college to Dr. Owen Lewis, Bishop of Cassano.
This prelate is questionably stated in the report to have himself
aspired to the presidentship, but finding that it was the intention
of his Holiness, and the wish of nearly all the students then in
residence, that thé Fathers of the Society of Jesus should be
entrusted with the direction of the college, he saw fit to yield
for awhile, and of his own accord summoned two Fathers of the
Society, to whom be pledged himself that on the departure of
the chaplains who had hitherto served the Hospital, he would
take care that the entire government and administration of the
college should be handed over to the Society. Subsequent
events, the Cardinal asserts, tended to show that this was a
mere feint.
Previous to the departure of the other priests, to accommo-
date the students, six of the chaplains removed from their
lodgings, and were pensioned in the city, but Dr. Lewis
retained his intimate friend, confidant, and countryman,
Dr. Clenock, for whom he succeeded in obtaining the appoint-
ment of Rector in spite of the objections of the students.
But internal dissensions soon interfered with the pros-
perity of the college, and threatened it with disruption in its
very infancy.
The cause of this was the national rivalry and jealousy of
the English and \Velsb students. To govern a college which
contained members of these two nations required the greatest

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 0 3

prudence and impartiality. Unfortunately the Rector, Dr.
Clenock, was deficient in both these qualities. He was,
according to Cardinal Allen, "a very honest and friendly man,
and a great advancer of the students' and seminaries' cause."
But he was a \Velshman, and the English students thought
that he showed undue favour to his own countrymen, and had
admitted two of them who were unfit by reason of their age,
quality, and institution. The English in the college were
thirty-three or more in number to seven \Velshmen. :l\Iurmurs
and complaints were heard among them, until at last they
broke out in open mutiny (Feb. 1579), and declared to the
Cardinal Protector, and the Pope, that they would leave Rome
in a body and beg their way home, if necessary, unless some
other Rector was appointed in Dr. Clenock's place. At the
same time they petitioned the Pope to entrust the college to
the care and government of the Society. This petition had
been preceded by one signed by the chief of the malcontents,
Sherwin, Aray, Gower, and Haydock, and they were threatened
with expulsion by lVlorini, the Cardinal Protector, but before
that could be enforced, the second petition was drawn up by a
large majority of the students. and rather than submit to the
decision of the Protector, thirty-three of the students, all
English, voluntarily left the college, resolving to return to Douay
and Rheims, or to England.
The ] esuits, who were aware of the object, and bad con-
stantly seconded the efforts, of the refractory, now proclaimed
their friendship for the aggrieved students, and filled the pulpits
of Rome with appeals in their behalf. Through their interces-
sion with his Holiness it was concluded that the disaffected
should be recalled to the college, and that Dr. Clenock should
be removed from the rectorship.
One of the schemes proposed was that Dr. Clenock shoulå
retain his office of Custos or Warden of the Hospital with the
ancient rents of 500 crowns per annum thereto belonging, but
ultimately, before Cardinal Allen was consulted, it was decided
that Fr. Alphonsus Agazzari, S.]., should be installed in the
government of the college, and the Pope signed the bull on
April Z 3, I 579, by which the college was erected in the
Hospital of St. Thomas, with the two contiguous houses,
hitherto occupied by the chaplains or brethren of that estab-
lishment, with the whole of the rents and property which the

504

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTION:\RY

ancient Hospital had hitherto enjoyed, witb the accommodation
of the church of the Blessed Trinity and St. Thomas, and an
annual pension of 6,000 crowns.
\Vhen the bull was drawn up, an opposition to its ordinances
was immediately raised by Dr. Lewis and several of the ancient
clergy. The rights of the Hospital were asserted; the
ownership of the brethren was pleaded; and for more than
eighteen montbs the deprived chaplains continued to offer a
successful resistance to the wishes and the mandates of the
Pontiff.
At length a compromise was effected under the advice of
Cardinal Allen, whose dread was that the college would fall to
the ground. The Hospital, instead of being suppressed, was
united with the college, and on Dec. 24, 1580, the bull of
April 23, 1579, which had hitherto been withheld, was pub-
lisbed, and the students, under the] esuit Rector, removed from
the establishment near St. Peter's to their new residence.
On Dec. 29, the Feast of St. Thomas, Cardinal Buoncom-
pagni, having been appointed Protector, paid his first visit to the
college, and was received with great rejoicings on the part of
the students in their new abode.
The foundation of the college was to supply the English
mission with secular priests, and the arrangement by which the
interests oî the seculars were confided to the Jesuits naturally
gave rise to jealousies, dissensions, and complaints, which
continued until the cause was removed by their retirement from
the college, when the Society was suppressed in I 773.
To show the serious grievance under which the clergy lay, it
may be mentioned that between 1579, when the administration
oí the college was entrusted to the Fathers of the Society, and
1679, not less than 2} 6 of the students became Jesuits, and
59 of that number during the twelve years of Fr. Persons'
second rectorship, that is, more than half of the whole number
that were ordained during his rectorship. Six, however, of the
59 were only admitted i1l articulo mortis.
Dr. Clenock's subsequent career, or the date of his death, has
not been recorded, but as he must have been advanced in years
at the time of his removal from the college, it is not probable
that he survived that event very long.

Dodd, Ch. His!., vol. i. ; Tierney's Dodd, vol. ii. p. 167 et scq. ;

ÚF TIlE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

505

Foley, Rccords SJ., Roman Diary
. Kllox, preface DOZlay Diaries;
Brad,y, Epis. SucceSSiOll, vol. ii. p. 324; Kirk, Catk. 111iscel.,
vol. vi. 1826.

Clerk, John, Bishop of Batb and \Vells, received bis
education first at Cambridge, wþere he proceeded B.A. in
1499, and M.A. in 1502. Subsequently he went abroad and
commenced LL.D. at the University of Bologna. On his
return to England, he came under the notice of Cardinal
\Volsey, who made him his chaplain. He was instituted to the
rectory of Hothfield, Kent, in 1508, and occurs as Master of
God's House, Dover, in 1509-10. He was presented to the
rectory of Portishead, Somersetshire, in 15 13, and also had
the rectory of Ditchiat, in the same county, which he resigned
in I 5 17. He was instituted to the rectory of I vychurch,
Kent, in 15 14, and to the rectory of \Vest Tarring, Sussex, in
July following. Besides being chaplain to \V olsey, he was also
the King's Orator at Rome, and was col1é4.ted to the arch-
deaconry of Colchester in Oct. 15 19, and in the following
month was appointed Dean of \Vindsor, besides being Dean of
the King's Chapel.
Qualified by his education abroad for the transaction of
foreign affairs, he was frequently employed in that way, and
particularly was chosen to deliver the king's book against
Luther to Pope Leo X., which he presented in full consistory,
Sept. I 52 I, making a famous oration on the occasion.
On his return to England he was appointed IVlaster of the
Rolls in Oct. I 52:2, and he was further rewarded by his
appointment to the bishopric of Bath and \Vells, the papal
bull bearing date :March 26, 1523. In the following October
he resigned the Mastership of the Rolls. Being so frequently
employed in embassies abroad, his episcopal functions were for
the most part discharged by suffragans. His last embassy
was to the Duke of Cleves, in 1540, to explain the grounds of
the king's divorce from the Princess Anne, the Duke's sister,
but he ""é:.S taken ill on his return journey, and died at Dunkirk,
Jan. 3, I 540- I . It was suspected he was poisoned. In his
will, dated Sept. 23, I 540, and proved Jan. 17 following, he
desired to be buried at Calais, which was most probably carried
out, in spite of the contrary statement that he was interred in
the church of St. Botolph, Aldgate, at London.

50 G

EIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Though he was very active in the king's interest, both as to
the divorce and ecclesiastical supremacy, it is thought that be
died ill communion with the Church, for most of the bishops
afterwards excused themselves on account of the restraint put
upon them by the tyrannical king, and Bishop Clerk, dying
abroad; had nothing to apprehend from the king's displeasure,
and might endeavour to die according to his conscience, which
was done by many of his brethren.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,o Cooþer, Athcn. Calltab.
1. Oratio pro Hen. VIII. apud Leonem X. Pont. Mftx. in
exhibitione operis regii contra Lutherum in consistorio habitam.
Lond. 1521. 4to.
Trans. into English by T. \V. (Thomas \Vard ?). Lond. 168ï. 4to.
2. Letters from Rome.
3. A Defence of the Divorce from Queen Catharine.
4. A Defence of the King's title of Supreme Head of the Church.
The two latter works are said to have been written in conjunction with
Archbp. Cranmer.
5. Orations or Speeches on several occasions.

Clerk, John, priest, confessor of the faith, was educated
at the University of Oxford, and left it in order to improve
himself abroad. He became proficient in several modern lan-
guages, especially French, and while resident in Italy formed
the acquaintance of Dr. Richard Pace, with whom he ever after
continued a learned correspondence, and contracted so intimate
and unusual a friendship that they enjoyed almost everything
in common. After several years spent on the Continent he
returned to England, and his extraordinary qualifications secured
him the private secretaryship to Thomas, Duke of Norfolk.
He had the disadvantage of living in the most difficult times of
Henry VIII. and Edward VI., but this made no alteration in his
religious profession, and he resolutely adhered to the faith of
his ancestors. Notwithstanding the Duke of Norfolk's great
services in Ireland, he was committed to the Tower towards the
close of Henry's reign, where he was detained until the accession
of Queen :Mary. 1\1r. Clerk soon afterwards was likewise
thrown into prison, sacrificing his liberty rather than his con-
science, and on IVlay 10, I 552, he was found in his dungeon
strangled with his own girdle, leaving the world to speculate
upon the occasion and authors of his tragical end.
Dodd, Clz. Hist.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 0 7

I. Qpusculum plane divinum de Mortuorum Resurrectione,
& Extremo Judicio in quatuor Libris succincte conscriptum,
Latine, Anglice, Italice, Gallice. Lond. 1545. 4to.
2. Declaration of certain Articles, with the Recital of the
capital Errors against the same. Lond. 1546. 8vo.
3. Meditations on Death.
4. De Italica Declinatione Verborum.
5. A Treatise of Nobility, trans. from the French.

Clifford, Arthur, Esq., fifth son of the Hon. Thomas
Clifford (fourth son of Hugh, fourth Lord Clifford of Chudleigh),
by Barbara, youngest daughter and co-heiress of James, fifth
Lord Aston, of Tixall, was born in 1777.
lIe was educated at Douay College, and was imprisoned with
the professors and students after the seizure of the college by
the French revolutionists until their liberation, Feb. 25, 1795.
He married lVIatilda, daughter of Capt. John Macdonell, of
Leagh, co. Inverness. Many years of his life were spent at
Paris, where he wrote most of his works, and at 0!1e time he was
the editor of Galignani's paper.
He died at vVinchester in 1830, leaving behind him two
sons, one of whom was a Jesuit, and also a daughter.
Dr. Gillow, Seizure and Destnlctioll of the E1lg. ColI.,
Douay, illS..; I(irk, Biog. Collections, MSS.,o Foley, Records SJ.,
vol. v.
I. The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, Knight.
Banneret. Edited by A. C., Esq. To which is added a Memoir
of the Life of Sir Ralph Sadler, with Historical Notes, by Walter
Scott, Esq. Lond. 1809, 2 vols. 4to., with portraits, autographs, and other
embellishments, published from the originals preserved in the family of
Thomas Clifford, Esq. (afterwards Sir Thomas Clifford.Constable, Bart.), of
Tixall, co. Stafford, whose mother, the Hon. Barbara Aston, represented
Gertrude Sadler, Lady Aston, granddaughter and sole heiress of Sir Ralph
Sadler, of Standon Lordship, co. Herts. The collection consists of four
separate sets of letters relating almost entirely to the affairs of Scotland:
the first, on the negotiation for disuniting that kingdom from France, and
from the family alliance against England; the second, on the Scottish Re-
formation; the third, on the Rebellion in the North of England in 1569; and
the last, on the subject of Queen Mary. I .In these transactions Sir Ralph
Sadler, as ambassador from England, bore an important part, and displayed
great abilities as a statesman. His Letters and State Papers throw a strong
light on one of the most interesting periods of British history.
About the year 1794 Dr. Kirk, at the request of Sir Thomas Clifford-
Constable, undertook to decipher, copy, and prepare for publication these
curious and interesting do
uments; and Mr. Arthur Clifford in his prefaee

5 0S

DIDLIOC";RAPHIC\L DICTIOKARY

acknowledges that but for Dr. Kirk the work would, most probably, ha\"e
never seen the light.
2. Tixall Poetry; with Notes and Illustrations. Edin. 1813,
4 to ., d:::d. to the Hon. Lady Harriet Leveson Gower, dated Edinburgh,
July 5, 1813. In Drake's" Evenings in Autumn:J is a long- article on this
rather amusing work.
3. A Midnight Meditation among the Ruins at Tixall.
( 181 3 ?). 4to.
4. Tixall Joletters; or, Correspondence of the Aston Family,
and their Friends, during the 17th Century; with Notes and
Illustrations. Lond. 1815. 2 vols. 12mo.
5. Historical and Topographical Description of the Parish of
Tixall. Paris, 1817, 4to., portraits and plates. \Vritten in collaboration
with his brother, Sir Thomas Clifford. Privately printed.
6. Collectanea Cliffordiana, in three Parts, containing-I.
Anecdotes of illustrious Personages of the Name of Clifford.
II. Historical an d Genealogical Notices respecting the Origin
and Antiquity of the Clifford Family. III. Clifford, a Tragedy.
Paris, 1817, 8vo., pp, 7-218, and 9 leaves of introductory matter.
Part II I., pp. 145 and I leaf index; privately printed. Ded. to Lord
Clifford, of Chudleigh, and Sir Thomas Clifford, Bart., of Tixall, descendants
of \Yalter De Clifford, of Clifford Castle, co. Hereford; the Duke of De\"on-
shire, representative of the Cliffords, Earls of Cumberland; the Earl of
Thanet, descendant of the Cliffords, Lords of \Vestmoreland; the Right
Hon. Edw. Southwell, Lord De Cliflord; and to all other descendants and
connections of the Cliffords. The work contains many stories and anec-
dotes, besides historical matter, which will interest the general reader.
7. Galignani's Guide of Paris. Paris, 12mo.
8. Galignani's Guide of France. Paris, 12mo. 1822.
9. GalÏgnani's Guide of Italy. Paris, 12mo. 1823.
10. Galignani's Guide of Switzerland. Paris, 12l1iO. 1823.
I I. Antiquities and Anecdotes of the City of Paris, from the
earliest Records of History down to the Present Time.
I
. A Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Shrewsbury, on a
New Method of Teaching and Learning Languages: to which is
added a Specimen of an Introduction to the Latin Language.
Uxford, 18:!7. 8vo., 2 parts.
13. An Introduction to the Latin Language, in three parts;
with an Appendix and Supplement. Oxford (1828 ?). 8vo.
14. Instructions to Parents and Teachers, respecting the use
of Elementary Books, for the Latin Language, in five volumes.
Oxford, 1829. 12mo.
15. A Sketch of a New Method of Teaching and Learning the
Greek Language. Oxford, 1829. 8vo.

Clifford, Henry, Esq., the second son of the Hon.
Thomas Clifford and Barbara Aston, was born l\Iarch 2, 1768.
I Ie studied at Liége with his brother Sir Thomas, and on
his return to England applied himself to the la\\', and SOCI11

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 0 9

after the passing of the Catholic Bili of 1792, was called to
the Bar, and became an eminent pleader. He married Anne
Teresa, daughter of Edward Ferrers, Esq., of Baddesley Clinton,
and died in 1813.
Kirk, Biog. Collectio1ls, lIISS.
I. Reflections on the Appointment of a Catholic Bishop to the
London District, in a Letter to the Catholic Laity of the said
District. Lond. (1791 ?). 8yo. Rclatiye to Bishop Douglass.
2. A Report of the Two Cases of Controverted Elections of
the Borough of Southwark, which were tried by Select Com-
mittees of the House of Commons during the First Session of
the 18th Parliament of Great Britain. With Notes and Illustra-
tions. To which are added, an Account of the two subsequent
Cases of the City of Canterbury, and an Appendix on the Right of
the Returning Officer to administer the Oath of Supremacy to
Catholics. Lond. 1797, 8\"0.; Lond. 1802, 8vo.
3. The Argument in the Court of King's Bench on a Motion
for an Habeas Corpus: and Remarks on the Judgement of that
Court. Lond. 1800. 8vo.
Relative to the Proceedings of the House of Lords in the Case of
E. Flowe.
4, C. for ever! O. P. and no P. B. The Trial between H. C.,
Plaintiff, and J. Brandon, Defendant, for an assault and false
imprisonment, Oct. 31, 1809. Lond. (1809). 8vo.
5, The whole Proceedings on Trial of an Action brought by
Henry Clifford, Esq., against Mr. J. Brandon, for an assault and
false imprisonment on Dec. 5, 1809. Taken in shorthand by
Messrs. Blanchard and Ramsey. Lond. 1809. 8vo.
6. A Poetical Epistle to Henry Clifford, Esq., on the late
Disturbances in Covent Garden Theatre. Edinburgh, 1810. 8vo.

Clifford, Hugh Charles, eighth Lord, of Chudleigh, born
l\Iay 20, 1790, at New Park, Somerset, was eldest son of
Charles, seventh Lord Clifford, by Eleanor Mary, daughter of
Henry, eighth Lord Arundell of vVardour, and co-heiress to a
moiety of the Barony of Fitz-Payne, of Kerdeston, so created
by writ in 1299. He was educated at Stonyhurst, and after-
wards travelled on the Continent, and spent some time in a
tour through the southern nations of Europe.
Civil disabilities which still hung over the English Catholics
down to 1829, prevented Lord Clifford from taking a place in
the Lower House of the Legislature, and accordingly he devoted
himself to studious pursuits.
Amongst other matters, whilst abroad, he made a large
collection of all the catechetical works of instruction authorized

5 1 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

by the several religious communities of the Continent, both
Catholic and Protestant, from which he gave to the world some
useful extracts in his "Statement of Reasons," &c., published
in I 8 19.
He succeeded to the barony on his father's decease, April 29,
183 I, having previously married, in 18 I 8, :l\Iary Lucy, only
daughter of Thomas vVeld, Esq., of Lulworth Castle, who, after
the decease of his wife, entered Holy Orders, and became Bishop
of Amyc1a, ill þartibus, and eventually was honoured with the
Roman purple.
Lord Clifford in his latter years resided entirely in Italy,
dividing his time between Rome and his house in the neigh.
bourhood of Tivoli.
He died at Rome, Feb. 28, 1858, aged 67. He was a
Count of the Holy Roman Empire.
Tablet, l\1::arch 13, 1858; Burke, Peerage.
I. A Statement of Reasons why the R. R. the Bench of Bishops
of the Established Church of England and ;t:reland ought not to
be called upon by the House of Lords by Earl Grey for the Aboli-
tion of the Declarations of the 25th and 30th of Charles II. Lohd.
1819. 8vo.
2. A Letter .from a distinguished English Commoner (the
R. Hon. E. Burke) on the Repeal of a part of the Penal Laws
against Irish Catholics in 1785. Lond. (1824). 8vo.
3. A Letter to the R. R. Dr. Phil potts, Lord Bishop of Exeter,
on his Lordship's Speech in the House of Lords, June 19,1839,
on the Order of the Day for going into Committee on the
Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Bill being read. Lond. 1840.
8vo.
On this occasion Dr. Philpotts had taunted with forgetfulness of the terms
of the Catholic oath, and, in effect, with perjury, such Catholic members of
the Upper and Lower Houses as gave their votes, either as present or by
proxy, in favour of Lord :Melbourne's existing Government. To this speech
Lord Clifford rather pointedly replied by saying that Her Majesty, he
believed, was finnly attached to the Established Church, and that as she had
been pleased to entrust to Lord Melbourne the management of affairs with
respect to that department, he could not be violating the Catholic oath by
supporting a Minister of Her Majesty's own sel
ction.
4. Letters addressed to the Right Hon. Lord Alvanley, on
his Pamphlet, entitled, The State of Ireland Considered, and
Measures proposed for restoring Tranquillity to that Country.
Lond. 1841. 8vo.
5. Roman Catholics in India. Speech of Lord Clifford (with
Lord Ellenborough's Reply) in the House of Lords, Sept. 23, 184l.
Lond. 1841. 8vo.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 1 1

6. Letters to the Editors of the Morning Chronicle and Tablet
newspapers on East India Affairs; together with various Docu-
ments alluded to therein. Lond. 1841. 8vo.
7. A Letter to the Editor of the Bombay Times (in defence of
Whig policy towards Hindostan, &c.), with Prefatory Remarks,
and an Appendix. Lond. 18.p. 8vo.
8. A Letter to the Editor of the Tablet (on East India affairs).
(Lond.) 18.p, s. she fol.
9. Petition of P. Gordon presented to the House of Lords by
Lord Clifford, together with Observations by his Lordship. Lond.
I 8.p. 8vo.
10. Roman Catholics in India. Speech of Lord Clifford on
presenting Petitions (complaining of grievances, &c.), with Lord
Fitzgerald and Vesci's Reply in the House of Lords, May 10, 1842.
Lond. 1842. 8vo.
I I. To the Earl of Winchilsea. (An Answer to Lord Win.
chilsea's Speech in the House of Lords on the Maynooth College
question.) (Lond. 1845). 8vo.
12. To the Editor of the Morning Chronicle. (A Letter on
the subject of the Maynooth Endowment Bill, &c.). (Lond.
1845). 8vo.

Clifford, Robert Edward, Hon., third son of Hugh,
fifth Lord Clifford, by his wife, Lady Ann Lee, was born in
17 6 7.
He resided principally in France, where he died unmarried,
in 1817.

Burke, Peerage.
I. Memoirs, illustrating the History of Jacobinism. A transla-
tion from the French of A. Barrue!. Lond. 17 8 9,4 vols. 8vo.; 1797,
&c., 8vo.; Lond., Booker, 1798,4 vols. 8vo.
This was said by Charles Butler to be the best account of the exertions
of the French philosophers to produce a new order of things in Church and
State.
2. Revolution de Paris, published from 1789-94, giving original
accounts of events as they -transpired from day to day. This paper was
completed in 14 vols. 8vo., and full sets are rare.
3. The Crimes of the French Revolution. A translation from
Prudhomme. 1796. 6 vols. 8vo.
4. The Application of Barruel's Memoirs of Jacobinism to the
Secret Societies of Ireland and Great Britain, by the translator of
that work. 1798.8vo.
5. Parallel of Romé de PIsle's and the Abbé Haüy's Theories
of Crystallography. Translated from the French of A. Q. Buée.
1804. 8vo.

5 12

TIIDLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTION.\RY

Clifford, Thomas, Lord Clifford, statesman, born at
U gbrook, in the parish of ChuJleigh, in Devonshire, Aug. I,
1630, was the son of Hugh Clifford, by l\1::ary, daughter of
Sir George Chudleigh, of Ashton, in the county of Devonshire,
Bart. He was entered a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford,
May 25, 1647, and subsequently studied law in one of the
Inns of Court.
He attended Charles II. in exile, and availed himself of the
opportunity to increase his knowledge in languages and the
ways and customs of foreign statesmen. It was during this
period, according to Burnet, that he was reconciled to the
Catholic Church.
After the Restoration he represented Totnes in the Parlia-
ment which commenced in April, 1660, and was again returned
for the same borough in IVlay, 166 I .
Several remarkable speeches in favour of the royal preroga-
tive made him a favourite at Court, and he was rewarded with
the honour of knighthood. In 1665 he served in the fleet
under the Duke of York, and distinguished himself in the
engagement with the Dutch in June of that year. He con.
tinued in that service under the Earl of Sandwich, and displayed
great bravery in the attack made upon the Dutch fleet at
Bergen, in Norway, Aug. 2, 1665. Towards the close of the
year he was sent to the Courts of Denmark and Sweden to
conclude new treaties and alliances.
In the following rear he attended his Highness Prince
Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle against the Dutch, and
was in that memorable naval engagement which continued
during the whole of the four first days in June, and subse-
quently he was engaged in another action on the 25th of the
following month. He was then recalled to the Court, and
Nov. 8, 1666, was made Comptroller of the Household, and,
Dec. 5, sworn of the Privy Council. Two years later he became
Treasurer of the Household, and about the sa.me time was
appointed one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury.
During the absence of the Earl of Arlington and Henry
Coventry, on an embassy abroaJ in 1672, he acted as chief
Secretary of State. On April 22, in that year, he was created
Baron Clifford of Chudleigh in Devonshire, and, Nov. 28 follow-
ing, he was further ad,'anced to the dignity of Lord High
Treasurer of England. But the same fate which attends most

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 1 3

great favourites stripped him at once of all this worldly
pageantry. Both he and his patron, the author of his rise, the
Duke of York, were more than suspected to be privately in
communion with the Catholic Church, and as the suspicion
increased it was apprehended that such powerful advocates
would favour the Catholic cause. The desire to prevent this
suggested the Test Act to Parliament, which disabled all Peers
from sitting in the House of Lords, or bearing any office either
civil or military, who did not renounce by oath the Papal
ecclesiastical supremacy, transubstantiation, &c.
Lord Clifford would not injure his conscience by such com.
pliance, and consequently resigned the white staff into the hands
of Sir Thomas Osborn, June 19, 1673. The other Catholics
who held places in the Government were also obliged to sur-
render, and only the Duke of York was exempt by special
clause in the Act.
Lord Clifford, as being one of the l\linistry called the Cabal,
was accused of attempting to further Popery and arbitrary
power. Death, however, prevented his further prosecution; he
died about the beginning of the ensuing winter. The other
members of the Cabal were Arlington, Shaftesbury, Lauderdale,
and Buckingham. Shaftesbury forsook the party in time;
Buckingham endeavoured to clear himself by impeaching
Arlington, but was removed from the Council; Arlington was
impeached for high crimes, misdemeanours, and treåson, but
escaped by truckling and acting the part of patriot, even so far
as to countenance the persecution of Catholics; and Lauderdale
was favoured by the king's especial protection, and it must be
observed that Burnet, though one of his domestics, appeared as
an informer against him.

Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. The Lord Chancellor's (Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl
of Shaftesbury) Speech upon the Lord Treasurer's (Sir T.
Clifford) taking his Oath in the Exchequer, Dec. 5, 1672. Lond.
16 7 2 , fo1. pp. 4.
2. T. Cliflbrds Engelse en Schotse gravamindes, beneffens des
Parlaments procedueren tegen de Lords Arlington, Buckingham
en Lauderdale, &c. (Amsterdam?) 1674. 4to. 2 pts.

Clifford, Thomas Hugh, vide Sir Thomas Clifford-
Constable, Bart.
VOL. I. L L

5 1 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Clifford William, divine, was the son of Henry Clifford,
of Brackenburgh, Esq., by his wife Eliza Thimelby, of Irnham
Hall, co. Lincoln.
Lineally descended from the ancient and noble family of
the Cliffords, who were first created Barons anù afterwards
Earls of Cumberland, by the right of succession the barony fell
to him, the earldom being a later creation than the ancestor
from whom he was descended, but his humility prevented him
from asserting his claim.
He was educated at Douay College, where he was ordained
priest, and from whence he came on the English mission.
The English College at Lisbon, having been lately founded,
was in great need, at this period, of able and discreet superiors
to undertake the government, and the Bishop of Chalcedon
persuaded I\lr. Clifford to accept the presidency, a position
which his great humility rendered little tù his taste, which was
rather to obey than command. The Bishop, however, was not
mistaken in his choice and the judgment he had formed of his
abilities. The difficulties Mr. Clifford had to struggle with
were incredible, both from the strange humours of the founder
and the extreme poverty the house laboured under; yet by
his patience with the one and his wise conduct and manage-
ment of the other, he so far overcame all that he was soon able
to leave the College in a flourishing condition.
Anyone acquainted with the history of that College cannot
be otherwise than convinced that its preservation was owing to
the prudence, patience, and piety of Mr. Clifford.
He was next employed in the government of Tournay
College, at Paris, which the Cardinal Richelieu granted to the
Bishop of Chalcedon for the education of the English clergy.
After some years he retired to the Hôpital des Incurables,
in Paris, where he divided his time between his own private
devotions and his charitable assistance to the poor infirm
inmates of the hospital, whom he often served with his own
hands, and edified with his pious discourses. But the charity
he showed them did not make him forget the poor of his
own country, for during his retreat in that hospital he com-
posed two excellent books for their use, the one called
"Christian Rules," and the other If The Poor I\lan's Manua1."
I\lr. Clifford's virtues were so highly esteemed by his
brethren, that frequent efforts were made to draw him from his

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 1 5

retreat, and promote him in recognition of his merits, which be
invariably met with refusal. In 1660 his name was on the
list for the episcopacy, in conjunction with l\1::r. Carr, Mr. Lee,
Mr. Falconer, Mr. Ellis, and Mr. Lassels. Dr. Gage was
despatched to Rome in the interests of the Chapter, and he
was resolved to use his influence to obtain Mr. Clifford's
appointment. On the latter being informed of this, he was so
put about as to endanger an old friendship. 'VVhen Dr. George
Leyburn resigned the presidency of Douay College, in 1670,
the clergy desired Mr. Clifford to be installed in his place,
which he refused with his usual resolution and tokens of dis.
pleasure.
A few months later he willingly embraced a preferment in
the next life-the only one he sought. He died, after a long
illness, April 30, 1670, in the Hôpital des Incurables, and
was buried according to his own request in the adjoining
churchyard.
Under the veil of humility he concealed many rare qualities,
seldom appearing publicly but when called to plead the cause
of distress, or reconcile party differences, the two objects
which were nearest his heart. It was observed that he never
sided with the passions of men, though he might hold the
strongest respect imaginable for their personal character or
.causes. This was his invariable rule in the many controversies
which excited the clergy in his day. In fine, the poor were
his care during life, and he was not unmindful of them in
death, for he bequeathed the interest of two hundred pounds
for ever, to be devoted to the publication of his "Poor Man's
Manual," which he strictly enjoined should be distributed
gratis.
His mother, after her husband's death, joined the English
Augustinian nuns at Louvain, at the age of 50, and made her
profession Oct. I I, I 6 I 5. She was a con vert, and had
suffered much for conscience' sake. She died Sept. 3, 1642.
In the convent she used facetiously to call Mr. Clifford "our
.son," an expression which often raised a smile.

Dodd.. Cft. Hist.
' Kirk, Biog. Collections, M SS

I. Christian Rules proposed to a vertuous Soule aspiring to
Holy Perfection, whereby shee may regulate both her Time and
Actions for the obtaining of her happy end. 1655J J2mo. : (Paris),
LL2

5 16

BIBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTIONARY

1659, 12mo., ded. to his dearest friend, Mrs. U. Clifford; 3rd edit., renewed
and augmented by the author, \V. C. (Paris), 1665, 121110., title 1 f., epistle
ded. and contents 14 ff., pp. 399.
2. The Spirituall Combat, worthily termed a Golden
Treatise of Christian Perfection. Translated out of the truest
coppies in severall languages by R. R. With a Letter of
S. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, &c., to Valerian. Paris, 1656, 48mo.,
pp. 271. Ded. to the Hon. and Rev. 1\1. \Valter Montague, Abbot of
S. Martin of Ponthoise; second ded. to his noble and dearest friend,
lrs.
Ursula Clifford. St. Eucherius to Valerian, preface 2 ff., signed \V. c.,
pp. 104, dated Sept. 30, 1656, table 3 ff.
3. A little Manual of the Poore Man's Dayly Devotion. Col-
lected out of severall pious and approved authors by W. C.
2nd edit., Paris, 1670, 121110.; 4th edit., "In which are added the Jesus
Psalter, with a Litany of our Saviour's Passion; as also a Treatise of the
Devotion of the Beads and Rosary; and the whole disposed in a better order
than in the first edition, by the Author. To which is added a Calendar,"
Lond. Matt. Turner, 1687, title I leaf, epistle pp. vi., Calendar, &c., 8 leaves,
PP.429, 121110.; Lond. 1705, 5th edit. ; often reprinted.
4. Observations upon all the Kings' Reigns since the Conquest.
MS.
5. Collections concerning the Chief Points of Controversy r
MS.
Clifton, Cuthbert, a colonel in the Royal army, was
killed at l\lanchester during the Civil \Vars. He was the
eldest son of Thomas Clifton, of \Vestby and Lytham, Esq.,
by Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Cuthbert Halsall,
Knt., of Halsall, Clifton, and Salwick, whose father had inherited
the two latter estates from his grandmother, the daughter and
sole heiress of Cuthbert Clifton, Esq., and they were thus-
restored to the Clifton family.
Colonel Clifton married Marg3.ret, daughter and sole heiress
of George Ireland, of Southworth, Esq., but leaving no issue
was succeeded by his brother Thomas Clifton, who in 1662
was created a baronet in recognition of his services to the
Royal cause during the Civil \Vars. The title, however, ex.
pired with him, in 1694, for his only son predeceased him.
The Clifton family at this period was exceedingly numerous
in the Fylde, and the Recusant Rolls testify to the admirable
manner in which it adhered to the faith.
Castlemaill.CatkApology..Gillow.Lallc.Rccltsallts.MS.

Clifton, Francis, a captain in the Royal army, lost his
life at the battle of Newbury, Sept. 28, 1643. He was a

OF TI-IE EXGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 1 7

younger son of Sir Cuthbert Clifton, of Westby, co. Lancaster 7
Knt., by his second wife Dorothy, daughter of Sir Thomas
Smith, of vVooton vVawen, co. \Varwick. His half-brother,
Cuthbert Clifton, was a Jesuit, and died at Garswood, the seat
of his brother-in-law, Sir William Gerard, in 1675, aged 64.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.

Clifton, John, a captain in the Royal army, is said to have
been killed with his brother Laurence at Shelford lVlanor, but
another account states that he lost his life at Bradford.
Castlemain, Cath. Apology; Challoller, Memoirs.

Clifton, Laurence, a major in the Royal army, was killed
at Shelford Manor-house, in Lincolnshire, and was own brother
to Francis and John Clifton, who likewise lost their lives during
the Civil Wars.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.

Clifton, Thomas, priest and confessor of the faith, a
native of Kent, was ordained priest at Douay College, i.n 1579,
and was sent to the English mission in the following year.
His apprehension must have been almost immediately after
his arrival in England, and he was thrown into one of the
London prisons. He was tried and condemned to perpetual
imprisonment and committed back to N ewgate, where his
hands, feet, and neck were chained in such a manner that he
could neither sit down nor stir out of his place all the day, and
every night he was put into a horrid and darksome dunge
n.
He was still suffering this confinement in 1585, though con

sidering what he had undergone it seemed like a miracle.
Dodd makes a priest of this name suffer at London, con-
demned on account of his priestly character, in 1597, and
thought he was probably the one who was condemned to per-
petual imprisonment in 158 I.
Challoller, Memoirs; Dodd, Ch. Hist.

Clinton, Alexander, S.J., vide Alexander McKenzie.

Clitherow, Margaret, martyr, was the daughter of
Thomas Myddleton, of the city of York, who was Sheriff there
in 1564-5, and died in May, 1567. His wiàow, Jane, is said

5 18

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

to have married Henry Maye, who was subsequently Lord
Mayor when his stepdaughter was martyred.
On July I) 1 57 I, Margaret M yddleton married John
Clitherow, a wealthy tradesman of York, who was a chamber.
lain of the city, and though he himself conformed to the
Established Church, his brother \Villiam was a priest, ordained
at Douay College in 1 582; and Thomas Clitherow, who was
imprisoned in the Castle of York on account of his religion in
1600, was probably another brother. Of their sons, Henry
and William went abroad to study for the priesthood, the one
to Rome and the other to Rheims. The latter was imprisoned
in York Castle in 1618, and shortly after banished.
Their daughter, Anne, a girl of twelve, to whom her mother
sent her hose and shoes, just before her barbarous execution,
to signify that she was to follow in her steps, was imprisoned
in Lancaster Castle, and only obtained her release through the
influence of the Lord Mayor of York, in 1 593, who addressed
a letter to the Earl of Derby in her behalf at the instance of
her father. She afterwards became a nun at St. Ursula's
Convent, Louvain.
Mrs. Margaret Clitherow, whose life was written at con-
siderable length by John Mush, a secular priest, was endowed
with extraordinary virtues, and her zeal and fervour for the faith
knew no bounds.
She thus came under the observation of the authorities, and
after suffering many persecutions was at length arraigned at the
York assizes, March 14, 1586, before the two judges, Clinch and
Rhoaes, and several of the Council sitting with them on the
bench.
Her indictment was that she had harboured and maintained
Jesuit and Seminary priests, that she had heard IVlass, and
such like; but she refused to plead, that she might not bring
others into danger by her conviction.
The court therefore adjourned, and during the night sent
to her cell Parson \Viggington, a Puritan preacher, to try and
cor.vert her.
On the following ùay she was again placed at the bar, and
it appeared that there were no witnesses to produce against her
except a boy, which even excited the compassion and indigna-
tion of Parson Wiggington, who stood up in the court and gave
vent to his feelings.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

519

But l\1rs. Clitherow still refused to plead, and Clinch, the
judge, passed the following sentence :-" You must return from
whence you came, and there, in the lowest part of the prison,
be stripped naked, laid down, your back upon the ground, and
as much weight laid upon you as you are able to bear, and so
to continue three days without meat or drink, except a little
barley bread and puddle water, and the third day to be
pressed to death, your hands and feet tied to posts, and a sharp
stone under your back."
It seems hardly credible that such an abominable sentence
could have polluted the administration of English justice even
in this corrupt age.
Some delay took place in its immediate execution on
account of l\1rs. Clitherow being with child, which was confirmed
by the evidence of four matrons; and as usual numbers of
parsons and fanatical zealots were admitted to interview and
interrogate her, adding intensely to her suffering.
On Lady-day, March 25, 1586, about eight o'clock in the
morning, l\'1argaret Clitherow was brought out of the prison on
Ousebridge to the toll-booth, six or seven yards distånt, and
there, over the waters of the Ouse, the horrible sentence of
pressure to death was executed.
.ltIorris, Troubles, Third Series
. ChatlOller, J1fe1lloirs.
I. The Life of Margaret Clitherow, by Mr. John Mush, Priest.
l\IS. in the possession of Wm. l\liddelton, of Myddelton Lodge and Stockeld.
Mr. Mush was !\Irs. Clitherow's spiritual director. Another MS. copy of this
Life is at Oscott College, and a third, not differing much from the preceding
in the meaning of the phrases, but containing a very large number of verbal
differences, " now newly transcribed out of an old manuscript by Robt. Setg r ,
1654," is preserved at St. Mary's Convent, York Bar. This latter was edited
in 1849 by W. Nicholson, Esq. Mr. Middelton's MS., which is of much
earlier date than that belonging to the Convent, has been most ably edited
by Fr.] ohn Morris, S.]., in his" Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, Third
Series," 1877.
2. Life and Death of Margaret Clitherow, the Martyr of York,
now first published from the original manuscript, and edited by
W. Nicholson, Esq., of Thelwall Hall, Cheshire. Lond., Derby
(printed 1849), 12mo., with the History of Mrs. M. Ward, and the History of
A. Line, Gentlewoman. \Vith a portrait of the martyr.
Coates, George, Bishop of Chester, educated at Oxford,
was admitted Fellow of Magdalen College in 1526. Having
received his degree of D.D., he was chosen l\iaster of Balliol
College in I 5 39.

5 20

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

In the first year of the reign of Queen Mary, the See of
Chester being vacant by the deprivation of John Bird, Dr.
Coates was selected by Cardinal Pole to succeed him, and was
consecrated April I, 1554, a dignity which he retained until his
death, in the beginning of Dec., 1555.
He was succeeded by Cuthbert Scott, D.D., of the University
of Cambridge, who was the last Catholic Bishop of that See.
Dodd, Ch. His!.; Brady, Episc. Successio1l.

Coates, John, priest, born at Alnwick, April 4, 1700, was
sent to Douay, and took the College oath, Dec. 27, 1720,
Here he distinguished himself by his talents, his piety, and
particularly by his humility, and he was generally at the head
of his schools. After his ordination he taught philosophy for
some two years, and in Aug. I 730, came on the mission, and
lived s
ven years at Hardwick. In 1737 he removed to
N ether Witton, and in 1773 he retired to Witton-Shields. The
chapel at South Shields appears to have been first erected by
him in 1783. He died July 8, 1794, aged 94.
He was chosen Archdeacon of the Chapter, Oct. 12, 1762.
Kirk, Biog. Collecti011s, M S S.,. Douay Dzaries.
I. A Catechism, printed in the North.

Codrington, Thomas, divine, was educated and ordained
priest at Douay College, where he became an eminent professor
of humanity. Afterwards, on the invitation of Cardinal Howard,
he proceeded to Rome and became his chaplain and secretary.
In July, 1684, he returned to England, in company with
Sir John Yate, Bart., and in the following year James II.
appointed him royal chaplain and preacher. At the Revo-
lution, in 1688, he shared the fate of his royal master, and
followed him to St. Germains, where he continued in the office
of chaplain until his death, about 169 I.
While Mr. Codrington was at Rome, he seems to have
enrolled himself amongst the members of the German Institute
of Secular Priests living in common or in community, and
on his return to England, in 1684, he and his companion,
Mr. John 1iorgan, were appointed Procurators, by Hofer, the
President, and Appelius, the Procurator-General at Rome, to
introduce, promote, and spread the Institute in England.
The Institute was founded in Bavaria by Bartholomew

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

'52 I

Holtzhauser, and at the instance of several of the German
princes, ecclesiastical and secular, its Constitutions were
approved by Innocent XI. in 1680. It met with a warm
approver and supporter in the person of Cardinal Howard, at
that time the Protector of England and at the head of the
English mission.
The primary object of the Institute was to induce two or
more parish priests to live in common and in the same house,
with the exclusion of all female attendance, and in subjection,
without the exemptions of Regulars, to the Ordinary of the
diocese.
Mr. Codrington was the bearer of a letter from Cardinal
Howard, addressed to the Secular Clergy of England, in which
he exhorted them to become members of the Institute.
Appelius also sent a letter by him to Dr. Perrot, the Dean of
the Chapter, to the same effect, and delivered to him a Brevis
/llformatio, in which he described at length the manner in
which the English clergy, in their present circumstances, might
become members of the Institute and conform themselves to its
Constitutions.
In 1697 these were published in England, with the title,
"Constitutiones Clericorum Sæcularium in communi viventium
aSS. D. N. Innoc. XI. stabilitæ, novi CIeri Sæcularis Anglicani
pro temporum circumstantiis accommodata, & à RR. DD.
Episcopis approbatæ."
From the preface it appears that, in the two preceding years
especially, several of the English clergy became members of
the Institute. Among these, in the London district, were the
respectable names of Andrew Giffard, brother of the Bishop,
and Dr. Jones, both Grand-Vicars of Bishop Giffard, with
Ï\'lr. Parsons and Mr. Pygott. In the Midland district, or
rather in the Staffordshire district, which comprised Stafford-
shire, Shropshire, Derby, and \Vorcestershire. the Institute was
embraced by Daniel and Francis Fitter, Andrew Bromwich,
Francis Richardson, Ralph Clayton, Robert \V oodroffe, Edward
Coyney, John Millar, and Robert Fitzherbert.
They also endeavoured to introduce the Institute into all
the Colleges subject to the jurisdiction of the Cardinal Protector,
and to make that introduction even obligatory on their
Superiors by a decree, for which they assigned many reasons.
On this subject l\ir. Codrington wrote from Rome to Dr. Smith,

5 22

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

the then President of Douay College, but it does not appear
that any such decree was ever obtained from Rome.
Considerable opposition, however, was made to it, especially
by the Chapter. " It may be wondered," says Mr. Ward in his
History of the Chapter (MS.), "what should move, or rather
transport, some few of our brethren to invent a particular body
or society of clergymen, called Ùl com:mmzi viventi21m, in
imitation, though but in very few things, of the German
Institute, wholly impracticable here, and unsuitable to our cir..
cumstances ; having in Bishop Smith's golden treatise, 'Monita
utilia pro Missionariis in Anglia,' and the Appendix, all that is
proper for our state and condition in England."
The publication of the previously mentioned Constitutions
drew from the pen of John Sergeant, the celebrated contro-
versialist, and in the name of the Chapter, of which he was a
distinguished member, cc A Letter to our worthy Brethren of the
new Institute." It displays temper, but is written with great
earnestness. After proving that the Constitutions are not those
approved by the Pope, he shows the utter impracticability of
applying such rules to a country circumstanced as England
then was; moreover, it did not appear that the Bishops had
given the approbation professed in the publication. He also
showed the dangers which the adoption of the Institute would
create, and he denounced those who, by thus "forming them.
celves into a distinct party, have broken the union of the clergy,
and sown the seeds of a perpetual dissension between the
separating party and the standing body."
This letter seems to have given the death-blow to the
Institute, which Bishop Giffard, who removed to the London
district in 1703, " for very good reasons," says l\1r. Brockholes,
" thought proper to abolish."
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,. Kirk, Biog. Collections,lIfSS.
I. A Sermon [on Luke xxi. 27] preached before their Majesties.
in St. James's, on Advent Sunday, Nov. 28, 1686. Lond. 1741. 8vo.
2. A Sermon [on Luke xviii. 35,38] preached before the Queen
Dowager, at Somerset House, Feb. 6, 1687. Lond. 1687. 4 to .

Coffin, Edward, Father S.J., alias Hatton, born at
Exeter in I 570, was sent to the English College at Rheims in
I 585, and left for Ingoldstadt in the following year, from
whence he proceeded to the English College, Rome, in I 5 88 .

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 2 3

Here he was ordained priest in I 593, and was sent to the
English mission in the following year.
Five years later he joined the Society, and while on his way
to the novitiate in Flanders, he was seized by the Dutch, at
Lillo, near Antwerp, and sent back a prisoner to England,
where he pasesd five years in the dungeons of Newgate and
Framlingham, until the accession of James 1., in 1603, when
he was banished the country with many other priests and
Jesuits.
Having spent twenty years as Confessor in the English
College, Rome, he courageously petitioned to be sent back to
the English mission, but died at St. Omer's College on his
journey, April 17, 1626, aged 56.
He left behind him the reputation of great learning, perfect
integrity, and unaffected piety.
Oliver, Collcctallca SJ.; Foley, Collcctmzca S J.; DoZtay
Diaries.
I. A Discussion of Mr. Barlowe's Answer to the Book
entitled the Judgment of a Catholic Englishman co
cerning
the Oath of Allegiance. St. Orner, 1612. 4to.
This posthumous reply to Dr. \Villiarn Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln, by
Fr. Persons, was edited by Fr. Coffin, who added a preface of 120 pages.
2. A Treatise in Defence of the Cælibacy of Priests. St. Orner,
1619, 8vo., under the initials C. E. (Coffinus Exoniensis), in answer to Dr.
Joseph Hall, Dean of \Vorcester, successively Bishop of Exeter and Norwich
to which the Bishop responded with "The Honor of the Married Clergie
maintayned against C. E., Mass-priest." Lond. 1620. 8vo.
3. The Art of Dying Well, written by Robert Bellarmine,
of the Society of Jesus and Cardinall: translated into English
for the benefit of our countrymen, by C. E. of the same Society.
1621, 8vo., pp. 328. Southwell gives the date as 1622.
4. True Relation of the last Sicknes and Death of Cardinall
Bellarmine, who died at Rome, Sept. 17, 1621. 1622, 8vo., pp. 10[.
Translated into Latin, "De Morte Roberti Bellarrnine Cardinalis," Audo-
mari, 1623, 8vo.
5. M. Ant. de Dominis, Arcbiep. Spalat. Palinodia; qua
ReditÙs sui ex Anglià Rationes explicate St. Omers, 1623. 8vo.
Translated by Dr. Fletcher, in 1827, under the title, "Motives for
Renouncing the Protestant Religion, by Anthony de Dominis, D.D., Dean
of \Vindsor."
6. De Martyrio PP. Roberts, Wilson, et Napper. MS. Anglia,
vol. iii. n. 103, Stonyhurst MSS.

Coffin, Robert Aston, C.SS.R., third Bishop of South.
wark, of a good Sussex family, was born at Brighton, July 19,

_5 2 4

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

181 9, and was educated at Harrow School, 1834-7, passing
from thence to Christ Church, Oxford. In 1840 he took his
B.A. degree in Michaelmas term, obtaining third-class honours
in classics.
Having received Anglican Orders from Dr. Bagot, the Bishop
of Oxford, he was appointed Vicar of St. Mary Magdalene's,
Oxford, and two years later he resigned his living and em-
braced the Catholic faith. Previous to his conversion, Mr. Coffin
had joined the Tractarian movement.
He finally left the Anglican Church on the Feast of
St. Francis Xavier, and was received into the Catholic Church
at Prior Park by Mgr. Brindle, Dec. 3, 1845.
For a year after this he resided as tutor in the family of
l\lr. Ambrose Lisle Phillips de Lisle, at Grace Dieu Manor, and
then proceeded to Rome with Dr. (Cardinal) Newman, where
he was ordained priest, Oct. 3 I, 1847, by the Cardinal Vicar.
He joined the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, with Fathers
Newman, Penny, St. John, Bowles, and Stanton, and in
1848-9 he was appointed Father Superior of St. vViI frids,
Cotton Hall. In the latter year, feeling strongly drawn to the
Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, he entered the
novitiate of the Redemptorist Fathers at St. Trond in Belgium,
and made his profession on Feb. 2, 1852.
In 1855 he was chosen Rector of St. l\1ary's, Clapham, and
in 1865 was appointed to the office of Provincial, in which he
was successively confirmed every three years until his elevation
to the episcopate. From 1 852 to 1872, he was almost
constantly employed in preaching missions and giving clergy
retreats throughout England, Ireland, and Scotland.
On the death of Dr. Danell, Bishop of Southwark, Fr. Coffin
was nominated by Leo XIII., in April, 1882, in succession to that
See, and was consecrated by Cardinal Howard in the church of
St. Alphonso, in the Esquiline, Rome, June 1 I, in that year,
being enthroned at St. George's Cathedral, Southwark, on the
27th of the following month.
After a lingering illness, borne with heroic fortitude, he died
at Teignmouth, on Easter Monday, April 6, 1885, aged 65.
Naturally of a retiring disposition, it was in accordance with
the fitness of things that the Redemptorists, in the spirit of
whose society the quietude of the cloister and the militant zeal
for souls is so happiJy blended, should, from the moment

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 2 5

he resolved to enter the Church, have possessed a potent
fascination for him. Ever chary of receiving honours which, in
his sensitive self-distrust, he could not bring himself to regard
as merited, his success was nevertheless conspicuous in every
office in which he was called by his brethren or ecclesiastical
superiors.
Unostentatious, fervent, counting all things as nothing when
compared with the salvation of souls and the promotion of the
glory of God, his life, whether as a simple priest, as Provincial
of a great religious society, or as a Bishop, was an embodiment
and practical enforcement of the spirit of the Redemptorists.
Calk Tilll.'s, April 10, 1885; Tablet, April I I, 1885.
I. The Oratory of the Faithful Soul. Translated from F. L.
:BJosius. Lond. 18..t.8. Dmo.
2. The Glories of m:ary. Translated from the Italian of
St. Alphonsus de Liguori, Founder of the Congregation of
the Most Holy Redeemer. Lond. 1852, 8vo., pp. xxiv.-6z4; Lond.
1868. 8vo.
3. The Mysteries of the Faith. The Incarnation. Containing
Meditations, Discourses, and Devotions on the Birth and Infancy
of our Lord Jesus Christ. By St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori,
Bishop of St. Agatha, &c. Newly translated from the Italian.
Lond. 1854. Izmo., pp. XV.-2;g.
4. The Christian Virtues and the Means for obtaining them.
Containing the Practice of the Love of our Lord Jesus Christ;
Treatise on Prayer as the Great Means of obtaining Salvation;
Directions for Acquiring the Christian Virtues; Rule of Life for
a Christian, &c. By st. Alphonsus de Liguori, &c. Newly trans-
lated from the Italian. Lond. 1854. I2mo. Ded. to the R. R. Thomas
Grant, Bishop of Southwark, pp. xviii.-429.
5. The :Mysteries of the Faith. The Holy Eucharist. Contain-
ing: Part I. The Visits and other Devotions to the Most Holy
Sacrament, Preparation and Thanksgiving for Holy Commu-
nion, &c. Part II. Novena of the Holy Ghost, short Spiritual
Treatises on the Love of God, Uniformity to the Will of God,
Rest for Scrupulous Souls, &c. By St. Alphonsus de Liguori.
Newly translated from the Italian. Lond. 1855. Izmo., pp. X.-274.
6. Visits to the l\Iost Holy Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin
Mary. By St. Alphonsus Liguori. A new translation. Lond. 1855.
18mo., pp. 23 8 .
7. The Eternal Truths. Preparation for Death; or, Considera-
tions on the Eternal Maxims useful for all as Meditations, and
serviceable to Priests for Sermons. By St. Alphonsus Maria de
Liguori, &c. Newly translated from the Italian. Lond. 1857. Izmo.,
pp. xii.-282. Ded. to the R. R. Mgr. Charles Newsham, D.D., Dom. Prelate-
to His Holiness. and President of St. Cuthbert's College, U shaw.

5 2 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

8. A Devotion in Honour of St. Joseph. Translated from the
Italian of st. Alphonsus Liguori. Lond.1860. 16mo.
9. The Mysteries of the Faith. The Redemption. Containing
Reflections, Meditations, and Devotions on the Passion of OUl'
Lord Jesus Christ, and the Novena of the Sacred Heart. By
St. Alphonsus Liguori, &c. Newly translated from the Italian.
Lond. 1861. 12mo., PP.249. Ded. to the R. R. Mgr. Henry Edward Manning,
D.D., Protonotary Apostolic, and Provost of \Vestminster.
A new and improved edition of the complete works of St. Alphonsus, in
five vols., waS published by Burns in this year.
10. Hymns and Verses on Spiritual Subjects. Translated from
the Italian of St. Alphonsus. Lond. (1863). 16mo.
I I. Prayers for the Church and the Pope (from St. AlphollBus),
suited for distribution at the present time. Lond. 1865. 12mo.
12. Hear the Church. An Instruction (on Matt. xviii. 17), &c.
Lond. 1870. 8vo.
13. Pastorals.

Coghlan, James Peter, bookseller, printer, and publisher,
was probably a native of Preston, in Lancashire, and, previous
to his settling in London, married Elizabeth, daughter of
Richard Brown, of Clifton-cum-Salwick, near Preston, grand.
father of Dr. George Brown, first Bishop of Liverpool, a family
distinguished for its staunch adherence to the faith.
About 1760, or a little before, .Mr. Coghlan established
himself as a printer and bookseller in London, at a time when
the principal Catholic publishing trade was in the hands of
J ames Marmaduke.
There was hardly room for two Catholic publishers at this
period, and Marmaduke soon began to feel the energetic efforts
of his young rival, and bitterly complained when the latter
brought out an improved edition of "The Laity's Directory,"
which had originally been started by l\Iarmaduke.
For many years, during a period of great difficulty and
danger, especially that of the Gordon riots, Mr. Coghlan
maintained the leading, if not the only, Catholic press in
London with remarkable success, and produced innumerable
publications which, as specimens of typography, are yet an
honour to the profession.
During the dreadful times of the French Revolution he
rendered material assistance to some of the English convents
abroad, when their inmates were obliged to seek refuge in
their native country.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 2 7

He died universally esteemed and respected, Feb. 20, 1800,
aged 68.
His wife's nephew, Richard Brown, in partnership with l\lr.
Keating, succeeded to his business, for alll\lr. Coghlan's family
took to the Church. Peter, the eldest son, became a Franciscan,
and died Dec. 18, 1798 ; William was a secular priest; and
John was a student for the Church, but his health would
not allow him to continue. His daughters joined the com-
munity of the English Dames of St. Clare, at Aire, in Artois,
where Anne, in religion Sister Mary Anne Joseph of Jesus, was
clothed July 25, I 785, her sister Elizabeth (Mary Joseph
Elizabeth of Jesus) being already a professed religious. The
latter died at Clare House, Catterick, July 26, 1838, aged 76,
profession 55, the last of the family.
Mrs. Coghlan, who is alluded to as Dame Coghlan in the
poetical satire on the Rev. James Barnard's Catechism, pre.
deceased her husband, and died March 2, 1799, aged 72.
Rev. George Leo Haydock, MSS.
' Gillow, Lanc. ReCllSatlts,
MS.,. Catk. Directory, 1840.
I. The Laity's Directory; in the Church Service on Sundays
and Holy Days. Lond. (Duke Street, Grosvenor Square) J. P. Coghlan,
lzmo., annu:\lly from 1773 (or 1774, the year in which Marmaduke first
complains of Coghlan's rivalry) to 1800, when it was embellished with a
medallion portrait of Pius VI. It was then continued by Keating, Brown &
Keating. It would seem that the Vicar-Apostolic of the London district
transferred his favour from the original publisher to Coghlan; and certainly,
after Marmaduke's death in 1788, if not before, the Directories were pub-
lished with the approbation of the Bishop. Besides the ordinary matter of
the Directory, they contain much that is valuable-A New Year.s Gift by
the Bishop, being a Homily on the Gospels; Obituary Notices, Educational
and other Advertisements, Bishops' Charges, Sketches of the Catholic Relief
Bills of 1778 and 1791, interesting accounts of the English monastic and
conventual sufferers by the French Revolution, and other infonnation not to
be found elsewhere.

Coghlan, John, miniature painter and drawing-master, was
the youngest son of James Peter Coghlan, the eminent Catholic
publisher. He had intended to embrace a religious life, which,
however, his delicate health obliged him to abandon. He then
returned to London and cultivated a natural artistic talent,
where he died l\lay 12, 1806.
Catk. Directories, 1800, 1806.

5 28

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Cokayne, Sir Aston, Bart., poet, son of Thomas Cok-
ayne, Esq., of Ashbourne, in the Peak, Derbyshire, by Anne,
daughter of Sir John Stanhope, of Elveston, Knt., was born
Dec. 28, 1608, at the latter place. He was educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge, of which he was elected a Fellow. At a
later period, while residing at Oxford during the Civii "VVar, he
was honoured with the degree of M.A. of that University. He
was a great sufferer, both for his loyalty and faith, and shared
in all the hardships Catholics underwent.
For some time he studied in one of the Inns of Court, and
subsequently travelled with Sir Kenelm Digby through France
and Italy, of which he has given an account in a poem to his
son. During his travels he made himself master of several
modern languages.
On his return he married the daughter of Sir Gilbert
Kniveton, of Derbyshire, and settled on his manor of Pooley,.
in the parish of Polesworth, "VVarwickshire.
He numbereà among his poetical friends, Donne, Suckling,
Randolph, Drayton, Massinger, Habington, Sandys, and l\1:ay,
and he appears also to have cultivated the acquaintance of
Sir William Dugdale and other antiquaries. This induced him
to spend much of his time in London, to the injury of his
estate, already heavily encumbered by his sufferings in the
cause of loyalty and the exactions and fines imposed on account
of his faith.
His fine estate at Pooley which his ancestors had possessed
from the reign of Richard II., was disposed of to Humphrey
Jennings, Esq., Sir Aston reserving merely an annuity for
himself. Another lordship at Ashbourne was sold after his
decease to Sir \Villiam Boothby, Bart.
He lived to an advanced age, dying at Derby, about the
beginning of the great frost in Feb. 1683-4, and was buried in
the chancel of Polesworth church.
The baronetcy, which he received soon after Charles 1. left
his Parliament, was disputed in the Heralds' Office on account
of the omission, caused by the turbulent state of the times, to
enroll the patent.
Sir Egerton Brydges (" Brit. Bibliographer," vol. ii.), while
admitting that Cokayne's mind was highly cultivated with
learning, and that he possessed considerable talents, observes
that he exhibits scarcely any marks of genius, and adds that

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 2 9

his days seem to have been spent between his bottle, his books,
and his rhymes. Ellis (U Specimens") notices that his poems
may be consulted with advantage by those in search of anec-
dotes of contemporary characters. The following quotation to
his credit is considered by Allibone conclusive evidence of the
good taste of Sir Aston, in which, after reviewing the claims of
the various attractions which the world offers to its votaries, he
thus announces his own preference:
" Give me a study of good books, and I
Envy to none their hugg'd felicity."
Dodd, Ch. Hist.,o Wood, A then. OX01Z.,o Allibmle, Diet. of Ellg.
Literature.
I. A Masque; presented at Brotbie in Derbyshire, on Twelfth
Night. Reprinted with his Poems, 1658.
2. The Obstinate Lady; a Comedy. Lond. 1657. 12mo. In five
acts, in prose. Reprinted 1658.
3. A Chaine of Golden Poems. Lond. 1658. 8vo. Republished
under the title of" Choice Poems," Lond. 1669.
4. Epigrams, in three books.
5. The Tragedy of Ovid. Lond. 1669. 8vo. In five acts and in
verse. Afterwards received a new title and was embellished with Sir
Aston's portrait.
6. La Dianea, an excellent new Romance. Trans. from Gio.
Francisco Loredano, Veneto 1643. Lond. 1654. 8vo.
7. Thyrsites, an Interlude, the authorship of which is not certain.
8. Tyrannical Government, a Tragic-comedy, also uncertain.
9. Small Poems of divers sorts. Lond. 1658. 8vo.
10. Trappolin, creduto principe, or Trappolin supposed a
Prince. Lond. 1658, 12mo.; 1669, Svo.
A tragic-comedy, in five acts, prose and verse, from the Italian, sub-
sequently plagiarised under the title of "A Duke and no Duke. A Farce
(in three acts and in prose and verse), Revised with considerable Alterations,1J
Lond. 1758, lzmo. It is printed in the" British Stage,1J vol. v., 1786, Izmo.,
under the title, "Duke and no Duke; or, Trapolin's Vagaries. In two acts,"
in prose, taken by N. Tate from Cokayne's Trapolin.
II. The Dramatic Works of Sir Aston Cockain, with a Pre-
fatory Memoir, Introductions, and Notes. Lond. (" Dramatists of
the Restoration "), 1874, 8vo. pp. xix.-3oo.
Cole, Henry, LL.D., D.D., confessor of the faith, born
at Godshill, in the Isle of Wight, was educated at Win-
chester College, and elected thence to New College, Oxford,
where he was admitted true and perpetual Fellow in 1523.
After taking the degree of B.C.L. in 1529, he went to
I taly, where he remained several years, chiefly at Padua.
VOL. 1. M M

530

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

On his return to England he read a civil law lecture
at Oxford, but at what precise period seems uncertain, and
was granted a stipend from the king. In 1539 he became
Prebendary of Yatminster, secunda in the church of Sarum,
and in July of the following year was created Doctor of
the Civil Law at Oxford. The same year he resigned his
fellowship at New College, and was admitted an advocate of
the Court of Arches.
He was also made Rector of Chelmsford, in Essex, and
Prebendary of Holborn in the church of St. Paul. This he
exchanged successively for other prebends in that church-viz.,
Sweting in 1541, and Wenlakesbarn in 1541-2.
In 1542 he was chosen Warden of New College, and three
years later was instituted Rector of Newton Longueville, in
Bucks.
Though he had gone all the lengths of the reign of
Henry VIII., and had continued to conform in the earlier
part of the reign of Edward V 1, even to preaching, it is said,
in favour of the Reformation, his eyes were at length opened
to the errors in which the country was being plunged, and, in
or about March, 1547-8, he resigned the rectory of Chelms-
ford, and rather than sacrifice his conscience any longer,
courageously withdrew from the wardenship of New College.
April 16, 155 I, and the rectory of Newton Longueville in the
following year.
On the accession of Mary he entirely threw away the mask,
and ever afterwards, in the worst times, stood firm to the old
religion.
He was appointed Archdeacon of Ely, and was in the com.
missions under which TUIlstal and Bonner were restored to the
bishoprics of Durham and London. In April, 1554, he was
one of the disputants against Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, at
Oxford, and in the same month was installed canon of West.
minster.
A few months later the University of Oxford granted him
the degrees of B.D. and D.D., without any exercise for the
same. He was then made Provost of Etón College. It is
said that he preached in strong terms on the occasion of
Cranmer being burnt at Oxford. He was one of Cardinal
Pole's delegates for the visitation of the University of Oxford in
1556, and was elected Dean of St. Paul's in December of the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

53 1

same year, about the same time resigning the archdeaconry of
Ely. His name occurs in the special commission against
heresy issued Feb. 8, 1556-7, and in Aug., 1557, Cardinal Pole
appointed him his Vicar. General in spirituals. On Oct. I,
following, he became official of the Arches and Dean of the
Peculiars, and in November was constituted Judge of the
Archiepiscopal Court of Audience. On July 10; 1558,
Cardinal Pole collated him to the Rectory of vVrotham, Kent,
and in the same month commissioned him to visit All Souls
College, Oxford.
He was soon afterwards, however, sent to Ireland, with a
commission for the suppression of heresy, but had his commis-
sion stolen on the journey, and before he could again reach
Dublin, Queen Mary died. Cardinal Pole had such confidence
in him as to constitute him one of his executors.
The turn of affairs in Queen Elizabeth's reign made no
impression upon him as formerly. He made a bold stand
against the Reformation, and was one of the leading Catholics
who took part in the disputations which began at Westminster,
March 3 I, 1559, and in consequence was fined 500 marks,
and soon afterwards was deprived of all his preferments.
On May 20, 1560, he was committed to the Tower, whence
he was removed to the Fleet, June 10, following.
Here he died, and was buried Feb. 4, 1579-80. He was
at least 80 years of age; indeed, it has been asserted that he
was in his 87th year.
Cooþer, A then. Cmztab.,. Dodd, Ch. His!.,. JVood, Athell.
OXOll.

I. Letters to Dr. Thomas Starkey and Sir Richard Morysin from Padua,
1530. Also Letters to the same from Paris, June 6, 1537.
2. Disputation with Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, at Oxford.
Printed in Fox's" Acts and Monuments," but not reliable.
3. The sum and effect of his Sermon at Oxford when Arch.
bishop Cranmer was burnt. Most unreliably given by Fox in his" Acts
and Monuments."
4. Answer to the first proposition of the Protestants at the dis.
putation before the Lords at Westminster, 1559.
MS. c.c.c.c. 121, p. 185. In Burnet's" Hist. Reform. Records," p. 2,
b. 3, n. 4.
5. The Copie of a Sermon (on 1 Cor. xi. 23), prono1.lnced at
Paules Crosse 1560, whereupon D. Cole first sought occasion to
encounter, shortly Bet forthe as nere as the Authour could call it
MM2

53 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

to remembrance. Lond. John Day (1560), B. L. 16mo., edited by John
J ewell, Bishop of Salisbury.
6. Letters to John, Bishop of Sarum, upon occasion of a Ser.
mon that the said Bishop preached before the Queen's Majesty
and her most honorable Counsell, an. 1560. Lond. 1560, 8vo.; also in
J ewell's works.
J ewell, who was a temporiser, preached a sermon at St. Paul's Cross, on
Passion Sunday, March 30, 1560, in which he challenged the Catholic party
on twenty-seven points of difference between the two Churches, and solemnly
promised to conform to the Catholic Church, if any of the Fathers of the
first 600 years after Christ could be proved to have taught any of the said
points.
The challenge was immediately answered by Dr. Cole, and soon after-
wards by Feckenham, Heskins, Harding, Dorman, Martial, Harpsfield,
Rastall, Sanders, and Stapleton, all eminent Doctors, who found no difficulty
in the task they had undertaken. The Magdeburgenses, and other Reformed
writers, had already distinctly affirmed that the pretended errors of Rome
were taught in the earliest times of Christianity, that is, in the second, third,
fourth, and fifth ages, and are so exact in their account as to charge the
Fathers by name with the pretended superstitions referred to by Jewell.
This consideration had afterwards such weight with many Protestant
divines, that they frankly acknowledged their cause could not bear an appeal to
antiquity; that Jewell had overshot himself; that it was a mere rhetorical
flight adapted to the pulpit, and could not be designed for strict scrutiny.
However, Jewell was resolved to go on, and in consequence found himself
obliged to impose upon the world with false quotations from antiquity, which
he did with the same rashness and assurance that he had displayed in his
first challenge.
Dr. Harding not only detected him in his forgeries, but informed the
world that he was personally acquainted with Jewell, and knew his abilities;
that he was unequal to his task, a stranger to the writings of the Fathers,
without sufficient knowledge of the Greek language, and that his strength lay
in classics and oratory, in which he had spent most of his days. This con-
flict between Harding and Jewell was narrowly watched by many learned
men, who, discovering Jewell's forgeries by comparison with the original
writings, forsook a cause which they plainly perceived had no pretensions to
antiquity as was pretended.
7. Answer to certain parcels of the Letters of the Bishop of Sarum respect-
ing the said sermon. Printed in Jewell's works.

Cole, Thomas, a captain in the King's army, lost his life
in a sally during the siege of Newark in the Parliamentary
wars.

CastlemaÙz, Cath. Aþology.
Coleman, Edward, politician, a clergyman's son in Suffolk,
was educated at Cambridge, where he was distinguished by his
genius and application to study. Becoming a Catholic, he left

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

533

the University, and was appointed secretary to the Duchess of
York, in which capacity he was also frequently serviceable to
the Duke. This position gave him opportunities of corre-
spondence with several distinguished continental statesmen,
and as he was naturally inclined that way, and set up for a
politician, he sometimes introduced matters of State into his
correspondence, for which he afterwards paid dearly.
The Catholicity of the Duke of York being more than sus-
pected, his enemies kept a continual watch upon him, and left
no stone unturned in their endeavours to work his ruin. Nothing
was more easy to them, or could contribute more to their
object, than the concoction of " Popish Plots." Oates' narrative
accordingly appeared in 1678, and in this Mr. Coleman was
named as one of the conspirators. In the full consciousness of
innocence, though he had early notice of the miscreant's accu-
sation, IVlr. Coleman took no precautions, either to dispose of
his papers, or to withdraw until the popular fury excited by the
pretended revelation had blown over. On the contrary, as soon
as he was informed that his chambers had been searched and
his correspondence seized under a Secretary's warrant, he imme-
diately surrendered himself for examination.
He was put upon his trial at the King's Bench bar, Nov. 28,
1678. His indictment ran principally under the two following
heads: first, for holding a correspondence with foreign Powers,
especially with the French Court, for the purpose of subverting
the Protestant religion; and, secondly, for carrying on sundry
consultations, and consenting to a resolution to assassinate the
king. The poor amateur politician was rather awkwardly fixed
under the first count. The latter was merely the testimony of a
couple of villains. Mr. Coleman's letters were produced in court.
The first was a letter to Père la Chaise, confessor to the French
king, dated June 29, 1674, in which he referred to a sum of
money the French king had offered the Duke of York to elect
a new Parliament more pliable and favourable to the relief of
Catholics, and suggesting that a similar offer should be made
to Charles II. Another letter to the same individual, dated
September, signified that the Duke of York was willing
to correspond with Père la Chaise on matters relating to
English Catholics; that the Duke had money offered him by
the French king for the purpose of defending himself against
his many enemies in Parliament; and that a supply of money

534

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

would enable him to have Parliament dissolved. In the same-
correspondence Mr. Coleman observed that if France would but
advance two hundred thousand pounds, he did not question but
that two points might be gained, liberty of conscience for
Catholics, and the re-appointment of the Duke over the fleet.
The attainment of these two objects would, he considered, be a
great blow to the Protestants. Writing again to the same
person, he stated it to be his opinion that the conversion of the-
three nations depended upon this scheme. Other corre-
spondence was produced, especially a letter to the Pope's inter-
nuncio, in which he applied to his Holiness for money to
support the Catholic cause in England, and insinuated that his
Britannic Majesty was inclined to favour his brother's projects.
The substance of Mr. Coleman's defence as regards these
letters was, that their import was no more than a schem
of his
own to procure liberty of conscience for Catholics, to be
attempted constitutionally in Parliament. Whether the method
proposed for obtaining a Parliament favourable to such a
design was just and legal, or that it was a crime to endeavour
to procure money, either at home or abroad, to carryon the
project, he humbly submitted himself to the judgment of the
court.
Titus Oates being called to prove the other part of the
indictment, impudently swore that Père la Chaise deposited
L 10,000 in Mr. Coleman's hands to procure the king's death;
that he was a consenting party to a resolution taken at the
White Horse Tavern that Grove and Pickering should kill the
king; that the defendant held a correspondence with Talbot,
Archbishop of Dublin, to raise a rebellion in Ireland, and cut
off the Duke of Ormonde; that he supported four Irish ruffians,
who were hired to assassinate the king at Windsor; that he
agreed to have his Majesty poisoned by means of Sir George
Wakeman; in fine, Oates swore he saw a commission signed
by J oannes Paulus de Oliva, General of the Jesuits, which
appointed Mr. Coleman chief Secretary of State.
William Bedloe, another scoundrel of the same type, was
now called to support this preposterous charge. He deposed
that he had carried letters between the prisoner and Père Ia
Chaise, which tended towards the introduction of Popery and
the destruction of Protestantism.
To these allegations Mr. Coleman replied, that he did not

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

535

remember ever seeing Bedloe before, and Oates but once,
though they both pretended to be intimate with him, and had
evidently primed themselves with the contents of his corre-
spondence taken from his chambers. He then called particular
attention to certain parts of the evidence to which he took
exception. Oates had declared before the Council that he did
not know Mr. Coleman, and had never mentioned his being in
connection with any design against the king's person when he
first gave in his information of a plot. To this Oates replied
that his not seeing well by candle-light, and Mr. Coleman's
periwig somewhat disguising him, was the cause of his not
recognising him, and that the reason why he was not particular
in his depositions at first, was because he was so fatigued that
be contented himself with giving a general account of the plot.
However, notwithstanding this shuffling, the jury brought the
prisoner in guilty.
The Lord Chief Justice then took upon himself to exhort
Mr. Coleman to make a sincere confession, and for the good of
bis soul and the safety of the nation to conceal nothing. Poor
Mr. Coleman assured him, on the word of a dying man, that
he was a complete stranger to what Oates and Bedloe had
sworn against him, and as for the rest, his letters told all he
knew.
The judge, imagining that Mr. Coleman might be in hopes
of a reprieve, through the intercession of the powerful friends
he had at Court, announced in very plain language, before he
pronounced sentence, that in case the king was disposed to
show mercy, he believed that the nation was at that time in
such a ferment that Parliament itself would dispute that part of
bis prerogative.
Such a menace had no doubt its political motive. Mr. Cole-
man, according to sentence, was drawn to Tyburn, where he was
executed Dec. 3, 1678.
This was the first blood Oates drew on account of his
diabolical plot, and, flushed with success, he boldly struck out
into the stream. Coleman's unfortunate correspondence
seemed a good foundation to build upon, and the passions of
the nation, lashed into a frenzy, made it easy to swallow the most
outrageous concoctions.
Though Mr. Coleman overvalued his own abilities and pro-
jects, and was perhaps too forward in his correspondence. he

53 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

yet was endowed with excellent natural gifts, which he sedu-
lously improved. He was a good linguist, and had a _ clear
expression both in conversation and writing. As a contro-
versialist, he proved his ability in his conference with
Dr. Stillingfleet and Dr. Burnet, which resulted in the conver.
sion of Lady Tyrwhit, wife of Sir Philip Tyrwhit.
Dr. Burnet may perhaps be excused for the slight account
of this conference which he gives in the" History of his Own
Times"

Dodd, Ch. Hisl.
I. Reasons for Dissolving the Parliament. Ascribed to him by
Dodd.
2. Mr. Coleman's Two Letters to M. l'Chaise, the French
King's Confessor, with M. I'Chaise's answer to Mr. Coleman.
Together with the D(uke) of Y(ork)'s Letter to the said M.
l'Chaise. (Lond.) 1678. 4to.; reprinted in Cobbett's" Parliamntary His.
tory," vol. iv., app. 1806, &c., 8vo.
"A Plea for Succession, in opposition to popular exclusion. With some
Remarques on Coleman and his Letters." Lond. 1682, fol.
3. The Tryal of Edward Coleman for conspiring the Death of
the King, and the Subversion of the Government of England
and the Protestant Religion. Lond. 1678, fol.
"The whole Tryal of Edward Coleman, Gent., Nov. 27, 1678, with original
Letters and his last Speech at the Place of Execution," Lond. (1678), 4to. ;
" Castlemain's Compendium; or, a Short View of the late Trials," &c., Lond.
1679, 4to.; "An Account of the Behaviour of the fourteen Popish Malefac-
tors, viz., Mr. Coleman, &c., at Execution," 1679, fol.; "The History of the
Plot; or, a brief Account of the Charge and Defence of Edward Coleman,
W. Ireland, T. Pickering," &c., Lond. 1679, fol.; "The Plotter Executed;
or, the Examination, Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution of Edward
Coleman, Esquire, who was convicted of high treason, Nov. 27, for Plotting
against the Life of his Majesty. He received sentence Nov. 20, 1678, and
was executed at Tyburn," &c. (Lond. 1678), a ballad, 2 pts. B. L., broad-
side fo1.
4- Legacies; a Poem, &c. Lond. 1679, fol.
"The Answer of Coleman's Ghost to H. N(evill)'s Poetick Offering."
(Lond. 1679), 4to. This was elicited by an elegy on Mr. Coleman written
by Mr. Nevill, a priest, perhaps the" Legacies" referred to above.

Coleman, Walter, O.S.F., confessor of the faith, in
religion Christopher à Sancta Clara, belonged to an ancient
Staffordshire Catholic family, and at an early age was sent to
Douay for his classical education. Some time after his return
home he visited France for further improvement, but the result
of his travels was to fill him with a strong distaste for the ways

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

537

of the world, which induced him to return to Douayand join the
Franciscans.
Here, after some years, he was ordained priest, and was at
length sent to the English mission, where he was seized upon
landing, interrogated regarding the oath of allegiance, and
committed to prison. Soon afterwards, through the influence
of money and friends, he obtained his release, and served the
mission for several years. He then obtained leave from his
superiors to retire to his convent in Douay for awhile, by way
of recollection, and after some time he again returned to
England.
At this period a noted pursuivant and priest-catcher, named
vVadsworth, was then roving about in the zenith of his power.
Fr. Coleman fell into his trap, and was brought to trial at the
Old Bailey, Dec. 8, 164 I, together \vith six other priests,
inòicted for being ordained beyond the seas and practising
their prie5tly functions in this country contrary to statute. They
were all condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, and
were to have been executed on Dec. 13, but at the desire
of the French ambassador, Charles I., averse to the spilling of
innocent blood, granted them a reprieve, much t.o the dis-
approval of both Houses of Parliament, from which a joint
petition was sent to the king that his l\1:ajesty would withdraw
his reprieve and carry out the execution. Though great pressure
was brought to bear on the king, Charles remained firm in his
resolution, and disconcerted the Parliament by removing the
scandal from himself and referring the decision to them, thus
laying the guilt at their doors.
One of the priests had in the meantime died in prison, and
the others were, in consequence of the king's resolution,
suffered to linger a\vay their lives in N ewgate, though no less
than eight of their brethren were executed in different parts of
the country within the year 1642. After about three years'
confinement, Fr. Coleman died in the prison at N ewgate in the
year 1645.
He was a man of easy address, having formerly moved
in good circles both at home and on the Continent, and his wit
and humour always made his conversation agreeable. lIe was
also gifted with a taste for poetry.
111 as01z, Certamcll; D(ldd, Ch. His!.; Challollcr, lTfc11loirs.

53 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. The Duel of Death. Lond. 1628, 4to., a poem ded. to Queen
Henrietta Maria.
2. Brevis Relatio vitæ ac mortis Venerandi Patris F.
Christophori à S. Clara, missionarii in Anglia, de Ordine
Fratrum Minorum Strictioris Observantiæ. Published in Mason's
" Certamen Seraphicum Provo Ang.," 4to., Duaci, 1649.
3. Portrait, sm. 4to., in the "Certamen Seraphicum."

Colgrave, Thomas, a lieut.-colonel in the King's army,
lost his life at Dean, in Gloucestershire, during the Civil War.
CastlcmaÙz, Callt. Apology.
Collet on, John, divine, whose name is occasionally
written Collington, born at Milverton. in Somersetshire,
about 1548, was the son of Edmund Colleton, gent., of tha.t
place. In 1565, about the age of seventeen, he was sent to
Oxford, and six years later, unable to answer the exceptions
some of his fellow.students had taken against the Reformation,
he decided to embrace the Catholic faith. He therefore left the
University and retired to Louvain, with the intention of entirely
forsaking the world for the cell of a Carthusian. He was
encouraged in this purpose by Fr. Cullum, an English Jesuit,
then resident in Louvain.
He accordingly entered the novitiate and remained eleven
months, but his constant state of ill-health, added to a
melancholy disposition totally unsuitable to the Carthusian
Order, rendered him incapable of proceeding further. Dis-
appointed, he went to the English College at Douay, where he
was admitted Jan. 14, 1574, and, having already made con-
siderable progress in divinity, he was ordained priest, and sent
upon the mission, July 19, 1576.
On his arrival in England, he at once visited his father
in Somersetshire, a grave old gentleman, greatly esteemed in
his neighbourhood for his prudence, charity, and usefulness in
society. Here he remained until he had reconciled his father
once more to the Church, for he had lived in times when there
were no thoughts of Protestantism.
Mr. Collet on's missionary labours then seem to have been in
various places until I 5 8 I, when he was taken prisoner, arraigned,
and tried, with Campion and others, for conspiracy against the
Queen and Government.
It is rather singular that though the same evidence was
produced against Mr. Colleton as in the case of the others who

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

539

were condemned, he succeeded in obtaining his acquittal on
account of a palpable inconsistency as to time and place.
The indictment specified that Mr. Colleton, Campion, and
the rest, had concerted to invade the country and machinate the
Queen's death, in a conspiracy carried on at Rheims and Rome
in a certain year. But it was made clear by the evidence
of Mr. Lancaster, a gentleman of probity, and well known to
the court, that Mr. Colleton was actually in England at the
time mentioned in the indictment, and sufficient proofs were
added that he never, in the whole course of his life, had been
either at Rheims or Rome. Notwithstanding this blunder in
the Queen's evidence, he was not discharged, but detained
prisoner in the TO'wer until 1584, in which year he was
banished with several other priests.
He remained abroad until 15 8 7, when he again returned to
England, and resided for the most part in London and Kent.
Mr. Birket, the Archpriest, appointed him Archdeacon, and on
the death of the former, Mr. Colleton supplied his place until
Dr. Harrison was nominated to the office.
In the year 1610, all the prisons in and about London were
filled with priests and recusants, on account of the oath of
allegiance, \vhich was pressed with the utmost severity. Mr.
Colleton was confined in the Clink Prison, in Southwark, but he
petitioned for his liberty on account of his infirmities and well-
known loyalty to the king.
When Dr. Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon, came over to
England and erected a Chapter, in 1623, Mr. Colleton was
appointed the first Dean and his Lordship's Vicar-General, in
which offices, on account of his age and infirmity, he had the
assistance of Mr. Fisher, alias Musket. In his latter days he
resided altogether with Mr. Roper, of Eltham, in Kent, where
he died Oct. 29, 1635, aged 87.
His straightforward character and great experience gained
him general esteem, not only among his brethren, but also with
the moderate party of the Established Church. Even James I.
relied on his sincerity in matters relating to Catholics. He
possessed great resolution, and in the belief that the policy of
Fr. Persons was wrong, and aimed at subjugating the Seculars
to the Jesuits, he opposed him indefatigably. An instance
of this was his opposition to the economy and administration
of the Archpriest Blackwell. He undertook to demonstrate

540

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO:NARY

that the Archpriest was imposed on the secular clergy by mis-
information ; that the more considerable part of the clergy were
not consulted, as maintained by his opponents; and that they
much less consented to the creation of such a government. He
questioned the Cardinal Protector's power to establish such a
system of government for a national Church without an
express breve from the Sovereign Pontiff. He pleaded for the
liberty of appeal to the Holy See until the office of Arch-
priest had received confirmation, and insisted on the same
liberty in case of mal-administration. He maintained the
declaration of the faculty of Sorbonne in favour of the
appellant clergy; and lastly, he endeavoured to show that this
novel presbyterian government was a contrivance of Fr. Persons
to hold the reins through the medium of the Archpriest Black-
well, whom he maintained was professedly a creature of the
] esuits.
Dodd, Ch. His!. J. TierJley's Dodd.
I. A Just Defence of the slandered Priestes, wherein the
reasons of their bearing off to receive Maister Blackwell to
their Superior before the arrivall of his Rolines Breve are layed
downe, and the imputation of disobedience, ambition, conten.
tion, and scandall, &c., is by able arguments and authorities
removed, the objection of the Adverse Party sufficiently
answered, and the Pope's Sentence in the Controversie truly
related. By John Colleton. (Lond.?) 1602, 4to.; title I leaf; preface
4 leaves; Table of Principall Pointes, 2 pp., pp. 303.
ThIS important work in the Archpriest controversy was elicited by
Fr. Persons' "Briefe Apologie, or Defence of the Catholike Ecclesiasticall
Hierarchie and Subordination," instituted by Clement VIIL, and impugned
by "certain Libells printed and published of late" (St. Omers, 1601), which
to further his own views was attributed in the title-page to the" priests
united in due subordination to the Archpriest." The Pope's breve confirming
the appointment of the Archpriest was signed Aug. 17, 1601, and imme-
diately transmitted to Blackwell, but it also condemned his irritating
conduct: it suppressed Lister's" Treatise of Schism," and all other publica-
tions connected with the controversy; and, while it refused on grounds of
prudence to admit the appeal of the clergy, it seriously admonished the
Archpriest on the intemperance of his proceedings, and affectionately
exhorted all parties to live henceforth in a constant interchange of every
brotherly office, and particularly forbad all future publications on the subject
of the late controversy. Blackwell strangely suppressed this breve until the
end of the following January. The reason assigned is that Persons was at
that very moment engaged in writing his" Apology," and Colleton, in his " Just
Defence," Dr. Ely, in his" Brief Notes," and others assert, that he instructed
Blackwell to withhold the breve, until such time a
the" Apology" should have

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

54 1

appeared. The latter was published, with Blackwell's permission, at the
beginning of the new year, and on the 26th January the breve was issued.
Colleton immediately replied to the" Apology" by his ., Just Defence," and
Persons, on the ground that Collet on had violated the prohibition of the
breve, forthwith denounced both the writer and his work to the Pope (vide
Tierney's Dodd, vol. iii. pp. 54 and dv.). For further particulars of the Arch.
priest controversy vide C. Bagshawe, \V. Bishop, G. Blackwell, J. Bennet,
A. Champney, \Y. Clark, Lister, Mush, Rivers, Persons, \Vatson, &c.
2. A Letter to Paul V.
3. A Supplication to his Majesty for a Toleration.

Collier, Laurence, O.S.F., confessor of the faith, one of
the old Franciscan Province, conveyed to his nephew, George
lIs ley, some small property which he enjoyed. This coming to
the ears of the pursuivants, Topliff and Thornes seized the
property, removed all his goods, and committed the man to
prison under the pretence that he would not tell where his
uncle resided, and though Ilsley was not himself a Catholic he
was kept in prison for two years.
At length the old man was taken and committed to prison,
where he soon died through the sufferings endured.
After this event, his nephew obtained his release, but not the
property, though the case was brought before the Council, and
a certificate of his conformity to the Established Church, signed
by the county justices, was produced.
Fr. Collier's death probably occurred in the prison at
Stafford, about 1 590.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series J. ParkÙzs01z, CoIl. Anglo.llIill.,
P.259.
Collingridge, Peter Bernardine, O.S.F., Bishop, was
born in Oxfordsnire, March 10, 1757. He took the habit in
the Franciscan Convent of St. Bonaventura, Douay, in 1770, and
after filling several offices was made Guardian of that Convent
in 1788. At the expiration of his three years of office as
Guardian, he was nominated President of the Franciscan
Academy in Warwickshire. This school was originally derived
from that established by the Franciscans at Osmotherley, in
Yorkshire, about 1672. It is evident that for some reason or
other it was discontinued for a time, for on Oct. 10, 1702, its
restoration was declared expedient, and Fr. Bonaventure Parry,
D.D., the Provincial, arranged with 1\lrs Jennison to manage
the school. She continued in this position until Aug. 17 I 4,

54 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

when she was brought before the justices of the peace and
ordered, under threats of the utmost penalties, to discontinue
keeping a Popish school and to disperse her establishment
before Michaelmas-day. Fr. Ambrose Ogle then resided at
the school, and he was very much persecuted at this time, more
than twenty informations being laid against him within five
weeks. Much of this was due to a peevish and qigoted
neighbouring justice. Fr. Ogle was assisted in the teaching of
the school by Fr. Ambrose Jenkinson, and it was designed to
be a nursery for the Franciscan novitiate, but was attended with
little success in that respect.
The residence was also used as a retreat for some of the super-
annuated members of the province, and in 1723 the Commissioners
for Forfeited Estates attempted to deprive them of this asylum.
Soon after this date the school was recommenced at
Edgbaston, near Birmingham, and Fr. James Laurence Hawley,
O.S.F., and Bishop Milner learned their rudiments here about
1764. Fr. Hawley became the assistant of Fr. J. Pacificus Nutt,
who was the pastor of the congregation and head of the school
at Edgbaston in 1786. Fr. Nutt soon after built St. Peter's chapel
in Birmingham, to which he removed with his congregation.
In 1791, Fr. Ingham appears to have been President of
the school, and in the following year removed the estab-
li
hment to Baddesley Green, Knowle, and remained its
President until Fr. Collingridge took the charge in 1794.
Fr. Collingridge subsequently exchanged places with Fr.
vVilliam Pilling, chaplain at the Portuguese Chapel, London, in
179 8 , who retained the position until a few months before his
death at Lower Hall, Samlesbury, in Lancashire, Dec. 4, 180 I.
Baddesley Green Academy was then conducted under the
presidency of the following Franciscan Fathers :-C. M'Donnell,
1801; Howse, 1807; James Sumner, 1811; Charles M'Donnell
again, 1820; J. W. Hendren, 1824; Patrick O'Farrell, 1827 ;
and William Benson, 1836 to about 1839, when the school
appears to have been discontinued.
Fr. Collingridge remained but a short time at the Portuguese
Chapel, being appointed assistant to the Rev. John Griffiths, of
St. George's Fields. In 1806 he was elected Provincial of the
Franciscans, and in the same year, at the instance of Bishop Shar-
rock supported by the other Vicars-A_postolic, he was appointed
his coadjutor in the Western distri
t, to which he succeeded on

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

543

the resignation of the Bishop in the following month, Jan. 1807.
In the ensuing October he was consecrated to the See of
Thespiæ in partibus at S1. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green.
Bishop Collingridge suffered from very poor health, and on
more than one occasion entreated the Holy See to grant him a
coadjutor, which was eventually done, in Jan. 1823, in the
person of Dr. Peter Augustine Baines, O.S.B.
For a time this learned and saintly Bishop successively
resided at Chepstow, Taunton, Clifton, Trenchard Street Chapel-
house, Bristol, and finally at Cannington, where he died
suddenly, l\larch 3, 1829, aged 72, during the absence of his
coadjutor, Dr. Baines, at Rome. A more zealous, disinterested,
and unostentatious prelate could hardly exist.
Oliver, Collectio1ls" Brady, Eþisc. Succession,. Gillow, His!.
Catk. Schools Ùl E1lg. si1lce the Reformation, llf S.
I. Pastorals.

Collingwood, George, a lieutenant in the Royal army,
was killed at the battle of Newbury during the Civil War. He
belonged to the ancient Catholic family seated at Eslingdon,
in Northumberland, which gave several Jesuits and secular
priests to the Church.
Castlemaill, Cath. Aþolog)'.

Collingwood, George, Esq., of Eslingdon, co. Northum-
berland, where he had a valuable estate of L 1,200 a year,
joined the Chevalier de St. George in 1715, and was taken
prisoner at Preston. He was ordered up to London to take
his trial, but on the journey, at Wigan, he was seized with the
gout, and was therefore sent to Liverpool, where he was tried
and found guilty of rebellion and high treason, for which he
was hanged, Feb. 25, 1716.
U Mr. Collingwood," says Patten, "was a very pious gentle.
man, and was much beloved in his own county."
His widow, Catherine, daughter of Lord Montagu, retired
to Longbirch, near W oiverhampton, and resided with Bishop
Hornyold and Mrs. Giffard, the widow of the last of the
Chillington branch of the Giffards, until her lamented death,
Dec. 28, 1776, aged 91. Her daughter was the wife of Sir
Robert Throckmorton, Bart.
Patten, Hist. of the Rebellion,. Kirk, Biog. Collections, .JIS S,

544

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Collins, Edward Francis, journalist, born in the north of
Ireland, in 1807, was destined by his parents for one of the
learned professions. He came to London in 1832, and became
private secretary to Joseph Hume, with whom he remained
until he became sub.editor of the SUll.
In 1842 Mr. Collins became editor of the Hull Advertiser, a
position which he held for twenty-four years, until his removal
to London in 1866. On his leaving Hull a testimonial, con.
sisting of a cheque for 1:400, was presented to him by his
friends.
\Vhile in London he very frequently contributed to the
Catholic press, and, indeed, for a short time was sub-editor to
the Tablet when Bishop Vaughan first became its proprietor in
1868.
He died at his residence at Upper Clapton, Jan. 3, 1872,
aged 64.
He was a sincere and devout Catholic, and had a singular
devotion to Our Lady. He was, indeed, in the act of saying
his rosary, walking up and down his room, when he dropped
down dead.
Tablet, Jan. 13, 18 7 2 .
I. A Form of Reciting the Most Holy Rosary, compiled for
the Nuns of the Convent of Our Lady of Mercy, at Hull, and
approved for the use of the Children in their Schools, by the
Venerable the Bishop of Beverley. Hull, 1
59, I2mo., pp. 29.
Published anonymously.

Collins, John, bookseller, martyr, was apprehended for
selling Catholic books, and, after a long imprisonment, was
executed at Tyburn in 160 I.
Ckalloller, fifemoirs.
Collins, Nicholas, priest, was arraigned at Westminster,
Dec. 3, 1539, for denying the spiritual supremacy of Henry VIII.
Some annalists have stated that he was implicated in the
:Marquis of Exeter's plot; but if this were true his name would
not have appeared in the catalogues of martyrs.
He suffered at Tyburn shortly after his condemnation.
Dodd, Ck. Hist. J. Catal. Jl.fartyr. j Stow, Ckronicles.
Collins, William, Friar, O.P., S. Th. Mag., was born in
1622, iI1 Ireland, of English parents. Professed for the Irish

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

545

Province, some time before 1649, he became Sub-Prior of the
Irish College at Louvain. In 1658 he assisted Fr. Thomas
Howard in founding the Dominican Convent of Holy Cross at
Bornhem, of which he was the first Sub.Prior, Procurator, and,
in 1660, Lector of Philosophy. Three years later he was
appointed chaplain to the nuns at Vilvorde, and in the follow-
ing year, 1664, was sent to the English mission. He was
elected Prior of the Irish Dominicans, at Louvain, early in
1666, but resigned in the next year, and served the chapel of
the French ambassador at London. In 1674 he returned to
Bornhem, and subsequently was chaplain to the Spanish
ambassador at London.
During the persecution raised by the infamous Oates and
his abettors, Fr. Collins was arrested and consigned by order of
the House of Lords, Nov. 16, 1678, to the Gatehouse Prison.
After a lengthened imprisonment he obtained his release,
went to Belgium, and was instituted Prior of Bornhem,
Aug. 23. 1685. On the expiration of his priorship he once
more returned to England, where he was affiliated to the
English Province, Nov. 10, 169 I, and was appointed Vicar-
General, Nov. 1 I, 1694.
Retiring in his old age to Belgium, he died in the Convent
at Bruges, Nov. 17, 16 99, aged 77.
Palmer, Obit. Notices, O.S.D.
I. Missa Triumphans; or, The Triumph of the Mass. Wherein
all the Sophistic all and Wily Arguments of Mr. de Rodon against
that thrice Venerable Sacrifice, in his funestuous Tract, by him
called "The Funeral of the Mass," are fully, formally, and
clearly Answered. Together with an Appendix, by way of
Answer to the Translator's Preface, by F. P. M., a.p., Rib.
Louvain, 1675, I2mo.; ded. to the Queen by W. c., 8 pages j preface
4 pages, pp. 4- 6 4 j Appendix (by F. P. M.), pp. 48. Some copies have an
Epistle dedicatory to the Duchess of York, instead of the one to the Queen
and a preface, otherwise the same. The translation of M. David de Rodon's
work appeared under the following title: "The Funeral of the Mass; or,
the Masse Dead and Buried without Hope of Resurrection. Translated from
the French," Lond. 1673. sm. 8vo. Another reply to this book was written
by N. N., entitled" An Answer to Monsieur de Rodon's Funeral of the
Mass," Douay, 1681, 12mo., pp. 138, besides prefacej ded. to Sir John
Seton, son to Lord George, late Earl of Winton.

Comberford, Henry, priest and confessor of the faith,
apparently one of the :Marian clergy, was apprehended and
VUL. I. N N

54 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

committed, in 1568, to tbe prison at York, called the Ouse-
bridge Kidcote, where so many Catholics were confined on
account of their religion, and there he remained six years.
He was thence transferred to Hull Block-house, another
great prison for those who were true to their consciences, where
he died, probably in 1584, after about ten years' close con-
finement.
Morrz"s, Troubles, Third Series.

Compton, Thomas, Father S.J., alias Carleton, a
native of Cambridgeshire, born about 1591-2, entered the
Society in 1617, and was ordained at Douay in 1622. Three
years later he was sent to the English mission, and about 1639
became Prefect of Studies at Liége. It appears that he had
previously been Professor of Philosophy, Theology, and Holy
Scripture. He died there, March 24, 1669, aged 75.
Deservedly admired for his classic taste, and his skill in
philosophical and theological science, he was still more con-
spicuous for his spirit of perfect obedience and tender piety.
Oliver, Collectallea SJ.; Foley, Records SJ., Collectallca.
I. Philosophia Universa Serenissimo Principi Maximiliano
Com. Pal. Rheni, utriusque Bav. Duci S.R.I. Archidapifero
Electori dicata. Auctore R. P. Thoma Comptono Carleton Canta-
brigiensi Societe Jesu in CoIl. Ang. Leod. Sac. Theol. Professore.
Antverpiæ, apud Jacobum Meurseum. 1649, fol., engr. title Abr. a
Diepenbecke delineavit, Wenceslaus Hollar Bohemus fecit, representing
full-length portrait of Maximilian, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke
of Bavaria, seated on his throne in state, 13 ff., pp. 621; Antwerp, 1677, fo1. ;
Antwerp, 1664, fo1.
2. Promethous Christianus, seu liber Moralium in quo Philo-
sophiæ finis aperitur. Simulque media quibus in homine for-
mando in hominem utitur declarantur ex antiquo rum Philo.
sophorum monumentis deducta. Antverpiæ, 1652, 8vo., pp. 269.
2nd edit., \vith many corrections, revised by the author himself. Leodii,
1653,8vo., 18 ff., pp. 4::!O; Index, 19 ff.
3. Cursus Theologici Tomus prior ea brevitate conscriptus,
quam tot, tantarumque rerum amplitudo et varietas patitur,
quas prima pars et prima secundæ Divi Thomæ complectuntur.
Quæstiones insuper ad mores, et praxim spectantes qure
peculiarem cum scholasticis habent connexionem declarantur.
Leodii, 1658, fo1., pp. 571; frontispiece by Flemael, sc. Natalis; ded. Ferd.,
Duke of Bavaria.
4. Tomus posterior. . . . patitur quas secunda secundæ et
tertia pars Divi Thomre complectitur. Quæstiones insuper ad

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS..

547

mores et praxim. spectantes maxime circa Sacramenta accurate
declarantur. 1664. pp. 628; ded. Lewis, Duke of Lenox and Aubigny.
Other editions of the" Cursus Theologici," Leodii, 1659-64,2 vols. fo!' ;
Antv., 1624, 1634, 1684, 1710, 2 vols. foJ.
5. Disputationes Physicæ, ubi etiam de Generatione et Cor-
ruptione. Salmanticæ, 1676, 4to. Founded on the works of Aristotle on
Physics, and on Generation and Corruption.
6. Disputationes in universam Aristotelis Logicam. Salman.
ticæ, 1716, 4to. The date in the colophon is 1717.
Conyers, Cuthbert, a colonel in the Royal army, was
killed at Malpas, in Chesbire, in Aug. 1644. He was a member
of the ancient Yorkshire family of that name.
Castlemaz'n, Cath. Apology.
Constable, Charles Stanley, Esq., was tbe third son of
William Haggerston, second son of Sir Carnaby Haggerston, of
Haggerston Castle, co. Northumberland, Bart., by Elizabeth,
daugbter and heiress of Peter Middelton, of Stockeld, co.
York.
His father, William Haggerston, succeeded through his
grandmother to tbe estates of her father, Sir Philip Constable,
of Everingham, Bart., and assuming the name of Constable,
married, in 1758, Lady \Vinifred Maxwell, only surviving
daughter and heiress of vVilliam, Lord Maxwell, and grand-
daughter of the last Earl of Nithsdale, and thereupon assumed
the additional name of Maxwell. The issue of this marriage
was three sons, of whom the eldest, Marmaduke vVilliam,
seised to the Constable and Maxwell estates, and assumed the
name of Maxwell, his son subsequently succeeding to tbe
Barony of Herries; William, the second son, succeeded to the
Middelton estates, and took the name of Middelton; and
Charles, the tbird son, the subject of this notice, was born in
17 6 4.
Charles Haggerston Constable married, in 1793, Elizabeth,
the sister and heiress of Sir William Stanley, of Hooton, co.
Chester, Bart., and thereupon assumed by royal licence the
additional surname of Stanley.
This lady dying without issue, Mr. Charles Stanley Constable
married secondly, in 1800, Mary, daughter of Tbomas Mac-
donald (of the Clan Keppoch), of Edinburgh, Esq., and dying
in 1844, in his 80th year, left issue a son, Thomas Con-
stable, of the Manor House, Otley, co. York, Esq., and a
NN2

54 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

daugbter, Catherine, Abbess of the Benedictine Abbey at
Teignmoutb.
Burke, Lmlded Gentry J. Thos. Constable, Esq., Letter to the
Compiler.
I. A Review of the Question of Catholic Emancipation;
briefly enumerating the Advantages that would accrue to the
Nation at large from the immediate concession of that Measure.
With an Appendix. By Charles Stanley Constable. Newcastle,
1808. 8vo.
2. Brief Statement of the Grievances under which the
Catholics of these Realms still labour. Newcastle, 1816. 8vo.

Constable, Cuthbert, Esq., M.D., of Burton Constable,
near Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, son of Francis
Tunstall, of vVycliffe Hall and Scargill Castle, Esq., by Cicely,
daughter of John Constable, second Viscount Dunbar, was
educated at Douay College, which he entered in 1700. He
subsequently studied physic, and took his degree of M.D. at
Montpellier.
In 171 8 he inberited from his uncle, the last Viscoun t
Dunbar, tIle estate of Burton Constable, and in consequence
assumed the name of Constable.
He was twice married; first, to Amy, daughter of Hugh,
third Lord Clifford, by whom he had a son, vVilliam Constable,
and daughters, Cicely and Winefred; and, secondly, to Ely,
daughter of George Heneage, of Hainton Hall, Lincolnshire,
Esq., by whom he bad a son, Marmaduke, who resumed the
name of Tunstall on succeeding his uncle, Marmaduke Tunstall,
to the estates of Scargill Castle, Hutton Villers, and vVycliffe
Hall, in 1760.
Cuthbert Constable rendered very great assistance to
Dr. Challoner in the compilation of his "Memoirs of l\1is-
sionary Priests," which is acknowledged in the preface to the
second volume. He was also one oÎ those gentlemen who
patronized Hugh Tootell, alias Charles Dodd, and contributed
to the cost of the publication of his " History of the Church."
He collected at Burton Constable an extensive and well-
chosen library, enriched with valuable MSS., and, indeed, he
was the Catholic Mæcenas of his age.
His death occurred March 27, 1746. Mr. Constable,
says Mr. Nicholson, was well versed in languages, ancient and
modern, knowledge of books and antiquity, and he corre-

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

549

sponded with the most eminent literati of the kingdom, both
Catholic and Protestant, particularly with that leårned antiquary,
Thomas Hearne.
Burton Constable passed to his son vVilliam, who also
succeeded to Wycliffe on the death of his half-brother,
1\Iarmaduke, in 1790. Dying without issue, William Constable
devised both estates to his nephews, Edward and Francis
Sheldon, sons of Edward Sheldon and Cecily Constable, with
remainder, failing issue, to Sir Thomas Clifford, Bart., who
eventually succeeded to the property, and assumed the name
of Constable.
Calk. Miscellany, 1830, p. 134; Kirk, Biog. Collcctions, MSS.;
noua)' Diaries.
J. Correspondence with Mr. Nicholson, formerly of Univer-
sity College, Oxford, to Mr. Cuth. Constable. MSS. vol. at Burton
Constable.
These letters relate to Abraham Woodhead, for whose memory and
works Mr. Constable had a great respect. In 1732 he erected a monument
inscribed with a Latin epitaph over Woodhead's grave. Mr. Woodhead's
MSS. were left by his executor, Obadiah Walker, to Mr. Deane, Mr. Nicholson
and Mr. Perkins. Part of them were lost when Mr. Deane's house was
burned at the Revolution of 1688, and the rest were conveyed to Lisbon by
Nicholson. Mr. Constable applied to the latter for the MSS., with a promise
that he would publish them. They were accordingly sent over in Jan. 1728,
and with them a sketch of \Voodhead's life, and they remained at Burton
Constable.
2. Correspondence with Mr. Hearne, Librarian of the Bod-
leian. MSS. vol. at Burton Constable, covering several years, 1730-4, &c.
3. The Third Part of Abraham Woodhead's Brief Account of
Church Government. To which is prefixed the Life of the
Author, by Cuthbert Constable, M.D. Lond. 1736. The Life is
principally taken from that of Mr. Nicholson, with such additions as

Ir. Constable was able to collect, and includes a much more complete
catalogue of \V oodhead's works than is found elsewhere.
4. Original Letters from 1567 to 1625 to and from Eminent
Men. Thick vol. MSS. at Burton Constable.
5. Abraham Woodhead's Church Government, Parts 2,3, and 4,
with approb. of Fr. Gage, D.D., of Sorbonne, 1662, 3 vols. MSS. at Burton
Constable.
6. An Historical Discourse on the Eucharist, in 4 parts,
pp. 1283. MS. at Burton Constable.
7. A Translation of the Bible, pp. 1123, beginning and end wanting j
at Burton Constable.
8. Translation in Verse of all the Psalms. MS. folio., at Burton
Constable.

S50

. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

9. Fr. Parsons, Author of the Book of Titles. MS. at Burton
Constable.
10. The Itinerant Missioner, tome vi. and last. MS., curious
and controversial, at Burton Constable.
II. Sufferings of Catholics, commencing with Thomas
Woodhouse, 1573, in the reign of Elizabeth, to William
Southworth, in 1654, with General Histories of the Reigns. By
the Rev. John Knaresborough. MSS.8vo. 5 vols. Both Dodd and
Challoner extensively used these MSS. at Burton Constable, and Dodd
added some marginal notes. It was probably the latter who carried one or
more of the vols. to Fernyhalgh, near Preston, where, in the early part of
this century, they were in the custody of the Very Rev. Richard Dean
Gillow, but are not now to be found in the library.
12. A Journal of my Travels since the Revolution, and an
Account of the War in Ireland. MS. by Captain John Stevens, a
Catholic, and the continuator of Dugdale's "Monasticon Anglicanum ; " at
Burton Constable.
.13. Abraham Woodhead's Letters to Dr. Wilby, with his Life
and List of his Works. MS. at Burton Constable.
14. Many other MSS., and pedigrees of most ofthe Yorkshire families.

Constable, David Benedict, O.S.B., confessor of the
faith, a native of Yorkshire, was professed at the Ben,edictine
Abbey at Lambspring in 1669. After he was ordained priest
be was sent upon the English mission in the Benedictine North
Province, where he was seized on arrival and cast into prison in
Durham, and there died Dec. I I, 1683.
C/zal101zer, Memoirs,. Snow, Belted. Necrology.
Constable, Henry, poet, said to have been of the York-
shire family of that name, born about 1555, was for some
time at Oxford, but took his B.A. degree, in 1579, at St. John's
College, Cambridge. His staunch adherence to the ancient
faith made him an object of suspicion, and he was accused, in
1595, of being a party to c(:rtain disloyal proceedings against
the Government of Queen Elizabeth by opening a treasonable
correspondence with France, and he was obliged to avoid the
consequences of ulterior proceedings by leaving the country.
Having visited France, Poland, Italy, and the Low Countries,
he returned to England in 160 I or the following year, but
being discovered was committed to the Tower, from which
he did not obtain his release till about the close of the year
1604.
He then returned to the Continent, and died in exile in
I 6 14.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

55 1

Bolton, in his U Hypercritica," pays him a high tribute for
the purity, tranquillity, and sublimity of his poetry, and
specially draws attention to the sonnet before his Majesty's
Lepan to.
Ben Jonson, vVarton, and others, have also given him great
praise. Malone was of opinion that U The Shepherd's Song
of Venus and Adonis" was the most striking of his pro-
ductions.

Rose, Biog. Diet.; Allibolle, Crit. Diet.; Cooper, Biòg. Diet.
I. Diana; or, the Excellent Conceitful Sonnets of H. C.
Augmented with divers Quatorzains of honorable and lerned
Personages. Devided into vii. Decads. Lond., James Roberts, 1584
(a misprint for 1594), 12mo.; reprinted in fac.simile 1818, 50 copies; Lond.,
J. C.,:for Rd. Smith, 1592, 4to.; 1594, 1597, 1604; Lond. 1818, reprinted for
the:members of the Roxburgh Club, by Edw. Littledale, 4to.
2. Spiritual Sonnettes to the Honour of God and Hys Sayntes.
By H. C. Printed from a MS. in the Harleian Collection, No. 7,553, by
T...Park, F.S.A., in the second vol. of the" Heliconia," 1815, 4to.
3. Sonnets, written by Henry Constable; circa 1590. MS.,
printed in " The Harleian Miscellany," vol. ix., 4to.
4. The most complete edition of his Sonnets and other poetical pieces
appeared in 1859-" Diana; the Sonnets and other Poems of Henry
Constable, B.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge; now first collected and
edited, with some account of the author, by Wm. Carew Hazlitt, of the Inner
Temple, Esq. To which are added a few notes and illustrations by the late
Thos. Park." Lond. 1859. 8vo.

Constable, Henry, Viscount Dunbar, son of Sir Henry
Constable, of Burton Constable, was created Viscount Dunbar
by James I., and, appearing in arms for Charles I., displayed
great bravery at the siege of Scarborough, in Yorkshire,
where he lost his life, and two of his sons were dangerously
wounded.
\Villiam, the fourth and last Viscount Dunbar, died in 17 I 8,
wben the estate of Burton Constable passed to his nephew,
Cuthbert Tunstall, who assumed the name of Constable.
Dodd, CIt. Hist.

Constable, John, poet, the son of Roger Constable, was
born in London, and educated under the celebrated William
Lilye. He waS then sent to Byham Hall, opposite Merton
College, Oxford, where, in I 5 I 5, he took the degree of M.A.,

552

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and was accounted at that time an excellent poet and rhetorician.
The date of his death is not recorded.
TVood, Athcllæ Oxollienses.
I. Querela Veritatis & Fpigrammata. Lond. 1520. 4to.

Constable, John, Esq., confessor of the faith, of the
ancient Yorkshire family, was confined in York gaol on
account of his religion.
Here he devoted himself and his means to relieving and
comforting the poor Catholics imprisoned on account of their
religion.
The crowded state and impurities of the prisons in which
Catholics were confined at this period was a notorious scandal,
and caused them to die off, sometimes in scores. Mr. Constable
was at length seized with a grievous sickness, of which he died
in York gaol in 158 I, leaving L 40 to be distributed among
the Catholic prisoners for their relief.
If he had been allowed, he would have left some land in
perpetuity for the same object.
Foley, Rccords SJ., voL iii.

Constable, John, Father S.J., born in Lincolnshire,
Nov. 10, 1676 or 1678, entered as a scholar at St. Orner's
College about 1689, under the assumed name of Lacey, perhaps
his mother's maiden name, and was admitted into the Society
at Watten, in 1695. He appears to have spent most, if not
all, of his missionary career at Swynnerton Park, Stafford-
shire, the seat of the Fitzherberts, where he died, April 7,
1743, N.S.
Dr. Oliver observes that he is entitled to rank among the
ablest and best informed men of the English Province.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii., and Collectallea; OIi1'cr, Collcc-
tmzea SJ'J. Kirk, Biog. Collections, MSS., IVestlll. Archiepiscopal
Archives.
I. Remarks upon F. Ie Courayer's Book in Defence of the
English Ordinations, wherein all his arguments are answered,
and the invalidity of the English Ordinations is fully proved.
s.1. et an., 8vo., pp. 384.
In 1723 Père Ie Courayer published at Nancy, but with the imprint of
Brussels, " Les Dissertation sur la Validité des Ordinations des Anglais,
sur la succession des Evêques de l'Eglise Anglicane," 2 vols. 8vo. Fr.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5;3

Constable answered this work. \Vhen he had written the first part of his
answer he sent it to Fr. Coxon, the Provincial S.]., for his perusal, and the
approbation of the revisers. In his letter he much lamented the want of
books in his retired situation, and said that if some careful persons could
obtain admittance to the Lambeth Register, and the Cotton MSS., many
important observations might be made. Before he published his answer, a
correspondence took place between him and Père Ie Courayer. Fr. Constable
asked him to obtain from England permission for a person to accept
the challenge that had been given to answer his work. In his reply,
Courayer expressed his surprise and astonishment that he should have been
applied to for the mediation of a stranger for such a purpose, and that in
England, where everyone had such liberty to write what he pleased for or
against religion; yet he professed his readiness to do his best to satisfy the
request, at the same time he advised him, as he had already waited three
years, to wait three months longer, when he should publish an answer to all
that had been written against his Dissertation. To this Fr. Constable very
properly answered, that Arians, Socinians, &c., had a liberty which Catholics
had not in England, of writing their sentiments on religion; that a Catholic
printer had been but recently prosecuted for publishing a book, taken chiefly
from Protestant authors (Manning's" England's Conversion and Reforma-
tion Compared "); that he wanted no other connivance, and impunity
honourably assured, than what Courayer himself enjoyed in France after he
had owned his work; that if he had waited three years, it was because he
had only seen the Dissertation about eighteen months previously; that the
answer only waited for the above honourable assurance, which he might,
with his credit, so easily obtain, and the English could not refuse, after
adopting his challenge; and finally, that no one, in his opmion, in England,
will answer it so fairly and so well as himself. \Vhen further pressed by
Fr. Constable to obtain this assurance, Courayer pretended to have discovered,
from the very first, that the whole was but a snare laid for his sincerity, and
therefore refused to apply for it, as being in itself ridiculous and unnecessary,
and might be abused.
Fr. Constable reminded him that so far from suspecting a snare, he had,
in his first letter, said that he was edified at the motive which induced him to
write, and even promised to see what could be done to obtain his request,
after his second work should appear, which he would hardly have done had
it been ridiculous. And to prevent any apprehension of the desired
assurance being abused, he solemnly engaged that persons of eminent credit
should be security to the French ambassador, or anyone else he should
name, that the desired favour should be used with the moderation mentioned
in his last letter. Finally, Fr. Constable requested in a note that Courayer
should insert in The Evmil1g Post that" Mr. B. may depend, &c." But he
was met with a refusal, and here the correspondence closed. It is preserved
at Aston, near Stone. Fr. Constable, however, published his answer, which
displays considerable research, and was much admired by the Rev. Robert
Manning, an excellent judge in such matters. An eminent divine, to whom
Fr. Coxon had submitted the MS., passed the following general character of
the work: "As the subject of this book is of great consequence, so is the
performance most excellent. I do not know that anything has appeared

554

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

these fifty years in this kingdom of greater advantage to the Church, and
credit to us."
On the other hand Dodd, in his "Apology," states that some of the Society
did not attach much value to Fr. Constable's production, and others regarded
it still less favourably, but it must be remembered that Dodd and Constable
were bitter opponents.
2. The Stratagem Discovered, or an Essay of an Apology for
F. Ie Courayer's late work in four vols., entitled "Defense de la
Dissertation," &c.; wherein strong instances are produced to
show that he writes " Booty," and is only a sham defender of these
ordinations, while he very much confirms the judgment of their
invalidity. And at the same time all that might seem seriously
urged by him in their defence is fairly answered. By Clerophil us
Alethes. 1727, 8vo.
Courayer's "Defense" was published, Brux. 1726, 8vo. Both his works
were translated into English, the" Dissertations," Lond. 1725, 8vo., reprinted
1844, Dublin, 1728, 8vo., and the" Defence," 1728, 8vo.
3. The Convocation Controvertist advised against pursuing
wrong methods in his endeavours to Reduce Dissenters and Con-
vince Catholicks. To which is annexed, A Letter in the name of
the Church of England to Mr. Trapp upon his strange Libel,
entitled" Popery Stated." By Clerophilus Alethes. 1729, 8\'0.
The l\IS. of this work was formerly at Aston. It was in reply to the Rev.
Joseph Trapp, D.D., who had also written a "Defence of the Church of
England against (Manning's) England's Conversion and Reformation Com-
pared," Lond. 1727, 8vo.
4. De Styli ratione accurata. MS. written in English under the title
of Eudoxius.
5. Epistolæ Eudoxianæ, Eruditionis variæ argumentis, mis.
cellaniæ. MS.
These letters are written with great elegance, and contain his judgment
of the writings of Bongarsius, Postellus, Lord Bacon, Lipsius, &c.
6. De Novi Testamenti autoritate. MS.
7. The Doctrine of Antiquity concerning the most blessed
Eucharist plainly shewed in remarks upon Johnson's" Unbloody
Sacrifice." By Clerophilus Alethes. Lond. 1736. 8vo. pp. 153.
This was sent with a letter to Mr. N. N., for whom it was first written,
Oct. 15, 1714. The first part of the Rev. John Johnson's work, "The
Unbloody Sacrifice and Altar Unveiled," appeared Lond. 1718, 8vo., and the
second part in 1824. Dr. Oliver thought that Fr. Constable's work was
published as an answer to it.
8. A Specimen of Amendments candidly proposed; To the
Compiler of a Work, which he calls, The Church History of Eng.
land, from the year 1500 to the year 1688. By Clerophilus
Alethes. Lond. 1741, 12mo.; title I leaf, preface 3 leaves, contents
3 leaves, pp. 244, dated Aug. 19, 1740.
Hugh Tootell, a secular priest, had recently published, under the
pseudonym of Charles Dod, the first two volumes, in folio, of his Church
History, printed in 1737 and 1739 respectively. This learned historian, who

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

555

is always referred to as " Dodd," though he did not spell his nom de þlu11lt!
with the double terminal letter, had many years before given great offence to
the Jesuits by the publication, under the initials R. c., of his "History of
Douay" and" Secret Policy of the English Society of Jesus," the former a
tract of 36 pages bearing the date 1713, and the latter a series of eight tr
cts,
all dated 1715, consisting unitedly of 331 pages and a short appendix.
Though the latter were nominally separate issues, they were probably all pub-
lished together, and the two works are often found in one volume.
Fr. Thomas Hunter, S.]., replied to the ,. History of Douay" in 1714, and
the troubles ensuing from the Stuart Rising in 1715 put a stop to further
controversy, for Tootell was then serving the mission in Lancashire and had
to fly the county to avoid apprehension.
The difference between the policy of the Jesuits and that of the Seculars
first showed itself in the prison at \Visbeach Castle, where a great number of
priests were confined, towards the close of Elizabeth's reign. From that
time the Catholic body was divided into two parties, as regards their policy
in civil affairs, and also, for a lengthened period, respecting their own internal
government.
Tootell, in his" Church History," was the exponent of the Secular views,
.and hence the animosity of Constable's attack. Tootell replied with "An
Apology for the Church History of England, from 1500 to 1688. Printed in
the year 1737. Being a Reply to a Quarrelsome Libel, intituled A Speci-
men of Amendments," &c., 1742, published anonymously. Dr. Oliver, in his
"Collectanea S.J .," has termed this an "angry, coarse, and abusive" reply,
but allowing for the controversial style of the period, and Mr. Tootell's
characteristic use of plain straightforward language, there is little to choose
between the two disputants, and the learned Doctor is a little too strong, and
must himself have become infected with their style in perusing their produc-
tions. \Vithout expressing any opinion as to the matters in dispute, it may
be safely stated that they were fairly matched.
9. Advice to the Author of the Church History of England, in
answer to it, and his Apology. MS. 4to" pp. 241, dated Jan. 1742-3, now
at Stonyhurst College.
Fr. Constable in his " Specimen" had only dealt with the first volume of the
History. This treats of the second and also includes a reply to the" Apology."
It was, however, deemed advisable not to publish it. Dr. Oliver reviews it
as "searching, smart, and acute, but not solicitous enough to keep up the
unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. One ounce of charity is always
better than any amount of satirical wit: our duty is to soften and allay, not
to irritate and provoke, prejudice."
10. Controversial Notes. MS. formerly in the possession of Dr. Kirk.
Constable, Joseph, captain in the King's army, was slain
<It the first battle of Newbury.
Castlcmaill, Cath. Apology.
Constable, Marmaduke, a captain in the King's army,
and standard-bearer to the Earl of Lindsey, his Majesty's

55 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

General, was killed at the battle of Edgebill during the Civil
War.
CastlemaÙz, Calk Apokgy.
Constable, Michael, lieut.-colonel in the Royal army, lost
his life at Hopton Heath, in Cheshire, during the Civil 'vVar.
CastlemaÙz, Ca!lt. Apology.
Constable, Sir Robert, Knt., of Flamborough Castle, in
Yorkshire, the representative of a family of great estate and
position in the North, had rendered great service to the Crown
in the time of Henry VII., especially in opposing James
Touchet, Lord Audley, who headed a formidable insurrection of
Cornishmen, for which he was knighted in the camp at
Blackheath, June 17, 1479. \Vhen Henry VIII. commenced
tbe destruction of the monasteries, Constable, with others, took
up arms in their defence, and being taken prisoner, was
executed at Hull in June, 1537.
Dodd, Cft. Hz's!.

Constable, Sir Thomas Hugh Clifford, Bart., eldest
son and heir of the Hon. Thomas Clifford (fourth son of Hugh,
third Lord Clifford), by Barbara, youngest daughter and co-
l1eiress of James, fifth Lord Aston, of Tixall, was born
Dec. 4, 1762, and was educated at the academy at Liége,
opened there by the English ex-Jesuits after their expulsion
from Bruges. He married soon after his father's death, June 16,
1787, Miss Chichester, of Arlington, co. Devon, and by her had
one son and two daughters.
Sir Thomas was created a Baronet by George IV., Dec. 27,
18 14, at the request, it is said, of Louis XVII., and on the death
of Mr. Sheldon, without male issue, he inherited Burton-
Constable, which had been entailed upon him by William
Constable, Esq., whose mother was a daughter of Lord Clifford,
of Chudleigh. He then took the additional surname of
Constable. He died at Ghent, Feb. 25, 1823.
Sir Thomas was a thorough Catholic, and was greatly re.
spected by all who knew him for his affability, generosity, zeal
for religion, and charity to the poor, who always found in him
a friend and protector.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, .lIfS S.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

557

I. Meditations for Every Day in Lent: taken principally
from the Evangile Meditè.
2. Historical and Topographical Description of the Parish of
Tixall. Paris, 1817, 4tO., portraits and plates. Privately printed. \Vritten
in collaboration with his brother, Arthur Clifford, Esq.

Cook, Lawrence, Prior of Doncaster, was executed with
five others at Tyburn, Aug. 4, 1540, for denying the eccle-
siastical supremacy of the king.
Stow, Citron. J" Dodd, Cit. Hist.

Cooke, Robert, O.M.I., was born at vVaterford about
1820, and for some time studied medicine with a view to that
profession, but becoming acquainted, during a visit to France,
with the new Congregation of Oblates of Mary Immaculate, he
resolved to join it. In due course he was ordained priest
by the founder of the Congregation, Mgr. de l\Iazenod, Bishop
of Marseilles, and immediately afterwards he was sent to the
English mission, and laboured at Grace Dieu, Leicestershire,
which
1:r. Ambrose Lisle :March Phillipps de Lisle had made a
centre of Catholic propagandism, having founded four or five
missions on and about his estates.
Here was a fine field for the young priest's fervent zeal and
apostolic labours, and he preached in the open air in the
villages of Throngstone, Osgathorpe, Coalville, Castle Don.
ington, and Ashby-de-la-Zouch, with great success, on one
occasion notably, to the great confusion of a Protestant rector,
who, after challenging the Fathers of
Iary Immaculate to a
religious discussion, declined the contest.
From Grace Dieu he was sent, in 1847, to Everingham Park,
and while there founded the mission at Howden. On the refusal
of the authorities to let the Town Hall, Fr. Cooke addressed
the people from the steps of the old market-cross in the centre
of the town, and so great was the success of his preaching, that
a temporary chapel was speedily opened in this ancient town,
soon to be followed by the erection of a handsome Gothic
church.
The mission of Pocklington also was restored through his
zeal.
In I 85 I be was sent to Leeds and commenced a new
mission in the poorest district of the town, which in a few years
resulted in the magnificent church of Mount St. Maris, on

5S 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Richmond Hill, at the opening of which the venerable founder
of the Order, l'vlgr. de Mazenod, attended.
Fr. Cooke then visited Ireland in order to introduce the
Oblates into that country, and the result was the establishment
of a mission and house at Inchicore.
He next established a house of his Order in London, at
Kilburn, where, after many years, a new church was erected in
18 79.
His last and crowning missionary labour was in the East-
end of London, where he founded the beautiful church of the
English Martyrs, Tower Hill.
Here he died, June 18, 1882.
Tablet, June 24, 1882.
I. The Call Followed: Notes of a Sermon (on Canticles iv. 8)
preached in Dublin, Oct. 15, 1869. Lond. 1870. 8vû.
2. Pictures of Youthful Holiness. Lond. 1872. 8vo.
3. M. Hibbert. A Memoir. Lond. 1874. 16mo.
4. Catholic Memories of the Tower of London. Lond.1875,
8vo. Translated into French, "Les Souvenirs Catholiques de 12. Tour de
Londres." Paris, 1875. 8vo.
5. Sketches of the Life of Mgr. de Mazenod, Bishop of Mar-
seilles and Founder of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, and of
the Missionary Labours of the French Oblates of Mary Immacu-
late. Lond. 1879-82. 2 vols. 8vo.

Coombes, William Henry, D.D., was born at Mead-
gate, in Camerton parish, co. Somerset, May 8, 1767- His
uncle, the Rev. William Coombes, was likewise born here,
Aug. 15, 1743, and for many years shone as one of the
brightest ornaments of Douay College, which he finally quitted
in 1777, and was afterwards, during a long period, the re-
spected Grand-Vicar of the Western district. He mostly
resided on his property at Meadgate, with his sister and niece,
but he died at Bath, April 18, 1822, aged 79.
The house in which Dr. Coombes was born had formerly
possessed a chapel, but for several years it had been converted
into an inn.
At the age of twelve be went to Douay College, where
he was ordained priest in 179 I. He was retained at Douay
as Professor of Rhetoric, and when the collegians were being
conveyed in waggons to be imprisoned in the citadel of Dour-
lens, in Pi cardy, during the French Revolution, he managed to

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

559

elude tbe vigilance of the guards and succeeded in escaping to
England towards the close of Oct. 1793.
At this time Dr. Douglass, the V.A. of the London district,
was actively engaged in preparing Old Hall Green Academy
for an ecclesiastical seminary, and Mr. Coombes' co-operation
was secured. After being Prefect. of Studies and Professor of
Philosophy, he was appointed Professor of Divinity and V.P.
of the College, and in 180 I Pius VII. awarded to him the
degree of D.D.
In 18 10 he accepted the mission of Shepton Mallet, in
Somersetshire, and here he remained until his retirement to
the Benedictine Monastery at Downside, June 12, 1849, where
he died, Nov. 15, 1850, aged 83.
Dr. Coombes was an enlightened spiritualist and a self-
denying priest. As a Greek scholar he had few equals, and
as a theologian his name is held in honour.
Oliver,- Collections.
I. Sacred Eloquence; or Discourses selected from the Writings
of st. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, with t
e Letters of
St. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, to his kinsman Valerian, on the
Contempt of the W orId. To which are prefixed Introductory
Accounts of the Lives of these Fathers, from the Original Greek
and Latin. Lond. 1798. 8vo., pp. 343.
2. The Escape from France of the Rev. W. H. Coombes.
Written by Himself, with his Letter on the generous Behaviour
of his Royal Highness the Duke of York to some of the Studentli
of Douay who escaped from Doulens. Also an Account of the
English Poor Clares from Aire, who, after being deprived of
their property, and often in danger of their lives, arrived, and
were kindly received at Dover on the 11th of September. To
which is added a continuation of the sufferings of His Holiness
Pius VI. and his death at Valence on the 29th of August.
With other interesting particulars. Lond. J. P. Coghlan, 1799,
sm. 8vo., pp. 37, with medallion portrait of Pius VI.
The narrative of the escape was also printed in "The Laity's Directory"
in 1800, pp. 12. His Letter was addressed to Mr. J. P. Coghlan.
3. Translation of C. Brancadoro's Oration at the Funeral of
Pius VI., with the Address of the present Pope Pius VII., delivered
in the Secret Consistory at Venice, annexed. Lond. 1800. 8vo., pp. 129.
4. The Letter of Pius VI. to the French Bishops residing in
England. Lond. 1800. 8vo., pp. 24.
5. Letters on Catholic Affairs, under the signature of " The
British Observer," which appeared in Cobbett's Register in the years
18 0 4-5- 6 .
6. Letters to the Lords and Commons.

560

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

7. The Life of St. Francis of Sales, Bishop and Prince of
Geneva, and Founder of the Order of the Visitation. Translated
from the French of Marsollier. Shepton Mallet, 1812. 8vo. 2 vols.
8. The Spiritual Entertainments of St. Francis de Sales, with
an addition of some Sacred Poems. Taunton, 1814. I
mo., pp. 5 1 5.
Translated from the French.
9. The Essence of Religious Controversy; contained in a
Series of Observations on "A Protestant Catechism," and in a
Letter to a Noble Lord. 1827, 8vo., pp. 416; Lond. 1839, 8vo.
10. Letter to the Duke of Wellington on certain Provisions in
the Relief Bill. Lond. 1829. 12mo., pp. 8.
II. The History of the Life of St. Jane Frances de Chantal,
Foundress and First Superioress of the Order of the Visitation,
collected from Original Documents and Authentic Records.
Lond. 1830, 8vo. 2 vols.; Lond. 1847, 2nd edit., 2 vols:
The first edition was largely disseminated, being universally admired as
an elegant and finished piece of biography, and was rapidly bought up.
Coop, Peter, M.A., priest, after serving the mission of Shef-
ford, co. Beds, for some years, removed in 1846 to Great Marlow,
co. Bucks, from whence, in 1853, he went to Burton Park,
Petworth, co. Sussex. Seven years later he was at Midhurst,
in Sussex, and in 1863 was stationed at St. Patrick's, Man.
chester, and died, Dec. 27, 1868.
Catholic Dircctoric.r.
I. The Reply of the Rev. P. Coop, M.A., Catholic Priest of
Shefford, Beds, to the Sermon and Appendix by the Rev. G.
Maclear, M.A., of Bedford, entitled "Christian Freedom and
Popish Bondage." Lond. 1841. 8vo.
Cooper, John, confessor of th
faith, was a very promising
young man of good family, who acquired considerable learning
under Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield, whom he almost constantly
attended as amanuensis during the Doctor's imprisonment in
the Tower.
When the latter died in I 583, Cooper formed the design to
leave England and pursue his studies abroad, for which purpose
he gathered together all the money he possessed.
His plans were detected, however, and he was arrested at the
port from which he intended to embark, and sent back to
London, where he was plundered of all he had, and committed
a close prisoner to Becheam Tower.
Here, partly through hunger and cold, and partly through
the foul state and stench of his dungeon, he contracted a
disease which soon brought on derangement.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 61

The Lieutenant of the Tower being informed of his con-
dition, ordered the bed which some compassionate friend had
provided to be removed, that he might lie for the future on
the bare stones, an addition to his sufferings which quickly
attained its object and brought him to his end.
It is related that when he was stripped before his burial, his
flesh stuck to his clothes and parted from his bones.
Chalíoller, .lIIemoirs J. Dodd, Ch. His!.
Cope, Alan, D.D., was born in London and educated at
Magdalen College, Oxford, of which he was admitted a Fellow
in 1549. In 1558 he was Proctor of the University, and was
much esteemed for his great erudition.
After the death of Queen Mary, he struggled for a time with
the change of religion, until despairing of the success of the
Catholic cause, he resigned his preferments and retired abroad
in 1560. He made some stay in Flanders, and then proceeded
to Rome, and applying himself to the study of canon law and
divinity, received his Doctor's degree in those faculties. The
Pope appointed him to a canonry in St. Peter's, which afforded
him an honourable and comfortable subsistence. He died in
I 580, and was buried in the church attached to the English
College in Rome.
Dodd, Ch. His!.
I. Carmina Diversa.
2. Syntaxis Historiæ Evangelicæ in qua res Domini Nostri
Jesu Christi, quo Ordine gestæ fuerant, ipsis quatuor Evange-
listarum Verbis partite et distincte collocatis narrantur. Lovanii,
1572, 4to.; Douay, 1603, 4to.
A kind of Harmony of the Gospels, or rather a digest of the Life of
Christ, in the words of the Evangelists.
3. Dialogi sex contra Summi Pontiflcatus, Monasticæ Vitæ,
Sanctorum, Sacrarum Imaginum Oppugnatores, et Pseudo.
martyres; in quibus explicantur Centurionum etiam Magde.
burgensium auctorum Apologiæ Anglicanæ, Pseudomartyro-
logor"ltm. nostri temporis, maxime vero J oal1nis toxi mendacia
deteguntur. Antverpiæ, 1566, 4to. ; illus. with a plate of the Miraculous
Cross, found in an ash-tree at St. Donat's, Glamorganshire, shortly after the
accession of Elizabeth.
Though this work appeared under Dr. Cope's name, it was really written
by Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield, during his imprisonment in the Tower, who
entrusted it to Dr. Cope to publish. The latter, to avoid the multiplication
of his friend's hardships, and perhaps death, gave his own name to the book,
concealing the name of the author under the letters-A.H.L.N .H.E.V.E.A.C.,
that iS f Auctor hujus libri, Nicolaus Harpesfeldus. Eum vero edidit Alanus
YOLo I. 0 0

5 62

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Copus. The work attacks Bishop Jewell, and the Centuriators of 1\1:agdeburg,
on the subjects of ecclesiastical celibacy, images, the Papal supremacy, &c.
L. Humphrey in his Life of Jewell replied to it, 1573 and 1585.
Cope, Sir Anthony, Knt., son of \Villiam Cope, of Ban-
bury, Esq., some time cofferer to Henry VII., by Joan, sole
heiress of John Spencer, of Hodnell, in \Varwickshire, was
educated at Oxford, and afterwards visited several of the
continental Courts, 'where he was welcomed on account of his
gifted accomplishments.
In his European travels he lost no opportunity of improve-
ment by moving in the best society of every city he visited,
and was not only an admirer of genius in others, but occa-
sionally gave to the world specimens of his own abilities.
He is favourably noticed by the celebrated Italian poet, Baptista
Mantuanus, who honoured him with an epigram. Several
years were thus spent abroad, and on his return he was equally
appreciated in his own country, especially at Court.
He died in the summer of I 5 5 I, and was buried in the
parish church of Hanwell, near Banbury, in Oxfordshire,
leaving behind him a son named Edward.
Dodd, CIt. His!.
I. The Historie of two the moste noble Captaines of the
Worlde, Anniball and Scipio, gathered and translated into
Englishe out of Titus Livius and other authoures, by Anthonye
Cope, Esquier. Lond. 1544, 4to. B.L.; Lond. 1548, 4to.; 1561, 8vo.;
1590, 8vo.
2. A Godly Meditacion upon xx select and chosen Psalmes
of the Prophet David, compiled and set furth by Sir Anthonye
Cope. Lond., John Daye, 1547, 4to. B.L.; ded. to Queen Catherine.
Reprinted with a biographical preface and notes by \V. H. Cope, Lond.
1848, 8vo.
3. He is said to have written other works which were published abroad.
Coppinger, William, O.S.B., confessor of the faith, a
native of London, was educated at New College, Oxford, where
he took the degree of B.L. in 154 I. He was taken into
the household of Bishop Gardiner, and carried the great seal
when that prelate was Lord Chancellor. Upon the death of
Gardiner, in 1555, Coppinger joined the restored Benedictines
in \Vestminster Abbey, and refusing to conform on the accession
of Queen Elizabeth, was committed to the Tower in the first
year of her reign, where he died soon afterwards.
Dodd, Clt. His!.,. Fox, Acts and MOll.

OF TIlE ENGLISH C\TIIOLICS.

563

Coppinger, Mr., schoolmaster, a well-qualified teacher,
attempted to establish a school at Kingsdown, near Clifton,
about the middle of last century. At first his prospects were
favourable, but when it was discovered that he was a Papist,
every hope of success vanished, and he was compelled to decamp.
Oliver, Collections, p. 108.
Copps, Rev. Dr., schoolmaster, opened a boys' school at
Soloman House, Clapton, co. :M:iddlesex, towards the close of
last century, which he was conducting with assistants in I ï92.
Gillow, Hist. of Cath. Schools ill Ellg., JIS.
Corbie, Ambrose, Father S.J., one of the sons of
Gerard Corbie, of the county of Durham, and his wife, Isabella
Richardson, was born Dec. 7-17, 1604--5.
His father, born in 1558, was a severe sufferer on account of
his faith, and eventually became a voluntary exile with his
family in Belgium. His three sons, Ambrose, Ralph the
martyr, and Robert, entered the Society of Jesus; his son
Richard died a student at St. Omer's College; and his two
daughters, Mary and Catherine, became Benedictine nuns.
Gerard Corbie, therefore, agreed with his aged wife to separate
and consecrate themselves to God in religion, and accordingly
he entered the Society at \Vatten, in 1628, as a temporal coad-
jutor, by special leave, aged 70, while she became a professed
Benedictine nun in 1633, at Ghent, aged 80, and died a cen-
tenarian on Christmas-day, 1652. Gerard became perfectly
blind five years before his death, which occurred at \\fatten,
Sept. 17, 1637, aged 80. He had the happiness of converting
his own father to the Church at the age of 100.
Fr. Ambrose made his humanities at St. Orner's College, and
then proceeded to the English College, Rome, in 1622, and
after three years went to his father in Belgium for the benefit of
his health, and entercd the Society at \Vatten in 1627.
He taught belles lettres at S1. Omer for some years, was at
Ghent in 1645, and died Confessarius at the English College,
Rome, April 1 I, 1649, aged 45.
He was highly accomplished in Greek and Latin literature,
and ,,-as distinguished for great modesty, humility, and patience,
with charity towards others, and piety towards God.
Oli'i'er, Co!!cctaJlca Sj.; Foley, Records S I., (òllecla1lca.
002

5 6 4

DIELIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKARY

I. Certamen Triplex a tribus Societe J-esu ex Provincia
Anglicanâ sacerdotibus RR. PP. Thoma Hollando, Rodulpho
Corbæo, Henrico Morsæo, Intra proximum triennium, Pro Avita
Fide, Religione, Sacerdotio, contra Veritatis, Pietatis, Eccle-
siæque hostes, susceptum fortiter, decertatum constanter, con-
fectum feliciter. Londini in Anglia, Antverpiæ, apud J oannum Meur.
sium, 1645, 16mo., pp. 144, with three portraits; Monachíj, sumptibus
Joannis \Vagneri, Bibliopolæ Typis Lucæ Straus, 1646, 16mo., title 1 leaf,
præfatio 7 pp., pp. 15 2 , inclusive of the three portraits, approbatio 1 leaf;
translated under the following title: "Certamen - Triplex; or, the Threefold
Conflict by Three Priests of the English Province of the Soc. of Jesus, the
Rev. FF. Thomas Holland, Ralph Corbie, and Henry Morse, boldly under-
taken and maintained with constancy against the enemies of truth, piety,
and the Church, and happily brought to an end at London, within the last
three years, for the faith of their ancestors, religion, and the priesthood.
Published at Antwerp in 1645." Lond. 1858, sm. 8vo., with three portraits,
translated by \V. B. Turnbull, and published by the Catholic Publishing
and Bookselling Co., with which he was connected.
Copies of the Latin editions are highly prized. This little work is
remarkable for its elegance as a biography, and has always been held in no
less estimation for the authenticity of its facts.
2. Life of Bro. Thomas Oglethorpe, alias Stillington, S.J. 1\1S.
in Italian, at Stonyhurst.

Corbie, Ralph, Father S.J., martyr, who like his brothers
sometimes went by the name of Corbington, was one of the
sons of Gerard Corbie, and was born near Dublin, where his
father and mother had fled from Durham to escape persecution,
March 25, 1598.
At the age of fifteen he was placed at St. Orner's College,
where he made his humanity studies for six years, and was
then sent to the English College, S.]., in Seville for a year.
He subsequently proceeded to Valladolid, where, after four
more years, he was ordained priest.
He then returned to Flanders, and entered the Society at
\Vatten in 1624-5, or perhaps in 1626, finishing his theo.
logical course at Liége.
After two years spent at Ghent he was sent to the mission
in his own county of Durham in 163 I, where, after a few years
of zealous apostolical labours, he was seized whilst saying :;\1 ass,
by the Parliamentary rebels at Hampsterley, near Newcastle,
July 8-18, 1644.
He was despatched to London and committed to Newgate
on ] uly 22, in company with his attached friend and fellow-
martyr, John Duckett, a secular prie
t.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 6 5

His trial was at th
Old Bailey Sessions, in the following
September, on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross,
and he suffered at Tyburn, according to his sentence, Sept. 7-17,
1644, aged 46.
Foley, Records SJ., vols. iii. and vii. ; ChallOller, .lI1"emoirs.
1. A very ample Life is published in the" Certamen Triplex," written by
his brother, Ambrose Corbie, S.]., and a full and interesting memoir, with
copies of some of his letters, is given in Bro. Foley's ,. Records S.] .," vol. iii.
2. Portrait, P. Rodulphus Corbie Societatis Jesu. Ab
hæreticis pro Fide suspensus et dissectus Londini vii. Sept., an.
1644. First published at Antwerp, I6mo., in the" Certamen Triplex," 1645.

Cordell, Charles, priest, son of 1Ir. Charles Cordell, of the
diocese of London, and his wife Hannah Darell, of the ancient
family of Darell of Scotney Castle, Sussex, and Calehill, Kent,
was born Oct. 5, 1720. He received the rudiments of his
education at Dame Alice's school at Fernyhalgh, Lancashire,
and was then sent to Douay, where he was ordained priest, and
left the College, June 10, 1748, to become chaplain at
Arundell Castle, the seat of the Duke of Norfolk. Here he
remained until April, 1755. He then appears to have assisted
the Catholics at Rounday, in Yorkshire, and afterwards in the
Isle of 2\Ian.
\Vhen IVrr. Thomas Gibson, uncle to Bishop Gibson, died at
N ewcastle-on- Tyne, Jan. 26, 1764, and :Mr. Jones quitted
after two years' residence, l\Ir. Cordell succeeded him at the
chapel in N ewgate Street, June 10, 1765, and continued there
until his death, Jan. 26, 1791, aged 70.
His literary attainments were considerable, and he was
particularly admired for his method of preaching, which was
easy, pleasing, and instructive.
In 1778, when l\1:r. \Vilkinson wished to resign the govern.
ment of St. Omer's College, and l\ir. Arthur Storey refused to
accept of it, the appointment was offered to l\Ir. Cordell, but he
declined the honour.
In politics Mr. Cordell was attached to the exiled Stuart
family, and was called a Jacobite.
On the suppression of the Society of Jesus he deemed it his
duty to step forward in defence of the action of Clement XIV.,
against an attack made upon the Holy See in the Newcastle
papers by Fr. Warrilow, of the Jesuit chapel there, who asserted

566

EIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

that the Pope had assigned no reasons for the suppression of
the Society.
In this and some other skirmishes with the same gentleman,
Mr. Cordell is acknowledged, says the R
v. James vVorswick,
of Newcastle, to have shown his superiority as a contro.
versialist.
He was a corresponding member of the R.S.S.A. in 1786.
His valuable library was sold, after his decease, by John
Bell, an eminent bookseller in Newcastle.
Kirk, Biog. Collections, 1IISS. J . Cath. 1Iliscellmzy, 1826.
I. The Divine Office for the Use of the Laity. 1763 (Sheffield),
4 vols. 16mo. Declaration of the author, dated April 17, 1763, signed
C.C.C.A-D.A.; second edition, 1780 (Newcastle-on-Tyne), 2 vols. 8vo.;
declaration with the same initials (Car. Cordell Call. Angl. Duac. Alumn.),
dated Nov. 25, 1780. It is a translation of the Roman Missal, with the
Vespers and Holy \Veek, Tenebræ, Office for the Dead, &c.
2. Deism Self-refuted, by Mons. Bergier, being an Answer to
Rousseau's Eimlien. Translated from the French. Newcastle,
1775. 12mo.
3. The Life of Pope Clement XIV. (Ganganelli). Translated
from the French of Mons. Caraccioli. Land. 1776. 8vo.
This Life was published by the Marquis de Caraccioli, Paris, 1775, 12mo.,
and is replete with anecdotes illustrative of the Pope's amiable character
and liberal sentiments. In the same year (1775) it was published in Italian,
Firenze, Izmo., with portrait.
4. Interesting Letters of Pope Clement XIV. (Ganganelli).
To which are prefixed Anecdotes of his Life. Translated from
the French Edition published at Paris by Lottin, Jun. In two
vols. Land. 1777. sm. 8vo.
A third volume of Letters, in two parts, "Likewise an Original Letter in
Answer to' 1\1. Voltaire's objections to the Authenticity of Ganganelli's
Letters." Land. 1777, sm. 8vo., with medal. portr.; reprint, Dublin, 1777,
4 vols. 12mo.; Newcastle, 1779, 2 vols. 8vo.; Land. 1809, I2mo., 4 vols.
The French translation of these Letters, edited by Caraccioli, appeared
at Paris, 1776, z vols. 12mo.; the third vol. was published in 1777, as well as
the Italian edit. :2 vols. 12mo. The reply to Voltaire is dated April IS, 1777,
in which the Marquis defends himself very ably. He incidentally mentions
that Ganganelli was at one time private secretary to the Chevalier de St.
George, and was therefore very likely to be acquainted with the English
language and literature. Since Yoltaire's impugnment, the.Letters haye been
generally assumed to be apocryphal, although it is acknowledged that the
writer has traced pretty faithfully the character, and many of the sentiments,
of that distinguished Pontiff. The Abbé Picot, in his" M émoires pour senir
a l'Histoire Ecclesiastique pendant Ie I8me Siècle," strongly e),.presses him-
sclì against the authenticity of the Letters.

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

S6ï

5. The Travels of Reason. By Caraccioli. Translated from
the French. Newcastle, 1781. 8vo.
6. A Letter to the Author of a Book called "A Candid and
Impartial Sketch of the Life and Government of Pope
Clement XIV." 1785.
Some indiscreet members of the Society of Jesus, carried away by irrita-
tion, got themselves into trouble at the time of the suppression by the
publication of a book called "De Simoniaca Electione," a gross libel on the
election of his Holiness Clement XIV. (Gordon's" Cath. Ch. in Scotland").
Fr. John Thorpe, an English ex-Jesuit, was in Rome at the time, and fell
under the influence of this party. The" Candid and Impartial Sketch"
consists of letters written by him from Rome, and is a collection of stories
about Ganganelli circulated there by his enemies. The writer pursues him
from the village to the throne, through every monastery in which he lived.
The letters were sent by Fr. Thorpe to Fr. Charles Plowden, who was then
tutor to :\Ir. \Veld's sons at Lulworth Castle. It is generally believed that
Fr. Plowden imprudently arranged them for the press, and forwarded them
to Fr. Philip Jones, at London, by whom they were published, with the
assistance, it has been thought. of Fr. Thomas Talbot (Kirk, "Biog. Collec-
tions," MSS.). Dr. l\Iilner wrote observations on it, in 1785, for which he was
thanked by Mr. \Veld and Lord Arundell, and the Rev. Thomas Bellamy also
wrote against it. Mr. Cordell, in his pamphlet, says that the contents of this
libellous sketch tend to render the late Head of the Church odious and
contemptible in the eyes of the Christian world. "It is in vain to deny that
this is your design. . . . . It is evident that, as things now stand, you
cannot thereby benefit the late Society, and it is equally plain that you
afford subject of scandal to the children of the Church, and of triumph to
her enemies. . . . . Admitting then for a moment Clement XIV. to have
been as bad a man as you seem to suppose, is it for you, sir, to propagate
his infamy? "
The work was deemed so scandalous, said Dr. Milner, that Mr. 'Veld
insisted on its suppression, and it was accordingly withdrawn from circula-
tion. Though bearing the imprint of Dublin, it was printed in London.
Dr. Kirk, who himself was the bearer of one packet of the MS. from Fr. Thorpe
to Fr. Chas. Plowden, when he left the English College, Rome, in 1785, was
sure of the writer and editor, and had heard both of them relate, a year or
two previously, some of the anecdotes respecting Ganganelli. The result
was that Fr. Thorpe, then residing in a private lodging at Rome, was pro-
hibited from going beyond the walls of the city for three months.
7. The Manners of the Christians. Translated from the
French of Claude Fleury, by C. Cordell. Newcastle, P. Keating,
1786. 12mo.
8. The Manners of the Israelites, wherein is seen the Model
of a plain and honest Policy for the Government of States, and
a Reformation of Manners. Translated by C. Cordell from the
French of C. Fleury. Newcastle, 1786, Izmo.; Lond. 1847, I6mo.
9. A Larger Historical Catechism, containing an abridgemen t
of Sacred History and of the Christian Doctrine. Taken from
the French of the Abbé Fleury. Newcastle,12mo.

568

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

10. Short Historical Catechism, containing an abridgement of
Sacred History and of the Christian Doctrine, &c. Newcastle
(printed), Lond. 1786. 12mo.
Both of these Catechisms were originally translated by the Rev. \Vm.
Crathorne.

Corker, James Maurus, O.S.B., a native of Yorkshire,
born in 1636, was a convert. He obtained admittance to the
English Benedictine Abbey at Lambspring, in Germany,
where he was professed in 1656, and after teaching for some
years, was at length sent to the mission in the South Province,
in 1665.
For twelve years he was chaplain to a widow lady of dis-
tinction, until, alarmed by the publication of Oates' narrative,
in which he was mentioned as one concerned in that pretended
plot, he concealed himself for several months.
At length, however, he was apprehended and committed to
Newgate, and on ] uly 18, 1679, he was brought to trial at the
Old Bailey with Sir George Wakeman, William Marshall, and
\Villiam Rumley; Scroggs, the Lord Chief Justice, sitting on
the bench. He was indicted for endeavouring to raise a
rebellion, subvert the Government, introduce Popery, and for
conspiring to murder the king with the assistance of Grove,
Pickering, and four Irish ruffians. Dugdale, Prance, and
] ennison were the first witnesses brought against him, and
even they only swore to the plot in general. Then Oates was
called, who deposed that he had seen a patent from Rome,
nominating Fr. Corker Bishop of London; that he was privy
to the conspiracy to murder the king; and, that being Pre-
sident of the Benedictine monks, and his consent necessary for
the raising of six thousand pounds to carryon the cause, he
had actually given it. Bedloe was next put in the witness-
box, and swore that he had frequently heard the prisoner dis-
course on the design, the carrying on of the cause, the raising
an army, &c. In opposition to these two witnesses, it was
proved that Fr. Corker had never been President of the English
Benedictine Congregation, but that Fr. Stapleton enjoyed that
dignity at the time referred to. As to Bedloe's evidence, it
was so general in its character, absolutely ignoring particulars,
that it could not affect the prisoner. In conclusion, the jury
found the prisoner not guilty.
However, he was detained in custody on account of his

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

569

religious profession, and he was indicted a second time for
receiving orders under the authority of the See of Rome.
He was accordingly again tried,]an. 17, 1679-80. His defence
was that he had been already acquitted at his previous trial,
but he was told that this plea would be of no service, his present
indictment being for an offence of another character. Oates,
Bedloe, and Prance were again produced. Oates deposed that
he heard him say 11ass at the Savoy, and that he had received
the Sacrament from his hands. Bedloe swore that he heard
him say Mass at Somerset House, and Prance stated that he
had heard him say 11ass at Mr. Paston's, in Duke Street.
Fr. Corker assured the court that he had never said Mass in
the two last places, but the infamous witnesses maintained
what they had sworn, and the jury brought in a verdict of
guilty, and he was sentenced to death. Subsequently he was
reprieved, but detained in Newgate until 1685, when he was
released by ] ames I I.
He afterwards resided many years in London, where he was
greatly esteemed for his great charity to the poor. \Vhile
prisoner in N ewgate, he formed an intimate friendship with the
saintly martyr, Oliver Plunket, Archbishop of Armagh.
Fr. Corker was not only his spiritual adviser, but was able to
procure the charitable assistance of his friends towards his
maintenance during his confinement. The morning before the
Archbishop's execution, he made Fr. Corker a present of his
body, who willingly accepted the gift, and, when the times per-
mitted, was enabled to direct its disposal.
In 1680 -I, he was installed, whilst still a prisoner in
Newgate, President-General of the English Benedictines, and
in the latter year received the titular dignity of Cathedral Prior
of Canterbury. \Veldon states that whilst immured in Newgate
he gained over one thousand souls to God.
On his release, in 1685, he was received by his Majesty at
Court as resident ambassador of the Elector of Cologne,
Ferdinand of Bavaria, who also possessed the bishoprics of
Liége, l\Iunster, and Hildesheim.
This appointment enabled him to erect a very pretty con-
vent at Clerkenwell, which had, however, but a brief exist.
ence. I t was the first object of attack when the news
reached London of the landing of \Villiam, Prince of Orange.
Forced to seek refuge on the Continent, Fr. Corker was

57 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

elected Abbot of Lambspring in 1690, whither he caused the
quarters of his friend, the martyred Archbishop of Armagh, to
be transferred, and honourably entombed. The head seems to
have come into the possession of the Dominican nuns at
Drogheda through the first prioress, Catherine Plunket.
In 1695 the worthy Abbot resigned his dignity, and returned
to England, where he closed a life full of days and merits, at
Paddington, near London, Dec. 22, 1715, aged 79. He \Vas
interred at St. Pancras, the resting-place of most of the London
Catholics.
He was a man of strict morality and edifying life, and his
affable manners and engaging conversation gained him the
esteem and admiration of all with whom he came in contact.
Dodd, Cft. Hist. J . OIÏí:cr, Collecti(J}ls, pp. 495 and 509; SUO,I.',
Bellcd. Necrology.
I. Stafford's Memoires; or, A Brief and Impartial Account
of the Birth and Quality, Imprisonment, Tryal, Principles,
Declaration, Comportment, Devotion, Last Speech, and Final
End of William, late Lcrd Viscount Stafford. Beheaded on
Tower Rill, Wednesday, Dec. 29, 1680. Whereunto is annexed
a short Appendix concerning some Passages in Stephen Colledge's
Tryal. The whole now again set forth, for the more ample
Illustration of that so wonderfully Zealous Pamphlet, entituled,
The Papist's Bloody After-Game; writ in Answer to the said
Memoirs, and published by Langley Curtis, 1682. Lond. I68
,
12mo., title I leaf; Publisher to Reader, 2 ff.; Introduction 2 ff., pp. 216. The
first edition of Stafford's Memoirs was published in 1681, and was attacked
by a pamphlet, entitled "The Papist's Bloody After-Game," composed by a
zealous Protestant Dissenter.
2. Roman Catholick Principles in reference to God and the
King, was printed in Stafford's Memoirs in 1681, and has been very
frequently reprinted. It occupies pp. 129- 1 5 I in the 2nd edit. of Stafford's
Memoirs, 1682.
This work was attributed to Fr. Corker, and was referred to by Lord
Stafford on his trial in vindication of his faith. Charles Butler (" Memoirs,"
1822, iii. p. 493), who reprints it with a long note in answer to Dr. Milner,
says that it is a clear and accurate exposition of the Catholic Creed, on
some of its most important principles, and has all the authority that such
a document can receive from time and universal assent.
In perusing the work, Dr. Leland, the historian, is said to have declarcd
that, if -such were the principles of Catholics, no Government had any right
to quarrel with them. Dr. Oliver calls it a concise but luminous treatise.
Bishop :Milner, in his" Supplementary :\lemoirs," takes exception to the views
regarding it as expressed by Berington, Butler, and Kirk. He would hm"c
preferred the adoption of a more authoritative formula, sllch as the Creed of
Pius IV.

OF TIlE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

57 1

Owing to some exceptions taken against the accuracy of the "Proposi

tions" which form the heading of "The Faith of Catholics," by the Re\'.
Joseph Derington and Dr. Kirk, the latter reprinted Fr. Corker's work under
the title" Roman Catholic Principles in Reference to God and the King.
First published in the year 1680. To which is prefixed an Inquiryrespecting
the Editions and the Author of that valuable Tract." Lond. 1815, 8vo.
This pamphlet evinces great industry of research, and felicitously proves,
from circumstantial evidence, tl1at the "Principles" were drawn up by
Fr. Corker.
3. A Remonstrance of Piety and Innocence; containing the
last Devotions and Protestations of several Roman Catholicks,
condemned and executed on account of the Plot. Faithfully
taken from their own mouths as they spoke them, or from the
originals written and left under their own hands. To which are
annexed certain Lessons, Psalms, and Prayers, selected out of
Holy Service, Church Office, and Roman Missal, proper for the
present exigence of the times. Hereunto is also added a
Summary of Roman Catholick Principles, in reference to God
and the King, explained in a short Treatise formerly writ and
published upon that Subject. Lond. 1683, 12mo., title and preface,
2 ff., pp. 190. It is a collection of prayers, the concluding one being
signed J. C.
4. A Sermon on the Blessed Eucharist. Lond. 169;. 12mo.
5, Correspondence with Oliver Plunket, Archbishop of
Armagh. :\ISS. in the possession of Dodd, the historian, \,,"ho states that
they are full of the highest ideas of the Divine Goodness, and of brotherly
charity towards the miserable wretches who occasioned the spilling of so
much innocent blood. One of these letters is preserved at Downside,
endorsed, "A copy of certain Letters writ by Bishop Plunket and :Mr. Corker
during their imprisonment; and one of Mr. Corker's to a Lady of their
acquaintance concerning ye l\Iartyràom of ye said Venerable Bishop." The
last is the only letter now in the hands of the Benedictines.
6. A Brief Account of the Proceedings against the six Popish
Priests condemned for high treason, the 17th day of this instant
January 1679-80, viz., Lionel Anderson alias Munson, W. Russel,
G. Parry, H. Starkey, J. Corker, and W. Marshall, with whom
was likewise tryed A. Lumsdell. (Lond. 1680), fo1.
"The Tryals and Condemnation of Lionel Anderson alim' 1\1 unson,
\V. Russel alias Kapper, C. Parris alias Parry, H. Starkey, J. Corker, and
\Y.l\Iarshal, for High Treason, as Romish Priests. Together with the Tryal
of .-\. Lumsden, a Scotchman, and the arraignment of D. J. Kemish for the
same offence, at the Old Bailey, Jan. 17, 1679." Lond. 1680, fo1. Also" The
Tryals of Sir George \Vakeman, \V. Marshall, \V. Rumley, andJ. Corker for
High Treason, for conspiring the Death of the King," Lond. 1678, fo1.
7. Vide Additions and Corrections.

Corless, George J. A., D.D., a native of the Fyldc,
Lancashire, descended from an ancient Catholic yeomanry
family, was educated and ordained priest at U shaw College,.

57 2

IHBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and for some time served the mission of Crathorne, co. York.
He was subsequently at Thropton, from whence he succeeded,
in 1852, the Rev. John Dixon to the ancient mission of
Cottam, in the Fylde, which, previous to the beginning of last
century, had been maintained by the Haydocks of Cottam
Hall from the reign of Queen 1'viary.
Here Dr. Corless passed the remainder of his days, and died
of the dropsy, Nov. I, 1865, in the 74th year of his age.
Gi!!o'W, La1lc. Rec1tsmzts, .lII S.
I. Reply to a Review of a Pamphlet, entitled "Declaration of
the Catholic Bishops, the Vícars.Apostolic, and their Coadjutors
in Great Britain," paragraph by paragraph, by the Rev. George
Townsend, Prebendary of Durham, and Vicar of Northallerton,
By the Rev. George Corless. Lond. 1827. 8vo.
2. The Catholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation proved from
the Early Fathers; in Answer to a Recent Pamphlet by the
Rev. J. S. Faber, Rector of Longnewton, Durham, Author of the
Difficulties of Romanism. Lond. 1827. 8vo.
Cornforth, Thomas, priest, born l\Iay 7-17, 1679, was
educated and ordained priest at Douay College, where he
assumed the alias of Roydon. He was chaplain to the Scroops,
at Danby Castle, for some time, but eventually settled at Stour
Provost, co. Dorset, where he long resided, and was very
instrumental in creating a fund for his successors in that
mission, which usually passes by the name of l\1arnhul1. There
he died, Aug. 5, 1748, aged 69.
He had the character of being" an honest, worthy, and
zealous labourer," and was a member of the Chapter, being
chosen Archdeacon, July 14, 1739.
Olivcr,Collcctiolls; ]{irk,Biog. CollectioJlS,llíSS.;Douay Diat-ies.
I. An Eye-Catechism represented in two sheets of Royal
Paper, curiously engraved on Copper Plates, very proper for the
Instruction of Children and Young People, advertised by T.
:\Ieighan, Drury Lane, lï52, is perhaps the work alluded to by Mr. Thomas
Herington, Dean of the Chapter, who in speaking of Mr. Cornforth says,
., He was an author, and that in folio too, but his whole piece consists of one
sheet, proper to be hung in a frame."
Cornelius, John, Father S.J., martyr, was horn at
Bodmin, in Cornwall, in 1557.
His father was an Irishman, and, though living in the
humblest station, is said to have sprung from the illustrious
family of the O'lVlahons, or O'lVlagans.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5ï3

His patron, Sir John Arundell, of Lanherne, Knt., on whose
estate his father lived, sent him to Oxford, where he studied for
several years, until conceiving a strong distaste for the new
religion, he went to the English College at Rheims, and after
some stay there proceeded to the English College, Rome, for
his theology, and was admitted, April I, 1580.
Here he was ordained priest, and left for Engiand in I 583.
After labouring on the mission with great fruit for a few years,
he was seized at Chideock Castle, Dorset, where he was
chaplain to Lady ArundelJ, the widow of his former patron, on
Sunday, April 14, 1594-
Fr. Cornelius was carried to London, where he was examined,
and remanded back to Dorchester for trial, and having been
condemned to death for the priesthood, \-vas admitted into the
Society of Jesus in prison.
His execution took place at Dorchester, July 4, 1594,
aged 37, together with his three fellow-captives, Thomas
Bosgrave, Esq., a relative of the Arundells, John Carey, and
Patrick Salmon, servants at Chideock.
Foley, Records S J., vols. iii. and vii.
I. A lengthy Memoir is given by Bro. Foley in his "Records S.J.,"
vol. iii., with extracts from various records.

. The Acts of Father Cornelius. MS., written by Dorothy, the
daughter of Lady Arundell, preserved in the Archives at Rome.
3. Portrait, Jo. Cornelius Soc. Jesu Novitius, Dorcest, Cat. Fide
Suspensus et Sectus, 1594, sketched by Charles 'Veld, Esq., of Chideock
House, Dorset, from the original portrait at the Gesu, Rome, photographs of
which are published in ,"ols. iii. and vii. of" Records S. J ."

Cort, Thomas, O.S.F., said to have belonged to a noble
family, was so forward in his zeal against the proceedings of
Henry VIII., that he publicly censured his Majesty's conduct,
both as regards the divorce and his arrogant assumption of the
title of supreme head of the Church in England.
In consequence, he was cast into a filthy prison, where, partly
through the foul state. of his cell, and partly through excessive
hunger, he at length ended his days, July 27, 1537.
It was reported that at the moment of his death the whole
prison was il!umined with an extraordinary light, which was
currently believed to be miraculous; the king therefore com-
manded that he should be buried with respect.
Parkinson, ColI. A llg1o-Min., p. 239.

574

BIULIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Cosens, Thomas, and his wife, confessors of the faith, were
imprisoned in the Clink, London, on account of their religion,
where they both died in 1589.
Jlforris, Troubles, Third Scries.

Cotesmore, Thomas, priest and confessor of the faith, a
native of the diocese of Lichfield, was ordained at the English
College at Rheims, in 1580, and two years later came on the
English mission. Here he was apprehended and thrown into
prison, where he died in 1584.
Challollcr, .1JIemoirs J. DOllay Diarics.

Cottam, Thomas, Father S.J., martyr, was the son of
Lawrence Cottam, of Dilworth and Tarnaker, gent., and his wife
Ann, daughter of 1\1r. Brewer, or Brewerth, of Brindle, co.
Lancaster, who after her husband's death married \Villiam
..c\mbrose, of Ambrose Hall, in \Voodplumpton, gent.
This ancient family had been seated at Dilworth for many
generations, and returned a pedigree at St. George's Visitation
of Lancashire in 161 3. The martyr's brother, John Cottam,
succeeded to the estates, and resided at Tarnaker. Both he and
his wife Catherine, daughter of 1VIr. Dove, of Birtwood, in
Essex, frequently appear in the Recusant Rolls with their only
child, Priscilla. The latter married Thomas \Valton, of \Valton-
in-Ie-Dale, co. Lancaster, gent., and was the mother of James
\Valton, who was ordained priest at the English College, Rome,
in 1633, and used the alias of Thomas Cottam.
Though other members of the family appear in the Recusant
RoUs, Fr. Cottam's parents were Protestants, and, being people
of substance, could well afford to give their son a liberal
education. Having made his rudimental studies, he was
cntered at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he passed B.A.,

1arch :2 3, 1568.
After the completi011 of his studies he was appointed to the
mastership of a noted free grammar-school in London. Here
he formed an intimate friendship \\'ith Thomas Pounde, Esq., of
Belmont, and was soon converted by that noble confessor of
the faith, who suffered an imprisonment of about thirty years'
Juration, and was admitted to the Society of Jesus in prison,
but was then at liberty.
Accordingly he resigned his mastership and left England for

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

575

Douay College, where he repeated his philosophy and studied
theology for some years.
His ardent desire was for the East Indian missions, and
with this view he left Douay for Rome, where he obtained
admission to the Society of Jesus at St. Andrew's, as a pre-
paratory step, on April 8, 1579. In the sixth month of his
noviceship he was attacked with a consuming and lingering
illness, and he was sent by his superiors to Lyons to try if a
change of air would restore him to health. But the sickness
increasing, he appeared unfit for the Society, and therefore he
was dismissed the novitiate.
1\ir. Cottam, as soon as he was able, returned to Douay
College, which in the meantime had been translated to Rheims,
and there he was ordained priest, in 1580, and forthwith was
sent to the English mission. He arrived at Dover in June of
that year, and was immediately arrested. To avoid expense,
the :Mayor of Dover requested a merchant, named Havard,
travelling to London, to carry him a prisoner to Lord Cobham.
Havard, who in reality was Dr. Ely, Professor of Canon and
Civil Law in the University of Douay, did not, of course, intend
to deliver him up, but 1\ir. Cottam's scruples and other circum.
stances resulted in his surrendering himself to Lord Cobham's
deputy. He was carried to the court at N on such, or Oaklands,
and, after five days' conference with various Protestant ministers,
who laboured in vain to convert him, he was committed to the
":\Iarshalsea for religion) and not on the more ordinary charge of
treason.
In the l\larshalsea he was brutally tortured, and then re-
moved, Dec. 25, 1580, to the Tower to be racked and undergo
the torture of the " Scavenger's Daughter," &c. This was not
done under the usual pretence of extracting secret treason, but
purely on account of refusal to conform and confess his private
sins to his tormentors, as he boldly affirmed to their faces
at his arraignment.
After a long confinement he was arraigned at vVestminster
Hall, Kov. 14, 1581, with Fr. Campion and others, and was
condemned to death for his priestly character. His execution
was deferred for State purposes until :May 13, 1582, when he
was dragged on a hurdle from Newgate to Tyburn, with three
other priests, \Villiam Filbie, Luke Kirby, and Lawrence Rich-
ardson, and was there hanged, drawn, and quartered, aged 33.

57 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Challoner, and most authorities, do not treat him as a
Jesuit, but Dr. Oliver and Bro. Foley have included him in the
"Collectanea S.] .," quoting some authorities for the assertion
that the martyr was readmitted into the Society in prison.
Challollcr, jWcmoirs,. Foley, Records SJ., vols. ii. and vii.;
Gillow, Lane. Reel/SallIs, .JJ1 S.
I. Portrait, P. Thomas Cottamus Anglus Londini pro Catholico
Fide suspensus Gladioque sectus ix. Jul. 1582. Taken from a
sheet containing twenty-four Jesuits. The date of his execution has frequently
been incorrectly stated.

Cottington, Francis, Lord, statesman, was the fourth son
of Philip Cottington, Esq., of Godmarston, in Somersetshire.
He had the advantage of serving under Sir Robert Cecil,
principal Secretary of State, who recommended him to Sir
Charles Corn\\Tallis, when he was sent on his embassy to
Spain.
In the I I James I., l\1:r. Cottington was made one of the
clerks of the Council, and afterwards succeeded Sir ] ohn
Digby as ambassador to Spain. On his return, after four
years, he was created a Baronet, 20 James 1. In 5 Charles 1.,
he was made Under-Treasurer and Chancellor of the
Exchequer, and shortly afterwards was again despatched to
Spain. Two years. later, 7 Charles I., he was created a
Baron, with the title of Lord Cottington of Hanworth, in the
county of l\1iddlesex. He was one of the Commissioners of
the Treasury during the king's progress through Scotland, in
the 9 Charles I., and in the beginning of the Civil vVar, while
the king was resident at Oxford, Lord Cottington became Lord
Treasurer.
On the defeat of the Royal cause, he accompanied Prince
Charles into exile; and in conjunction with Sir Edward Hyde
was deputed to the Court of Spain to solicit assistance. While
still on this mission, he died at Valladolid in 1653, aged 77,
in communion with the Catholic Church, of which it is thought
he had been a member from the beginning of the reign of
Charles 1.
Lord Clarendon describes him as prudent, sedate, and an
able statesman, and though no great master of academical
learning, so accomplished in French, Spanish, and Italian, as to
speak those languages with the greatest ease and elegance.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

577

He was not without his rivals and enemies. Both Cottington
and Sir Francis vVindebank suffered from unpopular actions;
the former, as Master of the Court of Wards, is said to have
raised the fees to the disgust of many of the nobility and
gentry; the latter was suspected of holding a correspondence
with Panzani, the Pope's agent, then resident in London. They
were both of them also accused of favouring the Catholic
interest, so that shortly before the breaking out of the Civil
\Var, Parliament instituted an inquiry into their conduct.
Cottington stood his ground with much firmness, but Sir
Francis was obliged to retire to France.
Lord Cottington had amassed a considerable fortune, but his
generous nature, his high style of living, and the unavoidable
expense entailed by his embassies, very much impaired his
estate. He married Anne, daughter of Sir
Tilliam l\leredith,
by whom he had no issue, and was consequently succeeded in
his estate by Francis, son of Maurice Cottington, Esq.
Dodd, Clt. His!.
I. A Refutation of a False and Impious Aspersion cast on the
late Lord Cottington by the Writer (H. Care) of the Popish
Currant. (Lond.? 1681 ?), fol. Published with a " Pacquet of Advice from
Rome."
2. Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Q. Elizabeth
and K.Jamas I. . . . . comprehending likewise the Negotiations
of . . . . Mr. Cottington and others, at the Courts of France and
Spain, and in Holland, Venice, &c. Lond. 1725, fo1. It includes
despatches.

Couche, William, scholastic, eldest son of vVilliam Couche,
of Tolfrey, near Fowey, co. Cornwall, Esq., by Anne, daughter
of Peter Hoskins, of Ibberton, co. Dorset, was born Feb. 5,
1732. He made his humanity studies at St. Omer's College,
and entered the Society of Jesus in 1749, but was prematurely
carried off by the small-pox at Liége, Feb. 23, 1753.
He \vas a promising member of the Society, and died in the
odour of sanctity.
Oliver, Collectiolls" Foley, Records SJ., Collectmzea.
I. De Vita Virtutibusque Gulielmi Couche. MS. at Stonyhurst,
written by his cousin Fr. Ralph Hoskins, S.]., a well-written and very edifying
memoir.

Cowling, or Collins, Ralph, confessor of the faith, a
cordwainer in the city of York, who had held office in the
VOL. I. P P

57 8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Corporation, fled from home on account of the persecution, but
was apprehended for recusancy and brought back to York.
It so happened that at this time the citizens of York,
instigated by the Council, were celebrating their triumph at the
death of poor Mary Queen of Scots (Feb. 8, 1587), by
illuminating the streets with bonfires, and, as Mr. Cowling was
brought in a prisoner, he became the object of their abuse.
Some cast filth over him, while others wished to draw him
through the fires, with another who was taken with him on
account of religion. The officers had great trouble to get
them safe to the Council, who committed Mr. Cowling to
Dearman's house, the pursuivant. His fellow-prisoner, Nicholas
Brown, was sent to the Castle, where Mr. Cowling was finally
removed. Here he died, Aug. I, 1587, and was buried under
the wall. ·
His sons, Richard and William Cowling, retired abroad, and
became priests at the English College, Rome. The former
joined the Society, but both are generally known under the
name of Collins.

.JVlorris, Troubles, Third Series; Foley, Records SJ., Roman
Diary.

Cowper, Peter, confessor of the faith, is referred to in a
pamphlet secretly printed and distributed about London in
1583, for the purpose of exposing the Council's publication
purporting to be the declaration of Fr. Bosgrave and his fellow-
sufferer, l\1:r. Orton.
Peter Cowper in this pamphlet is said to have died in a
dreary dungeon in the Tower, either through cold and dark-
ness or the stench of the place, but it seems probable that there
is here some confusion, and that he is identical with John
Cooper who died in the Tower about this time.
Foley, Records SJ" vol. iii. p. 293.

Cox, Edward, D.D., President of 51. Edmund's College,
was the son of Mr. Edward Cox, who died Dec, 27, 1849,
aged 73.
His father sent him to Old Hall, near "Vare, in Hertford-
shire, where he was educated and ordained priest, and for a
short time was retained in the College as a professor.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

579

\Vhile yet comparatively a young man he distinguished
himself by his able translations from the German, and was
rewarded with the degree of D.D.
Having served as assistant priest at Chelsea for some time,
he was appointed to succeed the Rev. John Rolfe as President
of the College at Old Hall Green, in Aug. 1840, and after
eleven years spent in this position, he retired into the diocese
of Southwark, in Aug. 1851, and was given the charge of
the mission at Southampton.
He was soon a member of the Southwark Chapter, and
Bishop Grant chose him as his Vicar-General, but óeath put
an end to his further promotion, Nov. 9, 18 5 6 , aged 54.
Calk. Directories.
I. The Blessed Nicholas vonder Flue, and the Deputies of the
Diet of Stantz. Translated from the Germqn of G. Goerres. Lond. 1838,
12mo.
2. Words of the Enemies of Christ during His Sacred Pas-
sion. Translated from the German of Dr. J. Emanuel Veith,
Preacher-in-Ordinary in the Cathedral of Vienna. Lond. 1838,
Izmo.; 1855, 8vo.
3. The History of the Church. Translated from the German
of the Rev. J. J. Ig. von Döllinger, D.D., Prof. of Theol. in the
Royal Univ. of Munich. Lond., Dolman, 1840-2, 4 vols. 8vo., a work
which is now in great request, and is regarded as an excellent translation.
4. The Seven Words Spoken by Our Lord Jesus Christ on
the Cross. Translated from the German of Dr. J. Emanuel Veith.
Lond. 1846, 16mo.; 1847; 1855.
5. A Treatise on the Church. Translated from the German of
the Rev. H. Klee. Lond. 1847, 8vo., pp. 204.
6. Cons]derations and Instructions on the Jubilee and Indul.
gencês. With an Appendix. Translated from the German of
Dr. J. E. Veith. Lond. 18";'7. 16mo.
7. The Our F'ather; or Illustrations of the Lord's Frayer. From
the German of Dr. J. E. Veith. Lond. 1849. 16mo.
Cox, George Duncombe, M.D., second son of Samuel
Cox, Esq., lvLD., of Eaton Bishop, co. Hereford, was born at
Durham, Nov. 19, 1807.
His father having subsequently gone to reside in France, he
was educated at the College of Boulogne-sur-l\ler, then con-
ducted by Abbé Hafranque. \\Then his studies were completed
he resolved to embrace the medical profession, and accordingly
entered at the University of Edinburgh, where he received his
degree of Doctor in I 835.

pp

5 8 0

BIDLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

During his subsequent residence in Edinburgh he employed
much of his leisure time in visiting the sick poor, and struck with
the many spiritual disadvantages from which poor Catholics in
the general hospitals too often suffered. he conceived the idea
of founding a hospital where the Catholic sick might receive
medical attendance without the danger of their faith being
tampered with, or of suffering the many annoyances to which
they might be exposed from Protestant attendants.
To this hospital, which was to have been dedicated to St.
Cancillus, he purposed to devote his time and abilities. But
all his efforts, by lecturing and otherwise, to collect the neces-
sary funds, and to enlist sympathy, proved unavailing, and the
project had to be abandoned.
He next directed his energies to the establishment of a
Catholic newspaper, in which Catholic views might be advocated
and Catholic claims urged, for at that particular time no such
organ existed in Britain. The want had indeed long- been
felt, but it was reserved to Dr. Cox to supply it. Having
received the promise of assistance from Mr. \Vilkie, a then
recent convert of considerable abilities, he entered upon the
hazardous undertaking, and the necessary preparations having
been made, The Phæmx appeared in the month of January,
18 4 0 .
The new paper met with considerable support, and soon had
what was in those days considered a very fair circulation,
though its being published in Edinburgh doubtless deprived it
of some advantages; while it was regarded as an able and
fearless advocate of the Catholic cause.
About this time, however, the same object was being pur-
sued by other zealous Catholics, and not many months after
the first appearance of The Pha"Jll
r, The Tablet was established.
This paper, supported by more powerful patronage and more
ample funds, had besides the advantage of being a London
paper.
Dr. Cox was convinced, as was then indeed the case, that
the Catholic body could not support both papers, and as he
had no personal motive in establishing The PhæJllx, and his
desire to amalgamate \yith the new journal was not responded
to, he was cOlltent to let the work for which he had so assidu-
()Usly laboured pass into more fortunate hands.
But the anxiety and unassisted labour, for Mr. vVilkie had

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 81

early retired from the editorial staff, together with other urgent
business requiring his frequent absence from Edinburgh, had
told severely on his never very robust health, and soon after
his return to Eaton Bishop he was seized with a severe illness,
under which he rapidly sank and died, Oct. 3 I, 1840, aged 33.
Gillow, Early Catholic Periodicals, Tablet, Jan. 29 to
1\iarch 19, I 88 I ; Col. Cox, Letter to the Author.
I. The Opening of the Sixth Seal. A Poem.
2. 1829; A Poem. 12mo.
3. Poems. Edinburgh, 1834, 8vo. Besides this volume, Dr. Cox was
also the author of many unpublished pieces of much beauty, and evincing the
most tender piety.
4. The Phænix, Political, Literary, and Scientific Journal,
a weekly published at Edinburgh, price 6d., 8vo., first issued Feb. 6, 1840,
continued to July 30, 1840; perhaps a little longer.

Cox, Richard, Esq., second son of Sir Richard Cox, of
Kingsberry, co. Hereford, and the lineal descendant of Sir
Edward Cox, of Broxwood, one of the beroes of Poictiers, be-
came heir to his cousin, Richard Cox, of Herefordshire, and
served as High Sheriff, I 3 J ac. I.
This ancient family has been seated at Broxwood, co. Here-
ford, from the earliest period, and claims to be descended from
Clement Cox, whose son was raised to the dignity of an Earl
by Edward the Confessor.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Richard Cox sided with
the king, and after much service in the Royal cause, died from
the effects of a wound received at Naseby. .
On his monument is a Latin inscription which styles him
II twenty-fourth titular Earl Cox."
He married Mary, daughter of John Brent, Esq., of Glol1ces.
tershire, and his son, Sir John Cox, was killed at the battle of
Solebay, 11ay 27, 1672, being then in command of the Duke
of York's flagship Prince. Sir John's son, Gabriel Cox, of
Farningham, was also a sufferer for his loyalty, and accom-
panied James II. to St. Germain, where he died soon after
16 93.
An interesting episode in the history of the Gordon Riots
relates to Mr. Robert Kilby Cox, the son of the above Gabriel,
and is the more appreciable as the incident of the "wooden
gods" is told by Dickens in H Barnaby Rudge."
Robert Kilby Cox was born at Highgate about the year

5 82

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I 745. His father being a younger son, Mr. Cox was destined
for mercantile pursuits, which he followed until he succeeded
his uncle, Samuel Cox, in the family estates in the year 178 I.
He married the daughter of John Linnell, Esq., by whom he
had two sons and two daughters, none of whom, however, left
descendants.
In the memorable year 1780, Mr. Cox was living in Great
Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, and being well known as
a zealous Catholic, was marked out by the fanatical mob
excited by Lord George Gordon.
It was on the 6th of June that the mob, flushed with their
success in thc burning of N ewgate and the destruction of Lord
Mansfield's house, arrived before Mr. Cox's residence, and that
so suddenly that he with difficulty escaped out of a window at
the back of the house, carrying his little son upon his back.
The rioters having thus failed in their attempt at personal
violence, vented their fury upon the house and furniture, which
they completely wrecked, throwing the portable furniture
into the street, where a - fire had been kindled for its morc
effectual destruction. Some small figures which had adorned
the drawing-room especially excited the fury of the rabble, who
hurled them into the fire amid exulting shouts of" There go
his wooden gods," " There go his little J esuses." N either did
the cellars escape; a pipe of wine laid down a few days before
being emptied by the plunderers. One of these was subse.
quently convicted and sentenced to capital punishment, but
reprieved on account of his previous good character.
Mr. Cox's mother and sister, who were then residing at
Highgate, being much alarmed lest the threats of burning their
house should be carried out, hastily packed up some valuables,
and sought shelter among their Protestant friends, but it was
only with difficulty that they at last found one willing to incur
the danger of harbouring them. Their fears, however, were
not realized, as the mob came no further than Caen vVood, the
destruction of Lord Mansfield's residence having apparently
satisfied them.
The family is now represented by Mr. Cox's grand-nephew,
Colonel Richard Snead Cox, of Broxwood Court and Eaton
Bishop.
Burke, Landed Gcntry,. Lettcrs alld Jl.ISS. Ùl posscssion of
Col. Cox.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 8'"
..)

Cox, Robert Benedict, O.S.B., confessor of the faith,
was professed in St. Lawrence's rvlonastery at Dieulward in
1612. Sent to the English mission, he was at length appre-
hended, tried, and sentenced to death for being a priest, which
for some reason or other was not carried out. He, however,
endured a long and tedious martyrdom in prison, where he died
in the Clink, May 23, 1648.
In 1643 the Archbishop of Cambray was directed by
Urban VIII. to nominate and empower certain priests in
England to make diligent inquiry into the cause and manner
of death of the priests recently executed under the penal
statutes, and to transmit the reports to Rome. A copy of the
Pope's breve, with a letter of authorization from the Arch-
bishop, fell into the hands of the Government, and hence every
endeavour was made to secure the persons of those named in
the commission. These were-for London and the counties
south of the Trent, George Gage, D.D., protonotary-apostolical,
Fr. Thomas Dade, Provincial, O.S.D., Fr. Bennet Cox, O.S.B., and
Fr. Fris. Bell, Definitor, O.S.F. ; and for York and the northern
counties, Mr. Phillips, confessor to the Queen, lVlr. George
Catherick, Fr. Robert Haydock, Provincial, O.S.B., and Fr.
\\Tilliam Anderton, O.S.F. ·
They were instructed to personally visit the places where
evidence was likely to be found, to call before them persons of
credit and integrity, who had been acquainted with the martyrs,
and the particulars of their trials and behaviour at their execu-
tion ; to take the depositions in writing upon oath, with the
names of the deponents; and to certify the same in due form to
the Archbishop.
It is needless to say that the Government were anxious to
prevent the execution of this commission, and, indeed, several
of the deputies fell into their hands and were hardly dealt with.
From this it is probable that Fr. Cox suffered from three to
four years' imprisonment.
Challoller, .lIIellloirs,. Snow, Belled. Necrology.

I. "The Pope's Brief: or, Rome's Inquiry after the Death of their
Catholiques here in England during these Times of \Varre: Discovered by
two Commissions; The one sent from the Pope that now is: The other
from the Bishop and Duke of Cambray to severall Commissioners in
England: \Vhereby the Death of such Catholiques may be returned to the
See of Rome to be detennined of (as may be fit for the Glory of God).

584

BI:HLIOG RAPHICAL DICTION AR Y

Together with a Catalogue of the Vicars Generall, and Archdeacons under
the Bishop of Ca1cedon, for the setling of the Popish Hierarchy in England.
"With divers Letters concerning the same," &c. Ordered by the Commons.
in Parliament. Lond. 1643. Dec. 7, 4to., title I f., pp. 37.

Crashaw, Richard, poet and divine, son of William
Crashaw, B.D., a preacher at the Temple, London, is supposed
to have been born in 1615. He was educated first at the
Charterhouse, and subsequently became a scholar at Pembroke
Hall, Cambridge. III 1637 he obtained a fellmv:;hip at Peter-
house, and in the following year took his degree of
'1.A.
Four years previous to this, in 1634, he published a volume of
Latin poems, in one of which occurs the well-known line-
sometimes ascribed to Dryden-referring to the miracle of the
conversion of water into wine :-
" Nympha pudica Deum vidit et crubuit."
(The modest water saw its God, and blushed.)
On entering into Orders he became a popular preacher, and
was held in great admiration in the University, until he was
ejected by the rebels, in 1644, for refusing to subscribe to the
Covenant. Shortly afterwards he renounced all future hopes
of preferment by making his submission to the Catholic Church.
He went over to France. and was reduced to the most abject
poverty, in which state his friend, Abraham Cowley, discovered
him in Paris, in 1646. Cowley shared with bim his slender
means, and after some time he was introduced to Dr. Gough
and Mr. Carr, who secured him the influence of Henrietta
Maria. Her benevolence enabled him to proceed to Italy,
and procured him, by her commendatory letters, the post of
secretary to one of the Cardinals. He subsequently became a
Canon of the Cathedral of Loretto, and died there in 165 o.
Crashaw has been much neglected, notwithstanding the
encomiums on him pronounced by Pope, and reiterated in later
times by Coleridge. Aubrey de Vere thinks that his religion
was one cause of this neglect, and that another may be found
in the occasional quaintness and conceits which he shared with
Herbert, and which were increased by his admiration for the
writings of the Italian poet Marini.
His luxuriance of imagination and exquisite facility in the
expression of his poetical visions have seldom been surpassed.
In spite, however, of a redundant fancy, and the dlllcia vitia
into which it betrayed him, there is a charming beauty, rich-

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 8 5

ness, and tenderness in the poetry of Crashaw, as well as a
noble devotional fervour, and an occasional sublimity. He
was a passionate admirer of the writings of St. Teresa, and
addressed to her memory some of his finest verses. As he
advanced in years the mystical element in his liÍe became
more predominant.
In his translations from "Sospetto di Herode," a peculiar
vigour, as well as exuberance of language, is displayed, in
which he anticipates a modern poet of a very different school
-the unhappy Shelley.
Crashaw was skilled in music and drawing, as well as in
poetry, and as a linguist he was master of Latin, Greek,
Hebrew, French, Italian, and Spanish. The high estimate
in which he was held by the more discerning of his contem

poraries may be inferred from the lines on his death by
Cowley :-
" Poet and Saint! to thee alone are given,
The two most sacred names of earth and heaven.
* * * * * *
How well (blest Swan) did fate contrive thy death,
And made thee render up thy tuneful breath
I n thy great mistress' arms? Thou most divine
And richest offering of Loretto's shrine."
Dodd, Ch. Hist.; Aubrey de Vere, Specimells oj the Poets;
Allibolle, Diet. Ellg. Liter.
I. Epigrammatum Sacrorum liber. Ex Academiæ typographeo,
Cantabrigiæ, 1634, 8vo.; second edition, Poemata et Epigrammata, Can tab.
1670, 8vo. \Vritten whilst an alumnus of Pembroke Hall; the first edition
being excessively rare.
2. Steps to the Temple; Sacred Poems with the Delights of
the Muses. 2 pts., Lond., printed by T. \V. for Humphry Moseley, 16 4 6 ,
Izmo.
This work is said to have been published by a friend during the author's
absence in France. A second edition appeared, Lond. 1648, 8vo., "wherein
are added divers pieces not before extant." Another edition" and Carmen
Deo Nostro," in the Savoy (Lond.) 1670, 8\'0.
3. Carmen Deo Nostro, Te decet Hymnus: Sacred Poems,
collected, corrected, augmented, by R. C. Paris, 1652, 8vo. In
English.
4. A Letter from Mr. Crashaw to the Countess of Denbigh,
against irresolution and delay in Matters of Religion. Lond.
(Sept. 23, 1653). 4to. In verse.
5. The Suspicion of Herod: being the First Book of the Murder
of the Innocents. Trans. from the Italian poet, Giovanni Battista
Marini. An edition was published Lond. 1834. 8vo.

586

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

6. Poetry, with some Account of the Author and Intro"
ductory Address, by Peregrine Phillips. Lond. 1758, 12mo.; Lond.
1785, 8vo.
7. Poetical Works. To which is prefixed the Life of the Author.
By R. Anderson, M.D. (" Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Brit.,"
vol. iv. 1793, &c. 8vo.)
,. Life and Poems." By A. Chambers (" \V orks of the Eng. Poets;" vol. vi.
1810, 8vo.)
" Life and Select Poems." By E. Sanford (" \V orks of the Brit. Poets,"
vol. v., 1819, &c. 1zmo.)
"The Complete \Vorks of Richard Crashaw." By \Vm. T. Turnbull
(U Ubrary of Old Authors "), Lond. 1858. 8vo.
"The Poe
ical \V orks of Richard Crashaw and Quarles' Emblems. \Vith
Memoirs and Critical Dissertations." By Rev. G. Gilfillan. Edinburgh,
18 57, 8vo.; another edition, the text edited by C. C. Clarke (C
ssell's U Lib.
Ed. of Brit. Poets "), Lond. (1881), 8vo.
"The Complete \Vorks of Richard Crashaw, &c.," by A. B. Grosart
(Fuller, "\Vorthies' Lib.," &c., 1868, &c., 8vo.); new and carefully edited
edit. 1872.
8. Dies Iræ. Translated into English verse by Richard
Crashaw. ("The Seven Great Hymns," &c., 1865, 8vo.)
9. Among his best known pieces are-Hymn to the Name of Jesus;
Lines on a Prayer-Book; Music's Duel; the translation from Moschus,
Catullus, and of a portion of Marini's" Sospetto di Herode."
Some of his hymns have been introduced into prayer-books, &c., and
have often been reprinted.

Crathorne, Thomas, the elder, a gentleman volunteer in
the Royal cause, was slain at Uphaven during the Civil Wars

He was probably the son of Thomas Crathorne of Crathorne,
co. York, Esq., by Catherine, daughter and co-heiress of Edmund
Richart, of Swinington, co. Norfolk.
This very ancient family constantly figures in the Recusant
Rolls, and suffered one generation after another with the greatest
fortitude.
Castlemaill, Catlt. Apology,- Peacock, Yorkshire Papists, 1604;:
Visit. Ebor. 145.

Crathorne, William, divine, born in Oct. 1670, was
descended from the ancient family of Crathorne of Crathorne,
in Yorkshire, which suffered severely for its recusancy in the
hottest days of persecution. He was educated and ordained
priest at Douay College, when he assumed the name of Yaxley,
probably his mother's maiden name.
After he came on the mission he appears to have used the
alias of Augustin Shepherd. For some years he remained at

..

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

5 8 7

Douay as a professor, but left the College on account of his
health in Sept. 17 0 7. Hammersmith was the theatre of his
missionary labours, where he also undertook the chaplaincy of
the convent and school. He resided with Bishop Giffard, who
commissioned him to collect and edit all the published and
unpublished spiritual works of IVlr. Gother.
:Mr. Crathorne was a member of the Chapter, and died at
Hammersmith, March I I, 1739, O.s., aged 68.
He was .a zealous and indefatigable missionary, and was
seldom without his pen in hand.
J<irk, Biog. Collectiolls, MSS.
. Doltay Diaries.
I. The Life of S. Francis de Sales, written in French by Mons.
Marsollier, and done into English from the second edition of the
French. Lond., Thos. Meighan, 1737, 8vo., p. 33 2 .
This work was aftenvards re-translated by Dr. Coombes in 1812-
2. The History of the Life of our Lord Jesus Christ, newly and
faithfully translated from the fifth edition of the French. By
W. C. Lond., T. Meighan, 1739.
3. Mr. Gother's Spiritual Works: In Sixteen Tomes. There
arc added General Indexes and Tables to each Tome. Faithfully
corrected. Lond. (Meighan) 1]I8, 12mo. Prefixed is a very good account
of Gother's life.
4. The Roman Missal for the Use of the Laity, containing the
Masses appointed to be said throughout the Year. Lond. n.d.
I2mo. 2 vols. From the MS. of the Rev. John Gother, who died in 17 0 4.
The translation of the Missal 1\1r. Crathorne did not deem the production of
1\lr. Gother, and would not allow Mr. Meighan to publish it with his name.
This roused the zeal of the Rev. J ohn Vane, the agent of Lisbon College, who
in a letter to 1\1r. Crathorne, dated July 31, 1718, says :-" After Mr. Goter's
decease the Superior of Lisbon College sent over to me a MS. of his, writ in
his own hand, in order to have it printed for the good of that family and
others. This book I brought to Bp. Giffard, who ordered it to be examined
and read, which was done, and approved of as a most excellent piece. The
book of Epistles and Gospells is in Bp. G.'s own custody, whose hand, as he
told me yesterday, is so well known to him, that it is inimitable, as well as
the author." This letter satisfied 1\1r. Crathorne that the work was Mr.
Gother's,and the Missal was accordingly published. I t has often been reprinted.
5. An Historical Catechism; containing a Summary of the
Sacred History and Christian Doctrine.. In two Parts. By
Mons. Fleury, Abbot of Loc Dieu, late Sub-Preceptor to the King
of Spain, the Duke of Burgundy, and the Duke of Berry. Newly
translated from the French, Le Catéchisme historique, contain-
ing the Short and the Larger Catechism. Lond. 1726, 12mo. 2 vols
(Adv. IjI8.)
6. Lessons for Lent: or Instructions on the two Sacraments of
Penance and the blessed Eucharist.

5
8

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

7. A Catholick's Resolution, shewing his Reasons, for not
being a Protestant; digested into so plain a method of question
and answer, that any Catholick of an ordinary capacity may
defend his Religion by it. Pub. about 17J8 (not later).
8. Pastoral Instructions upon the Creed, Commandments,
Sacraments, Lord's Prayer, &c. Collected from the Holy Scrip-
tures, Councils, Fathers, and approved Writers of God's Church.
With Prayers conformable thereunto. For the Use of such as
want to be instructed in the Principles and Duties of Christian
Religion. (Adv. 1718.)
9. A Practical Catechism on the Sundays, Feasts and Fasts of
the Whole Year. Giving an account of what is necessary and
useful to be known concerning them. With Directions how to
spend them according to the Spirit of the Church. Lond.
:\Ieighan.
The second edition was published by Meighan in 1749, with considerable
additions, &c., pp. 252, preface and contents.
10. The Daily Companion; or, a Little Pocket-Manual: con-
taining those Devotions which are necessary to be performed
every day by all Catholicks who have opportunity and leisure.
Collected from Catholick Authors and adorned with copper cutts.
Lond. (Meighan) ; third edit. Lond., Thos. Meighan, 17.B, title I leaf, preface
v.-ix., pp. 87 ; fourth edit. Lond., Meighan, 1752. This prayer-book became
very popular, and has gone through innumerable editions, with additions and
alterations.
II. Cardinal De Noialle's Mandate on account of the Miracle
wrought in the Parish of St. Margaret on the Feast of the Blessed
Sacrament, the 31st of May, 1725. Lond. 16mo.
12. An Account of a Miracle wrought in the Parish of St.
Margaret on the Feast of the Blessed Sacrament, May 31,1725.
Lond. 16mo.

Crawley, George John Lloyd, O.M.I., first came under
notice in 1849.
Dr. Pusey had recently founded the church of St. Saviour,
Leeds, as a kind of model mission, intended by him to exhibit
the genuine action of the Anglican Church upon the masses
of the working population in large towns. .
1\1r. Minster was at this time vicar of St. Saviour's, and he
was most anxious to obtain 1\1r. Crawley as curate. The vicar of
Leeds, Dr. Hook, however, offered very strenuous opposition to
1\1r. Crawley's being admitted into Leeds, and it was only after
a long delay and much explanation that this opposition was
allowed to subside, and 1\lr. Crawley was licensed by the Bishop
ps curate of S1. Saviour's.
The zeal which distinguished the St. Saviour's clergy at that

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

589

time is well known, and amongst them all Mr. Crawley was
conspicuous. especially during the dreadful epidemic of cholera
which visited Leeds in 1849. The devotion with which they
visited and tended the sick and dying, during the whole of that
terrible time, was admired and applauded even by those-and
they were not few-in Leeds who most strongly disliked the
whole system of things at St. Saviour's.
In truth, the religious practices carried on at the new church,
especially the hearing of confessions, were too close an imita-
tion of Catholic rites to be borne with by the Low-Church party
in silence. :Murmurs and complaints were soon heard, and
were followed up by representations and memorials to the
Bishop. He, however, for a time contented himself with re-
quiring the sermons of the clergy of St. Saviour's to be
submitted to him for examination previous to delivery. But
this mild measure proved inadequate to the emergency, and a
formal indictment having been drawn up by a Low-Church
clergyman of the neighbourhood, and laid before the Bishop,
the latter felt it to be his duty to hold a formal court for the
hearing of evidence in the matter. During the inquiry witnesses
were examined on both sides, and the result was that the Bishop
issued a charge or pastoral, in which he condemned and
proscribed all that the clergy and people of St. Saviour's, as
contrasted with the surrounding Protestants, had most zealously
practised and most devoutly revered.
The spirit in which this episcopal censure was received by
J\1r. Crawley and his friends was that which characterized the
early Tractarians generally, and stands in marked contrast to
the dispositions manifested in similar circumstances by the
Ritualist party who have succeeded them.
Seven of the clergy and thirty of the laity of St. Saviour's at
once addressed themselves to the venerable Father who had led
the way before them, J10W Cardinal Newman, who had the con-
solation, in J\1arch, 185 I, of receiving them into the bosom of
the Catholic Church.
All this, however, was not accomplished without a struggle.
Dr. Pusey hastened from Oxford to Leeds to prevent, if possible,
so vast a secession. To this end he exerted himself to the
utmost at St. Saviour's, at the same time that the illustrio
s
son of St. Philip remained at St. Anne's Catholic Church, giving
instruction and advice to all who wished to approach him.

59 0

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Once he had entered the Church, Fr. Crawley threw himself
heart and soul, as might have been expected, into the spirit of
the Church.
It was his desire to join the :Missionary Congregation of the
Oblates o( Mary Immaculate, but reasons of health prevented
for some time the execution of his design.
After he was ordained priest he was placed on the mission
at St. Mary's, Newcastle, but in 1860 he was enabled to carry
out his original intention, and made his religious profession in
a House of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in France.
He died at St. Mary's, Leeds, Nov. 8, 1874, and was buried
at SicklinghalJ, Wetherby, where the Fathers have a cemetery
for the deceased members of the Institute.
Tablet, Nov. 2 I, 1874.
I. Reasons for Leaving the Church of England. A Letter to a
late Parishioner. Lond. 1852. 8vo.

Cresswell, Joseph, Father S.J., born in London
in 1557, was apparently a younger brother of Fr. Arthur
Cresswell, S.]. They appear to have belonged to the Y ork-
<;hire family of that name, and are frequently mentioned in the
Douåy Diaries.
Their widowed mother married \Villiam Lacy, Esq., of Y ork-
shire, who after her decease became a priest, and was eventually
martyred at York in 1582.
In the year following this act of cruelty, the two Cresswells
were admitted into the Society of Jesus in Rome.
On April 12, 1589, Fr. Joseph was appointed Rector of
the English College there, but his indiscreet and tyrannical
behaviour brought about his removal, Feb. 22, 1592, and he
was then sent to Spain, and left at l\ladrid as Vice-Prefect
of the Eng-lish Jesuits, when Fr. Persons left that country.
Here he obtained great influence with Philip II., which he
maintained with his successor Philip III. Like Fr. Persons,
he corresponded with statesmen and princes, which gave a
handle to his enemies to misrepresent his labours. It does not
appear that he used his influence otherwise than to promote
the cause of the Society and religion.
Sir Charles Cornwallis, the Resident l\lillister of James 1. at
the Court of Madrid, held considerable communication with
Fr. Cresswell, which ended in open rupture after some arrogant

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

591

language asserted by the Resident to have been used by
Fr. Cresswell, whom he describes as a vainglorious man.
His name frequently occurs in the State Papers in the Public
Record Office, in the infamous and mendacious "advertise-
ments" of the Government spies.
He was recalled to Rome, and in I 6 I 4 he was sent to
Belgium, and in 1620 was Prefect of the mission at St. Omer.
In the following year he was appointed Rector of the small
College at Ghent, and here he died, Feb. 19, 1623, aged 65.
Another account places his death on 1\farch 20, 1622.
That Fr. Cresswell was a man of great abilities and dis-
tinguished piety is undeniable, but his friends had occasionally
to regret peevishness of temper and tenacity of opinion.
Foley, Records SJ., vols. vi. and vii.; Oliver, Collcctallea
SJ. / Doltay Diaries, p. xcix. ; Butler, Memoirs, Third Edition,
vol. ii. p. 224.
I. De Vita Beata. A Latin treatise.
2. Exemplar Literarum missarum e Germania ad D. Gul.
Cecilum, Baronum de Burla (sive Burleigh) Consiliarum
Regium. Per Joh. Pernium. S.l. 1592, 12mo.; also translated into
English.
It was written under the pseudonym of John Peme against the cruel
proclamation of Elizabeth, dated Nov. 29, 1591.
3. Responsio ad edictum Elizabethæ reginæ Angliæ contra
Catholicos Romæ, per Aloysium Zanettum. 1595,4to. A translation
of Fr. Persons' work under the name of Andræa Philopater.
4. Historia de la Vida y Martyrio que padicio en Inglaterra,
este ano de 1595, el P. Henrique Valpolo Sacerdote de la Com.
pañia de Jesus que fue embiado die Colegio de los Ingleses de
Valladolid y ha sido el primur martyr de los Seminarios de
Spaña. Con el martyrio de otros quatro Sacerdotes, los dos de
IB Misma Compaiiia, y los otros dos de 1m!. Seminarios. En
::\Iadrid, 1596, 12mo., pp. 48; Saragossa, 1596; also in French, entitled,
"Histoire de la Vie et ferme constance du P
re Henry Valpole Anglois
. Prestre de Ia Compagnie de Jesus, Premier des Seminaires d'Espaigne
martirize pour la confession de Ia foy Catholique, en Ia ViIle d'Y orck au
Royaume d'Angleterre l'an 1595. Hi.;toire pleine de bons enseignements, ct
graves discours, ou est contenue Ia forme de preceder dont ils usent en
Angleterre pour faire mourir les Catholiques. Faite Françoise de l'EspagnoI
du Père Joseph Creswelo Religieux de la Compagnie de Jesus." En Arras,
1597, Izmo., 7 ff. unpag., A. 4 to S. 3. 2 ff. unpag. Dr. Jessopp gives a full
description of this little work in his "One Generation of a Norfolk House,:'
but it is not quite so rare as he seems to think.
5. A translation into Spanish of Fr. 'Villiam Bath's ., Preparation for
Aqministering with Profit the Sacraments of Penance and the Eucharist."
:\Iilan, 16q. 4to.

59 2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

6. Meditations upon the Rosary. St. Omer, 1620, 12rno. De
Backer gives the date 1610, and Oliver 16..J.0.
The Rev. John Fenn had previously published "Instructions how to
:\Ieditate the Misteries of the Rosarie of the Virgin Mary," s.l. aut an.,
being a translation from Jasper Loarte.
7. Quis Dives Salvus? St. Orner, 1618, a translation both into
English and Spanish of Silvian's book,
8. An Answer to the Edict against Catholics promulgated in
1620. St. Orner, 162 I, 4to.
9. Relacion del Estado de Inglaterra en el gobierno de la
Reina Isabella. MS. in the Bib. N at. de Madrid, x. 14.

Cressy, Hugh Paulin Serenus, D.D., born at Wakefield,
about 1605, was the sonof Hugh Cressy, a counsellor of Lincoln's-
Inn, by :l\Iargery, daughter of Dr. Thomas d'OyJÏe, a physician
in London, descended from an old family long resident in
Oxfordshire.
The family derived its origin from the Cressys of Holme,
near Hodsock, in Nottinghamshire
After a preliminary education at the grammar-school in
\Vakefield, he was sent to Oxford, in 16 I 9, at the age of fourteen,.
and about four years later proceeded B.A., and subsequently
l\1.A. In 1627 he was admitted Fcltow of l\lerton College,
and then, having taken Orders, was appointed chaplain to
Thomas, Lord \Ventworth. Afterwards he became chaplain to
Lucius Cary, Lord Falkland, whom he accompanied to Ireland
in 1638, and was appointed Dean of Leighlin. He, however,
returned to England with his patron in the following year, and
when VIscount Falkland became Secretary of State, he obtained
for Mr. Cressy a canonry in the collegiate church at \Vindsor,
which the troubles of the times prevented him from enjoying.
After the death of Falkland, at the battle of Newbury in
1643, Charles Berkeley, afterwards Lord Falmouth, was com-
mitted to lVIr. Cressy's care to travel through Europe, about the
year 1644. This gave him an opportunity to inquire, without
prejudice or misrepresentation, into the doctrines and practices-
of the Catholic religion. The result was that he publicly
renounced Protestantism in 1646. This occurred at Rome,
but wishing to be more fully instructed he returned to Paris
and put himself under Henry Holden, the celebrated Doctor
of the Sorbonne. In the following year he published his-
., Exomologesis," or motives of his
onversion. He now began to
deliberate upon the future course of his life, and was at first

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

593

.

inclined to join the Carthusians at Nieuport. His spiritual
director, however, dissuaded him from this course, principally
on account of the little time and opportunity he would have to
devote to his pen. In this he acquiesced and made choice of
the Benedictine Order, in which he would have more leisure to
promote the Catholic cause by his writings. His reduced
circumstances being made known to Queen Henrietta l\laria,
then resident in France, she provided him with means for his
journey to Douay.
Here, in the Benedictine Monastery, he entered the novitiate
and adopted the name of Serenus on profession in 1649. After
seven years spent with great edification in the duties of the
cloister, he was sent to the English mission, and on the
marriage of Charles II. with the Infanta of Portugal, Fr.
Cressy was appointed one of her chaplains, and resided for
the most part at Somerset House, where, besides constant appli-
cation to his missionary duties, he published several learned
controversial, historical, and devotional works. Towards the
latter end of his days, he retired to East Grinstead, in Sussex,
the seat of Richard Caryll, Esq., where he died Aug. 10,
1674, aged 68.
Fr. Cressy was a man of remarkable prudence and learning,
and was ever respected by the moderate writers of the Church
of England.
When he sent a copy of his" Exomologesis" to Dr. Ham-
mond, the learned Doctor modestly declined being the antagonist
of one whom he valued so highly, whom no human consideration
could have changed, and he assured him at the same time that
if he would come over to England he would endeavour to give
him tokens of further friendship, even to obtain him permission
to practise his religion, should his influence be sufficient to
procure him such a favour.
Dr. Stillingfleet, and other opponents, charged him with
credulity and want of judgment in historical facts, but as the
honest Oxford historian observes: "Let this be said of him;
that, for as he doth mostly quote his authors, and leaves what
he says to the judgment of his readers, he is to be excused;
and in the meantime to be commended, for his grave and good
stile, proper for an ecclesiastical historian."
Dodd, Ch. Hist,; lVood, Athcll. OXOll.

VOL. I.

QQ

594

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

I. Exomologesis; or, A Faithful Narrative of the Occasion
and Motives of the Conversion unto Catholique Unity of Hugh
Paulin de Cressy, :lately Deane of Laghlin, &c., in Ireland, and
Prebend of Winds ore in England. Paris, 1647, 12mo., pp. xxiv.-655, ded.
to the Fathers D.D., Religious of the Holy Order of the Carthusians of the Eng-
lish Convent at Nieuport in Flanders, dated Paris, Oct. 5,1647 ; Paris, 1653,
I2mo., "now a second time printed, with additions and explanations, by the
same author who now calls himself B. Serenus Cressy, O.S.B., in the con-
vent of St. Gregory in Douay," ded. to the Hon. Walter Montague, Esq.,
5 pp., ded. as in first edit. II pp., preface 3 ff., pp. 568, table 6 ff.
The latter edition contains an answer to J. P., author of the Preface to
Lord Falkland's work on Infidelity. The first edition contains a profession
of allegiance, which Cressy asserted the general body of English Catholics
to be willing to sign, and from which the Irish remonstrance was principally
copied. In the second edition this was omitted.
This work was very highly valued by Catholics, who considered it a
complete answer to the advocates of Protestantism, and more particularly to
the arguments of Chillingworth.
2. Appendix to the Exomologesis: being an Answer to J. P.'s
Preface to Lord Falkland's Discourse of Infallibility. Paris, 1647,
8vo.; also printed in the 2nd edit. of the" Exomologesis," 1653. In reply to
" A Discourse of the Infallibility of the CQurch of Rome," by Lucius Cary,
Lord Falkland, Oxford, 1645, 4to. Lord Falkland was suspected of
Socinianism, which it was thought he had caught from Chillingworth, though
on this point Fr. Cressy seems disposed to excuse him in his "Apologet.,"
sect. 7.
Lord Falkland also wrote an answer to some exceptions which had been
taken against his work. Henry Hammond, D.D., likewise wrote a reply,
" An Appendix or Answer to what was returned by the Apologist," Lond.
16 5 0 . 4to.
3. Arbor Virtutem; or, An exact Model, in the which are
represented all manner of Virtues, &c. Collected out of Sa!-
manticensis, by Br. Serenus Cressy, for the use of Dame Mary
Cary, at Cambray, Oct. 7, 1649. l\lS., 8vo., pp. 190, preserved at
U gbrooke, Devonshire.
4. 'rhe Scale (or Ladder) of Perfection, written by Walter
Hilton, a Carthusian, famous in the reign of Henry VI.
Lond. printed by T. R., 1659, sm. 8vo., pp. xvi.-312. It includes" Another
Treatise of the same Author written to a Devout Man of Secular Estate,
Teaching him how to Lead a Spiritual Life therein," and it was prepared for
the press by Fr. D. A. Baker, O.S.B., and edited after his death by Cressy.
It is preceded by a biographical sketch of Hilton taken from Pitts'
" De Illus. Angliæ Scriptoribus."
5. Sancta Sophia: or, Directions for the Prayer of Contempla-
tion, &c., extracted out of more than XL. Treatises writ by
the late Ven. Fr. Augustin Baker, O.S.B. And methodically
digested by the R. Fr. Serenus Cressy, O.S.B., and printed at the
charges of his Convent of S. Gregories in Doway. Doway, 1657,
8vo., 2 vols. Vol. i., PP.461, ded. to Fr. Lau. Reyner, Pres. Gen. O.S.B.,

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

595

dated St. Gregories, July 21, 1657; "01. ii., PP.333, ded. to D. Catherine
Gascoigne, the Lady Abbesse of the Dames O.S.B. in Cambray, dated
July 23, 1657. Included are" Certaine Pattemes of Devout Exercises of
immediate Acts and Affections of the \Vill," pp. c1xviii., called The Exercises,
being Fr. Baker's translation of Dame Gertrude More's work--a work, says
Charles Butler, highly deserving the attention of all who either study the
philosophy or seek to acquire the practice of mystic devotion.
6. Certain Patterns of Devout Exercises of immediate Acts
and Affections of the Will. Douay, 1657. 8vo.
7. Roman Catholick Doctrines no Novelties: or, An Answer
to Doctor Pierce's Court-Sermon, miscali'd the Primitive Rule of
Reformation. By S. C. 1663, sm. 8vo., ded. to the Queen-Mother
(Henrietta Maria), title, &c. 7 ff., pp. 322, index 3 ff.
Dr. Thomas Pierce's work was published at Oxford, 1663, 4to., and he
rejoined with A Specimen of Mr. Cressy's Misadventures against his Ser-
mon, intituled "The Primitive Rule," &c., which was printed with Dr. Sher-
man's Answer to Fr. Johnson, Lond. 1664, 4to. "A Parenesis touching
the Sermon, intitul'd, The Primitive Rule, &c., by Dr. Pierce," was pub-
lished with a Collection of Sermons, Lond. 1671, 4to. Daniel \Vhitby
wrote, "Roman Doctrines not from the beginning, &c., being a Reply to
S. Cressy's Answer to Doctor Pierce's Sermon," Lond. 1664, 4to.
8. A Non Est Inventus, Return'd to Mr. Edward Bagshaw's
Enquiry, and vainly boasted Discovery of the Weakness in the
Grounds of the Church's Infallibility. Also his seditious In.
vectives against the moderate sincerity of Protestants, and
savage cruelty against Roman Catholicks repressed. By a
Catholick Gentleman. 1662, lzmo., title 1 f., PP.II5. In reply to
"Brief Enquiry and Reasons whereupon the Infallibility of the Pope and
Church of Rome is said to be founded," Lond. 1662. 4to.
9. A Letter written to an English Gentleman, July 16th, 1662,
concerning Bishop Morley. (Lond.) 1662, reprinted with some of
Bishop Morley's treatises in 1683.
This elicited from Dr. George :Morley "An Answer to Fr. Cressy's
Letter," Lond. 1662.
10. The Church History of Brittany, or England, from the
Beginning of Christianity to the Norman Conquest. (Rouen),
1668, fo1.
This volume only brought the history down to about 1350. It was com-
piled from his own collections of original MSS., the "Annales Ecclesia
Britannica" of :\Iichael Alford (alias Griffith), Dugdale's" Monasticon," the
"lJecem Scriptores Hist. Anglicanæ," and the works of Fr. David Baker.
In this work Cressy gives an account of the foundation of the Monasteries
dming the Saxon Heptarchy, and takes it for granted that they were
founded under the Benedictine rule, differing in this respect from many other
historians.
Lord Clarendon blamed the author for introducing accounts of so many
miracles and monastic stories into his history; but, on the other hand, Wood,
in his "Athenæ Oxoniensis," praises the style and qualities necessary for an
ecclesiastical historian which the author displays, and he takes exception to
Q Q 2

59 6

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Clarendon's criticism on account of the care with which Cressy quotes his
authorities, and the fact that what is related is left to the judgment of his
readers.
II. Second Part of the Church History of Brittany, from the
Conquest downwards. MS. This appears to have been lost for many
years, but was discovered at Douay in 1856.
It was never published, on account of some controversies it contained
between the See of Rome and some of the English kings, which it was thought
at that time might needlessly give offence.
12. Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love, shewed to a devout
Servant of our Lord, call'd Mother Juliana, an anchorete of
Norwich; who liv'd in the days of King Edward III.; reviv'd
from an ancient copy. 1670. 8vo. Dcd. to Mary, Lady Blount, of
Sodington, widow of Sir George Blount.
13. Fanaticism fanatically imputed to the Catholick Church
by Dr. Stillingfleet, and the Imputation refuted and retorted.
1672. 8vo. Ded. to Sir Marc-Albert D'Ognate, Knt., Counsellour to His
Catholick Majesty the King of Spain; title I f., ded. 5 ff., preface 5 ff., pp. 188.
This was also published in "A Collection of several Treatises in Answer to
Dr. Stillingfleet, viz., I. Fanaticism fanatically imputed by him to the-
Catholick Church. 2. The Roman Church's Devotions Vindicated. 3. Of
.Indulgences. 4. His Protestant Principles Considered." 1672. 8vo.
14. First Question: Why are you a Catholick 1> The Answer
follows. Second Question: But why are you a Protestant 1> An
Answer attempted in vain. By S. C. Lond. 1672, 4to.; again 1686.
15. An Answer to part of Dr. Stillingfleet's Book, intitul'd,.
Idolatry practis'd in the Church of Rome. 1674. 8\'0.
The Earl of Clarendon now came to the rescue of Stillingfleet with
"Animadversions on a Book called Fanatism," &c., Lond. 1674, 4to., which
was twice printed in that year.
16. An Epistle Apologetical of S. C. to a Person of Honour,
touching his Vindication of Dr. Stillingfleet. 1674. 8vo.
Clarendon had been an intimate friend of Fr. Cressy at Oxford. He was
not fair in his enmity to Catholicity, for in his History of the Rebellion
he not only misrepresents the policy of the English Catholics, but loads them
with false accusation, and passes over in silence their uncontested merits.
He lamented Cressy's conversion, and in a letter to Earle (" State Papers,"
Oxford, 1773, vol. ii. 322, and \Vood's "Athen. Oxon.," by Bliss, iii. 1016), he
says, " If we cannot keep him a minister of our Church, I wish he would con-
tinue a layman in theirs, which would somewhat lessen the defection, and, it
may be, preserve a greater portion of his innocence."
17. A Letter and Remarks upon the Oaths of Supremacy and
Allegiance. Probably published in London.
18. An Abridgment of the Book called" The Cloud of Un-
knowing," written by Maurice Chauncey, a Carthusian Monk.
MS.
19. An Oration in Praise of Henry Briggs.
Briggs published" Arithmetica Logarithmica," Lond. 1624, fol.

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

597

Croft, Sir Herbert, Knt., son of Edward Croft, Esq., of
the ancient family seated at Croft Castle, in Herefordshire, was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and sat in Parliament in
the latter part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. \Vhen James
ascended the throne, he waited upon his l'vIajesty at St. Theo-
balds, who, being informed of his family and personal merits,
honoured him with knighthood.
After fifty-two years' profession of Protestantism, he was
reconciled to the Catholic Church, and retiring to Douay, took
up his residence in the Benedictine l'vIonastery of S1. Gregory.
Here he became a Confrater O.S.B., and a recluse in 16 I;', dying
five years later, April 10, 1622, a noble example of piety and
resolution. He left three children, William, Herbert, and Mary.
The first was knighted, and was a colonel during the Civil Wars.
Herbert, although brought up a Catholic, forsook his religion,
took Orders in the Church of England, and was rewarded with
the bishopric of Hereford for the activity he displayed against
Catholics.
Sir Herbert possessed all the qualities of a Christian, with
the accomplishments of a gentleman and a man of letters, com-
bined with true patriotism.
Dodd, Cft. Hist.
I. Letters persuasive to his Wife and Children in England, to
take upon them the Catholick Religion. Douay, 1619. 121110.
2. Arguments to shew that the Church in Communion with
the See of Rome is the true Church; written against Dr. Field
his four Books of the Church. Douay, 1619.
3. Reply to the Answer of his Daughter, M. C. (Mary Croft),
which she made to a Paper of his, sent to her concerning the
Roman Church. Douay, 1619. 12mo.
The foregoing works were apparently printed in one vol., pp. 255, and
are of extreme rarity, for ,V ood (" Athen. Oxon.") states that only eight
copies were printed.
Croft, Thomas, priest, was attainted, Dec. 3, 1539, for
denying the ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII., and
suffered immediately afterwards at Tyburn with Nicholas Collins,
a priest, and Holland, a mariner.
Stow asserts that they were implicated in the l'vIarquis of ,
Exeter's conspiracy, but this is' not admitted by contem-
poraneous writers of undoubted authority, and Croft's name
appears in the martyrologies.
Dodd, Clt. Hist.; Sto'zv, Chronicles.

59 8

BIBLIOGRAPI-IICAL DICTIONARY

Croke, Richard, D.D., born in or about 1489, is said to
have been a native of London. He was of an ancient and
honourable family, and was probably the son of Richard Croke,
alias Le Blount, Esq., by Alice his wife, and consequently the
younger brother of John Croke, Master in Chancery, who died
in 1554.
He was educated first at Eton, and then at King's College,
Cambridge, where he was admitted in 1506. Soon afterwards
he migrated to Oxford, and next went abroad, and was the first
public professor of the Greek language at Cologne, Louvain,
Leipsic, and Dresden. In I 5 17 he proceeded M.A. at Cam-
bridge, and about that time became preceptor to the king in
the Greek language. He commenced reading public Greek
lectures at Cambridge in 15 18, and such was his renown for
learning and eloquence that, when the office of Public Orator of
the University was instituted in 1522, he was the first person
elected to that honourable and dignified position. Shortly
afterw3rdshe was elected a Fellow of S1. John's College, having
also a stipend from Bishop Fisher for reading a Greek lecture
in that house.
After being sent to Italy to forward the king's divorce, an
undertaking which has not reflected to his credit, though he
seems to have been successful in his object with the assistance
of money provided by his employer, he was presented to the
rectory of Long Buckby, Northamptonshire, and constituted a
Canon of King's College (now Christ College), Oxford. Sub-
sequently he resided in Exeter College, in that University.
It appears that he began to decline in the king's favour
about this time, and probably felt indisposed to go the whole
lengths of his reign. He certainly withdrew in the reign of
Edward VI., and published some sharp reflections on Mr.
Leland's inconstancy, ascribing his delirious state to that cause.
He lived in retirement in Queen l'vIary's reign, though he was
present when Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer were called upon
to dispute on the Sacrament at Oxford in April, 1554; and
when Cranmer was tried at Oxford, in September of the follow.
ing year, Dr. Croke was the first witness examined against the
Archbishop.
He died at London, in Aug. 1558, so famed for his profound
knowledge of Greek as to be generally termed" The Grecian."
Cooper, Athell. Call/ab, j Dodd, Ch. His!.

OF .THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

599

I. De Verborum Constructione. Leipsic, 1516, 4to. Translated
from Theodore Gaza.
2. Encomium Academiæ Lipsiensis. In Boehmius's "Opusc.
Acad. de Lit. Lips."
3. Orationes duæ, altera a cura, qua Utilitatem Laudemque
Græcæ Linguæ tractat altera a tempore qua hortatus est Canta-
brigienses, ne desertores essent ejusdem. Paris, 1520, 4to. j ded. to
Nicholas \Vest, Bishop of Ely.
4. Introductiones in Rudimenta Græca. Cologne, 1520. Ded. to
Archbishop \Varham.
5. Elementa Grammaticæ Græca.
6. Chrysostom in vetus testamentum. Translated from the Greek.
7. Translation from Elysius Calentius.
8. In Ausonium annotationes.
9. Yerses reproaching John Leland for changing his religion.
10. Letters relating to the Divorce, written from Italy to Henry VIII.
l\lSS. Brit. Museum, Cotton. MSS. Vitel. B. xiii.
Crokett, Ralph, priest and martyr, born at Barton-upon.
the-Hill, in Cheshire, was educated at the English College,
Rheims, where he was ordained priest, and sent upon the
English mission, in I 585.
He was speedily apprehended, arraigned and condemned
under the Act of 27 Eliz., merely on account of his priestly
character and the exercise of his functions.
He was hanged, bowelled, and quartered, at Chichester,
Oct. I, 1588.
Challoncr, .lVfemoirs.
Croshaw, Cornelius, bookseller and printer, in Stonegate,
York, published several Catholic prayer-books and other works,
and died July 23, 185 I, aged 69, his wife, Sarah, following him
on the loth of the next month, aged 67.
Cath. Directory.
Croskell, William, priest, was the son of Robert CroskeII,
of Bulk, near Lancaster, by Winifred, daughter of William
Ball, of Dolphin Lee, near Lancaster, who was the eldest son
of Robert Ball, of Dolphin Lee, and his wife, Winifred Taylor,
of the family resident at Aldcliffe.
Both of these ancient yeomanry families had lived on the
estate of the Daltons for many generations; their names
repeatedly occur in the Recusant Rolls, and they have given
many priests to the Church.
At eleven years of age, William Croskell went to Sedgley

600

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

Park Scbool, near Wolverhampton, where he arrived May 15,
1779. Subsequently, Dr. Challoner sent him to St. Omer's
College as a student for the Church, and l'vIr. Mumford
generously paid the college stipend. From thence he proceeded
to Douay College, and was imprisoned with its inmates at
Dourlens during the French Revolution.
After their liberation, Feb. 25, 1795, Mr. Croskell came over
to England, and being then in deacon's orders, he was ordained
priest at York, at the same time witb Dr. Lingard, the
historian, April 18, in that year.
His first mission was at Linton, and in 1810 he was
appointed chaplain to the nuns at the Bar, York. Subsequently
he returned to Linton, and afterwards served the mission in
Durham, where he died, Feb. 19, 1838, aged 70.
He was Grand.Vicar of the Northern district, and was
universally r.espected.
Husenbeth, Hist. of Sedgley Park,. l1fawkood, Diary, l1IS.,.
Dr. Gillow, Seizure and Destruction, of Douay College, lVfS.
I. Gother's Prayers for Sundays and Festivals, adapted to the
Use of Private Families or Congregations. To which is added
an Appendix, containing Prayers before and after Mass, and
some Evening Devotions. York, 1810, Izmo., with a preface by the
editor.
2. He wrote an interesting account of the imprisonment of the collegians
of Douay in the Catholic MagazÜzc of 1831.
Cross, John, alias More, O.S.F., D.D., in religion John
of the Holy Cross, a native of Norfolk, was probably professed
at the Franciscan Convent in Douay, and in 1672 was created
D.D. Subsequently, in Aug. 1692, the Congregation resolved
that this degree should cease in the English Franciscan
Province.
In 1674 he was elected Provincial for three years, and was
re-elected April 25, 1686, filling the office during an eventful
period, until Sept. 28, 1689, with the highest credit and
satisfaction.
During his visitation of the province in 1687, several new
residences were presented to him by charitable founders and
benefactors. These were the chapels at York, Hexham, The
Hill, in Goosnargh, co. Lancaster, Holywell, Leominster,
Abergavenny, Birmingham, Warwick, and l'vIonmouth. In the
course of the same year he obtained a ten years' lease of

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

601

premises near the arches in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, previously
occupied by the Countess of Bath, and there established a
community of ten members. All offered a cheering prospect to
religion until William, Prince of Orange, landed at Brixharn,
Nov. 4, 1688. As soon as the intelligence reached London,
even the presence of the king did not prevent the populace
from attempting to demolish the Catholic chapels. They made
a desperate and continued attack on the residence of the
Franciscans in LincoIn's-Inn-Fields, for a day and a night, and
were only prevented from carrying their design into execution
by a guard of cavalry and infantry sent by the king. This
discomfiture only served to sharpen the mob's appetite for
vengeance, and, learning that on the 17th of November the king
was to remove the infant Prince of Wales to Portsmouth, and,
if necessary, to convey him to France, as also that his Majesty
would proceed on the same day to join the army at Salisbury,
the rioters deferred to that day the work of destruction. But
J ames II. consulted the safety of the friars by sending Fr. Cross
an order, through Bishop Leyburn, to retire from the residence
with the rest of the community. After first removing their
goods, the Franciscans withdrew on the 16th of November, by
which they suffered a loss of upwards of :L 3,000.
Fr. Cross did not long survive the Revolution; he followed
the king to St. Germain, but died at Douayon Oct. 13, of the
following year, 1689. aged 60, in religion 42.
He was a learned man, and much esteemed, and the king
had appointed him one of his chaplains.
Oliver, Collections,. Dodd, Ch. Hisl.
I. Philothea's Pilgrimage to Perfection, described in a Prac-
tice of Ten Days' Solitude. Bruges, 1668.8vo. Introduction, &c. 14 pp.,
PP.256. It was voted for publication by the Chapter in London, Nov. 15,
1666.
2. A Sermon preached before the King and Queen, at
St. James's Palace, on the Feast of the Holy Patriarch st. Bene-
diet, 1686. Lond. 1686. 4to.
3. De Juramento Fidelitatis. A treatise.
4. De Dialectica.
5. Contemplations on the Life and Glory of Holy Mary, the
Mother of Jesus, with a Daily Office agreeing to each Mystery
thereof. By J. C., D.D. Paris, 1685. 12mo.; title I f., ded. to the Queen
Dowager, dated July 12, 1685, Advice to the Reader, &c., pp. 103, contents
p. 103, and 3 pages unpaginated; Lond. 1687, 16mo.
6. An Apology for the Contemplations on the Life and Glory

602

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOX
Y

of Holy Mary, Mother of Jesus. Shewing the Innocency and
Antiquity of the Honor and Veneration given to the Blessed
Virgin Mother by the Catholick Church. By J. C. Lond. 1687.
12mo., pp. 143; ded. to Queen Mary, Consort of James II.
7. Some Divine Poems, attributed to him by Dodd.
8. A work on Logic, of which three copies were to be given to every
Father, by the resolution of the Intermediate Congregation, Oct. 12, 1672.
9. The Life of Fr.John (Joachim) \Vall, who suffered death at \Vorcester,
Aug. 22, 1679, aged 59, in religion 28, was voted by the Chapter, Oct. 14,
168.-1-, should be written and published, and Fr. Cross was requested to under-
take the task. It does not appear that he ever finished the work.

Cross, Nicholas, O.S.F., a native of Derbyshire, was born
about 16 I 5. He was probably ordained priest at the Franciscan
Convent in Douay, in 1640, and during his missionary career
was three several times thrown into prison. For a time he was
chaplain to Anne, Duchess of York, who died IVlarch 3 I, 167 I,
and afterwards chaplain-in-ordinary to the Queen in the reign
of James II.
In his declining years he retired to his Convent in Douay,
where he ended his days, :l\1arch 2 I, 1698, aged 83, and was
buried before the high altar of the old Conventual Church.
He was held in such repute amongst his brethren that he
was four times selected for the office of Provincial, 1662, 167 I,
1680, and 1689, but from ill.health he could not complete his
last triennium, and sent in his resignation on :May 12, 169 I.
Oli'l/er, Collections.
I. The Cynosura; or, a Saving Star which leads to Eternity,
discovered amidst the celestial orbs of David's Psalms, by way of
Paraphrase on the 50th Psalm, Miserere mei, Deus, secundum,
&c. Lond. 1670, thin folio. Ded. to Anne, Countess of Shrewsbury. This
was erroneously assigned by Dodd, "Ch. Hist.," to Fr. John Cross, O.S.F.
2. A Sermon (on Psalm lxxxiii. 6) on the Joys of Heaven,
preached before Her Majesty the Queen, at Windsor, April 21,
1686. Lond. 1686. 4to.
3. "A \V ord to all People, as a Nail in a Sure Place, to fasten their
Hearts one to another," Lond. 1661, 4to., was not by the Franciscan, but by
his namesake, Nicholas Cross, a Puritan or Nonconformist minister at
Orpington, in Kent.

Crow, Alexander, priest and martyr, was a native of
Yorkshire, and for some time followed a trade in York. Filled
with zeal for the faith, he gave up his business, and proceeded
to the English College at Rheims, resumed his studies, and in
due course, in I 583, was ordained priest.

OF THE EKGLISH CATHOLICS.

603

In the following year he was sent to the English mission,
and after lahouring for some time, with much edification to all
who knew him, he was apprehended at South Duffield, where
he had gone to christen a child of Cecily Garnet. He was
committed to York Castle, where he was kept in double fetters
amongst the felons until the November assizes, held at York,
when he was arraigned and condemned for being ordained
priest beyond the seas, at Rheims, and remaining in England,
contrary to the statute of 27 Elizabeth.
During his imprisonment at York he was treated with great
cruelty, and, according to the custom of the times, every endea-
vour was made to render him odious in the sight of the people
by lies and slanders, with railing and mockery. He was
hanged, ùrawn, and quartered at York, late at night on
St. Andrew's-day, Nov. 30, 1586, being about the age of 35.
It is related that he was very sick before his arraignment until
his martyrdom, and after he had mounted the ladder fell dO\vn
in a swoon, upon which the onlookers cried out that he had
intended to kill himsel[ They lifted him up, hanged him just
a little, and then in a most cruel manner ripped him alive.
Challonel', 11lemoirs; .J/orris, Troubles, Third Series.

Crowe, Thomas, priest, was educated and ordained at
Ushaw College, and from Feb. 1824, to July, 1848, was
stationed at the mission of Thurnham, co. Lancaster, also acting
as chaplain to the Daltons at Thurnham Hall. He then took
charge of the mission at Formby, where he died at an advanced
age, Aug. 2 I, 1862.
His mother, Mrs. :l\1ary Crowe, who resided at \Voodside,
Thurnham, died Nov. 16, 1845, aged 91, in the 47th year of
her widowhood, and his elder brother \Villiam died there also,
July 27, 182 5.
Calk Directorics,. Gillow, Lanc. ReCl/Sallts, 1/./ s.
I. Brief History of the Mission of Thurnham, near Lancaster,
Preston, 1861, 8vo. Privately printed the year in which Miss Dalton,
the last of her family, died.

Crowther, Arthur Anselm, a.S.B., alias Broughton,
born in Montgomeryshire in 1588, was amongst the earliest
novices at St. Gregory's l\lonastery at Douay, where he was
professed July 3, 1611. Here he became Sub-Prior and

604

BIBLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY

Professor of Philosophy, and was Definitor in 162 I. He was
sent to the mission in the South Province, and the titular
honours of Cathedral Prior of Rochester and of Canterbury
were conferred upon him in 1633 and 1657,
He was appointed Provincial of Canterbury in 1653, and
held that office until his death, a prisoner for the faith, in the
Old Bailey, London, May 5, 1666, aged 77.
His missionary labours seem to have been principally in or
about London, and here, in his remarkable devotion to the
Blessed Virgin, he set up a noble confraternity of the Rosary
in her honour, which was influentially supported, having
Robert, Earl of Cardigan, as prefect of the sodality.
His elder brother, Dom John Mark Crowther, alias
Broughton, O.S.B., was likewise professed at St. Gregory's, in
1609, and after being at Dieulward for some time, was sent on
the mission to the South Province. He also suffered imprison.
ment in London, and after his release laboured in Gloucester.
shire, and in his old age retired to Lambspring, where he died
:March 14, 1658.
Father Anselm was a learned spiritualist, and, in conjunction
with Dom Thomas Vincent Faustus Sadler, O.S.B., was the
author of several ascetical works, which in their day were highly
popular.
Olh'er, Collections,. Snow, Belled. lVecrology.
I. Jesus, Maria, Joseph, or the Devout Pilgrim, of the Ever
Blessed Virgin Mary, in his Holy Exercises, Affections, and
Elevations. Upon the sacred Mysteries of Jesus, Maria, Joseph.
Published for the benefit of the Pious Rosarists, by A. C. and
T. V., Religious Monks of the holy Order of S. Bennet. Amsterdam,
1657, Izmo., title 1 leaf, ded. to the Ever Blessed Virgin, Izleaves, preface or
second ded. 7 leaves, Marian Kalendar 16 leaves, pp. 648, contents 10 leaves,
with engr. frontispiece.
Gee, in his" Foot out of the Snare," 1624, alludes to a book with this title,
and attributes it to Simon, a Carmelite, then in London, and he states that
the work had lately issued from a press in London, and that the same author
also wrote two other books, called" The \Vay to find Ease, Rest, and Repose
unto the Soul."
Another contracted edition, by A. C. and T. V., appeared-Amsterdam,
1663, 16mo., ded. 4 leaves, Advice, &c., II leaves, pp. 301, contents 3 leaves.
] tis ded. to Queen Catherine, and has an elaborate frontispiece containing
a portrait of the Queen, also an engr. title-page. This Prayer-book was a
favourite with the Oueen.
2. The First Treatise of the Spiritual Conquest: or, a Plain
Discovery of the Ambuscades and evil Stratagems of our Enemies

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

6 0 5

in this our daily Warfare. Enabling the Christian Warrier to
pre see and avoid them. At Paris, 1651, 12mo., with curious cuts, in five
treatises, each having a separate title-page; the second is entitled" The
Second Part of the Spiritual Conquest; or, The Use and Practice of those
necessary Weapons which are prescribed in the Treatise of the Spiritual
Conflict, here methodically managed, and drawn into seven Exercises,
Affective Acts, or Aspirations, according to the Dayes of the \Veek," Paris,
16 5 1 ; the fifth, "Maxims of Mystical Divinity." A second edition appeared
at Paris, 1652, 1 2mo.; another bears the title, "The Spiritual Conquest in
Five Treatises, enabling all Christian \Varriors to Conquer themselves and
corne to a vicinity ,
ith God. By Thomas Vincent and Anselm Crowder,"
Doway, 1685, 12mo., with five separate title-pages. It was edited by Canon
Vaughan, O.S.B., Lond. 1874. 12mo.
3. The Dayley Exercise of the Devout Rosarists, containing
several most pithy Practices, &c. Amsterdam, 1657, 12mo. pp. 671,
ded. to the Right \V orshipfull Sir Henry Tichbourne, Knight, Baronet, &c.,
by A. C. and T. V.; later editions bearing this title erroneously attribute it
to T. V. only, though reference is made in the work to "Our Spiritual Con-
quest;" 6th edit. Dubiin, 1743, 8vo.; 8th edit., Cork, Eugene Swiney, 1770.
12mo., copper plates. The second edition bears a variation in the title, and is
often taken for another work-" The Dayley Exercise of the Devout Christian.
Containing several most pithy Practices of Devotion; in order to Live
Holely and Dye Happily. Published by A. C. and T. V., O.S.B. A New
Edition with many material Additions," 1662, 12mo. engr. title-page (same as
166 3 edit. of" Jesus, Maria, Joseph") 1 leaf, title 1 leaf, ded. to the Hon. Henry
Tichbourn, Bart., 3 leaves, Calendar, &c., 36 leaves, pp. 5 28 , table 5 leaves;
3 rd edit., by T. V., digested into better order, 1673; 6th edit. by T. V., O.S.B.,
Dublin. 1743, 12mo.; frequently reprinted. In the dedication reference is
made to the Tichborne dole given to all corners on March 25, of which a
fine picture has been engraved.

Crowther, Thomas, priest, confessor of the faith, a native
of Herefordshire, was educated at the English College, Douay,
where he distinguished himself by his application and aptitude
for study. He took degrees in the University of Douay, and
proceeded B.D.
After his ordii1ation, in 1575, he was sent to the English
mission, where he gave great edification by the zeal he displayed
in his sacred calling. He was seized in 1583, and was thrown
into the Marshalsea prison, where he remained until his death,
in the year 1585, just three days before he was to have been
banished.
Dodd, Ch. His!.,. DOl/ay Diaries,. Foley, Records S J., vol. iii.
Cuddon, Ambrose, bookseller, printer, and jounlalist, pub-
lished the Catholic lJfiscellmi)' at the commencement of 1822.

606

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

From a notice to correspondents on the cover of l\larch, 1824,
it would seem that he had formerly been connected with the
firm of Keating & Brown, which he calls "our venerable
mother establish men t."
In 1823 he established, at 2 Carthusian Street, Charter.
house Square, a Catholic circulating library of some 15,000
volumes, with a view U to facilitate the removal of prejudice and
the increase of true religion and useful knowledge," to which he
added a reading-room for the use of subscribers in the
following year.
Mr. Cuddon's undertakings were not financially successful,
and in the middle of 1826 the Catholic .1JíisccllallY passed into
other hands, and shortly afterwards his advertisements as a
bookseller and printer finally ceased.
.At this period it was very generally considered that Catholic
lending libraries were much wanted, and great efforts were
made to establish them in connection with the missions
throughout the country, in some cases with marked success.
In Lancashire, lending libraries had already been established
for some years.
Cuddon's individual enterprise aroused the energies of the
most active Catholic gentlemen of the metropolis, who met
together, at the close of I 823, and agreed to establish a
Catholic literary institution under the title of the London
Catholic Library.
The first annual general meeting of .the members was on
Jan. 24, 1825, and from their published report it appears that
the Library was at 19 Prince's Square, St. George's East,
under the patronage of the Bishop and his coadjutor, supported
by a number of influential names.
The object of the committee was much the same as that
advertised by Cuddon, and they flattered themselves in the
reflection that they were laying before the public the first
account of the transactions of a Catholic literary institution in
London since the days of Queen Elizabeth.
They had received donations of 1,200 volumes, and in
addition had given away 500 duplicate volumes and pamphlets.
Their report and catalogue, with the rules and aims .of the
institution, consisting of 52 pp. 8vo., is an interesting page in
the literary history of the English Catholics.
Catholic Jliscellmzics,. R{'port, La'il's, and Catalogue of the

OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.

607

Lond. Catlt. Lib.,.I 82 5 ; Gillow, Early Catlt. Periodicals, Tablet,
Jan. 29 to l\larch 19, 188 I.
I. The Catholic Miscellany, and Monthly Repository of In.
formation. Lond., printed and pub. by Ambrose Cuddon, single columns,
price IS. It was commenced Jan. I, 1822, by \V. E. Andrews and Cuddon,
under the nominal editorship of the latter, though, as 1\1r. Andrews himself
says, the sole editorship devolved upon him after the second number, and it
so continued until June, 1823. Cuddon's first premises were 62 Crown
Street, Finsbury Square, but he removed to 2 Carthusian Street, Charter-
house Square, in Nov. 1822. After he had taken over the sole management
of the magazine he established himself at 62 Paternoster Row, and here he
continued to publish until the close of the fifth vol., June, 1826. The sixth vol.,
July to Dec. 1826, was published by Sherwood & Co., 20 Paternoster Row.
All these vols. were well printed and embellished with plates. The illustra-
tions were then discontinued, and the price raised to IS. 6d., until April, 1828,
vol. ix. Consequent on the failure of the publishers the magazine was
advertised to be sold, and after two more numbers, completing vol. ix., a Kew
Series was commenced under the sole management of the Rev. T. ::\1-
M'Donnell, of St. Peter's Place, Birmingham, commencing July, pub. by
J. Robins & Co., London, vol. i., July to Dec. 1828, illustrated with capital
plates; vol. ii., Jan. to Dec. 1829; the third and last vol., Jan. to :\Iay, 1830,
concluding with an address from the editor, announcing that he has
relinquished his task, "having other, and, he is free to add, more profitable
occupation, demanding his time." The price had been reduced to IS. after
:March, 1829, when the illustrations were omitted.
2. A New Year's Gift; or, Cuddon's Universal Pocket-Book.
Published from 1824 to 1827.
3. A Complete Modern British Martyrology; commencing
with the Reformation. In two volumes. Including the years
from 1557 to 1684. To which are added the Penal Laws passed
in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and other important Documents.
Embellished with Engravings drawn on the Wood by W. H.
Craig, Esq. Lond., Ambrose Cuddon, 1825
3 pts., 8vo.
This appears to have been compiled by Cuddon from Challoner's
Memoirs, with the additions named, and an appendix containing a transla-
tion of Rishton's Diary in the Tower of London, originally published in
Sanders' "De Origine ac progressu Schismatis Anglicani." I t was brought
out in parts, commencing June 12, 1824. The blocks were subsequently
purchased by Keating, Brown & Co., who issued a new edition, Lond. 1836,
cr. 8vo., in 3 pts.: I. Comprising Memoirs of the Clergy and others who
suffered during the reign of Henry VIII., pp. 112; IT. and III. as in
Challoner, to which are added the Penal Laws passed in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, and other important documents; 3rd edit. 1838. Jones afterwards
used some of the same blocks, and a portion of the matter, in his editions
of Challoner in 1842 and 1844- Cud don was probably indebted for much
of the additions to Dr. Oliver.
Cuffaud, Major, a member of the ancient family of
Cuffaud of Cuffaud, co. Hants, of whom several \-vere Jesuits,

608

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

and are constantly referred to in the records of the province,
was killed b y the Parliamentarians in cold blood at BasinCT
, b
House, during the Civil \Vars.
CastlemaÍ1l, Cath. Apology.
Culcheth, John, a lieutenant in the King's army, \\'as
killed in a skirmish at Wirrall, Cheshire, in 1647, aged 27.
He was the eldest son of John Culcheth, of Culcheth Hall,
co. Lancaster, Esq., by Jane, daughter of John Hawarden, of
Farnworth, Esq., and was born Oct. 8, 1620.
A pedigree of this ancient Catholic family, with many
interesting historical notes, is given by Bro. Foley, in his
sixth volume of ,e Records S.J." It will be found more
complete than anything that has hitherto been published,
and traces the descent from the thirteenth to the extinction
of the family, in the middle of last century.
CastlemaÙz, Cath. Apology.

Culcheth, John, gent., was the eldest son of Roger
Culcheth, of Abram, co. Lancaster, gent.
The Culcheths of Abram were a younger branch of the
family of Culcheth Hall, and they constantly appear in the
Recusant Rolls. John was killed at Newbury, fighting for the
king during the Civil War, and his brother \Villiam, a cornet,
also fell in this battle. Their brother Roger lost his life at
\Virrall in the same cause. A fourth brother, Thomas, suc.
ceeded to the estate at Abram, and by his wife, Mary Taylor, a
Warwickshire lady, had sons, Roger and Thomas. The former
registered his estate in 1717, and died some few years later,
leaving his brother Thomas, then of \Veston-sub-Wadeler, co.
\tVarwick, gent., his heir, who sold some of the Abram estate,
and in 1744 was living at Wigan, in which year he mortgaged
the remainder.
Gillo'it" La1lc. Rec/tsmzts, 111S.; Piccopc 1/1SS., Chetham Lib.

Curr , Joseph, priest, was born in Sheffield in the last
quarter of the eighteenth century. In due time he proceeded
to the college established out of the ruins of Douay at Crook
Hall, co. Durham, where the animating spirit of zeal for the
restoration of England to the Catholic Church soon took pos-
session of him. He was a diligent student and won for him-

OF THE E
GLISH CATHOLICS.

609

self there a distinguished rank as a good classical scholar and
a sound theologian.
He accompanied the College in its removal from Crook Hall
to Us haw, in 1808, and having completed his studies and
been ordained priest, he was appointed assistant to the
Rev. R. Broomhead at the old chapel in Rook Street, IVlan-
chester. Here he remained until the opening of the new
church of St. Augustine, Granby Row, in 1820, to which
he was then transferred. It thus fell to 1\Ir. Curr's lot to
deliver the funeral oration of his venerable superior, 1\1r.
Broomhead, who was buried at St. Augustine's in October of
this year.
The gratuitous attacks on the Catholic Church by the Pro-
testant Bible Association soon engaged 1\1r. Curr's pen in con-
troversy, followed by other publications, doctrinal and instructive, .
for the use of his own people.
The boundaries of the three 1\1anchester missions at this time
extended far into the country, which very much increased
l\lr. Curr's labours, and necessitated his keeping a horse.
At length he removed to the easier mission 'of Ashton-in-
the- \Vill0 \Vs, and after a short rest retired to the Monastery of
La Trappe in France, to devote some time to further study,
recollection, and devotion.
On his return to England, he took up his residence at
St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, as a convictor or boarder.
Whilst in this retirement he occupied his time with one or
other of his spiritual works, after which he was appointed
chaplain to the Claverings at Callaly Castle, Northumberland.
Here he was hotly engaged in controversy with the emis.
saries of the Reformation Society and the parsons of the neigh-
bourhood.
About 1840 he joined Dr. James Sharples at the mission of
St. Alban's, Blackburn, but when the latter was consecrated
Bishop of Sam aria and coadjutor to the R. R. Dr. Brown, V.A.,
of the recently created Lancashire district, l\1r. Curr removed
to \Vhitby. \Vhile he was at Blackburn, at the request of the
clergy, he held the position of chairman of the Manchester
Conference.
He remained at Whitby until 1846, or the following year,
when he was appointed to his native town of Sheffield. He
had not been long there when the typhus fever epidemic of
VOL. I. R R

610

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY

1847 broke out. Three priests in Leeds were soon stricken
down, and the Catholics of the town were almost left without
pastoral care.
Mr. Curr was now advanced in years; yet the same zeal
which had ruled him through life, prompted him to offer him.
self to take the place of the fallen. His offer was accepted;
he was appointed to Leeds, and on June 29, 1847, he also
fell a victim to the epidemic, a martyr to charity and duty.
Orthodox Jour1lal, &c. ; Letter of Very Rc'i.1. Canon Toole, D.n.;
Cath. Directories.
I. A Discourse delivered at St. Augustine's Chapel, Man.
chester, at the Funeral of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead. Man-
chester, 1820, 8vo.; 2nd edit., J. A. Robinson, I820,8vo.
2. A Letter to Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., President of the
Manchester and Salford Auxiliary Bible Society. Manchester,
1821, 8vo., pp. 24. This letter is dated Oct. 26, 1821. Shortly before the
erection of St. Augustine's, Granby Row, a large dissenting chapel had been
built in the neighbourhood of London Road, at which the Rev. \V. Roby
was the minister. This chapel is still known as Roby Chapel. These were
days when the Bible Society Meetings had become the medium for the
spread of Anti-Catholic slander and bigotry, and a meeting was held in
Roby Chapel, in which some Protestant ministers, especially the Rev.
Melville Home, of Salford, and the Rev. \V. Roby, distinguished themselves
by the virulence and violence of their Anti-Catholic or No-Popery language.
A public invitation had been placarded on the walls of the town, asking for
a numerous attendance. . Mr. Curl' was amongst the audience, and in a few
days produced his" Letter to Sir Oswald Mosley," in reply to the assertions
of the speakers.
This brought out from one of the speakers, the Rev, Melville Home,
conjointly with the Rev. Nathaniel Gilbert, " A Letter," which 111'. Curr met
with the following rejoinder, entitled :-
3. Anti-Horne; or, An Address to the Inhabitants of Man.
chester, in Answer to the Rev. Melville Horne's Warning Voice.
Manchester, 1821, 8Yo., pp. 27; dated Nov. 28 ; to which the Rev. \V. Roby
replied in a pamphlet entitled" Protestantism," dated Dec. 6, 1821, and
Mr. Curl' issued his reply as under :-
4. Catholicism; or, the Old Rule of Faith vindicated from the
Attack of W. Roby. Ivlanchester, 1821, 8vo., dated Dec. 22.
The learning, the controversial skill and literary taste exhibited in these
rapidly written papers, won for Mr. Curl' a character of distinction. His
heavy and pressing duties as a priest, and the tendency of Protestant con-
troversialists to exchange argument for physical force, compelled him to
relinquish his pen in the controversy with his reply to Mr. Roby's " Pro-
testantism." The latter, however, published a second tract under the same
title, dated Jan. 3, 1822, and a third, on the 22nd of the same month. In
reply to the first of these Mr. \V. E. Andrews, Editor of the Orthodox
7 o llnzal, issued
'A Candid Appeal to the Common Sense of the People of

OF TIlE EXGLISH C.\TIIOLICS.

6 I I

Manchester," dated Jan. 21, and a Second Appeal, on Feb. 22, 1822, in
i"eply to Mr. Roby's third" Protestantism."
5. Particulars of the Conversion of Margaret R- N-.
Manchester, 12mo.
6.- Causes of the Disturbed State of Ireland. Manchester, 121110.
7. An Irish Weaver's Answer to a Publication erroneously
styled" The Catholic." Manchester, 1822, 12mo. In reply to a series
of tracts issued under the name of "The Catholic" by a local Protestant
minister, the Rev. \V. Gilbert, a weekly publication commencing
oy. 24,
1821, and continuing to April 6, 1822, each number consisting of 4 pp. 8vo.,
price one halfpenny. I t was followed by another four-page tract which
seems to have run a course of five weeks, from April J 3 to May 8, 1822,
entitled" The Catholic Phænix; or, the Papal Scourge," price Id. The
publications arising out of the Bible Society controversy were numerous.
"An Irish Labourer" elicited "An English Labourer;;' "A Catholic
Townsman," Jan. I, 1822; "A Catholic Youth;" a poem entitled" The
Marks of the True Church," consisting of 44 stanzas in a very fair imitation
of the ballad" Chevy Chase." The Rev. \V. J. Schofield, of Christ Church,
Hulme, was violent Anti-Catholic, and the Rev. R. Strittles, a Bible Christian
::\linister, came out violent anti-everybody but himself.
8. The Instructor's Assistant. Manchester, 12mo., which for many
years held a prominent place in the Sunday-schools in 1\I anchester and the
surrounding district.
9. Sermon ilJ. Defence of Revealed Religion. Manchester, 8vo.
10. Visits to the Blessed Sacrament, and to the Blessed
Virgin. Translated from the Italian of St. Alphonso Maria de'
Liguori. Manchester, 12mo. Frequently reprinted.
I I. The Spiritual Retreat, adapted to the Use of the Clergy
serving the English Mission, from the Retreat of Bourdaloue.
12. Familiar Instructions in the Faith and Morality of the
Catholic Church; adapted to the Use both of Children and
Adults. Compiled from the Works of the most approved
Catholic writers. Manchester, 1827, 12mo.
13. An Address to all sincere Protestants in Coquetdale and
Whittingham Vale, occasioned by the recent Invectives of the
Rev. Maurice Farrell, an emissary of the Reformation Society,
against the Catholic Faith at Thropton, Longhorsley, and
Whittingham. Newcastle, 1835, 8vo. Dated from Callaly Castle, Jan. 29.
At Callaly, Mr. Curr was very attentive to the education of the children of
the mission, the school having been established towards the close of the last
century by the Rev. Thomas Gillow.
14. In 1835 he delivered some Lectures which appeared in the local news-
papers, perhaps also circulated in pamphlet form, to which the Rev. Robert
Green, B.A., vicar of Longhorsley, replied with "A Statement of Facts.
Observations upon some Lectures delivered by the Rev. Joseph Curr." N ew-
castle, 1835, 12mo.
15. Deception Unmasked: being a Review of a Statement of
Facts, &c., by the Rev. R. Green. Newcastle, 1835, 8vo. This elicited
a rejoinder from Mr. Green," :\lore Tracts; being a Reply to a Pamphlet

612

BlBLIOG RAPHICAL DICTION AR Y.

published by the Rev, Joseph Curr, entitled Deception Unmasked." New.
castle, 1835, 12mo.
16. Mr. Curr answered, followed by-
17. A third Address, which elicited" To the Inhabitants of \Yhittingham
Parish, in reply to Mr. Curr's third Address. By the Rev. J. Law, Vicar of
\Vhittingham." Newcastle, 1835, 12mo.
18. The Fox and the Goose; or, a Comico.serio Address to the
Good People of Whittingham and all others who have read the
Address of the Rev. J. Law, of March 27. Newcastle, 1835. 12mo.
19. Correspondence in the "Sheffield Independent" and
"Yorkshire and Derbyshire Advertiser" on the disgraceful
attempt to proselytize by the two Protestant Surgeons at
Sheffield, published in the Orthodox Journal, Nov. 3, 1835, dated from
Callaly Castle.
20. In 1836, Mr. Curr published another Letter, which elicited from the
R
v. Robert Green, vicar of Longhorsley, "A Letter to the Protestant
Inhabitants of Longhorsley, Rothbury, and \Vhittingham, in Reply to a
Letter from the Rev. Joseph Curr." Newcastle, 1836. I2mo.
21. In 1840 he wrote two long letters to the Orthodox Jourllal, headed
U The Thropton Controversy: to the Rev. Robert Green, Vicar of Long-
horsley," which were probably published in pamphlet form with those of
Dr. Corless and others.

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Records of the Englbh Province of the Society of
Jesus. Vol. I., Series I. net
Vol. II., Series 11., 111., IV.. net
Vol. 111., Series V., VI., VII., VIII. net
Vol. IV. Series IX., X., XI. .. net
Vol. V., Series XII. with nine Photographs of
Martyrs. . . . . . . . net
Vol. VI., Diary and Pilgrim-Book of the English Col-
lege, Rome. The Diary from 1579 to 1773, with
Biographical and Historical Notes. The Pilgrim-
Book of the Ancient English Hospice attached to
the College from 1580 to 1656, with Historical
Notes . ... net
Vol. VII. Part the First: General Statistics of the Pro-
vince; and Collectanea. giving Biographical Notices
of its Members and of many Irish and Scotch Jesuits.
With 20 Photographs. .. net
Vol. VII. Part the Second: Collectanea, Completed;
'With Appendices. Catalogues of Assumed and Real
Names: Annual Letters; Biographies and Miscel-
lanea. . . . . . . . net
".'b a biographical dictionary of English Jesuits, it deserves a
place in every well-selected library, and, as a collection of marvel-
lOlls occurrences, persecutions, martyrdoms, and evidences of the
re
ults of faith, amongst the books of all who belong to the Catholic
Ch 11 rch." -Gi!1lca/ogist.

FORMBY, REV. HENRY.

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nation and the Law of Moses. The Primitive Reli-
gion of the City of Rome. An historical Investiga.
tion. Demy 8vo. 0 5 0

8

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FRANCIS DE SALES, ST.: THE WORKS OF.
Translated into the English Language by the Very Rev.
Canon Mackey, O. S. B., under the direction of the
Right Rev. Bishop Hedley, O.S.B. .
Vol. I. Letters to Persons in the World. Cloth . Lo 6 0
"The letters must be read in order to comprehend the charm and
sweetness of their style."-Tablet.
Vol. II.- The Treatise on the Love of God. Father
Carr's translation of 1630 has been taken as a basis,
but it has been modernized and thoroughly revised
and corrected. ...... 0 9 0
"To those who are seeking perfection by the path of contemplation
this volume will be
n armoury ofhelp."-Salurday ReY'ÍI!11J.
Vol. III. The Catholic Controversy. .. 0 6 0
"Noone who has not read it can conceive how clear, how convinc-
ing, and how well ad
pted to our present needs are these cOnlrovers
1
.Ieaves...'-Tablet.
Vol. IV. Letters to Persons in Religion, with intro-
duction by Bishop Hedley on II St. Francis de Sales
and the Religious State.... ... 0 6 0
U The sincere piety and goodness, the grave wbdom, the knowledge
of human nature, the tenderness for its weakness, and the desire for
its perfection that pervade the letters, make them pregnant of in-
struction for all serious persons. The translation and editing have
been admirably done."-Scclsmtl1l.
* * * Other vols. in preparation.
GALLWEY, REV. PETER, (S.J.)
Precious Pearl of Hope in the Mercy of God, The.
Translated from the Italian. \Vith Preface by the
Rev. Father Gallwey. Cloth. ... 0 4 6
Lectures on Ritualism and on the Anglican Orders.
2 voJs. ( Or may be had separateJy.) 0 8 0
Salvage from the Wreck. A few Memories of the
Dead, preserved in Funeral Discourses. With
Portraits. Crown 8vo. . 0 7 6
GIBSON, REV. H.
Catechism Made Easy. Being an Explanation of the
Christian Doctrine. Eighth edition. 2 vols., cloth. 0 7 6
"This work must be of priceless worth to any who are engaged in
any form of catechetical instruction. It is the best book of the kind
that we have seen in English."-Jrish ftftmlhly.
GILLOW, JOSEPH. .
Literary and Biographical History, or, Bibliographical
Dictionary of the English Catholics. From the
Breach with Rome, in 1534, to the Present Time.
Vols. I., I I. and II I. cloth, demy 8vo . . each. 0 15 0
* f' * Other vols. in preparation.
"The patient research of Mr. Gillow. his conscientious record of
minute particulars. and especially his exhaustive bibliographical in-
formation in connection with each name, are beyond praise."-Brilish
Quarlerly Re'I,iew.
The Haydock Papers. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 0 7 6
"We commend this collection to the attention of every one that
is interested in the records of the sufferings and struggles of our
ancestors to hand down the faith to their children. It is in the

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:te;:i
u:hfu
:r:t

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dismal times."-Tablet.

CATALOGUE OF PUBLICA 170NS.

9

GROWTH IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF OUR LORD.

Meditations for every Day in the Year, exclusive of
those for Festivals, Day
of Retreat, &c. Adapted
from the original of Abbé de Brandt, by Sister Mary
Fidelis. A new and Improved Edition, in 3 Vols.
Sold only in sets. Price per set, I.) 2 6
.. The prai!>e, though high, bestowed on these exçellent meditations
Ly the Bishop of Salford is well deserved. The language, like good
!>pectacles, spreads treasures before our vision v.ithout attracting
attention to itself."-Dllblill RnJiew.

HEDLEY, BISHOP.
Our Divine Saviour, and other Discourses. Crown
8vo.
.. A distinct and noteworthy feature of these sernlons is, we cer-
tainly think, their freshness-freshness of thought, treatment, and
style; nowhere do we meet pulpit commonplace or hackneyed phrase
-everywhere, on the contrary, it is the heart of the preacher pouring
out to his flock his own deep convictions, enforcing them from the
. Treasures, old and new,' of a cultivated mind."-DllbIÙl Review.

060

HUMPHREY, REV. W. (S.J.)
Suarez on the Religious State: A Digest of the Doc-
trine contained in his Treatise, "De Statû Religionis."
3 vols., pp. 1200. Cloth, roy. 8vo. 1 10 0
.. This laborious and skilfully executed work is a distinct addition
to English theological literature. Father Humphrey's style is quiet,
methodical, precise, and as clear as the subject admits. Everyone
will be struck with the air of legal exposition which pervades the
book. He takes a grip of his author, under which the text yields
up every atom of its meaning and force."-DllbIÙ, Review. .
The One Mediator; or, Sacrifice and Sacraments.
Crown 8vo, cloth . 0 5 0
.. An exceedingly accurate theological exposition of doctrines
which are the life of Christianity and which make up the soul of the
Christian religion. . . . A profound work, but so far from being
dark, obscure. and of metaphysical difficulty, the meaning of each
pardgraph shines with a crystalline clearness."-Tablet.

KING, FRANCIS.
The Church of my Baptism, and why I returned to
It. Crown 8vo, cloth 0 2 6
.. A book of the higher controver!>ial critici!>m. Its literary style
is good, its controversial manner excellent, and its writer's emphasis
does not escape in italics and notes of exclamation, but is all reserved
for lucid and cogent reasoning. Altogether a book of an excellent
spirit, written with freshness and distinction."-fVeekly Register.

LEDOUX, REV. S. M.
History of the Seven Holy Founders of the Order of
the Servants of Mary. Crown 8vo, cloth 0 4 6
.. Throws a full light upon the Seven Saints recently canonized,
whom we see as they really were. All that was marvellous in their
call, their works, and their death is given with the charm of a
picturesque and speaking style. "-Messmger of/he Sacred Heart.

10 SELECTION FROllf BURNS &-' OA TES'

LEE, REV. F. G., D.D. (of Aij Saints, Lambeth.)
Edward the Sixth: Supreme Head. Second edition.
Crown 8vo , . . [,0 6 0
In vivid interest and in literary power. no less than in solid his-
torical value, Dr. Le
's present work comes fully up to the standard
of its predecessors; and to say that is to bestow high praise. The
book evinces Dr. Lee'!> customary diligence of research in amassing
facts, and his rare artistic power in welding them into a harmonious
an.] effective whole."-Jolm Bull.

LIGUORI, ST. ALPHONSUS.
New and Improved TranslatIon of the Complete 'Yorks
of St. Alphonsus, edited by the late Bishop Coffin :-
Vol. I. The Christian Virtues, and the Means for Oh-
taining them. Cloth
Or separateìy :-
I. The Love of our Lord Jesus Christ . . .
2. Treatise on Prayer. (bz the ordinary editions a
great jart of this 'Work is omitted)
3. A Chnstian's rule of Life. . . . .
Vol. II. The l\1ysteriesof the Faith-The Incarnation;
containing Meditations and Devotions on the Birth
and Infancy of Jesus Christ, &c., suited for Advent
and Christmas.. ..,
Vol. III. The Mysteries of the FaIth--The B\t"ssed
Sacrament . . . . . . .
Vol. IV. Eternal Truths-Preparation for Death
Vol. V. The Redemption-Meditations on the Passion.
Vol. VI. Glories of Mary. New edition
LIVIUS, REV. T. (M.A., C.SS.R.)
St. Peter, Bishop of Rome; or, the Roman Episcopate
uf the Prince of the Apostles, proved from the
Fathers, History and Chronology, and illustrated by
arguments from other sources. Dedicated to his
Eminence Cardinal Newman. Demy 8vo, cloth 0 12 0
.. ^ book which deserves careful attention. In respect of literary
qualities, such as effective arrangement, and correct and lucid
.liction, this essay, by an English Catholic scholar, is not unworthy
"f Cardinal Newman, to whom it is dedicated. "-The S1I11.
Explanation of the Psalms and Canticles in the Divme
Office. By ST. AI.PHONSUS LIGUORI. Translated
from the Italian by THOMAS LIVIUS, C.SS. R.
\Vith a Preface by his Eminence Cardinal :\IANNING.
Crown 8\'0, cloth. . 0 7 6
.. To nuns and others who know lillie or no Latin. the book will
he of immense importance."-DubIÙl Neview.
.. Father Livius has in our opinion even improved on the original,

o far as the arrangement of the book goes. Kew priests will find
it especially uselul. "-111011//1.
Mary in the Epistles; or, The Implicit Teaching of
the Apostles concerning the Blessed Virgin, set
forth in devout comments on their writmgs.
Illustrated from Fathers and other Authors, and
prefaced by introductory Chapters. Crown 8vo.
Cloth . 0 5 0

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CA TALOGUE OF PUBLICA TIONS.

MANNING, CARDINAL.

England and Christendom. .
Four Great Evils of the Day. 5th edition. Wrapper
Cloth . . .
Fourfold Sovereignty of God. 3rd edition. Wrapper
Cloth. .
Glories of the Sacred Heart. 5th edition
Grounds of Faith. Cloth. 9th edition. Wrapper
Cloth.. .
Independence of the Holy See. 2nd edition
Internall\1ission of the Holy Ghost. 5th edition
Miscellanies. 3 vols. the set
National Education. Wrapper
Cloth
Petri Privilegium . . .
l{eligio Viatoris. 4th edition, cloth
Wrapper. ..
Sermons on Ecclesiastical Subjects. V ols. I., I I..
and II I. each
Sin and its Consequences. 7th edition
Temporall\lission of the Holy Ghost. 4th edition
Temporal Power of the Pope. 3rd edition
True Story of the Vatican Council. 2nd edition
The Eternal Priesthood. 9th edition
The Office of the Church in the Higher Catholic
Education. A Pastoral Letter . .
Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England.
Reprint of a letter addressed to Dr. Pusey in 186 4
Wrapper
Cloth
Lost Sheep Found. A Sermon
On Education .
Rights and Dignity uf Labuur

The Westminster Series
In handy pocket size.
The Blessed Sacrament, the Centre of Immutable
Truth, \Vrapper
Confidence in God. \V rapper .
Or the two bound together. Cloth
Holy Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ according
to St. John. Cloth
Holy Ghost the Sanctifier. Cloth
Love of Jesus to Penitents. "'rapper
Cloth . . .
Office of the Holy Ghost under the Gospel. Cloth

MANNING, CARDINAL, Edited by.

Life of the Curé of Ars. Popular edition

II

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12 SELECTION FROM BURNS &> OA TES'

MEDAILLE, REV. P.
Meditations on the Gospels for Every Day in the
Year. Translated into English from the new Edi-
tion, enlarged by the Besançon Missionaries, under
the direction of the Rev. W. H. Eyre, S.J. Cloth Lo 6 0
(This work has already been translated into Latin,
Italian, Spanish, German, and Dutch. >
"v.'e have carefully examined these Meditations, and are fain to
confess that we admire them very much. They are short. succinct,
pithy, always to the point, and \\onderfully suggestive."-Tablet.
MIV ART, PROF. ST. GEORGE (M.D., F.R.S.)
Nature and Thought. Second edition . . .
"The complete command of the subject, the wide grasp, the
subtlety, the readiness of illustration, the grace of style, contrive
to render this one of the most admirable books of its c1ass."-
British Quarterly Review.
A Philosophical Catechism. Fifth edition .
"It should become the t:'ade mecum of Catholic students. "-Tablet.

o 4 0

o 0

MONTGOMERY, HON. MRS.
Approved by the Most Rev. G. Porte,', Achbp. of Bombay.
The Eternal Years. With an Introduction by the
Most Rev. G. Porter, Achbp. of Bombay. Cloth.
The Divine Ideal. Cloth. . . . . .
" A work of original thought carefully developed and expressed in
lucid and richly imaged style."-Tablet.
.. The writing of a pious, thoughtful, earnest woman."-Church
Review,
.. Full of truth, and sound reason, and con fidence. "-A merica"
Catholic Book News.
MORRIS, REV. JOHN (S.J.)
Letter Books of Sir Amias Poulet, keeper of :Mary
Queen of Scots. Demy 8vo .
Two Missionaries under Elizabeth
The Catholics under Elizabeth.
The Life of Father John Gerard, S.J. Third edition,
rewritten and enlarged. .. .
The Life and Martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket. Second
and enlarged edition. In one volume, large post 8vo,
cloth, pr. xxxvi., 63 2 , .
or bound in two parts, cloth
MORRIS, REV. W. B. (of the Oratory.>
The Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. Fourth
edition. Crown 8vo, cloth .,.
"The secret of Father Morris's success is, that he has got the
proper key to the extraordinary, the mysterious life and character of
St. Patrick. He has taken the Saint's own authentic writings as
the foundation whereon to build."-Irish Ecclesiastical Record.
.. Promises to become the standard biography of Ireland's Apostle.
For clear statement of facts, and calm judicious discussion of Con-
troverted points, it surpasses any work we know of in the literature
of the subject."-Americml Catholic Quarterly.
Ireland and St. Patrick. A study of the Saint's
character and of the results of his apostolate.
Crown 8vo. Cloth. 0 5 0

03 6
03 6

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13

NEWMAN, CARDINAL.
Church of the Fathers ,[0 4 0
Prices of other works hy Cardinal Newman on
application.

PAGANI, VERY REV. JOHN BAPTIST,
The Science of the Saints in Practice. By John Bap-
tist Pagani. Second General of the Institute of
Charity. Complete in three volumes. Vol. I,
January to April. Vol. 2, May to August. Vol. 3.
September to December each 0 5 0
.. . The Science of the Saints' is a practical treatise on the principal
Chri".ian virtues, abundantly illustrated with interesting examples
from Holy Scripture as well ao; from the Lives of the Saints. Written
chiefly for devout o;ouls. such a'i are trying to live an interior and super-
natllrallife by following in the footsteps of our Lord and His saints,
this work is eminently adapted for the use of ecclesiastics and of religi-
ous communities."-lrish Ecclesiastical Record.

PAYNE, JOHN ORLEBAR, (M.A.)
Records of the English Catholics of 1715. Demy 8vo.
Half-bound, gilt top 0 15 0
.. A book of the kind Mr. Payne has given US would have astonish-
ed Bishop Milner Or Dr. Lingard. They would have treasured it,
for both of them knew the value of minute fragments of historical
information. The Editor hao; derived nearly the whole of the inform-
ation which he has given, from unprinted sources. and we must
congratulate him on having found a few incidents here and there
which may bring the old times back before us in a mOst touching
manner. "- Tablet.
English Catholic Non-Jurors of 1715. Being a Sum-
mary of the Register of their Estates, with Genea-
logical and other Notes, and an Appendix of
Unpublished Documents in the Public Record
Office. In one Volume. Demy 8vo. 0
.. Most carefully and creditably brought out. .. From first to last.
full of social interest and biographical details, for which we may
search in vain elsewhere."-Antiqllariatt MagazÙte.
Old English Catholic Missions. Demy8vo, half-bound. 0 7 6
.. A book to hunt about in for curious odds and ends."-Satltrday
Rer,iew.
.. These registers tell us in their too brief records, teeming with inter-
est for all their scantiness, manya tale of patient heroism."-Tablet.

PORTER, ARCHBISHOP.
The Letters of the late Father George Porter, S.J.,
Archbishop of Bombay. Demy 8vo. Cloth. 0 7 6
.. Brimful of good things. . . . . In them the priest will find a
storehouse of hints on matters spiritual; from them the layman will
reap crisp and clear information on many ecclesiastical points; the
critic can listen to frank opinions of literature of every shade; and
the general reader can enjoy the choice bits of descrIption and mor-
sels of humour scattered lavishly through the book."-Tablet.

14 SELEC170N FROM BURNS êr' OA TES'

QUARTERLY SERIES Edited by the Rev. John
:\lorris, S.J. 80 volumes published to date.
Seiection.
The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier. By the
Rev. H. J. Coleridge, S.J. 2 vols. . . .,[0 10 6
The History of the Sacred Passion. By Father Luis
de la Palma, of the Society of Jesus. Translated
from the Spanish. . . . 0 5 0
The Life of Dona Louisa de Carvajal. By Lady
Georgiana Fullerton. Small edition 0 3 6
The Life and Letters of St. Teresa. 3 voIs. By Rev.
H. J. Coleridge, S.J. . . . . . each 0 7 6
The Life of Mary Ward. By Mary Catherine Elizabeth
Chalmers, of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin.
Edited by the Rev. H. J. Coleridge, S.J. 2 vols. 0 15 0
The Return of the King. Discourses on the Latter
Days. By the Rev. H.. J. Coleridge, S.J.. . 0 7 6
Pious Affections towards God and the Saints. Medi-
tations for every Day in the Year, and for the
Principal Festivals. From the Latin of the Ven.
Nicolas Lancicius, S.J. . . . . . 0 7 6
The Life and Teaching of Jesus Christ in Meditations
for Every Day in the Year. By Fr. Nicolas
Avancino, S.J. Two vols. . . . . .
The Baptism of the Kmg : Considerations on the Sacred
Passion. By the Rev. H. J. Coleridge, S.J.. .
The Mother of the King. Mary during the Life of
Our Lord. . . . . . . . .
The Hours of the Passion. Taken from the Life of
Christ by Ludolph the Saxon. ..
The Mother of the Church. Mary during the first
Apostolic Age .
The Life of St. Bridget of Sweden. By the late F. J.
M. A. Partridge. .. ...
The Teachings and Counsels of St. Francis Xavier.
From his Letters. . . . . . .
Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador. 1821-1875.
From the French of the Rev. P. A. Berthe, C.SS.R.
By Lady Herbert . .
The Life of St. Alonso Rodriguez. By Francis
Goldie, of the Society of Jesus. .,
Letters of St. Augustine. Selected and arranged by
Mary H. Allies. .....
A Martyr from the Quarter-Deck-Alexis Clerc, S.].
By Lady Herbert . .. .
Acts of the English Martyrs, hitherto unpublished.
By the Rev. John H. Pollen. S.J., with a Preface
by the Rev. John Morris, S. J. '. .
Life of St. Francis di Geronimo, S.J. By A. 1\1. Clarke.
Aquinas Ethicus; or the Moral Teaching of St. Thomas
By the Rev. Joseph Rickaby, S.J. 2 vols.. .

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CA TALOGUE OF PUBLICA 770NS.

15

QU AR TERL Y SERIES-(selecti01t) c01ttÏtwed.
VOLUMES ON THE LIFE OF OUR LORD.
The Holy btfanq.
The Preparation of the Incarnation. . . .
The Nine Months. The Life of our Lord in the Womb.
The Thirty Years. Our Lord's Infancy and Early Life.
The Public Life of Our Lord.
The Ministry of St. John Baptist
The Preaching of the Beatitudes
The Sermon on the Mount. Continued. 2 Parts, each
The Training of the Apostles. Parts I., II., III., IV.
each
The Preaching of the Cross. Part L
The Preaching of the Cross. Parts II., III. each
Passiontide. Parts I. II. and IlL, each
Chapters on the Parables of Our Lord
Introductory Volumes.
The Life of our Life. Harmony of the Life of Our
Lord, with Introductory Chapters and Indices.
Second edition. Two vols.
The Passage ot our Lord to the Father. Conclusion
of The Life of our Life. . .
The \Vorks and \Vords of our Saviour, gathered from
the Four Gospels ..
The Story of the Gospels. Harmonised for Meditation
ROSE, STEWART.
St. Ignatius Loyola and The Early Jesuits. with more
than 100 lIIustrations by H. W. and H. C. Brewer
and L. \Vain. The whole produced under the
immediate superintendence of the Rev. \V. H. Eyre,
S.J. Super Royal 8vo. Handsomely bound in
Cloth, extra gilt. (net.) . . . . . 0 I
0
.. This magnificent volume is one of which Catholics have justly
reason to be proud. Its historical as well as its literary value is very
g-reat. and the illustrations from the pencils of l\lr. Louis 'Vain and
i\lessrs. H. 'V. and H. C. Brewer are models of what the illustrations
of such a book should be. We hope that this book will be found in
every C2.tholic drav.ing-rocm, as a proof that' we Catholics' are in
no way behind tl:ose around us in the beauty of the illustrated books
that issue from our hands, or in the interest which is added to the
subject by a skilful pen and finished style."-1J1"o1lth.
RYDER, REV. H. I. D. (of the Oratory.)
Catholic Controversy: A Reply to Dr. Littlcdale's
"Plain Reasons." Seveth edition. . . . 0 2 6
.. Father Ryder of the Birmingham Oratory, has now furnished
in a small volume a masterly reply to this as!>ailant from without.
The lighter charms of a brilliant and graceful style are added to the
solid merits of this handbook of contemporary controversy."-lrisk
Monthly.
SOULIER, REV. P.
Life of St. Philip Benizi, of the Order of the Servants
of Mary. Crown 8vo. . . .. 0 X 0
"A clear and interesting account of the life and labours of this
eminent Servant of Mary."-Americatt Catholic Quarterly.
"Very scholar-like, devout and complete. "-Dublin Review.

/:,0 7 6
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16 BURNS &- OATES' PUBLICATIONS.

STANTON, REV. R. (of the Oratory.)
A Menology of England and Wales; or, Brief Mem-
orials of the British arid English Saints, arranged
according to the Calendar. Together with the Mar-
tyrs of the 16th and 17th centuries. Compiled by
order of the Cardinal Archbishop and the" Bishops
of the Province of Westminster. Demy 8vo, cloth ;[0 14 0
THOMPSON, EDWARD HEALY, (M.A.)
The Life of Jean-Jacques Olier, Founder of the
Seminary of St. SuI pice. New and Enlarged Edition.
Post 8vo, cloth, pp. xxxvi. 628. . . . 0 IS 0
.. It provides us with just what we most need, a model to look up to
and imitate; one whose circumstances and surroundings were suffi-
ciently like our own to admit of an easy and direct application to our
own personal duties and daily occupations."-Dllblitl Review.
The Life and Glories of St. Joseph, Husband of
Mary, Foster-Father of Jesus, and Patron of the
Universal Church. Grounded on the Dissertations of
Canon Antonio Vitalis, Father José Moreno, and other
writers. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth.
ULLATHORNE ARCHBISHOP.
Autobiography of, see Drane, A. T.
Endowments of Man, &c. Popular edition.
Groundwork of the Christian Virtues: do.
Christian Patience, do. do.
Ecclesiastical Discourses
Memoir of Bishop Willson.
VAUGHAN, ARCHBISHOP, (O.S.B.)
The .Life and Labours of St. Thomas of Aquin.
Abri8ged and edited by Do"m Jerome Vaughan,
O.S. B. Second Edition. (Vol. I., Benedictine
Library.) Crown 8vo. Attractively bound. . 0 6 6
.. Popularly written, in the best sense of the word, skiltully avoids
all wearisome detail, whilst omitting nothing that is of importance
in the incidents of the Saint's existence, or for a clear understanding
of the nature and the purpose of those sublime theological works
on which so many Pontiffs, and notably Leo XIII., have pronounced
such remarkable and repeated commendations. "-Freematl'S Journal.
WARD, WILFRID.
The Clothes of Religion. A reply to popular Positivism. 0 3 6
"Very witty and interesting."-Sþectator.
"Really modelsofwhatsuch e<;says should be. "-Clt.Quart. Review.
WATERWORTH, REV. J. .
The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and CEcumenical
Council of Trent, celebrated under the Sovereign
Pontiffs, Paul III., Julius III., and Pius IV., tran-
slated by the Rev. J. WATERWORTH. To which
are prefixed Essays on the External and Internal
History of the Council. A new edition. Demy
8vo, cloth . . . 0 10 6
WISEMAN, CARDINAL.
Fabiola. A Tale of the Catacombs. . . 3S. 6d. and 0 4 0
Also a new and splendid edition printed on large
quarto paper, embellished with thirty-one full-page
illustrations, and a coloured portrait of St. Agnes.
Handsomely bound. 0

0 6 0
0 7 0
0 7 0
0 7 0
0 6 0
0 2 6

Date

Due

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